mirror of
https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust.git
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98f5f9a88f
Reverts google/comprehensive-rust#1344. The edit to the Markdown file has been kept since we _do_ want to fix the typo!
27734 lines
910 KiB
Plaintext
27734 lines
910 KiB
Plaintext
msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: [한국어]Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-09-24\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
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"Last-Translator: \n"
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"Language-Team: \n"
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"Language: ko\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
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"X-Generator: Poedit 3.3.2\n"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:4 src/index.md:1
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msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
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msgstr "Comprehensive Rust에 오신 것을 환영합니다 🦀"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:5 src/running-the-course.md:1
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msgid "Running the Course"
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msgstr "강의 진행"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:6 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1
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msgid "Course Structure"
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msgstr "강의 구성"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:7 src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1
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msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts"
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msgstr "단축키"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:8 src/running-the-course/translations.md:1
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msgid "Translations"
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msgstr "다른 언어들"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:9 src/cargo.md:1
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msgid "Using Cargo"
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msgstr "카고 사용하기"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:10
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msgid "Rust Ecosystem"
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msgstr "러스트 생태계"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:11
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msgid "Code Samples"
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msgstr "코드 샘플"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:12
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msgid "Running Cargo Locally"
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msgstr "카고(Cargo) 수행하기"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:15
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msgid "Day 1: Morning"
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msgstr "1일차 오전"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 src/SUMMARY.md:76 src/SUMMARY.md:130 src/SUMMARY.md:187
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:213 src/SUMMARY.md:263
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msgid "Welcome"
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msgstr "개요"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:20 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1
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msgid "What is Rust?"
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msgstr "러스트란?"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:21 src/hello-world.md:1
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msgid "Hello World!"
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msgstr "Hello World!"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:22 src/hello-world/small-example.md:1
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msgid "Small Example"
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msgstr "작은 예제"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:23 src/why-rust.md:1
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msgid "Why Rust?"
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msgstr "러스트를 써야하는 이유"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:24 src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1
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msgid "Compile Time Guarantees"
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msgstr "컴파일 시 보장되는 것들"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:25 src/why-rust/runtime.md:1
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msgid "Runtime Guarantees"
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msgstr "런타임 시 보장되는 것들"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:26 src/why-rust/modern.md:1
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msgid "Modern Features"
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msgstr "현대적인 특징"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:27 src/basic-syntax.md:1
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msgid "Basic Syntax"
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msgstr "기본 문법"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:28 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1
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msgid "Scalar Types"
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msgstr "스칼라 타입"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:29 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1
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msgid "Compound Types"
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msgstr "복합 타입"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:30 src/basic-syntax/references.md:1
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msgid "References"
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msgstr "참조"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:31 src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1
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msgid "Dangling References"
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msgstr "허상(dangling) 참조"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:32 src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1
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msgid "Slices"
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msgstr "슬라이스"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:33
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msgid "String vs str"
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msgstr "String과 str"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:34 src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1
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msgid "Functions"
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msgstr "함수"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1
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msgid "Rustdoc"
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msgstr "Rustdoc"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/SUMMARY.md:83 src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1
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#: src/methods.md:1
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msgid "Methods"
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msgstr "메서드"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:37
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msgid "Overloading"
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msgstr "오버로딩"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 src/SUMMARY.md:67 src/SUMMARY.md:91 src/SUMMARY.md:121
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:150 src/SUMMARY.md:179 src/SUMMARY.md:206 src/SUMMARY.md:227
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:255 src/SUMMARY.md:277 src/SUMMARY.md:298
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#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1
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#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1
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#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1
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#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1
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msgid "Exercises"
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msgstr "연습문제"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:39 src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1
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msgid "Implicit Conversions"
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msgstr "묵시적 형변환"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:40
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msgid "Arrays and for Loops"
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msgstr "배열과 for 반복문"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:42
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msgid "Day 1: Afternoon"
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msgstr "1일차 오후"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:44 src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1
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msgid "Variables"
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msgstr "변수"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:45 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1
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msgid "Type Inference"
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msgstr "타입 추론"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:46
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msgid "static & const"
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msgstr "정적변수(static)와 상수(const)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:47 src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1
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msgid "Scopes and Shadowing"
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msgstr "범위(Scopes)와 쉐도잉(Shadowing)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:48 src/memory-management.md:1
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msgid "Memory Management"
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msgstr "메모리 관리"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:49
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msgid "Stack vs Heap"
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msgstr "스택(Stack)과 힙(Heap)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:50
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msgid "Stack Memory"
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msgstr "스택 메모리"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:51 src/memory-management/manual.md:1
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msgid "Manual Memory Management"
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msgstr "수동 메모리 관리"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:52 src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1
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msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management"
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msgstr "범위기반 메모리 관리"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:53
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msgid "Garbage Collection"
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msgstr "가비지 컬렉션"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:54
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msgid "Rust Memory Management"
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msgstr "러스트의 메모리 관리"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:55 src/memory-management/comparison.md:1
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msgid "Comparison"
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msgstr "비교"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:56 src/ownership.md:1
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msgid "Ownership"
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msgstr "소유권"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:57 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1
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msgid "Move Semantics"
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msgstr "Move 문법"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:58 src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1
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msgid "Moved Strings in Rust"
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msgstr "러스트에서의 문자열 이동"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:59
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msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++"
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msgstr "Modern C++에서 이중해제 문제"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:60 src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1
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msgid "Moves in Function Calls"
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msgstr "함수 호출에서의 이동(Move)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:61 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1
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msgid "Copying and Cloning"
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msgstr "복사와 복제"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:62 src/ownership/borrowing.md:1
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msgid "Borrowing"
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msgstr "빌림"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:63 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1
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msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows"
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msgstr "공유와 고유 빌림"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:64 src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1
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msgid "Lifetimes"
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msgstr "수명"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:65 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1
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msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls"
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msgstr "함수 호출에서의 수명"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:66 src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1
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msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures"
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msgstr "구조체에서의 수명"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:68 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:1
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msgid "Storing Books"
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msgstr "책 저장하기"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:69 src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:1
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msgid "Iterators and Ownership"
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msgstr "반복자와 소유권"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:72
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msgid "Day 2: Morning"
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msgstr "2일차 오전"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:77 src/structs.md:1
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msgid "Structs"
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msgstr "구조체"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:78 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1
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msgid "Tuple Structs"
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msgstr "튜플"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:79 src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1
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msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax"
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msgstr "필드 할당 단축 문법"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:80 src/enums.md:1
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msgid "Enums"
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msgstr "열거형"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:81 src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1
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msgid "Variant Payloads"
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msgstr "데이터를 포함하는 열거형(Variant Payloads)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:82 src/enums/sizes.md:1
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msgid "Enum Sizes"
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msgstr "열거형의 크기"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/methods/receiver.md:1
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msgid "Method Receiver"
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msgstr "메서드 리시버(Receiver)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 src/SUMMARY.md:161 src/SUMMARY.md:276
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#: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1
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msgid "Example"
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msgstr "예제"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:86 src/pattern-matching.md:1
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msgid "Pattern Matching"
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msgstr "패턴 매칭"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:87 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1
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msgid "Destructuring Enums"
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msgstr "열거형 분해(역구조화)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:88 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1
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msgid "Destructuring Structs"
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msgstr "구조체 분해(역구조화)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:89 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1
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msgid "Destructuring Arrays"
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msgstr "배열 분해(역구조화)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:90 src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1
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msgid "Match Guards"
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msgstr "매치 가드"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:92 src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1
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msgid "Health Statistics"
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msgstr "건강상태 모니터링 시스템"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:93 src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3
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msgid "Points and Polygons"
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msgstr "점과 다각형"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:95
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msgid "Day 2: Afternoon"
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msgstr "2일차 오후"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:97 src/SUMMARY.md:290 src/control-flow.md:1
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msgid "Control Flow"
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msgstr "흐름 제어"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:98 src/control-flow/blocks.md:1
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msgid "Blocks"
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msgstr "블록"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:99
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msgid "if expressions"
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msgstr "if 표현식"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:100
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msgid "if let expressions"
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msgstr "if let 표현식"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:101
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msgid "while expressions"
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msgstr "while 표현식"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:102
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msgid "while let expressions"
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msgstr "while let 표현식"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:103
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msgid "for expressions"
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msgstr "for 표현식"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:104
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msgid "loop expressions"
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msgstr "loop 표현식"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:105
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msgid "match expressions"
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msgstr "match 표현식"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:106
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msgid "break & continue"
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msgstr "break와 continue"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:107 src/std.md:1
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msgid "Standard Library"
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msgstr "표준 라이브러리"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:108
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msgid "Option and Result"
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msgstr "Option과 Result"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:109 src/std/string.md:1
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msgid "String"
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msgstr "String"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:110
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msgid "Vec"
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msgstr "Vec"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:111
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msgid "HashMap"
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msgstr "HashMap"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:112
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msgid "Box"
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msgstr "Box"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:113
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msgid "Recursive Data Types"
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msgstr "재귀적 자료구조"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:114 src/std/box-niche.md:1
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msgid "Niche Optimization"
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msgstr "니치(틈새) 최적화(Niche Optimization)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:115
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msgid "Rc"
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msgstr "Rc"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:116
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msgid "Cell/RefCell"
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msgstr "Cell과 RefCell"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:117 src/modules.md:1
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msgid "Modules"
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msgstr "모듈"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:118 src/modules/visibility.md:1
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msgid "Visibility"
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msgstr "가시성"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:119 src/modules/paths.md:1
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msgid "Paths"
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msgstr "경로"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:120 src/modules/filesystem.md:1
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msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy"
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msgstr "파일시스템 계층"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:122 src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:1
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#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3
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msgid "Luhn Algorithm"
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msgstr "룬 알고리즘"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:123 src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1
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#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:97
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msgid "Strings and Iterators"
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msgstr "문자열과 반복자"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:126
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msgid "Day 3: Morning"
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msgstr "3일차 오전"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:131 src/generics.md:1
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msgid "Generics"
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msgstr "제네릭"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:132 src/generics/data-types.md:1
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msgid "Generic Data Types"
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msgstr "제네릭 데이터 타입"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:133 src/generics/methods.md:1
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msgid "Generic Methods"
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msgstr "제네릭 메서드"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:134 src/generics/monomorphization.md:1
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msgid "Monomorphization"
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msgstr "단형화"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:135 src/traits.md:1
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msgid "Traits"
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msgstr "트레잇(Trait)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:136 src/traits/trait-objects.md:1
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msgid "Trait Objects"
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msgstr "트레잇 객체"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:137 src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1
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msgid "Deriving Traits"
|
|
msgstr "트레잇 상속하기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:138 src/traits/default-methods.md:1
|
|
msgid "Default Methods"
|
|
msgstr "기본 메서드"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:139 src/traits/trait-bounds.md:1
|
|
msgid "Trait Bounds"
|
|
msgstr "제네릭 타입 제한(트레잇 경계)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:140
|
|
msgid "impl Trait"
|
|
msgstr "트레잇 구현하기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:141 src/traits/important-traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "Important Traits"
|
|
msgstr "중요한 트레잇"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:142
|
|
msgid "Iterator"
|
|
msgstr "Iterator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:143 src/traits/from-iterator.md:1
|
|
msgid "FromIterator"
|
|
msgstr "FromIterator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:144
|
|
msgid "From and Into"
|
|
msgstr "From과 Into"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:145
|
|
msgid "Read and Write"
|
|
msgstr "Read와 Write"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:146
|
|
msgid "Drop"
|
|
msgstr "Drop"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:147
|
|
msgid "Default"
|
|
msgstr "Default"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:148
|
|
msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..."
|
|
msgstr "연산자: Add, Mul, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:149
|
|
msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce"
|
|
msgstr "클로저: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:151 src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "A Simple GUI Library"
|
|
msgstr "간단한 GUI 라이브러리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:153
|
|
msgid "Day 3: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "3일차 오후"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:155 src/error-handling.md:1
|
|
msgid "Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "오류처리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:156 src/error-handling/panics.md:1
|
|
msgid "Panics"
|
|
msgstr "패닉"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:157
|
|
msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding"
|
|
msgstr "스택 되감기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:158
|
|
msgid "Structured Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "구조화된 오류처리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:159
|
|
msgid "Propagating Errors with ?"
|
|
msgstr "'?'를 이용한 오류 전파"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:160 src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1
|
|
msgid "Converting Error Types"
|
|
msgstr "오류타입 변환"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:162 src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1
|
|
msgid "Deriving Error Enums"
|
|
msgstr "또다른 오류 열거형"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:163 src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1
|
|
msgid "Dynamic Error Types"
|
|
msgstr "동적인 에러 타입"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:164 src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1
|
|
msgid "Adding Context to Errors"
|
|
msgstr "오류에 상황정보 추가"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:165 src/testing.md:1
|
|
msgid "Testing"
|
|
msgstr "테스트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:166 src/testing/unit-tests.md:1
|
|
msgid "Unit Tests"
|
|
msgstr "단위 테스트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:167 src/testing/test-modules.md:1
|
|
msgid "Test Modules"
|
|
msgstr "테스트 모듈"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:168 src/testing/doc-tests.md:1
|
|
msgid "Documentation Tests"
|
|
msgstr "문서화주석 테스트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:169 src/testing/integration-tests.md:1
|
|
msgid "Integration Tests"
|
|
msgstr "통합 테스트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:170 src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1
|
|
msgid "Useful crates"
|
|
msgstr "유용한 크레이트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:171 src/unsafe.md:1
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust"
|
|
msgstr "안전하지 않은 러스트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:172 src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1
|
|
msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
|
|
msgstr "원시 포인터 역참조(따라가기)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:173 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1
|
|
msgid "Mutable Static Variables"
|
|
msgstr "정적 가변 변수"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:174 src/unsafe/unions.md:1
|
|
msgid "Unions"
|
|
msgstr "Unions"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:175 src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1
|
|
msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "안전하지 않은 함수 호출"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:176 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1
|
|
msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "안전하지 않은 함수 작성하기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:177
|
|
msgid "Extern Functions"
|
|
msgstr "외부(다른언어) 함수들"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:178 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "안전하지 않은 트레잇 구현하기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:180 src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "FFI래퍼"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:183 src/SUMMARY.md:253
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16 src/bare-metal/android.md:1
|
|
msgid "Android"
|
|
msgstr "안드로이드"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:188 src/android/setup.md:1
|
|
msgid "Setup"
|
|
msgstr "설치"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:189 src/android/build-rules.md:1
|
|
msgid "Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr "빌드 규칙"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:190
|
|
msgid "Binary"
|
|
msgstr "바이너리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:191
|
|
msgid "Library"
|
|
msgstr "라이브러리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:192 src/android/aidl.md:1
|
|
msgid "AIDL"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:193
|
|
msgid "Interface"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL 인터페이스"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:194
|
|
msgid "Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "서비스 구현"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:195
|
|
msgid "Server"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL 서버"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:196 src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1
|
|
msgid "Deploy"
|
|
msgstr "배포"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:197
|
|
msgid "Client"
|
|
msgstr "클라이언트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:198 src/android/aidl/changing.md:1
|
|
msgid "Changing API"
|
|
msgstr "API 수정"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:199 src/SUMMARY.md:243 src/android/logging.md:1
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1
|
|
msgid "Logging"
|
|
msgstr "로깅"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:200 src/android/interoperability.md:1
|
|
msgid "Interoperability"
|
|
msgstr "상호운용성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:201
|
|
msgid "With C"
|
|
msgstr "C와의 상호운용성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:202
|
|
msgid "Calling C with Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "Bindgen을 사용한 C호출"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:203
|
|
msgid "Calling Rust from C"
|
|
msgstr "C에서 러스트 호출"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1
|
|
msgid "With C++"
|
|
msgstr "C++와의 상호운용성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:205
|
|
msgid "With Java"
|
|
msgstr "Java와의 상호운용성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:209
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Bare Metal 오전"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:214
|
|
msgid "no_std"
|
|
msgstr "no_std"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:215
|
|
msgid "A Minimal Example"
|
|
msgstr "작은 예제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:216
|
|
msgid "alloc"
|
|
msgstr "alloc"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:217 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1
|
|
msgid "Microcontrollers"
|
|
msgstr "마이크로컨트롤러"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:218 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1
|
|
msgid "Raw MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "원시 MMIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:219
|
|
msgid "PACs"
|
|
msgstr "PAC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:220
|
|
msgid "HAL Crates"
|
|
msgstr "HAL 크레이트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:221
|
|
msgid "Board Support Crates"
|
|
msgstr "보드 지원 크레이트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:222
|
|
msgid "The Type State Pattern"
|
|
msgstr "Type State 패턴"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:223
|
|
msgid "embedded-hal"
|
|
msgstr "embedded-hal"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:224
|
|
msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
|
|
msgstr "progo-rs, cargo-embed"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:225 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1
|
|
msgid "Debugging"
|
|
msgstr "디버깅"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:226 src/SUMMARY.md:246
|
|
msgid "Other Projects"
|
|
msgstr "다른 프로젝트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:228 src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "Compass"
|
|
msgstr "나침반"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:230
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Bare Metal 오후"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:232
|
|
msgid "Application Processors"
|
|
msgstr "애플리케이션 프로세서"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:233 src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:1
|
|
msgid "Getting Ready to Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Rust 수행 준비"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:234
|
|
msgid "Inline Assembly"
|
|
msgstr "인라인 어셈블리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:235
|
|
msgid "MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "MMIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:236
|
|
msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr "UART 드라이버 작성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:237
|
|
msgid "More Traits"
|
|
msgstr "더 많은 트레잇"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:238
|
|
msgid "A Better UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr "더 나은 UART 드라이버"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:239 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1
|
|
msgid "Bitflags"
|
|
msgstr "비트플래그"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:240
|
|
msgid "Multiple Registers"
|
|
msgstr "더 많은 레지스터"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:241 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1
|
|
msgid "Driver"
|
|
msgstr "드라이버"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:242 src/SUMMARY.md:244
|
|
msgid "Using It"
|
|
msgstr "사용해 보기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:245 src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:1
|
|
msgid "Exceptions"
|
|
msgstr "예외"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:247
|
|
msgid "Useful Crates"
|
|
msgstr "유용한 크레이트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:248
|
|
msgid "zerocopy"
|
|
msgstr "zerocopy"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:249
|
|
msgid "aarch64-paging"
|
|
msgstr "aarch64-paging"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:250
|
|
msgid "buddy_system_allocator"
|
|
msgstr "buddy_system_allocator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:251
|
|
msgid "tinyvec"
|
|
msgstr "tinyvec"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:252
|
|
msgid "spin"
|
|
msgstr "회전"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:254 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1
|
|
msgid "vmbase"
|
|
msgstr "vmbase"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:256
|
|
msgid "RTC Driver"
|
|
msgstr "RTC 드라이버"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:259
|
|
msgid "Concurrency: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "동시성 오전"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:264 src/concurrency/threads.md:1
|
|
msgid "Threads"
|
|
msgstr "스레드"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:265 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1
|
|
msgid "Scoped Threads"
|
|
msgstr "범위 스레드(Scoped Threads)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:266 src/concurrency/channels.md:1
|
|
msgid "Channels"
|
|
msgstr "채널"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:267 src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1
|
|
msgid "Unbounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "무경계 채널"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:268 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1
|
|
msgid "Bounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "경계 채널"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:269
|
|
msgid "Send and Sync"
|
|
msgstr "Send와 Sync"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:269
|
|
msgid "Send"
|
|
msgstr "Send"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:269
|
|
msgid "Sync"
|
|
msgstr "Sync"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:272 src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1
|
|
msgid "Examples"
|
|
msgstr "예제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:273 src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1
|
|
msgid "Shared State"
|
|
msgstr "상태 공유"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:274
|
|
msgid "Arc"
|
|
msgstr "Arc"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:275
|
|
msgid "Mutex"
|
|
msgstr "Mutex"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:278 src/SUMMARY.md:299
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "Dining Philosophers"
|
|
msgstr "식사하는 철학자들"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:279 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1
|
|
msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "멀티스레드 링크 검사기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:281
|
|
msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "동시성 오후"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:283
|
|
msgid "Async Basics"
|
|
msgstr "비동기 관련 기본사항"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:284
|
|
msgid "async/await"
|
|
msgstr "async/await"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:285 src/async/futures.md:1
|
|
msgid "Futures"
|
|
msgstr "Future"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:286 src/async/runtimes.md:1
|
|
msgid "Runtimes"
|
|
msgstr "비동기 런타임들"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:287 src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1
|
|
msgid "Tokio"
|
|
msgstr "Tokio"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:288 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:126
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:140 src/async/tasks.md:1
|
|
msgid "Tasks"
|
|
msgstr "태스크"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:289 src/async/channels.md:1
|
|
msgid "Async Channels"
|
|
msgstr "비동기 채널"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:291 src/async/control-flow/join.md:1
|
|
msgid "Join"
|
|
msgstr "Join"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:292 src/async/control-flow/select.md:1
|
|
msgid "Select"
|
|
msgstr "Select"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:293
|
|
msgid "Pitfalls"
|
|
msgstr "함정"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:294
|
|
msgid "Blocking the Executor"
|
|
msgstr "Executor 블로킹 하기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:295 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1
|
|
msgid "Pin"
|
|
msgstr "Pin"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:296 src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "Async Traits"
|
|
msgstr "비동기 트레잇"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:297 src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:1
|
|
msgid "Cancellation"
|
|
msgstr "취소"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:300 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:119
|
|
msgid "Broadcast Chat Application"
|
|
msgstr "채팅 애플리케이션"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:303
|
|
msgid "Final Words"
|
|
msgstr "끝으로..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:307 src/thanks.md:1
|
|
msgid "Thanks!"
|
|
msgstr "감사인사"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:308
|
|
msgid "Other Resources"
|
|
msgstr "러스트 참고 자료"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:309 src/credits.md:1
|
|
msgid "Credits"
|
|
msgstr "도와주신 분들"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:312 src/exercises/solutions.md:1
|
|
msgid "Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "해답"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:317
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Morning"
|
|
msgstr "1일차 오전"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:318
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "1일차 오후"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:319
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Morning"
|
|
msgstr "2일차 오전"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:320
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "2일차 오후"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:321
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Morning"
|
|
msgstr "3일차 오전"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:322
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "3일차 오후"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:323
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Bare Metal 오전"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:324 src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "전Bare Metal 오후"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:325
|
|
msgid "Concurrency Morning"
|
|
msgstr "동시성 오전"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:326
|
|
msgid "Concurrency Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "동시성 오후"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:3
|
|
msgid "Build workflow"
|
|
msgstr "빌드 워크플로"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!"
|
|
"[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!"
|
|
"[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:4
|
|
msgid "GitHub contributors"
|
|
msgstr "GitHub 참여자"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:4
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields."
|
|
"io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github."
|
|
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields."
|
|
"io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github."
|
|
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:5
|
|
msgid "GitHub stars"
|
|
msgstr "GitHub stars"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"stargazers)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"stargazers)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The "
|
|
"course covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced "
|
|
"topics like generics and error handling."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 강의는 무료이며, Google의 Android 팀이 만들었습니다. 기본 문법부터 제네"
|
|
"릭, 에러 핸들링과 같은 고급주제까지 러스트의 모든 것을 포함합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know "
|
|
"anything about Rust and hope to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"강의는 당신이 러스트에 대해서 아무것도 모른다고 가정하고 아래의 목표를 가지"
|
|
"고 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:14
|
|
msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language."
|
|
msgstr "러스트 구문과 언어에 대한 포괄적인 이해를 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:15
|
|
msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust."
|
|
msgstr "기존 프로그램을 수정하고 러스트에서 새 프로그램을 작성할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:16
|
|
msgid "Show you common Rust idioms."
|
|
msgstr "일반적인 러스트 관용구를 보여줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:18
|
|
msgid "We call the first three course days Rust Fundamentals."
|
|
msgstr "강의의 첫 3일 동안에는 Rust의 기초를 다집니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:"
|
|
msgstr "그 후에는, 아래와 같은 개별 주제를 심화해서 공부할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform "
|
|
"development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): Android 플랫폼 개발(AOSP) 시 Rust 사용에 관한 반나절 "
|
|
"과정입니다. 여기에는 C, C++, Java와의 상호 운용성이 포함됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal "
|
|
"(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are "
|
|
"covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): bare-metal(임베디드) 개발 시 Rust 사용에 관한 종"
|
|
"일 과정입니다. 마이크로컨트롤러와 애플리케이션 프로세서를 모두 다룹니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Concurrency](concurrency.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in Rust. We "
|
|
"cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and "
|
|
"mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using "
|
|
"futures)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[동시성](concurrency.md): Rust의 동시성에 관한 종일 과정입니다. 여기서는 고전"
|
|
"적인 동시성(스레드와 뮤텍스를 사용하여 선점형 스케줄링을 하는 것)과 async/"
|
|
"await 동시성(future를 사용하는 협력적인 멀티태스킹)을 모두 다룹니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:33
|
|
msgid "Non-Goals"
|
|
msgstr "제외사항"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few "
|
|
"days. Some non-goals of this course are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 며칠만에 모든 것을 다루기에는 너무 큰 언어입니다. 그래서 아래와 같은"
|
|
"것을 목표로 하지 않습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by Example]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"매크로 만들기: 매크로와 관련한 자세한 내용은 [러스트 프로그래밍 언어, 19.1절]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html)과 [Rustonomicon]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)를 참조하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:42
|
|
msgid "Assumptions"
|
|
msgstr "독자 수준에 대한 가정"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a "
|
|
"statically-typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and "
|
|
"C++ to better explain or contrast the Rust approach."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"본 강의는 여러분이 프로그래밍 자체에 대해서는 알고 있다고 가정합니다. 러스트"
|
|
"는 정적타입 언어이며, 강좌에서는 C/C++ 와의 비교, 대조를 통해 러스트를 설명"
|
|
"할 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or "
|
|
"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"C/C++을 모르더라도 동적 타입 언어(Python이나 JavaScript 등) 프로그래밍 경험"
|
|
"이 있다면 따라오는데 큰 문제는 없을 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional "
|
|
"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor "
|
|
"should cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이것은 \"발표자 노트\"의 예제입니다. 이 부분을 이용해서 추가 정보를 제공합니"
|
|
"다. 주로 강의실에서 제기되는 일반적인 질문에 대한 답변과 강사가 다루어야 할 "
|
|
"키 포인트일 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3
|
|
msgid "This page is for the course instructor."
|
|
msgstr "강사를 위한 안내 페이지입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the "
|
|
"course internally at Google."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"다음은 구글 내부에서 이 과정을 어떤식으로 운영해왔는지에 대한 배경 정보입니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:8
|
|
msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:"
|
|
msgstr "강의를 실행하기 위한 준비:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker "
|
|
"notes to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more "
|
|
"speaker notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker "
|
|
"notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker "
|
|
"Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"강의 자료를 숙지합니다. 주요 요점을 강조하기 위해 강의 참조 노트를 포함하였습"
|
|
"니다. (추가적인 노트를 작성하여 제공해 주시면 감사하겠습니다.) 강의 참조 노트"
|
|
"의 링크를 누르면 별도의 팝업으로 분리가 되며, 메인 화면에서는 사라집니다. 깔"
|
|
"끔한 화면으로 강의를 진행할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Decide on the dates. Since the course takes at least three full days, we "
|
|
"recommend that you schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants "
|
|
"have said that they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it "
|
|
"helps them process all the information we give them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"강의 날짜를 정합니다. 최소 3일에 걸쳐서 진행이 되기 때문에, 두 주에 걸쳐서 스"
|
|
"케줄을 잡는 것을 권합니다. 기존 강의 수강생들의 피드백에 따르면, 연달아서 강"
|
|
"의를 진행하는 것 보다, 강의를 띄엄띄엄 하는 것이 강의 내용을 소화하는데 더 도"
|
|
"움이 되었다고 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a "
|
|
"class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable "
|
|
"asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have "
|
|
"time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself "
|
|
"and for the students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your "
|
|
"laptops. In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an "
|
|
"instructor, so a lectern won't be very helpful for you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"충분한 공간을 확보합니다. 15에서 20명 규모의 공간을 추천합니다. 수강생과 강사"
|
|
"가 질의를 하기에 충분한 시간과 공간이어야 합니다. 강사나 수강생 모두 \\_책상_"
|
|
"을 사용할 수 있는 강의실이면 좋습니다. 강의 중에 강사가 라이브 코딩을 하게 "
|
|
"될 경우가 많으며, 이때 자리에 앉아 노트북을 사용하는 것이 도움이 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things "
|
|
"up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your "
|
|
"laptop (see the [installation instructions](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust#building)). This ensures optimal performance with no lag "
|
|
"as you change pages. Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as "
|
|
"you or the course participants spot them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"강의 당일 조금 일찍 와서 준비합니다. 강사 노트북에서 `mdbook serve`를 이용해 "
|
|
"직접 프레젠테이션 하면 페이지 이동 시의 지연이 없습니다.([설치 방법](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust#building)을 참조하세요.) 또한, 그렇게 하"
|
|
"면 강의 도중 오타를 발견했을 때 그 자리에서 바로 수정 가능하다는 장점도 있습"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We "
|
|
"typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the "
|
|
"afternoon (including time to review the solutions). Make sure to ask people "
|
|
"if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When you see "
|
|
"that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class and "
|
|
"offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant "
|
|
"information in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"수강생들이 직접 (개별 혹은 그룹으로) 연습문제를 풀도록 합니다. 대체로 오전, "
|
|
"오후에 각각 30-45분 정도를 연습문제에 할당합니다 (이는 해답을 보고 설명하는 "
|
|
"시간까지 포함합니다). 막혀 도움을 필요로 하는 수강생이 없는지 수시로 확인합니"
|
|
"다. 만약 같은 문제를 여러 사람이 겪고 있다면, 그 문제를 강의실 전체 인원에게 "
|
|
"알리고 해결책을 제시합니다. 예를 들어 표준 라이브러리 어디에 가면 그 문제에 "
|
|
"대한 해답을 찾을 수 있는지 알려 줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun "
|
|
"for you as it has been for us!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이제 준비는 끝났습니다. 우리가 그랬듯이 여러분들도 이 강의를 즐기시길 바랍니"
|
|
"다!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We "
|
|
"would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made better. "
|
|
"Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"강의를 계속 개선할 수 있도록 [피드백](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/discussions/86)을 제공해 주십시오. 우리는 무엇이 좋았고, "
|
|
"무엇이 모자랐는지 듣고 싶습니다. 수강생들로 부터의 [피드백](https://github."
|
|
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)도 환영합니다!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5
|
|
msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:"
|
|
msgstr "강의는 빠른 속도로 진행되며, 아래 내용들을 다룹니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7
|
|
msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker."
|
|
msgstr "1일차: 러스트 기본, 소유권(ownership)과 빌림(borrow) 체크."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:8
|
|
msgid "Day 2: Compound data types, pattern matching, the standard library."
|
|
msgstr "2일차: 복합 데이터 유형, 패턴 매칭, 표준 라이브러리."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:9
|
|
msgid "Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"3일차: 트레잇(trait)와 제네릭(generic), 오류 처리, 테스트, 안전하지 않은 러스"
|
|
"트."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11
|
|
msgid "Deep Dives"
|
|
msgstr "심화 학습"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition to the 3-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more "
|
|
"specialized topics:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust 기초에 관한 3일 과정 이후에는, 다음과 같은 전문 주제를 다룹니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) is a half-day course on using Rust "
|
|
"for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with C, C+"
|
|
"+, and Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Android 심화 학습](../android.md)는 Android 플랫폼 개발 시 Rust 사용에 관한 "
|
|
"반나절 과정입니다. 여기에는 C, C++, Java와의 상호 운용성이 포함됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
|
|
"download/downloading). Make a checkout of the [course repository](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) on the same machine and move the `src/"
|
|
"android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure "
|
|
"that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[AOSP 코드](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download/downloading)를 여"
|
|
"러분의 컴퓨터에 체크아웃해야 합니다. 그런 다음, 그 컴퓨터에서 [과정 저장소]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust)를 체크아웃하고 `src/android/` "
|
|
"디렉터리를 AOSP 코드의 루트로 이동합니다. 이렇게 하면 안드로이드 빌드 시스템"
|
|
"에서 과제용으로 추가된 `Android.bp`파일을 인식할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build "
|
|
"all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to "
|
|
"see the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`adb sync` 명렁어가 에뮬레이터 혹은 실제 장치와 작동하는지 확인합니다. 그리"
|
|
"고 `src/android/build_all.sh`를 수행해서 모든 안드로이드 예제를 미리 빌드해 "
|
|
"보세요. 그 쉘 스크립트를 읽고, 그 안에서 수행되는 명령어들을 확인한 후 각 명"
|
|
"령어들을 수동으로 실행해도 잘 되는지 확인하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34
|
|
msgid "Bare-Metal"
|
|
msgstr "Bare-Metal"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md): a full day class on using Rust "
|
|
"for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application "
|
|
"processors are covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Bare-Metal 심화 학습](../bare-metal.md): bare-metal(임베디드) 개발 시 Rust "
|
|
"사용에 관한 종일 과정입니다. 마이크로컨트롤러와 애플리케이션 프로세서를 모두 "
|
|
"다룹니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit]"
|
|
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will "
|
|
"need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome page](../"
|
|
"bare-metal.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"마이크로컨트롤러 파트를 진행하기 위해서는 [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit."
|
|
"org/) v2 개발 보드를 미리 구매해야 합니다. 모든 사용자는 [시작 페이지](../"
|
|
"bare-metal.md)에 설명된 대로 각종 패키지를 설치해야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45
|
|
msgid "Concurrency"
|
|
msgstr "동시성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Concurrency Deep Dive](../concurrency.md) is a full day class on "
|
|
"classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[동시성 심화학습](../concurrency.md)은 고전적인 동시성 및 `async`/`await` 동"
|
|
"시성을 다루는 종일 과정입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready "
|
|
"to go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment "
|
|
"with them:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"새 크레이트를 설정하고 몇 가지 의존성을 다운로드해 두어야 합니다. 그런 다음 "
|
|
"예제를 `src/main.rs`에 복사/붙여넣기 하여 테스트 해 볼 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"cargo init concurrency\n"
|
|
"cd concurrency\n"
|
|
"cargo add tokio --features full\n"
|
|
"cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"cargo init concurrency\n"
|
|
"cd concurrency\n"
|
|
"cargo add tokio --features full\n"
|
|
"cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61
|
|
msgid "Format"
|
|
msgstr "강의 형식"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the "
|
|
"questions drive the exploration of Rust!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 강의는 강사와 수강생이 양방향으로 소통하면서 진행하도록 디자인 되었습니"
|
|
"다. 다양한 질문을 통해 러스트의 여러 부분을 탐험할 수 있도록 하세요!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3
|
|
msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:"
|
|
msgstr "다음은, mdBook 시스템(현 사이트)에서 유용한 단축키들 입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
|
|
msgid "Arrow-Left"
|
|
msgstr "왼쪽 화살표"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
|
|
msgid ": Navigate to the previous page."
|
|
msgstr ": 이전 페이지로 이동합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6
|
|
msgid "Arrow-Right"
|
|
msgstr "오른쪽 화살표"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6
|
|
msgid ": Navigate to the next page."
|
|
msgstr ": 다음 페이지로 이동합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
|
|
msgid "Ctrl + Enter"
|
|
msgstr "Ctrl + Enter"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7
|
|
msgid ": Execute the code sample that has focus."
|
|
msgstr ": 현재 포커스를 받은 코드 샘플 블록을 실행합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8
|
|
msgid "s"
|
|
msgstr "s"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8
|
|
msgid ": Activate the search bar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
": 검색창을 활성화합니다.(mdBook 문제로 23.01.19 기준 영어로만 가능합니다.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful "
|
|
"volunteers:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 과정은 다른 언어로도 제공됩니다. 괄호 안은 번역에 도움 주신 분들입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) "
|
|
"by [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github."
|
|
"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) and "
|
|
"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[브라질 포르투갈어](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/): "
|
|
"[@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github."
|
|
"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) 그리고 "
|
|
"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)가 제공."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) and "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[한국어](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/): [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) 그리고 "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)가 제공."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages."
|
|
msgstr "페이지 오른쪽 위의 메뉴를 통해 다른 언어로 전환할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11
|
|
msgid "Incomplete Translations"
|
|
msgstr "번역 문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most "
|
|
"recently updated translations:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"진행 중인 번역이 많습니다. 최근에 업데이트된 번역본으로 연결되는 링크는 다음"
|
|
"과 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/raselmandol)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[벵갈어](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/): [@raselmandol]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/raselmandol) 제공."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/KookaS) and [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[프랑스어](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/): [@KookaS]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/KookaS) 및 [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen) 제공."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[독일어](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/): [@Throvn](https://"
|
|
"github.com/Throvn) 및 [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw) 제공."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) and [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/"
|
|
"momotaro1105)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[일본어](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/): [@CoinEZ-JPN]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) 및 [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/"
|
|
"momotaro1105) 제공."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to "
|
|
"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 과정의 번역 작업에 도움을 주고 싶다면 [여기](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) 설명된 내용을 참고하세요. 진행 "
|
|
"중인 번역 작업에 대한 내용은 [이슈 트래커](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/issues/282)를 참고하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build "
|
|
"and run Rust applications. Here we want to give a brief overview of what "
|
|
"Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem and how it fits into this "
|
|
"training."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트를 시작하려고하면 당신은 곧 [Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)라"
|
|
"는, 러스트 생태계에서 사용하는 표준 빌드/실행 도구를 만날 것 입니다. 여기서"
|
|
"는 카고가 무엇인지, 그리고 카고가 러스트 생태계에서 어떤 역할을 하는지, 그리"
|
|
"고 이 강의에서 어떻게 사용될 지에 대해 간략히 설명하겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:8
|
|
msgid "Installation"
|
|
msgstr "설치하기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:10
|
|
msgid "**Please follow the instructions on <https://rustup.rs/>.**"
|
|
msgstr "**<https://rustup.rs/>의 설치 방법을 따르세요.**"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler "
|
|
"(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can "
|
|
"use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross compilation, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 설치 방법을 따르면, 빌드 시스템인 카고(`cargo`)와 러스트 컴파일러(`rustc`)"
|
|
"가 설치됩니다. 이와 함께, `rustup`도 설치되는데 이 툴은 툴체인을 설치하고, 다"
|
|
"른 툴체인으로 전환하고, 크로스 컴파일 설정을 하는 일을 담당하는 커맨드 라인 "
|
|
"유틸리티 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust "
|
|
"formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) via `apt`. However, this "
|
|
"gets you an outdated rust version and may lead to unexpected behavior. The "
|
|
"command would be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"데비안/우분투 시스템에서는 `apt`를 이용해서 카고, 러스트 소스, [러스트 포매"
|
|
"터](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt)를 설치할 수 있습니다. 그러나 이 방"
|
|
"법을 따를 경우 최신 버전이 아닌 러스트를 사용게되며, 그 결과 예상치 못한 문제"
|
|
"를 겪을 수도 있습니다. 설치 명령어는 아래와 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
" sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the code "
|
|
"(but any LSP compatible editor works with rust-analyzer[3](https://rust-"
|
|
"analyzer.github.io/))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"우리는 코드 에디터로 [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/)를 추천합니다. "
|
|
"그러나 LSP를 지원하는 (그래서 rust-analyzer[3](https://rust-analyzer.github."
|
|
"io/)와 연동이 가능한) 에디터라면 어떤 것이라도 괜찮습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/"
|
|
"clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own "
|
|
"tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://www."
|
|
"jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging "
|
|
"only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"어떤 사람들은 [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/) 제품군을 선호하기"
|
|
"도 합니다. 이 제품들은 rust-analyzer 를 활용하지 않고 IDE 자체적으로 구문분석"
|
|
"을 합니다. 만약 이 IDE를 설치하셨다면 [Rust Plugin](https://www.jetbrains."
|
|
"com/rust/)를 설치하시기 바랍니다. 다만 2023년 1월 기준, 디버깅은 JetBrains "
|
|
"IDEA suite의 CLion 버전에서만 작동한다는 점에 유의하시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1
|
|
msgid "The Rust Ecosystem"
|
|
msgstr "러스트 생태계"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 생태계는 여러가지 도구들로 구성되어 있으며, 그 중 중요한 것들은 아래"
|
|
"와 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other "
|
|
"intermediate formats."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`rustc`: `.rs` 확장자 파일을 바이너리 혹은 다른 중간 형식으로 변환해주는 "
|
|
"Rust 컴파일러입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to "
|
|
"download dependencies, usually hosted on <https://crates.io>, and it will "
|
|
"pass them to `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a "
|
|
"built-in test runner which is used to execute unit tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`cargo`: 러스트 의존성 관리자이자 빌드 시스템 입니다. 여러분의 프로젝트에 명"
|
|
"시된 의존성들을 <https://crates.io>에서 자동으로 다운로드 받고, 그 소스코드"
|
|
"를 `rustc`로 전달하여 빌드를 시킵니다. 또한 유닛 테스트를 실행하는 테스트 러"
|
|
"너를 내장하고 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to "
|
|
"install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is "
|
|
"released. In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the "
|
|
"standard library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once "
|
|
"and `rustup` will let you switch between them as needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`rustup`: 러스트 툴체인 설치 프로그램이자 업데이트 프로그램 입니다. 이 도구"
|
|
"는 새 버전의 러스트가 출시될 때 `rustc` 및 `cargo` 설치하고 업데이트하는 데 "
|
|
"사용됩니다. 또한 `rustup`은 표준 라이브러리에 대한 문서를 다운로드할 수도 있"
|
|
"습니다. 한 번에 여러 버전의 러스트를 설치할 수 있으며 `rustup`을 이용해서 실"
|
|
"제로 사용할 버전을 변경할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:23
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25
|
|
msgid "Key points:"
|
|
msgstr "키 포인트:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six "
|
|
"weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- "
|
|
"plus they enable new functionality."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 6주마다 새로운 릴리즈가 발표되며 이전 릴리즈와의 호환성을 유지하고 "
|
|
"있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"릴리즈는 3가지 버전으로 제공됩니다: \"stable\", \"beta\" 그리고 \"nightly\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes "
|
|
"\"stable\" every six weeks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"새로운 기능은 \"nightly\" -> \"beta\" -(6주 후)-> \"stable\" 로 변경됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"의존성은 다양한 [저장소](registries), git 프로젝트, 디렉터리 등에서 제공될 "
|
|
"수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the "
|
|
"current edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 [에디션](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/)으로 구분됩니다. "
|
|
"현재는 Rust 2021 에디션입니다. 이 전 에디션으로 Rust 2015와 Rust 2018이 있습"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the "
|
|
"language."
|
|
msgstr "에디션은 이전 에디션과 호환이 되지 않을 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for "
|
|
"your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"에디션이 바뀌면서 프로그램이 의도치 않게 깨지는 문제를 막기 위해, 각 프로그램"
|
|
"은 자신이 빌드될 에디션을 명시적으로 `Cargo.toml`에 지정해야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for "
|
|
"different editions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트 생태계가 에디션 별로 파편회 되는 것을 막기 위해, 러스트 컴파일러는 서"
|
|
"로 다른 에디션에서 작성된 코드들을 하나의 바이너리로 묶을 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through "
|
|
"`cargo` (most users never do)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`cargo`를 사용하지 않고 컴파일러를 직접 사용하는 경우는 거의 없음을 언급해 주"
|
|
"시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and "
|
|
"comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but "
|
|
"not limited to: "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"카고 자체가 매우 강력하고 포괄적인 도구임을 적극적으로 알리세요. 카고는 다음"
|
|
"과 같은 다양한 고급 기능을 제공합니다: "
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:49
|
|
msgid "Project/package structure"
|
|
msgstr "프로젝트/패키지 구조화"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:50
|
|
msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[워크스페이스](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:51
|
|
msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching"
|
|
msgstr "개발/런타임 종속성 관리 및 캐싱"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts."
|
|
"html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[빌드 스크립트](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install."
|
|
"html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[전역 설치](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo "
|
|
"clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[cargo clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy)와 같은 하위 플러그인"
|
|
"으로 확장 가능."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[공식 Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)에서 자세한 사항을 확인하"
|
|
"시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1
|
|
msgid "Code Samples in This Training"
|
|
msgstr "강의에서의 코드 샘플"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples "
|
|
"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier "
|
|
"and ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 강의자료에 있는 모든 예제는 브라우저에서 바로 수행 가능합니다. 이렇게 한 "
|
|
"이유는, 준비 과정을 단순화 시키고, 모두가 같은 환경에서 작업할 수 있도록 하"
|
|
"기 위함입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do "
|
|
"the exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you "
|
|
"how to work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"그럼에도 불구하고, 카고(cargo)를 직접 설치하는 것을 강력 권장합니다. 이게 과"
|
|
"제 작성에 더 도움이 될겁니다. 또한, 마지막 날에는 의존성이 있는 예제를 작업하"
|
|
"게 될 텐데, 그 때에는 어차피 카고가 필요합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11
|
|
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
|
|
msgstr "이 강의 자료의 코드 블록들은 전부 인터엑티브 합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
|
|
msgid "You can use "
|
|
msgstr "코드 블록에 포커스를 두고 "
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
|
|
msgid " to execute the code when focus is in the text box."
|
|
msgstr " 를 눌러 실행해 볼 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not "
|
|
"editable for various reasons:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"강의에서 대부분의 코드 샘플은 위와 같이 수정할수 있지만 일부 코드는 다음과 같"
|
|
"은 이유로 수정할 수 없습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and "
|
|
"open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"유닛 테스트는 내장 플레이그라운드에서 실행이 안됩니다. 외부 플레이그라운드 사"
|
|
"이트에 붙여넣어 테스트를 실행하시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from "
|
|
"the page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises "
|
|
"using a local Rust installation or via the Playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"내장된 플레이그라운드에서는 페이지 이동시 작성된 모든 내용이 사라집니다. 따라"
|
|
"서 로컬 환경이나 외부 플레이그라운드 사이트에서 연습문제를 해결하는 것이 좋습"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1
|
|
msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo"
|
|
msgstr "로컬 환경의 카고"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will "
|
|
"need to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the "
|
|
"Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). This "
|
|
"should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of writing, the "
|
|
"latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"만약 개인용 컴퓨터에서 코드를 실행해보려면 먼저 러스트를 설치해야 합니다. "
|
|
"[Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html)의 지침"
|
|
"에 따라 `rustc`와 `cargo`를 함께 설치 하시기 바랍니다. 설치 후 아래 커맨드를 "
|
|
"통해 각 툴의 버전을 확인 할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"% rustc --version\n"
|
|
"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n"
|
|
"% cargo --version\n"
|
|
"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"% rustc --version\n"
|
|
"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n"
|
|
"% cargo --version\n"
|
|
"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards "
|
|
"compatibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 버전보다 더 최신의 버전이어도 상관 없습니다. 러스트는 하위 호환성을 지원합"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of "
|
|
"the examples in this training:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"정상적으로 설치가 되었으면, 강의 예제중 하나를 러스트 바이너리로 빌드해 봅시"
|
|
"다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:20
|
|
msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy."
|
|
msgstr "예시 블록에 있는 \"Copy to clipboard\" 버튼을 클릭해서 복사합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"터미널에서 `cargo new exercise`를 입력해서 새로운 `exercise/` 폴더를 만듭니"
|
|
"다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo new exercise\n"
|
|
" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo new exercise\n"
|
|
" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:"
|
|
msgstr "`exercise/` 폴더로 이동한 후, `cargo run` 커맨드로 코드를 실행합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cd exercise\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
|
|
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
"Hello, world!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cd exercise\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
|
|
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
"Hello, world!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For "
|
|
"example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`src/main.rs`에 코드를 작성합니다. 예를 들어 이전 페이지의 소스를 아래와 같"
|
|
"이 `src/main.rs`에 작성합니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:49
|
|
msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:"
|
|
msgstr "`cargo run`커맨드로 소스를 빌드하고 실행합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
|
|
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
"Edit me!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
|
|
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
"Edit me!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo "
|
|
"build` to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/"
|
|
"debug/` for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an "
|
|
"optimized release build in `target/release/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`cargo check`커맨드는 빠르게 에러를 확인할 수 있습니다. `cargo build`는 실행"
|
|
"없이 컴파일만 합니다. 이 경우에 `target/debug/`폴더에서 output을 확인 할 수 "
|
|
"있습니다. `cargo build --release`커맨드는 릴리즈 버전용 최적화를 켜서 컴파일"
|
|
"하며 `target/release/`폴더에서 확인 할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you "
|
|
"run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing "
|
|
"dependencies for you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Cargo.toml`파일에는 의존성 패키지를 추가할 수 있습니다. `cargo`커맨드를 실행"
|
|
"하면 자동으로 의존성 패키지를 다운로드하고 컴파일 까지 해 줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local "
|
|
"editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal "
|
|
"development environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"수강생들이 카고를 설치하고 로컬 편집기를 이용하도록 독려하세요. 조금 귀찮을 "
|
|
"수도 있지만, 이렇게 해야만 좀 더 실제와 가까운 개발환경을 갖추게 되는 것입니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 1"
|
|
msgstr "1일차 개요"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground "
|
|
"today:"
|
|
msgstr "강의 첫 날입니다. 오늘 배울 것이 참 많습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, "
|
|
"references, functions, and methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트 기본 문법: 변수, 스칼라 / 복합 타입, 열거형, 구조체, 참조형, 함수와 메"
|
|
"서드."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based "
|
|
"memory management, and garbage collection."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"메모리 관리: 스택과 힙, 수동 메모리 관리, 스코프(범위)기반 메모리 관리, 가비"
|
|
"지 컬렉션(GC)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
|
|
msgstr "소유권: Move 문법, 복사와 복제, 빌림, 수명."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16
|
|
msgid "Please remind the students that:"
|
|
msgstr "학생들에게 다음을 상기시켜 주시기 바랍니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end."
|
|
msgstr "궁금한 점이 있으면 주저하지 말고 질문 해야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much "
|
|
"encouraged!"
|
|
msgstr "이 수업은 상호작용이 요합니다. 토론을 망설이지 마세요!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., "
|
|
"keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other "
|
|
"language. It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of "
|
|
"allowing discussions since they engage people much more than one-way "
|
|
"communication."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"강사로서 토론이 옆길로 새지 않게 주의하세요. 예를 들어 러스트와 다른 언어들"
|
|
"을 비교한다든지 하는 것은 좋습니다. 적절한 균형을 찾기 애매한 경우라면 토론"
|
|
"을 허용하는 쪽이 일방적인 강의보다는 더 많은 사람들의 참여를 이끌어 낼 수 있"
|
|
"습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides."
|
|
msgstr "질문이 슬라이드보다 앞서가도 괜찮습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. "
|
|
"Remember that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as "
|
|
"you like."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"학습에 있어서 반복은 매우 중요합니다. 슬라이드는 그저 도움을 줄 뿐, 원하는 대"
|
|
"로 건너띄어도 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to "
|
|
"speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a "
|
|
"major feature and we should show students this right away."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"첫 날 강의의 목표는, 러스트에서 그 유명한 빌림 확인에 대해서 이야기 할 수 있"
|
|
"을 정도 까지만 러스트를 소개하는 것입니다. 러스트의 가장 독특한 특징이 메모리"
|
|
"를 다루는 방식이기 때문에, 학생들에게 이 부분 을 우선적으로 보여주려 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the "
|
|
"schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"만약 당신이 강의실에서 가르치고 있다면, 이 슬라이드는 일정을 검토하기에 적합"
|
|
"한 곳입니다. 하루치 강의를 아래처럼 오전 오후로 나누어 진행하는 것을 추천합니"
|
|
"다. (슬라이드가 그런식으로 나뉘어 있습니다.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:36
|
|
msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,"
|
|
msgstr "오전: 9:00 ~ 12:00,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:37
|
|
msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00."
|
|
msgstr "오후: 13:00 ~ 16:00."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include "
|
|
"breaks, we recommend a break every hour!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"물론 필요에 따라 조절할 수 있습니다. 강의 중간에 쉬는시간을 넣는 것을 잊지 마"
|
|
"세요. 매 시간 휴식을 갖는걸 추천합니다!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015]"
|
|
"(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 2015년에 [버전 1.0](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0."
|
|
"html)을 릴리즈 한 새로운 프로그램 언어입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5
|
|
msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++"
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 C++와 유사한 정적 컴파일 언어입니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:6
|
|
msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend."
|
|
msgstr "`rustc`는 LLVM을 백엔드로 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 다양한 플랫폼과 아키텍쳐를 지원합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:9
|
|
msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
|
|
msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:10
|
|
msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
|
|
msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:11
|
|
msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 다양한 장치에서 사용될 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:12
|
|
msgid "firmware and boot loaders,"
|
|
msgstr "펌웨어와 부트로더(임베디드)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:13
|
|
msgid "smart displays,"
|
|
msgstr "스마트 디스플레이,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:14
|
|
msgid "mobile phones,"
|
|
msgstr "스마트폰,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:15
|
|
msgid "desktops,"
|
|
msgstr "데스크탑,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:16
|
|
msgid "servers."
|
|
msgstr "서버."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21
|
|
msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 C++가 사용되는 대부분의 곳에서 사용 가능합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23
|
|
msgid "High flexibility."
|
|
msgstr "높은 유연성."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:24
|
|
msgid "High level of control."
|
|
msgstr "높은 수준의 제어."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr "마이크로컨트롤러 같은 매우 제한된 장치로 스케일 다운 가능."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:26
|
|
msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection."
|
|
msgstr "별도의 런타임을 필요로 하지 않으며, 가비지 컬렉션도 없음."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:27
|
|
msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance."
|
|
msgstr "성능을 타협하지 않으면서도 안정성과 안전에 중점을 둠."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World "
|
|
"program:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"가장 간단한 러스트 프로그램으로써, 고전적인 Hello World 를 작성해 보겠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:12
|
|
msgid "What you see:"
|
|
msgstr "확인할 수 있는 것들:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:14
|
|
msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`."
|
|
msgstr "함수는 `fn`으로 선언합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:15
|
|
msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++."
|
|
msgstr "C/C++ 와 마찬가지로 중괄호`{}`로 블록을 표시합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:16
|
|
msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program."
|
|
msgstr "`main` 함수는 프로그램 진입점입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:17
|
|
msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 똑똑한 매크로(hygienic macros) 시스템을 가지고 있습니다. `println!`"
|
|
"는 그 예시입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:18
|
|
msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 문자열은 UTF-8로 인코딩되며 이모지와 같은 유니코드 문자를 포함할 수 "
|
|
"있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will "
|
|
"see a ton of it over the next three days so we start small with something "
|
|
"familiar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 슬라이드는 학생들이 러스트 코드에 익숙해지기 위해 작성되었습니다. 앞으로 3"
|
|
"일 동안 많은 코드를 접할 것이기 때문에 우선 친숙한 코드부터 시작합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is "
|
|
"imperative and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless absolutely necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 C/C++/Java와 같은 전통적인 다른 언어와 매우 유사합니다. 러스트는 절"
|
|
"차적 언어입니다. 정말로 필요한 경우가 아니라면, 러스트는 이미 존재하는 것을 "
|
|
"새로 구현하려고 하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:31
|
|
msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode."
