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comprehensive-rust/po/it.po

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msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-01-24T11:55:41+01:00\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-10-25 10:17+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Ivan De Marino <ivan.de.marino@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: \n"
"Language: it\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 3.4\n"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:3 src/index.md:1
msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
msgstr "Benvenuti a Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:5 src/running-the-course.md:1
msgid "Running the Course"
msgstr "Esecuzione del corso"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:6 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1
msgid "Course Structure"
msgstr "Struttura del corso"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:7 src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1
msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts"
msgstr "Tasti rapidi"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:8 src/running-the-course/translations.md:1
msgid "Translations"
msgstr "Traduzioni"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:9 src/cargo.md:1
msgid "Using Cargo"
msgstr "Utilizzo di Cargo"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:10
msgid "Rust Ecosystem"
msgstr "Ecosistema di Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:11
msgid "Code Samples"
msgstr "Esempi di codice"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:12
msgid "Running Cargo Locally"
msgstr "Eseguire Cargo in locale"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:16
msgid "Day 1: Morning"
msgstr "Giorno 1: Mattino"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:18 src/SUMMARY.md:44 src/SUMMARY.md:70 src/SUMMARY.md:93
#: src/SUMMARY.md:119 src/SUMMARY.md:138 src/SUMMARY.md:158 src/SUMMARY.md:184
#: src/SUMMARY.md:207 src/SUMMARY.md:244 src/SUMMARY.md:286 src/SUMMARY.md:337
msgid "Welcome"
msgstr "Benvenuti"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:19 src/SUMMARY.md:21 src/hello-world.md:1
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Hello, World"
msgstr "Hello World!"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:20 src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:1
msgid "What is Rust?"
msgstr "Cos’è Rust?"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:22 src/hello-world/benefits.md:1
msgid "Benefits of Rust"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:23 src/hello-world/playground.md:1
msgid "Playground"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:24 src/types-and-values.md:1
msgid "Types and Values"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:25 src/types-and-values/variables.md:1
msgid "Variables"
msgstr "Variabili"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:26 src/types-and-values/values.md:1
msgid "Values"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:27 src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:1
msgid "Arithmetic"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:28 src/types-and-values/strings.md:1
msgid "Strings"
msgstr "Corde"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:29 src/types-and-values/inference.md:1
msgid "Type Inference"
msgstr "Inferenza del Tipo"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:30 src/types-and-values/exercise.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise: Fibonacci"
msgstr "Esercizio: Valutazione Espressione"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:31 src/SUMMARY.md:40 src/SUMMARY.md:51 src/SUMMARY.md:56
#: src/SUMMARY.md:64 src/SUMMARY.md:75 src/SUMMARY.md:82 src/SUMMARY.md:89
#: src/SUMMARY.md:103 src/SUMMARY.md:113 src/SUMMARY.md:129 src/SUMMARY.md:134
#: src/SUMMARY.md:144 src/SUMMARY.md:152 src/SUMMARY.md:164 src/SUMMARY.md:171
#: src/SUMMARY.md:180 src/SUMMARY.md:192 src/SUMMARY.md:201
#: src/types-and-values/solution.md:1 src/control-flow-basics/solution.md:1
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:1 src/references/solution.md:1
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:1 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:1
#: src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:1 src/generics/solution.md:1
#: src/std-types/solution.md:1 src/std-traits/solution.md:1
#: src/memory-management/solution.md:1 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:1
#: src/borrowing/solution.md:1 src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:1
#: src/iterators/solution.md:1 src/modules/solution.md:1
#: src/testing/solution.md:1 src/error-handling/solution.md:1
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Solution"
msgstr "Soluzioni"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:32 src/control-flow-basics.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Control Flow Basics"
msgstr "Flusso di Controllo"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:33 src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:1
msgid "Conditionals"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:34 src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Loops"
msgstr "cicli `for`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:1
msgid "`break` and `continue`"
msgstr "`break` e `continue`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:36 src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:1
msgid "Blocks and Scopes"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:37 src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:1
msgid "Functions"
msgstr "Funzioni"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:38 src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:1
msgid "Macros"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:39 src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Collatz Sequence"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:42
msgid "Day 1: Afternoon"
msgstr "Giorno 1: Pomeriggio"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:45 src/SUMMARY.md:46 src/tuples-and-arrays.md:1
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:1
msgid "Tuples and Arrays"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:47 src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Array Iteration"
msgstr "Iteratore (Iterator)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:48 src/SUMMARY.md:71 src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:1
#: src/pattern-matching.md:1
msgid "Pattern Matching"
msgstr "Pattern Matching"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:49 src/SUMMARY.md:72 src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:1
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Destructuring"
msgstr "Destrutturazione di Enum"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:50 src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Nested Arrays"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:52 src/references.md:1
msgid "References"
msgstr "Riferimenti"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:53 src/references/shared.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Shared References"
msgstr "Riferimenti"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:54 src/references/exclusive.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exclusive References"
msgstr "Riferimenti pendenti"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:55 src/references/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Geometry"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:57 src/user-defined-types.md:1
msgid "User-Defined Types"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:58 src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Named Structs"