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 유니코드 지원과 같은 현대 언어의 특징을 전부 지원합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of "
|
|
"arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 인자의 개수를 사전에 지정할 수 없는 상황에서 함수 [오버로딩](basic-"
|
|
"syntax/functions-interlude.md)대신 매크로를 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers "
|
|
"from the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially "
|
|
"hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"똑똑한 매크로(hygienic macro)는 매크로가 사용되는 스코프에서 의도치 않게 변수"
|
|
"를 가로채지 않습니다. 사실 러스트 매크로는 완전히 hygenic하지는 않습니다. [링"
|
|
"크](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)를 참"
|
|
"고하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented "
|
|
"programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, "
|
|
"while it is not a functional language, it includes a range of [functional "
|
|
"concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 멀티 패러다임 언어입니다. 예를 들어 강력한 [객체 지향 프로그래밍 기"
|
|
"능](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html)을 지원하기도 하며, 함수"
|
|
"형 언어로 분류되지는 않지만 폭넓은 범위의 [함수형 컨셉](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)을 지원합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3
|
|
msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트로 작성된 작은 예제입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() { // Program entry point\n"
|
|
" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n"
|
|
" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n"
|
|
" while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n"
|
|
" if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n"
|
|
" x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() { // 프로그램 진입점입니다.\n"
|
|
" let mut x: i32 = 6; // 가변 변수 할당(binding)입니다.\n"
|
|
" print!(\"{x}\"); // printf와 같은 출력을 위한 매크로 입니다.\n"
|
|
" while x != 1 { // 표현식에 괄호는 없습니다.\n"
|
|
" if x % 2 == 0 { // 다른 언어와 같은 수학연산식이 사용됩니다.\n"
|
|
" x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop "
|
|
"will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with "
|
|
"different inputs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 코드는 콜라츠 추측(Collatz conjecture)으로 구현됩니다: 반복문이 언제나 종"
|
|
"료될 것이라고 믿지만 증명된 것은 아닙니다. 코드를 수정하고 실행해 보시기 바랍"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to "
|
|
"trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer "
|
|
"overflow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"모든 변수가 컴파일 시 정해진 타입을 가짐을 설명합니다. `i32`를 삭제하여 컴파"
|
|
"일러가 타입 추론을 하도록 해 봅니다. `i32`을 `i8`로 변경하여 런타임 오버플로"
|
|
"를 유발해 볼 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:32
|
|
msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error."
|
|
msgstr "`let mut x`를 `let x`로 수정하여 컴파일 오류에 대해 토론합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the "
|
|
"format string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"인자가 포맷 문자열과 일치하지 않는 경우 `print!`에서 컴파일 오류가 발생함을 "
|
|
"언급하는 것도 좋습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an "
|
|
"expression which is more complex than just a single variable."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"단일 변수보다 복잡한 식을 출려하려면 `{}`을 자리 표시자로 사용하는 방법을 보"
|
|
"여 줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::"
|
|
"fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important "
|
|
"that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"학생들에게 표준 라이브러리가 어디 있는지 알려 주고는, `print!`가 지원하는 포"
|
|
"맷팅 언어의 문법을 알기 위해 `std::fmt`를 검색해야 한다는 것을 가르치세요.학"
|
|
"생들이 표준 라이브러리의 검색 기능에 익숙해 지도록 하는 것이 중요합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In a shell `rustup doc std::fmt` will open a browser on the local std::fmt "
|
|
"documentation"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"쉘에서 `rustup doc std::fmt`를 수행하면 로컬 브라우저로 `std:fmt`에 대한 문"
|
|
"서를 보여줍니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:3
|
|
msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트만의 독특한 세일즈 포인트(장점):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:5
|
|
msgid "Compile time memory safety."
|
|
msgstr "컴파일 시 메모리 안전이 보장됨."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:6
|
|
msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior."
|
|
msgstr "정의되지 않은 런타임 동작이 없음."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:7
|
|
msgid "Modern language features."
|
|
msgstr "현대적인 언어 기능."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. "
|
|
"Depending on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"수강생들에게 어떤 프로그래밍 언어를 사용했는지 물어보시기 바랍니다. 어떤 언어"
|
|
"를 사용했느냐에 따라 러스트에서 어떤 점을 강조해야 할지를 고민해 보세요:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ "
|
|
"via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't "
|
|
"have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with "
|
|
"constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"C/C++: 러스트는 '빌림'검사기를 통해서 수행중에 발생할 수 있는 모든 에러를 제"
|
|
"거합니다. 러스트는 C와 C++과 비슷한 수준의 성능을 보여주면서도, 그 언어들에"
|
|
"서 종종 발생하는 메모리 관련 오류가 없습니다. 또한, 패턴 매칭이나, 기본적으"
|
|
"로 제공되는 종속성 관리와 같은 현대적인 언어의 기능들을 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory "
|
|
"safety as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In "
|
|
"addition you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage "
|
|
"collector) as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Java, Go, Python, JavaScript: 이 언어들과 동일한 메모리 안정성과 함께, '하이"
|
|
"레벨'언어의 느낌을 느낄 수 있습니다. 거기에 더해, 가비지 컬렉터가 없는 C/C+"
|
|
"+와 유사한 수준의 빠르고 예측 가능한 성능을 기대할 수 있습니다. 그리고 필요"
|
|
"한 경우 저수준 하드웨어를 다루는 코드로 작성할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3
|
|
msgid "Static memory management at compile time:"
|
|
msgstr "컴파일 시 정적 메모리 관리:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5
|
|
msgid "No uninitialized variables."
|
|
msgstr "초기화되지 않는 변수가 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:6
|
|
msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)."
|
|
msgstr "메모리 누출 없음(_거의_. 강의참조노트 참고.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:7
|
|
msgid "No double-frees."
|
|
msgstr "메모리 이중 해제가 원천적으로 불가능 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:8
|
|
msgid "No use-after-free."
|
|
msgstr "메모리 해제 후 사용이 원천적으로 불가능 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:9
|
|
msgid "No `NULL` pointers."
|
|
msgstr "`NULL`포인터는 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:10
|
|
msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes."
|
|
msgstr "뮤텍스를 잠궈 놓고 여는 것을 잊는 실수를 할 수 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:11
|
|
msgid "No data races between threads."
|
|
msgstr "스레드간 데이터 레이스를 막아줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:12
|
|
msgid "No iterator invalidation."
|
|
msgstr "반복자가 갑자기 무효화 되는 경우가 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"(안전한) 러스트에서도 메모리 누출이 발생할 수 있는 몇 가지 경우가 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box."
|
|
"html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get runtime-"
|
|
"initialized and runtime-sized static variables"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method."
|
|
"leak)을 이용하여 포인터를 의도적으로 누출시킬 수 있습니다. 이를 이용해서 런타"
|
|
"임이 생성하고 런타임이 크기를 정한 정적 변수를 가져올 수 있습니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget."
|
|
"html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the destructor "
|
|
"is never run)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html)을 사용"
|
|
"하여 컴파일러가 값에 대해 \"잊도록\" 만들 수 있습니다(소멸자가 실행되지 않음"
|
|
"을 의미합니다)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc` 또는 `Arc`를 사용하여 실수로 [순환참조](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/"
|
|
"ch15-06-reference-cycles.html)를 생성할 수도 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory leak "
|
|
"and Rust does not protect from those."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"컬렉션을 무한정 채우는 것을 메모리 누출로 간주할 수도 있지만, 러스트는 이를 "
|
|
"보호하진 못합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood as "
|
|
"\"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"본 강의에서는 \"메모리 누출 없음\"을 \"우발적인 메모리 누출 없음\"으로 이해해"
|
|
"야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3
|
|
msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:"
|
|
msgstr "런타임 시 정의되지 않음(undefined) 동작 없음:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5
|
|
msgid "Array access is bounds checked."
|
|
msgstr "배열 접근시 경계 체크."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:6
|
|
msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)."
|
|
msgstr "정수형 타입의 변수에서 오버플로우 발생시 동작이 잘 정의되어있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time "
|
|
"flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the "
|
|
"program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get "
|
|
"panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo "
|
|
"build --release`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"정수형 오버플로우는 [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/"
|
|
"codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) 컴파일 타임 플래그를 통해 정의됩"
|
|
"니다. 이 플래그가 켜지면, 프로그램은 정수형 오버플로우 발생시 panic (프로그램"
|
|
"을 크래시 시키는 잘 정의된 방법) 합니다. 이 플래그가 꺼지면, 오버플로우는 "
|
|
"wrap-around 가 됩니다. 기본적으로 디버그 모드(`cargo build`)에서는 패닉이, 릴"
|
|
"리즈 모드(`cargo build --release`)에서는 wrap-around가 발생합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not be "
|
|
"disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows you to "
|
|
"call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do bounds "
|
|
"checking."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"컴파일 플래그를 사용하여 경계체크를 무력화 할 수 없습니다. `unsafe`를 사용하"
|
|
"더라도 마찬가지입니다. 하지만 `unsafe`에서 호출 가능한 `slice::get_unchecked`"
|
|
"같은 함수는 경계 검사를 수행하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 지난 수십년간의 모든 (프로그래밍 언어들의) 경험으로 만들어졌습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:5
|
|
msgid "Language Features"
|
|
msgstr "언어적 특징"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:7
|
|
msgid "Enums and pattern matching."
|
|
msgstr "열거형과 패턴 매칭."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:8
|
|
msgid "Generics."
|
|
msgstr "제네릭."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:9
|
|
msgid "No overhead FFI."
|
|
msgstr "FFI 런타임 오버헤드 없음."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:10
|
|
msgid "Zero-cost abstractions."
|
|
msgstr "비용이 들지 않는 추상화."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:12
|
|
msgid "Tooling"
|
|
msgstr "도구들"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:14
|
|
msgid "Great compiler errors."
|
|
msgstr "친절한 컴파일러 오류메시지."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:15
|
|
msgid "Built-in dependency manager."
|
|
msgstr "내장 종속성 관리자."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:16
|
|
msgid "Built-in support for testing."
|
|
msgstr "내장 테스트 지원."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:17
|
|
msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support."
|
|
msgstr "LSP (Language Server Protocol, 언어 서버 프로토콜) 지원이 잘되어 있음."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay' "
|
|
"for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example, "
|
|
"writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level "
|
|
"instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"C++ 와 유사하게 제로 코스트 추상화는 CPU나 메모리를 사용하여 상위레벨 프로그"
|
|
"래밍 구조를 만드는데 '비용'을 지불할 필요가 없습니다. 예를 들어 `for` 루프와"
|
|
"와 `iter().fold()` 구조를 사용하는 것과 거의 동일한 낮은 수준의 명령어가 생성"
|
|
"될 것 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also "
|
|
"known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like "
|
|
"`Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 열거형(enum)은 합계 타입(sum type)으로 알려진 대수학적 데이터형"
|
|
"(Algebraic Data Type)으로, 타입 시스템이 `Option<T>`와 `Result<T, E>`등을 표"
|
|
"현할 수 있게 해줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to "
|
|
"ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more "
|
|
"talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_ "
|
|
"feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"오류를 읽어보시기 바랍니다 --- 오랜기간 많은 개발자들이 컴파일러 출력을 무시"
|
|
"하는데 익숙해져 있습니다. 러스트 컴파일러는 다른 컴파일러보다 더 수다스럽고, "
|
|
"복사-붙여넣기 할 수 있는 정도의 코드 피드백을 제공하는 경우가 많습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python, "
|
|
"and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard "
|
|
"and essential:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트 표준 라이브러리는 Java, Python이나 Go와 같은 언어에 비해서 규모가 작습"
|
|
"니다. 당연히 포함되어야 한다고 생각할 수도 있는 아래와 같은 것들이 러스트의 "
|
|
"표준 라이브러리에 없습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:41
|
|
msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"난수 생성기, 하지만 [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)문서를 참조하시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:42
|
|
msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"SSL 또는 TLS지원, 하지만 [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)문서를 참조하시기 "
|
|
"바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:43
|
|
msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"JSON 지원, 하지만 [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/) 문서를 참조하시"
|
|
"기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library "
|
|
"cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the "
|
|
"Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps "
|
|
"there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"그 이유는 표준 라이브러리에서 한 번 어떤 기능을 제공하면 뺄 수 없으며, 매우 "
|
|
"안정적이어야 하기 때문입니다. 위에 언급한 기능들은 아직 러스트 커뮤니티가 최"
|
|
"고의 솔루션을 찾지 못했기 때문에 표준 라이브러리에 포함되지 않았습니다. 어쩌"
|
|
"면 이들 중 몇 개는 '최고의 솔루션'이 아예 존재할 수 없을 지도 모릅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this "
|
|
"makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence "
|
|
"of this is that the standard library can be smaller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 카고라는 패키지 관리자가 내장되어 있고, 서드파티 크레이트를 다운로"
|
|
"드, 컴파일 하기 매우 쉽습니다. 이 또한 표준 라이브러리가 작은 이유입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like <https://"
|
|
"lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates to "
|
|
"find a good and trusted one."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"좋은 서드파티 크레이트를 찾는 것은 어렵습니다. <https://lib.rs> 와 같은 사이"
|
|
"트가 신뢰할수 있는 좋은 크레이트를 비교하여 찾는데 좋습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP "
|
|
"implementation used in major IDEs and text editors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/)는 주요 IDE나 텍스트 에디터"
|
|
"에서 사용되는 러스트용 LSP서버 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:3
|
|
msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:"
|
|
msgstr "대부분의 러스트 문법은 C/C++/Java 와 유사합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:5
|
|
msgid "Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces."
|
|
msgstr "블록과 범위는 중괄호`{}`로 표현합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... "
|
|
"*/`."
|
|
msgstr "인라인 주석은 `//`, 블록 주석은 `/* ... */`로 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:8
|
|
msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same."
|
|
msgstr "`if`나 `while`같은 키워드도 동일합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:9
|
|
msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`."
|
|
msgstr "변수 할당은 `=`, 비교는 `==`를 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16
|
|
msgid "Types"
|
|
msgstr "타입"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3
|
|
msgid "Literals"
|
|
msgstr "리터럴 값"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5
|
|
msgid "Signed integers"
|
|
msgstr "부호있는 정수"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5
|
|
msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`"
|
|
msgstr "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:5
|
|
msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`"
|
|
msgstr "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6
|
|
msgid "Unsigned integers"
|
|
msgstr "부호없는 정수"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6
|
|
msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`"
|
|
msgstr "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:6
|
|
msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`"
|
|
msgstr "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7
|
|
msgid "Floating point numbers"
|
|
msgstr "부동소수"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7
|
|
msgid "`f32`, `f64`"
|
|
msgstr "`f32`, `f64`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:7
|
|
msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`"
|
|
msgstr "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8
|
|
msgid "Strings"
|
|
msgstr "문자열"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8
|
|
msgid "`&str`"
|
|
msgstr "`&str`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:8
|
|
msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`"
|
|
msgstr "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9
|
|
msgid "Unicode scalar values"
|
|
msgstr "유니코드 문자"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9
|
|
msgid "`char`"
|
|
msgstr "`char`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:9
|
|
msgid "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`"
|
|
msgstr "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10
|
|
msgid "Booleans"
|
|
msgstr "불리언"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10
|
|
msgid "`bool`"
|
|
msgstr "`bool`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:10
|
|
msgid "`true`, `false`"
|
|
msgstr "`true`, `false`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:12
|
|
msgid "The types have widths as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "각 타입의 크기는 다음과 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:14
|
|
msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,"
|
|
msgstr "`iN`, `uN`, `fN`은 모두 _N_비트 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:15
|
|
msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,"
|
|
msgstr "`isize` 와 `usize` 는 포인터와 같은 크기입니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:16
|
|
msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide,"
|
|
msgstr "`char` 32 비트 입니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:17
|
|
msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide."
|
|
msgstr "`bool`은 8 비트 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:21
|
|
msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:"
|
|
msgstr "위에 표시되지 않은 몇 가지 문법이 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: "
|
|
"`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal "
|
|
"amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: "
|
|
"`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal "
|
|
"amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(r#\"<a href=\"link.html\">link</a>\"#);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"<a href=\\\"link.html\\\">link</a>\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(r#\"<a href=\"link.html\">link</a>\"#);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"<a href=\\\"link.html\\\">link</a>\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:34
|
|
msgid "Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:"
|
|
msgstr "Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So "
|
|
"`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written "
|
|
"as `123i64`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So "
|
|
"`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written "
|
|
"as `123i64`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5
|
|
msgid "Arrays"
|
|
msgstr "배열"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5
|
|
msgid "`[T; N]`"
|
|
msgstr "`[T; N]`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:5
|
|
msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`"
|
|
msgstr "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6
|
|
msgid "Tuples"
|
|
msgstr "튜플"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6
|
|
msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:6
|
|
msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8
|
|
msgid "Array assignment and access:"
|
|
msgstr "배열 선언과 접근:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n"
|
|
" a[5] = 0;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n"
|
|
" a[5] = 0;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18
|
|
msgid "Tuple assignment and access:"
|
|
msgstr "튜플 선언과 접근:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32
|
|
msgid "Arrays:"
|
|
msgstr "배열:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) "
|
|
"elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of "
|
|
"its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two "
|
|
"different types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"배열은, 같은 타입 `T`의 값이 `N`개 있는 것입니다. 여기서 `N`은 컴파일 타임에 "
|
|
"결정된 값이어야 합니다. 이 길이도 타입의 일부입니다. 따라서, `[u8; 3]`와 "
|
|
"`[u8; 4]`은 서로 다른 타입입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:38
|
|
msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays."
|
|
msgstr "리터럴을 사용하여 배열에 값을 할당할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation "
|
|
"with the `?` format parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives "
|
|
"the debug output. We could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without "
|
|
"specifying the value after the format string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"포매팅 문자열에서 `?`는 디버깅 출력을 의미합니다. `{}`는 기본 출력이며, `{:?}"
|
|
"`는 디버깅 출력입니다. `{a}`, `{a:?}`와 같이 출력할 변수 이름을 포매팅 문자열"
|
|
"에 포함시킬 수도 있으며, 이 경우 인자 `a`는 별도의 인자로 추가하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be "
|
|
"easier to read."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`#`을 추가하면(`{a:#?}`) 좀 더 읽기 쉬운 \"이쁜\" 형태로 출력이 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47
|
|
msgid "Tuples:"
|
|
msgstr "튜플:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49
|
|
msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length."
|
|
msgstr "배열과 마찬가지로 튜플은 고정 길이를 갖습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:51
|
|
msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type."
|
|
msgstr "튜플은 서로 다른 타입의 값들을 하나의 복합 타입으로 묶습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, "
|
|
"e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`."
|
|
msgstr "튜플에 속한 값은 `t.0`, `t.1`과 같이 인덱스로 접근할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, "
|
|
"and the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its "
|
|
"value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a "
|
|
"function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"비어있는 튜플`()`은 단위 타입(unit type)이라고도 합니다. 이는 타입이면서 해"
|
|
"당 타입의 유일하며 유효한 값입니다. 즉 타입과 값이 모두 `()`입니다. 예를 들"
|
|
"어 함수나 식에서 반환 값이 없음을 나타낼 때 사용합니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other "
|
|
"programming languages."
|
|
msgstr "다른 언어에서 익숙한 `void` 개념으로 생각할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3
|
|
msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:"
|
|
msgstr "C++와 마찬가지로 러스트도 참조형을 갖습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n"
|
|
" *ref_x = 20;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n"
|
|
" *ref_x = 20;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14
|
|
msgid "Some notes:"
|
|
msgstr "참고사항:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ "
|
|
"pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`ref_x`에 값을 할당할 때, C/C++의 포인터와 유사하게 `*`를 이용해서 참조를 따"
|
|
"라가야(역참조) 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking "
|
|
"methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 특정한 경우(메서드 호출)에 자동으로 역참조를 합니다.(`ref_x."
|
|
"count_one()`을 하면 `*ref_x`가 `count_one`의 인자로 전달됩니다.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values over "
|
|
"their lifetime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`mut`로 선언된 참조는 그 변수가 살아있는 동안 다른 값을 가질 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let ref_x: "
|
|
"&mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound "
|
|
"to different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable "
|
|
"value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`let mut ref_x: &i32`와 `let ref_x: &mut i32`의 차이점에 주의 하시기 바랍니"
|
|
"다. 첫번째 값은 다른 값에 바인딩 될 수 있는 가변 참조이고, 두번째 값은 가변 "
|
|
"값에 대한 참조입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 허상(dangling) 참조를 컴파일러 단계에서 찾아내고 금지합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let ref_x: &i32;\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" ref_x = &x;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let ref_x: &i32;\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" ref_x = &x;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16
|
|
msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to."
|
|
msgstr "참조는 어떤 값을 \"빌리는\" 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long "
|
|
"enough."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 참조 대상의 값이, 그 값에 대한 모든 참조들보다 더 오래 살아있음을 추"
|
|
"적합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:19
|
|
msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"소유권에 대한 주제를 다룰 때 이 빌림에 대해 더 자세히 이야기 하겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3
|
|
msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:"
|
|
msgstr "슬라이스는 큰 컬랙션의 일부(혹은 전체)를 보여주는 뷰(view)입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:16
|
|
msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type."
|
|
msgstr "슬라이스는 다른(슬라이스 된) 타입으로부터 데이터를 '빌려'옵니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:17
|
|
msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?"
|
|
msgstr "질문: `s`를 출력하기 전에 `a[3]`을 수정하면 무슨 일이 있어날까요?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending "
|
|
"indexes in brackets."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"슬라이스는 우선 `a`를 빌린다음, 시작과 끝 인덱스를 브래킷(`[]`)안에 지정해서 "
|
|
"만듭니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the "
|
|
"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are "
|
|
"identical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"슬라이스가 인덱스 0부터 시작한다면 시작 인덱스는 생략 가능합니다. 즉 `&a[0.."
|
|
"a.len()]`와 `&a[..a.len()]` 는 동일합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are "
|
|
"identical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"마지막 인덱스도 생략 가능합니다. 그래서 `&a[2..a.len()]` 와 `&a[2..]`는 동일"
|
|
"합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`."
|
|
msgstr "따라서 전체 배열에 대한 슬라이스는 `&a[..]`가 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` "
|
|
"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform "
|
|
"computation on slices of different sizes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`s`는 `i32`들로 이루어진 슬라이스에 대한 참조입니다. `s`의 타입(`&[i32]`)에 "
|
|
"배열의 크기가 빠져있음에 주목하시기 바랍니다. 즉, 슬라이스를 이용하면 다양한 "
|
|
"길이의 데이터를 다룰 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain "
|
|
"'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"슬라이스는 항상 다른 객체로부터 '빌려' 옵니다. 이 예시에서 객체 `a`는 슬라이"
|
|
"스 `s`보다 더 오래 살아 있어야만 합니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but "
|
|
"the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at "
|
|
"this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` "
|
|
"safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the "
|
|
"`println`, when the slice is no longer used. More details will be explained "
|
|
"in the borrow checker section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`a[3]`의 값을 바꿀 수 있냐는 질문은 좋은 질문입니다. 여기에 대한 답은 `a`와 "
|
|
"`s`를 통해 데이터를 읽을 수는 있지만 수정할 수는 없으며, 이는 메모리 안전을 "
|
|
"위해서라는 것입니다. 그런데, 슬라이스가 사용되지 않을 때, 즉 슬라이스를 만들"
|
|
"기 전이나, 혹은 `println`이후에는 `a[3]`을 바꿀 수 있습니다. 왜 그런지에 대"
|
|
"한 좀더 구체적인 답은 빌림 검사 부분에서 자세히 설명합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1
|
|
msgid "`String` vs `str`"
|
|
msgstr "`String`과 `str`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3
|
|
msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "이제 러스트의 두 가지 문자열 타입에 대해서 이해해 보겠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: &str = \"World\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" s2.push_str(s1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: &str = \"World\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" s2.push_str(s1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20
|
|
msgid "Rust terminology:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트 용어:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22
|
|
msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice."
|
|
msgstr "`&str`은 문자열 슬라이스에 대한 (불변) 참조입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:23
|
|
msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer."
|
|
msgstr "`String`은 문자열을 담을 수 있는 버퍼입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 "
|
|
"encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals "
|
|
"(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&str`은 문자열 슬라이스입니다. 문자열 슬라이스는 UTF-8로 인코딩된 문자열 데"
|
|
"이터를 의미합니다. 문자열 리터럴(`\"Hello\"`)은 프로그램 바이너리에 저장됩니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a "
|
|
"`Vec<T>`, it is owned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 `String`타입은 실제로는 문자열을 이루는 바이트에 대한 백터"
|
|
"(`Vec<u8>`)입니다. `Vec<T>`가 `T`를 소유하고 있듯이, `String`이 가리키고 있"
|
|
"는 문자열은 `String`의 소유입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string "
|
|
"literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data "
|
|
"can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"다른 많은 타입들처럼 `String::from`는 문자열 리터럴로부터 문자열을 생성합니"
|
|
"다. `String::new()`는 새로운 빈 문자열을 생성합니다. `push()`와 `push_str()`"
|
|
"메서드를 사용하여 문자열 데이터를 추가 할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from "
|
|
"dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`format!()` 매크로는 변수의 값을 문자열로 변환하는 편리한 방법입니다. 이 매크"
|
|
"로는 `println!()` 매크로와 동일한 포맷팅 형식을 지원합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
|
|
"selection."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&`와 범위 연산자를 이용하여 `String`에서 `&str`슬라이스를 빌려올 수 있습니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the one "
|
|
"that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough "
|
|
"equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain "
|
|
"UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"당신이 C++ 프로그래머 라면: `&str`는 C++의 `const char*`와 유사하지만 항상 유"
|
|
"효한 문자열을 가리킨다는 점이 다릅니다. 러스트의 `String`은 C++의 `std::"
|
|
"string` 과 대략 거의 동일합니다. (주요 차이점: 러스트의 `String`은 UTF-8 인코"
|
|
"딩 바이트만 포함할 수 있으며 작은 문자열 최적화(small-string optimization)는 "
|
|
"구현하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
|
|
"Fizz_buzz) interview question:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트 버전의 [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) 함수입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" print_fizzbuzz_to(20);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn is_divisible(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" if divisor == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" n % divisor == 0\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n"
|
|
" let fizz = if is_divisible(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n"
|
|
" let buzz = if is_divisible(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n"
|
|
" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return format!(\"{n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn print_fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..=n {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" print_fizzbuzz_to(20);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn is_divisible(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" if divisor == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" n % divisor == 0\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n"
|
|
" let fizz = if is_divisible(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n"
|
|
" let buzz = if is_divisible(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n"
|
|
" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return format!(\"{n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn print_fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..=n {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations "
|
|
"nor headers are necessary. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`main` 함수에서 그 다음에 오는 함수들을 사용할 수 있습니다. 미리 선언하기"
|
|
"(forward declaration)나 헤더 같은건 필요 없습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some "
|
|
"programming languages), then a return type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"매개변수를 선언할 때에는 이름을 먼저 쓰고, 타입을 나중에 씁니다. 이름과 타입"
|
|
"은 `:` 로 구분합니다. 이는 일부 언어(예를 들어 C)와 반대임에 유의하시기 바랍"
|
|
"니다. 마찬가지로, 리턴 타입도 함수의 시작이 아닌 가장 뒷부분에 선언합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return "
|
|
"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"함수 본문의 마지막 표현식은 반환 값이 됩니다. 간단히, 식 끝에 있는 `;`를 생략"
|
|
"하면 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The "
|
|
"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"반환값이 없는 함수의 경우, 유닛 타입 `()`을 반환합니다. `-> ()`가 생략된 경"
|
|
"우 컴파일러는 이를 추론합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains "
|
|
"`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`fizzbuzz_to()`함수 내 `for` 반목문의 범위 표현식 중 `=n`은 n까지 포함한다는 "
|
|
"의미입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax."
|
|
msgstr "Rust의 아이템(item)은 `///` 문법을 사용하여 문서화할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second "
|
|
"argument.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
|
|
"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" if rhs == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return false; // Corner case, early return\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return "
|
|
"value\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"/// 첫 번째 인수가 두 번째 인수로 나눠질 수 있는지 결정합니다.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// 두 번째 인수가 0이면 결과는 false입니다.\n"
|
|
"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" if rhs == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return false; // Corner case, early return\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" lhs % rhs == 0 // 블록 안의 마지막 표현식은 반환값입니다\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are "
|
|
"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is "
|
|
"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"콘텐츠는 마크다운으로 처리됩니다. 게시된 모든 Rust 라이브러리 크레이트는 "
|
|
"[rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) 도구를 사용"
|
|
"하여 [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs)에 자동으로 문서화됩니다. 일반적으로 API의 "
|
|
"모든 공개 항목은 이 패턴을 사용하여 문서화됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at [`docs.rs/rand`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/rand)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`docs.rs/rand`](https://docs.rs/rand)에서 `rand` 크레이트용으로 생성된 문서"
|
|
"를 보여줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but in "
|
|
"real code they should be present."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 슬라이드의 예제 코드는 문서화 주석이 생략되어 있지만, 실제 코드라면 문서"
|
|
"화 주석을 반드시 써야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need not "
|
|
"be addressed here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"문서 내부 주석 모듈 페이지 뒷부분에서 다루며 여기서 다루지 않아도 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rustdoc comments can contain code snippets that we can run and test using "
|
|
"`cargo test`. We will discuss these tests in the [Testing section](../"
|
|
"testing/doc-tests.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"문서화 주석은 코드를 포함할 수도 있으며, 이 코드는 `cargo test`를 통해 테스트"
|
|
"로 동작할 수도 있습니다. [테스트](../testing/doc-tests.html)에서 더 자세히 다"
|
|
"루겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a "
|
|
"method is an instance of the type it is associated with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"메서드는 특정 타입과 연결된 함수입니다. 메서드의 `self` 인자가 그 메서드가 연"
|
|
"결된 인스턴스의 타입입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" width: u32,\n"
|
|
" height: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" self.width * self.height\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
|
|
" self.width += delta;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
" rect.inc_width(5);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" width: u32,\n"
|
|
" height: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" self.width * self.height\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
|
|
" self.width += delta;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
" rect.inc_width(5);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's "
|
|
"class."
|
|
msgstr "오늘과 내일 강의에서 더 많은 메서드 사용법을 다룰 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:34
|
|
msgid "Add a static method called `Rectangle::new` and call this from `main`:"
|
|
msgstr "`Rectangle::new` 생성자를 추가하고 이를 `main`에서 호출합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" Rectangle { width, height }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" Rectangle { width, height }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"While _technically_, Rust does not have custom constructors, static methods "
|
|
"are commonly used to initialize structs (but don't have to). The actual "
|
|
"constructor, `Rectangle { width, height }`, could be called directly. See "
|
|
"the [Rustnomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\\_기술적_으로 이야기 하자면, 러스트는 커스텀 생성자를 지원하지 않습니다. 정"
|
|
"적 메소드를 사용하는 것이 구조체를 초기화 하는 일반적인 방법입니다 (물론 이것"
|
|
"이 강제되지는 않습니다). 진짜 생성자인 `Rectangle { width, height }`를 직접 "
|
|
"호출할 수도 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 [Rustnomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"nomicon/constructors.html)을 참조하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add a `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that such "
|
|
"static methods can take arbitrary parameters."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rectangle::square(width: u32)` 생성자를 추가하여 생성자가 임의의 매개변수를 "
|
|
"사용할 수 있음을 보입시다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1
|
|
msgid "Function Overloading"
|
|
msgstr "(함수) 오버로딩"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3
|
|
msgid "Overloading is not supported:"
|
|
msgstr "오버로딩은 지원되지 않습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5
|
|
msgid "Each function has a single implementation:"
|
|
msgstr "개별함수는 단일 구현만 갖습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:6
|
|
msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters."
|
|
msgstr "항상 고정된 수의 파라매터만 갖습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:7
|
|
msgid "Always takes a single set of parameter types."
|
|
msgstr "파라매터들의 타입은 항상 고정되어 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:8
|
|
msgid "Default values are not supported:"
|
|
msgstr "파라매터의 기본 값은 지원되지 않습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:9
|
|
msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments."
|
|
msgstr "모든 호출부에서는 동일한 수의 인자를 설정해야합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:10
|
|
msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative."
|
|
msgstr "이런 사항들이 제약이 될 경우, 대안으로 매크로를 사용하기도 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12
|
|
msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:"
|
|
msgstr "하지만, 함수의 매개변수는 제네릭을 적용할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
|
|
" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
|
|
" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When using generics, the standard library's `Into<T>` can provide a kind of "
|
|
"limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later "
|
|
"section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"제네릭을 사용할 때 표준 라이브러리의 `Into<T>`은 타입에 대한 다형성을 제공할 "
|
|
"수 있습니다. 나중에 자세히 설명하겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "1일차 오전 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "이번 연습문제는 러스트의 두 부분을 알아볼 것입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "Implicit conversions between types."
|
|
msgstr "타입의 묵시적 변환."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:7
|
|
msgid "Arrays and `for` loops."
|
|
msgstr "배열과 `for` 반복문."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11
|
|
msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:"
|
|
msgstr "연습문제를 해결하는데 고려해야 할 사항들:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-"
|
|
"completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo.md) "
|
|
"for details on installing Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"가능하다면 러스트가 설치된 로컬 환경에서 진행하세요. 그러는 편이 텍스트 에디"
|
|
"터의 자동완성 기능의 도움을 받을 수 있어서 좋습니다. [카고 사용하기](../../"
|
|
"cargo.md) 을 참조하시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:17
|
|
msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
|
|
msgstr "혹은 러스트 플레이그라운드를 이용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose "
|
|
"their state if you navigate away from the page."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"페이지 밖으로 이동할 경우 작성한 내용이 소실되기 때문에 제공되는 코드 스니펫"
|
|
"은 의도적으로 편집할 수 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the \\[solutions\\] provided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"연습문제를 살펴 본 후, 제공된 \\[해답\\]\\[solutions\\]을 살펴볼 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types "
|
|
"([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
|
|
"implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 [C++ 와 다르게](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
|
|
"implicit_conversion) 타입 간 _묵시적 변환_을 자동으로 적용하지 않습니다. 아"
|
|
"래 예시를 확인해 보세요:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n"
|
|
" x * y\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x: i8 = 15;\n"
|
|
" let y: i16 = 1000;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n"
|
|
" x * y\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x: i8 = 15;\n"
|
|
" let y: i16 = 1000;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust integer types all implement the [`From<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between them. The "
|
|
"`From<T>` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the `Into<T>` "
|
|
"trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits is how a type "
|
|
"expresses that it can be converted into another type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 정수형 타입은 모두 [`From<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"convert/trait.From.html) 와 [`Into<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"convert/trait.Into.html) 트레잇을 구현하고 있으며, 이를 통해 타입 변환이 이루"
|
|
"어 집니다. `From<T>` 트레잇은 `from()` 메서드를 가지고 있고, `Into<T>`트레잇"
|
|
"은 `into()` 메서드를 가지고 있습니다. 러스트에서는 `From`과 `Into` 트레잇을 "
|
|
"구현함으로써, 타입 간 변환이 가능하다는 것을 표현합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The standard library has an implementation of `From<i8> for i16`, which "
|
|
"means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by "
|
|
"calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From<i8> for "
|
|
"i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into<i16> for "
|
|
"i8`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"표준 라이브러리에는 `From<i8> for i16`가 구현되어 있는데 이것은 `i8` 타입의 "
|
|
"변수 `x`를 `i16::from(x)`를 호출하여 `i16`타입으로 변환할 수 있다는 의미입니"
|
|
"다. 혹은 더 간단하게 `x.into()`를 사용할 수도 있습니다. 이것이 가능한 이유는 "
|
|
"`From<i8> for i16` 구현을 가지고 있으면 `Into<i16> for i8` 구현이 자동으로 생"
|
|
"성되기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so "
|
|
"it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` "
|
|
"implementation automatically."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이는 사용자 정의 타입에도 동일하게 적용되는 규칙입니다. 따라서 `From`만을 구"
|
|
"현해도 `Into`까지 자동으로 구현이 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33
|
|
msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error."
|
|
msgstr "위 예제코드를 실행하고 어떤 컴파일 에러가 발생하는지 확인해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:35
|
|
msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion."
|
|
msgstr "`into()`를 사용하여 코드를 수정하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, "
|
|
"`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try "
|
|
"converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the "
|
|
"[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait."
|
|
"From.html) to see if `From<T>` is implemented for the pairs you check."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`x`와 `y`를 `f32`이나 `bool`, `i128` 등으로 바꿔서 해당 타입들로 변환이 되는"
|
|
"지 확인해보세요. 작은 사이즈 타입에서 큰 사이즈로 변경해보시고 그 반대로도 해"
|
|
"보세요. [표준 라이브러리 문서](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait."
|
|
"From.html)에서 시도해 본 케이스가 구현되어 있는지 확인해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops"
|
|
msgstr "배열과 `for`반복문"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3
|
|
msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:"
|
|
msgstr "배열을 아래와 같이 선언 할 수 있음을 배웠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}"
|
|
"`:"
|
|
msgstr "배열을 출력하려면 `{:?}`를 씁니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` "
|
|
"keyword:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트에서는 `for` 키워드를 사용해 배열이나 범위를 반복할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n"
|
|
" for n in array {\n"
|
|
" print!(\" {n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n"
|
|
" for n in array {\n"
|
|
" print!(\" {n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix "
|
|
"and a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into "
|
|
"columns):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 코드를 이용해서, 행렬을 예쁘게 출력하는 `pretty_print`함수와, 행렬을 전치"
|
|
"(행과 열을 서로 바꾸는)시키는 `transpose`함수를 작성해 보시기 바랍니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n"
|
|
"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n"
|
|
" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n"
|
|
"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n"
|
|
" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47
|
|
msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices."
|
|
msgstr "두 함수 모두 행렬의 크기는 3 x 3 으로 하드코딩 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
|
|
"functions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 코드를 <https://play.rust-lang.org/>에 복사해서 구현하시면 됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let matrix = [\n"
|
|
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: 구현이 완료되면 아래 줄은 삭제합니다.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let matrix = [\n"
|
|
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80
|
|
msgid "Bonus Question"
|
|
msgstr "보너스 문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your "
|
|
"argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional "
|
|
"slice-of-slices. Why or why not?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&[i32]`슬라이스를 잘 이용하면 행렬 크기를 3 x 3으로 하드코딩 하지 않을 수 있"
|
|
"을까요? 예컨데 `&[&[i32]]`는 2차원 슬라이스의 슬라이스 입니다. 가능하다면/하"
|
|
"지 않다면 왜 그런가요?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production quality "
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"상용 품질의 구현에 대해서는 [`ndarray` 크레이트](https://docs.rs/ndarray/)를 "
|
|
"참조하시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the "
|
|
"[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"보너스 문제에 대한 답변 역시 [해답](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-"
|
|
"loops)에서 확인할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable "
|
|
"by default:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 정적 타이핑을 통해 타입 안전성을 제공합니다. 변수는 기본적으로 불변"
|
|
"(immutable)합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" // x = 20;\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" // x = 20;\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the "
|
|
"types less and less as the course progresses."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"타입 추론에 덕분에 `i32`는 생략 가능합니다. 강의가 진행될 수록 생략 가능한 부"
|
|
"분은 점점 생략할 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 변수가 어떻게 사용되는지를 보고 그 변수의 타입을 추론합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 10;\n"
|
|
" let y = 20;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" takes_u32(x);\n"
|
|
" takes_i8(y);\n"
|
|
" // takes_u32(y);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 10;\n"
|
|
" let y = 20;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" takes_u32(x);\n"
|
|
" takes_i8(y);\n"
|
|
" // takes_u32(y);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on "
|
|
"constraints given by variable declarations and usages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 슬라이드는, 러스트 컴파일러가 변수가 어떻게 선언되어 있고, 어떻게 사용되는"
|
|
"지를 제약 조건으로 삼아서 변수의 타입을 추론하는 모습을 보여줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not "
|
|
"of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine "
|
|
"code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration "
|
|
"of a type. The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise "
|
|
"code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"여기서 중요한 것은, 이렇게 명시적인 타입을 생략하고 선언되었다고 해서 \"어떤 "
|
|
"타입\"이라도 다 담을 수 있는 타입이 되는 것은 아니라는 점입니다. 명시적인 타"
|
|
"입 선언이 있던 없던, 컴파일러가 생성한 머신코드는 동일합니다. 컴파일러는 단"
|
|
"지 타입 선언을 생략할 수 있도록 해서 프로그래머가 더 간결한 코드를 쓸 수 있도"
|
|
"록 도와줄 뿐입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic "
|
|
"container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, "
|
|
"using `_` as a placeholder:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 코드는, 제네릭 컨테이너를 쓸 때 컨테이터 안에 포함된 데이터의 타입을 명"
|
|
"시적으로 쓰지 않고 `_`로 대체하여도 된다는 것을 보여줍니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v.push((10, false));\n"
|
|
" v.push((20, true));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let vv = v.iter().collect::<std::collections::HashSet<_>>();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v.push((10, false));\n"
|
|
" v.push((20, true));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let vv = v.iter().collect::<std::collections::HashSet<_>>();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
"html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-"
|
|
"HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
"html#method.collect)는 [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/"
|
|
"struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-HashSet%3CT,+S%3E)을 구현한 "
|
|
"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html)"
|
|
"에 의존합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1
|
|
msgid "Static and Constant Variables"
|
|
msgstr "정적변수(static)과 상수(const)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-"
|
|
"scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of "
|
|
"the program. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"정적 변수와 상수는 전역 스코프에서 값을 생성하는 두 가지 방법입니다. 전역 스"
|
|
"코프에 생성된 값은 프로그램 수행 도중에 다른 값으로 이동되지 않으며, 메모리 "
|
|
"상에서 그 위치가 변하지 않습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:6
|
|
msgid "`const`"
|
|
msgstr "상수(`const`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are "
|
|
"inlined wherever they are used:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"상수는 컴파일 할 때 그 값이 정해집니다. 그리고 그 값은 그 상수가 사용되는 모"
|
|
"든 부분에서 인라인 됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n"
|
|
"const ZERO: Option<u8> = Some(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n"
|
|
" let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n"
|
|
" for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE]."
|
|
"wrapping_add(b);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" digest\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n"
|
|
"const ZERO: Option<u8> = Some(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n"
|
|
" let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n"
|
|
" for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE]."
|
|
"wrapping_add(b);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" digest\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
|
|
"vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html)"
|
|
"에 따르면 상수는, 그 상수가 사용되는 곳에 인라인 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate "
|
|
"`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`const` 값을 생성할 때에는 `const`로 마킹된 함수만이 호출 가능하며, 이 함수들"
|
|
"은 컴파일 시에 호출이 됩니다. 물론 `const`함수들을 런타임에 호출하는 것도 가"
|
|
"능합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33
|
|
msgid "`static`"
|
|
msgstr "정적변수(`static`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and "
|
|
"therefore will not move:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"정적 변수는 프로그램이 수행되는 동안 유지가 됩니다. 그러므로 다른 변수로 이동"
|
|
"(move)되지 않습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
|
|
"vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual "
|
|
"associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, "
|
|
"and the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a "
|
|
"globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, "
|
|
"`const` is generally preferred."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html)에"
|
|
"서 언급한 바와 같이, 정적 변수는 별도의 메모리 공간을 가지며, 인라인 되지 않"
|
|
"습니다. 정적 변수는 안전하지 않은(unsafe) 러스트와 임베디드 시스템용 코드에"
|
|
"서 유용합니다. 이들의 수명은 프로그램이 수행되는 전체 시간과 동일합니다. 전"
|
|
"역 스코프를 가진 어떤 값이, 메모리 상에 단 하나만 존재해야 한다는 요구조건이 "
|
|
"없다면, 정적 변수 대신 `const`를 쓰는 것이 옳습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be "
|
|
"`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar. It is also possible "
|
|
"to have mutable statics, but they require manual synchronisation so any "
|
|
"access to them requires `unsafe` code. We will look at [mutable statics](../"
|
|
"unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md) in the chapter on Unsafe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`static`변수들은 어떤 스레드에서도 접근 가능하기 때문에, `Sync`트레잇을 구현"
|
|
"해야 합니다. 이 변수를 읽고 쓰려면 [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"sync/struct.Mutex.html)로 감싸거나, atomic 연산을 써야 합니다. `static` 변수"
|
|
"를 mutable하게 선언할 수도 있지만, 이 경우 동기화 작업을 수동으로 해 주어야 "
|
|
"합니다. 그래서 그러한 변수를 접근하는 코드는`unsafe`로 명시적으로 표시가 되어"
|
|
"야 합니다. \"안전하지 않은 러스트\"를 배울 때 [mutable statics](../unsafe/"
|
|
"mutable-static-variables.md) 부분에서 좀 더 자세히 다루겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:57
|
|
msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`."
|
|
msgstr "러스트의 `const`는 C++의 `constexpr`과 매우 비슷합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable "
|
|
"global variable in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"반면에 러스트의 `static`은 C++의 `const`나 가변 정적 변수(mutable global "
|
|
"variable)와 훨씬 더 유사합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as "
|
|
"required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`static`은 객체에 정체성을 부여합니다. 정체정이란 메모리 상에서의 주소, 그리"
|
|
"고 내부 상태를 의미합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but "
|
|
"it is helpful and safer than using a static."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"프로그램 수행시 그 값이 정해지는 상수가 필요한 경우는 드뭅니다. 그러나 그렇다"
|
|
"고 해도, 정적 변수를 사용하는 것 보다는 더 유용하고 안전합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:61
|
|
msgid "`thread_local` data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`thread_local` 데이터는 `std::thread_local` 매크로를 이용하여 생성할 수 있습"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:63
|
|
msgid "Properties table:"
|
|
msgstr "속성 비교 테이블:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65
|
|
msgid "Property"
|
|
msgstr "속성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65
|
|
msgid "Static"
|
|
msgstr "정적(static) 변수"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:65
|
|
msgid "Constant"
|
|
msgstr "상수(constant)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67
|
|
msgid "Has an address in memory"
|
|
msgstr "메모리 상에 주소가 있는가"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71
|
|
msgid "Yes"
|
|
msgstr "예"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:67
|
|
msgid "No (inlined)"
|
|
msgstr "아니오(인라인 됨)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68
|
|
msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program"
|
|
msgstr "프로그램이 수행되는 동안 계속 살아 있는가"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:68
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71
|
|
msgid "No"
|
|
msgstr "아니오"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69
|
|
msgid "Can be mutable"
|
|
msgstr "변경 가능한가"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:69
|
|
msgid "Yes (unsafe)"
|
|
msgstr "예 (그러나 안전하지 않음)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70
|
|
msgid "Evaluated at compile time"
|
|
msgstr "컴파일시 그 값이 결정되는가"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:70
|
|
msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)"
|
|
msgstr "예 (컴파일시 초기화 됨)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:71
|
|
msgid "Inlined wherever it is used"
|
|
msgstr "사용되는 곳에 인라인 되는가"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from "
|
|
"the same scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"현재 범위에 있는 변수와, 바깥 범위에 있는 변수 모두 가릴(쉐도잉)수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"before: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let a = \"hello\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let a = true;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"after: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"before: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let a = \"hello\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let a = true;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"after: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing "
|
|
"both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available "
|
|
"under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"쉐도잉은 기존 변수에 새로운 값을 할당하는 것이 아닙니다. 쉐도잉을 하면 새로"
|
|
"운 변수가 생기며, 이전 변수와 새 변수는 메모리의 서로 다른 위치에 존재합니"
|
|
"다. 그 두 변수는 단지 이름이 같은 뿐이며, 코드 중 어디에서 그 이름이 사용되었"
|
|
"느냐에 따라 어떤 변수를 지칭하는 지가 결정됩니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:26
|
|
msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type. "
|
|
msgstr "쉐도잉 시 타입을 바꿀 수 있습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values "
|
|
"after `.unwrap()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"처음에 쉐도잉을 보면 코드를 더 모호하게 만든다고 생각할 수 도 있습니다. 그러"
|
|
"나 실제로 쉐도잉을 이용하면, 어떤 변수에서 `.unwrap()` 된 값을 새로운 변수에 "
|
|
"담을 경우 새로운 이름을 지을 필요 없이 기존 이름을 유지할 수 있어서 편리합니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory "
|
|
"locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type "
|
|
"does not change."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 코드는 불변 변수를 쉐도잉할 때 타입이 동일하더라도 새 변수가 원래 변수"
|
|
"의 메모리 위치를 재사용 할 수 없는지 그 이유를 보여줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = 1;\n"
|
|
" let b = &a;\n"
|
|
" let a = a + 1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = 1;\n"
|
|
" let b = &a;\n"
|
|
" let a = a + 1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:3
|
|
msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
|
|
msgstr "전통적으로, 두 종류의 프로그래밍 언어가 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:5
|
|
msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"메모리 관리가 프로그래머의 완전한 통제하에 있지만 수동(그래서 안전하지 않을 "
|
|
"수 있는)인 언어: C, C++, Pascal, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, "
|
|
"Haskell, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"메모리 관리가 런타임에 의해 되므로 안전하지만 자동(그래서 프로그래머가 개입"
|
|
"할 여지가 적거나 없는)인 언어: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:8
|
|
msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 이 둘을 혼합한 새로운 형태의 메모리 관리 기법을 제공합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory "
|
|
"management."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"컴파일 시 올바른 메모리 관리를 강제함으로써 완전한 통제와 안전성 _모두_ 제공."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:13
|
|
msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
|
|
msgstr "이를 가능하게 하는 러스트의 컨셉은 명시적인 소유권입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:15
|
|
msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
|
|
msgstr "우선 메모리 관리가 이뤄지는 방식을 다시 살펴 보겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1
|
|
msgid "The Stack vs The Heap"
|
|
msgstr "스택(Stack)과 힙(Heap)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3
|
|
msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables."
|
|
msgstr "스택: 로컬 변수를 위한 연속적인 메모리 영역."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:4
|
|
msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time."
|
|
msgstr "여기 저장되는 값은 컴파일 시 결정되는 고정 크기를 갖습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:5
|
|
msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"매우 빠름: 메모리 할당/반환이 단지 스택 포인터의 이동만으로 구현됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:6
|
|
msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls."
|
|
msgstr "관리가 쉬움: 함수가 호출되면 할당되고, 리턴하면 반환됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:7
|
|
msgid "Great memory locality."
|
|
msgstr "스택에 있는 값들은 매우 높은 메모리 인접성을 가집니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:9
|
|
msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls."
|
|
msgstr "힙: 함수 호출/리턴과 상관 없이 유지되는 값이 저장되는 곳."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:10
|
|
msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime."
|
|
msgstr "여기 저장되는 값은 프로그램 수행시 그 크기가 결정됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:11
|
|
msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed."
|
|
msgstr "스택 보다는 느림: 메모리 할당/반환시 해야 할 일이 좀 더 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:12
|
|
msgid "No guarantee of memory locality."
|
|
msgstr "메모리 인접성을 보장하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1
|
|
msgid "Stack and Heap Example"
|
|
msgstr "스택과 힙에 관한 예제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically "
|
|
"sized data, the actual string, on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String`을 하나 만들게 되면, 스택에는 고정된 크기의 메타 데이터가 생성되고, "
|
|
"힙에는 가변 크기의 데이터, 즉, 실제 문자열, 이 생성됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and "
|
|
"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"문자열(`String`)은 실제로는 `Vec`입니다. 크기(capacity)와 현재 길이(length) "
|
|
"정보를 가지며, 더 큰 크기가 필요할 경우 힙에서 재 할당을 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap "
|
|
"allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/"
|
|
"struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the "
|
|
"[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"힙은 기본적으로 [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/"
|
|
"struct.System.html)를 통해 할당됩니다. 그리고 [Allocator API](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)를 이용해서 커스텀 메모리 할당자를 만들 수"
|
|
"도 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should "
|
|
"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래와 같은 `unsafe` 코드로 메모리 레이아웃을 살펴볼 수 있습니다. 물론 이 코"
|
|
"드가 안전하지 않다는 점을 알려주세요!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" s1.push(' ');\n"
|
|
" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n"
|
|
" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
|
|
" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
" // undefined behavior.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::"
|
|
"transmute(s1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" s1.push(' ');\n"
|
|
" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n"
|
|
" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
|
|
" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
" // undefined behavior.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::"
|
|
"transmute(s1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3
|
|
msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
|
|
msgstr "사용자가 직접 메모리를 할당, 해제 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security "
|
|
"vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"조심하지 않으면, 충돌(crash), 버그, 보안취약성 및 메모리 누출이 발생할 수 있"
|
|
"습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7
|
|
msgid "C Example"
|
|
msgstr "C 언어 예제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9
|
|
msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
|
|
msgstr "`malloc`으로 할당하는 포인터마다 `free`를 호출해야 합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"void foo(size_t n) {\n"
|
|
" int* int_array = malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" // ... lots of code\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" free(int_array);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"void foo(size_t n) {\n"
|
|
" int* int_array = malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" // ... lots of code\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" free(int_array);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: "
|
|
"the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, freeing the "
|
|
"pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to exploitable security "
|
|
"vulnerabilities."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"만약 `malloc` 과 `free` 사이에서 함수가 일찍 반환되면 메모리 누출이 일어납니"
|
|
"다: 포인터를 잃어버리게 되어 메모리를 반환할 수 없게 됩니다. 같은 포인터를 "
|
|
"두 번 반환하거나, 이미 반환된 포인터를 접근하는 것은 심각한 보안 문제를 일으"
|
|
"킬 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"생성자와 소멸자를 사용하여 객체의 생명주기에 따라 메모리 할당/해제가 일어나도"
|
|
"록 할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is "
|
|
"destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception "
|
|
"is raised."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"포인터를 객체로 감싸도록 하면, 그 객체가 소멸될 때 그 포인터가 가리키는 메모"
|
|
"리가 해제되도록 할 수 있습니다. 컴파일러는 객체가 소멸될 때 반드시 소멸자가 "
|
|
"호출되는 것을 보장합니다. 심지어는 예외(exception)가 발생(_역주_: 함수의 리턴"
|
|
"이나 스코프의 종료 뿐만이 아니라) 하더라도요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and "
|
|
"gives you smart pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이를 종종 RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)라고 하며, 이런 객체"
|
|
"는 일종의 스마트 포인터 역할을 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12
|
|
msgid "C++ Example"
|
|
msgstr "C++ 예제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
|
|
" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
|
|
" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to memory "
|
|
"allocated on the heap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std::unique_ptr`객체는 스택에 할당되며, 힙에 할당된 메모리를 가리킵니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:22
|
|
msgid "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run."
|
|
msgstr "`say_hello`함수가 끝나면 `std::unique_ptr`의 소멸자가 실행됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:23
|
|
msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
|
|
msgstr "소멸자는 `Person` 객체가 가리키는 메모리를 해제합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
|
|
msgstr "이동 생성자는 함수 호출 시 소유권을 전달할때 사용됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"std::unique_ptr<Person> person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n"
|
|
"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"std::unique_ptr<Person> person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n"
|
|
"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1
|
|
msgid "Automatic Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "자동 메모리 관리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic "
|
|
"memory management:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"수동, 스코프기반 메모리 관리의 대안으로 자동 메모리 관리 방식이 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6
|
|
msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly."
|
|
msgstr "개발자는 메모리를 명시적으로 할당/해제 하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the "
|
|
"programmer."
|
|
msgstr "가비지 컬렉터(GC)는 사용되지 않는 메모리를 찾아 해제합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9
|
|
msgid "Java Example"
|
|
msgstr "Java 예제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11
|
|
msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`person`객체는 `sayHello`함수 반환 후에도 해제되지 않습니다. (_역주_: GC가 나"
|
|
"중에 알아서 해제합니다.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
|
|
" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
|
|
" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1
|
|
msgid "Memory Management in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "러스트에서의 메모리 관리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3
|
|
msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트의 메모리 관리는 지금까지 설명한 방식들을 혼합해서 사용합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5
|
|
msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector."
|
|
msgstr "자바처럼 안전하고 정확합니다. 하지만 GC는 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, "
|
|
"can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically reference "
|
|
"counted."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"다양한 추상화를 제공합니다: 단일 포인터, 참조 카운트, 아토믹(atomic) 참조 카"
|
|
"운트."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:7
|
|
msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"C++ 처럼 범위(스코프) 기반입니다. 하지만 컴파일러가 훨씬 더 엄격합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even "
|
|
"have no cost at runtime like C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"사용자는 상황에 따라 적합한 추상화를 선택할 수 있습니다. 그 중에는 C 언어 처"
|
|
"럼 런타임 오버헤드가 없는 것도 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10
|
|
msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 \\_소유권_을 언어 차원에서 명시적으로 모델링 함으로써 이를 이룹니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually "
|
|
"handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
|
|
"html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate "
|
|
"ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential "
|
|
"errors in C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 시점에서 그게 어떻게 가능하냐는 질문이 있으면, 러스트에서 이 작업은 일반적"
|
|
"으로 [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) 또는 [Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"sync/struct.Arc.html)와 같은 RAII 타입에 의해 처리된다고 답변할 수 있습니다. "
|
|
"이들은 다양한 방법을 통해 소유권과 메모리 할당에 대한 구체적인 내용을을 캡슐"
|
|
"화하여, C 언어였다면 발생할 수 있었을 다양한 에러를 막습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) trait is the Rust equivalent."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"소멸자에 대한 질문도 있을 수 있습니다. [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"ops/trait.Drop.html) 트레잇이 답입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3
|
|
msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
|
|
msgstr "메모리 관리 기술의 대략적인 비교입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5
|
|
msgid "Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
|
|
msgstr "메모리 관리 방법 별 장점"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7 src/memory-management/comparison.md:22
|
|
msgid "Manual like C:"
|
|
msgstr "C와 같은 수동 관리:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:8 src/memory-management/comparison.md:14
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:17
|
|
msgid "No runtime overhead."
|
|
msgstr "런타임 오버헤드가 없음."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:9 src/memory-management/comparison.md:26
|
|
msgid "Automatic like Java:"
|
|
msgstr "JAVA와 같은 자동화 관리:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:10
|
|
msgid "Fully automatic."
|
|
msgstr "완전한 자동화."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:11
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:18
|
|
msgid "Safe and correct."
|
|
msgstr "안전하고 정확함."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:12
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:29
|
|
msgid "Scope-based like C++:"
|
|
msgstr "C++ 와 같은 범위 기반 관리:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:13
|
|
msgid "Partially automatic."
|
|
msgstr "부분 자동화."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:15
|
|
msgid "Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트와 같은 컴파일러 수행 범위 기반 관리:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:16
|
|
msgid "Enforced by compiler."
|
|
msgstr "컴파일러에 의해 수행됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20
|
|
msgid "Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
|
|
msgstr "메모리 관리 방법 별 단점"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:23
|
|
msgid "Use-after-free."
|
|
msgstr "사용 후 해제 문제."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:24
|
|
msgid "Double-frees."
|
|
msgstr "이중 해제 문제."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:25
|
|
msgid "Memory leaks."
|
|
msgstr "메모리 누출 문제."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:27
|
|
msgid "Garbage collection pauses."
|
|
msgstr "GC동작으로 인한 멈춤."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:28
|
|
msgid "Destructor delays."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"소멸자 지연 (_역주_: 특정 메모리를 더이상 사용하지 않더라도 곧바로 해제 되지 "
|
|
"않고 GC가 동작할 때 까지 기다려야 한다는 점)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:30
|
|
msgid "Complex, opt-in by programmer (on C++)."
|
|
msgstr "복잡하며, 개발자의 선택사항임."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:31
|
|
msgid "Circular references can lead to memory leaks"
|
|
msgstr "순환 참조가 발생하면 메모리 누수가 발생함"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:32
|
|
msgid "Potential runtime overhead"
|
|
msgstr "런타임 오버헤드 있을 수 있음"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:33
|
|
msgid "Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트와 같은 컴파일러가 강제하는 수행 범위 기반 관리:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:34
|
|
msgid "Some upfront complexity."
|
|
msgstr "처음에 배울 때 어려움."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:35
|
|
msgid "Can reject valid programs."
|
|
msgstr "올바른 프로그램이더라도 컴파일러가 거부할 수 있음."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error "
|
|
"to use a variable outside its scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"모든 변수 바인딩은 유효한 \"범위(스코프)\"를 가지며, 범위 밖에서 변수 사용하"
|
|
"면 에러가 발생합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"스코프가 종료되면 변수는 \"삭제(drop)\"되었다고 하며 그 변수의 데이터는 메모"
|
|
"리에서 해제됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:19
|
|
msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"스코프가 종료될 때 다른 리소스를 해제하기 위해 소멸자가 호출되도록 할 수 있습"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:20
|
|
msgid "We say that the variable _owns_ the value."
|
|
msgstr "이것을 두고 변수가 값을 \"소유\"한다고 표현합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3
|
|
msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:"
|
|
msgstr "(변수의) 할당은 \\_소유권_을 변수 간에 이동시킵니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14
|
|
msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership."
|
|
msgstr "`s1`을 `s2`에 할당하여 소유권을 이전시킵니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:15
|
|
msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`s1`의 스코프가 종료되면 아무 일도 없습니다: 왜냐하면 `s1`은 아무런 소유권이 "
|
|
"없기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:16
|
|
msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed."
|
|
msgstr "`s2`의 스코프가 종료되면 문자열 데이터는 해제됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:17
|
|
msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value."
|
|
msgstr "값(데이터)의 소유권을 갖는 변수는 항상 _단_ 하나 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by "
|
|
"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이는 C++과 정반대 임을 설명하세요. C++에서는 복사가 기본이고, `std::move` 를 "
|
|
"이용해야만 (그리고 이동 생성자가 정의되어 있어야만!) 소유권 이전이 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated "
|
|
"to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies "
|
|
"are aggressively optimized away."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"실제로 이동되는 것은 소유권일 뿐입니다. 머신 코드 레벨에서 데이터 복사가 일어"
|
|
"날 지 말 지에 대한 것은 컴파일러 내부에서 일어나는 최적화 문제입니다. 이런 복"
|
|
"사는 최적화 과정에서 제거가 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"정수와 같은 간단한 값들은 `Copy` (뒤에 설명합니다)로 마킹될 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:27
|
|
msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
|
|
msgstr "러스트에서는 복사할때에는 명시적으로 `clone`을 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10
|
|
msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`."
|
|
msgstr "`s1`의 힙 데이터는 `s2`에서 재사용 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:11
|
|
msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`s1`의 스코프가 종료되면 아무일도 일어나지 않습니다.(이미 이동되었습니다.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13
|
|
msgid "Before move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "`s2`로 이동 전 메모리:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30
|
|
msgid "After move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "`s2`로 이동 후 메모리:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
|
|
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": s2 : |\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
|
|
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": s2 : |\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1
|
|
msgid "Extra Work in Modern C++"
|
|
msgstr "Modern C++에서 이중해제 문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3
|
|
msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:"
|
|
msgstr "Modern C++은 이 문제를 다르게 해결합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
|
|
"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
|
|
"std::string s2 = s1; // s1의 데이터를 복제합니다.\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy."
|
|
msgstr "`s1`의 힙 데이터는 복제되고, `s2`는 독립적인 복사본을 얻습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:11
|
|
msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory."
|
|
msgstr "`s1` 와 `s2`의 스코프가 종료되면 각각의 메모리가 해제됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13
|
|
msgid "Before copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "복사 전:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30
|
|
msgid "After copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "복사 후:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s2 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s2 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function "
|
|
"parameter. This transfers ownership:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"값을 함수에 전달할때, 그 값은 매개변수에 할당됩니다. 이때 소유권의 이동이 일"
|
|
"어납니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
" say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
" // say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
" say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
" // say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. "
|
|
"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`say_hello`함수의 첫번째 호출시 `main`함수는 자신이 가진 `name`에 대한 소유권"
|
|
"을 포기하므로, 이후 `main`함수에서는 `name`을 사용할 수 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the "
|
|
"`say_hello` function."
|
|
msgstr "`name`에 할당되있는 힙 메모리는 `say_hello`함수의 끝에서 해제됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and "
|
|
"if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`main`함수에서 `name`을 참조로 전달(빌림)하고(`&name`), `say_hello`에서 매개"
|
|
"변수를 참조형으로 수정한다면 `main`함수는 `name`의 소유권을 유지할 수 있습니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name."
|
|
"clone()`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"또는 첫번째 호출 시 `main`함수에서 `name`을 복제하여 전달할 수도 있습니다."
|
|
"(`name.clone()`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move "
|
|
"semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 이동을 기본으로 하고 복제를 명시적으로 선언하도록 만듬으로, 의도치 "
|
|
"않게 복사본을 만드는 것이 C++에서보다 어렵습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:"
|
|
msgstr "이동이 기본 설정이지만, 특정 타입은 복사됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 42;\n"
|
|
" let y = x;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 42;\n"
|
|
" let y = x;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14
|
|
msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait."
|
|
msgstr "이러한 타입들은 `Copy` 트레잇을 구현합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16
|
|
msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:"
|
|
msgstr "직접 만든 타입들도 `Copy`트레잇을 구현하여 복사를 할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30
|
|
msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data."
|
|
msgstr "할당 후, `p1`와 `p2`는 자신의 데이터를 소유합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:31
|
|
msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data."
|
|
msgstr "명시적으로 `p1.clone()`를 사용하여 데이터를 복사할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35
|
|
msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:"
|
|
msgstr "복사(copy)와 복제(clone)는 같지 않습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on "
|
|
"arbitrary objects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"복사는 메모리의 내용을 그대로 한 벌 더 만드는 것을 의미하며, 아무 객체에서나 "
|
|
"다 지원하지는 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"복사는 커스터마이즈 할 수 없습니다. (C++에서 복사 생성자를 통해 복사 동작을 "
|
|
"임의로 구현할 수 있는 것과 비교가 됩니다.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by "
|
|
"implementing the `Clone` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"복제는 보다 일반적인 작업이며, `Clone`트레잇을 구현하여 복제시 동작을 커스터"
|
|
"마이즈 할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:40
|
|
msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait."
|
|
msgstr "`Drop` 트레잇을 구현한 타입은 복사되지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29
|
|
msgid "In the above example, try the following:"
|
|
msgstr "위의 예시에서 다음을 시도해 보시기 바랍니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` "
|
|
"is not a `Copy` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Point`구조체에 `String`필드를 추가하세요. 컴파일 되지 않을 것입니다. 왜냐하"
|
|
"면 `String`은 `Copy`트레잇을 구현하고 있지 않기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the "
|
|
"`println!` for `p1`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`derive` 속성에서 `Copy`를 제거해 보세요. `p1`을 `println!` 할 때 컴파일 에러"
|
|
"가 발생할 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:46
|
|
msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead."
|
|
msgstr "`p1`을 복제하면 잘 동작함을 확인해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way "
|
|
"to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default "
|
|
"implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"만약 학생들이 `derive`에 대해 묻는다면, 컴파일 시 러스트에서 코드를 생성하는"
|
|
"방법이라고 말하는 것으로 충분합니다. 위 경우 `Copy`와 `Clone` 트레잇에 대한 "
|
|
"기본 구현이 생성됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a "
|
|
"function _borrow_ the value:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"함수 호출시 값의 소유권을 이동하는 대신의 함수가 값을 _빌려올 수_ 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22
|
|
msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`add` 함수는 두 `Point` 객체 값을 \\_빌려_와서 새로운 `Point` 객체를 반환합니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:23
|
|
msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs."
|
|
msgstr "`p1`과 `p2`의 소유권은 여전히 호출자(`main`함수)에 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27
|
|
msgid "Notes on stack returns:"
|
|
msgstr "스택에 할당된 값을 리턴하는 것에 대한 참고:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can "
|
|
"eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses "
|
|
"and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) or look at the "
|
|
"assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the \"DEBUG\" "
|
|
"optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay the same "
|
|
"when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`add`에서 값을 반환하는 것은 매우 값이 싸다는 것을 설명하세요. 왜냐하면, 컴파"
|
|
"일러가 복사 과정을 생략할 수 있기 때문입니다. 위 코드를 스택 주소를 출력하도"
|
|
"록 수정하고 [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)에서 수행해 보세요. 또"
|
|
"는 [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/)에서 어셈블리를 확인해 보세요. 최적화 "
|
|
"레벨이 \"DEBUG\" 일 때에는 주소가 바뀌지만, \"RELEASE\" 레벨에서는 바뀌지 않"
|
|
"습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n"
|
|
" p\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n"
|
|
" p\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:48
|
|
msgid "The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO)."
|
|
msgstr "러스트 컴파일러는 반환값 최적화(RVO)를 수행할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because "
|
|
"constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If "
|
|
"RVO did not happen, Rust will always perform a simple and efficient `memcpy` "
|
|
"copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"C++에서 copy elision은 생성자의 부수효과 가능성이 있어 언어레벨의 정의가 필요"
|
|
"하지만 러스트에서는 문제가 되지 않습니다. 만약 RVO가 발생하지 않으면 러스트"
|
|
"는 항상 간단하고 효율적인 `memcpy`복사를 수행할 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트에서는 값을 빌릴 때 다음과 같은 제약조건이 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5
|
|
msgid "You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_"
|
|
msgstr "한번에 하나 이상의 `&T` 값을 가지거나, _또는_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:6
|
|
msgid "You can have exactly one `&mut T` value."
|
|
msgstr "정확히 하나의 `&mut T` 값만을 가질 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" let b: &i32 = &a;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n"
|
|
" *c = 20;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" let b: &i32 = &a;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n"
|
|
" *c = 20;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through "
|
|
"`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 코드 컴파일 되지 않습니다. 왜냐하면 `c`는 `a`를 가변 변수로 빌렸고, 이와 "
|
|
"동시에 `b`는 `a`를 불변 변수로 빌렸기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` "
|
|
"to make the code compile."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`b`에 대한 `println!` 구분을 `c`가 있는 스코프 앞으로 이동하면 컴파일이 됩니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before "
|
|
"the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow "
|
|
"checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이렇게 바꾸면, 컴파일러는 `c`가 `a`를 가변 변수로 빌리기 전에만 `b`가 사용된"
|
|
"다는 것을 확인할 수 있습니다. 빌림 검사기의 이러한 기능을 \"non-lexical "
|
|
"lifetime\" 이라고 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3
|
|
msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:"
|
|
msgstr "빌려온 값은 _수명_을 갖습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5
|
|
msgid "The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`."
|
|
msgstr "수명은 생략할 수 있습니다: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:6
|
|
msgid "Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`."
|
|
msgstr "물론 명시할 수도 있습니다: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:7 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the "
|
|
"lifetime `a`\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&'a Point` 는 `Point`의 수명이 최소한 `'a`라는 수명보다는 같거나 더 길다는 "
|
|
"것을 의미합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime "
|
|
"yourself."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"수명은 항상 컴파일러가 자동으로 추론합니다. 직접 수명을 지정할 수는 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that there is "
|
|
"a valid solution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"수명 표기(`'`)은 수명 추론시 제약조건이 됩니다. 컴파일러는 이 제약조건을 만족"
|
|
"시키는 유요한 수명을 추론할 수 있는지 검사를 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, "
|
|
"but Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple "
|
|
"rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"원래, 함수의 인자와 리턴값에는 수명을 설정해야 합니다. 그러나 [몇 가지 조건]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)을 만족하는 대부분"
|
|
"의 경우에는 생략할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed "
|
|
"value:"
|
|
msgstr "함수는 인수를 빌리는 것 외에도 빌린 값을 반환할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21
|
|
msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler."
|
|
msgstr "`'a`는 제네릭 매개변수로 컴파일러로에 의해 추론됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:22
|
|
msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name."
|
|
msgstr "수명의 이름은 `'` 로 시작하며 보통 `'a`를 많이 씁니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"매개변수들이 서로 다른 스코프에 있을 경우 \"최소한\"이라는 조건이 중요합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), "
|
|
"resulting in the following code:"
|
|
msgstr "`p2`와 `p3`를 새로운 범위(`{...}`)로 아래 코드와 같이 이동해 봅니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p3: &Point;\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
|
|
" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p3: &Point;\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
|
|
" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:50
|
|
msgid "Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`p3`의 수명이 `p2` 보다 길기 때문에 이 예제는 컴파일되지 않음을 확인하시기 바"
|
|
"랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, "
|
|
"'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile "
|
|
"because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"작업공간을 초기화 한 후 함수 시그니처를 `fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, "
|
|
"p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`로 변경해 봅니다. 이 경우 `'a`와 `'b`사이의 관계"
|
|
"가 불분명하기 때문에 컴파일 되지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:53
|
|
msgid "Another way to explain it:"
|
|
msgstr "이 에러를 설명하는 또 다른 방법은 다음과 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function "
|
|
"returns another reference."
|
|
msgstr "이 함수는 두 값을 빌려서, 새로운 참조를 반환합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global variable)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 반환된 참조는 두 입력 중 하나로 부터 와야 합니다. (아니면 전역 변수로 부"
|
|
"터)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Which one is it? The compiler needs to know, so at the call site the "
|
|
"returned reference is not used for longer than a variable from where the "
|
|
"reference came from."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"두 입력 중 어떤 것일까요? 컴파일러는 이를 알아야 합니다. 그래야만 함수 호출부"
|
|
"에서 봤을 때, 반환된 참조의 수명이 원래 값을 수명보다 길지 않음을 확인할 수 "
|
|
"있기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"어떤 타입이 빌려온 데이터를 저장하고 있다면, 반드시 수명을 표시해야 합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn erase(text: String) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
|
|
"\");\n"
|
|
" let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n"
|
|
" let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n"
|
|
" // erase(text);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn erase(text: String) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
|
|
"\");\n"
|
|
" let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n"
|
|
" let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n"
|
|
" // erase(text);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data "
|
|
"underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of "
|
|
"`Highlight` that uses that data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위의 예제에서 `Highlight`의 어노테이션(`<'doc>`)은 적어도 `Highlight` 인스턴"
|
|
"스가 살아있는 동안에는 그 내부의 `&str`가 가리키는 데이터 역시 살아있어야 한"
|
|
"다는 것을 의미합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), "
|
|
"the borrow checker throws an error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"만약 `text`가 `fox` (혹은 `dog`)의 수명이 다하기 전에 `erase`함수 호출 등으"
|
|
"로 사라지게 된다면 빌림 검사기가 에러를 발생합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This "
|
|
"can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them "
|
|
"somewhat harder to use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"빌린 데이터를 가지고 있는 타입은 사용자로 하여금 원본 데이터를 유지하도록 강"
|
|
"제합니다. 이런 타입은 경량 뷰(lightweight view)를 만드는데 유용하지만, 이 제"
|
|
"약 조건 때문에 이런 타입을 사용하는 것이 쉽지만은 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:28
|
|
msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"따라서, 가능하다면, 구조체가 자신의 데이터를 직접 소유하도록 하는 것이 좋습니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime "
|
|
"annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime "
|
|
"relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime "
|
|
"of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"한 구조체안에 여러 참조가 있으면서, 이 참조들의 수명이 서로 다르게 지정되는 "
|
|
"경우도 있습니다. 이는 참조와 그 구조체 간의 관계 뿐만이 아니라, 그 참조들 사"
|
|
"이의 수명 관계를 설명해야 할 경우에 필요합니다. 매우 고급 기술입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "1일차 오후 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will look at two things:"
|
|
msgstr "이번 연습문제는 아래 두가지입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "A small book library,"
|
|
msgstr "작은 도서관,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid "Iterators and ownership (hard)."
|
|
msgstr "반복자와 소유권 (어려움)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec<T>` type tomorrow. For "
|
|
"now, you just need to know part of its API:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"우리는 내일 구조체와 `Vec<T>`에 대해 더 많은 것을 배울 것입니다. 일단 오늘은 "
|
|
"API의 일부만 알면 됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n"
|
|
" vec.push(30);\n"
|
|
" let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n"
|
|
" for item in &vec {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n"
|
|
" vec.push(30);\n"
|
|
" let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n"
|
|
" for item in &vec {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to "
|
|
"<https://play.rust-lang.org/> and update the types to make it compile:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 코드는 도서관에 있는 도서 컬랙션을 모델링 합니다. 아래 코드를 <https://"
|
|
"play.rust-lang.org/>에 복사한 후, 컴파일 되도록 수정해 봅시다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"struct Library {\n"
|
|
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" year: u16,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Book {\n"
|
|
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
" Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
" year,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n"
|
|
"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
|
|
"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
|
|
"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
|
|
"impl Library {\n"
|
|
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
" todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and "
|
|
"year\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
|
|
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
|
|
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
|
|
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library."
|
|
"is_empty());\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", "
|
|
"library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
|
|
" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"struct Library {\n"
|
|
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" year: u16,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Book {\n"
|
|
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
" Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
" year,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n"
|
|
"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
|
|
"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
|
|
"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
|
|
"impl Library {\n"
|
|
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
" todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and "
|
|
"year\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
|
|
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
|
|
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
|
|
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library."
|
|
"is_empty());\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", "
|
|
"library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
|
|
" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:102
|
|
msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
|
|
msgstr "[해답](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the "
|
|
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
|
|
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) "
|
|
"traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 소유권 모델은 많은 API에 반영이 되어 있습니다. 예를들어 [`Iterator`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) 와 [`IntoIterator`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) 같은 트레잇이 있"
|
|
"습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:8 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:28
|
|
msgid "`Iterator`"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. The "
|
|
"`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` "
|
|
"back:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"트레잇은 타입에 대한 행동(메서드)를 설명한다는 점에서 인터페이스와 유사합니"
|
|
"다. `Iterator`는 단순히 `None`이 나올때까지 `next`를 호출하는 것이 가능하다"
|
|
"는 것을 나타내는 트레잇입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"pub trait Iterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"pub trait Iterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:20
|
|
msgid "You use this trait like this:"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator` 트레잇은 이렇게 사용합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:34
|
|
msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:"
|
|
msgstr "반복자가 반환하는 값들은 타입이 뭘까요? 여기서 답을 테스트 해 보세요:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:46
|
|
msgid "Why is this type used?"
|
|
msgstr "왜 이런 타입이 사용되는 것일까요?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:48
|
|
msgid "`IntoIterator`"
|
|
msgstr "`IntoIterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an "
|
|
"iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the "
|
|
"iterator:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Iterator` 트레잇은 생성된 반복자를 _사용_하는 방법을 알려줍니다. 반면 "
|
|
"`IntoIterator` 트레잇은 반복자를 _생성_하는 방법을 알려줍니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"pub trait IntoIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item;\n"
|
|
" type IntoIter: Iterator<Item = Self::Item>;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"pub trait IntoIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item;\n"
|
|
" type IntoIter: Iterator<Item = Self::Item>;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:62
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must "
|
|
"declare two types:"
|
|
msgstr "`IntoIterator`의 모든 구현은 반드시 다음의 두 타입을 선언해야합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:65
|
|
msgid "`Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`,"
|
|
msgstr "`Item`: `i8`과 같이 반복되는 값의 타입,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:66
|
|
msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method."
|
|
msgstr "`IntoIter`: `into_iter` 메서드에서 반환되는 `Iterator`타입."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same "
|
|
"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option<Item>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`IntoIter`에는 `Item`이 연결되어 있음을 주목하세요. `IntoIter` 반복자는 "
|
|
"`Item` 타입의 데이터를 가리켜야 합니다. 즉, 반복자는 `Option<Item>`을 리턴합"
|
|
"니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:71
|
|
msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?"
|
|
msgstr "이전과 마찬가지로, 반복자가 반환하는 타입은 무엇입니까?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:73
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
|
|
"from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
|
|
"from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:83
|
|
msgid "`for` Loops"
|
|
msgstr "배열과 `for` 반복문"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:85
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` "
|
|
"loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the "
|
|
"resulting iterator:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"자, 이제 우리는 `Iterator`와 `IntoIterator`를 알았으므로 `for` 루프를 만들 "
|
|
"수 있습니다. `for` 루프는 `into_iter()`를 호출하여 반복자를 만든 다음 그 반복"
|
|
"자를 이용하여 요소들을 반복해서 접근합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:89
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
|
|
"from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for word in &v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for word in v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
|
|
"from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for word in &v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for word in v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:103
|
|
msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?"
|
|
msgstr "매 루프에서 `word`의 타입은 무엇입니까?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:105
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for [`impl "
|
|
"IntoIterator for &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
|
|
"html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl IntoIterator for "
|
|
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-"
|
|
"for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 코드에서 실험 해 본 후, 다음 문서를 참조해서 답변을 확인하시기 바랍니다:"
|
|
"[`impl IntoIterator for &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct."
|
|
"Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E), [`impl IntoIterator for "
|
|
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-"
|
|
"for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 2"
|
|
msgstr "2일차 개요"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3
|
|
msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:"
|
|
msgstr "상당한 분량의 러스트에 대해 보았고, 이어서 오늘 강의를 진행하겠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:5
|
|
msgid "Structs, enums, methods."
|
|
msgstr "구조체, 열거형, 메서드."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:7
|
|
msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays."
|
|
msgstr "패턴 매칭: 열거형, 구조체 그리고 배열 분해."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and "
|
|
"`continue`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"흐름 제어: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, 그리고 `continue`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, "
|
|
"`Rc` and `Arc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"표준 라이브러리: `String`, `Option` 과 `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc` 그리"
|
|
"고 `Arc`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:15
|
|
msgid "Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
|
|
msgstr "모듈: 가시성, 경로 및 파일 시스템 계층."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:3
|
|
msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:"
|
|
msgstr "C/C++ 와 마찬가지로 러스트는 커스텀 구조체를 지원합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut peter = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
" age: 27,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" peter.age = 28;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let jackie = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n"
|
|
" ..peter\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut peter = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
" age: 27,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" peter.age = 28;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let jackie = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n"
|
|
" ..peter\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:31 src/enums.md:34 src/enums/sizes.md:28 src/methods.md:30
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:46 src/pattern-matching.md:25
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 src/control-flow/blocks.md:43
|
|
msgid "Key Points:"
|
|
msgstr "키 포인트:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:33
|
|
msgid "Structs work like in C or C++."
|
|
msgstr "구조체는 C/C++ 와 유사합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:34
|
|
msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"C++ 와 같지만 C와는 달리 타입을 정의하기 위해 'typedef'가 필요하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:35
|
|
msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs."
|
|
msgstr "C++ 와 달리 구조체 간 상속은 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following "
|
|
"slides."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"메서드는 `impl`블록에 정의 합니다. 다음 슬라이드에서 확인 할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of "
|
|
"structs. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"사람들에게 다른 종류의 구조체가 있음을 알게 하기에 좋은 시간일 것입니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a "
|
|
"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the "
|
|
"value itself. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"0 크기 구조체(예: `struct Foo;`)는 데이터를 가지고 있지 않지만 특정 타입의 트"
|
|
"레잇을 구현할 때 유용합니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are "
|
|
"not important."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"다음 슬라이드에서는 필드 이름이 덜 중요할 때 사용할 수 있는 튜플 구조체를 소"
|
|
"개합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the "
|
|
"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be "
|
|
"the last element."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`..peter` 문법은 한 구조체에서 다른 구조체로 대부분의 값을 복사하려고 하는 경"
|
|
"우에 하나하나 타이핑하는 수고를 덜어줍니다. 반드시 맨 마지막에 와야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3
|
|
msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:"
|
|
msgstr "각 필드 이름이 중요하지 않다면 튜플 구조체를 사용할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(17, 23);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(17, 23);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14
|
|
msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"튜플 구조체는 종종 단일 필드의 래퍼(wrapper, 러스트에서 뉴타입(newtype)이라"
|
|
"고 부름)로 사용됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n"
|
|
"struct Newtons(f64);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n"
|
|
" todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
|
|
" set_thruster_force(force);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n"
|
|
"struct Newtons(f64);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n"
|
|
" todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
|
|
" set_thruster_force(force);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in "
|
|
"a primitive type, for example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"뉴타입은 기본 타입에 부가적인 의미를 더하는 좋은 방법입니다. 예를 들어:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:38
|
|
msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above."
|
|
msgstr "숫자값에 단위를 표시할 수 있음: 위에서 `Newtons`이 그 예입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have "
|
|
"to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)`or`OddNumber(u32)\\`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"값이 생성될 때 이미 유효성 검사를 통과 했으므로 추가적인 검사가 필요없습니"
|
|
"다: `PhoneNumber(String)`또는 `OddNumber(u32)`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the "
|
|
"single field in the newtype."
|
|
msgstr "`Newtons` 타입의 값에 `f64` 값을 더하는 방법을 보여주세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or "
|
|
"for instance using booleans as integers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 분명하지 않은 것을 싫어합니다. 예를 들면 자동으로 unwrap하거나 불리"
|
|
"언 값을 정수 값으로 사용하는 것들이 그렇습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:42
|
|
msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)."
|
|
msgstr "연산자 재정의는 3일차 제네릭 부분에서 다룹니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이는 [화성 기후 궤도선 (Mars Climate Orbiter)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
|
|
"Mars_Climate_Orbiter)의 실패 원인으로 지목된 도량형 입력 오류를 보여줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the "
|
|
"struct using a shorthand:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"구조체 필드와 동일한 이름의 변수가 있다면 아래와 같이 \"짧은 문법\"으로 구조"
|
|
"체를 생성할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
|
|
" Person { name, age }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
|
|
" Person { name, age }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is "
|
|
"interchangeable with the struct type name"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`new`함수를 다음처럼 구조체 이름 대신 `Self`를 사용하여 작성해도 됩니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { name, age }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { name, age }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use the "
|
|
"default values for the other fields."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Default` 트레잇을 구현해보세요. 필드 몇개는 초기화하고 나머지 필드는 디폴트 "
|
|
"값을 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"impl Default for Person {\n"
|
|
" fn default() -> Person {\n"
|
|
" Person {\n"
|
|
" name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
" age: 0,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"fn create_default() {\n"
|
|
" let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
" ..Person::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
" ..Person::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"impl Default for Person {\n"
|
|
" fn default() -> Person {\n"
|
|
" Person {\n"
|
|
" name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
" age: 0,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"fn create_default() {\n"
|
|
" let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
" ..Person::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
" ..Person::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:68
|
|
msgid "Methods are defined in the `impl` block."
|
|
msgstr "메서드는 `impl` 블록에 정의됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:69
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note that "
|
|
"the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`peter`와 구조체 업데이트 문법을 사용하여 새로운 구조체 인스턴스를 만들어보세"
|
|
"요. 이때, `peter`는 더이상 사용할 수 없게 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:70
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation."
|
|
msgstr "구조체를 `Debug` 형태로 출력하려면 `{:#?}`를 사용하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different "
|
|
"variants:"
|
|
msgstr "`enum` 키워드는 몇가지 유형(variant)으로 표현되는 타입을 생성합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n"
|
|
" 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
" Heads,\n"
|
|
" Tails,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
" let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
|
|
" if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n"
|
|
" 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
" Heads,\n"
|
|
" Tails,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
" let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
|
|
" if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:36
|
|
msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type"
|
|
msgstr "열거형은 값들의 집합을 하나의 타입으로 표현할 수 있게 합니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and "
|
|
"`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위의 `CoinFlip` 열거형 타입은 `Heads`와 `Tail` 두 가지 variant를 가집니다. 열"
|
|
"거형 타입의 variant는 네임스페이스를 붙여서 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:38
|
|
msgid "This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:"
|
|
msgstr "구조체와 열거형을 비교해 보겠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one "
|
|
"with different types of fields (variant payloads). "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"구조체나 열거형 모두, 필드가 하나도 없는 단순한 형태도 가능 하고, 여러 타입"
|
|
"의 필드를 가질 수도 있습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:40
|
|
msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block."
|
|
msgstr "둘 다 연관함수를 `impl`블록으로 정의 할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate "
|
|
"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were "
|
|
"all defined in an enum. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"열거형 타입의 각 variant를 별도의 구조체로 정의할 수도 있지만, 그러면 열거형"
|
|
"을 사용했을 때처럼 하나의 타입으로 취급할 수 없습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use "
|
|
"the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"좀더 복잡한 열거형의 경우 variant에 데이터(payload)를 포함시키도 합니다. 각 "
|
|
"variant에 담긴 데이터는 `match`문을 이용해 추출합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum WebEvent {\n"
|
|
" PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n"
|
|
" KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n"
|
|
" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
|
|
" match event {\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
|
|
" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
|
|
" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" inspect(load);\n"
|
|
" inspect(press);\n"
|
|
" inspect(click);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum WebEvent {\n"
|
|
" PageLoad, // 페이로드가 없는 유형\n"
|
|
" KeyPress(char), // 튜플 구조체 유형\n"
|
|
" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // 완전한 구조체 유형\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
|
|
" match event {\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
|
|
" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
|
|
" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" inspect(load);\n"
|
|
" inspect(press);\n"
|
|
" inspect(click);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern "
|
|
"matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" "
|
|
"after the `=>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"열거형 안의 값은 패턴 매칭이 되고 난 이후에만 접근 가능합니다. 그 값에 대한 "
|
|
"레퍼런스는 `=>` 이후에 사용가능합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There is "
|
|
"no fall-through like in C or C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"매치 패턴들은 위에서 아래로 순서에 따라 검사합니다. C나 C++에서와 같은 fall-"
|
|
"through는 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the "
|
|
"match arm which was executed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"매치 표현식 자체는 값을 가집니다. 그 값은 매칭이 된 패턴에서 가장 마지막에 수"
|
|
"행된 표현식이 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run "
|
|
"the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"가장 위에서 부터 어떤 패턴이 주어진 값과 매칭하는지 검사한 다음, 매칭된 것이 "
|
|
"발견되면 화살표를 따라 코드를 수행합니다. 한 번 매칭이 되고 코드가 수행이 되"
|
|
"면, 더이상의 매칭은 없습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage "
|
|
"the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"매칭 패턴들이 불충분 하다면 어떤 일이 일어나는지 설명하세요. 러스트 컴파일러"
|
|
"는 모든 가능한 케이스들이 핸들링 되는지 체크한다는 점을 상기시키세요. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:40
|
|
msgid "`match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`match`는 주어진 열거형 값이 실제로 어떤 variant인지 판단하기 위해, 그 "
|
|
"variant의 종류가 기록된, 숨겨진 필드(식별자)의 값을 검사합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::"
|
|
"discriminant()`"
|
|
msgstr "`std::mem::discriminant()`를 이용하여 식별자를 얻을 수도 있습니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where "
|
|
"comparing field values doesn't affect equality."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이는 각 필드 값을 굳이 비교할 필요 없는 구조체에 대해 `PartialEq` 트레잇을 구"
|
|
"현할 때 유용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::"
|
|
"Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version "
|
|
"cannot implement traits, for example."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`WebEvent::Click { ... }`은 최상위 레벨 구조체 `struct Click {...}`를 따로 정"
|
|
"의하고 `WebEvent::Click(Click)`처럼 튜플 형태로 정의한 것과 정확히 같진 않습"
|
|
"니다. 예를 들어 `WebEvent::Click { ... }` 로 정의한 경우, 구조체 형태와 유사"
|
|
"하지만 트레잇을 구현 할 수 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into "
|
|
"account:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 열거형은 정렬(alignment)로 인한 제약을 고려하여 크기를 빽빽하게 잡습"
|
|
"니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::any::type_name;\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn dbg_size<T>() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n"
|
|
" type_name::<T>(), size_of::<T>(), align_of::<T>());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"enum Foo {\n"
|
|
" A,\n"
|
|
" B,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" dbg_size::<Foo>();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::any::type_name;\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn dbg_size<T>() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n"
|
|
" type_name::<T>(), size_of::<T>(), align_of::<T>());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"enum Foo {\n"
|
|
" A,\n"
|
|
" B,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" dbg_size::<Foo>();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"자세한 사항은 [공식문서](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
|
|
"html)를 확인하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum "
|
|
"variant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 열거형 variant를 구분하기 위해 내부적으로 식별자(discriminant) 필드"
|
|
"를 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):"
|
|
msgstr "C와의 연동을 위해 식별자 값을 직접 지정할 수도 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[repr(u32)]\n"
|
|
"enum Bar {\n"
|
|
" A, // 0\n"
|
|
" B = 10000,\n"
|
|
" C, // 10001\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[repr(u32)]\n"
|
|
"enum Bar {\n"
|
|
" A, // 0\n"
|
|
" B = 10000,\n"
|
|
" C, // 10001\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 "
|
|
"bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`repr` 속성이 없다면 10001이 2 바이트로 표현가능하기 때문에 식별자의 타입 크"
|
|
"기는 2 바이트가 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:53
|
|
msgid "Try out other types such as"
|
|
msgstr "다른 타입들도 확인해보세요"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:55
|
|
msgid "`dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes,"
|
|
msgstr "`dbg_size!(bool)`: 크기 1 바이트, 정렬: 1 바이트,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche optimization, "
|
|
"see below),"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: 크기 1 바이트, 정렬: 1 바이트 (니치 최적화, 아래 "
|
|
"설명 참조)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:57
|
|
msgid "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine),"
|
|
msgstr "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: 크기 8 바이트, 정렬: 8 바이트 (64비트 머신인 경우)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer "
|
|
"optimization, see below)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: 크기 8 바이트, 정렬: 8 바이트 (널포인터 최적화, 아"
|
|
"래 설명 참조)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Niche optimization: Rust will merge unused bit patterns for the enum "
|
|
"discriminant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"니치 최적화: 러스트는 열거형 식별자를 사용되지 않은 비트 패턴과 병합합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::<T>()` equals "
|
|
"`size_of::<Option<T>>()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"널포인터 최적화: [어떤 타입들](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/"
|
|
"#representation)에 대해서 러스트는 `size_of::<T>()`가 `size_of::"
|
|
"<Option<T>>()`와 같은 것을 보장합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:67
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look "
|
|
"like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no "
|
|
"guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"실제로 널포인터 최적화가 적용된 것을 확인하고 싶다면 아래의 예제코드를 사용하"
|
|
"세요. 주의할 점은, 여기에서 보여주는 비트 패턴이 컴파일러가 보장해 주는 것은 "
|
|
"아니라는 점입니다. 여기에 의존하는 것은 완전히 unsafe합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:70
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
|
|
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, "
|
|
"$bit_type>($e));\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
|
|
" // representation of types.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<bool>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<bool>, u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<Option<bool>>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(None::<bool>), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<Option<bool>>, u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
|
|
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, "
|
|
"$bit_type>($e));\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
|
|
" // representation of types.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<bool>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<bool>, u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<Option<bool>>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(None::<bool>), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<Option<bool>>, u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:105
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more "
|
|
"than 256 `Option`s together."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래는 좀 더 복잡한 예제입니다. 256개 이상의 `Option`이 중첩되어 연결되어 있"
|
|
"을 경우 어떻게 되는지 보여줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:107
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
|
|
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, "
|
|
"$bit_type>($e));\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" "
|
|
"signs.\n"
|
|
"// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n"
|
|
"macro_rules! many_options {\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr, @) => {\n"
|
|
" Some(Some($value))\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n"
|
|
" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
|
|
" // representation of types.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), "
|
|
"Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::<bool>, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
|
|
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, "
|
|
"$bit_type>($e));\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" "
|
|
"signs.\n"
|
|
"// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n"
|
|
"macro_rules! many_options {\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr, @) => {\n"
|
|
" Some(Some($value))\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n"
|
|
" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
|
|
" // representation of types.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), "
|
|
"Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::<bool>, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with "
|
|
"an `impl` block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트에서 선언된 타입에 대해 `impl`블록에 함수를 선언하여 메서드를 연결 할 "
|
|
"수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let peter = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
" age: 27,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" peter.say_hello();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let peter = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
" age: 27,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" peter.say_hello();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:31
|
|
msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions."
|
|
msgstr "메서드를 함수와 비교하여 소개하는 것도 도움이 될 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the "
|
|
"first parameter represents the instance as `self`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"메서드는 구조체나 열거형과 같은 타입의 인스턴스에서 호출 되며, 첫번째 매개변"
|
|
"수(파라메터)는 인스턴스를 `self`로 표기합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver "
|
|
"syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep "
|
|
"all the implementation code in one predictable place."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"메서드를 이용하면 receiver 문법을 사용할 수 있고 코드를 좀더 체계적으로 정리"
|
|
"할 수 있습니다. 메서드들이 예측 가능한 위치에 모여 있으니 찾기 쉽습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:34
|
|
msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver."
|
|
msgstr "메서드 receiver인 `self` 키워드 사용을 언급해 주시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how "
|
|
"the struct name could also be used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"예제의 경우 `self: &Self`의 줄인 버전임을 알려주고, 구조체의 이름을 직접 사용"
|
|
"하면 어떻게 되는지 보여주는 것도 좋습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and "
|
|
"can be used elsewhere in the block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`impl` 블록 내부에서는 `Self`가 해당 타입의 이름 대용으로 사용될 수 있음을 알"
|
|
"려주세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to "
|
|
"refer to individual fields."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"구조체의 필드를 접근할 때 점 표기를 사용하듯이 `self`에 점 표기를 사용하여 개"
|
|
"별 필드들을 접근할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` "
|
|
"by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`say_hello` 함수가 두 번 호출되도록 코드를 수정하여 `&self`와 `self`가 어떻"
|
|
"게 다른지 보여주는 것도 좋습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:39
|
|
msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next."
|
|
msgstr "다음 슬라이드에서 receiver의 구분을 설명합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. "
|
|
"There are other possible receivers for a method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&self`는 메서드가 객체를 불변하게 빌려옴을 나타냅니다. 메서드의 리시버는 다"
|
|
"음의 형태들이 가능합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable "
|
|
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&self`: 호출자로부터 공유가능한 불변 참조 방식으로 객체를 빌려옴을 나타냅니"
|
|
"다. 객체는 메소드 호출 뒤에도 사용될 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable "
|
|
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&mut self`: 호출자로부터 유일한 가변 참조 방식으로 객체를 빌려옴을 나타냅니"
|
|
"다. 객체는 메소드 호출 뒤에도 사용될 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The "
|
|
"method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped "
|
|
"(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly "
|
|
"transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`self`: 호출자로부터 객체의 소유권을 가져오고 객체는 호출자로부터 메소드로 이"
|
|
"동됩니다. 메소드가 객체를 소유하게 되며 따라서 명시적으로 소유권을 다른 곳으"
|
|
"로 전달하지 않는다면 메서드 종료와 함께 객체는 drop(해제)됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:14
|
|
msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`mut self`: 위와 동일하지만 메서드가 객체의 소유권을 가지면서 동시에 객체를 "
|
|
"수정할 수도 있습니다. 소유권을 가지는 것이 수정할 수 있음을 의미하는 것은 아"
|
|
"닙니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to "
|
|
"create constructors which are called `new` by convention."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"리시버 없음: 구조체의 정적 메서드가 됩니다. 주로 생성자를 만들때 사용하게 되"
|
|
"며, 생성자는 흔히 `new`라고 이름붙입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be "
|
|
"receiver types, such as `Box<Self>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`self`를 사용하는 이같은 변형들 외에도 `Box<Self>`와 같이 리시버 타입으로 허"
|
|
"용되는 [특별한 래퍼 타입](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-"
|
|
"and-traits.html)이 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". "
|
|
"These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, "
|
|
"and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a struct from "
|
|
"multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\"공유가능한 불변\"과 \"유일한 가변\" 부분은 강조할 만합니다. 이러한 제약은 "
|
|
"러스트의 빌림 검사기(borrow checker) 규칙으로 늘 붙어다닙니다. `self`도 예외"
|
|
"는 아닙니다. 여러 위치에서 구조체를 참조하면서 객체를 수정하는(`&mut self`를 "
|
|
"리시버로 하는) 메서드를 호출하는 것은 불가능합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Race {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" laps: Vec<i32>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Race {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n"
|
|
" Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write "
|
|
"access to self\n"
|
|
" self.laps.push(lap);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n"
|
|
" for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n"
|
|
" let total = self.laps.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, "
|
|
"total);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(70);\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(68);\n"
|
|
" race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(71);\n"
|
|
" race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
" race.finish();\n"
|
|
" // race.add_lap(42);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Race {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" laps: Vec<i32>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Race {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n"
|
|
" Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write "
|
|
"access to self\n"
|
|
" self.laps.push(lap);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n"
|
|
" for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n"
|
|
" let total = self.laps.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, "
|
|
"total);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(70);\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(68);\n"
|
|
" race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(71);\n"
|
|
" race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
" race.finish();\n"
|
|
" // race.add_lap(42);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:47
|
|
msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver."
|
|
msgstr "이 네 개의 메서드는 서로 다른 유형의 리시버를 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the "
|
|
"variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"리시버의 유형에 따라 함수가 할 수 있는 일이 달라지고, 또 메소드를 호출한 뒤 "
|
|
"`main`에서 해당 객체를 사용할 수 있는지 여부도 달라진다는 점을 강조하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice."
|
|
msgstr "`finish`를 두번 호출하여 오류가 발생하는 것을 보일 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static "
|
|
"functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic "
|
|
"referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds "
|
|
"in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"비록 메서드 receiver는 다르지만 main 함수에서 비 정적 함수를 부르는 방법은 같"
|
|
"습니다. 러스트는 메서드를 호출할 때 자동으로 참조/역참조(따라가기)를 수행합니"
|
|
"다. 러스트는 객체와 매서드 시그니처가 서로 매치되도록 객체에 `&`, `*`, `muts`"
|
|
"를 자동으로 붙여줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated "
|
|
"over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`print_laps`함수에서 벡터를 어떤 식으로 사용하고 있는지 언급하는 것도 좋습니"
|
|
"다. 벡터는 오후 강의에서 더 자세히 설명할 것입니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. "
|
|
"The comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`match`키워드는 값을 여러 형태의 패턴과 매치시킬 수 있습니다. 맨 위 패턴부터 "
|
|
"하나씩 매치되는지 검사하며, 처음으로 매치되는 패턴이 선택됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:6
|
|
msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:"
|
|
msgstr "C/C++의 `switch`와 비슷하게 값을 패턴으로 사용할 수도 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let input = 'x';\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" match input {\n"
|
|
" 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n"
|
|
" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n"
|
|
" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let input = 'x';\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" match input {\n"
|
|
" 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n"
|
|
" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n"
|
|
" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:21
|
|
msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value."
|
|
msgstr "`_`패턴은 어떤 값과도 매칭되는 와일드카드입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a "
|
|
"pattern"
|
|
msgstr "패턴에서 사용되는 특수 문자들을 알려주세요"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:27
|
|
msgid "`|` as an `or`"
|
|
msgstr "`|`: or 기호입니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:28
|
|
msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be"
|
|
msgstr "`..`: 필요한 만큼 확장합니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:29
|
|
msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range"
|
|
msgstr "`1..=5`: 끝 값(여기서는 5)을 포함하는 범위를 나타냅니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:30
|
|
msgid "`_` is a wild card"
|
|
msgstr "`_`: 와일드카드입니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a "
|
|
"wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"와일드카드 문자를 변수로 바꾸거나 `q`의 따옴표를 제거하는 식으로 수정하면서 "
|
|
"바인딩이 어떻게 작동하는지 보여주는 것도 유용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:32
|
|
msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference."
|
|
msgstr "참조를 매칭하는 것도 시연할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, "
|
|
"as the term can show up in error messages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"에러 메시지에 \"반박 불가능 패턴(irrefutable pattern)\"이란 용어가 등장하기"
|
|
"도 합니다. 지금 그 의미를 소개하는 것도 좋을 것 같습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is "
|
|
"how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple "
|
|
"`enum` type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"구조체나 열거형 값의 일부를 패턴 매치를 통해 변수에 바인딩할 수 있습니다. 간"
|
|
"단한 `enum` 타입을 먼저 살펴보겠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum Result {\n"
|
|
" Ok(i32),\n"
|
|
" Err(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
|
|
" if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let n = 100;\n"
|
|
" match divide_in_two(n) {\n"
|
|
" Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n"
|
|
" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum Result {\n"
|
|
" Ok(i32),\n"
|
|
" Err(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
|
|
" if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let n = 100;\n"
|
|
" match divide_in_two(n) {\n"
|
|
" Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n"
|
|
" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first "
|
|
"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second "
|
|
"arm, `msg` is bound to the error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`match`구문에서 `divide_in_two`함수에서 반환되는 `Result` 값을 두 개의 팔(혹"
|
|
"은 가지)로 _분해(destructure)_ 하였습니다. 첫번째 팔에서 `half`는 `Ok` "
|
|
"variant에 담긴 값으로 바인딩됩니다. 두번째 팔에서 `msg`는 오류 메시지 문자열"
|
|
"에 바인딩됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with "
|
|
"a `match`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`if`/`else` 표현식은 열거형을 반환하고, 이 값은 나중에 `match`로 분해됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the "
|
|
"errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now "
|
|
"inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"열거형에 세번째 variant를 추가하고 코드를 실행하여 오류를 표시해보세요. 코드 "
|
|
"어느 부분에 누락이 있는지, 그리고 컴파일러가 어떤 식으로 힌트를 주는지 같이 "
|
|
"살펴보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3
|
|
msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:"
|
|
msgstr "`struct` 구조체 역시 분해할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Foo {\n"
|
|
" x: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
" y: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n"
|
|
" match foo {\n"
|
|
" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n"
|
|
" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n"
|
|
" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were "
|
|
"ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Foo {\n"
|
|
" x: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
" y: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n"
|
|
" match foo {\n"
|
|
" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n"
|
|
" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n"
|
|
" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were "
|
|
"ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23
|
|
msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns."
|
|
msgstr "`foo`의 리터럴 값을 다른 패턴과 일치하도록 변경합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:24
|
|
msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed."
|
|
msgstr "`Foo`에 새 필드를 추가하고 필요에 따라 패턴을 변경합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to "
|
|
"spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it "
|
|
"subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"캡처와 상수 표현식은 구분하기 어려울 수 있습니다. 두 번째 부문의 `2`를 변수"
|
|
"로 변경해 보고 작동하지 않는 것을 확인하세요. `const`로 변경하고 다시 작동하"
|
|
"는지 확인합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"배열이나 튜플, 슬라이스도 그 요소들에 대해 패턴 매칭으로 분해할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match triple {\n"
|
|
" [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
" [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match triple {\n"
|
|
" [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
" [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed "
|
|
"length."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"길이를 알 수 없는 슬라이스에 대해서도 고정 길이 패턴으로 분해할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n"
|
|
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match slice {\n"
|
|
" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n"
|
|
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match slice {\n"
|
|
" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:41
|
|
msgid "Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. "
|
|
msgstr "`_`를 사용하여 요소를 매칭하는 패턴을 추가해보세요. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:42
|
|
msgid "Add more values to the array."