msgstr "Strutture (Struct)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:59 src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:5
msgid "Tuple Structs"
msgstr "Strutture a Tupla (Tuple Structs)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:60 src/user-defined-types/enums.md:1
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:24
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:67
msgid "Enums"
msgstr "Enumerazioni (Enums)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:61 src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Static and Const"
msgstr "static & const"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:62 src/user-defined-types/aliases.md:1
msgid "Type Aliases"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:63 src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise: Elevator Events"
msgstr "Esercizio: Valutazione Espressione"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:68
msgid "Day 2: Morning"
msgstr "Giorno 2: Mattina"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:73 src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let Control Flow"
msgstr "Flusso di Controllo"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:74 src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Expression Evaluation"
msgstr "Esercizio: Valutazione Espressione"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:76 src/methods-and-traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Methods and Traits"
msgstr "Read e Write"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:77 src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:1
msgid "Methods"
msgstr "Metodi"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:78 src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:1
msgid "Traits"
msgstr "Traits"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:79 src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Deriving"
msgstr "Tratti derivati"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:80 src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:1
msgid "Trait Objects"
msgstr "Oggetti che implementano Trait (Trait Objects)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:81 src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Generic Logger"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:83 src/generics.md:1
msgid "Generics"
msgstr "Generics"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/generics/generic-functions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Generic Functions"
msgstr "Funzioni Esterne (Extern)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:85 src/generics/generic-data.md:1
msgid "Generic Data Types"
msgstr "Tipi di dati Generic"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:86 src/generics/trait-bounds.md:1
msgid "Trait Bounds"
msgstr "Trait Bounds"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:87 src/generics/impl-trait.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`impl Trait`"
msgstr "`Impl Tratto`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:88 src/generics/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Generic `min`"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:91
msgid "Day 2: Afternoon"
msgstr "Giorno 2: Pomeriggio"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:94 src/std-types.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Standard Library Types"
msgstr "Libreria standard"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:95 src/std-types/std.md:1
msgid "Standard Library"
msgstr "Libreria standard"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:96 src/std-types/docs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Documentation"
msgstr "Test nella documentazione"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:97
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Option`"
msgstr "`Durata`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:98
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Result`"
msgstr "`Opzione`, `Risultato`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:99 src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "`String`"
msgstr "Stringa (String)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:100 src/std-types/vec.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Vec`"
msgstr "`Vec`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:101 src/std-types/hashmap.md:1 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "`HashMap`"
msgstr "`Mappa hash`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:102 src/std-types/exercise.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise: Counter"
msgstr "Esercizi"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:104 src/std-traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Standard Library Traits"
msgstr "Libreria standard"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:105 src/std-traits/comparisons.md:1 src/async.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "Comparisons"
msgstr "Comparazione"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:106 src/std-traits/operators.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Operators"
msgstr "Iteratori"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:107 src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`From` and `Into`"
msgstr "`Da` e `Into`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:108 src/std-traits/casting.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Casting"
msgstr "Testare"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:109 src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Read` and `Write`"
msgstr "`Leggi` e `Scrivi`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:110
msgid "`Default`, struct update syntax"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:111 src/std-traits/closures.md:1
msgid "Closures"
msgstr "Closures"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:112 src/std-traits/exercise.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise: ROT13"
msgstr "Esercizi"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:117
msgid "Day 3: Morning"
msgstr "Giorno 3: Mattina"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:120 src/memory-management.md:1
msgid "Memory Management"
msgstr "Gestione della Memoria"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:121 src/memory-management/review.md:1
msgid "Review of Program Memory"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:122 src/memory-management/approaches.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Approaches to Memory Management"
msgstr "Gestione automatica della Memoria"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:123 src/memory-management/ownership.md:1
msgid "Ownership"
msgstr "Proprietà"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:124 src/memory-management/move.md:1
msgid "Move Semantics"
msgstr "Semantica di move"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:125
msgid "`Clone`"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:126 src/memory-management/copy-types.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Copy Types"
msgstr "Tipi Composti"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:127
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Drop`"
msgstr "Rilascio (Drop)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:128 src/memory-management/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Builder Type"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:130 src/smart-pointers.md:1
msgid "Smart Pointers"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:131 src/smart-pointers/box.md:1
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Box<T>`"
msgstr "`Scatola`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:132 src/smart-pointers/rc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Rc`"