|
|
msgstr "배열에 값을 더 추가해보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of "
|
|
"elements."
|
|
msgstr "`..`가 요소 개수에 상관없이 매치될 수 있음을 알려주세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:44
|
|
msgid "Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`[.., b]`나 `[a@.., b]`와 같은 패턴으로 꼬리 부분을 매칭하는 것을 보여주세요"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary "
|
|
"Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"패턴 뒤에 가드(guard, 조건식)를 덧붙일 수 있습니다. 가드는 패턴이 매치되면 추"
|
|
"가로 따져보는 불리언 표현식입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let pair = (2, -2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match pair {\n"
|
|
" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n"
|
|
" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n"
|
|
" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let pair = (2, -2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match pair {\n"
|
|
" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n"
|
|
" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n"
|
|
" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when "
|
|
"we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would "
|
|
"allow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"매치 가드는 별도의 문법 요소로서 패턴 자체만으로 표현하기 어려운 복잡한 경우"
|
|
"를 간결하게 표현하고자 할 때 유용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. "
|
|
"An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the "
|
|
"match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't "
|
|
"result in other arms of the original `match` expression being considered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"매치의 각 팔(혹은 가지) 안에 따로 `if`를 사용한 것과 다릅니다. 매치 가지의 "
|
|
"`=>` 뒤에 사용된 `if` 표현식은 해당 가지가 선택된 다음에 실행됩니다. 따라서 "
|
|
"여기서 `if` 조건이 실패하더라도 원래 `match`의 다른 가지는 고려되지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:26
|
|
msgid "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression."
|
|
msgstr "패턴에 정의된 변수를 가드의 표현식에서 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern "
|
|
"with an `|`."
|
|
msgstr "가드에 정의된 조건은 `|` 를 포함하는 패턴의 모든 표현식에 적용됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "2일차 오전 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:"
|
|
msgstr "이번 연습문제들은 두가지 맥락에서 메서드 구현방법을 다룹니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "Simple struct which tracks health statistics."
|
|
msgstr "건강 상태 통계를 추적하는 프로그램의 간단한 구조체."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:7
|
|
msgid "Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library."
|
|
msgstr "드로잉 라이브러리를 위한 구조체 및 열거헝."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, "
|
|
"you need to keep track of users' health statistics."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"당신은 건강 상태를 모니터링하는 시스템을 구현하는 일을 하고 있습니다. 그 일환"
|
|
"으로 당신은 사용자의 건강 상태 통계를 추적해야합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a "
|
|
"`User` struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods "
|
|
"on the `User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"당신의 목표는 `User` 구조체의 `impl` 블록의 빈 함수를 구현하는 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
|
|
"methods:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 코드를 <https://play.rust-lang.org/>에 복사해서 빠진 메서드를 구현하면 "
|
|
"됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct User {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u32,\n"
|
|
" height: f32,\n"
|
|
" visit_count: usize,\n"
|
|
" last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Measurements {\n"
|
|
" height: f32,\n"
|
|
" blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct HealthReport<'a> {\n"
|
|
" patient_name: &'a str,\n"
|
|
" visit_count: u32,\n"
|
|
" height_change: f32,\n"
|
|
" blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl User {\n"
|
|
" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn doctor_visits(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> "
|
|
"HealthReport {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_height() {\n"
|
|
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_set_age() {\n"
|
|
" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
|
|
" bob.set_age(33);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_visit() {\n"
|
|
" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n"
|
|
" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
" height: 156.1,\n"
|
|
" blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
" height: 156.1,\n"
|
|
" blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct User {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u32,\n"
|
|
" height: f32,\n"
|
|
" visit_count: usize,\n"
|
|
" last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Measurements {\n"
|
|
" height: f32,\n"
|
|
" blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct HealthReport<'a> {\n"
|
|
" patient_name: &'a str,\n"
|
|
" visit_count: u32,\n"
|
|
" height_change: f32,\n"
|
|
" blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl User {\n"
|
|
" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn doctor_visits(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> "
|
|
"HealthReport {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_height() {\n"
|
|
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_set_age() {\n"
|
|
" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
|
|
" bob.set_age(33);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_visit() {\n"
|
|
" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n"
|
|
" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
" height: 156.1,\n"
|
|
" blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
" height: 156.1,\n"
|
|
" blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:1
|
|
msgid "Polygon Struct"
|
|
msgstr "Polygon 구조체"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code "
|
|
"below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing methods to "
|
|
"make the tests pass:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"우리는 몇개의 꼭지점을 가진 다각형을 표현하는 `Polygon` 구조체를 만들 것입니"
|
|
"다. 아래 코드를 <https://play.rust-lang.org/>에 복사해서 테스트가 통과하도록 "
|
|
"빠진 메서드를 구현하시면 됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Point {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Circle {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
" Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
" let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
" .iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Point {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Circle {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
" Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
" let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
" .iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:117
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key "
|
|
"part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify "
|
|
"the tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"누락된 메서드 시그니처를 올바르게 정의하는 것이 문제의 핵심 부분입니다. 테스"
|
|
"트는 수정하면 안됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:120
|
|
msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:"
|
|
msgstr "연습문제의 다른 흥미로운 부분:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:122
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes "
|
|
"don't borrow their arguments."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"테스트 코드를 보면 어떤 메서드들은 인자를 borrow하는 대신 `Copy` 트레잇을 사"
|
|
"용하기도 합니다. 구조체가 `Copy` 트레잇을 상속(derive)하도록 하면 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:123
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable "
|
|
"via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\"+\"를 사용하여 두 객체를 서로 더하려면 `Add` 트레잇을 구현해야 합니다. 이"
|
|
"는 3일차에 다룰 내용입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally "
|
|
"evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then "
|
|
"becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions "
|
|
"work similarly in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"앞에서 살펴본 바와 같이 러스트에서 `if`는 표현식입니다. 조건에 따라 두 블록 "
|
|
"중 하나를 평가하며, 그 결과값이 `if` 표현식의 값이 됩니다. 다른 흐름제어 표현"
|
|
"식도 유사하게 작동합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions. Each block has a value "
|
|
"and a type, which are those of the last expression of the block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트에서 블록은 값과 타입을 갖습니다. 블록의 마지막 표현식이 블록의 값이 됩"
|
|
"니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = {\n"
|
|
" let y = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
" let z = {\n"
|
|
" let w = {\n"
|
|
" 3 + 4\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n"
|
|
" y * w\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n"
|
|
" z - y\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = {\n"
|
|
" let y = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
" let z = {\n"
|
|
" let w = {\n"
|
|
" 3 + 4\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n"
|
|
" y * w\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n"
|
|
" z - y\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is "
|
|
"`()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위의 `main` 함수는 마지막 표현식이 `;`로 끝나기 때문에 반환되는 값과 타입이 "
|
|
"`()`입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the "
|
|
"return value:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"함수에도 동일한 규칙이 적용됩니다. 함수 바디를 이루는 블록의 값이 반환값이 됩"
|
|
"니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" x + x\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" x + x\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in "
|
|
"Rust. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트에서는 블록이 타입과 값을 가진다는 점이 이 슬라이드의 핵심입니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in "
|
|
"the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"블록 마지막 줄을 수정하면서 블록의 값이 어떻게 바뀌는지 보여주세요. 예를 들"
|
|
"어, 세미콜론을 넣거나 뺀다든지, 아니면 `return`을 사용해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "`if` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "`if` 표현식"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
|
|
"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"다른 언어의 `if` 문과 똑같이 [`if` 표현식](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"reference/expressions/if-expr.html#if-expressions)을 사용합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each "
|
|
"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"게다가 `if`는 표현식으로 사용할 수도 있습니다. 아래 코드는 위와 동일합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its "
|
|
"branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if you "
|
|
"add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`if`는 표현식이고 타입을 가져야 하므로 분기 블록은 모두 같은 타입을 가져야 합"
|
|
"니다. 두번째 예시의 `x / 2` 뒤에 `;`를 추가하여 어떻게 되는지 확인해 보시기 "
|
|
"바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "`if let` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "`if let` 표현식"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
|
|
"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on "
|
|
"whether a value matches a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`if let` 표현식](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-expr."
|
|
"html#if-let-expressions)을 사용하면 값이 패턴과 일치하는지에 따라 다른 코드"
|
|
"를 실행할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n"
|
|
" if let Some(value) = arg {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Missing name?\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n"
|
|
" if let Some(value) = arg {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Missing name?\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:18
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns "
|
|
"in Rust."
|
|
msgstr "패턴에 관한 설명은 [패턴 매칭](../pattern-matching.md)을 참조하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make "
|
|
"it more concise than `match`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`if let`이 `match`보다 더 간결할 수 있습니다(예: 한가지 브랜치만 흥미로운 경"
|
|
"우). 이와 달리 `match`에서는 모든 브랜치가 처리되어야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:24
|
|
msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`."
|
|
msgstr "일반적 사용법은 `Option`을 사용할 때 `Some` 값을 처리하는 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`match`와 달리 `if let`은 패턴 일치를 위한 보호 절을 지원하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/"
|
|
"flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a destructuring "
|
|
"assignment, or if it fails, execute a block which is required to abort "
|
|
"normal control flow (with `panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"1.65부터 유사한 [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/"
|
|
"flow_control/let_else.html) 구성은 디스트럭처링 할당을 실행하거나 실패할 경"
|
|
"우 반환되지 않는 블록 브랜치(panic/return/break/continue)를 보유하도록 허용합"
|
|
"니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option<String> {\n"
|
|
" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n"
|
|
" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n"
|
|
" return None;\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option<String> {\n"
|
|
" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n"
|
|
" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n"
|
|
" return None;\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "`while` loops"
|
|
msgstr "`while` 반복문"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-"
|
|
"expr.html#predicate-loops) works very similar to other languages:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`while` 키워드](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr."
|
|
"html#predicate-loops)는 다른 언어와 매우 비슷하게 작동합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" while x != 1 {\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" while x != 1 {\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "`while let` loops"
|
|
msgstr "`while let` 반복문"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which "
|
|
"repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"마지막으로, 무한 루프를 만드는 [`loop` 키워드](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops)가 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here the iterator returned by `v.into_iter()` will return a `Option<i32>` on "
|
|
"every call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which "
|
|
"it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all "
|
|
"items."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`v.into_iter()`가 반환한 반복자는 `next()`가 호출될 때마다 `Option<i32>`를 반"
|
|
"환합니다. 반복자가 완료될 때까지는 `Some(x)`를 반환하고 마지막엔 `None`을 반"
|
|
"환합니다. `while let`을 통해 반복자의 모든 아이템을 확인할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value "
|
|
"matches the pattern."
|
|
msgstr "`while let`은 값이 패턴에 매치되는 동안 계속됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if "
|
|
"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. "
|
|
"The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`while let` 루프 대신 무한 루프를 사용하고 `iter.next()`가 빈 값을 반환할 때 "
|
|
"루프를 빠져나오도록 작성할수도 있습니다. `while let`은 그러한 경우를 위한 문"
|
|
"법적 편의를 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "`for` loops"
|
|
msgstr "`for` 반복문"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is closely "
|
|
"related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It will "
|
|
"automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`for` 반복문은 `while let` 반복문과 매우 유사합니다. `for` 반복문은 자동으로 "
|
|
"`into_iter()`를 호출한 다음 이를 반복합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for x in v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for x in v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:21
|
|
msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual."
|
|
msgstr "다른 언어와 마찬가지로 `break` 와 `continue`를 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:25
|
|
msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case."
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 인덱스 기반의 반복을 위한 별도의 문법을 사용하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:26
|
|
msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. "
|
|
msgstr "`(0..10)`은 `Iterator` 트레잇을 구현하는 범위(range) 값입니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other "
|
|
"element. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`step_by`는 반복자의 요소들을 건너뛰는 또다른 `Iterator`를 반환하는 메서드입"
|
|
"니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change "
|
|
"vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"벡터 요소들을 수정하려고 하면 나오는 컴파일러 에러를 같이 살펴보세요. `v` 벡"
|
|
"터를 가변 변수로 변경하고 루프는 `for x in v.iter_mut()`로 수정하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "`loop` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "`loop` 표현식"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
|
|
"expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) which creates an endless loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"마지막으로, 무한 루프를 만드는 [`loop` 키워드](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops)가 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6
|
|
msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:"
|
|
msgstr "따라서 반드시 `break` 또는 `return`을 사용해서 루프를 정지해야 합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" if x == 1 {\n"
|
|
" break;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" if x == 1 {\n"
|
|
" break;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27
|
|
msgid "Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out."
|
|
msgstr "`loop`를 값(예: `break 8`)으로 나누고 출력합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial "
|
|
"value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike "
|
|
"`while` and `for` loops)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`loop`는 non-trivial 값을 반환하는 유일한 반복문입니다. 이는 `while` 및 "
|
|
"`for` 반복문과 달리 최소한 한 번은 루프문을 수행하는 것이 보장되기 때문입니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "`match` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "`match` 표현식"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-"
|
|
"expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In that "
|
|
"sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`match`키워드는 어떤 값을 하나 이상의 패턴에 대해 매치하는데 사용합니다. 그"
|
|
"런 면에서 `if let` 표현식을 여러개 이어 놓은 것과 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n"
|
|
" Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n"
|
|
" None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n"
|
|
" Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n"
|
|
" None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last "
|
|
"expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`if let`과 마찬가지로 매치의 모든 팔(arm)은 같은 타입이어야 합니다. 팔이 블록"
|
|
"이라면 블록의 마지막 표현식이 그 타입이 됩니다. 위의 예제에서 매치 표현식의 "
|
|
"타입은 `()`입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:28
|
|
msgid "Save the match expression to a variable and print it out."
|
|
msgstr "`match` 표현식을 변수에 할당하고 그 값을 출력해보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:29
|
|
msgid "Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error."
|
|
msgstr "`.as_deref()`를 지워보고, 이 때 나오는 에러를 설명해주세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option<String>`, but we cannot match "
|
|
"against `String`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std::env::args().next()`는 `Option<String>` 값을 반환하는데, `String`은 직"
|
|
"접 매치할 수 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`as_deref()` transforms an `Option<T>` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our case, "
|
|
"this turns `Option<String>` into `Option<&str>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`as_deref()`는 `Option<T>`를 `Option<&T::Target>`으로 바꿔줍니다. 이 경우는 "
|
|
"`Option<String>`에서 `Option<&str>`로 바뀝니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`."
|
|
msgstr "이제는 패턴 매칭으로 `Option` 안의 `&str`을 매치할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1
|
|
msgid "`break` and `continue`"
|
|
msgstr "`break`와 `continue`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to exit a loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions),"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"루프를 조기에 종료하려면 [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
|
|
"expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions)를 사용합니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:4
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"다음 반복을 즉시 시작하려면 [`continue`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
|
|
"expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)를 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is "
|
|
"used to break out of nested loops:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"루프를 빠져나가려면 `break`를, 다음 반복으로 넘어가기 위해서는 `continue`를 "
|
|
"사용합니다. 중첩 루프에서는 레이블과 함께 사용할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
" 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" let mut i = 0;\n"
|
|
" while i < x {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" i += 1;\n"
|
|
" if i == 3 {\n"
|
|
" break 'outer;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
" 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" let mut i = 0;\n"
|
|
" while i < x {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" i += 1;\n"
|
|
" if i == 3 {\n"
|
|
" break 'outer;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 예제는 내부의 `while` 루프를 3회 반복한 후 바깥 루프를 빠져나갑니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common "
|
|
"types used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work "
|
|
"together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트에서 제공하는 표준 라이브러리는 러스트로 라이브러리나 프로그램을 작성"
|
|
"할 때 공통적으로 사용할 수 있는 여러 타입들을 포함하고 있습니다. 이를 통해 서"
|
|
"로 다른 두 라이브러리라 하더라도 함께 사용하는데 큰 어려움이 없게 됩니다. 예"
|
|
"를 들면 두 라이브러리 모두 같은 `String` 타입을 사용하기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:7
|
|
msgid "The common vocabulary types include:"
|
|
msgstr "일반적인 타입은 아래와 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional "
|
|
"values and [error handling](error-handling.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Option`과 `Result`](std/option-result.md) : 어떤 값이 있거나 없거나 하는 경"
|
|
"우, 그리고 [오류 처리](error-handling.md)에 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:12
|
|
msgid "[`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`String`](std/string.md): 기본적인 문자열 타입으로, 문자열 데이터를 소유하"
|
|
"는 경우에 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:14
|
|
msgid "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector."
|
|
msgstr "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): 가변 크기의 표준 벡터 타입입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing "
|
|
"algorithm."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): 해시 알고리즘을 따로 지정할 수도 있는 해시맵 타"
|
|
"입입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:19
|
|
msgid "[`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data."
|
|
msgstr "[`Box`](std/box.md): 힙 데이터에 대한 소유 포인터입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated "
|
|
"data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Rc`](std/rc.md): 힙에 할당된 데이터에 대한 참조 카운팅 공유 포인터입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, "
|
|
"`alloc` and `std`. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"사실, 러스트의 표준 라이브러리는 `core`, `alloc`, `std`와 같이 계층(layer)으"
|
|
"로 나눠집니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on "
|
|
"`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`core`는 `libc`나 할당자(allocator), 심지어 OS에도 의존하지 않는 가장 기본적"
|
|
"인 함수와 타입을 포함합니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, "
|
|
"`Box` and `Arc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`alloc`은 `Vec`, `Box`, `Arc`와 같이 전역 힙 할당이 필요한 타입을 포함합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"임베디드 러스트 응용프로그램은 주로 `core`만 사용하거나 가끔 `alloc`을 함께 "
|
|
"사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Option` and `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "`Option`과 `Result`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:3
|
|
msgid "The types represent optional data:"
|
|
msgstr "이 타입은 선택적 데이터를 나타냅니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let idx: Result<usize, usize> = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let idx: Result<usize, usize> = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:18
|
|
msgid "`Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Option`과 `Result`는 표준 라이브러리뿐만아니라 매우 광범위하게 사용되는 타입"
|
|
"입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:19
|
|
msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`."
|
|
msgstr "`Option<&T>` 는 `&T`에 비해 공간 오버헤드가 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on "
|
|
"Day 3."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Result`는 오류 처리를 위한 표준 타입입니다. 3일차 과정에서 살펴봅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:21
|
|
msgid "`binary_search` returns `Result<usize, usize>`."
|
|
msgstr "`binary_search`는 `Result<usize, usize>`를 반환합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:22
|
|
msgid "If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found."
|
|
msgstr "요소가 발견된다면, `Result::Ok`는 발견된 요소의 인덱스를 보유합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should be "
|
|
"inserted."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아니면, `Result::Err`에는 요소가 삽입되야 하는 인덱스가 포함되어 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the "
|
|
"standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)은 힙에 할"
|
|
"당되고 가변 길이의 표준 UTF-8 문자열 버퍼입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
|
|
" s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
" s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
|
|
" s2.push('!');\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
|
|
" s3.chars().count());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
|
|
" s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
" s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
|
|
" s2.push('!');\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
|
|
" s3.chars().count());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` implements [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call "
|
|
"all `str` methods on a `String`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String`은 [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/"
|
|
"struct.String.html#deref-methods-str)을 구현합니다. 이는 , `String` 값에 대해"
|
|
"서도 `str`의 모든 메서드를 호출 할 수 있다는 의미 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when "
|
|
"you know how much data you want to push to the string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String::new`는 새로운 빈 문자열을 반환합니다. `String::with_capacity`는 새"
|
|
"로 만들 문자열 버퍼에 넣을 데이터 크기를 알고 있는 경우에 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be "
|
|
"different from its length in characters)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String::len`은 `String`의 바이트 크기를 반환합니다. (실제 문자 개수와는 다"
|
|
"를 수 있습니다.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a "
|
|
"`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due "
|
|
"to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/"
|
|
"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String::chars`는 실제 문자(character)들에 대한 이터레이터를 반환합니다. "
|
|
"`char`로 표현되는 문자는 우리가 실제로 인식하고 사용하는 문자와는 다를 수 있"
|
|
"습니다. 자소 결합으로 문자를 표현하는 경우가 있기 때문입니다. 이에 대해서는 "
|
|
"[Grapheme Cluster](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/"
|
|
"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)를 참고하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or "
|
|
"`String`."
|
|
msgstr "사람들이 문자열이라고 말할 때에는 `&str`이거나 `String`일 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When a type implements `Deref<Target = T>`, the compiler will let you "
|
|
"transparently call methods from `T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"어떤 타입이 `Deref<Target = T>`를 구현하고 있으면, 컴파일러는 여러분이 `T`의 "
|
|
"메소드들을 호출할 수 있게 도와줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it "
|
|
"access to `str`'s methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String`은 `Deref<Target = str>`을 구현하고 있기 때문에 `String`에 대해서도 "
|
|
"`str` 메소드들을 호출할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:36
|
|
msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1`;."
|
|
msgstr "`let s3 = s1.deref();`와 `let s3 = &*s1;`을 비교해보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the "
|
|
"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but "
|
|
"with some extra guarantees."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String`은 바이트 벡터의 래퍼로 구현되어 있습니다. 벡터가 지원하는 여러가지 "
|
|
"연산들을 `String`도 지원합니다. 다만 `String`은 몇가지 보장 내용이 더 있습니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:38
|
|
msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:"
|
|
msgstr "`String`을 인덱스로 접근하는 방법들을 비교해보세요:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, "
|
|
"out-of-bounds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()`를 이용하여 한 문자를 선택하는 경우, `i`값이 범위"
|
|
"를 벗어날 때, 벗어나지 않을 때 동작을 설명하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character "
|
|
"boundaries or not."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`s3[0..4]`를 이용해서 문자열의 일부를 선택하는데, 슬라이스가 유니코드 문자열 "
|
|
"경계에 딱 맞지 않을 경우 어떻게 되는지 설명하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Vec`"
|
|
msgstr "`Vec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard "
|
|
"resizable heap-allocated buffer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) 는 힙에 할당된 표"
|
|
"준 가변 크기 버퍼입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v1.push(42);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
|
|
" v2.push(9999);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
|
|
" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Retain only the even elements.\n"
|
|
" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
|
|
" v3.dedup();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v1.push(42);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
|
|
" v2.push(9999);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // 요소로 벡터를 초기화하는 표준 매크로입니다.\n"
|
|
" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // 짝수 요소만 유지합니다.\n"
|
|
" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // 연속 중복을 삭제합니다.\n"
|
|
" v3.dedup();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Vec` implements [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice "
|
|
"methods on a `Vec`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Vec`은 [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
|
|
"html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D)를 구현합니다. 이는 `Vec`에서 슬라이스 메서드를 호"
|
|
"출 할 수 있다는 의미입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data "
|
|
"it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't "
|
|
"need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Vec`은 `String`이나 `HashMap`과 같은 컬렉션 타입입니다. 벡터는 데이터를 힙"
|
|
"에 저장합니다. 이는 컴파일 시점에 데이터 크기를 알 필요가 없다는 의미고, 런타"
|
|
"임에 더 커질 수도 작아질 수도 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how `Vec<T>` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` "
|
|
"explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established "
|
|
"during the first `push` call."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Vec<T>`는 제네릭 타입이기도 합니다. 하지만 `T`를 꼭 지정해줄 필요는 없습니"
|
|
"다. 이 경우, 러스트 타입 추론이 벡터에 처음 `push`하는 데이터로 `T`를 알 수 "
|
|
"있었습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it "
|
|
"supports adding initial elements to the vector."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`vec![...]`는 `Vec::new()` 대신 쓸 수 있는 표준 매크로로서, 초기 데이터를 추"
|
|
"가한 벡터를 생성할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. "
|
|
"Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will "
|
|
"remove the last element."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"벡터는 `[` `]`를 사용하여 인덱스로 접근할 수 있습니다. 하지만 범위를 벗어나"
|
|
"면 패닉이 발생합니다. 대신 `get`을 사용하면 `Option`을 반환합니다. `pop` 함수"
|
|
"는 마지막 요소를 제거합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value: `for e in &mut v { *e "
|
|
"+= 50; }`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"벡터를 순회하면서 값을 변경할 수도 있음을 보여주세요: `for e in &mut v { *e "
|
|
"+= 50; }`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:1 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:46
|
|
msgid "`HashMap`"
|
|
msgstr "`HashMap`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:3
|
|
msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:"
|
|
msgstr "HashDoS 공격으로부터 보호되는 표준 해시 맵입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), "
|
|
"207);\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n"
|
|
" page_counts.len());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
|
|
"Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
" match page_counts.get(book) {\n"
|
|
" Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n"
|
|
" None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
|
|
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
|
|
"Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
" let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())."
|
|
"or_insert(0);\n"
|
|
" *page_count += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), "
|
|
"207);\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n"
|
|
" page_counts.len());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
|
|
"Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
" match page_counts.get(book) {\n"
|
|
" Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n"
|
|
" None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // 아무것도 찾을 수 없는 경우 .entry() 메서드를 사용하여 값을 삽입합니"
|
|
"다.\n"
|
|
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
|
|
"Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
" let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())."
|
|
"or_insert(0);\n"
|
|
" *page_count += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`HashMap`은 prelude에 정의되어 있지 않기 때문에 명시적으로 추가해줘야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the "
|
|
"hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert "
|
|
"the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 코드를 테스트해보세요. 첫 문장에서는 해시맵에 책이 있는지 검사하여, 없으"
|
|
"면 디폴트 값을 반환합니다. 두번 째 문장에서는 해시맵에 해당 책이 없는 경우, "
|
|
"지정한 값을 해시맵에 추가한 뒤 그 값을 반환합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" let pc1 = page_counts\n"
|
|
" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(&336);\n"
|
|
" let pc2 = page_counts\n"
|
|
" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n"
|
|
" .or_insert(374);\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" let pc1 = page_counts\n"
|
|
" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(&336);\n"
|
|
" let pc2 = page_counts\n"
|
|
" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n"
|
|
" .or_insert(374);\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:49
|
|
msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro."
|
|
msgstr "안타깝지만 `hashmap!`같은 매크로가 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-"
|
|
"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows "
|
|
"us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트 1.56부터는 `HashMap`이 [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-From%3C%5B(K,+V);"
|
|
"+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E)을 구현하기 때문에 배열 리터럴을 "
|
|
"이용하여 쉽게 해시맵을 초기화할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n"
|
|
" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n"
|
|
" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n"
|
|
" ]);\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n"
|
|
" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n"
|
|
" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n"
|
|
" ]);\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-"
|
|
"value tuples."
|
|
msgstr "키-값 쌍에 대한 `Iterator`로 해시맵을 만들 수도 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We are showing `HashMap<String, i32>`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make "
|
|
"examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, "
|
|
"but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"예제 코드에서는 편의상 해시맵의 키로 `&str`를 사용하지 않았습니다. 물론 컬렉"
|
|
"션에 참조를 사용할 수도 있습니다. 다만 참조를 사용하게 되면 빌림 검사기 때문"
|
|
"에 복잡해 질 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:62
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still "
|
|
"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"예제 코드에서 `to_string()`을 없애도 컴파일에 문제가 없는지 확인해보세요. 어"
|
|
"떤 문제에 부딪힐까요?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::"
|
|
"collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the "
|
|
"Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back "
|
|
"to the `keys` method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"해시맵의 몇 몇 메서드는 해시맵 내부의 특별한 타입(예를 들어 `std::"
|
|
"collections::hash_map::Keys`)들을 리턴합니다. 이러한 타입들은 Rust 문서에서"
|
|
"도 검색할 수 있습니다. 수강생들에게 이 타입들에 대한 문서를 보여주고, 이 문서"
|
|
"에 `keys` 메서드로의 역 링크가 있음을 알려주세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Box`"
|
|
msgstr "`Box`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned "
|
|
"pointer to data on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html)는 힙 데이터에 대"
|
|
"한 소유 포인터입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let five = Box::new(5);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let five = Box::new(5);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": five : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" 스택 힙\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": five : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box<T>` implements `Deref<Target = T>`, which means that you can [call "
|
|
"methods from `T` directly on a `Box<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/"
|
|
"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box<T>`은 [`Deref<Target = T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait."
|
|
"Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)를 구현합니다. 이는 [`Box<T>`에서 `T` 메서"
|
|
"드를 직접 호출](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-"
|
|
"deref-coercion) 할 수 있다는 의미입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be "
|
|
"not null. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box`는 C++의 `std::unique_ptr`과 비슷합니다. 차이라면 `Box`는 널이 아님을 보"
|
|
"장한다는 점입니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` "
|
|
"statement thanks to `Deref`. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Deref` 덕분에 위 예제의 `println!`문에 사용된 `*`를 빼도 문제가 없습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:36
|
|
msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:"
|
|
msgstr "`Box`는 아래의 경우에 유용합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust "
|
|
"compiler wants to know an exact size."
|
|
msgstr "타입 크기를 컴파일 시점에 알 수 없는 경우."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large "
|
|
"amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` "
|
|
"so only the pointer is moved."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아주 큰 데이터의 소유권을 전달하고 싶은 경우. 스택에 있는 큰 데이터를 복사하"
|
|
"는 대신 `Box`를 이용하여 데이터는 힙에 저장하고 포인터만 이동하면 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:1
|
|
msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures"
|
|
msgstr "재귀자료 구조에서의 `Box`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:"
|
|
msgstr "재귀 데이터나 동적크기의 데이터 타입은 `Box`타입을 사용해야 합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum List<T> {\n"
|
|
" Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
|
|
" Nil,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let list: List<i32> = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::"
|
|
"new(List::Nil))));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum List<T> {\n"
|
|
" Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
|
|
" Nil,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let list: List<i32> = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::"
|
|
"new(List::Nil))));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" 스택 힙\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the "
|
|
"`List`, the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory "
|
|
"(`List` would be of infinite size)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"만일 `Box`를 사용하지 않고 `List`에 직접 `List`를 포함하려고 시도한다면, 컴파"
|
|
"일러는 구조체의 고정 크기를 계산할 수 없습니다. 컴파일러가 보기에 무한대의 크"
|
|
"기로 보일 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and "
|
|
"just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box`는 일반 포인터와 크기가 같기 때문에 크기를 계산하는 데 문제가 없습니다. "
|
|
"다만 힙에 위치한 `List`의 다음 요소를 가리킬 뿐입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. "
|
|
"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or "
|
|
"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`List` 정의에서 `Box`를 제거하면 어떤 컴파일러 에러가 나오는지 같이 살펴보세"
|
|
"요. “Recursive with indirection”라는 메시지를 보면, 값을 직접 저장하는 대신 "
|
|
"`Box`나 비슷한 다른 종류의 참조 타입이 필요하다는 힌트를 얻을 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-niche.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This "
|
|
"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box`는 비어있을 수 없습니다. 따라서 포인터는 항상 유효하며 `null`이 아닙니"
|
|
"다. 이는 컴파일러가 메모리 레이아웃을 최적화 할 수 있게 해줍니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-niche.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" 스택 힙\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Rc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Rc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-"
|
|
"counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data "
|
|
"from multiple places:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html)는 참조 카운팅 공유 포"
|
|
"인터입니다. 여러 위치에서 동일한 데이터를 참조해야할 경우 사용합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
|
|
" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
|
|
" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded "
|
|
"context."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"멀티스레드 환경에서 작업하는 경우 [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md)"
|
|
"와 [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html)를 참조하세"
|
|
"요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"drop 가능한 순환 구조를 만들기 위해 공유 포인터를 [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) 포인터로 _다운그레이드_할 수도 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there "
|
|
"are references."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc`는 참조 카운트를 통해 참조가 있는 동안은 `Rc`가 가리키고 있는 값이 메모리"
|
|
"에서 해제되지 않음을 보장합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:30
|
|
msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++."
|
|
msgstr "C++의 `std::shared_ptr`와 유사합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and "
|
|
"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally "
|
|
"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`clone`은 비용이 거의 들지 않습니다. 같은 곳을 가리키는 포인터를 하나 더 만들"
|
|
"고, 참조 카운트를 늘립니다. 포인터가 가리키는 값 자체가 복제(깊은 복제)되지"
|
|
"는 않으며, 그래서 코드에서 성능 문제가 있는지 검토할 때 일반적으로 `Rc`를 "
|
|
"`clone`하는 것은 무시할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") "
|
|
"and returns a mutable reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`make_mut`는 실제로 필요한 경우에 내부 값을 복제하고(\"clone-on-write\") 가"
|
|
"변 참조를 반환합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:33
|
|
msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count."
|
|
msgstr "참조 카운트를 확인하려면 `Rc::strong_count`를 사용하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create "
|
|
"cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`, "
|
|
"on the next slide)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc`는 `downgrade()`로 다운그레이드하여 _약하게 참조 카운트되는(weekly "
|
|
"reference-counted)_ 객체가 될 있습니다. 그러면 순환구조라 하더라도 drop이 가"
|
|
"능합니다. (아마도 `RefCell` 을 함께 사용해야 할 것입니다.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/cell.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Cell` and `RefCell`"
|
|
msgstr "`Cell`과 `RefCell`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/cell.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\\[`Cell`\\]\\[https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html\\] and "
|
|
"[`RefCell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) "
|
|
"implement what Rust calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an "
|
|
"immutable context."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html 과 [`RefCell`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html)은 러스트에서 _내적 "
|
|
"가변성(interior mutability)_이라고 부르는 것을 구현합니다. 이를 이용하면 불변"
|
|
"인 객체의 값을 수정할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/cell.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Cell` is typically used for simple types, as it requires copying or moving "
|
|
"values. More complex interior types typically use `RefCell`, which tracks "
|
|
"shared and exclusive references at runtime and panics if they are misused."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Cell`은 간단한 타입에 대해서 주로 사용됩니다. 왜냐하면 `Cell`에 있는 값을 읽"
|
|
"거나 쓸때에는 복사 혹은 이동을 해야만 하기 때문입니다. 복잡한 타입이라면 "
|
|
"`RefCell`이 더 보편적입니다. 이를 이용하면 참조를 통해 값을 읽거나 쓰게 해 주"
|
|
"는 대신, 그 참조들이 올바른지를 런타임에 체크하고, 제대로 사용되지 않을 경우 "
|
|
"패닉을 발생시킵니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/cell.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::cell::RefCell;\n"
|
|
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct Node {\n"
|
|
" value: i64,\n"
|
|
" children: Vec<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Node {\n"
|
|
" fn new(value: i64) -> Rc<RefCell<Node>> {\n"
|
|
" Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n"
|
|
" self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::"
|
|
"<i64>()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let root = Node::new(1);\n"
|
|
" root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n"
|
|
" let subtree = Node::new(10);\n"
|
|
" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n"
|
|
" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n"
|
|
" root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::cell::RefCell;\n"
|
|
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct Node {\n"
|
|
" value: i64,\n"
|
|
" children: Vec<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Node {\n"
|
|
" fn new(value: i64) -> Rc<RefCell<Node>> {\n"
|
|
" Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n"
|
|
" self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::"
|
|
"<i64>()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let root = Node::new(1);\n"
|
|
" root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n"
|
|
" let subtree = Node::new(10);\n"
|
|
" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n"
|
|
" subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n"
|
|
" root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/cell.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If we were using `Cell` instead of `RefCell` in this example, we would have "
|
|
"to move the `Node` out of the `Rc` to push children, then move it back in. "
|
|
"This is safe because there's always one, un-referenced value in the cell, "
|
|
"but it's not ergonomic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 예제에서 `RefCell`대신 `Cell`을 썼었다면, `Node`에 자식 노느를 추가하기 위"
|
|
"해서, `Node`를 `Rc`밖으로 이동시킨 다음, 자식 노드를 추가하고, 다시 `Rc`안으"
|
|
"로 이동시켜야 했을 겁니다. 이렇게 해야만 하는 이유는 안전 때문입니다. Cell 내"
|
|
"부의 그 값이 오직 하나 존재하며, 그 값에 대한 참조가 없다는 것이 보장되기 때"
|
|
"문입니다. 물론 편리하지는 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/cell.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To do anything with a Node, you must call a `RefCell` method, usually "
|
|
"`borrow` or `borrow_mut`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"노드를 이동하거나 복사하지 않고 그대로 사용하기 위해서는 `RefCell`로 감싼다"
|
|
"음 `borrow`나 `borrow_mut`메서드를 이용해야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/cell.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree."
|
|
"children` (don't try to print it!)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`root`를 `subtree.children`에 추가해서 순환 참조가 생길 수 있음을 보여주세요 "
|
|
"(그래프를 출력하지는 마세요!)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/cell.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments "
|
|
"`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in "
|
|
"the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already "
|
|
"borrowed: BorrowMutError'`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`self.value`를 증가시키는 메서드인`fn inc(&mut self)`를 추가하고 그 메서드를 "
|
|
"자식노드에서 호출하세요. 그러면 `thread 'main' panicked at 'already "
|
|
"borrowed: BorrowMutError'` 런타임 패닉이 발생함을 보이세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:3
|
|
msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type."
|
|
msgstr "`impl`블록은 해당 타입의 함수들에 대한 네임스페이스를 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:5
|
|
msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:"
|
|
msgstr "마찬가지로, `mod`는 타입과 함수들에 대해 네임스페이스를 제공합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"mod foo {\n"
|
|
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"In the foo module\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod bar {\n"
|
|
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"In the bar module\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" foo::do_something();\n"
|
|
" bar::do_something();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"mod foo {\n"
|
|
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"In the foo module\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod bar {\n"
|
|
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"In the bar module\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" foo::do_something();\n"
|
|
" bar::do_something();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that "
|
|
"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"패키지는 기능을 제공하며 하나의 대표 `Cargo.toml` 파일을 포함합니다. 패키지"
|
|
"를 구성하는 크레이트들을 빌드하는 방법이 이 파일에 기술됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and "
|
|
"a library crate compiles to a library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"크레이트는 모듈의 트리입니다. 바이너리 크레이트는 실행파일로 빌드되고, 라이브"
|
|
"러리 크레이트는 라이브러리로 빌드됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:30
|
|
msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section."
|
|
msgstr "모듈은 코드를 조직화하고 스코프를 정의하는 단위입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:3
|
|
msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:"
|
|
msgstr "모듈의 타입이나 함수는 기본적으로 바깥에 노출되지 않습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:5
|
|
msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)."
|
|
msgstr "따라서 모듈의 세부 구현 내용이 감춰집니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:6
|
|
msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible."
|
|
msgstr "부모와 이웃 항목은 언제나 접근 가능합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all "
|
|
"the descendants of `foo`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"즉, 모듈 `foo`에서 접근 가능한 항목이라면 `foo` 아래의 모든 모듈에서 접근가능"
|
|
"합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"mod outer {\n"
|
|
" fn private() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::private\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::public\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mod inner {\n"
|
|
" fn private() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n"
|
|
" super::private();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" outer::public();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"mod outer {\n"
|
|
" fn private() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::private\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::public\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mod inner {\n"
|
|
" fn private() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n"
|
|
" super::private();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" outer::public();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:39
|
|
msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public."
|
|
msgstr "`pub` 키워드는 모듈에도 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope "
|
|
"of public visibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"또한, 고급 기능으로 `pub(...)` 지정자를 사용하여 공개 범위를 제한할 수 있습니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-"
|
|
"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[공식 문서](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-privacy."
|
|
"html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)를 참고하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:44
|
|
msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern."
|
|
msgstr "`pub(crate)`로 가시성을 지정하는 것이 자주 쓰입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:45
|
|
msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path."
|
|
msgstr "자주 쓰이진 않지만 특정 경로에 대해서만 가시성을 부여할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of "
|
|
"its descendants)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"어떤 경우이든 가시성이 부여되면 해당 모듈을 포함하여 하위의 모든 모듈이 적용"
|
|
"받습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:3
|
|
msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "경로는 아래와 같이 구분합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:5
|
|
msgid "As a relative path:"
|
|
msgstr "상대 경로:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:6
|
|
msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,"
|
|
msgstr "`foo` 또는 `self::foo`는 현재 모듈 내부의 `foo`를 가리킵니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:7
|
|
msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module."
|
|
msgstr "`super::foo`는 부모 모듈의 `foo`를 가리킵니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:9
|
|
msgid "As an absolute path:"
|
|
msgstr "절대 경로:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:10
|
|
msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,"
|
|
msgstr "`crate::foo`는 현재 크레이트 루트의 `foo`를 가리킵니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:11
|
|
msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate."
|
|
msgstr "`bar::foo`는 `bar`크레이트의 `foo`를 가리킵니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You "
|
|
"will typically see something like this at the top of each module:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"모듈은 `use`를 사용하여 다른 모듈의 심볼을 내 스코프로 가져올 수 있습니다. 일"
|
|
"반적으로 각 모듈의 상단에 다음과 같은 내용이 옵니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashSet;\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashSet;\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"모듈의 내용을 기술하지 않으면, 러스트는 다른 파일에서 그 내용을 읽습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"mod garden;\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"mod garden;\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden."
|
|
"rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/"
|
|
"vegetables.rs`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 코드는 러스트로 하여금 `garden`모듈의 내용을 `src/garden.rs`에서 찾도록 합"
|
|
"니다. 비슷하게, `garden::vegetables` 모듈은 `src/garden/vegetables.rs`에서 찾"
|
|
"습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:12
|
|
msgid "The `crate` root is in:"
|
|
msgstr "`crate(크레이트)`의 루트는 아래 경로 입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:14
|
|
msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)"
|
|
msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (라이브러리 크레이트)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:15
|
|
msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)"
|
|
msgstr "`src/main.rs` (바이너리 크레이트)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc "
|
|
"comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a "
|
|
"module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"모듈도 \"내부 문서 주석\"을 사용하여 문서화할 수 있습니다. 이러한 모듈은 모듈"
|
|
"이 포함된 항목(이 경우에는 모듈)을 문서화합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant "
|
|
"germination\n"
|
|
"//! implementation.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Re-export types from this module.\n"
|
|
"pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n"
|
|
"pub use garden::Garden;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
|
|
"pub fn sow(seeds: Vec<SeedPacket>) { todo!() }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
|
|
"pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! 이 모듈은 높은 성능의 발아 구현을 비롯하여 정원을\n"
|
|
"//! 구현합니다.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// 이 모듈에 정의된 타입을 밖으로 공개합니다.\n"
|
|
"pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n"
|
|
"pub use garden::Garden;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// 지정된 씨앗 패킷을 뿌립니다.\n"
|
|
"pub fn sow(seeds: Vec<SeedPacket>) { todo!() }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// 정원에서 준비된 농산물을 수확합니다.\n"
|
|
"pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of "
|
|
"`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`module/mod.rs`를 `module.rs`로 바꾼다 하더라도 Rust 2018에서는 하위 모듈을 "
|
|
"사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod."
|
|
"rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`filename.rs`를 `filename/mod.rs`대신 사용할 수 있도록 하는 주된 이유는, "
|
|
"`mod.rs`라는 이름을 가진 파일이 많을 경우 IDE에서 이들을 서로 구별하는게 힘들"
|
|
"기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:42
|
|
msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"폴더를 이용해서 더 깊은 계층 구조를 구현할 수 있습니다. 심지어는 메인 모듈이 "
|
|
"파일이더라도요:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```ignore\n"
|
|
"src/\n"
|
|
"├── main.rs\n"
|
|
"├── top_module.rs\n"
|
|
"└── top_module/\n"
|
|
" └── sub_module.rs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```ignore\n"
|
|
"src/\n"
|
|
"├── main.rs\n"
|
|
"├── top_module.rs\n"
|
|
"└── top_module/\n"
|
|
" └── sub_module.rs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler "
|
|
"directive:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트가 어디서 모듈들을 찾을지는 컴파일러 디렉티브로 변경 가능합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"#[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n"
|
|
"mod some_module;\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"#[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n"
|
|
"mod some_module;\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:59
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module "
|
|
"in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이는 Go언어 에서처럼 어떤 모듈의 테스트를 `some_module_test.rs` 같은 파일에 "
|
|
"두고 싶은 경우에 유용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "2일차 오후 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators."
|
|
msgstr "이번 연습문제는 문자열과 반복자에 초점을 맞출 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used "
|
|
"to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and "
|
|
"does the following to validate the credit card number:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[룬(Luhn) 알고리즘](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
|
|
"%EB%A3%AC_%EC%95%8C%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98)은 신용카드 번호 검증에 사용되"
|
|
"는 알고리즘 입니다. 이 알고리즘은 신용카드 번호를 `문자열`로 입력받고, 아래"
|
|
"의 순서에 따라 신용카드 번호의 유효성을 확인합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:7
|
|
msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits."
|
|
msgstr "모든 공백을 무시합니다. 2자리 미만 숫자는 무시합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number "
|
|
"`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"**오른쪽에서 왼쪽으로** 이동하며 2번째 자리마다 숫자를 2배 증가시킵니다. 예"
|
|
"를 들어 `1234`에서 `3`과 `1`에 각각 2를 곱합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which "
|
|
"becomes `5`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"두배로 만든 숫자가 2자리라면 각 자리 숫자를 더합니다. 예를 들어, `7`은 두배"
|
|
"로 만들면 `14`이므로 `5`가 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:15
|
|
msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits."
|
|
msgstr "모든 자리의 숫자를 더합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:17
|
|
msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
|
|
msgstr "합계의 끝자리가 `0`인 경우 유효한 신용카드 번호입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
|
|
"function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 코드를 <https://play.rust-lang.org/>에 복사해서 구현하시면 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try to solve the problem the \"simple\" way first, using `for` loops and "
|
|
"integers. Then, revisit the solution and try to implement it with iterators."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`for`반복문과 인덱스를 이용하는 \"쉬운\"방법으로 먼저 풀어 보세요. 그런 다음 "
|
|
"반복자를 이용해서 다시 풀어 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. "
|
|
"The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched "
|
|
"against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character "
|
|
"which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이번 훈련은 웹 서버의 라우팅 컴포넌트를 구현합니다. 서버는 _요청 경로"
|
|
"(request path)_ 를 처리할 수 있는 여러 개의 _경로 접두사(path prefix)_ 로 구"
|
|
"성됩니다. 경로 접두사는 와일드카드문자를 포함할 수 있습니다. 아래 단위 테스"
|
|
"트 코드를 참조하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and make the tests "
|
|
"pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 코드를 <https://play.rust-lang.org/>에 복사하고 테스트를 통과해 보시기 "
|
|
"바랍니다. 중간 결과값을 `Vec`에 할당하지 않도록 주의 하시기 바랍니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
|
|
"abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
|
|
"books\"));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
|
|
"publishers\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
|
|
"publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
|
|
"abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
|
|
"books\"));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
|
|
"publishers\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
|
|
"publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 3"
|
|
msgstr "3일차 개요"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3
|
|
msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "오늘은 몇 가지 고급 주제를 다룹니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library "
|
|
"traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"트레잇: 트레잇 상속(derive), 디폴트 메서드, 표준 라이브러에 있는 중요한 트레"
|
|
"잇들."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait "
|
|
"objects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"제네릭: 제네릭 데이터 타입, 제네릭 메서드, 단형화(monomorphization), 트레잇 "
|
|
"객체."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:11
|
|
msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`."
|
|
msgstr "오류처리(에러 핸들링): 패닉, `Result`, `?` 연산자."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:13
|
|
msgid "Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests."
|
|
msgstr "테스트: 단위 테스트, 문서 테스트 및 통합 테스트."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern "
|
|
"functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"안전하지 않은 러스트: 원시(raw) 포인터, 정적 변수, 안전하지 않은 함수, 외부 "
|
|
"함수."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data structures "
|
|
"(such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 제네릭을 지원합니다. 이를 이용하면 알고리즘(정렬과 같은)이나 데이터 "
|
|
"구조(이진 트리 같은)를 추상화 하여 특정 타입에 의존하지 않도록 할 수 있습니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:3
|
|
msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:"
|
|
msgstr "제네릭을 사용하여 필드의 타입을 추상화 할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point<T> {\n"
|
|
" x: T,\n"
|
|
" y: T,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n"
|
|
" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point<T> {\n"
|
|
" x: T,\n"
|
|
" y: T,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n"
|
|
" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:21
|
|
msgid "Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`."
|
|
msgstr "새 변수 `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`를 선언해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:23
|
|
msgid "Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Point`가 서로 다른 타입의 값들으로 이루어져도 컴파일 되도록 코드를 수정해 보"
|
|
"세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:3
|
|
msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:"
|
|
msgstr "`impl` 블록에서도 제네릭 타입을 선언할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point<T>(T, T);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
|
|
" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
" &self.0 // + 10\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(5, 10);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point<T>(T, T);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
|
|
" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
" &self.0 // + 10\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(5, 10);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Isn't that "
|
|
"redundant?"
|
|
msgstr "_질문:_ `impl<T> Point<T> {}`에서 `T`가 왜 두 번 사용됩니까?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. "
|
|
"They are independently generic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"제네릭 타입에 대한 제네릭 구현 이기 때문입니다. 이 두 제네릭은 서로 독립적입"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:27
|
|
msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이는 임의의 모든 `T`에 대해서 이 메소드들이 정의된다는 것을 의미합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:28
|
|
msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point<u32> { .. }`. "
|
|
msgstr "`impl Point<u32> { .. }`와 같이 작성하는 것도 가능합니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point<f64>`, but methods in this "
|
|
"block will only be available for `Point<u32>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Point`는 여전히 제네릭이며 `Point<f64>`를 사용할 수도 있지만 이 블록의 메서"
|
|
"드는 `Point<u32>`만 쓸 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3
|
|
msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:"
|
|
msgstr "제네릭 코드는 호출부에서 비 제네릭 코드로 전환됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Some(5);\n"
|
|
" let float = Some(5.0);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Some(5);\n"
|
|
" let float = Some(5.0);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12
|
|
msgid "behaves as if you wrote"
|
|
msgstr "위 코드는 아래와 같이 동작합니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum Option_i32 {\n"
|
|
" Some(i32),\n"
|
|
" None,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"enum Option_f64 {\n"
|
|
" Some(f64),\n"
|
|
" None,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n"
|
|
" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum Option_i32 {\n"
|
|
" Some(i32),\n"
|
|
" None,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"enum Option_f64 {\n"
|
|
" Some(f64),\n"
|
|
" None,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n"
|
|
" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you "
|
|
"had hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이것이 바로 비용이 들지 않는 (zero-cost) 추상화 입니다: 러스트의 제네릭은 추"
|
|
"상화를 거치지 않고 직접 구체적인 타입을 써서 코딩한 것과 정확히 동일한 결과"
|
|
"를 보여줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:"
|
|
msgstr "트레잇은 타입을 추상화 하는데 사용됩니다. 인터페이스와 비슷합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Pet {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Dog {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Cat;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" self.name.clone()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it "
|
|
"anyway.\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn greet<P: Pet>(pet: &P) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n"
|
|
" greet(&fido);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let captain_floof = Cat;\n"
|
|
" greet(&captain_floof);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Pet {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Dog {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Cat;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" self.name.clone()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it "
|
|
"anyway.\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn greet<P: Pet>(pet: &P) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n"
|
|
" greet(&fido);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let captain_floof = Cat;\n"
|
|
" greet(&captain_floof);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a "
|
|
"collection:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"트레잇 객체는 타입이 다른 값(예를 들어 컬렉션에 속한 각 값)들을 가질 수 있습"
|
|
"니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Pet {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Dog {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Cat;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" self.name.clone()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it "
|
|
"anyway.\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let pets: Vec<Box<dyn Pet>> = vec![\n"
|
|
" Box::new(Cat),\n"
|
|
" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" for pet in pets {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Pet {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Dog {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Cat;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" self.name.clone()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it "
|
|
"anyway.\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let pets: Vec<Box<dyn Pet>> = vec![\n"
|
|
" Box::new(Cat),\n"
|
|
" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" for pet in pets {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:40
|
|
msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:"
|
|
msgstr "`pets`를 할당한 이후의 메모리 레이아웃:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"pets : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | +---------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : | | '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::name\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : | "
|
|
"| : \n"
|
|
" : | | +-"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : | '-->|"
|
|
"\\| : \n"
|
|
" : | +-"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : "
|
|
"| : \n"
|
|
" : | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : '---->| \"<Cat as Pet>::name\" "
|
|
"| : \n"
|
|
" : +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" 스택 힙\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"pets : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | +---------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : | | '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::name\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : | "
|
|
"| : \n"
|
|
" : | | +-"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : | '-->|"
|
|
"\\| : \n"
|
|
" : | +-"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : "
|
|
"| : \n"
|
|
" : | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ : \n"
|
|
" : '---->| \"<Cat as Pet>::name\" "
|
|
"| : \n"
|
|
" : +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it "
|
|
"impossible to have things like `Vec<Pet>` in the example above."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"여러 타입이 같은 트레잇을 구현하더라도 그 크기는 서로 다를 수 있습니다. 그래"
|
|
"서 `Vec<Greeet>`같은 것은 불가능합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:73
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that "
|
|
"implements `Pet`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`dyn Pet`이라고 하면이 타입의 크기는 동적이며 `Pet`을 구현하고 있다고 컴파일"
|
|
"러에게 알려주는 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:74
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the example, `pets` holds _fat pointers_ to objects that implement `Pet`. "
|
|
"The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer to the actual object "
|
|
"and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Pet` implementation of "
|
|
"that particular object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"예제에서 `pets`는 `Pet`을 구현하는 객체들의 _Fat 포인터_를 담고 있습니다. "
|
|
"Fat 포인터는 실제 객체에 대한 포인터와 그 객체가 `Pet`을 구현하고 있는 가상 "
|
|
"함수 테이블에 대한 포인터를 가집니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:75
|
|
msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:"
|
|
msgstr "아래 코드의 결과와 비교해보세요:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:76
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
|
|
"<Cat>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
|
|
"<&Cat>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Pet>>());\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
|
|
"<Cat>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
|
|
"<&Cat>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Pet>>());\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust derive macros work by automatically generating code that implements the "
|
|
"specified traits for a data structure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 derive 매크로는 데이터 구조체가 특정 트레잇을 구현하는 코드를 자동으"
|
|
"로 만들어 줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5
|
|
msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"컴파일러가 여러가지 트레잇을 상속(derive)하도록 할 수 있습니다. 이 경우 컴파"
|
|
"일러가 트레잇을 자동으로 구현합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct Player {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" strength: u8,\n"
|
|
" hit_points: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Player::default();\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1.clone();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n"
|
|
" if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct Player {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" strength: u8,\n"
|
|
" hit_points: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Player::default();\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1.clone();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n"
|
|
" if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:3
|
|
msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"트레잇의 디폴트 메서드에서 다른(구현되지 않은) 메소드를 이용할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Equals {\n"
|
|
" fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" !self.equals(other)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Centimeter(i16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
|
|
" fn equals(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" self.0 == other.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = Centimeter(10);\n"
|
|
" let b = Centimeter(20);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Equals {\n"
|
|
" fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" !self.equals(other)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Centimeter(i16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
|
|
" fn equals(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" self.0 == other.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = Centimeter(10);\n"
|
|
" let b = Centimeter(20);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users "
|
|
"are required to implement themselves. Methods with default implementations "
|
|
"can rely on required methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"트레잇은, 그 트레잇이 정의된 위치에서 직접 구현되는 디폴트 메서드와, 거기에서"
|
|
"는 선언만 존재하고 그 트레잇을 구현하는 타입에서 구현해야 하는, 두 종류의 메"
|
|
"서드를 가질 수 있습니다. 디폴트 메서드를 구현할 때에는, 두 종류의 메서드 모"
|
|
"두 사용(호출)할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:35
|
|
msgid "Move method `not_equals` to a new trait `NotEquals`."
|
|
msgstr "`not_equal` 메서드를 새로운 트레잇인 `NotEqual`로 이동합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:37
|
|
msgid "Make `Equals` a super trait for `NotEquals`."
|
|
msgstr "`NotEqual`을 `Equal`의 슈퍼 트레잇으로 만듭니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"trait NotEquals: Equals {\n"
|
|
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" !self.equals(other)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"trait NotEquals: Equals {\n"
|
|
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" !self.equals(other)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:46
|
|
msgid "Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEquals` for `Equals`."
|
|
msgstr "`Equal`에 `NotEqual`의 포괄적 구현을 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"trait NotEquals {\n"
|
|
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl<T> NotEquals for T where T: Equals {\n"
|
|
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" !self.equals(other)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"trait NotEquals {\n"
|
|
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl<T> NotEquals for T where T: Equals {\n"
|
|
" fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" !self.equals(other)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `Equals` as a super "
|
|
"trait for `NotEqual`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"포괄적 구현을 사용하면 더 이상 `NotEqual`이 `Equal`의 슈퍼 트레잇으로 필요하"
|
|
"지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement "
|
|
"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"제네릭을 이용하다 보면 타입이 어떤 트레잇을 구현하고 있어야 하는 경우가 있습"
|
|
"니다. 그래야 그 트레잇의 메서드를 호출할 수 있기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:6
|
|
msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:"
|
|
msgstr "`T: Trait` 혹은 `impl Trait`를 사용하면 됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn duplicate<T: Clone>(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n"
|
|
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
|
|
"// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// struct NotClonable;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{many}\");\n"
|
|
" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn duplicate<T: Clone>(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n"
|
|
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// 다음에 대한 문법 슈가:\n"
|
|
"// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// struct NotClonable;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{many}\");\n"
|
|
" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:35
|
|
msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`where` 문법을 사용할 수도 있습니다. 수강생들도 코드를 읽다가 그 문법을 마주"
|
|
"할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"fn duplicate<T>(a: T) -> (T, T)\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" T: Clone,\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"fn duplicate<T>(a: T) -> (T, T)\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" T: Clone,\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:46
|
|
msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이를 이용하면 타입 파라메터가 많은 경우 함수 시그니처를 간결하게 정리하는 데 "
|
|
"도움이 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:47
|
|
msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful."
|
|
msgstr "좀 더 강력한 추가 기능도 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can "
|
|
"be arbitrary, like `Option<T>`."
|
|
msgstr "`:` 왼쪽에 임의의 타입(예를 들어 `Option<T>`)을 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:1
|
|
msgid "`impl Trait`"
|
|
msgstr "트레잇 구현하기(`impl Trait`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function "
|
|
"arguments and return values:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"트레잇 바운드와 유사하게 `impl Trait` 문법은 함수의 인자와 반환값에도 적용 가"
|
|
"능합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::Display;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::Display;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:19
|
|
msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name."
|
|
msgstr "`impl Trait`를 이용하면 이름이 없는 타입을 다룰 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions."
|
|
msgstr "`impl Trait`는 어디에 사용되었느냐에 따라 의미가 조금씩 다릅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a "
|
|
"trait bound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"함수 인자의 타입으로 사용되었을 경우에는 `impl Trait`는 트레잇 경계가 있는 익"
|
|
"명의 제네릭 타입을 의미합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that "
|
|
"implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you "
|
|
"don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"리턴 타입으로 사용되었을 경우에는, 그 트레잇을 구현하는 구체적인 타입인데, 타"
|
|
"입 이름을 프로그래머가 짓지 않았다는 것을 의미합니다. 이는 그 구체적인 타입 "
|
|
"이름을 API로 공개하고 싶지 않은 경우에 유용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks "
|
|
"the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A "
|
|
"function returning a generic type like `collect<B>() -> B` can return any "
|
|
"type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with "
|
|
"`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::"
|
|
"<Vec<_>>()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"함수가 리턴되는 곳에서의 타입 추론은 어렵습니다. 어떤 함수의 리턴 타입이 "
|
|
"`impl Foo`로 선언되어 있을 경우, 그 함수가 실제로 리턴하는 타입은 소스 코드 "
|
|
"상 어디에도 나타나 있지 않습니다. `collect<B<() -> B`와 같이 제너릭 타입을 리"
|
|
"턴하는 함수는 `B`를 만족하는 어떤 타입도 리턴할 수 있습니다. 이 경우, 호출하"
|
|
"는 측에서는 `let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()`나 터보피시 문법을 써서 `foo."
|
|
"collect::<Vec<_>>()`와 같이 리턴 타입을 명시적으로 써 주어야 할 수도 있습니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to "
|
|
"explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` "
|
|
"type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint "
|
|
"that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work for "
|
|
"this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not what "
|
|
"`format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd "
|
|
"need two independent generic parameters."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 예시는 `impl Display`가 두번 사용 되었다는 점에서 훌륭합니다. 여기서 중요"
|
|
"한 것은 이 두 `impl Display`가 실제로 같은 타입일 필요가 없다는 것입니다. 만"
|
|
"약 `T: Display`로 트레잇 경계를 정하고 입력 파라메터와 리턴 값의 타입을 모두 "
|
|
"`T`로 했다면, 이는 입력과 리턴값이 같은 타입임을 강제합니다. 이렇게 했다면 위"
|
|
"의 예제는 동작하지 않았을 것입니다. 왜냐하면, 입력 값의 타입이 `format!`이 리"
|
|
"턴하는 타입과 같지 않을 가능성이 높기 때문입니다. 만약 `: Display` 문법을 사"
|
|
"용하고 싶다면 독립적인 제네릭 매개변수가 두 개가 필요합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard "
|
|
"library:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트 표준 라이브러리에는 다음과 같은 범용 트레잇들이 정의되어 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
|
|
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) "
|
|
"used in `for` loops,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)와 "
|
|
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) "
|
|
"트레잇은 `for` 반복문에서 사용됩니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) used to convert "
|
|
"values,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html)과 [`Into`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) 트레잇은 값을 변환할 "
|
|
"때 사용됩니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`Write`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) used for IO,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html)와 [`Write`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) 트레잇은 I/O에 사용됩니"
|
|
"다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator "
|
|
"overloading, and"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html) 등의 트레잇들은 연산자 오버로딩"
|
|
"(overloading)에 사용됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) used for "
|
|
"defining destructors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) 트레잇은 소멸자 "
|
|
"정의에 사용됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) used "
|
|
"to construct a default instance of a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) 트레잇"
|
|
"은 어떤 타입의 기본값 인스턴스를 만들때 사용됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:1
|
|
msgid "Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "Iterators"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can implement the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait."
|
|
"Iterator.html) trait on your own types:"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator`트레잇을 여러분이 정의한 타입에서 구현해 보겠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
" curr: u32,\n"
|
|
" next: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
" type Item = u32;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {\n"
|
|
" let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n"
|
|
" self.curr = self.next;\n"
|
|
" self.next = new_next;\n"
|
|
" Some(self.curr)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n"
|
|
" for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
" curr: u32,\n"
|
|
" next: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
" type Item = u32;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {\n"
|
|
" let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n"
|
|
" self.curr = self.next;\n"
|
|
" self.next = new_next;\n"
|
|
" Some(self.curr)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n"
|
|
" for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming "
|
|
"operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is "
|
|
"the trait where you can find all the documentation about them. In Rust these "
|
|
"functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative "
|
|
"implementations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Iterator` 트레잇은 컬렉션에 대한 여러 일반적인 함수 프로그래밍 작업(예: "
|
|
"`map`, `filter`, `reduce` 등)을 구현합니다. 이는 관련 문서를 모두 찾을 수 있"
|
|
"는 트레잇입니다. Rust에서는 이러한 함수가, 이와 동일한 일을 하는 명령형 구현"
|
|
"만큼 효율적인 코드를 생성합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by "
|
|
"collection types such as `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` "
|
|
"and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why you can iterate over a "
|
|
"vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`IntoIterator`는 루프를 작동하게 만드는 트레잇입니다. 이는 `Vec<T>`와 같은 컬"
|
|
"렉션 유형과 `&Vec<T>` 및 `&[T]`와 같은 이에 대한 참조에 의해 구현됩니다. 범위"
|
|
"도 이를 구현합니다. 이런 이유로 `for i in some_vec { .. }`를 사용하여 벡터를 "
|
|
"반복할 수 있지만 `some_vec.next()`는 존재하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) "
|
|
"lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"어떤 컬렉션이 [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait."
|
|
"FromIterator.html)를 구현하고 있다면 [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)로부터 그 컬렉션을 만들 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n"
|
|
" let prime_squares = primes\n"
|
|
" .into_iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n"
|
|
" let prime_squares = primes\n"
|
|
" .into_iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Iterator` implements `fn collect<B>(self) -> B where B: FromIterator<Self::"
|
|
"Item>, Self: Sized`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Iterator`에는 다음 함수가 정의되어 있습니다: `fn collect<B>(self) -> B "
|
|
"where B: FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an "
|
|
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` into a `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>`을 `Result<Vec<V>, E>`로 변환할 수 있는 멋진 "
|
|
"기능들도 구현되어 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:1
|
|
msgid "`From` and `Into`"
|
|
msgstr "`From`과 `Into`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From."
|
|
"html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to "
|
|
"facilitate type conversions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"타입은 용이한 형변환을 위해 [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/"
|
|
"trait.From.html)과 [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into."
|
|
"html)를 구현합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n"
|
|
" let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n"
|
|
" let one = i16::from(true);\n"
|
|
" let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n"
|
|
" let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n"
|
|
" let one = i16::from(true);\n"
|
|
" let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is "
|
|
"automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html)이 구현되면 "
|
|
"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) 역시 자동으"
|
|
"로 구현됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n"
|
|
" let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n"
|
|
" let one: i16 = true.into();\n"
|
|
" let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n"
|
|
" let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n"
|
|
" let one: i16 = true.into();\n"
|
|
" let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get "
|
|
"`Into` implementation too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"그렇기 때문에 사용자 정의 타입의 경우에도 `From` 만 구현하는 것이 일반적입니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be "
|
|
"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. "
|
|
"Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ "
|
|
"implement `Into`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\"`String`으로 변환할 수 있는 모든 것\"과 같은 함수의 인수 타입을 선언할 때에"
|
|
"는 `Into`를 사용해야 함을 조심하세요. 그래야만, 함수는 `From`을 구현한 타입"
|
|
"과 `Into` _만_ 구현한 타입 모두를 인자로 받을 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Read` and `Write`"
|
|
msgstr "`Read`와 `Write`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and "
|
|
"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can "
|
|
"abstract over `u8` sources:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html)와 [`BufRead`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html)를 사용하면 `u8` 타입의 "
|
|
"데이터 스트림을 읽을 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn count_lines<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
|
|
" buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn count_lines<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
|
|
" buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets "
|
|
"you abstract over `u8` sinks:"
|
|
msgstr "이와 비슷하게, `Write`를 사옹하면 `u8` 타입의 데이터를 쓸 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn log<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n"
|
|
" writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n"
|
|
" log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn log<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n"
|
|
" writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n"
|
|
" log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:1
|
|
msgid "The `Drop` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "`Drop` 트레잇"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop."
|
|
"html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html)트레잇을 구현하"
|
|
"면, 그 값이 스코프 밖으로 나갈 때 실행될 코드를 작성할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Droppable {\n"
|
|
" name: &'static str,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for Droppable {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n"
|
|
" let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" drop(a);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting main\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Droppable {\n"
|
|
" name: &'static str,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for Droppable {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n"
|
|
" let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" drop(a);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting main\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:34 src/traits/operators.md:26
|
|
msgid "Discussion points:"
|
|
msgstr "논의점:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:36
|
|
msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?"
|
|
msgstr "`Drop::drop`은 왜 `self`를 인자로 받지 않습니까?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the "
|
|
"block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"짧은 대답: 만약 그렇게 된다면 `std::mem::drop`이 블록의 끝에서 호출되고, 다"
|
|
"시 `Drop::drop`을 호출하게 되어, 스택 오버플로가 발생합니다!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:40
|
|
msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`."
|
|
msgstr "`drop(a)`를 `a.drop()`로 변경해 보시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:1
|
|
msgid "The `Default` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "`Default` 트레잇"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait "
|
|
"produces a default value for a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) 트레잇"
|
|
"은 어떤 타입에 대한 기본값을 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct Derived {\n"
|
|
" x: u32,\n"
|
|
" y: String,\n"
|
|
" z: Implemented,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Implemented(String);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Default for Implemented {\n"
|
|
" fn default() -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let default_struct = Derived::default();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n"
|
|
" y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n"
|
|
" ..Derived::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let nothing: Option<Derived> = None;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct Derived {\n"
|
|
" x: u32,\n"
|
|
" y: String,\n"
|
|
" z: Implemented,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Implemented(String);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Default for Implemented {\n"
|
|
" fn default() -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let default_struct = Derived::default();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n"
|
|
" y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n"
|
|
" ..Derived::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let nothing: Option<Derived> = None;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"트레잇을 직접 구현하거나 `#[derive(Default)]`를 붙여서 컴파일러에게 구현을 맡"
|
|
"길 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to "
|
|
"their default values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"컴파일러가 제공하는 자동 구현의 경우 모든 필드에 대해 기본 값을 설정한 새 인"
|
|
"스턴스를 반환합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:42
|
|
msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이는 구조체의 각 필드 타입들이 모두 `Default` 트레잇을 구현해야 함을 의미합니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. "
|
|
"`0`, `\"\"`, etc)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트 표준 타입들은 대부분 `Default`를 구현하고 있으며, 기본 값은 `0`이나 "
|
|
"`\"\"`처럼 예상 가능한 값들입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:44
|
|
msgid "The partial struct copy works nicely with default."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"구조체의 일부분만 복사하고 싶을 때 `default`를 편리하게 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and "
|
|
"provides convenience methods that use it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트 표준 라이브러리는 `Default` 트레잇을 구현한 타입을 위한 편의 메서드를 "
|
|
"제공하기도 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"the `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-"
|
|
"with-struct-update-syntax)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 `..` 문법은 [구조체 업데이트 문법(struct update syntax)](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-"
|
|
"instances-with-struct-update-syntax)라고 합니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`Add`, `Mul`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
|
|
msgstr "연산자 오버로드는 `std::ops`에 있는 다양한 트레잇들을 통해 구현됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
" type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
" type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&Point`가 `Add`를 구현하도록 할 수도 있습니다. 이게 어떤 경우에 유용할까요? "
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading "
|
|
"the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for "
|
|
"`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"답: `Add:add`는 `self`를 소모합니다. 만약 타입 `T`가 `Copy`트레잇을 구현하고 "
|
|
"있지 않다면 `&T`에 대해서도 연산자 오버로딩을 고려해야 합니다. 이렇게 하면 호"
|
|
"출부에서 불필요한 복사를 피할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the "
|
|
"method?"
|
|
msgstr "왜 `Output`이 연관된 타입인가요? 타입 파라메터로 만들 수 있을까요?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but "
|
|
"associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a "
|
|
"trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"답: 타입 파라메터를 호출하는 쪽에서 결정합니다. 반면 연관된 타입(`Output`같"
|
|
"은) 은 트레잇을 구현하는 쪽에서 제어 가능합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, "
|
|
"i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Add`를 이용해서 서로 다른 두 개의 타입을 더할 수도 있습니다. 예를 들어 "
|
|
"`impl Add<(i32, i32)> for Point`는 튜플을 `Point`에 더할 수 있게 해 줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:1
|
|
msgid "Closures"
|
|
msgstr "클로저(Closure)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, "
|
|
"they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn."
|
|
"html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and "
|
|
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"클로저 혹은 람다표현식은 익명타입입니다. 이들은 [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html),[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait."
|
|
"FnMut.html), [`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) "
|
|
"라는 특별한 트레잇을 구현합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n"
|
|
" func(input)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 20));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" let mut accumulate = |x: i32| {\n"
|
|
" v.push(x);\n"
|
|
" v.iter().sum::<i32>()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 4));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 5));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let multiply_sum = |x| x * v.into_iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"multiply_sum: {}\", apply_with_log(multiply_sum, 3));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n"
|
|
" func(input)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 20));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" let mut accumulate = |x: i32| {\n"
|
|
" v.push(x);\n"
|
|
" v.iter().sum::<i32>()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 4));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 5));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let multiply_sum = |x| x * v.into_iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"multiply_sum: {}\", apply_with_log(multiply_sum, 3));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or "
|
|
"perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times "
|
|
"concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Fn`(예를 들어 `add_3`)은 캡처된 값을 소모도 변경도 하지 않고, 혹은 어떤 것"
|
|
"도 캡쳐하지 않았을 수도 있기 때문에 동시에 여러번 호출할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it "
|
|
"multiple times, but not concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`FnMut`(예를 들어 `accumulate`)는 캡처된 값을 변경할 수 있으므로 여러 번 호출"
|
|
"은 가능하지만 동시에 호출 할 수는 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It "
|
|
"might consume captured values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`FnOnce` (예를 들어 `multiply_sum`)는 한번만 호출되며 캡처된 값을 소모합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. "
|
|
"I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can "
|
|
"use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`FnMut` 는 `FnOnce`의 하위타입입니다. `Fn`은 `FnMut`과 `FnOnce`의 하위 타입입"
|
|
"니다. 즉, `FnMut`는 `FnOnce`가 호출되는 곳이면 어디서나 사용 할 수 있고 `Fn`"
|
|
"은 `FnMut`와 `FnOnce`가 호출되는 곳이면 어디든 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. "
|
|
"`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"컴파일러는 클로저가 무엇을 캡쳐하는지에 따라 `Copy`(예를 들어 `add_3`)과 "
|
|
"`Clone`(예를 들어 `multiply_sum`)을 알아서 추론합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` "
|
|
"keyword makes them capture by value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"기본적으로 클로져는, 가능하다면, 참조를 사용하여 캡쳐를 합니다. `move` 키워드"
|
|
"를 쓰면 값으로 캡쳐가 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn make_greeter(prefix: String) -> impl Fn(&str) {\n"
|
|
" return move |name| println!(\"{} {}\", prefix, name)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let hi = make_greeter(\"Hi\".to_string());\n"
|
|
" hi(\"there\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn make_greeter(prefix: String) -> impl Fn(&str) {\n"
|
|
" return move |name| println!(\"{} {}\", prefix, name)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let hi = make_greeter(\"Hi\".to_string());\n"
|
|
" hi(\"there\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "3일차 오전 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will design a classical GUI library traits and trait objects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이번 연습문제에서는 트레잇와 트레잇 객체를 통해 고전적인 GUI 라이브러리를 설"
|
|
"계할 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and "
|
|
"trait objects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이번 연습문제에서는 트레잇와 트레잇 객체에 대해 배운것을 활용하여 고전적인 "
|
|
"GUI 라이브러리를 설계할 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6
|
|
msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:"
|
|
msgstr "라이브러리에는 몇 가지 위젯이 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8
|
|
msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Window`: `title` 속성을 가지고 있으며, 다른 위젯들을 포함할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the "
|
|
"button is pressed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Button`: `label` 속성을 가지고 있으며, 버튼이 눌렸을때 실행되는 콜백 함수가 "
|
|
"있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:11
|
|
msgid "`Label`: has a `label`."
|
|
msgstr "`Label`: `label` 속성을 가지고 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13
|
|
msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below."
|
|
msgstr "위젯들은 모두 `Widget` 트레잇을 구현합니다. 아래 코드를 참조하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, fill in the missing "
|
|
"`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 코드를 <https://play.rust-lang.org/>에 복사하고 누락된 `draw_into`메서드"
|
|
"를 채워 넣어 `Widget` 트레잇을 완성해봅시다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
" label: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Label {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
" Label {\n"
|
|
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label,\n"
|
|
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Button {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
" Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
" callback,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Window {\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
" Window {\n"
|
|
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
" self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
|
|
"\")));\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
" \"Click me!\",\n"
|
|
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
|
|
" )));\n"
|
|
" window.draw();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
" label: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Label {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
" Label {\n"
|
|
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label,\n"
|
|
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Button {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
" Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
" callback,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Window {\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
" Window {\n"
|
|
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
" self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
|
|
"\")));\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
" \"Click me!\",\n"
|
|
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
|
|
" )));\n"
|
|
" window.draw();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130
|
|
msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:"
|
|
msgstr "위 프로그램의 출력은 아래와 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"========\n"
|
|
"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n"
|
|
"========\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"This is a small text GUI demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"| Click me! |\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"========\n"
|
|
"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n"
|
|
"========\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"This is a small text GUI demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"| Click me! |\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:142
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting operators. In "
|
|
"particular, notice how you can pad with different characters (here a `'/'`) "
|
|
"and how you can control alignment:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"텍스트를 줄맞춤 해서 그리려면 [fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"fmt/index.html#fillalignment)를 참조하시기 바랍니다. 특수 문자(여기서는 "
|
|
"`'/'`)로 패딩을 주는 방법과 정렬을 제어하는 방법을 확인하시기 바랍니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:147
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let width = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left aligned: |{:/<width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"centered: |{:/^width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"right aligned: |{:/>width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let width = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left aligned: |{:/<width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"centered: |{:/^width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"right aligned: |{:/>width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:156
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:"
|
|
msgstr "위의 정렬 트릭을 사용하여 다음과 같은 출력을 생성할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:158
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"+--------------------------------+\n"
|
|
"| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n"
|
|
"+================================+\n"
|
|
"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n"
|
|
"| +-----------+ |\n"
|
|
"| | Click me! | |\n"
|
|
"| +-----------+ |\n"
|
|
"+--------------------------------+\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"+--------------------------------+\n"
|
|
"| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n"
|
|
"+================================+\n"
|
|
"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n"
|
|
"| +-----------+ |\n"
|
|
"| | Click me! | |\n"
|
|
"| +-----------+ |\n"
|
|
"+--------------------------------+\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:3
|
|
msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트에서 오류는 명시적인 흐름을 따라 처리가 됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:5
|
|
msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,"
|
|
msgstr "오류를 발생할 수 있는 함수는 반환 타입에 이를 명시해야 합니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:6
|
|
msgid "There are no exceptions."
|
|
msgstr "예외(exception) 기능은 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 수행 중 치명적인 오류를 만나면 패닉을 발생할 것입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,should_panic\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,should_panic\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:12
|
|
msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors."
|
|
msgstr "패닉은 복구할 수 없고 예상치 못한 오류입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:13
|
|
msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program."
|
|
msgstr "패닉은 프로그램에 버그가 있다는 것을 나타냅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"충돌(크래시)을 허용하지 않아야 하는 경우, 패닉을 유발하지 않는 API(`Vec::get`"
|
|
"등)를 사용하면 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1
|
|
msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding"
|
|
msgstr "스택 되감기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be "
|
|
"caught:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"기본적으로, 패닉이 발생하면 스택 되감기를 합니다. 스택 되감기는 다음과 같이 "
|
|
"캐치가 가능합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::panic;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"hello!\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" assert!(result.is_ok());\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
" panic!(\"oh no!\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" assert!(result.is_err());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::panic;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"hello!\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" assert!(result.is_ok());\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
" panic!(\"oh no!\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" assert!(result.is_err());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single "
|
|
"request crashes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이것은 단일 요청이 크래시 되더라도 프로그램이 계속 실행되야 하는 서버에 유용"
|
|
"합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:23
|
|
msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"만약 `Cargo.toml`설정파일에 `panic = abort`을 설정했다면 크래시를 캐치할 수 "
|
|
"없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:1
|
|
msgid "Structured Error Handling with `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "`Result`를 이용한 구조화된 오류처리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors "
|
|
"are expected as part of normal operation:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"여러분은 이미 `Result` 열거형을 몇 번 봤습니다. 이 타입은 프로그램의 정상적"
|
|
"인 수행 중에 발생할 수 있는 오류값들을 나타내기 위해 사용됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fs;\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let file = fs::File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n"
|
|
" match file {\n"
|
|
" Ok(mut file) => {\n"
|
|
" let mut contents = String::new();\n"
|
|
" file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fs;\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let file = fs::File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n"
|
|
" match file {\n"
|
|
" Ok(mut file) => {\n"
|
|
" let mut contents = String::new();\n"
|
|
" file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the "
|
|
"developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the "
|
|
"case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be "
|
|
"called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Option`와 마찬가지로, 성공한 경우의 값은 `Result` 내부에 있습니다. 그래서, "
|
|
"개발자는 명시적으로 이를 추출하여야 합니다. 이렇게 함으로써 값을 읽기 전에 오"
|
|
"류 발생 여부를 반드시 체크하도록 유도하고 있습니다. 만일 오류가 절대 발생하"
|
|
"지 않는 경우라면 `unwrap()`이나 `expect()`를 사용할 수 있으며, 이는 개발자의 "
|
|
"의도(_역주_: 오류가 발생할 수 없음)을 명시적으로 나타내는 방법이기도 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it "
|
|
"is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions "
|
|
"that help functional-style programming. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"수업중엔 아니지만 `Result`의 API 레퍼런스를 읽는 것을 권장합니다. 함수형 프로"
|
|
"그래밍 스타일에 도움이 되는 편리한 메서드와 함수를 많이 배울 수 있습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1
|
|
msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`"
|
|
msgstr "`?`를 이용한 오류 전파"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
|
|
"turn the common"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"연산자 `?`는 호출자에게 오류를 반환할 때 사용합니다. 이를 이용하면 이런 코드"
|
|
"를"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"match some_expression {\n"
|
|
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"match some_expression {\n"
|
|
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13
|
|
msgid "into the much simpler"
|
|
msgstr "이렇게 짧게 쓸 수 있습니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"some_expression?\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"some_expression?\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19
|
|
msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:"
|
|
msgstr "이제 우리 예제에 적용해 보겠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
|
|
" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n"
|
|
" let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n"
|
|
" Ok(file) => file,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
" match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => Err(err),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
|
|
" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n"
|
|
" let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n"
|
|
" Ok(file) => file,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
" match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => Err(err),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52
|
|
msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`."
|
|
msgstr "`username` 변수는 `Ok(string)`이거나 `Err(error)`일 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:51
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty "
|
|
"file, file with username."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`fs::write` 메서드를 사용하여 파일이 없거나, 비었거나, 중복되는 경우 등을 테"
|
|
"스트해 봅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The return type of the function has to be compatible with the nested "
|
|
"functions it calls. For instance, a function returning a `Result<T, Err>` "
|
|
"can only apply the `?` operator on a function returning a `Result<AnyT, "
|
|
"Err>`. It cannot apply the `?` operator on a function returning an "
|
|
"`Option<AnyT>` or `Result<T, OtherErr>` unless `OtherErr` implements "
|
|
"`From<Err>`. Reciprocally, a function returning an `Option<T>` can only "
|
|
"apply the `?` operator on a function returning an `Option<AnyT>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"함수의 리턴 타입은 네스팅 되어 호출되는 함수의 리턴 타입과 호환되어야 합니"
|
|
"다. 예를 들어 `Result<T, Err>`를 리턴하는 함수는 `Result<AnyT, Err>`를 리턴하"
|
|
"는 함수를 호출할 때에만`?`를 사용할 수 있습니다. `Option<AnyT>`나 `Result<T, "
|
|
"OtherErr>` (`OtherError`가 `From<Err>`를 구현하지 않는 다고 가정할 때)와 같"
|
|
"은 타입을 리턴하는 함수를 호출할 때에는 `?`를 사용할 수 없습니다. 동일한 이유"
|
|
"로, `Option<T>`를 리턴하는 함수는 `Option<AnyT>`를 리턴하는 함수를 호출할 때"
|
|
"에만 `?`를 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can convert incompatible types into one another with the different "
|
|
"`Option` and `Result` methods such as `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, "
|
|
"`Result::err`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Option`과 `Result`간의 변환을 위해 `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, `Result::"
|
|
"err`와 같은 함수들을 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously "
|
|
"indicated:"
|
|
msgstr "실제로 `?`가 적용되는 과정은 아까 설명한 것 보다 좀 더 복잡합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"expression?\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"expression?\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9
|
|
msgid "works the same as"
|
|
msgstr "위 표현은 아래와 같습니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"match expression {\n"
|
|
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"match expression {\n"
|
|
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the "
|
|
"type returned by the function:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`From::from`을 통해 원래의 에러 타입을 이 함수가 반환하는 에러 타입으로 변환"
|
|
"하고 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
|
|
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" IoError(io::Error),\n"
|
|
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" match self {\n"
|
|
" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n"
|
|
" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username "
|
|
"in {filename}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
|
|
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" IoError(io::Error),\n"
|
|
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" match self {\n"
|
|
" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n"
|
|
" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username "
|
|
"in {filename}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is good practice for all error types that don't need to be `no_std` to "
|
|
"implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` and `Display`. The "
|
|
"`Error` crate for `core` is only available in [nightly](https://github.com/"
|
|
"rust-lang/rust/issues/103765), so not fully `no_std` compatible yet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"모든 에러 타입 (`no_std`이어야 하는 에러 타입을 제외하고)에 대해 `std::"
|
|
"error::Error`를 구현하는 것은 좋은 습관입니다. `std::error::Error`를 구현한다"
|
|
"는 것은 `Debug`와 `Display`도 구현한다는 것입니다. `core`를 위한 `Error`크레"
|
|
"이크는 [나이틀리](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/103765)에만 제공"
|
|
"이 됩니다. 그래서 아직 `no_std`환경에서 사용할 수는 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where "
|
|
"possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In "
|
|
"this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"가능하다면 `Clone`과 `Eq` 트레잇도 구현하도록 하세요. 여러분의 라이브러리가 "
|
|
"테스트 하기 쉬워지고, 사용하기 좋아질 겁니다. 다만, 이 예제에서는 그렇게 하"
|
|
"기 힘듭니다. 왜냐하면 `io::Error`는 이 트레잇들을 구현하고 있지 않기 때문입니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create "
|
|
"an error enum like we did on the previous page:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/)는, 이전 페이지에서 보았던 것과 같은 "
|
|
"에러 열거형을 쉽게 만들 수 있게 해 주는 유명한 크레이트 입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
|
|
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
|
|
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and "
|
|
"optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and "
|
|
"`From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for structs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`thiserror`의 derive 매크로를 이용하면 `std::error::Error`과 `Display`(만약 "
|
|
"`#[error(...)]` 어트리뷰트를 추가했을 경우), `From`(만약 `#[from]` 어트리뷰트"
|
|
"를 추가했을 경우) 트레잇들이 자동으로 구현이 됩니다. 구조체에 대해서도 사용 "
|
|
"가능합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43
|
|
msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 매크로를 사용해도 밖으로 노출되는 API가 변경되지는 않습니다. 라이브러리를 "
|
|
"만들 경우에는 이게 중요하죠."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing "
|
|
"our own enum covering all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` "
|
|
"makes this easy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"때때로 우리는, 발생 가능한 모든 에러를 일일히 열거하지 않고, 어떤 종류의 에러"
|
|
"라도 상관없이 리턴하고 싶을 때가 있습니다. `std::error::Error`를 이용하면 쉽"
|
|
"습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::fs;\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::fs;\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different "
|
|
"error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not a good "
|
|
"idea to use `Box<dyn Error>` in the public API of a library, but it can be a "
|
|
"good option in a program where you just want to display the error message "
|
|
"somewhere."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이렇게 하면 코드의 양을 줄일 수 있습니다. 그러나 서로 다른 종류의 에러를 구별"
|
|
"하여 다르게 처리하는 것이 불가능해 집니다. 때문에, `Box<dyn Error>`를 라이브"
|
|
"러리의 API로 노출하는게 좋은 디자인은 아닙니다. 에러 발생 시, 그저 에러 메시"
|
|
"지를 출력하고 싶은 경우와 같이 제한된 상황에서는 유용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add "
|
|
"contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom "
|
|
"error types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) 크레이트는 에러에 에러가 발생한 문맥에 대"
|
|
"한 정보를 추가하기 위해 널리 사용되며, 이를 이용하면 서로 다른 문맥을 나타내"
|
|
"기 사용자 정의 오류 타입을 많이 만들어야 하는 불편함을 피할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(path)\n"
|
|
" .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n"
|
|
" .read_to_string(&mut username)\n"
|
|
" .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(path)\n"
|
|
" .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n"
|
|
" .read_to_string(&mut username)\n"
|
|
" .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35
|
|
msgid "`anyhow::Result<V>` is a type alias for `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Result<V>`는 `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`의 타입 앨리어스(alias)입니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box<dyn Error>`. As such "
|
|
"it's again generally not a good choice for the public API of a library, but "
|
|
"is widely used in applications."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Error`는 `Box<dyn Error>`의 래퍼 타입이라 할 수 있습니다. 따라서 라"
|
|
"이브러리의 공개 API로서 사용하기에 부적합하다고 할 수 있지만 많은 애플리케이"
|
|
"션에 널리 사용되고 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"필요하다면 `anyhow::Error`에 저장된 진짜 에러 타입을 꺼내어 검사할 수도 있습"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result<T>` may be familiar to Go "
|
|
"developers, as it provides similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, "
|
|
"error)` from Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Result<T>`가 제공하는 기능들이 Go 언어 개발자들에게는 익숙할 것입니"
|
|
"다. Go언어에서 반환 값으로 사용하는 `(T, error)` 패턴과 비슷하기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트와 카고(cargo)는 간단한 단위 테스트 프레임워크와 함께 제공됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:5
|
|
msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code."
|
|
msgstr "단위 테스트는 코드 전반에서 지원됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:7
|
|
msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory."
|
|
msgstr "통합 테스트는 `tests/` 디렉터리를 통해 지원됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3
|
|
msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:"
|
|
msgstr "단위 테스트는 `#[test]` 로 표시합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,ignore\n"
|
|
"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" match text.find(' ') {\n"
|
|
" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
|
|
" None => &text,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_word() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_multiple_words() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,ignore\n"
|
|
"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" match text.find(' ') {\n"
|
|
" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
|
|
" None => &text,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_word() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_multiple_words() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29
|
|
msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests."
|
|
msgstr "`cargo test` 커맨드를 사용하면 단위 테스트를 찾아서 실행합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]"
|
|
"(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"단위 테스트는 원래 모듈 밑에 서브 모듈로 만드는 경우가 많습니다. ([플레이그라"
|
|
"운드](https://play.rust-lang.org/)에서 다음 테스트를 수행해 보세요):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_helper() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_helper() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:26
|
|
msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이렇게 서브 모듈로 테스트를 만들면 private한 헬퍼 함수에 대한 단위 테스트도 "
|
|
"가능합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:27
|
|
msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`#[cfg(test)]` 어트리뷰트가 추가된 항목은 `cargo test`를 수행했을 경우에만 동"
|
|
"작합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 문서화주석에 대한 테스트를 내장하여 제공합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18
|
|
msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code."
|
|
msgstr "`///` 주석안의 코드 블록은 자동으로 러스트 코드로 인식됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:19
|
|
msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`."
|
|
msgstr "이 코드 블록은 `cargo test` 호출하면 자동으로 컴파일되고 실행됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 코드를 [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)"
|
|
"에서 테스트 해 보시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3
|
|
msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test."
|
|
msgstr "라이브러리를 사용자 입장에서 테스트 하려면, 통합 테스트를 해야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5
|
|
msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:"
|
|
msgstr "`test/`디렉터리 아래에 `.rs`파일을 하나 만드세요:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"use my_library::init;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_init() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(init().is_ok());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"use my_library::init;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_init() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(init().is_ok());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16
|
|
msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate."
|
|
msgstr "이 테스트는 크레이트의 공개 API에만 접근할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:1
|
|
msgid "Useful crates for writing tests"
|
|
msgstr "테스트 작성에 유용한 크레이트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests."
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 테스트 작성과 관련해서는 기본적인 기능만 지원합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5
|
|
msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:"
|
|
msgstr "다음은 테스트를 작성할 때 권장되는 추가 크레이트입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion "
|
|
"library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): C++용 GoogleTest의 방식을 따르는 테"
|
|
"스트 라이브러리 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:8
|
|
msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust."
|
|
msgstr "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Rust용 속성 기반 테스트입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised "
|
|
"tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): 픽스처 및 매개변수화된 테스트를 지원합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:3
|
|
msgid "The Rust language has two parts:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트로 작성된 프로그램은 크게 두 부분으로 나뉩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:5
|
|
msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"**안전한 러스트:** 메모리 관련 오류 발생 불가능, 정의되지 않은 동작 없음."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are "
|
|
"violated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"**안전하지 않은 러스트:** 특별한 조건을 만족하지 않은채로 사용되면 정의되지 "
|
|
"않은 동작을 유발할 수 있음."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to "
|
|
"know what Unsafe Rust is."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 강의는 대부분 안전한 러스트에 대해 다루지만 안전하지 않은 러스트가 무엇인"
|
|
"지는 알아 두어야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be "
|
|
"carefully documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"보통, 안전하지 않은 러스트 코드는 크기가 작으며, 독립적으로 존재합니다. 그리"
|
|
"고 코드가 왜 잘 작동하는지에 대해 세밀하게 문서화가 되어 있습니다. 그리고, 많"
|
|
"은 경우 안전한 러스트 코드를 통해서 추상화를 시킨 후 사용하게 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:14
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"안전하지 않은 러스트를 이용하면 다음과 같은 다섯 가지 것들이 가능해 집니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:16
|
|
msgid "Dereference raw pointers."
|
|
msgstr "원시 포인터 역참조(따라가기)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:17
|
|
msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables."
|
|
msgstr "정적 가변변수 접근 및 수정."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:18
|
|
msgid "Access `union` fields."
|
|
msgstr "`union` 필드 접근."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:19
|
|
msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions."
|
|
msgstr "`extern` 함수를 포함한 `unsafe` 함수 호출."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:20
|
|
msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits."
|
|
msgstr "`unsafe` 트레잇 구현."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see "
|
|
"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-"
|
|
"unsafe-rust.html) and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 기능들에 대해 간략히 살펴보겠습니다. 자세한 내용은 [러스트 프로그래밍 언"
|
|
"어, 19.1절](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html)과 "
|
|
"[Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)를 참조하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers "
|
|
"have turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code "
|
|
"by themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety "
|
|
"rules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"안전하지 않은 러스트라고 해서 코드가 부정확 하다는 뜻은 아닙니다. 여기서 안전"
|
|
"하지 않다의 의미는 컴파일러가 제공해주는 안전 장치들이 꺼진 상태이며, 개발자"
|
|
"가 스스로 정확하고 안전한 코드를 작성해야 함을 의미합니다. 이는 컴파일러가 "
|
|
"더 이상 러스트의 메모리 안전과 관련된 규칙들을 적용하지 않는다는 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3
|
|
msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"포인터를 만드는 것은 안전합니다. 하지만 역참조(따라가기)할 경우 `unsafe`가 필"
|
|
"요합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut num = 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n"
|
|
" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n"
|
|
" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects "
|
|
"underlying\n"
|
|
" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n"
|
|
" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n"
|
|
" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n"
|
|
" *r1 = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut num = 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n"
|
|
" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n"
|
|
" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects "
|
|
"underlying\n"
|
|
" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n"
|
|
" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n"
|
|
" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n"
|
|
" *r1 = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write "
|
|
"a comment for each `unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it "
|
|
"satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe operations it is doing."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"모든 `unsafe` 블록에 대해 왜 그 코드가 안전한지에 대한 설명을 주석으로 다는 "
|
|
"것은 좋은 습관입니다(사실 안드로이드의 러스트 스타일 가이드에서는 이게 필수입"
|
|
"니다)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be "
|
|
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"포인터 역참조를 할 경우, 포인터가 [_유효_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/"
|
|
"index.html#safety)해야 합니다. 예를 들어:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:34
|
|
msgid "The pointer must be non-null."
|
|
msgstr "포인터는 null이면 안됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single "
|
|
"allocated object)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"포인터는 따라가기가 가능해야 합니다 (객체의 어느 한 부분을 가리키고 있어야 합"
|
|
"니다)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:36
|
|
msgid "The object must not have been deallocated."
|
|
msgstr "이미 반환된 객체를 가리키면 안됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:37
|
|
msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location."
|
|
msgstr "같은 위치에 대해 동시적인 접근이 있으면 안됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object "
|
|
"must be live and no reference may be used to access the memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"참조를 캐스팅 해서 포인터를 만들었다면, 그 참조가 가리키는 객체는 살아 있어"
|
|
"야 하며, 그 객체의 메모리를 접근하는 참조가 하나도 없어야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:41
|
|
msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned."
|
|
msgstr "대부분의 경우 포인터는 align되어 있어야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3
|
|
msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:"
|
|
msgstr "불변 정적변수를 읽는 것은 안전합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable "
|
|
"static variables:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"하지만, 데이터 레이스가 발생할 수 있으므로 정적 가변변수를 읽고 쓰는 것은 안"
|
|
"전하지 않습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
|
|
" unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" add_to_counter(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
|
|
" unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // 잠재적 데이터 경합!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" add_to_counter(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // 잠재적 데이터 경합!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases "
|
|
"where it might make sense in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a "
|
|
"heap allocator or working with some C APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"일반적으로 이야기 해서, 정적 가변 변수를 쓰는 것은 좋은 아이디어가 아닙니다. "
|
|
"그러나 `no_std`와 같은 저수준 코딩을 할 경우에는 필요하기도 합니다. 예를 들"
|
|
"어 힙 할당기를 구현하거나, C API를 사용하는 게 그런 경우입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:3
|
|
msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"유니온 타입은 열거형(enum)과 비슷하지만, 어떤 필드에 해당하는 값을 가지고 있"
|
|
"는지 여부를 프로그래머가 수동으로 추적해야 합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
"union MyUnion {\n"
|
|
" i: u8,\n"
|
|
" b: bool,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n"
|
|
" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
"union MyUnion {\n"
|
|
" i: u8,\n"
|
|
" b: bool,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n"
|
|
" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They "
|
|
"are occasionally needed for interacting with C library APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트에는 열거형이 있기 때문에 유니온이 필요한 경우는 극히 드뭅니다. 유니온"
|
|
"은 C 라이브러리 API를 사용할 때 가끔 필요합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want "
|
|
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
|
|
"transmute.html) or a safe wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/"
|
|
"crates/zerocopy) crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"바이트들을 특정 타입으로 재해석 하고 싶다면 [`std::mem::transmute`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html)나 좀 더 안전한 "
|
|
"[`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy) 크레이트를 사용하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions "
|
|
"you must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"함수나 메서드가 정의되지 않은 동작으로 빠지지 않게 하기 위해서 만족해야 하는 "
|
|
"전제 조건이 있는 경우, 그 함수나 메서드를 `unsafe`로 표시할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds "
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
|
|
"get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
|
|
"get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds "
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
|
|
"get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
|
|
"get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular "
|
|
"conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"여러분이 작성한 함수를 사용할 때 어떤 특별한 조건을 만족해야 한다면, `unsafe`"
|
|
"로 마킹할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
|
|
"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n"
|
|
" let temp = *a;\n"
|
|
" *a = *b;\n"
|
|
" *b = temp;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a = 42;\n"
|
|
" let mut b = 66;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because ...\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
|
|
"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n"
|
|
" let temp = *a;\n"
|
|
" *a = *b;\n"
|
|
" *b = temp;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a = 42;\n"
|
|
" let mut b = 66;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because ...\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely "
|
|
"with references."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"참조를 사용하면 안전하게 구현할 수 있기 때문에, 실제로 포인터를 사용할 필요"
|
|
"는 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an "
|
|
"`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. "
|
|
"Try adding it and see what happens."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"안전하지 않은(unsafe) 코드가 안전하지 않은(unsafe) 함수의 내부에서 호출될 경"
|
|
"우에는 `unsafe`블록을 지정하지 않아도 됩니다. `unsafe`블록을 항상 지정하도록 "
|
|
"하고 싶다면 `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`를 이용하세요. 이 어트리뷰트를 "
|
|
"추가해 보고 어떤 일이 일어나는지 확인해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1
|
|
msgid "Calling External Code"
|
|
msgstr "외부 코드 호출"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. Calling "
|
|
"them is thus unsafe:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"다른 언어의 함수는 러스트의 보증을 위반할 수 있습니다. 따라서 이를 호출하는 "
|
|
"것은 안전하지 않습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with "
|
|
"pointers which might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C "
|
|
"function might have undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이게 문제가 되는 경우는 대부분 외부 함수가 러스트의 메모리 모델을 위반하고 있"
|
|
"을 경우입니다. 그러나 어떤 C함수라도 어떤 임의의 상황에서는 정의되지 않은 동"
|
|
"작을 할 수 있기 때문에, 엄밀히 말해서는 모든 외부 함수에 대해서 문제입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 예제 코드에서 `\"C\"`는 ABI를 의미합니다. [다른 ABI도 있습니다.](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation "
|
|
"must guarantee particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"함수에서와 마찬가지로 트레잇도 `unsafe`로 마킹 가능합니다. 만약 그 트레잇을 "
|
|
"구현할 때 정의되지 않은 동작을 피하기 위해 특별한 조건이 필요하다면 말이지요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something "
|
|
"like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"예를 들어 `zerocopy` 크레이트에는 [안전하지 않은 트레잇](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html)이 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
|
|
"use std::slice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// ...\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
|
|
" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, "
|
|
"size_of_val(self))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
|
|
"use std::slice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// ...\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
|
|
" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, "
|
|
"size_of_val(self))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining "
|
|
"the requirements for the trait to be safely implemented."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"안전하지 않은 트레잇을 만들 때에는 주석에 `# Safety` 항목이 있어서 이 트레잇"
|
|
"을 안전하게 구현하려면 어떤 요구사항들을 만족해야 하는지를 설명해야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more "
|
|
"complicated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`AsBytes`에서 지켜야 할 안전성에 대한 실제 설명은 좀 더 길고 복잡합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35
|
|
msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe."
|
|
msgstr "빌트인 트레잇인 `Send`와 `Sync`는 안전하지 않은 트레잇 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "3일차 오후 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!"
|
|
msgstr "디렉터리의 내용을 읽는 안전한 래퍼 코드를 작성해 봅시다!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this exercise, we suggest using a local dev environment instead of the "
|
|
"Playground. This will allow you to run your binary on your own machine."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이번 연습에서는, 플레이그라운드 대신 로컬 개발 환경을 사용해서, 여러분의 컴퓨"
|
|
"터에서 바이너리를 직접 수행해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To get started, follow the [running locally](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
|
|
"instructions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"시작하기 위해, [로컬 환경에서 수행하기](../../cargo/running-locally.md)를 따"
|
|
"르세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-"
|
|
"afternoon.md) provided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"연습문제를 살펴 본 후, 제공된 [해답](solutions-afternoon.md)을 살펴볼 수 있습"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function "
|
|
"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` "
|
|
"functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 \\_외부 기능 호출(FFI)\\_을 지원합니다. 우리는 이를 이용하여 디렉터"
|
|
"리에서 파일 이름을 읽어오는 `libc` 함수에 대한 안전한 래퍼를 만들 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7
|
|
msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:"
|
|
msgstr "아래 리눅스 메뉴얼 문서들을 참조하시기 바랍니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9
|
|
msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:10
|
|
msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:11
|
|
msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the "
|
|
"exercise:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아마 [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/)모듈을 참조할 필요가 있"
|
|
"을 것입니다. 거기에는 이번 예제를 수행하는데 필요한 다양한 종류의 문자열 타입"
|
|
"들이 소개되어 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16
|
|
msgid "Encoding"
|
|
msgstr "인코딩"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16
|
|
msgid "Use"
|
|
msgstr "사용"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html)과 [`String`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18
|
|
msgid "UTF-8"
|
|
msgstr "UTF-8"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:18
|
|
msgid "Text processing in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "러스트에서의 문자열 처리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html)과 [`CString`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19
|
|
msgid "NUL-terminated"
|
|
msgstr "널(NUL)로 끝남"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:19
|
|
msgid "Communicating with C functions"
|
|
msgstr "C함수와 연동하기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and "
|
|
"[`OsString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html)와 [`OsString`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20
|
|
msgid "OS-specific"
|
|
msgstr "OS가 정의함"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:20
|
|
msgid "Communicating with the OS"
|
|
msgstr "OS와 연동하기 위한 문자열"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22
|
|
msgid "You will convert between all these types:"
|
|
msgstr "이 타입들 간의 변환은 다음과 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` "
|
|
"character,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&str`에서 `CString`으로의 변환: 맨 마지막의 `\\0` 문자를 저장하기 위한 공간"
|
|
"을 할당해야 합니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:25
|
|
msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`CString`에서 `*const i8`로의 변환: C함수를 호출하기 위해서는 포인터가 필요합"
|
|
"니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` "
|
|
"character,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`*const i8`에서 `&CStr`로의 변환: 주어진 바이트 시퀀스가 `\\0`로 끝나는지 확"
|
|
"인하고 싶은 경우,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some "
|
|
"unknow data\","
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&CStr`에서 `&[u8]`로의 변환: 바이트 슬라이스는 \"알수없는 데이터\"에 대한 일"
|
|
"반적인 인터페이스입니다,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&[u8]`에서 `&OsStr`로의 변환: `&OsStr`는 `OsString`으로 가기 위한 중간 단계 "
|
|
"입니다. [`OsStrExt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait."
|
|
"OsStrExt.html)를 사용해서 `OsStr`를 생성하세요,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to "
|
|
"return it and call `readdir` again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&OsStr`에서 `OsString`으로의 변환: `&OsStr`이 가리키고 있는 데이터를 복사함"
|
|
"으로써, 이 데이터를 리턴하고, `readdir`함수를 호출할 때 사용할 수 있게 해 줍"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very "
|
|
"useful chapter about FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html)에 FFI와 관련한 아주 유"
|
|
"용한 챕터가 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
|
|
"functions and methods:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 코드를 <https://play.rust-lang.org/>에 복사하고 빠진 함수와 메서드를 채"
|
|
"워봅니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod ffi {\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
|
|
"PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
|
|
" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
" pub d_off: c_long,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_fileno: u64,\n"
|
|
" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
|
|
" pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: u8,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n"
|
|
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section "
|
|
"on\n"
|
|
" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
|
|
"refers\n"
|
|
" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and "
|
|
"PowerPC.\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n"
|
|
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" path: CString,\n"
|
|
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod ffi {\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
|
|
"PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
|
|
" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
" pub d_off: c_long,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_fileno: u64,\n"
|
|
" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
|
|
" pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: u8,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n"
|
|
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section "
|
|
"on\n"
|
|
" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
|
|
"refers\n"
|
|
" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and "
|
|
"PowerPC.\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n"
|
|
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" path: CString,\n"
|
|
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android"
|
|
msgstr "1일차 개요"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means "
|
|
"that you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as "
|
|
"extending existing services."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 안드로이드 네이티브 플랫폼 개발을 지원합니다. 기존의 OS 서비스를 확"
|
|
"장하거나, 새로운 서비스를 만드는데 러스트를 쓸 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to "
|
|
"find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code "
|
|
"to Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something "
|
|
"that parses some raw bytes would be ideal."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"우리는 오늘 여러분의 프로젝트에서 러스트 코드를 호출해볼 것입니다. 그 프로젝"
|
|
"트에서 러스트로 옮길만 한 작은 부분을 정하세요. 의존성이 적고 \"특이한\" 타입"
|
|
"이 적을 수록 좋습니다. 바이트 몇 개를 파싱하는 코드라면 완벽합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you "
|
|
"have access to one or create a new one with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"안드로이드 가상 디바이스(Android Virtual Device)를 사용하여 여러분의 코드를 "
|
|
"수행할 겁니다. 새로운 가상 디바이스를 생성하려면 아래의 명령어를 사용하세요:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"source build/envsetup.sh\n"
|
|
"lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n"
|
|
"acloud create\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ source build/envsetup.sh\n"
|
|
"$ lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n"
|
|
"$ acloud create\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/"
|
|
"setup/start) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"자세한 내용은 [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/"
|
|
"setup/start)을 참조하십시오."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:3
|
|
msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"안드로이드 빌드 시스템(Soong)은 다음과 같은 여러 모듈을 통해 러스트를 지원합"
|
|
"니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
|
|
msgid "Module Type"
|
|
msgstr "Module Type"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
|
|
msgid "Description"
|
|
msgstr "Description"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:7
|
|
msgid "`rust_binary`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_binary`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:7
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust binary."
|
|
msgstr "러스트 바이너리를 생성합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:8
|
|
msgid "`rust_library`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_library`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:8
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants."
|
|
msgstr "러스트 라이브러리(rlib혹은 dylib)를 생성합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:9
|
|
msgid "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static "
|
|
"and shared variants."