msgstr "`Rc`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:133 src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Binary Tree"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:136
msgid "Day 3: Afternoon"
msgstr "Giorno 3: Pomeriggio"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:139 src/borrowing.md:1
msgid "Borrowing"
msgstr "Prestito (Borrowing)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:140 src/borrowing/shared.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Borrowing a Value"
msgstr "Prestito (Borrowing)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:141 src/borrowing/borrowck.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Borrow Checking"
msgstr "Prestito (Borrowing)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:142 src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Interior Mutability"
msgstr "Interoperabilità"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:143 src/borrowing/exercise.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise: Health Statistics"
msgstr "Salute (Health) Statistics"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:145 src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Slices and Lifetimes"
msgstr "Lifetime"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:146
#, fuzzy
msgid "Slices: `&[T]`"
msgstr "Slice"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:147 src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "String References"
msgstr "Riferimenti pendenti"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:148 src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Lifetime Annotations"
msgstr "Lifetime in Chiamate a Funzione"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:149
#, fuzzy
msgid "Lifetime Elision"
msgstr "Lifetime"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:150
#, fuzzy
msgid "Struct Lifetimes"
msgstr "Lifetime"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:151 src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Protobuf Parsing"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:156
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 4: Morning"
msgstr "Giorno 1: Mattino"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:159 src/iterators.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Iterators"
msgstr "Iteratori"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:160 src/iterators/iterator.md:5 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Iterator`"
msgstr "`Iteratore`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:161 src/iterators/intoiterator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`IntoIterator`"
msgstr "`IntoIterator`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:162
#, fuzzy
msgid "`FromIterator`"
msgstr "FromIterator"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:163 src/iterators/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:165 src/SUMMARY.md:166 src/modules.md:1
#: src/modules/modules.md:1
msgid "Modules"
msgstr "Moduli"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:167 src/modules/filesystem.md:1
msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy"
msgstr "Gerarchia del filesystem"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:168 src/modules/visibility.md:1
msgid "Visibility"
msgstr "Visibilità"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:169
msgid "`use`, `super`, `self`"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:170 src/modules/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:172 src/SUMMARY.md:253 src/testing.md:1
#: src/chromium/testing.md:1
msgid "Testing"
msgstr "Testare"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:173
msgid "Test Modules"
msgstr "Moduli (Module) di Test"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:174 src/testing/other.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Other Types of Tests"
msgstr "Altri progetti"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:175 src/SUMMARY.md:321 src/testing/useful-crates.md:1
msgid "Useful Crates"
msgstr "Crates Utili"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:176 src/testing/googletest.md:1
msgid "GoogleTest"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:177 src/testing/mocking.md:1
msgid "Mocking"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:178 src/testing/lints.md:1
msgid "Compiler Lints and Clippy"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:179 src/testing/exercise.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise: Luhn Algorithm"
msgstr "Algoritmo di Luhn"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:182
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 4: Afternoon"
msgstr "Giorno 1: Pomeriggio"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:185 src/error-handling.md:1
msgid "Error Handling"
msgstr "Gestione degli errori"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:186 src/error-handling/panics.md:1
msgid "Panics"
msgstr "Panico (Panics)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:187 src/error-handling/try.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Try Operator"
msgstr "Iteratore (Iterator)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:188 src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Try Conversions"
msgstr "Conversione implicita"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:189
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Error` Trait"
msgstr "`Errore`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:190 src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`thiserror` and `anyhow`"
msgstr "`Da` e `Into`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:191
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with `Result`"
msgstr "Gestione strutturata degli errori con `Result`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:193 src/unsafe-rust.md:1 src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:1
msgid "Unsafe Rust"
msgstr "Unsafe Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:194
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unsafe"
msgstr "Unsafe Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:195 src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:1
msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
msgstr "Dereferenziamento dei Puntatori (Pointers) Grezzi (Raw)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:196 src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:1
msgid "Mutable Static Variables"
msgstr "Variabili Statiche Mutabili"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:1
msgid "Unions"
msgstr "Unioni"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:198 src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "Chiamare Funzioni Unsafe"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:199
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unsafe Traits"
msgstr "Implementare Unsafe Traits"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:200
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise: FFI Wrapper"
msgstr "Safe FFI Wrapper"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:203 src/SUMMARY.md:327 src/bare-metal/android.md:1
msgid "Android"
msgstr "Android"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:208 src/SUMMARY.md:245 src/android/setup.md:1
#: src/chromium/setup.md:1
msgid "Setup"
msgstr "Setup"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:209 src/SUMMARY.md:248 src/android/build-rules.md:1
msgid "Build Rules"
msgstr "Regole (Rules) di Build"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:210
msgid "Binary"
msgstr "Binario"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:211
msgid "Library"
msgstr "Libreria (Library)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:212 src/android/aidl.md:1
msgid "AIDL"
msgstr "AIDL"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:213