|
|
msgstr "cc 모듈에서 사용할 수 있는 C library (정적 혹은 동적)를 생성합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:10
|
|
msgid "`rust_proc_macro`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_proc_macro`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler "
|
|
"plugins."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`proc-macro`를 구현하는 러스트 라이브러리를 생성합니다. 컴파일러의 플러그인으"
|
|
"로 생각해도 좋습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:11
|
|
msgid "`rust_test`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_test`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:11
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness."
|
|
msgstr "표준 러스트 테스트 러너를 사용하는 테스트 바이너리를 생성합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:12
|
|
msgid "`rust_fuzz`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_fuzz`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:12
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`."
|
|
msgstr "`libfuzzer`를 사용하여 fuzz 바이너리를 생성합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:13
|
|
msgid "`rust_protobuf`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_protobuf`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for "
|
|
"a particular protobuf."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"프로토버프(protobuf) 인터페이스를 제공하는 러스트 라이브러리를 생성합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:14
|
|
msgid "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C "
|
|
"libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"C 라이브러리에 대한 러스트 바인딩을 제공하는 러스트 라이브러리를 생성합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:16
|
|
msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next."
|
|
msgstr "다음은 `rust_binary`와 `rust_library`를 살펴봅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1
|
|
msgid "Rust Binaries"
|
|
msgstr "러스트 바이너리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, "
|
|
"create the following files:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"간단한 응용 프로그램으로 시작해 보겠습니다. AOSP 체크아웃의 루트에서 다음 파"
|
|
"일을 생성합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"//! Rust 데모입니다.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// 인사말을 표준 출력으로 인쇄합니다.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27
|
|
msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr "그런 다음, 이 바이너리를 빌드하고, 가상 디바이스에 넣고, 실행합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"Hello from Rust!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1
|
|
msgid "Rust Libraries"
|
|
msgstr "러스트 라이브러리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3
|
|
msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`rust_library`를 사용하여 안드로이드용 새 러스트 라이브러리를 만듭니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5
|
|
msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:"
|
|
msgstr "여기서 두 개의 라이브러리에 대한 의존성을 선언합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7
|
|
msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below,"
|
|
msgstr "아래에 정의한 `libgreeting`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]"
|
|
"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/"
|
|
"crates/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`external/rust/crates/`](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/"
|
|
"superproject/+/master:external/rust/crates/)에 존재하는 `libtextwrap`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
" \"libtextwrap\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
" \"libtextwrap\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use greetings::greeting;\n"
|
|
"use textwrap::fill;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Rust 데모입니다.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use greetings::greeting;\n"
|
|
"use textwrap::fill;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// 인사말을 표준 출력으로 인쇄합니다.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Greeting library.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Greet `name`.\n"
|
|
"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! 인사말 라이브러리입니다.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// `이름`에게 인사합니다.\n"
|
|
"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59
|
|
msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:"
|
|
msgstr "이전처럼, 빌드하고, 가상 디바이스로 넣고, 실행합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"Hello Bob, it is very\n"
|
|
"nice to meet you!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:67
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"Hello Bob, it is very\n"
|
|
"nice to meet you!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android."
|
|
"com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 [안드로이드 인터페이스 정의 언어(AIDL)](https://developer.android."
|
|
"com/guide/components/aidl)를 지원합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:6
|
|
msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,"
|
|
msgstr "러스트 코드에서 기존 AIDL 서버를 호출 할 수 있습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:7
|
|
msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust."
|
|
msgstr "러스트에서 새로운 AIDL 서버를 생성할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1
|
|
msgid "AIDL Interfaces"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL 인터페이스"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3
|
|
msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL 인터페이스를 이용해서 서비스의 API를 선언합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
|
|
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
|
|
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/** 생일 서비스 인터페이스입니다. */\n"
|
|
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
|
|
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"aidl_interface {\n"
|
|
" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
|
|
" unstable: true,\n"
|
|
" backend: {\n"
|
|
" rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n"
|
|
" enabled: true,\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"aidl_interface {\n"
|
|
" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
|
|
" unstable: true,\n"
|
|
" backend: {\n"
|
|
" rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n"
|
|
" enabled: true,\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the "
|
|
"vendor partition."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"AIDL 파일이 벤더 파티션에 있는 바이너리에서 사용될 경우 `vendor_available: "
|
|
"true`를 추가합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1
|
|
msgid "Service Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "서비스 구현"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3
|
|
msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:"
|
|
msgstr "이제 AIDL서비스를 구현할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
|
|
"pub struct BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::"
|
|
"Result<String> {\n"
|
|
" Ok(format!(\n"
|
|
" \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!"
|
|
"\"\n"
|
|
" ))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! `IBirthdayService` AIDL 인터페이스의 구현입니다.\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// `IBirthdayService` 구현입니다.\n"
|
|
"pub struct BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::"
|
|
"Result<String> {\n"
|
|
" Ok(format!(\n"
|
|
" \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!"
|
|
"\"\n"
|
|
" ))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:37
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1
|
|
msgid "AIDL Server"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL 서버"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:"
|
|
msgstr "마지막으로 서비스를 제공하는 서버를 만들 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
"IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n"
|
|
" birthday_service,\n"
|
|
" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder."
|
|
"as_binder())\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n"
|
|
" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! 생일 서비스입니다.\n"
|
|
"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
"IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// 생일 서비스의 진입점입니다.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n"
|
|
" birthday_service,\n"
|
|
" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder."
|
|
"as_binder())\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n"
|
|
" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3
|
|
msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:"
|
|
msgstr "서비스를 빌드하고, 가상 디바이스에 넣고, 시작 할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11
|
|
msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:"
|
|
msgstr "다른 터미널을 띄워서 서비스가 잘 수행되고 있는지 확인합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"adb shell service check birthdayservice\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell service check birthdayservice\n"
|
|
"Service birthdayservice: found\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"Service birthdayservice: found\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell service check birthdayservice\n"
|
|
"Service birthdayservice: found\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:21
|
|
msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:"
|
|
msgstr "`service call`명렁어로 서비스를 호출할 수도 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell service check birthdayservice\n"
|
|
"Service birthdayservice: found\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"Result: Parcel(\n"
|
|
" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ $ adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n"
|
|
"Result: Parcel(\n"
|
|
" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1
|
|
msgid "AIDL Client"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL 클라이언트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"마지막으로, 아까 추가한 서비스에 대한 클라이언트를 러스트로 만들겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
|
|
"pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::"
|
|
"StatusCode> {\n"
|
|
" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Call the birthday service.\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
" .nth(1)\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
|
|
" let years = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
" .nth(2)\n"
|
|
" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok())\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
|
|
" let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to "
|
|
"BirthdayService\");\n"
|
|
" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! 생일 서비스입니다.\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
"IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// BirthdayService에 연결합니다.\n"
|
|
"pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::"
|
|
"StatusCode> {\n"
|
|
" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// 생일 서비스를 호출합니다.\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
" .nth(1)\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
|
|
" let years = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
" .nth(2)\n"
|
|
" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok())\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
|
|
" let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to "
|
|
"BirthdayService\");\n"
|
|
" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:52
|
|
msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`."
|
|
msgstr "클라이언트는 `libbirthdayservice`에 의존하지 않음에 주목하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:54
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "빌드하고, 가상 디바이스로 넣고, 실행합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:56
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m birthday_client\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:62
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients "
|
|
"specify a list of lines for the birthday card:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"API를 확장하여 더 많은 기능을 제공해 봅시다. 클라이언트가 생일 카드에 담길 내"
|
|
"용을 지정할 수 있도록 하겠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
|
|
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
|
|
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/** 생일 서비스 인터페이스입니다. */\n"
|
|
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
|
|
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) "
|
|
"or `stdout` (on-host):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`log` 크레이트를 사용하면 안드로이드 디바이스 안에서 수행될 때에는 `logcat`으"
|
|
"로, 호스트에서 수행될 때에는 `stdout`으로 로그가 자동으로 출력이 되도록 할 "
|
|
"수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:6
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"liblog_rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"liblogger\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
" host_supported: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"liblog_rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"liblogger\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
" host_supported: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:22
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Rust logging demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use log::{debug, error, info};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Logs a greeting.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" logger::init(\n"
|
|
" logger::Config::default()\n"
|
|
" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n"
|
|
" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n"
|
|
" info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n"
|
|
" error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Rust 로깅 데모입니다.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use log::{debug, error, info};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// 인사말을 기록합니다.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" logger::init(\n"
|
|
" logger::Config::default()\n"
|
|
" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n"
|
|
" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n"
|
|
" info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n"
|
|
" error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "빌드하고, 가상 디바이스에 넣고, 실행합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:44
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:50
|
|
msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:"
|
|
msgstr "`adb logcat`커맨드로 로그를 확인합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:52
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"adb logcat -s rust\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:56
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going "
|
|
"fine.\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went "
|
|
"wrong!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ adb logcat -s rust\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going "
|
|
"fine.\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went "
|
|
"wrong!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This "
|
|
"means that you can:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트는 다음과 같이 다른 언어와의 상호운용성을 훌륭히 지원합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:6
|
|
msgid "Call Rust functions from other languages."
|
|
msgstr "타 언어에서 러스트 함수를 호출합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:7
|
|
msgid "Call functions written in other languages from Rust."
|
|
msgstr "타 언어의 함수를 러스트에서 호출합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a "
|
|
"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"타 언어의 함수를 호출해서 사용하는 것을 FFI(foreign function interface)라고 "
|
|
"합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with C"
|
|
msgstr "C와의 상호운용성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention. "
|
|
"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 C 호출규약을 따르는 오브젝트 파일과 링킹할 수 있습니다. 또한, 반대"
|
|
"로 러스트 함수를 내보내서 C에서 호출 할 수 도 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6
|
|
msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:"
|
|
msgstr "원한다면 아래와 같이 수동으로 코딩할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = -42;\n"
|
|
" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = -42;\n"
|
|
" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../exercises/day-3/"
|
|
"safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"우리는 이미 [Safe FFI 래퍼 연습문제](../../exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper."
|
|
"md)에서 이를 다루었습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for "
|
|
"production."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이러한 방법은 타겟 플랫폼의 모든 부분을 사전에 알고 있다는 전제를 깔고 있습니"
|
|
"다. 상용 프로젝트에서는 권장하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26
|
|
msgid "We will look at better options next."
|
|
msgstr "좀 더 나은 옵션을 살펴보겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1
|
|
msgid "Using Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "Bindgen 사용하기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) "
|
|
"tool can auto-generate bindings from a C header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html)는 C 헤"
|
|
"더파일에서 러스트 바인딩을 자동으로 생성하는 도구입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6
|
|
msgid "First create a small C library:"
|
|
msgstr "먼저 작은 C라이브러리를 만들어 보겠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"typedef struct card {\n"
|
|
" const char* name;\n"
|
|
" int years;\n"
|
|
"} card;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"void print_card(const card* card);\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include <stdio.h>\n"
|
|
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"void print_card(const card* card) {\n"
|
|
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
" printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n"
|
|
" printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n"
|
|
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33
|
|
msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:"
|
|
msgstr "`Android.bp` 파일에 아래를 추가합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"cc_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this "
|
|
"example):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"라이브러리에 대한 헤더 파일을 만듭니다(이 예시에서는 반드시 필요한 것은 아닙"
|
|
"니다.):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53
|
|
msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:"
|
|
msgstr "이제 바인딩을 자동으로 생성할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_bindgen {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n"
|
|
" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:"
|
|
msgstr "마침내, 러스트 프로그램에서 바인딩을 사용할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! Bindgen demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let card = card {\n"
|
|
" name: name.as_ptr(),\n"
|
|
" years: 42,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" print_card(&card as *const card);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"마지막으로, 바인딩이 잘 작동하는지 확인하기 위해, 자동 생성된 테스트를 실행"
|
|
"해 보겠습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_test {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n"
|
|
" auto_gen_config: true,\n"
|
|
" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n"
|
|
" lints: \"none\",\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1
|
|
msgid "Calling Rust"
|
|
msgstr "C에서 러스트 호출"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3
|
|
msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트에서 타입과 함수를 C로 내보내는 것은 간단합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
|
|
"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n"
|
|
" if x < y {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
"#define ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#endif\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48
|
|
msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:"
|
|
msgstr "이제 이 러스트 함수를 C바이너리에서 호출할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include \"analyze.h\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"int main() {\n"
|
|
" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n"
|
|
" return 0;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"cc_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol "
|
|
"will just be the name of the function. You can also use `#[export_name = "
|
|
"\"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]`은 러스트의 네임 맹글링(name mangling)을 비활성화하므로 외부로 "
|
|
"노출되는 심볼의 이름은 함수의 이름 그대로가 됩니다. 심볼 이름을 바꾸고 싶다"
|
|
"면 `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]`을 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe "
|
|
"interoperability between Rust and C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[CXX 크레이트](https://cxx.rs/)는 러스트와 C++ 사이의 안전한 상호운용성을 가"
|
|
"능하게 해줍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6
|
|
msgid "The overall approach looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr "전체적인 접근 방법은 다음과 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for an full example of "
|
|
"using this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"사용하는 방법에 대해서는[CXX 튜토리얼](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) 를 참조"
|
|
"합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At this point, the instructor should switch to the [CXX tutorial](https://"
|
|
"cxx.rs/tutorial.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:16
|
|
msgid "Walk the students through the tutorial step by step."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Highlight how CXX presents a clean interface without unsafe code in _both "
|
|
"languages_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show the correspondence between [Rust and C++ types](https://cxx.rs/bindings."
|
|
"html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Explain how a Rust `String` cannot map to a C++ `std::string` (the latter "
|
|
"does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant). Show that despite being different "
|
|
"types, `rust::String` in C++ can be easily constructed from a C++ `std::"
|
|
"string`, making it very ergonomic to use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Explain that a Rust function returning `Result<T, E>` becomes a function "
|
|
"which throws a `E` exception in C++ (and vice versa)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with Java"
|
|
msgstr "Java와의 상호운용성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"jni/) allows you to create a compatible library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"자바는 [Java Native Interface(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
|
|
"Java_Native_Interface)를 통해 공유 라이브러리를 로드할 수 있습니다. [`jni` 크"
|
|
"레이트](https://docs.rs/jni/)를 사용하여 JNI 라이브러리를 만들 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7
|
|
msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:"
|
|
msgstr "먼저, 자바로 내보낼 러스트 함수를 생성합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
|
|
"use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
|
|
"use jni::JNIEnv;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n"
|
|
" env: JNIEnv,\n"
|
|
" _class: JClass,\n"
|
|
" name: JString,\n"
|
|
") -> jstring {\n"
|
|
" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n"
|
|
" let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n"
|
|
" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" output.into_inner()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! Rust <-> Java FFI 데모입니다.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
|
|
"use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
|
|
"use jni::JNIEnv;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// HelloWorld::hello 메서드 구현입니다.\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n"
|
|
" env: JNIEnv,\n"
|
|
" _class: JClass,\n"
|
|
" name: JString,\n"
|
|
") -> jstring {\n"
|
|
" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n"
|
|
" let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n"
|
|
" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" output.into_inner()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:62
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi_shared {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi_shared {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:"
|
|
msgstr "자바에서 이 함수를 호출 할 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"class HelloWorld {\n"
|
|
" private static native String hello(String name);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" static {\n"
|
|
" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
|
|
" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
" System.out.println(output);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"class HelloWorld {\n"
|
|
" private static native String hello(String name);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" static {\n"
|
|
" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
|
|
" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
" System.out.println(output);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"java_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n"
|
|
" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n"
|
|
" required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"java_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n"
|
|
" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n"
|
|
" required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73
|
|
msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr "마지막으로 바이너리를 빌드, 싱크, 실행합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m helloworld_jni\n"
|
|
"adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n"
|
|
"adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m helloworld_jni\n"
|
|
"$ adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with "
|
|
"and try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"마지막 연습문제는 여러분이 작업하고 있는 프로젝트 중 하나를 FFI로 러스트와 연"
|
|
"계 해보는 것입니다. 몇 가지 예시입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6
|
|
msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust."
|
|
msgstr "당신의 AIDL서비스를 러스트 클라이언트에서 호출해봅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:8
|
|
msgid "Move a function from your project to Rust and call it."
|
|
msgstr "당신의 프로젝트의 함수를 러스트로 옮기고 호출해봅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone "
|
|
"in the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 연습문제는 열려있기 때문에 해답이 제공되지 않습니다. 클래스에서 제출된 코"
|
|
"드에 의존합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people "
|
|
"who are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the "
|
|
"Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some experience with bare-"
|
|
"metal programming in some other language such as C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 과정은 Rust에 대해 어느정도 경험이 있고 (아마도 Comprehensive Rust 과정을 "
|
|
"통해) C와 같은 다른 언어로 bare-metal 프로그래밍을 해 본 사용자를 대상으로 하"
|
|
"는 bare-metal Rust에 관한 독립적인 1일 과정입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS "
|
|
"underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"오늘은 OS를 사용하지 않고 Rust 코드를 실행하는 'bare-metal' Rust에 관해 알아"
|
|
"봅니다. 본 강의의 구성은 다음과 같습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:10
|
|
msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?"
|
|
msgstr "`no_std` Rust란 무엇인가요?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:11
|
|
msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr "마이크로컨트롤러용 펌웨어 작성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:12
|
|
msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors."
|
|
msgstr "애플리케이션 프로세서를 위한 부트로더 / 커널 코드 작성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:13
|
|
msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development."
|
|
msgstr "bare-metal Rust 개발을 위한 유용한 크레이트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]"
|
|
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://"
|
|
"tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic nRF51822 microcontroller "
|
|
"with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and "
|
|
"an on-board SWD debugger."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 강의에서는 [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2마이크로컨트롤러를 사"
|
|
"용합니다. 이 마이크로컨트롤러는 Nordic nRF51822 마이크로컨트롤러에 기반한 [개"
|
|
"발 보드](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/)로써, LED와 버튼, I2C 연결 가속"
|
|
"도계 및 나침반, 온보드 SWD 디버거를 포함하고 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"시작하기전에, 앞으로 사용할 도구를 설치해야 합니다. gLinux 또는 Debian를 사용"
|
|
"하고 있다면 아래와 같이 하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom pkg-"
|
|
"config qemu-system-arm\n"
|
|
"rustup update\n"
|
|
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom pkg-"
|
|
"config qemu-system-arm\n"
|
|
"rustup update\n"
|
|
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`plugdev` 그룹의 사용자에게 micro:bit 프로그래머 장치에 대한 액세스 권한을 부"
|
|
"여합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", "
|
|
"GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n"
|
|
" sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n"
|
|
"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", "
|
|
"GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n"
|
|
" sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n"
|
|
"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:38
|
|
msgid "On MacOS:"
|
|
msgstr "MacOS에서:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"xcode-select --install\n"
|
|
"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n"
|
|
"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n"
|
|
"rustup update\n"
|
|
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"xcode-select --install\n"
|
|
"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n"
|
|
"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n"
|
|
"rustup update\n"
|
|
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1
|
|
msgid "`no_std`"
|
|
msgstr "`no_std`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7
|
|
msgid "`core`"
|
|
msgstr "`core`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1
|
|
msgid "`alloc`"
|
|
msgstr "`alloc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17
|
|
msgid "`std`"
|
|
msgstr "`std`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24
|
|
msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`"
|
|
msgstr "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:25
|
|
msgid "`NonZeroU8`..."
|
|
msgstr "`NonZeroU8`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:26
|
|
msgid "`Option`, `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "`Option`, `Result`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:27
|
|
msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..."
|
|
msgstr "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:29
|
|
msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..."
|
|
msgstr "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:30
|
|
msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions"
|
|
msgstr "`NonNull` 및 모든 일반적인 포인터 관련 함수"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:31
|
|
msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`"
|
|
msgstr "`Future` and `async`/`await`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:32
|
|
msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..."
|
|
msgstr "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:33
|
|
msgid "`Duration`"
|
|
msgstr "`Duration`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38
|
|
msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:39
|
|
msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`"
|
|
msgstr "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:40
|
|
msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`"
|
|
msgstr "`String`, `CString`, `format!`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45
|
|
msgid "`Error`"
|
|
msgstr "`Error`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:47
|
|
msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:48
|
|
msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`"
|
|
msgstr "`File` 및 나머지 `fs`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:49
|
|
msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`"
|
|
msgstr "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` 및 나머지 `io`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:50
|
|
msgid "`Path`, `OsString`"
|
|
msgstr "`Path`, `OsString`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:51
|
|
msgid "`net`"
|
|
msgstr "`net`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:52
|
|
msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`"
|
|
msgstr "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:53
|
|
msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`"
|
|
msgstr "`spawn`, `sleep` 및 나머지 `thread`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:54
|
|
msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`"
|
|
msgstr "`SystemTime`, `Instant`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62
|
|
msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG."
|
|
msgstr "`HashMap`은 RNG에 의존합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:63
|
|
msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr "`std`는 `core` 및 `alloc`를 포함합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1
|
|
msgid "A minimal `no_std` program"
|
|
msgstr "최소한의 `no_std` 프로그램"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17
|
|
msgid "This will compile to an empty binary."
|
|
msgstr "이 코드는 빈 바이너리로 컴파일됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:18
|
|
msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std`는 패닉 핸들러를 제공하지만, 우리는 자체적으로 핸들러를 만들어야합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:19
|
|
msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`."
|
|
msgstr "패닉 핸들러는 `panic-halt`와 같은 크레이트를 통해서 만들수도 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to "
|
|
"avoid an error about `eh_personality`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"타겟에 따라 `panic = \"abort\"`로 컴파일해야 할 수 있습니다. 이는 "
|
|
"`eh_personality`에 관한 오류를 방지하기 위함입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to "
|
|
"define your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and "
|
|
"some assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`main` 과 같은 프로그램 진입점이 없습니다. 개발자가 자체적으로 진입점을 정의"
|
|
"해야 합니다. 진입점을 정의하는 작업은, 일반적으로 링커 스크립트와 어셈블리 코"
|
|
"드를 필요로 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`alloc`을 사용하려면 [전역 (힙) 할당자](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/"
|
|
"alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)를 구현해야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate alloc;\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use alloc::string::ToString;\n"
|
|
"use alloc::vec::Vec;\n"
|
|
"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[global_allocator]\n"
|
|
"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn entry() {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called "
|
|
"once.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
|
|
" HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
|
|
" .lock()\n"
|
|
" .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
|
|
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate alloc;\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use alloc::string::ToString;\n"
|
|
"use alloc::vec::Vec;\n"
|
|
"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[global_allocator]\n"
|
|
"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn entry() {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called "
|
|
"once.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
|
|
" HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
|
|
" .lock()\n"
|
|
" .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // 이제 힙 할당이 필요한 작업을 실행할 수 있습니다.\n"
|
|
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy "
|
|
"system allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or "
|
|
"hook into your existing allocator."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`buddy_system_allocator`는 간단한 버디 시스템 할당자를 구현하는 서드 파티 크"
|
|
"레이트입니다. 이 외에도, 다른 크레이트를 사용하거나, 직접 할당자를 만들거나, "
|
|
"이미 존재하는 다른 할당자에 후킹할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. "
|
|
"in this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`LockHeap` 타입의 const 매개변수는 할당자의 최대 크기를 2진수로 표현했을 때"
|
|
"의 자릿수입니다. 즉, 이 경우처럼 32인 경우 최대 2\\*\\*32바이트 크기의 영역"
|
|
"을 다룰 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have "
|
|
"exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in "
|
|
"the top-level binary crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"한 바이너리에서 `alloc`에 의존하는 크레이트가 하나라도 있다면 바이너리 전체에"
|
|
"서 전역 할당자가 반드시 하나 존재해야 합니다. 일반적으로 전역 할당자를 선언하"
|
|
"는 작업은 최상위 바이너리 크레이트에서 이루어집니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` "
|
|
"crate is linked in so we get its panic handler."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`panic_halt` 크레이트가 연결되어 패닉 핸들러를 가져오도록 하려면 `extern "
|
|
"crate panic_halt as _`가 필요합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:47
|
|
msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 예시 코드는 빌드는 되지만, 진입점이 없기 때문에 실행되지는 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for "
|
|
"Cortex M microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"'cortex_m_rt' 크레이트는 Cortex M 마이크로컨트롤러를 초기화 하는 핸들러를 제"
|
|
"공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod interrupts;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod interrupts;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of "
|
|
"abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이제, 주변장치에 액세스하는 방법을 알아보겠습니다. 가장 기계에 가까운 낮은 단"
|
|
"계에서 시작해서 점점 추상화 수준을 올리겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -"
|
|
"> !`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`cortex_m_rt::entry` 매크로는 진입점으로 사용되는 함수가`fn() -> !` 타입(즉, "
|
|
"리턴하지 않는)임을 요구합니다. 만약, 리턴하게 되면, 프로그램 수행 후 리셋 핸"
|
|
"들러로 돌아가게 되는 것인데 이는 말이 되지 않기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:27
|
|
msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
|
|
msgstr "`cargo embed --bin minimal`을 사용하여 예시를 실행합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try "
|
|
"turning on an LED on our micro:bit:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"대부분의 마이크로컨트롤러는 메모리 매핑 IO를 통해 주변기기에 액세스합니다. "
|
|
"micro:bit에서 LED를 켜보겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod interrupts;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::mem::size_of;\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
|
|
"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
|
|
"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n"
|
|
"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n"
|
|
"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// PIN_CNF fields\n"
|
|
"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n"
|
|
"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n"
|
|
"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n"
|
|
"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n"
|
|
"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
|
|
"u32;\n"
|
|
" let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
|
|
"u32;\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
|
|
"SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
|
|
"SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
" let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
" let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n"
|
|
" gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod interrupts;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::mem::size_of;\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// GPIO 포트 0 주변기기 주소입니다.\n"
|
|
"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// GPIO 주변기기 오프셋입니다.\n"
|
|
"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n"
|
|
"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n"
|
|
"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// PIN_CNF 필드입니다.\n"
|
|
"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n"
|
|
"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n"
|
|
"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n"
|
|
"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n"
|
|
"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
|
|
"u32;\n"
|
|
" let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
|
|
"u32;\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
|
|
"SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
|
|
"SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // 핀 28을 low로, 핀 21을 high로 설정하여 LED을 켭니다.\n"
|
|
" let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
" let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
" // 포인터가 유효한 주변기기 컨트롤 레지스터에 관한 것이므로 안전하고\n"
|
|
" // 별칭이 없습니다.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n"
|
|
" gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 "
|
|
"to the first row."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"GPIO 0 핀 21은 LED 매트릭스의 첫 번째 열에 연결되고 핀 28은 첫 번째 행에 연결"
|
|
"됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34
|
|
msgid "Run the example with:"
|
|
msgstr "아래 명령어로 예제 코드를 실행하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin mmio\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin mmio\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1
|
|
msgid "Peripheral Access Crates"
|
|
msgstr "주변기기 액세스 크레이트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust "
|
|
"wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/"
|
|
"pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) 크레이트를 이용하면 메모리 매"
|
|
"핑된 주변장치를 기술하는 [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/"
|
|
"html/index.html) 파일로부터 Rust 래퍼를 생성할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p.P0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
" w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
" w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
" gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n"
|
|
" gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p.P0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
" w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
" w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // 핀 28을 low로, 핀 21을 high로 설정하여 LED를 켭니다.\n"
|
|
" gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n"
|
|
" gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by "
|
|
"silicon vendors which describe the memory map of the device."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"SVD(System View Description) 파일은 일반적으로 실리콘 공급업체에서 제공하는 "
|
|
"XML 파일로, 기기의 메모리 맵을 기술합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, "
|
|
"descriptions, addresses and so on."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"주변기기, 레지스터, 필드, 값으로 구성되며 이름, 설명, 주소 등이 포함됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects "
|
|
"which patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated "
|
|
"crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"SVD 파일에는 버그가 있을 수 있고 불완전하기 때문에, 이러한 문제들을 패치하는 "
|
|
"다양한 프로젝트들이 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:55
|
|
msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things."
|
|
msgstr "`cortex-m-rt`는 무엇보다도 벡터 테이블을 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin "
|
|
"pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`cargo install cargo-binutils`을 실행한 후, `cargo objdump --bin pac -- -d --"
|
|
"no-show-raw-insn`을 실행하여 생성된 바이너리의 내용을 확인할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1
|
|
msgid "HAL crates"
|
|
msgstr "HAL 크레이트들"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
|
|
"implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around "
|
|
"various peripherals. These generally implement traits from [`embedded-hal`]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"다양한 주변 장치에 대한 래퍼를 제공하는 [HAL 크레이트](https://github.com/"
|
|
"rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-implementation-crates)들이 있습니다. "
|
|
"이 크레이트들은 일반적으로 [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/"
|
|
"embedded-hal)의 트레잇을 구현합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n"
|
|
" let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
" col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n"
|
|
" let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
" col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`set_low` 및 `set_high`는 `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` 트레잇의 메서드입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various "
|
|
"STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"다양한 STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR, PIC 마이크로컨트롤러를 비롯한 많"
|
|
"은 Cortex-M 및 RISC-V 기기를 위한 HAL 크레이트가 있습니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin hal\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin hal\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Board support crates"
|
|
msgstr "보드 지원 크레이트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific "
|
|
"board for convenience."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"보드 지원 크레이트들은, 특정 보드를 더 손쉽게 사용할 수 있게 해 주는 더 높은 "
|
|
"수준의 추상화를 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::Board;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::Board;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, "
|
|
"and a bit of initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 경우 보드 지원 크레이트는 좀 더 직관적인 이름들과 적당한 수준의 초기화를 "
|
|
"제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the "
|
|
"microcontroller itself."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 크레이트는 마이크로컨트롤 밖에 있는 (즉, 보드에 설치된) 장치에 대한 드라이"
|
|
"버도 포함할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:32
|
|
msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`microbit-v2`에는 LED 매트릭스를 위한 간단한 드라이버가 포함되어 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin board_support\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin board_support\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1
|
|
msgid "The type state pattern"
|
|
msgstr "타입 상태 패턴"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let pin: P0_01<Disconnected> = gpio0.p0_01;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
" let pin_input: P0_01<Input<Floating>> = pin.into_floating_input();\n"
|
|
" if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" let mut pin_output: P0_01<Output<OpenDrain>> = pin_input\n"
|
|
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
|
|
"Level::Low);\n"
|
|
" pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let _pin2: P0_02<Output<OpenDrain>> = gpio0\n"
|
|
" .p0_02\n"
|
|
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
|
|
"Level::Low);\n"
|
|
" let _pin3: P0_03<Output<PushPull>> = gpio0.p0_03."
|
|
"into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let pin: P0_01<Disconnected> = gpio0.p0_01;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
" let pin_input: P0_01<Input<Floating>> = pin.into_floating_input();\n"
|
|
" if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" let mut pin_output: P0_01<Output<OpenDrain>> = pin_input\n"
|
|
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
|
|
"Level::Low);\n"
|
|
" pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" // pin_input.is_high(); // 오류, 이동했습니다.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let _pin2: P0_02<Output<OpenDrain>> = gpio0\n"
|
|
" .p0_02\n"
|
|
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
|
|
"Level::Low);\n"
|
|
" let _pin3: P0_03<Output<PushPull>> = gpio0.p0_03."
|
|
"into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can "
|
|
"exist. Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"핀은 `Copy` 또는 `Clone`을 구현하지 않으므로 각각 하나의 인스턴스만 존재할 "
|
|
"수 있습니다. 핀을 포트 구조체 밖으로 이동하면 아무도 사용할 수 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you "
|
|
"can’t keep use the old instance afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"핀 구성을 변경하면 이전 핀 인스턴스가 사용되므로 이후에 이전 인스턴스를 계속 "
|
|
"사용할 수 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, "
|
|
"the configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into "
|
|
"the type system, and ensures that you don't try to use a pin in a certain "
|
|
"way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state transitions are "
|
|
"caught at compile time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"값 유형은 현재 상태를 나타냅니다. 예를 들어 이 경우에는 GPIO 핀의 구성 상태입"
|
|
"니다. 이렇게 하면 상태 머신이 유형 시스템으로 인코딩되며, 먼저 올바르게 구성"
|
|
"한 후 특정 방식으로 핀을 사용하도록 합니다. 잘못된 상태 전환은 컴파일 시간에 "
|
|
"포착됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but "
|
|
"not vice-versa."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"입력 핀에서 `is_high`를 호출하고 출력 핀에서 `set_high`를 호출할 수 있지만 "
|
|
"그 반대로는 안 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:41
|
|
msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern."
|
|
msgstr "많은 HAL 크레이트들이 이 패턴을 따릅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1
|
|
msgid "`embedded-hal`"
|
|
msgstr "`embedded-hal`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a "
|
|
"number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) 크레이트는 다양한 마"
|
|
"이크로컨트롤러에서 공통적으로 찾아볼 수 있는 주변기기를 추상회 하는 다양한 트"
|
|
"레잇을 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6
|
|
msgid "GPIO"
|
|
msgstr "GPIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:7
|
|
msgid "ADC"
|
|
msgstr "ADC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:8
|
|
msgid "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN"
|
|
msgstr "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:9
|
|
msgid "RNG"
|
|
msgstr "RNG"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:10
|
|
msgid "Timers"
|
|
msgstr "타이머"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:11
|
|
msgid "Watchdogs"
|
|
msgstr "워치독"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/"
|
|
"awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an "
|
|
"accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"그러면 다른 크레이트는 이 트레잇들을 활용하여 [드라이버](https://github.com/"
|
|
"rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates)를 구현합니다. 예를 들어 가"
|
|
"속도계 드라이버를 구현할 떄 I2C 또는 SPI 버스 구현을 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other "
|
|
"platforms such as Linux on Raspberry Pi."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"라스베리 파이에서 돌아가는 리눅스 같은 플랫폼 뿐만 아니라 다른 여러 마이크로"
|
|
"컨트롤러에 대한 구현이 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it "
|
|
"isn't stable yet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`embedded-hal`의 'async' 버전에 관한 작업이 진행 중이지만 아직 안정적이지 않"
|
|
"습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1
|
|
msgid "`probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`"
|
|
msgstr "`probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, "
|
|
"like OpenOCD but better integrated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/)는 임베디드 시스템을 위한 도구 모임입니다. "
|
|
"OpenOCD와 비슷하지만, Rust에 더 잘 통합되어 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6
|
|
msgid "SWD"
|
|
msgstr "SWD"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6
|
|
msgid " and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes"
|
|
msgstr " 및 JTAG(CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link, J-Link 프로브를 통함)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7
|
|
msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft "
|
|
msgstr "GDB 스텁 및 Microsoft "
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7
|
|
msgid "DAP"
|
|
msgstr "DAP"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7
|
|
msgid " server"
|
|
msgstr " 서버"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:8
|
|
msgid "Cargo integration"
|
|
msgstr "Cargo에 통합됨"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10
|
|
msgid "`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`cargo-embed`는 cargo의 서브 커맨트로써, 바이너리를 빌드하고 플래시하며, "
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11
|
|
msgid "RTT"
|
|
msgstr "RTT"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed.toml` file in your "
|
|
"project directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" 출력을 기록하고, GDB를 연결해 줍니다. 이 명령어의 세부 동작은 프로젝트 디렉"
|
|
"터리의 `Embed.toml` 파일을 통해 설정합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is "
|
|
"an Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the "
|
|
"CoreSight Debug Access Port of various Arm Cortex processors. It's what the "
|
|
"on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html)는 Arm"
|
|
"에서 정의한 프로토콜로, USB를 통해 Arm Cortex 프로세서의 CoreSight 디버그 액"
|
|
"세스 포트에 접근할 수 있게 해 줍니다. BBC micro:bit에 있는 온보드 디버거도 "
|
|
"이 프로토콜을 지원합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link "
|
|
"is a range from SEGGER."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"ST-Link는 ST Microelectronics사에서 만든 in-circuit 디버거들이며, J-Link는 "
|
|
"SEGGER사의 in-circuit 디버거들입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin "
|
|
"Serial Wire Debug."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"디버그 액세스 포트의 물리적인 구성은 일반적으로 5핀 JTAG 인터페이스 혹은, 2"
|
|
"핀 Serial Wire Debug 인터페이스 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you "
|
|
"want to."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"probe-rs는 라이브러리로 구현되어 있어서, 다른 도구들에 통합되기가 쉽습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-"
|
|
"adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any "
|
|
"supported microcontroller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Microsoft 디버그 어댑터 프로토콜](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-adapter-"
|
|
"protocol/)을 사용하면 VSCode나 다른 IDE 상에서 마이크로컨트롤러에서 수행중인 "
|
|
"코드를 디버깅 할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:25
|
|
msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library."
|
|
msgstr "cargo-embed는 probe-rs 라이브러리를 사용하여 빌드된 바이너리입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug "
|
|
"host and the target through a number of ringbuffers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"RTT(Real Time Transfers)는 여러 링 버퍼를 통해 디버그 호스트와 타겟 간에 데이"
|
|
"터를 전송하는 메커니즘입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3
|
|
msgid "Embed.toml:"
|
|
msgstr "Embed.toml:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[default.general]\n"
|
|
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.gdb]\n"
|
|
"enabled = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[default.general]\n"
|
|
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.gdb]\n"
|
|
"enabled = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13
|
|
msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
|
|
msgstr "`src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/` 아래 하나의 터미널에서:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:"
|
|
msgstr "다른 터미널을 띄워서 서비스가 잘 수행되고 있는지 확인합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-"
|
|
"command=\"target remote :1337\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-"
|
|
"command=\"target remote :1337\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27
|
|
msgid "In GDB, try running:"
|
|
msgstr "GDB에서 다음을 실행해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gdb\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```gdb\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1
|
|
msgid "Other projects"
|
|
msgstr "다른 프로젝트"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3
|
|
msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)"
|
|
msgstr "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:4
|
|
msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\"실시간 인터럽트 기반 동시 실행(Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency)\""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue"
|
|
msgstr "공유 리소스 관리, 메시지 전달, 태스크 스케줄링, 타이머 대기열 지원"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)"
|
|
msgstr "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:7
|
|
msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB"
|
|
msgstr "우선순위, 타이머, 네트워킹, USB가 포함된 `async` 실행자"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:8
|
|
msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)"
|
|
msgstr "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit "
|
|
"support"
|
|
msgstr "선점형 스케줄링 및 MMU를 지원하는, 보안에 중점을 둔 실시간 운영체제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:10
|
|
msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)"
|
|
msgstr "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, "
|
|
"unprivileged drivers, IPC"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Oxide Computer Company에서 만든 마이크로커널 기반 실시간 운영체제로, 메모리 "
|
|
"보호, 권한이 없이 수행되는 드라이버 등을 지원함."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:12
|
|
msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)"
|
|
msgstr "[FreeRTOS용 바인딩](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs."
|
|
"github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std`가 구현된 플랫폼도 있습니다(예: [esp-idf](https://esp-rs.github.io/book/"
|
|
"overview/using-the-standard-library.html))."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18
|
|
msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"RTIC는 실시간 운영체제로 볼 수도 있고, 동시성 지원을 위한 프레임워크로 볼 수"
|
|
"도 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:19
|
|
msgid "It doesn't include any HALs."
|
|
msgstr "HAL을 포함하지는 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for "
|
|
"scheduling rather than a proper kernel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"스케줄링은 커널이 아니라 Cortex-M NVIC(Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller)"
|
|
"로 구현이 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:22
|
|
msgid "Cortex-M only."
|
|
msgstr "Cortex-M 전용입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Google에서는 Titan 보안 키에 사용되는 Haven 마이크로컨트롤러에서 TockOS를 사"
|
|
"용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing "
|
|
"applications."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"FreeRTOS는 대부분 C로 작성되지만, 애플리케이션을 Rust로 작성할 수 있도록 해 "
|
|
"주는 Rust 바인딩이 제공됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
|
|
"serial port."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
|
|
"serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or "
|
|
"use the buttons somehow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6
|
|
msgid "Hints:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/"
|
|
"latest/lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/"
|
|
"microbit/) crates, as well as the [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit."
|
|
"org/hardware/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::"
|
|
"blocking::i2c::WriteRead` trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/"
|
|
"struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi."
|
|
"com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for "
|
|
"this exercise."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
|
|
"look in the `compass` directory for the following files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`src/main.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
|
|
" board.UARTE0,\n"
|
|
" board.uart.into(),\n"
|
|
" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
|
|
" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
" // TODO\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
" // TODO\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:385
|
|
msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[workspace]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"compass\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n"
|
|
"embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n"
|
|
"lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n"
|
|
"microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:85
|
|
msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:89
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[default.general]\n"
|
|
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.gdb]\n"
|
|
"enabled = true\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.reset]\n"
|
|
"halt_afterwards = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[default.general]\n"
|
|
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.gdb]\n"
|
|
"enabled = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:100 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:985
|
|
msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:104
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[build]\n"
|
|
"target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n"
|
|
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:112
|
|
msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:114
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:118
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:120
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:124
|
|
msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1
|
|
msgid "Application processors"
|
|
msgstr "애플리케이션 프로세서"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. "
|
|
"Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work "
|
|
"with QEMU's aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/"
|
|
"virt.html) board."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"지금까지 Arm Cortex-M 시리즈와 같은 마이크로컨트롤러에 관해 알아봤습니다. 이"
|
|
"제 애플리케이션 프로세서인 Cortex-A를 위한 코드를 작성해 보겠습니다. 편의상 "
|
|
"QEMU의 aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/virt."
|
|
"html) 보드를 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of "
|
|
"privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application "
|
|
"processors do."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"일반적으로 마이크로컨트롤러에는 MMU 또는 다중 레벨 권한(Arm CPU에서는 익셉션 "
|
|
"레벨(exception level), x86에서는 링(ring))이 없습니다. 애플리케이션 프로세서"
|
|
"는 이들을 가지고 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each "
|
|
"architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real "
|
|
"hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"QEMU는 아키텍처별로 다양한 머신 또는 보드 모델을 에뮬레이션할 수 있습니다. "
|
|
"'virt' 보드는 특정 실제 하드웨어를 에뮬레이션 하지 않으며, 가상 머신용으로만 "
|
|
"설계되었습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"entry:\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable "
|
|
"MMU and\n"
|
|
" * caches.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" adrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
" msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
" msr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
" /* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
" mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
" bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" msr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate "
|
|
"any\n"
|
|
" * potentially stale local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
" tlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
" ic iallu\n"
|
|
" dsb nsh\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
" * has completed.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" msr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
|
|
" mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
" orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
" msr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
|
|
" adr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
" adr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0: cmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
" b.hs 1f\n"
|
|
" stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
" b 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1: /* Prepare the stack. */\n"
|
|
" adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
" mov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Set up exception vector. */\n"
|
|
" adr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
" msr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Call into Rust code. */\n"
|
|
" bl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
|
|
"2: wfi\n"
|
|
" b 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:77
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, "
|
|
"zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:79
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the "
|
|
"object file which containing statically allocated variables which are "
|
|
"initialised to zero. They are omitted from the image, to avoid wasting space "
|
|
"on zeroes. The compiler assumes that the loader will take care of zeroing "
|
|
"them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:83
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and "
|
|
"the image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:85
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If "
|
|
"we don't:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:86
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-"
|
|
"unknown-none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler "
|
|
"generating unaligned accesses, so it should be fine in this case, but this "
|
|
"is not necessarily the case in general."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:89
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
|
|
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
|
|
"while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
|
|
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
|
|
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache "
|
|
"is cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, "
|
|
"not VA or IPA.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:94
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which "
|
|
"identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB "
|
|
"for DRAM, and another 1 GiB higher up for more devices. This matches the "
|
|
"memory layout that QEMU uses."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:97
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about "
|
|
"later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:98
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 "
|
|
"(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to "
|
|
"modify `entry.S` accordingly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1
|
|
msgid "Inline assembly"
|
|
msgstr "인라인 어셈블리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with "
|
|
"Rust code. For example, to make an "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"가끔 Rust 코드로는 구현이 불가능한 작업들이 있으며, 이 경우 어셈블리를 사용해"
|
|
"야 합니다. 예를 들어 펌웨어를 향해서 시스템 전원을 끄라고 "
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4
|
|
msgid "HVC"
|
|
msgstr "HVC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:4
|
|
msgid " to tell the firmware to power off the system:"
|
|
msgstr "를 호출하는 방법은 다음과 같습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::arch::asm;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
|
|
" // anything with memory.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" options(nomem, nostack)\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::arch::asm;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
|
|
" // anything with memory.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" options(nomem, nostack)\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/"
|
|
"smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"실제로 이를 실행하려면 이러한 모든 함수를 위한 래퍼가 포함된 [`smccc`]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/crates/smccc) 크레이트를 사용하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of "
|
|
"functions to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is "
|
|
"implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"PSCI (Power State Coordination Interface)는 시스템 및 CPU 전원 상태를 관리하"
|
|
"는 Arm의 표준 인터페이스입니다. 이 인터페이스는 EL3 펌웨어와 하이퍼바이저에 "
|
|
"의해 구현됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the "
|
|
"inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use "
|
|
"`inout` rather than `in` because the call could potentially clobber the "
|
|
"contents of the registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`0 => _` 문법은 인라인 어셈블리 코드를 실행하기 전에 레지스터를 0으로 초기화"
|
|
"하고 그 후에는 그 레지스터의 값을 무시함을 의미합니다. 호출 시 레지스터의 값"
|
|
"이 덮어 써질 수 있으므로 `in` 대신 `inout`을 사용해야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because "
|
|
"it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 `main` 함수는 `#[no_mangle]` 및 `extern \"C\"`여야 합니다. 왜냐하면 이 함"
|
|
"수는 Rust 코드가 아닌, 어셈블러로 작성된 `entry.S`에서 호출되기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally "
|
|
"used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. "
|
|
"According to the standard aarch64 calling convention (which is what `extern "
|
|
"\"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the first 8 "
|
|
"arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything "
|
|
"special except make sure it doesn't change these registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`_x0`–`_x3`는 `x0`에서 `x3` 레지스터들의 값입니다. 이 레지스터들은 일반적으"
|
|
"로 부트로더에서 디바이스 트리에 대한 포인터 등을 전달할 때 사용됩니다. 표준 "
|
|
"aarch64 호출 규약(`extern \"C\"`에서 사용하도록 지정)에 따라 레지스터 `x0`에"
|
|
"서 `x7`이 함수에 전달된 처음 8개 인수에 사용되므로 `entry.S`는 이러한 레지스"
|
|
"터를 변경하지 않는지 확인하는 것 외에는 특별히 할 작업이 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`src/bare-metal/aps/examples`에서 `make qemu_psci`를 사용하여 QEMU에서 예시"
|
|
"를 실행합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1
|
|
msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "MMIO를 위한 휘발성(volatile) 메모리 액세스"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3
|
|
msgid "Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`."
|
|
msgstr "`pointer::read_volatile` 및 `pointer::write_volatile`을 사용하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:4
|
|
msgid "Never hold a reference."
|
|
msgstr "참조를 유지하지 마세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate "
|
|
"reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`addr_of!`를 사용하면 임시 용도의 참조를 만들지 않고도 구조체 필드를 가져올 "
|
|
"수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent "
|
|
"the compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"휘발성(volatile) 액세스: 읽기 또는 쓰기 작업이 부수 효과(side effect)를 동반"
|
|
"할 수 있기 때문에 컴파일러나 하드웨어가 임의로 이를 읽기 쓰기 작업의 순서를 "
|
|
"바꾸거나, 중복해서 수행하거나 또는 제거하지 못하게 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the "
|
|
"compiler may assume that the value read is the same as the value just "
|
|
"written, and not bother actually reading memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"일반적으로 쓰고 난 후 읽으면(예: 변경 가능한 참조를 통해) 컴파일러는 읽은 값"
|
|
"이 방금 쓴 값과 동일하다고 가정하고 실제로 메모리를 읽지 않을 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but "
|
|
"this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to "
|
|
"dereference it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"하드웨어에 대한 휘발성 액세스를 위한 일부 기존 크레이트는 참조를 유지하지만 "
|
|
"이는 올바른 것이 아닙니다. 참조가 있을 때마다 컴파일러는 이를 역참조하도록 선"
|
|
"택할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the "
|
|
"struct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`addr_of!` 매크로를 사용하여 구조체 포인터에서 구조체 필드 포인터를 가져옵니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1
|
|
msgid "Let's write a UART driver"
|
|
msgstr "UART 드라이버 작성"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"QEMU의 'virt' 보드에는 [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/documentation/"
|
|
"ddi0183/g) UART가 있으므로 이를 위한 드라이버를 작성해 보겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n"
|
|
"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" base_address: *mut u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { base_address }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)."
|
|
"read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n"
|
|
"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// PL011 UART용 최소 드라이버입니다.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" base_address: *mut u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { base_address }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// UART에 한 바이트를 씁니다.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // `base_address`가 PL011의 컨트롤 레지스터가 매핑된 주소를 가리키"
|
|
"고\n"
|
|
" // 있으므로 안전합니다.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // UART가 더 이상 사용 중이 아닐 때까지 기다립니다.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)."
|
|
"read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is "
|
|
"because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety "
|
|
"requirements are met (i.e. that there is only ever one instance of the "
|
|
"driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space), then "
|
|
"it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the "
|
|
"necessary preconditions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Uart::new`는 안전하지 않지만(usafe), 그 외 다른 메서드들은 안전한(safe) 점"
|
|
"에 주목하세요.다른 메서드들이 안전할 수 있는 이유는, `Uart::new`의 안전 요구"
|
|
"사항(즉, 지정된 UART의 드라이버 인스턴스가 하나만 있으며 주소 공간에 별칭을 "
|
|
"지정하는 다른 항목이 없음) 이 만족되기만 하면 `write_byte`와 같은 함수를 안전"
|
|
"하게 호출하는데 있어서 필요한 모든 전제조건이 만족되기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but "
|
|
"`write_byte` unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every "
|
|
"place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"반대 방법으로도 실행할 수 있지만(`new`를 안전하게 만들고 `write_byte`를 안전"
|
|
"하지 않게 만듦) 이는 `write_byte`를 호출하는 모든 위치에서 안전성에 관해 추론"
|
|
"해야 하므로 사용 편의성이 훨씬 떨어집니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving "
|
|
"the burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller "
|
|
"number of places."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이는 안전하지 않은 코드의 안전한 래퍼를 작성하는 일반적인 패턴입니다. 안전에 "
|
|
"관한 증명 부담을 여러 많은 위치에서 소수의 위치로 옮기는 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More traits"
|
|
msgstr "트레잇(Trait)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more "
|
|
"traits too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
|
|
" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
|
|
" self.write_byte(*c);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our "
|
|
"`Uart` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1
|
|
msgid "A better UART driver"
|
|
msgstr "더 나은 UART 드라이버"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding "
|
|
"offsets to construct pointers to access them is error-prone and hard to "
|
|
"read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to access in a "
|
|
"structured way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"PL011에는 실제로 [훨씬 더 많은 레지스터](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers)가 있으며, 이"
|
|
"에 액세스할 포인터를 구성하기 위해 오프셋을 추가하면 오류가 발생하기 쉽고 읽"
|
|
"기 어렵습니다. 또한 그중 일부는 구조화된 방식으로 액세스할 수 있는 비트 필드"
|
|
"입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
|
|
msgid "Offset"
|
|
msgstr "오프셋"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
|
|
msgid "Register name"
|
|
msgstr "레지스터 이름"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
|
|
msgid "Width"
|
|
msgstr "너비"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
|
|
msgid "0x00"
|
|
msgstr "0x00"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
|
|
msgid "DR"
|
|
msgstr "DR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
|
|
msgid "12"
|
|
msgstr "12"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
|
|
msgid "0x04"
|
|
msgstr "0x04"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
|
|
msgid "RSR"
|
|
msgstr "RSR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
|
|
msgid "4"
|
|
msgstr "4"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
|
|
msgid "0x18"
|
|
msgstr "0x18"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
|
|
msgid "FR"
|
|
msgstr "FR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
|
|
msgid "9"
|
|
msgstr "9"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12
|
|
msgid "0x20"
|
|
msgstr "0x20"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12
|
|
msgid "ILPR"
|
|
msgstr "ILPR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
|
|
msgid "8"
|
|
msgstr "8"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13
|
|
msgid "0x24"
|
|
msgstr "0x24"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13
|
|
msgid "IBRD"
|
|
msgstr "IBRD"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
|
|
msgid "16"
|
|
msgstr "16"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14
|
|
msgid "0x28"
|
|
msgstr "0x28"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14
|
|
msgid "FBRD"
|
|
msgstr "FBRD"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
|
|
msgid "6"
|
|
msgstr "6"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
|
|
msgid "0x2c"
|
|
msgstr "0x2c"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
|
|
msgid "LCR_H"
|
|
msgstr "LCR_H"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
|
|
msgid "0x30"
|
|
msgstr "0x30"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
|
|
msgid "CR"
|
|
msgstr "CR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
|
|
msgid "0x34"
|
|
msgstr "0x34"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
|
|
msgid "IFLS"
|
|
msgstr "IFLS"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18
|
|
msgid "0x38"
|
|
msgstr "0x38"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18
|
|
msgid "IMSC"
|
|
msgstr "IMSC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
|
|
msgid "11"
|
|
msgstr "11"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
|
|
msgid "0x3c"
|
|
msgstr "0x3c"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
|
|
msgid "RIS"
|
|
msgstr "RIS"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20
|
|
msgid "0x40"
|
|
msgstr "0x40"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20
|
|
msgid "MIS"
|
|
msgstr "MIS"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
|
|
msgid "0x44"
|
|
msgstr "0x44"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
|
|
msgid "ICR"
|
|
msgstr "ICR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
|
|
msgid "0x48"
|
|
msgstr "0x48"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
|
|
msgid "DMACR"
|
|
msgstr "DMACR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
|
|
msgid "3"
|
|
msgstr "3"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26
|
|
msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity."
|
|
msgstr "간결성을 위해 일부 ID 레지스터는 생략되었습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for "
|
|
"working with bitflags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"bitflags! {\n"
|
|
" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
" struct Flags: u16 {\n"
|
|
" /// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
" /// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
" /// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
|
|
" /// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
" const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along "
|
|
"with a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Multiple registers"
|
|
msgstr "더 많은 레지스터"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
"struct Registers {\n"
|
|
" dr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
|
|
" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
|
|
" fr: Flags,\n"
|
|
" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
|
|
" ilpr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ibrd: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" fbrd: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" lcr_h: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" cr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ifls: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" imsc: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" ris: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" mis: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" icr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" dmacr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
|
|
"representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, "
|
|
"following the same rules as C. This is necessary for our struct to have a "
|
|
"predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the compiler to "
|
|
"(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3
|
|
msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been "
|
|
"received.\n"
|
|
" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
|
|
" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
|
|
" None\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
|
|
"read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
" Some(data as u8)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n"
|
|
"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// PL011 UART용 최소 드라이버입니다.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" base_address: *mut u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { base_address }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// UART에 한 바이트를 씁니다.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // `base_address`가 PL011의 컨트롤 레지스터가 매핑된 주소를 가리키"
|
|
"고\n"
|
|
" // 있으므로 안전합니다.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // UART가 더 이상 사용 중이 아닐 때까지 기다립니다.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)."
|
|
"read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual "
|
|
"fields without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Using it"
|
|
msgstr "Bindgen 사용하기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, "
|
|
"and echo incoming bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::error;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
"device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" if let Some(byte) = uart.read_byte() {\n"
|
|
" uart.write_byte(byte);\n"
|
|
" match byte {\n"
|
|
" b'\\r' => {\n"
|
|
" uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" b'q' => break,\n"
|
|
" _ => {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` "
|
|
"function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker "
|
|
"notes there for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the "
|
|
"`Log` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`log`](https://crates.io/crates/log) 크레이트의 로깅 매크로를 사용할 수 있으"
|
|
"면 좋습니다. 이는 `Log` 트레잇을 구현하면 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
" record.level(),\n"
|
|
" record.args()\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
|
|
"SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
" record.level(),\n"
|
|
" record.args()\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// UART 로거를 초기화합니다.\n"
|
|
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
|
|
"SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling "
|
|
"`set_logger`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`log`함수 안에서 `unwrap`하는 것은 괜찮습니다.. 왜냐하면 `set_logger`를 호출"
|
|
"하기 전에 `LOGGER`를 초기화하기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3
|
|
msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod logger;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
"device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46
|
|
msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of "
|
|
"exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with "
|
|
"SP0, current EL with SPx, lower EL using AArch64, lower EL using AArch32). "
|
|
"We implement this in assembly to save volatile registers to the stack before "
|
|
"calling into Rust code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use log::error;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"irq_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"serr_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:64
|
|
msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:65
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current "
|
|
"EL exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:67
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't "
|
|
"expect any of them to actually happen."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:69
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or "
|
|
"less like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync."
|
|
"md) will control what we can share between them, just like with threads. For "
|
|
"example, if we want to share some value between exception handlers and the "
|
|
"rest of the program, and it's `Send` but not `Sync`, then we'll need to wrap "
|
|
"it in something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)"
|
|
msgstr "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:4
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"coreboot without the C\""
|
|
msgstr "\"C가 없는 coreboot\""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V."
|
|
msgstr "x86, aarch64, RISC-V를 지원합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself."
|
|
msgstr "자체적으로 여러 드라이버를 보유하는 대신 LinuxBoot에 의존합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-"
|
|
"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-"
|
|
"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, "
|
|
"exception handling, page tables"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"초기화, UART 드라이버, 간단한 부트로더, JTAG, 예외 수준, 예외 처리, 페이지 테"
|
|
"이블"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not "
|
|
"necessarily a good example to copy for production code."
|
|
msgstr "잘 작성되지 않은 것도 있으므로 주의하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)"
|
|
msgstr "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage."
|
|
msgstr "최대 스택 사용량을 결정하는 정적 분석"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are "
|
|
"enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Without the MMU and cache, unaligned accesses will fault. It builds with "
|
|
"`aarch64-unknown-none` which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler "
|
|
"generating unaligned accesses so it should be alright, but this is not "
|
|
"necessarily the case in general."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
|
|
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
|
|
"while the host has cachable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
|
|
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
|
|
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost. Again this is "
|
|
"alright in this particular case (running directly on the hardware with no "
|
|
"hypervisor), but isn't a good pattern in general."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal "
|
|
"programming."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"bare-metal 프로그래밍의 몇 가지 일반적인 문제를 해결하는 크레이트를 살펴봅니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1
|
|
msgid "`zerocopy`"
|
|
msgstr "`zerocopy`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides "
|
|
"traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other "
|
|
"types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fuchsia팀이 만든 [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) 크레이트는 바이트 시"
|
|
"퀀스를 다른 타입으로 안전하게 변환하기 위한 트레잇 및 매크로를 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(u32)]\n"
|
|
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"enum RequestType {\n"
|
|
" #[default]\n"
|
|
" In = 0,\n"
|
|
" Out = 1,\n"
|
|
" Flush = 4,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
|
|
" request_type: RequestType,\n"
|
|
" reserved: u32,\n"
|
|
" sector: u64,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
|
|
" request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n"
|
|
" sector: 42,\n"
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" request.as_bytes(),\n"
|
|
" &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(u32)]\n"
|
|
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"enum RequestType {\n"
|
|
" #[default]\n"
|
|
" In = 0,\n"
|
|
" Out = 1,\n"
|
|
" Flush = 4,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
|
|
" request_type: RequestType,\n"
|
|
" reserved: u32,\n"
|
|
" sector: u64,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
|
|
" request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n"
|
|
" sector: 42,\n"
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" request.as_bytes(),\n"
|
|
" &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), "
|
|
"but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by "
|
|
"DMA, or sent over some external interface."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 크레이트는 휘발성(volatile) 읽기 및 쓰기를 사용하지 않으므로 MMIO에 적합하"
|
|
"지 않지만, 하드웨어와 공유되거나(예: DMA에서) 외장 인터페이스를 통해 전송되"
|
|
"는 구조체를 다루는 데에는 유용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is "
|
|
"valid, and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"어떤 타입이 가능한 모든 바이트 패턴들에 대해 올바른 값을 가질 때에만 , 그 타"
|
|
"입이 `FromBytes`를 구현할 수 있습니다. 그렇게 해서 신뢰할 수 없는 바이트 시퀀"
|
|
"스를 안전하게 해당 타입으로 변환할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because "
|
|
"`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not "
|
|
"all byte patterns are valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 코드에서 정의한 타입에 대해 `FromBytes`를 구현하려고 하면 에러가 발생합니"
|
|
"다. `RequestType`은 가능한 모든 u32 값을 식별자로 받아들이지 않기 때문입니"
|
|
"다. 즉 모든 바이트 패턴이 유효한 `RequestType`값은 아닙니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`zerocopy::byteorder`에는 바이트 오더에 따른 서로 다른 표현 방식을 지원하는 "
|
|
"숫자 타입을 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
|
|
"zerocopy-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate "
|
|
"dependency.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy-example/`에서 `cargo run`을 사용하여 "
|
|
"예시를 실행합니다(종속성 문제로 인해 플레이그라운드에서는 실행되지 않습니다)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1
|
|
msgid "`aarch64-paging`"
|
|
msgstr "`aarch64-paging`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets "
|
|
"you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System "
|
|
"Architecture."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) 크레이트를 사용하"
|
|
"면 AArch64 가상 메모리 시스템 아키텍처에 따라 페이지 테이블을 만들 수 있습니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use aarch64_paging::{\n"
|
|
" idmap::IdMap,\n"
|
|
" paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const ASID: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
|
|
"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n"
|
|
"// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
|
|
"idmap.map_range(\n"
|
|
" &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n"
|
|
" Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n"
|
|
").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
|
|
"idmap.activate();\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use aarch64_paging::{\n"
|
|
" idmap::IdMap,\n"
|
|
" paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const ASID: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// 상동(identity) 매핑으로 새로운 페이지 테이블을 만듭니다.\n"
|
|
"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n"
|
|
"// 2MiB 메모리 영역을 읽기 전용으로 매핑합니다.\n"
|
|
"idmap.map_range(\n"
|
|
" &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n"
|
|
" Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n"
|
|
").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"// 페이지 테이블을 활성화하도록 `TTBR0_EL1`을 설정합니다.\n"
|
|
"idmap.activate();\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should "
|
|
"be straightforward to add."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"현재는 EL1만 지원하지만 다른 익셉션 레벨(Exception Level: EL)도 어렵지 않게 "
|
|
"추가할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android."
|
|
"com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/"
|
|
"pvmfw/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Android에서 [보호된 VM 펌웨어](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/"
|
|
"superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/pvmfw/)에 사용됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware "
|
|
"or under QEMU."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 예시를 간단하게 실행하는 방법은 없습니다. 실제 하드웨어 또는 QEMU에서 실행"
|
|
"해야 하기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1
|
|
msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`"
|
|
msgstr "`buddy_system_allocator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) "
|
|
"is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can "
|
|
"be used both for [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/"
|
|
"buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) implementing [`GlobalAlloc`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html) so you can use "
|
|
"the standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before](../alloc.md)), or for "
|
|
"allocating other address space. For example, we might want to allocate MMIO "
|
|
"space for PCI BARs:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator)"
|
|
"는 버디 시스템 할당자를 구현하는 서드 파티 크레이트입니다. 이 크레이트의 "
|
|
"[`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/"
|
|
"buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html)은 [`GlobalAlloc`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)를 구현합니다. 따라서 여러분"
|
|
"은 버디 시스템 할당자를 'alloc' 크레이트를 통해서 사용할 수 있습니다([이전]"
|
|
"(../alloc.md)에 확인함). 또는 다른 주소 공간을 할당하는 데 사용할 수 있습니"
|
|
"다. 예를 들어 PCI BAR에 MMIO 공간을 할당할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n"
|
|
"use core::alloc::Layout;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
" allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let bar = allocator\n"
|
|
" .alloc_aligned(layout)\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n"
|
|
"use core::alloc::Layout;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
" allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let bar = allocator\n"
|
|
" .alloc_aligned(layout)\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26
|
|
msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size."
|
|
msgstr "PCI BAR는 BAR영역의 크기에 맞추어 정렬됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
|
|
"allocator-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate "
|
|
"dependency.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`src/bare-metal/useful-crates/allocator-example/`에서 `cargo run`을 사용하여 "
|
|
"예시를 실행합니다(종속성 문제로 인해 플레이그라운드에서는 실행되지 않습니다)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1
|
|
msgid "`tinyvec`"
|
|
msgstr "`tinyvec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without "
|
|
"heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides "
|
|
"this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically "
|
|
"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used "
|
|
"and panics if you try to use more than are allocated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"힙에 메모리 할당하지 않고 크기 조절이 가능한 컨테이너(예: `Vec` 같은)가 필요"
|
|
"할 때가 있습니다. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec)을 사용하면 됩"
|
|
"니다. `tinyvec`에서 벡터는 배열 또는 슬라이스로부터 생성이 되며, 이들은 정적"
|
|
"으로 할당되었거나 스택에 할당되어 있을 수 있습니다.`tinyvec`은 현재 벡터 안"
|
|
"에 얼마나 많은 엘리먼트들이 존재하는 지를 추적하고 있으며, 할당된 양보다 더 "
|
|
"많이 사용하려고 하면 패닉을 발생시킵니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
" numbers.push(7);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
" numbers.remove(1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
" numbers.push(7);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
" numbers.remove(1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for "
|
|
"initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`tinyvec`를 사용하려면 엘리먼트의 타입이 `Default`를 통해 초기화 될 수 있어"
|
|
"야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust 플레이그라운드에는 `tinyvec`가 포함되어 있으므로 이 예시는 인라인으로 실"
|
|
"행됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`spin`"
|
|
msgstr "회전"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` "
|
|
"are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or "
|
|
"interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std::sync::Mutex` 및 `std::sync`의 기타 동기화 프리미티브는 `core` 또는 "
|
|
"`alloc`에서 사용할 수 없습니다. 그러면 어떻게 동기화 또는 interior mutability"
|
|
"와 같은 기능이 필요할 경우 어떻게 해야 할까요? "
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based "
|
|
"equivalents of many of these primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) 크레이트는 이러한 동기화 프리미티브들"
|
|
"을 스핀록으로 구현하고 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static counter: SpinMutex<u32> = SpinMutex::new(0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
|
|
" *counter.lock() += 2;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static counter: SpinMutex<u32> = SpinMutex::new(0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
|
|
" *counter.lock() += 2;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23
|
|
msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"인터럽트 핸들러에서 락을 걸 경우, 교착 상태가 발생하지 않도록 주의하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, "
|
|
"`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`spin`에는 티켓 잠금 뮤텍스 구현도 있습니다. `std::sync`의 `RwLock`, "
|
|
"`Barrier`, `Once` 에 해당하는 것들이 제공되며, 지연된 초기화를 위한 `Lazy`"
|
|
"에 해당하는 것도 제공됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some "
|
|
"useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to "
|
|
"`spin::once::Once`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) 크레이트에는 지연된 초기화"
|
|
"를 위한 몇 가지 유용한 타입이 있는데 `spin::once::Once`와는 약간 다른 접근 방"
|
|
"식을 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust 플레이그라운드에는 `spin`이 포함되어 있으므로 이 예시는 인라인으로 실행"
|
|
"됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a "
|
|
"`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` "
|
|
"with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a `raw_binary` "
|
|
"to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"AOSP에서 bare-metal Rust 바이너리를 빌드하려면 `rust_ffi_static` 을 사용하여 "
|
|
"Rust 코드를 빌드하고, 링커 스크립트가 포함된 `cc_binary`를 사용하여 ELF 바이"
|
|
"너리를 생성하고, `raw_binary`를 사용해 ELF를 곧바로 수행될 수 있는 원시(raw) "
|
|
"바이너리로 변환합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```soong\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi_static {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libvmbase\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"cc_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\n"
|
|
" \"idmap.S\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" linker_scripts: [\n"
|
|
" \"image.ld\",\n"
|
|
" \":vmbase_sections\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"raw_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n"
|
|
" stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n"
|
|
" src: \":vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" enabled: false,\n"
|
|
" target: {\n"
|
|
" android_arm64: {\n"
|
|
" enabled: true,\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```soong\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi_static {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libvmbase\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"cc_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\n"
|
|
" \"idmap.S\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" linker_scripts: [\n"
|
|
" \"image.ld\",\n"
|
|
" \":vmbase_sections\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"raw_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n"
|
|
" stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n"
|
|
" src: \":vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" enabled: false,\n"
|
|
" target: {\n"
|
|
" android_arm64: {\n"
|
|
" enabled: true,\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android."
|
|
"googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/"
|
|
"master/vmbase/) library provides a linker script and useful defaults for the "
|
|
"build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[vmbase](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/"
|
|
"Virtualization/+/refs/heads/master/vmbase/) 라이브러리는, aarch64의 crosvm에"
|
|
"서 실행되는 VM을 타겟하여, 진입점, UART 콘솔 로깅, 링커 스크립트, 빌드 룰 등"
|
|
"에 대한 기본 구현들을 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use vmbase::{main, println};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"main!(main);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello world\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use vmbase::{main, println};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"main!(main);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello world\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` "
|
|
"entry point."
|
|
msgstr "`main!` 매크로는 `vmbase` 진입점에서 호출될 main 함수를 표시합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a "
|
|
"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`vmbase`가 제공하는 진입점은 콘솔을 초기화 하며, main 함수가 리턴하면 "
|
|
"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF 메시지를 PSCI를 통해 보내어서 VM을 종료시킵니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "RTC driver"
|
|
msgstr "RTC 드라이버"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, "
|
|
"you should write a driver for it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"QEMU의 'virt' 보드에는 [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/documentation/"
|
|
"ddi0224/c) UART가 있으므로 이를 위한 드라이버를 작성해 보겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the "
|
|
"[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given "
|
|
"time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by "
|
|
"the RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://"
|
|
"docs.rs/arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:12
|
|
msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::"
|
|
"wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
|
|
"look in the `rtc` directory for the following files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod logger;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
|
|
"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
"device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the "
|
|
"base\n"
|
|
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
|
|
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
|
|
" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, "
|
|
"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" gic.setup();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`src/exceptions.rs` (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of "
|
|
"the exercise):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:79
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, trace};\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" trace!(\"irq_current\");\n"
|
|
" let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No pending "
|
|
"interrupt\");\n"
|
|
" info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"serr_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149
|
|
msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:153
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
" record.level(),\n"
|
|
" record.args()\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
|
|
"SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
" record.level(),\n"
|
|
" record.args()\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// UART 로거를 초기화합니다.\n"
|
|
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
|
|
"SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:210
|
|
msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:214
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
|
|
"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
|
|
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"bitflags! {\n"
|
|
" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
" struct Flags: u16 {\n"
|
|
" /// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
" /// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
" /// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
|
|
" /// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
" const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"bitflags! {\n"
|
|
" /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
" struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n"
|
|
" /// Framing error.\n"
|
|
" const FE = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
" /// Parity error.\n"
|
|
" const PE = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
" /// Break error.\n"
|
|
" const BE = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
" /// Overrun error.\n"
|
|
" const OE = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Registers\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
"struct Registers {\n"
|
|
" dr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
|
|
" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
|
|
" fr: Flags,\n"
|
|
" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
|
|
" ilpr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ibrd: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" fbrd: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" lcr_h: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" cr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ifls: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" imsc: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" ris: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" mis: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" icr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" dmacr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
|
|
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been "
|
|
"received.\n"
|
|
" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
|
|
" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
|
|
" None\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
|
|
"read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
" Some(data as u8)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
|
|
" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
|
|
" self.write_byte(*c);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:389
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[workspace]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"rtc\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"arm-gic = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n"
|
|
"chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n"
|
|
"log = \"0.4.17\"\n"
|
|
"smccc = \"0.1.1\"\n"
|
|
"spin = \"0.9.8\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[build-dependencies]\n"
|
|
"cc = \"1.0.73\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:410
|
|
msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:414
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cc::Build;\n"
|
|
"use std::env;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n"
|
|
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n"
|
|
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Build::new()\n"
|
|
" .file(\"entry.S\")\n"
|
|
" .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n"
|
|
" .file(\"idmap.S\")\n"
|
|
" .compile(\"empty\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:446
|
|
msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:450
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n"
|
|
"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n"
|
|
"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n"
|
|
"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n"
|
|
".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n"
|
|
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n"
|
|
"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation "
|
|
"fault instead. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate "
|
|
"write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cacheable.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate "
|
|
"write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cacheable.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ."
|
|
"L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ."
|
|
"L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n"
|
|
"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n"
|
|
"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n"
|
|
"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n"
|
|
"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << "
|
|
"28) | (0x1 << 29)\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ."
|
|
"L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ."
|
|
"L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations "
|
|
"required to prepare the\n"
|
|
" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using "
|
|
"registers x25 and above,\n"
|
|
" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception "
|
|
"vector. It preserves x0-x3\n"
|
|
" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"entry:\n"
|
|
"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU "
|
|
"and caches. */\n"
|
|
"\tadrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any "
|
|
"potentially stale\n"
|
|
"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\ttlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
"\tic iallu\n"
|
|
"\tdsb nsh\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
|
|
"this has completed.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
"\tb.hs 1f\n"
|
|
"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
"\tb 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
"\tmov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n"
|
|
"\tbl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
|
|
"2:\twfi\n"
|
|
"\tb 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:595
|
|
msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:599
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
|
|
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 "
|
|
"instructions\n"
|
|
" * left.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 "
|
|
"respectively,\n"
|
|
" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent "
|
|
"call.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n"
|
|
"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n"
|
|
"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
|
|
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving "
|
|
"18\n"
|
|
" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n"
|
|
" * instructions to spare.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
|
|
"using\n"
|
|
" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, "
|
|
"doing\n"
|
|
" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n"
|
|
" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can "
|
|
"implement\n"
|
|
" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #1\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #0\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
|
|
"using\n"
|
|
" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores "
|
|
"volatile\n"
|
|
" * registers, then returns.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n"
|
|
" * non-volatile registers.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n"
|
|
" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the "
|
|
"whole\n"
|
|
" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
".balign 0x800\n"
|
|
"vector_table_el1:\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:780
|
|
msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:784
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Access flag. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/* Not global. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner "
|
|
"shareable\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n"
|
|
".global idmap\n"
|
|
".align 12\n"
|
|
"idmap:\n"
|
|
"\t/* level 1 */\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n"
|
|
"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
|
|
"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:829
|
|
msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:833
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```ld\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" * image.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"ENTRY(entry)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"MEMORY\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"SECTIONS\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together the code.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\t.text : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.text.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\ttext_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\t.got : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.got)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\trodata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n"
|
|
"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.data.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n"
|
|
"\t\t * bytes long.\n"
|
|
"\t\t */\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n"
|
|
"\tbin_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n"
|
|
"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(COMMON)\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n"
|
|
"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.interp)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n"
|
|
"\t}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:940
|
|
msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:944
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```makefile\n"
|
|
"# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"#\n"
|
|
"# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"#\n"
|
|
"# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"#\n"
|
|
"# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"# limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n"
|
|
"ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n"
|
|
"\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n"
|
|
"else\n"
|
|
"\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n"
|
|
"endif\n"
|
|
"OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"all: rtc.bin\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"build:\n"
|
|
"\tcargo build\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rtc.bin: build\n"
|
|
"\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"qemu: rtc.bin\n"
|
|
"\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:stdio "
|
|
"-display none -kernel $< -s\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"clean:\n"
|
|
"\tcargo clean\n"
|
|
"\trm -f *.bin\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:989
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[build]\n"
|
|
"target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n"
|
|
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:995
|
|
msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and "
|
|
"channels."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 동시성 지원이 막강합니다. 운영체제 레벨의 스레드를 사용하며, 뮤택스"
|
|
"와 채널도 지원합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs "
|
|
"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since "
|
|
"you can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 타입 시스템은 프로그램에 동시성 버그가 있을 경우, 컴파일 시에 에러"
|
|
"가 발생하도록 해 줍니다. 컴파일러를 이용해서 프로그램이 수행시에 정확히 동작"
|
|
"함을 미리 보장해 주기 때문에, 사람들은 이를 종종 _겁없는 동시성_ 이라고 합니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트의 스레드는 다른 언어의 스레드와 유사하게 동작합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24
|
|
msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"스레드는 모두 데몬 스레드입니다. 따라서 메인 스레드는 이 스레드들이 끝나기를 "
|
|
"기다리지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:25
|
|
msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other."
|
|
msgstr "한 스레드에서 발생한 패닉은 다른 스레드에게 영향을 끼치지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:26
|
|
msgid "Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"패닉은 추가정보(페이로드)를 포함할 수 있으며, 이는 `downcast_ref`로 풀어볼 "
|
|
"수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is "
|
|
"not waiting."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"메인 스레드가 자식 스레드를 기다리지 않기 때문에 자식 스레드의 for문은 10까"
|
|
"지 가지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for "
|
|
"the thread to finish."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"만약 메인 스레드가 자식 스레드가 끝날 때 까지 기다리기를 원한다면 `let "
|
|
"handle = thread::spawn(...)`으로 스레드를 선언한 후 `handle.join()`로 연결하"
|
|
"여 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:38
|
|
msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"자식 스레드에서 발생한 패닉이 메인 스레드에는 영향을 주지 않음을 확인하시기 "
|
|
"바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the "
|
|
"panic payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/any/index.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`handle.join()`사용시 `Result` 반환값을 통해 패닉의 추가정보에 접근할 수 있습"
|
|
"니다. 이 시점에서 [`Any`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html)에 대"
|
|
"해 이야기를 해 보면 좋습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3
|
|
msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:"
|
|
msgstr "보통, 스레드는 스레드 밖에서 데이터를 빌릴 수 없습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn foo() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" foo();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/"
|
|
"fn.scope.html) for this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"하지만, [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html)에"
|
|
"서는 가능합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::scope(|scope| {\n"
|
|
" scope.spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::scope(|scope| {\n"
|
|
" scope.spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all "
|
|
"the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`thread::scope` 함수가 완료되면 그 안에서 생성된 모든 스레드들이 종료했음이 "
|
|
"보장되기 때문에, 그 때 빌렸던 데이터들을 다시 반환할 수 있기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one "
|
|
"thread, or immutably by any number of threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"일반적인 러스트의 빌림 규칙이 적용됩니다: 한 스레드에 의한 가변 빌림 또는 여"
|
|
"러 스레드에 대한 불변 빌림중 하나만 가능합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender<T>` and a `Receiver<T>`. The two "
|
|
"parts are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 채널은 `Sender<T>` 와 `Receiver<T>` 두 부분으로 구성됩니다. 이 둘은 "
|
|
"채널을 통해 서로 연결되어 있지만, 우리는 채널을 볼 수는 없고 이 양 끝단만을 "
|
|
"사용하게 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" tx.send(20).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" tx.send(20).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` "
|
|
"implement `Clone` (so you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does "
|
|
"not."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`mpsc`는 “Multi-Produce, Single-Consumer”를 의미합니다. `Sender`와 "
|
|
"`SyncSender`는 `Clone`을 구현하지만 (즉, 여러개의 producer를 만들수 있습니"
|
|
"다) `Receiver`는 `Clone`을 구현하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the "
|
|
"counterpart `Sender` or `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`send()`와 `recv()`는 `Result`를 반환합니다. 만일 `Err`가 반환된다면, 상대방"
|
|
"의 `Sender`또는 `Receiver`가 삭제되었고 채널이 닫혔다는 뜻입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3
|
|
msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::channel()` 함수는 경계가 없는 비동기 채널을 생성합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With bounded (synchronous) channels, `send` can block the current thread:"
|
|
msgstr "경계가 있는 동기 채널은 `send`가 현제 스레드를 블로킹 하도록 만듭니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Calling `send` will block the current thread until there is space in the "
|
|
"channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there "
|
|
"is nobody who reads from the channel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A call to `send` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) "
|
|
"if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". "
|
|
"Every send will block the current thread until another thread calls `read`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Send` and `Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send`와 `Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in "
|
|
"two traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 어떻게 해서 스레드 간에 특정 데이터 타입이 공유될 수 있거나, 안된다"
|
|
"는 것을 알까요? 정답은 다음 두 트레잇에 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` "
|
|
"is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread boundary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): `T`가 스레드 "
|
|
"간 이동이 안전하다면, `T`의 타입은 `Send`입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` "
|
|
"is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread boundary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): `&T`가 스레"
|
|
"드 간 이동이 안전하다면, `&T`의 타입은 `Sync`입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). The "
|
|
"compiler will automatically derive them for your types as long as they only "
|
|
"contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when "
|
|
"you know it is valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Send`와 `Sync` 트레잇은 [안전하지 않은 트레잇](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md)입"
|
|
"니다. 컴파일러는 타입의 요소들이 모두 `Send`와 `Sync` 타입이면 자동으로 이 트"
|
|
"레잇들을 적용시켜 줍니다. 물론 여러분 스스로 맞다고 알고 있다면 직접 구현해"
|
|
"도 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-"
|
|
"safety properties."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Sync`와 `Send`는 어떤 타입이 특정한 스레드-안전 속성을 가짐을 나타내는 마커"
|
|
"로 생각할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:21
|
|
msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 두 트레이트는 제너릭에서 제약 조건을 나타내는 트레이트로 사용될 수도 있습"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Send`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) "
|
|
"if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`T`가 스레드 간에 안전하게 이동될 수 있다면, `T`의 타입은 `Send`입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will "
|
|
"run in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one "
|
|
"thread and deallocate it in another."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"소유권을 다른 스레드로 이동하면 소멸자가 해당 스레드에서 실행됩니다. 여기서 "
|
|
"의문은 \"언제 한 스레드에서 값을 할당하고 다른 스레드에서 값을 할당 해제할 "
|
|
"수 있는가\" 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from "
|
|
"a single thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"예를 들어 SQLite 라이브러리 연결은 단일 스레드에서만 액세스해야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) "
|
|
"if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple threads at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&T`가 여러 스레드에서 안전하게 접근될 수 있다면, `&T`의 타입은 `Sync`입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6
|
|
msgid "More precisely, the definition is:"
|
|
msgstr "좀 더 정확한 정의는 다음과 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8
|
|
msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`"
|
|
msgstr "`&T`가 `Send`인 경우에만 `T`의 타입이 `Sync`가 됩니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is "
|
|
"thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it "
|
|
"across threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위 문장을 풀어서 이야기 하면, 어떤 타입이 스레드 간에 공유되어서 사용되기에 "
|
|
"안전하다면 그 타입의 참조 타입은 스레드 간에 이동 가능하다는 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across "
|
|
"multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization "
|
|
"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type "
|
|
"is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can "
|
|
"be accessed from any thread safely."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이는 다음과 같이 증명할 수 있습니다: 어떤 타입이 `Sync`라는 말은 곧 그 타입"
|
|
"이 여러 스레드들 사이에서 데이터 레이스나 여타 동기화 문제 없이 공유 가능하다"
|
|
"는 말입니다. 스레드 간 공유가 안전하다면, 스레드간 이동도 안전할 수 밖에 없습"
|
|
"니다. 어떤 타입의 스레드간 이동이 안전하다면, 그 타입의 참조 또한 스레드간 이"
|
|
"동이 안전할 수 밖에 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3
|
|
msgid "`Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send + Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5
|
|
msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:"
|
|
msgstr "여러분이 다루게 될 대부분의 타입은 `Send + Sync`입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7
|
|
msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:8
|
|
msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:9
|
|
msgid "`String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:10
|
|
msgid "`Arc<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count."
|
|
msgstr "`Arc<T>`: 참조 카운트 조작을 아토믹 하기 때문에 스레드 안전함."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:11
|
|
msgid "`Mutex<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex<T>`: 값을 접근하기 위해 뮤택스를 잠궈야 하기 때문에 스레드 안전함."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:12
|
|
msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: 값을 접근할 때 특별한 아토믹 명령어들을 사용합"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are "
|
|
"`Send + Sync`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"제네릭 타입은 일반적으로 타입 파라메터가 `Send + Sync`이면 `Send + Sync` 입니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17
|
|
msgid "`Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send + !Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. "
|
|
"Typically because of interior mutability:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 타입들은 다른 스레드로 이동될 수 있지만 내부적으로 값이 변경될 수 있기 "
|
|
"때문에 스레드 안전하지 않습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22
|
|
msgid "`mpsc::Sender<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Sender<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:23
|
|
msgid "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:24
|
|
msgid "`Cell<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Cell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:25
|
|
msgid "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27
|
|
msgid "`!Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`!Send + Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:"
|
|
msgstr "아래 타입들은 스레드 안전하지만 다른 스레드로 이동될 수 없습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`MutexGuard<T>`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the "
|
|
"thread which created them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`MutexGuard<T>`: 내부적으로, 운영체제가 제공하는 primitive를 사용하는데, 이 "
|
|
"primitive는 생성된 스레드에서 해제가 이루어져야 합니다. (_역주_: 그래서 다른 "
|
|
"스레드로 옮길 수 없습니다.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34
|
|
msgid "`!Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`!Send + !Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36
|
|
msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"아래 타입들은 스레드 안전하지도 않고 다른 스레드로 이동될 수도 없습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc<T>`: each `Rc<T>` has a reference to an `RcBox<T>`, which contains a non-"
|
|
"atomic reference count."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc<T>`: `Rc<T>` 는 아토믹하지 않은 방식으로 참조 카운트를 조작하는 "
|
|
"`RcBox<T>`를 참조합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency "
|
|
"considerations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: 러스트는 포인터가 스레드 안전하지 않다고 가정합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is "
|
|
"primarily done via two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트는 주로 아래 두 가지 타입을 이용해서 공유 데이터 동기화를 수행합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic "
|
|
"reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and takes care to "
|
|
"deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), `T`에 대한 아"
|
|
"토믹 참조 카운트: 이 참조는 다수의 스레드 사이에서 공유될 수 있고, 참조하던 "
|
|
"마지막 스레드가 종료할 경우 `T`를 반환합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures "
|
|
"mutually exclusive access to the `T` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): `T`값에 "
|
|
"대한 상호 배제 엑세스를 보장합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Arc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Arc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared "
|
|
"read-only access via `Arc::clone`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html)의 `clone` 메서"
|
|
"드를 이용하면 여러 스레드가 한 데이터를 동시에 (_역주_: 그리고 안전하게. 스레"
|
|
"드가 하나라도 살아있는 동안에는 `T`가 반환되지 않음) 읽을 수 있습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" for _ in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" for _ in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` "
|
|
"that uses atomic operations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc`는 \"Atomic Reference Counted\"를 의미하며, 스레드 안정성을 보장하는 "
|
|
"`Rc`라고 생각하면 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc<T>` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` "
|
|
"and `Sync` if and only if `T` implements them both."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`T`가 `Clone`을 구현하든 안하든 `Arc<T>`는 `Clone`을 구현합니다. `Send`와 "
|
|
"`Sync`는 `T`가 이들을 구현하는 경우에만 구현됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but "
|
|
"after that the use of the `T` is free."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc::clone()`는 아토믹 연산을 수행하기 때문에 그 때 코스트가 좀 있지만, 일"
|
|
"단 `clone()`이 끝난 후 `T`를 사용하는 대에는 아무런 오버헤드가 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect "
|
|
"them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"순환 참조가 발생하지 않도록 주의해야 합니다. 러스트는 순환 참조를 감지하는 가"
|
|
"비지 컬랙터가 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help."
|
|
msgstr "순환 참조를 피하는데 `std::sync::Weak`가 도움이 될 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1
|
|
msgid "`Mutex`"
|
|
msgstr "`Mutex`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures "
|
|
"mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only "
|
|
"interface:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html)를 이용하"
|
|
"면 불변 참조를 통해서도 `T`의 값을 수정할 수가 있으며, _이에 더해서_ 한 번에 "
|
|
"한 스레드만 `T`의 값을 접근(읽거나 쓰거나)함을 보장해 줍니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" guard.push(40);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" guard.push(40);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how we have a [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) blanket "
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"모든 `Mutex<T>`는 [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E)를 자동으로 구현함"
|
|
"을 참조하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the "
|
|
"protected data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트의 `Mutex`는 오직 하나의 데이터만 담을 수 있는 컬렉션처럼 볼 수도 있습"
|
|
"니다. 다른 컬렉션과 다른 점은, 그 데이터가 동시성 문제로부터 자유롭다는 점입"
|
|
"니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the "
|
|
"protected data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex`는 뮤텍스를 획득하지 않으면 보호된 데이터에 접근하는 것이 불가능 하도"
|
|
"록 디자인 되어 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex<T>` by taking the lock. The "
|
|
"`MutexGuard` ensures that the `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&Mutex<T>`에 대해 lock을 획득하면 `&mut T`를 얻을 수 있습니다. `MutexGuard`"
|
|
"는 `&mut T`가 획득한 lock보다 오래 살아남지 않음을 보장합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Mutex<T>` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff (if and only if) `T` "
|
|
"implements `Send`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex<T>`는 오직 `T`가 `Send`를 구현하는 경우에만 `Send`와 `Sync`를 구현합니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`."
|
|
msgstr "읽기-쓰기 lock은 `RwLock`을 사용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? "
|
|
msgstr "왜 `lock()`이 `Result`를 반환할까요?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:38
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes "
|
|
"\"poisoned\" to signal that the data it protected might be in an "
|
|
"inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex fails with a "
|
|
"[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). "
|
|
"You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data regardless."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex`를 획득한 스레드에서 패닉이 발생하면, 데이터가 올바르지 않은 상황이 "
|
|
"될 수 있습니다. 이를 `Mutex`가 \"중독(poisoned)\" 되었다고 표현하며, 중독된 "
|
|
"뮤텍스에서 `lock()`을 호출하면 실패하고 [`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html)가 발생합니다. 이러한 오류로부터 데"
|
|
"이터를 복구하기 위해 `into_inner()`를 호출할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3
|
|
msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:"
|
|
msgstr "`Arc`와 `Mutex`의 동작을 살펴봅시다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" v.push(10);\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" v2.push(10);\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23
|
|
msgid "Possible solution:"
|
|
msgstr "가능한 해결책:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" v2.push(10);\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" v2.push(10);\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49
|
|
msgid "Notable parts:"
|
|
msgstr "눈여겨 볼 부분:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are "
|
|
"orthogonal."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`v`는 `Arc`와 `Mutex` 모두에 포함되어 있습니다. 이는 `Arc`와 `Mutex`가 서로 "
|
|
"완전히 다른 문제를 위한 도구이기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state "
|
|
"between threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex`를 `Arc`로 래핑하는 것은 가변 상태를 스레드들 간에 공유할 때 흔히 사용"
|
|
"하는 패턴입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:53
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another "
|
|
"thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`v: Arc<_>`를 다른 스레드에서 사용하려면, 먼저 `v2`로 복사를 하고 이를 그 스"
|
|
"레드로 이동 해야 합니다. 그래서 람다의 시그니처에 `move`가 있는 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as "
|
|
"possible."
|
|
msgstr "블록은 `LockGuard`의 범위를 최대한 좁히기 위해 사용되었습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with"
|
|
msgstr "동시성 기법들을 연습해 봅시다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency."
|
|
msgstr "식사하는 철학자 문제: 고적적인 동시성 문제입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to "
|
|
"download dependencies and then check links in parallel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"멀티 스레드 링크 검사기: 병렬적으로 웹페이지의 링크들을 체크합니다. 카고를 통"
|
|
"해 몇 가지 의존성들을 다운도르 받아야 하는 큰 프로젝트 입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3
|
|
msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:"
|
|
msgstr "식사하는 철학자 문제는 동시성에 있어서 고전적인 문제입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has "
|
|
"their own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish "
|
|
"served is a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each "
|
|
"philosopher can only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can "
|
|
"only eat their spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two "
|
|
"forks will only be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, "
|
|
"not eating. After an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put "
|
|
"down both forks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"5명의 철학자가 원탁에서 식사를 하고 있습니다. 철학자는 원탁에서 자신의 자리"
|
|
"에 앉아있습니다. 포크는 각 접시 사이에 있습니다. 제공되는 요리를 먹기 위해서"
|
|
"는 두 개의 포크를 모두 사용해야합니다. 철학자는 생각을 하다가 배가 고프면 자"
|
|
"신의 좌,우의 포크를 들어 요리를 먹습니다. 철학자는 요리를 먹은 후에는 포크를 "
|
|
"다시 자리에 내려놓습니다. 철학자는 자신의 좌,우에 포크가 있을때만 요리를 먹"
|
|
"을 수 있습니다. 따라서 두 개의 포크는 오직 자신의 좌,우 철학자가 생각을 할 때"
|
|
"만 사용할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
|
|
"for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill "
|
|
"out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이번 훈련에서는 [카고 설치하기](../../cargo/running-locally.md)가 필요합니"
|
|
"다. 아래 코드를 복사해서 `src/main.rs`에 붙여놓고 빈 부분을 채우고, `cargo "
|
|
"run` 커맨드로 테스트 해서 교착상태(데드락)가 발생하지 않는지 확인합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Fork;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
" self.thoughts\n"
|
|
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
" // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // Create forks\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create philosophers\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61
|
|
msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It "
|
|
"should start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It "
|
|
"should recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this "
|
|
"until all pages have been validated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"새로 배운것들을 활용해서 멀티 스레드 링크 검사기를 만듭니다. 이 검사기는 웹페"
|
|
"이지 안에 있는 링크들이 유효한지 확인합니다. 그리고 재귀적으로 동일 도메인의 "
|
|
"다른 모든 페이지가 유효한지 확인합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"reqwest/). Create a new Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이를 위해서 [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/reqwest/)와 같은 HTTP 클라이언트가 필"
|
|
"요합니다. 새로운 로컬 프로젝트를 만들고 [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/reqwest/)"
|
|
"를 의존성에 추가하십시요:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"cargo new link-checker\n"
|
|
"cd link-checker\n"
|
|
"cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"cargo init concurrency\n"
|
|
"cd concurrency\n"
|
|
"cargo add tokio --features full\n"
|
|
"cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the "
|
|
"`Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"만일 `cargo add` 커맨드가 `error: no such subcommand` 로 실패한다면 `Cargo."
|
|
"toml` 파일을 직접 수정해도 됩니다. 아래에 전체 의존성 내용이 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs."
|
|
"rs/scraper/) for that:"
|
|
msgstr "링크를 찾기 위해서 [`scraper`](https://docs.rs/scraper/)도 추가합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"cargo add scraper\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/thiserror/) for that:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"마지막으로 오류 처리하는 방법으로 [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/)"
|
|
"도 추가합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"cargo add thiserror\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin mmio\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:"
|
|
msgstr "모든 `cargo add`가 끝나면 `Cargo.toml`에 아래 내용이 추가됩니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
|
|
"tls\"] }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://"
|
|
"www.google.org/`."
|
|
msgstr "이제 `https://www.google.org/` 같은 웹 페이지를 탐색할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53
|
|
msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:"
|
|
msgstr "`rc/main.rs`파일은 아래와 같습니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n"
|
|
"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum Error {\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" BadResponse(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct CrawlCommand {\n"
|
|
" url: Url,\n"
|
|
" extract_links: bool,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result<Vec<Url>, "
|
|
"Error> {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n"
|
|
" let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n"
|
|
" if !response.status().is_success() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" if !command.extract_links {\n"
|
|
" return Ok(link_urls);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
" let body_text = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
" let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let href_values = document\n"
|
|
" .select(&selector)\n"
|
|
" .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n"
|
|
" for href in href_values {\n"
|
|
" match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(link_url) => {\n"
|
|
" link_urls.push(link_url);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: "
|
|
"{err}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(link_urls)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let client = Client::new();\n"
|
|
" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let crawl_command = CrawlCommand{ url: start_url, extract_links: "
|
|
"true };\n"
|
|
" match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:120
|
|
msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with"
|
|
msgstr "아래 커맨드로 소스를 실행합니다"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:122
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:128
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a "
|
|
"channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"스레드를 사용하여 링크를 병렬로 확인합니다: URL을 채널로 보내서 몇 개의 스레"
|
|
"드가 URL을 병렬로 체크하도록 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:130
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google."
|
|
"org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you don't end up "
|
|
"being blocked by the site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`www.google.org`도메인의 모든 페이지를 재귀적으로 확인하기 위해 코드를 확장해"
|
|
"서 작성합니다: 차단당하지 않도록 100페이지 정도로 제한을 두시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Async Rust"
|
|
msgstr "비동기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed "
|
|
"concurrently by executing each task until it would block, then switching to "
|
|
"another task that is ready to make progress. The model allows running a "
|
|
"larger number of tasks on a limited number of threads. This is because the "
|
|
"per-task overhead is typically very low and operating systems provide "
|
|
"primitives for efficiently identifying I/O that is able to proceed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\"Async\"는 블럭될(더 이상 진행할 수 없을) 때까지 각 작업을 실행한 다음 진행"
|
|
"할 준비가 된 다른 작업으로 전환하여 여러 작업을 동시에 실행하는 동시 실행 모"
|
|
"델입니다. 이 모델을 사용하면 제한된 수의 스레드에서 더 많은 작업을 실행할 수 "
|
|
"있습니다. 이는, 한 작업을 유지하고 수행하는데 필요한 오버헤드가 (스레드에 비"
|
|
"해) 매우 낮고 운영체제가 여러 I/O들에서 현재 진행 가능한 I/O들을 효과적으로 "
|
|
"식별해 주는 프리미티브를 제공하기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work "
|
|
"that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they "
|
|
"signal that they are complete."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust의 비동기 작업은 \"futures\"를 기반으로 하며 이는 미래에 완료될 수 있는 "
|
|
"작업을 나타냅니다. Futures는 완료되었다는 신호를 보낼 때까지 \"폴링\"됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are "
|
|
"available."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Futures는 비동기 런타임에 의해 폴링되며, 비동기 런타임에는 여러 다양한 종류"
|
|
"가 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Comparisons"
|
|
msgstr "비교"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is "
|
|
"callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", "
|
|
"similar to a runtime in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"파이썬에도 `asyncio`라는 유사한 모델이 있습니다. 그러나 파이썬의 `Future` 타"
|
|
"입은 콜백 기반이며 폴링되지 않습니다. 파이썬으로 비동기 프로그래밍을 할 때에"
|
|
"는, Rust에서 런타임이 내부적으로 해 주는 것과 유사한, \"루프\"를 명시적으로 "
|
|
"사용해야 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language "
|
|
"runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise "
|
|
"resolution are hidden."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"자바스크립트의 `Promise`도 비슷하지만 역시 콜백 기반입니다. 자바스크립트에서"
|
|
"는 이벤트 루프가런타임 엔진에서 구현되므로 `Promise`가 처리되는 세부 과정이 "
|
|
"숨겨집니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:1
|
|
msgid "`async`/`await`"
|
|
msgstr "`async`/`await`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential "
|
|
"code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"겉에서 보았을 때, 비동기 Rust 코드는 일반적인 절차적 코드와 매우 유사합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use futures::executor::block_on;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
" count_to(count).await;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" block_on(async_main(10));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use futures::executor::block_on;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
" count_to(count).await;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" block_on(async_main(10));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long "
|
|
"running operation or any real concurrency in it!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust 비동기 문법을 보여주는 간단한 예시입니다. 여기에는 오래 실행되는 작업이"
|
|
"나, 실제로 동시에 수행되는 것들은 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:30
|
|
msgid "What is the return type of an async call?"
|
|
msgstr "`async`함수의 리턴 타입은 무엇인가요?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:31
|
|
msgid "Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`main`에서 \\`let future: () = async_main(10);을 사용하여 타입을 확인하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return "
|
|
"type with a future. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\"async\" 키워드는 문법 설탕(syntactic sugar)입니다. 컴파일러가 리턴 타입을 "
|
|
"future로 바꿉니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the "
|
|
"compiler on how to use the returned future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`main`을 비동기 함수로 만들수는 없습니다. 만약 그렇게 할 경우 컴파일러는 리"
|
|
"턴 타입인 future를 어떻게 사용할 지 모르기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread "
|
|
"until the provided future has run to completion. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"비동기 코드를 실행하려면 실행자(executor)가 필요합니다. `block_on` 실행자는 "
|
|
"제공된 future가 완료될 때까지 현재 스레드를 블록합니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. "
|
|
"Unlike `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`.await`는 다른 작업이 완료될 때까지 비동기적으로 대기합니다. `block_on`과 달"
|
|
"리 `.await`는 현재 스레드를 블록하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are "
|
|
"introduced later). "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`.await`는 `async` 함수(또는 나중에 소개될 `async` 블록) 안에서만 사용할 수 "
|
|
"있습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a "
|
|
"trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be "
|
|
"complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a [`Poll`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html)는 트레잇입"
|
|
"니다.이 트레잇은 아직 완료되지 않았을 수도 있는 작업을 나타냅니다. Future는 "
|
|
"`poll` 함수를 통해 폴링될 수 있으며, 이 함수는 [`Poll`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)을 반환합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"use std::pin::Pin;\n"
|
|
"use std::task::Context;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub trait Future {\n"
|
|
" type Output;\n"
|
|
" fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::"
|
|
"Output>;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub enum Poll<T> {\n"
|
|
" Ready(T),\n"
|
|
" Pending,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"use std::pin::Pin;\n"
|
|
"use std::task::Context;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub trait Future {\n"
|
|
" type Output;\n"
|
|
" fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::"
|
|
"Output>;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub enum Poll<T> {\n"
|
|
" Ready(T),\n"
|
|
" Pending,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but "
|
|
"uncommon) to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the "
|
|
"`JoinHandle` returned from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow "
|
|
"joining to it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"비동기 함수는 `impl Future`를 반환합니다. 새로운 타입을 만들고 이 타입이 "
|
|
"`Future`를 구현하게 할 수도 있지만 일반적이지는 않습니다. 예를 들어 `tokio::"
|
|
"spawn`가 리턴하는 `JoinHandle`은 `Future`를 구현하며, 이를 통해 생성된 스레드"
|
|
"에 join할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function "
|
|
"to pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Future에 `.await`를 호출하면, 해당 Future가 준비될 때까지 현재 비동기 함수가 "
|
|
"일시 중지됩니다. 그런 다음 Future가 준비가 되면, 그 값이 `.await` 구문의 값"
|
|
"이 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the "
|
|
"links to show the implementations in the docs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Future` 와 `Poll` 타입의 실제 정의는 위에 보이는 그대로 입니다. 링크를 클릭"
|
|
"하면 Rust 문서에서 한 번 더 확인할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async "
|
|
"code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"본 강의의 목적은 비동기 코드를 작성하는데 있기 때문에, 새로운 비동기 프리미티"
|
|
"브를 만드는데 필요한 `Pin`과 `Context`는 다루지 않습니다. 이들에 대해 간단"
|
|
"히 설명하자면:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an "
|
|
"event occurs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Context`를 사용하면 Future가 이벤트가 발생할 때 다시 폴링되도록 예약할 수 있"
|
|
"습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into "
|
|
"that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain "
|
|
"valid after an `.await`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"'Pin'을 사용하면 메모리에서 Future의 위치가 고정되기 때문에 해당 future의 포"
|
|
"인터가 항상 유효하게 유지됩니다. 이는 `.await` 후에 참조를 유효한 상태로 유지"
|
|
"하기 위해 필요합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a "
|
|
"_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust "
|
|
"does not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"비동기 _런타임_은 _리액터_ (비동기식 작업 실행을 지원)와 _실행자_ (futures를 "
|
|
"실행)의 두 가지 역할을 합니다. Rust 언어 자체에서 기본 제공하는 비동기 런타임"
|
|
"은 없습니다. 그러나 다음과 같은 비동기 런타임 크레잇들이 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of "
|
|
"functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/) - 성능이 우수합니다. 그리고 HTTP를 지원하는 "
|
|
"[Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) 와 gRPC를 지원하는 [Tonic](https://github.com/"
|
|
"hyperium/tonic)과 같은 잘 발달된 라이브러리 생태계가 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes "
|
|
"a basic runtime in `async::task`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[async-std](https://async.rs/) - 비동기에서의 `std`를 목표로 하고 있습니다. "
|
|
"`async::task`에 기본 런타임이 포함되어 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight"
|
|
msgstr "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/) - 간단하고 가볍습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]"
|
|
"(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-"
|
|
"async/src/lib.rs) already has one."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"여러 대규모 애플리케이션에는 자체 런타임이 있는 경우도 있습니다. 예들 들어 "
|
|
"[Fuchsia](https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/"
|
|
"fuchsia-async/src/lib.rs)가 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust "
|
|
"playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting "
|
|
"async things can't run in the playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust 플레이그라운드에서는 위에 나열된 비동기 런타임 중에서 Tokio만 사용할 수 "
|
|
"있습니다. 또한 Rust 플레이그라운드는 I/O를 허용하지 않으므로 async를 가지고 "
|
|
"할 수 있는 많은 흥미로운 작업들이 불가능 합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O "
|
|
"operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS "
|
|
"Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never "
|
|
"used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Futures는 실행자가 폴링하지 않는 한 아무것도 하지 않는다는 점에서(I/O 작업조"
|
|
"차 시작하지 않음) \"비활성\" 상태입니다. 이는 사용되지 않는 경우에도 완료될 "
|
|
"때 까지 실행되는, 자바 스크립트의 promise와 다릅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:4
|
|
msgid "Tokio provides: "
|
|
msgstr "Tokio는 다음을 제공합니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6
|
|
msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code."
|
|
msgstr "비동기 코드 실행을 위한 멀티스레드 런타임"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:7
|
|
msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library."
|
|
msgstr "표준 라이브러리의 비동기 버전"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:8
|
|
msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries."
|
|
msgstr "대규모 라이브러리 생태계"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:33
|
|
msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이제 `tokio::main` 매크로를 사용하면 `main`을 비동기로 만들 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:35
|
|
msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"."
|
|
msgstr "`spawn` 함수는 동시 실행되는 새로운 \"작업\"을 만듭니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:37
|
|
msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"참고: `spawn`은 `Future`를 인자로 받습니다. 때문에 `count_to`에 `.await`를 호"
|
|
"출하지 않는 점을 주목하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:39
|
|
msgid "**Further exploration:**"
|
|
msgstr "**심화 학습:**"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async "
|
|
"cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait "
|
|
"until it finishes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`count_to`가 10에 도달하지 않는 경우가 많은데 그 이유는 무엇일까요? 이는 비동"
|
|
"기적인 취소를 보여주는 예입니다. `tokio::spawn`이 리턴하는 것은 완료될 때까"
|
|
"지 기다리도록 대기하는데 사용되는 핸들입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:45
|
|
msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning."
|
|
msgstr "`tokio::spawn` 대신 `count_to(10).await`를 사용해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:47
|
|
msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`."
|
|
msgstr "`tokio::spawn`에서 반환된 작업을 `await` 해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading."
|
|
msgstr "Rust의 태스크(작업) 시스템은 경량 스레딩의 한 종류로 볼 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make "
|
|
"progress. That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` "
|
|
"method polls, corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a "
|
|
"task is possible by polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer "
|
|
"and an I/O operation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"하나의 작업에는, 실행자가 이 작업을 진행하기 위해 계속 폴링하는, 최상위 "
|
|
"future가 한 개 있습니다. 이 future에는 `poll` 메서드가 폴링하는 중첩된 future"
|
|
"가 한 개 이상 있을 수 있습니다. 이러한 중첩된 future는 일반적인 함수 호출 스"
|
|
"택하고 비슷한 역할을 합니다. 한 작업 안에서 여러 자식 future들을 폴링하면, 타"
|
|
"이머를 켜는 것과 어떤 I/O작업을 동시에 수행시킨 후 타이머와 I/O 중 먼저 끝나"
|
|
"는 것을 기다리는 것과 같은동시성도 구현할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n"
|
|
"\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
" return;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n"
|
|
" let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n"
|
|
" Ok(n) => {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap()."
|
|
"trim();\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Err(e) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
" return;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n"
|
|
"\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
" return;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n"
|
|
" let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n"
|
|
" Ok(n) => {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap()."
|
|
"trim();\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Err(e) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
" return;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:52 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 예제를, 로컬 컴퓨터에 만들어 둔 `src/main.rs`에 복사하고 거기에서 실행하세"
|
|
"요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with "
|
|
"a few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"수강생들에게 이 서버에 몇 개의 클라이언트가 연결되면 이 서버의 상태가 어떻게 "
|
|
"변할지 그림을 그려보도록 하세요. 어떤 태스크들이 있는지, 이 태스크들의 Future"
|
|
"는 어떤 상태에 있는지 물어봅니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a "
|
|
"closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, "
|
|
"similar to an `async fn`. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`async` 블록을 처음 보게 되었습니다. 이것은 클로저와 비슷하지만 인자를 받지 "
|
|
"않습니다. 리턴 타입은 `async fn`과 비슷한 Future입니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling "
|
|
"using `?`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Async 블록을 함수로 리팩터링하고 `?`를 사용하여 오류 처리를 개선해 봅시다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"여러 크레이트에서 비동기 채널을 지원합니다. 예를 들어 `tokio`에서는 아래와 같"
|
|
"이합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n"
|
|
" let mut count: usize = 0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n"
|
|
" count += 1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
" let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..10 {\n"
|
|
" sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" drop(sender);\n"
|
|
" ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler "
|
|
"task.\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n"
|
|
" let mut count: usize = 0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n"
|
|
" count += 1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
" let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..10 {\n"
|
|
" sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" std::mem::drop(sender);\n"
|
|
" ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler "
|
|
"task.\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:35
|
|
msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution."
|
|
msgstr "채널 크기를 `3`으로 변경하고 동작이 어떻게 바뀌는지 확인하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the "
|
|
"[morning class](concurrency/channels.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"비동기 채널을 사용하기 위한 인터페이스는 [오전 과정](concurrency/channels.md)"
|
|
"에서 배운 `sync` 채널과 비슷합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:40
|
|
msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std::mem::drop` 호출하는 줄을 삭제해 보세요. 어떤 결과가 나타나나요? 이유가 "
|
|
"무엇인가요?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that "
|
|
"implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient "
|
|
"for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) 크레이트에는 `sync`와 `async`, "
|
|
"`send`와 `recv`를 모두 구현하는 채널이 있습니다. 이것은 IO와 CPU 처리 작업이 "
|
|
"많은 복잡한 애플리케이션을 구현할 때 매우 유용합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to "
|
|
"combine them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control "
|
|
"flow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`async` 채널을 사용하는 것이 더 좋은 이유는 이를 다른 `future`와 결합하여 복"
|
|
"잡한 제어 흐름을 만들 수 있기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Futures Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "흐름 제어"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. "
|
|
"We have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of "
|
|
"execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Future들을 결합하여 계산 과정을 동시성이 있는 플로우 그래프 형태로 모델링 할 "
|
|
"수 있습니다. 앞서 배운, 각 태스크가 독립적으로 수행되도록 하는 것도 Future들"
|
|
"을 결합하는 한 방법으로 볼 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:6
|
|
msgid "[Join](control-flow/join.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Join](control-flow/join.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:7
|
|
msgid "[Select](control-flow/select.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Select](control-flow/select.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns "
|
|
"a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in "
|
|
"JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Join 연산은 모든 future가 준비될 때까지 기다린 후, 각 future의 결과값을 담은 "
|
|
"컬렉션을 리턴합니다. 이는 자바스크립트의 `Promise.all`이나 파이썬의 `asyncio."
|
|
"gather`와 유사합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use anyhow::Result;\n"
|
|
"use futures::future;\n"
|
|
"use reqwest;\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result<usize> {\n"
|
|
" let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n"
|
|
" Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n"
|
|
" \"https://google.com\",\n"
|
|
" \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n"
|
|
" \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n"
|
|
" \"BAD_URL\",\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n"
|
|
" let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n"
|
|
" let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result<usize>> =\n"
|
|
" urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use anyhow::Result;\n"
|
|
"use futures::future;\n"
|
|
"use reqwest;\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result<usize> {\n"
|
|
" let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n"
|
|
" Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n"
|
|
" \"https://google.com\",\n"
|
|
" \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n"
|
|
" \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n"
|
|
" \"BAD_URL\",\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n"
|
|
" let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n"
|
|
" let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result<usize>> =\n"
|
|
" urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but "
|
|
"you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is "
|
|
"currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"서로 다른 타입을 가지는 여러 여러 futures들을 join하고자 할 경우 `std::"
|
|
"future::join!`을 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 매크로를 사용하려면 futures가 몇 개"
|
|
"나 있을지 컴파일 할 때 알아야 한다는 점을 주의하세요. 이 매크로는 지금은 "
|
|
"'futures' 크레이트에 있으며 곧 안정화 되어 `std::future`에 포함될 예정입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would "
|
|
"cause your program to stall. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"'join'의 위험성은 futures들 중 하나가 영영 끝나지 않을 수도 있다는 것입니다. "
|
|
"그러면 프로그램이 더이상 진행을 못하고 멈춰있을(stall) 수 있습니다. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all "
|
|
"requests to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a "
|
|
"`tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a "
|
|
"timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but "
|
|
"demonstrates `join!`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`join_all`을 `join!`과 결합하여 http 서비스와 데이터베이스에 대한 모든 요청들"
|
|
"을 한꺼번에 진행시킬 수도 있습니다. `futures::join!`을 사용하여 `tokio::"
|
|
"time::sleep`을 future에 추가해 보세요. 이건 타임아웃을 구현하는 것이 아님을 "
|
|
"주의하세요. 실제로, 타임아웃은 다음 장에서 설명하는 `select!`를 사용해서 구"
|
|
"현해야 합니다. 여기서는 `tokio::time::sleep`을 사용한 것은 단순히 `join!`의 "
|
|
"동작을 설명하기 위함입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and "
|
|
"responds to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise."
|
|
"race`. In Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio."
|
|
"FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Select 연산은 여러 future들 모두에 대해서 준비될 때 까지 기다리다가, 그 중 어"
|
|
"떤 한 future가 최초로 준비 상태가 되면 해당 future의 결과값을 리턴합니다. 이"
|
|
"것은 자바스크립트에서의 `Promise.race`와 비슷합니다. 파이썬에서라면 `asyncio."
|
|
"wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)`가 하는 동작과 비슷합니"
|
|
"다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, "
|
|
"each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When the `future` is "
|
|
"ready, the `statement` is executed with the variables in `pattern` bound to "
|
|
"the `future`'s result."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`select!` 안에는, `match`문과 비슷하게, `pattern = future => statement` 형태"
|
|
"의 브랜치(arm) 들이 있습니다. 어떤 'future'가 진행 가능 상태가 되면 '그 "
|
|
"`future`의 결과값이 `pattern`으로 바인딩 되며, 그 상태에서 \\`statement'가 수"
|
|
"행됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
"enum Animal {\n"
|
|
" Cat { name: String },\n"
|
|
" Dog { name: String },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n"
|
|
" mut cat_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
|
|
" mut dog_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
|
|
") -> Option<Animal> {\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: cat_name? }),\n"
|
|
" dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: dog_name? })\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
" let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n"
|
|
" cat_sender\n"
|
|
" .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n"
|
|
" dog_sender\n"
|
|
" .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
"enum Animal {\n"
|
|
" Cat { name: String },\n"
|
|
" Dog { name: String },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n"
|
|
" mut cat_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
|
|
" mut dog_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
|
|
") -> Option<Animal> {\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: cat_name? }),\n"
|
|
" dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: dog_name? })\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
" let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n"
|
|
" cat_sender\n"
|
|
" .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n"
|
|
" dog_sender\n"
|
|
" .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:62
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog. "
|
|
"`first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick "
|
|
"whichever arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat "
|
|
"that take 500ms seconds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 예제에서는 고양이와 개를 경주시켰습니다(동시에 시작시킨 후, 둘 중 먼저 끝"
|
|
"나는 쪽이 이김). `first_animal_to_finish_race`함수는 두 채널 모두에 귀기울이"
|
|
"고(listen하고) 있다가, 메시지가 먼저 도착한 채널을 선택합니다. 개는 50ms만에 "
|
|
"작업을 끝내고 고양이는 500ms가 걸리기 때문에, 개가 이깁니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:67
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed "
|
|
"to receive only one `send`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 예제에서는 `oneshot` 채널을 사용하는 것이 더 좋은 디자인 입니다. 각 채널"
|
|
"이 한 번의 `send`만 수신해야 하는 것이 보장되기 때문입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:70
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts "
|
|
"of futures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 경주에 타임아웃을 추가해서, 서로 다른 종류의 futures들을 동시에 `select`"
|
|
"할 수 있음을 확인해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:73
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `select!` drops unmatched branches, which cancels their futures. "
|
|
"It is easiest to use when every execution of `select!` creates new futures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`select!`는 매칭되지 않은 다른 모든 브랜치에 대해 drop을 수행합니다. 따라서 "
|
|
"경쟁에서 진 모든 future들은 취소(cancel) 됩니다. `select!`를 실행할 때마다 "
|
|
"새로운 futures가 만들어지는 경우라면, 이러한 점이 매우 편하게 느껴질 것입니"
|
|
"다. Future가 취소되는 것을 막기 위해 future를 직접 전달하는 대신 `&mut "
|
|
"future`를 전달하는 것도 가능합니다. 하지만 이렇게 하면 문제가 발생할 수 있습"
|
|
"니다 (왜 그런지는 `Pin`설명할 때 자세히 설명하겠습니다)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:76
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An alternative is to pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but "
|
|
"this can lead to issues, further discussed in the pinning slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:1
|
|
msgid "Pitfalls of async/await"
|
|
msgstr "async/await에서 주의해야할 함정"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent "
|
|
"asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes "
|
|
"with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this "
|
|
"chapter:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Async와 await는 동시 비동기 프로그래밍을 위한 편리하고 효율적인 추상화를 제공"
|
|
"합니다. 하지만 Rust의 async/await 모델에도 문제는 있습니다. 이 장에서 몇 가"
|
|
"지 예를 살펴보겠습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[실행자 차단](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[고정](pitfalls/pin.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Async Traits](pitfalls/async-traits.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[비동기 트레잇](pitfall/async-traits.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:8
|
|
msgid "[Cancellation](pitfalls/cancellation.md)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1
|
|
msgid "Blocking the executor"
|
|
msgstr "실행자(executor)를 블록시킴"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that "
|
|
"CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from "
|
|
"being executed. An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where "
|
|
"possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"대부분의 비동기 런타임은 IO 작업만 동시에 실행되도록 허용합니다. 즉, CPU를 블"
|
|
"럭하는 태스크가 있는 경우, 이는 실행자(executor)를 블럭하게 되며, 그 결과로 "
|
|
"다른 태스크가 실행되지 않습니다. 이 문제를 해결하는 간단한 방법은, 항상 async"
|
|
"를 지원하는 메서드를 사용하는 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use futures::future::join_all;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Instant;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n"
|
|
" std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n"
|
|
" println!(\n"
|
|
" \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n"
|
|
" start.elapsed().as_millis()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let start = Instant::now();\n"
|
|
" let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n"
|
|
" join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use futures::future::join_all;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Instant;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n"
|
|
" std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n"
|
|
" println!(\n"
|
|
" \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n"
|
|
" start.elapsed().as_millis()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let start = Instant::now();\n"
|
|
" let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n"
|
|
" join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than "
|
|
"concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"코드를 실행하여 sleep들이 동시에 진행되지 않고 순차적으로으로 진행되는지 확인"
|
|
"하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This "
|
|
"makes the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-"
|
|
"threaded flavor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`flavor`를 `\"current_thread\"` 로 설정하면 모든 태스크가 하나의 스레드에서 "
|
|
"수행됩니다. 이렇게 하면 문제 상황이 더 분명히 드러납니다. 그러나 이 버그는 멀"
|
|
"티스레드인 경우에도 여전히 존재합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std::thread::sleep`을 `tokio::time::sleep`으로 바꾸고 그 결과를 `await`해 보"
|
|
"세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual "
|
|
"thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"또 다른 해결 방법은 `tokio::task::spawn_blocking`입니다. 이는 실제 스레드를 "
|
|
"생성하고, 그 스레드에 대한 핸들을 future로 변환함으로써 실행자가 블록되는 것"
|
|
"을 막습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most "
|
|
"executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is "
|
|
"particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, "
|
|
"where that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific "
|
|
"OS threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such "
|
|
"situations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"태스크를 OS 스레드라고 생각하면 안 됩니다. 태스크와 OS스레드는 일대일 매핑 관"
|
|
"계에 있지 않습니다. 대부분의 실행자는 하나의 OS 스레드에서 최대한 많은 태스크"
|
|
"를 수행하도록 설계되어 있습니다. 이점은 FFI를 통해 다른 라이브러리와 상호작용"
|
|
"할 때 특히 문제가 됩니다. 예를 들어, 해당 라이브러리가 스레드 로컬 저장소를 "
|
|
"이용하거나 특정 OS 스레드에 매핑될 수 있습니다(예: CUDA). 이러한 상황에서는 "
|
|
"`tokio::task::spawn_blocking`을 사용하는 것이 좋습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause "
|
|
"another task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"동기화 뮤텍스를 주의해서 사용하세요. `.await` 위에 뮤텍스를 적용하면 다른 작"
|
|
"업이 차단될 수 있으며 해당 작업은 동일한 스레드에서 실행 중일 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be "
|
|
"stored on a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current "
|
|
"async block. If your future has pointers to data on the stack, those "
|
|
"pointers might get invalidated. This is unsafe."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Future에 대해 `await`를 호출하여 그 future가 준비되기를 기다릴 때, 모든 로컬 "
|
|
"변수(일반적으로 스택 프레임에 저장됨)는 그 future객체 안에 저장됩니다. 만약 "
|
|
"그 future에 스택에 있는 어떤 데이터로의 포인터가 있으면 이러한 포인터는 올바"
|
|
"르지 않을 수 있습니다. 안전하지 않습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to don't "
|
|
"change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future "
|
|
"repeatedly in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"따라서 future가 가리키는 주소가 변경되지 않도록 해야 합니다. 이것이 future를 "
|
|
"`pin`(고정)해야 하는 이유입니다. `select!`에서 동일한 future를 반복적으로 사"
|
|
"용하면 고정 값 문제가 발생하는 경우가 많습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::task::spawn;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n"
|
|
"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Work {\n"
|
|
" input: u32,\n"
|
|
" respond_on: oneshot::Sender<u32>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n"
|
|
"async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver<Work>) {\n"
|
|
" let mut iterations = 0;\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to work.\n"
|
|
" work.respond_on\n"
|
|
" .send(work.input * 1000)\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n"
|
|
" iterations += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n"
|
|
"async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender<Work>, input: u32) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n"
|
|
" work_queue\n"
|
|
" .send(Work {\n"
|
|
" input,\n"
|
|
" respond_on: tx,\n"
|
|
" })\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n"
|
|
" rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
|
|
" spawn(worker(rx));\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
" let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::task::spawn;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// 작업 항목. 이 경우 지정된 시간 동안 절전 모드로 있다가\n"
|
|
"// `respond_on` 채널의 메시지로 응답합니다.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Work {\n"
|
|
" input: u32,\n"
|
|
" respond_on: oneshot::Sender<u32>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// 대기열에서 작업을 리슨하고 실행하는 worker입니다.\n"
|
|
"async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver<Work>) {\n"
|
|
" let mut iterations = 0;\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to work.\n"
|
|
" work.respond_on\n"
|
|
" .send(work.input * 1000)\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n"
|
|
" iterations += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // TODO: 100ms마다 반복 횟수를 보고합니다.\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// 작업을 요청하고 작업이 완료될 때까지 기다리는 요청자입니다.\n"
|
|
"async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender<Work>, input: u32) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n"
|
|
" work_queue\n"
|
|
" .send(Work {\n"
|
|
" input,\n"
|
|
" respond_on: tx,\n"
|
|
" })\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n"
|
|
" rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
|
|
" spawn(worker(rx));\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
" let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically "
|
|
"call `select!` in a loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"위에서 소개한 것은 액터(actor) 패턴의 한 예라고 봐도 무방합니다. 액터는 일반"
|
|
"적으로 루프 안에서 `select!`를 호출합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:71
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your "
|
|
"time with it."
|
|
msgstr "이전 강의 몇 개의 내용을 요약한 것이기 때문에 천천히 살펴보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:74
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to "
|
|
"the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }`을 `select!`에 추"
|
|
"가해 보세요. 이 작업은 실행되지 않습니다. 왜 그럴까요?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:77
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"대신, 해당 future가 포함된 `timeout_fut`를 `loop` 외부에 추가해 보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:79
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"let mut timeout_fut = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
"loop {\n"
|
|
" select! {\n"
|
|
" ..,\n"
|
|
" _ = timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"let mut timeout_fut = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
"loop {\n"
|
|
" select! {\n"
|
|
" ..,\n"
|
|
" _ = timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:88
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the "
|
|
"`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::"
|
|
"pin`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"여전히 작동하지 않습니다. 컴파일러 오류를 따라 `select!`의 `timeout_fut`에 "
|
|
"`&mut`를 추가하여 Move 시멘틱 관련한 문제를 해결하고 `Box::pin`을 사용하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:92
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"let mut timeout_fut = Box::pin(sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)));\n"
|
|
"loop {\n"
|
|
" select! {\n"
|
|
" ..,\n"
|
|
" _ = &mut timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"let mut timeout_fut = Box::pin(sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)));\n"
|
|
"loop {\n"
|
|
" select! {\n"
|
|
" ..,\n"
|
|
" _ = &mut timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:102
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every "
|
|
"iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset "
|
|
"`timeout_fut` every time it expires."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이는 컴파일은 되지만 타임 아웃이 되면 매번 반복할 때 마다 `Poll::Ready`가 됩"
|
|
"니다(융합된 future가 도움이 될 수 있음). 타임 아웃 될 때마다 `timeout_fut`를 "
|
|
"리셋하도록 수정하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:106
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently "
|
|
"stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, "
|
|
"but that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Box는 힙에 할당합니다. 경우에 따라 `std::pin::pin!`(최근에야 안정화되었으며 "
|
|
"이전 코드는 `tokio::pin!`을 사용하는 경우가 많음)도 사용할 수 있지만 이는 재"
|
|
"할당된 future에 사용하기가 어렵습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:110
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that "
|
|
"will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"또 다른 방법은 `pin`을 아예 사용하지 않고 100ms마다 `oneshot` 채널에 전송할 "
|
|
"다른 작업을 생성하는 것입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An "
|
|
"experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid "
|
|
"term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-"
|
|
"nightly.html))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"트레잇에 async 메소드를 추가하는 것은 아직 안정화 버전 채널에서 지원되지 않습"
|
|
"니다([실험용 기능은 nightly에 존재하며 조만간 안정화 될 것입니다](https://"
|
|
"blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-nightly.html))."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) "
|
|
"provides a workaround through a macro:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"크레이트 [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/)은 매"
|
|
"크로를 통한 해결 방법을 제공합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use async_trait::async_trait;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Instant;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[async_trait]\n"
|
|
"trait Sleeper {\n"
|
|
" async fn sleep(&self);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct FixedSleeper {\n"
|
|
" sleep_ms: u64,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[async_trait]\n"
|
|
"impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n"
|
|
" async fn sleep(&self) {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>>, "
|
|
"n_times: usize) {\n"
|
|
" for _ in 0..n_times {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n"
|
|
" for sleeper in &sleepers {\n"
|
|
" let start = Instant::now();\n"
|
|
" sleeper.sleep().await;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>> = vec![\n"
|
|
" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n"
|
|
" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use async_trait::async_trait;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Instant;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[async_trait]\n"
|
|
"trait Sleeper {\n"
|
|
" async fn sleep(&self);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct FixedSleeper {\n"
|
|
" sleep_ms: u64,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[async_trait]\n"
|
|
"impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n"
|
|
" async fn sleep(&self) {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>>, "
|
|
"n_times: usize) {\n"
|
|
" for _ in 0..n_times {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n"
|
|
" for sleeper in &sleepers {\n"
|
|
" let start = Instant::now();\n"
|
|
" sleeper.sleep().await;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>> = vec![\n"
|
|
" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n"
|
|
" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to "
|
|
"achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`async_trait`은 사용하기 쉽지만 이를 위해 힙에 메모리를 할당한다는 점에 유의"
|
|
"하세요. 이 힙 할당에는 성능 오버헤드가 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:54
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and "
|
|
"probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of "
|
|
"explaining them in [this post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/"
|
|
"blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/) if you are interested in "
|
|
"digging deeper."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`async trait` 를 언어 차원에서 지원하는 것과 관련된 문제는 매우 전문적인 토픽"
|
|
"이며 따라서 이 강의에서 다룰 내용은 아닙니다. [이 게시물](https://"
|
|
"smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-"
|
|
"hard/)에 이에 관한 니코 마사키스의 좋은 설명이 있으므로 관심이 있다면 참고하"
|
|
"세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:60
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of "
|
|
"time and adding it to the Vec."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"임의의 시간 동안 sleep 하는 새로운 sleeper 구조체를 만들어 Vec에 추가해 보세"
|
|
"요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called "
|
|
"_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to "
|
|
"ensure the system works correctly even when futures are cancelled. For "
|
|
"example, it shouldn't deadlock or lose data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{self, ErrorKind};\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, DuplexStream};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct LinesReader {\n"
|
|
" stream: DuplexStream,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl LinesReader {\n"
|
|
" fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { stream }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {\n"
|
|
" let mut bytes = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" let mut buf = [0];\n"
|
|
" while self.stream.read(&mut buf[..]).await? != 0 {\n"
|
|
" bytes.push(buf[0]);\n"
|
|
" if buf[0] == b'\\n' {\n"
|
|
" break;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" if bytes.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Ok(None)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from_utf8(bytes)\n"
|
|
" .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, \"not "
|
|
"UTF-8\"))?;\n"
|
|
" Ok(Some(s))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn slow_copy(source: String, mut dest: DuplexStream) -> std::io::"
|
|
"Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" for b in source.bytes() {\n"
|
|
" dest.write_u8(b).await?;\n"
|
|
" tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let (client, server) = tokio::io::duplex(5);\n"
|
|
" let handle = tokio::spawn(slow_copy(\"hi\\nthere\\n\".to_owned(), "
|
|
"client));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut lines = LinesReader::new(server);\n"
|
|
" let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(60));\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" _ = interval.tick() => println!(\"tick!\"),\n"
|
|
" line = lines.next() => if let Some(l) = line? {\n"
|
|
" print!(\"{}\", l)\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" break\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" handle.await.unwrap()?;\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API "
|
|
"documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs "
|
|
"error-handling)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:78
|
|
msgid "The example loses parts of the string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:80
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are "
|
|
"dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:82
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by makeing `buf` part of the "
|
|
"struct:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:83
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"struct LinesReader {\n"
|
|
" stream: DuplexStream,\n"
|
|
" bytes: Vec<u8>,\n"
|
|
" buf: [u8; 1],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl LinesReader {\n"
|
|
" fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { stream, bytes: Vec::new(), buf: [0] }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {\n"
|
|
" // prefix buf and bytes with self.\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
" let raw = std::mem::take(&mut self.bytes);\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from_utf8(raw)\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:104
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval."
|
|
"html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a "
|
|
"tick has been 'delivered'."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:107
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either "
|
|
"returns or doesn't read data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:110
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ "
|
|
"cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time "
|
|
"you are going to implement it with Async Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you "
|
|
"experiment with more advanced Async Rust features."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Dining Philosophers - Async"
|
|
msgstr "식사하는 철학자들"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the "
|
|
"problem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-"
|
|
"locally.md) for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/"
|
|
"main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이번 훈련에서는 [카고 설치하기](../../cargo/running-locally.md)가 필요합니"
|
|
"다. 아래 코드를 복사해서 `src/main.rs`에 붙여놓고 빈 부분을 채우고, `cargo "
|
|
"run` 커맨드로 테스트 해서 교착상태(데드락)가 발생하지 않는지 확인합니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Fork;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" async fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
" self.thoughts\n"
|
|
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))."
|
|
"await\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" async fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
" // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // Create forks\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create philosophers\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. "
|
|
"You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:62
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"tokio = {version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", "
|
|
"\"rt-multi-thread\"]}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module "
|
|
"from the `tokio` crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:77
|
|
msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded? "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast "
|
|
"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and "
|
|
"publish their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard "
|
|
"input, and sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message "
|
|
"that it receives to all the clients."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/"
|
|
"sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/tokio_websockets/) for the "
|
|
"communication between the client and the server."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:13
|
|
msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:15
|
|
msgid "`Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"chat-async\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"futures-util = \"0.3.28\"\n"
|
|
"http = \"0.2.9\"\n"
|
|
"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n"
|
|
"tokio-websockets = \"0.3.2\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:32
|
|
msgid "The required APIs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and "
|
|
"[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/"
|
|
"tokio_websockets/). Spend a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the "
|
|
"API. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[WebsocketStream::next()](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.3.2/"
|
|
"tokio_websockets/proto/struct.WebsocketStream.html#method.next): for "
|
|
"asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/"
|
|
"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebsocketStream`: for "
|
|
"asynchronously sending messages on a Websocket Stream."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines."
|
|
"html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the "
|
|
"standard input."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/"
|
|
"struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:46
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Two binaries"
|
|
msgstr "러스트 바이너리"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main."
|
|
"rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one "
|
|
"for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo projects, "
|
|
"but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. "
|
|
"For this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` "
|
|
"(see the [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-"
|
|
"targets.html#binaries)). "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/"
|
|
"bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as "
|
|
"described below. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:59
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:123
|
|
msgid "`src/bin/server.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
|
|
"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn handle_connection(\n"
|
|
" addr: SocketAddr,\n"
|
|
" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
|
|
" bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
|
|
" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:208
|
|
msgid "`src/bin/client.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:106
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
"use http::Uri;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
|
|
"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
|
|
" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::"
|
|
"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n"
|
|
" .connect()\n"
|
|
" .await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
|
|
" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:127
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Running the binaries"
|
|
msgstr "강의 진행 방식"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:128
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Run the server with:"
|
|
msgstr "아래 명령어로 예제 코드를 실행하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:130
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"cargo run --bin server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:134
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "and the client with:"
|
|
msgstr "아래 명령어로 예제 코드를 실행하세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:136
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"cargo run --bin client\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:142
|
|
msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:143
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a "
|
|
"continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts "
|
|
"them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:146
|
|
msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:147
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently "
|
|
"performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and "
|
|
"sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and "
|
|
"displaying them for the user."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:151
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all "
|
|
"clients, but the sender of the message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and "
|
|
"that it was useful."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Comprehensive Rust 🦀를 이용해 주셔서 감사합니다. 즐겁고 유익한 시간이었기를 "
|
|
"바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not "
|
|
"perfect, so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, "
|
|
"please get in [contact with us on GitHub](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love to hear from you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"강의가 완벽하진 않으니 실수나 개선점이 있다면 언제든지 [깃허브](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions)로 연락주세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:1
|
|
msgid "Other Rust Resources"
|
|
msgstr "러스트 참고 자료"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources "
|
|
"online."
|
|
msgstr "러스트 커뮤니티는 온라인에서 고품질의 무료 소스를 만들었습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:6
|
|
msgid "Official Documentation"
|
|
msgstr "공식 문서들"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:8
|
|
msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"러스트 프로젝트에는 참조할 만한 자료가 많습니다. 일반적인 내용을 다루는 몇가"
|
|
"지 참고 문서들입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the "
|
|
"canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a "
|
|
"few projects for people to build."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): 러스트에 대"
|
|
"한 무료 표준 서적입니다. 언어에 대한 자세한 설명과 사람들이 빌드 할수 있는 몇"
|
|
"가지 프로젝트를 포함합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the "
|
|
"Rust syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. "
|
|
"Sometimes includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code "
|
|
"in the examples."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): 여러 예제를 통"
|
|
"해 러스트의 문법을 보여주며 때때로 코드를 확장하는 약간의 연습문제들이 포함되"
|
|
"어 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation "
|
|
"of the standard library for Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): 러스트 표준 라이브러"
|
|
"리 전체 문서입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete "
|
|
"book which describes the Rust grammar and memory model."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): 메모리 모델링과 "
|
|
"러스트 문법을 설명하는 문서입니다.(아직 불완전하다함)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:22
|
|
msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:"
|
|
msgstr "좀 더 전문적인 공식 가이드입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, "
|
|
"including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages "
|
|
"(FFI)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): 안전하지 않은 러스"
|
|
"트, FFI, raw포인터 작업을 다룹니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
|
|
"covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the "
|
|
"Rust Book was written."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
|
|
"러스트 북이 작성 된 이후 도입된 새로운 비동기 프로그래밍 모델을 다룹니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): "
|
|
"an introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating "
|
|
"system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): 운"
|
|
"영체제가 없는 임베디드 장치에서의 러스트 사용법을 소개합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:33
|
|
msgid "Unofficial Learning Material"
|
|
msgstr "비공식적 학습 자료"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:35
|
|
msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "러스트에 대한 기타 안내서와 튜토리얼의 일부입니다:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust "
|
|
"from the perspective of low-level C programmers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): C언어 프로그"
|
|
"래머 관점에서 러스트를 다룹니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
|
|
"rust_for_c/): covers Rust from the perspective of developers who write "
|
|
"firmware in C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
|
|
"rust_for_c/): 임베디드 C개발자(펌웨어 개발자)를 위한 러스트 가이드입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): "
|
|
"covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other "
|
|
"languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): 다"
|
|
"른 언어(C/C++, Java, Python, Javascript)와의 병렬비교를 사용하여 러스트 문법"
|
|
"을 다룹니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help "
|
|
"you learn Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 러스트를 배우는데 도움"
|
|
"이 되는 100개 이상의 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-"
|
|
"material/index.html): a series of small presentations covering both basic "
|
|
"and advanced part of the Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, "
|
|
"and async/await are also covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-"
|
|
"material/index.html): 러스트 언어의 기본부터 고급을 전부 다루는 일련의 작은 "
|
|
"프레젠테이션, 웹 어셈블리, async/await 같은 부분도 함께 다룹니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-"
|
|
"series-to-rust/) and [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs."
|
|
"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two Rust guides aimed at "
|
|
"new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the second is a set of "
|
|
"11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-"
|
|
"series-to-rust/), [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs.microsoft."
|
|
"com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): 첫번째는 35개의 시리즈 영상이며 두"
|
|
"번째는 러스트의 문법과 구조를 다루는 11개의 모듈 세트입니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:58
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial."
|
|
"github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth exploration of Rust's memory management "
|
|
"rules, through implementing a few different types of list structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial."
|
|
"github.io/too-many-lists/): 몇가지 유형의 리스트 자료구조를 구현해보면서 러스"
|
|
"트의 메모리 관리 규칙들을 깊이있게 탐색합니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) "
|
|
"for even more Rust books."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/)에서 더 많은 러스"
|
|
"트 북을 확인해보세요."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust "
|
|
"documentation. See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a "
|
|
"full list of useful resources."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"이 자료는 많은 훌륭한 러스트 문서들의 도움을 받아 작성되었습니다. 유용한 자료"
|
|
"의 전체 목록은 [other resources](other-resources.md)에서 살펴보시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache "
|
|
"2.0 license, please see [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust/blob/main/LICENSE) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Comprehensive Rust의 자료는 Apache 2.0 라이선스를 따릅니다. 자세한건 "
|
|
"[`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) 확인해 보시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:12
|
|
msgid "Rust by Example"
|
|
msgstr "Rust by Example"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by "
|
|
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the "
|
|
"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license "
|
|
"terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"일부 예제와 연습문제는 [Rust by Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-"
|
|
"example/)을 참조하였습니다. 라이선스 조항을 포함하여 저장소의 `third_party/"
|
|
"rust-by-example/` 폴더를 참조하시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:19
|
|
msgid "Rust on Exercism"
|
|
msgstr "Rust on Exercism"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://"
|
|
"exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` "
|
|
"directory for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"일부 연습문제는 [Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust)을 참조하"
|
|
"였습니다. 라이선스 조항을 포함하여 저장소의 `third_party/rust-on-exercism/`폴"
|
|
"더를 참조하시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:26
|
|
msgid "CXX"
|
|
msgstr "CXX"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section "
|
|
"uses an image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` "
|
|
"directory for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"4일차 오후 강의 중 [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp."
|
|
"md)에서는 [CXX](https://cxx.rs/)의 이미지를 사용하였습니다. 라이선스 조항을 "
|
|
"포함하여 저장소의 `third_party/cxx/`폴더를 참조하시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:3
|
|
msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages."
|
|
msgstr "연습문제의 해답은 다음 페이지에서 확인할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github."
|
|
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a "
|
|
"different or better solution than what is presented here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[깃허브](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions)에서 이에 "
|
|
"대해 자유롭게 질문하시고 더 나은 솔루션이 있다면 알려주시기 바랍니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label` "
|
|
"comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to re-"
|
|
"use parts of the solutions as the exercises."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"**참고:** `// ANCHOR: label`과 `// ANCHOR_END: label` 주석은 문제를 구성하기 "
|
|
"위한 메타 주석으로 무시하시면 됩니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "1일차 오전 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: transpose\n"
|
|
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n"
|
|
" let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
" for j in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
" result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" return result;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n"
|
|
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n"
|
|
" for row in matrix {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{row:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: tests\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_transpose() {\n"
|
|
" let matrix = [\n"
|
|
" [101, 102, 103], //\n"
|
|
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" transposed,\n"
|
|
" [\n"
|
|
" [101, 201, 301], //\n"
|
|
" [102, 202, 302],\n"
|
|
" [103, 203, 303],\n"
|
|
" ]\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: tests\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let matrix = [\n"
|
|
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78
|
|
msgid "Bonus question"
|
|
msgstr "보너스 문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-"
|
|
"of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our "
|
|
"function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the "
|
|
"return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"사실 이 문제는 고급 개념이 필요합니다. 슬라이스의 슬라이스(slice-of-slices, "
|
|
"`&[&[i32]]`)를 입력 타입으로 사용하면 모든 크기의 행렬을 처리할 수 있을것 같"
|
|
"습니다. 하지만 실제로 해보면 금방 안된다는 걸 알 수 있습니다. 반환값을 소유해"
|
|
"야 하기때문에 `&[&[i32]]` 반환 타입으로 사용할 수 없습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can attempt to use something like `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, but this doesn't work "
|
|
"out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec<Vec<i32>>` to "
|
|
"`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Vec<Vec<i32>>`와 같은 타입을 사용하려고 시도할 수도 있지만 역시 쉽게 되진 않"
|
|
"습니다. `Vec<Vec<i32>>` 타입을 `&[&[i32]]`로 변환하는 것이 어렵기 때문에 "
|
|
"`pretty_print`을 사용하는데 어려움이 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::"
|
|
"AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) trait to "
|
|
"abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"트레잇나 제네릭을 다루고 나면 [`std::convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) 트레잇을 사용하여 슬라이스처럼 사용될 수 있"
|
|
"는 타입을 추상화할 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"use std::convert::AsRef;\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::Debug;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn pretty_print<T, Line, Matrix>(matrix: Matrix)\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" T: Debug,\n"
|
|
" // A line references a slice of items\n"
|
|
" Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n"
|
|
" // A matrix references a slice of lines\n"
|
|
" Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
" for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // &[&[i32]]\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n"
|
|
" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n"
|
|
" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n"
|
|
" // Vec<Vec<i32>>\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of "
|
|
"the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"또한, 슬라이스 타입은 길이를 포함하지 않기 때문에 한 단계 아래의 슬라이스들"
|
|
"이 같은 길이임을 보장할 수 없습니다. 때문에 슬라이스 타입의 변수에는 잘못된 "
|
|
"행렬이 전달될 수 있습니다."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "1일차 오후 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "Designing a Library"
|
|
msgstr "도서관 설계"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"struct Library {\n"
|
|
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" year: u16,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Book {\n"
|
|
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
" Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
" year,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n"
|
|
"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
|
|
"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
|
|
"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
|
|
"impl Library {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_new\n"
|
|
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
|
|
" Library { books: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_len\n"
|
|
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
|
|
" fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" self.books.len()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
" fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" self.books.is_empty()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
" fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
" self.books.push(book)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n"
|
|
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and "
|
|
"year\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n"
|
|
" fn print_books(&self) {\n"
|
|
" for book in &self.books {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}, published in {}\", book.title, book.year);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
" fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
" // Using a closure and a built-in method:\n"
|
|
" // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Longer hand-written solution:\n"
|
|
" let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n"
|
|
" for book in self.books.iter() {\n"
|
|
" if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n"
|
|
" oldest = Some(book);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" oldest\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
|
|
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
|
|
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
|
|
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", library."
|
|
"is_empty());\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\", "
|
|
"library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
|
|
" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_len() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n"
|
|
" assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n"
|
|
" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_print_books() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n"
|
|
" // method to start with.\n"
|
|
" library.print_books();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
"1865));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "2일차 오전 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Point\n"
|
|
"pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Point\n"
|
|
" x: i32,\n"
|
|
" y: i32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n"
|
|
"impl Point {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n"
|
|
" pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" Point { x, y }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" (self - other).magnitude()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
" type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" x: self.x + other.x,\n"
|
|
" y: self.y + other.y,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n"
|
|
" type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" x: self.x - other.x,\n"
|
|
" y: self.y - other.y,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n"
|
|
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n"
|
|
" points: Vec<Point>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
"impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
" pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
|
|
" Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n"
|
|
" self.points.push(point);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
|
|
" self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
|
|
" self.points.iter()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" if self.points.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return 0.0;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut result = 0.0;\n"
|
|
" let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n"
|
|
" for point in &self.points[1..] {\n"
|
|
" result += last_point.dist(*point);\n"
|
|
" last_point = *point;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n"
|
|
" result\n"
|
|
" // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate over the points as "
|
|
"pairs\n"
|
|
" // but we need to pair each point with the next one, and the last "
|
|
"point\n"
|
|
" // with the first point. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as "
|
|
"one of \n"
|
|
" // the source iterators is finished, a neat trick is to combine "
|
|
"Iterator::cycle\n"
|
|
" // with Iterator::skip to create the second iterator for the zip and "
|
|
"using map \n"
|
|
" // and sum to calculate the total length.\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Circle\n"
|
|
"pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n"
|
|
" center: Point,\n"
|
|
" radius: i32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
"impl Circle {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
" pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
|
|
" Circle { center, radius }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Shape\n"
|
|
"pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
" Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
|
|
" fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
|
|
" fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Shape {\n"
|
|
" pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" match self {\n"
|
|
" Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
|
|
" Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
" let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
" .iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "2일차 오후 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: luhn\n"
|
|
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n"
|
|
" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n"
|
|
" let mut sum = 0;\n"
|
|
" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ')."
|
|
"enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n"
|
|
" Some(d) => {\n"
|
|
" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n"
|
|
" let dd = d * 2;\n"
|
|
" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" d\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" digits_seen += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" None => return false,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" if digits_seen < 2 {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" sum % 10 == 0\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\n"
|
|
" \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n"
|
|
" if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:99
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:101
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n"
|
|
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut request_segments = request_path.split('/');\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for prefix_segment in prefix.split('/') {\n"
|
|
" let Some(request_segment) = request_segments.next() else {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" if request_segment != prefix_segment && prefix_segment != \"*\" {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate simultaneously over "
|
|
"prefix\n"
|
|
" // and request segments. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as one "
|
|
"of\n"
|
|
" // the source iterators is finished, but we need to iterate over all "
|
|
"request\n"
|
|
" // segments. A neat trick that makes zip() work is to use map() and "
|
|
"chain()\n"
|
|
" // to produce an iterator that returns Some(str) for each pattern "
|
|
"segments,\n"
|
|
" // and then returns None indefinitely.\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
|
|
"abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
|
|
"books\"));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
|
|
"publishers\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
|
|
"publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "3일차 오전 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
" label: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Label {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
" Label {\n"
|
|
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label,\n"
|
|
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Button {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
" Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
" callback,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Window {\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
" Window {\n"
|
|
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
" self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
|
|
" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
|
|
" self.inner_width() + 4\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
" let mut inner = String::new();\n"
|
|
" for widget in &self.widgets {\n"
|
|
" widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
|
|
" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
|
|
" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"| {:^inner_width$} |\", &self.title).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+={:=<inner_width$}=+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" for line in inner.lines() {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"| {:inner_width$} |\", line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Button-width\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
|
|
" self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
" let width = self.width();\n"
|
|
" let mut label = String::new();\n"
|
|
" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" for line in label.lines() {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"|{:^width$}|\", &line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Label-width\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
|
|
" self.label\n"
|
|
" .lines()\n"
|
|
" .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
|
|
" .max()\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(0)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
|
|
"\")));\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
" \"Click me!\",\n"
|
|
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
|
|
" )));\n"
|
|
" window.draw();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "3일차 오후 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: ffi\n"
|
|
"mod ffi {\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
|
|
"PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t "
|
|
"and\n"
|
|
" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
|
|
" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
" pub d_off: c_long,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: c_uchar,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_fileno: u64,\n"
|
|
" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
|
|
" pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: u8,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\")))]\n"
|
|
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section "
|
|
"on\n"
|
|
" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
|
|
"refers\n"
|
|
" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and "
|
|
"PowerPC.\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n"
|
|
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" path: CString,\n"
|
|
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n"
|
|
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n"
|
|
" let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: "
|
|
"{err}\"))?;\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
|
|
" let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
" if dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
" Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
|
|
" let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n"
|
|
" if dirent.is_null() {\n"
|
|
" // We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
|
|
" return None;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
|
|
" // terminated.\n"
|
|
" let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
" let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n"
|
|
" Some(os_str.to_owned())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Drop\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n"
|
|
" if !self.dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
|
|
" if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n"
|
|
" panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
" use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"no-such-directory\");\n"
|
|
" assert!(iter.is_err());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_empty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
|
|
" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
|
|
" )?;\n"
|
|
" let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" entries.sort();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\"]);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
|
|
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo "
|
|
"Diaries\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"<PNG>\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
|
|
" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
|
|
" )?;\n"
|
|
" let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" entries.sort();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\", \"bar.png\", \"crab.rs\", \"foo."
|
|
"txt\"]);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Bare Metal Rust 오전 연습"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
|
|
"use core::cmp::{max, min};\n"
|
|
"use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n"
|
|
"use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::Timer;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::Board;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n"
|
|
"const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
|
|
" board.UARTE0,\n"
|
|
" board.uart.into(),\n"
|
|
" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
|
|
" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
" writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::"
|
|
"K100);\n"
|
|
" let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n"
|
|
" imu.init().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set up display and timer.\n"
|
|
" let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n"
|
|
" let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n"
|
|
" let mut button_pressed = false;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: loop\n"
|
|
" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: loop\n"
|
|
" while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n"
|
|
" && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n"
|
|
" {}\n"
|
|
" let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" serial,\n"
|
|
" \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n"
|
|
" compass_reading.x,\n"
|
|
" compass_reading.y,\n"
|
|
" compass_reading.z,\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.z,\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n"
|
|
" let (x, y) = match mode {\n"
|
|
" Mode::Compass => (\n"
|
|
" scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, "
|
|
"4) as usize,\n"
|
|
" scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, "
|
|
"4) as usize,\n"
|
|
" ),\n"
|
|
" Mode::Accelerometer => (\n"
|
|
" scale(\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
|
|
" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" 0,\n"
|
|
" 4,\n"
|
|
" ) as usize,\n"
|
|
" scale(\n"
|
|
" -accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
|
|
" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" 0,\n"
|
|
" 4,\n"
|
|
" ) as usize,\n"
|
|
" ),\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" image[y][x] = 255;\n"
|
|
" display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink "
|
|
"all LEDs on.\n"
|
|
" if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
" if !button_pressed {\n"
|
|
" mode = mode.next();\n"
|
|
" display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" button_pressed = true;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" button_pressed = false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
"enum Mode {\n"
|
|
" Compass,\n"
|
|
" Accelerometer,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Mode {\n"
|
|
" fn next(self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" match self {\n"
|
|
" Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n"
|
|
" Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -"
|
|
"> i32 {\n"
|
|
" let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n"
|
|
" let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n"
|
|
" cap(\n"
|
|
" min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n"
|
|
" min_out,\n"
|
|
" max_out,\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid "`main.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod logger;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
|
|
"mod pl031;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n"
|
|
"use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n"
|
|
"use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n"
|
|
"use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n"
|
|
"use core::hint::spin_loop;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: imports\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
|
|
"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: imports\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
"const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
"const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
"device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the "
|
|
"base\n"
|
|
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
|
|
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
|
|
" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, "
|
|
"GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" gic.setup();\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 "
|
|
"device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" let timestamp = rtc.read();\n"
|
|
" let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n"
|
|
" gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n"
|
|
" gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n"
|
|
" irq_enable();\n"
|
|
" gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n"
|
|
" let target = timestamp + 3;\n"
|
|
" rtc.set_match(target);\n"
|
|
" info!(\n"
|
|
" \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
|
|
" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" trace!(\n"
|
|
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
" rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" while !rtc.matched() {\n"
|
|
" spin_loop();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" trace!(\n"
|
|
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
" rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n"
|
|
" let target = timestamp + 6;\n"
|
|
" info!(\n"
|
|
" \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
|
|
" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" rtc.set_match(target);\n"
|
|
" rtc.clear_interrupt();\n"
|
|
" rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n"
|
|
" trace!(\n"
|
|
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
" rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n"
|
|
" wfi();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" trace!(\n"
|
|
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
" rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: main_end\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:149
|
|
msgid "`pl031.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:151
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
"struct Registers {\n"
|
|
" /// Data register\n"
|
|
" dr: u32,\n"
|
|
" /// Match register\n"
|
|
" mr: u32,\n"
|
|
" /// Load register\n"
|
|
" lr: u32,\n"
|
|
" /// Control register\n"
|
|
" cr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
|
|
" imsc: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
" ris: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
" mis: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
|
|
" icr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Rtc {\n"
|
|
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Rtc {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
|
|
" pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an "
|
|
"interrupt\n"
|
|
" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n"
|
|
" pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr).write_volatile(value) }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or "
|
|
"not\n"
|
|
" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n"
|
|
" pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris)."
|
|
"read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n"
|
|
" /// interrupt is masked.\n"
|
|
" pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis)."
|
|
"read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// interrupt is disabled.\n"
|
|
" pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n"
|
|
" let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc)."
|
|
"write_volatile(imsc) }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n"
|
|
" pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr).write_volatile(0x01) }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "3일차 오전 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Fork;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
|
|
" left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
" right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
" thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
"impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
" self.thoughts\n"
|
|
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
" fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n"
|
|
" .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..forks.len() {\n"
|
|
" let tx = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" let mut left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n"
|
|
" let mut right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()]);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
" // either of them.\n"
|
|
" if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n"
|
|
" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let philosopher = Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n"
|
|
" thoughts: tx,\n"
|
|
" left_fork,\n"
|
|
" right_fork,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
" philosopher.eat();\n"
|
|
" philosopher.think();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" drop(tx);\n"
|
|
" for thought in rx {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thought}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:104
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "멀티스레드 링크 검사기"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:106
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:108
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::{sync::Arc, sync::Mutex, sync::mpsc, thread};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n"
|
|
"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum Error {\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" BadResponse(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: visit_page\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct CrawlCommand {\n"
|
|
" url: Url,\n"
|
|
" extract_links: bool,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> Result<Vec<Url>, "
|
|
"Error> {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n"
|
|
" let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n"
|
|
" if !response.status().is_success() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" if !command.extract_links {\n"
|
|
" return Ok(link_urls);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
" let body_text = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
" let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let href_values = document\n"
|
|
" .select(&selector)\n"
|
|
" .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n"
|
|
" for href in href_values {\n"
|
|
" match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(link_url) => {\n"
|
|
" link_urls.push(link_url);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: "
|
|
"{err}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(link_urls)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: visit_page\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct CrawlState {\n"
|
|
" domain: String,\n"
|
|
" visited_pages: std::collections::HashSet<String>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl CrawlState {\n"
|
|
" fn new(start_url: &Url) -> CrawlState {\n"
|
|
" let mut visited_pages = std::collections::HashSet::new();\n"
|
|
" visited_pages.insert(start_url.as_str().to_string());\n"
|
|
" CrawlState {\n"
|
|
" domain: start_url.domain().unwrap().to_string(),\n"
|
|
" visited_pages,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n"
|
|
" fn should_extract_links(&self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" let Some(url_domain) = url.domain() else {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" url_domain == self.domain\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Mark the given page as visited, returning true if it had already\n"
|
|
" /// been visited.\n"
|
|
" fn mark_visited(&mut self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" self.visited_pages.insert(url.as_str().to_string())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"type CrawlResult = Result<Vec<Url>, (Url, Error)>;\n"
|
|
"fn spawn_crawler_threads(\n"
|
|
" command_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<CrawlCommand>,\n"
|
|
" result_sender: mpsc::Sender<CrawlResult>,\n"
|
|
" thread_count: u32,\n"
|
|
") {\n"
|
|
" let command_receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(command_receiver));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for _ in 0..thread_count {\n"
|
|
" let result_sender = result_sender.clone();\n"
|
|
" let command_receiver = command_receiver.clone();\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let client = Client::new();\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" let command_result = {\n"
|
|
" let receiver_guard = command_receiver.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" receiver_guard.recv()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" let Ok(crawl_command) = command_result else {\n"
|
|
" // The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n"
|
|
" break;\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" let crawl_result = match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) "
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
" Ok(link_urls) => Ok(link_urls),\n"
|
|
" Err(error) => Err((crawl_command.url, error)),\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" result_sender.send(crawl_result).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn control_crawl(\n"
|
|
" start_url: Url,\n"
|
|
" command_sender: mpsc::Sender<CrawlCommand>,\n"
|
|
" result_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<CrawlResult>,\n"
|
|
") -> Vec<Url> {\n"
|
|
" let mut crawl_state = CrawlState::new(&start_url);\n"
|
|
" let start_command = CrawlCommand { url: start_url, extract_links: "
|
|
"true };\n"
|
|
" command_sender.send(start_command).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let mut pending_urls = 1;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut bad_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" while pending_urls > 0 {\n"
|
|
" let crawl_result = result_receiver.recv().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" pending_urls -= 1;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" match crawl_result {\n"
|
|
" Ok(link_urls) => {\n"
|
|
" for url in link_urls {\n"
|
|
" if crawl_state.mark_visited(&url) {\n"
|
|
" let extract_links = crawl_state."
|
|
"should_extract_links(&url);\n"
|
|
" let crawl_command = CrawlCommand { url, "
|
|
"extract_links };\n"
|
|
" command_sender.send(crawl_command).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" pending_urls += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Err((url, error)) => {\n"
|
|
" bad_urls.push(url);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Got crawling error: {:#}\", error);\n"
|
|
" continue;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" bad_urls\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn check_links(start_url: Url) -> Vec<Url> {\n"
|
|
" let (result_sender, result_receiver) = mpsc::channel::<CrawlResult>();\n"
|
|
" let (command_sender, command_receiver) = mpsc::channel::"
|
|
"<CrawlCommand>();\n"
|
|
" spawn_crawler_threads(command_receiver, result_sender, 16);\n"
|
|
" control_crawl(start_url, command_sender, result_receiver)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let start_url = reqwest::Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\")."
|
|
"unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let bad_urls = check_links(start_url);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\", bad_urls);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "1일차 오후 연습문제"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Fork;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
|
|
" left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
" right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
" thoughts: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
"impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" async fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
" self.thoughts\n"
|
|
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))."
|
|
"await\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
" async fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
" // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
" let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n"
|
|
" // Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the "
|
|
"execution\n"
|
|
" // to transfer to another task\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n"
|
|
" let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-body\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-body\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // The locks are dropped here\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
" // Create forks\n"
|
|
" let mut forks = vec![];\n"
|
|
" (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::"
|
|
"new(Fork))));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create philosophers\n"
|
|
" let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n"
|
|
" let mut philosophers = vec![];\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
|
|
" for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" let left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n"
|
|
" let right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS."
|
|
"len()]);\n"
|
|
" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
" // either of them.\n"
|
|
" if i == 0 {\n"
|
|
" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: name.to_string(),\n"
|
|
" left_fork,\n"
|
|
" right_fork,\n"
|
|
" thoughts: tx.clone(),\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" (philosophers, rx)\n"
|
|
" // tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
" for phil in philosophers {\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
" phil.think().await;\n"
|
|
" phil.eat().await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
" while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Here is a thought: {thought}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:121
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:125
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
|
|
"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: handle_connection\n"
|
|
"async fn handle_connection(\n"
|
|
" addr: SocketAddr,\n"
|
|
" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
|
|
" bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: handle_connection\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ws_stream\n"
|
|
" .send(Message::text(\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\".into()))\n"
|
|
" .await?;\n"
|
|
" let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) "
|
|
"receiving\n"
|
|
" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n"
|
|
" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
|
|
" match incoming {\n"
|
|
" Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n"
|
|
" let msg = msg.as_text()?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"From client {addr:?} {msg:?}\");\n"
|
|
" bcast_tx.send(msg.into())?;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
" None => return Ok(()),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n"
|
|
" ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
|
|
" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:210
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
"use http::Uri;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
|
|
"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
|
|
" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::"
|
|
"from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n"
|
|
" .connect()\n"
|
|
" .await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
|
|
" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
" // Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
|
|
" match incoming {\n"
|
|
" Some(Ok(msg)) => println!(\"From server: {}\", msg."
|
|
"as_text()?),\n"
|
|
" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
" None => return Ok(()),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" res = stdin.next_line() => {\n"
|
|
" match res {\n"
|
|
" Ok(None) => return Ok(()),\n"
|
|
" Ok(Some(line)) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line."
|
|
"to_string())).await?,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|