msgid "Interface"
msgstr "Interfaccia"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:214
msgid "Implementation"
msgstr "Implementazione"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:215
msgid "Server"
msgstr "Server"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:216 src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1
msgid "Deploy"
msgstr "Deploy"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:217
msgid "Client"
msgstr "Client"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:218 src/android/aidl/changing.md:1
msgid "Changing API"
msgstr "Cambiare API"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:219 src/SUMMARY.md:317 src/android/logging.md:1
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1
msgid "Logging"
msgstr "Logging"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:220 src/android/interoperability.md:1
msgid "Interoperability"
msgstr "Interoperabilità"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:221
msgid "With C"
msgstr "Con C"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:222
msgid "Calling C with Bindgen"
msgstr "Invocare C con Bindgen"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:223
msgid "Calling Rust from C"
msgstr "Invocare Rust da C"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:224 src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1
msgid "With C++"
msgstr "Con C++"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:225 src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Bridge Module"
msgstr "Moduli (Module) di Test"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:226
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust Bridge"
msgstr "Binari Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:227 src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md:1
msgid "Generated C++"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:228
msgid "C++ Bridge"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:229 src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Shared Types"
msgstr "Tipi Scalari"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:230 src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md:1
msgid "Shared Enums"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:231 src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust Error Handling"
msgstr "Gestione degli errori"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:232 src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "C++ Error Handling"
msgstr "Gestione degli errori"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:233 src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:1
msgid "Additional Types"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:234
msgid "Building for Android: C++"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:235
msgid "Building for Android: Genrules"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:236
msgid "Building for Android: Rust"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:237
msgid "With Java"
msgstr "Con Java"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:238 src/SUMMARY.md:300 src/SUMMARY.md:329 src/SUMMARY.md:351
#: src/SUMMARY.md:373 src/exercises/android/morning.md:1
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1
msgid "Exercises"
msgstr "Esercizi"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:240
msgid "Chromium"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:246 src/chromium/cargo.md:1
msgid "Comparing Chromium and Cargo Ecosystems"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:247
msgid "Policy"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:249
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unsafe Code"
msgstr "Unsafe Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:250 src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md:1
msgid "Depending on Rust Code from Chromium C++"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:251 src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:1
msgid "Visual Studio Code"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:252 src/SUMMARY.md:257 src/SUMMARY.md:265 src/SUMMARY.md:278
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise"
msgstr "Esercizi"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:254 src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md:1
msgid "`rust_gtest_interop` Library"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:255 src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md:1
msgid "GN Rules for Rust Tests"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:256 src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:1
msgid "`chromium::import!` Macro"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:258 src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Interoperability with C++"
msgstr "Interoperabilità con C"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:259
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Example Bindings"
msgstr "Esempi"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:260
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:1
msgid "Limitations of CXX"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:261
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "CXX Error Handling"
msgstr "Gestione degli errori"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:262
#, fuzzy
msgid "Error Handling: QR Example"
msgstr "Gestione degli errori"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:263
#, fuzzy
msgid "Error Handling: PNG Example"
msgstr "Gestione degli errori"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:264
msgid "Using CXX in Chromium"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:266 src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:1
msgid "Adding Third Party Crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:267
msgid "Configuring Cargo.toml"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:268
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:1
msgid "Configuring `gnrt_config.toml`"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:269
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:1
msgid "Downloading Crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:270
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:1
msgid "Generating `gn` Build Rules"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:271
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:1
msgid "Resolving Problems"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:272
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md:1
msgid "Build Scripts Which Generate Code"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:273
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:1
msgid "Build Scripts Which Build C++ or Take Arbitrary Actions"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:274
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:1
msgid "Depending on a Crate"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:275
msgid "Reviews and Audits"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:276
msgid "Checking into Chromium Source Code"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:277
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md:1
msgid "Keeping Crates Up to Date"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:279
msgid "Bringing It Together - Exercise"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:280 src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise Solutions"
msgstr "Soluzioni"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:282
msgid "Bare Metal: Morning"
msgstr "Bare Metal: Mattino"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:287 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`no_std`"
msgstr "`no_std`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:288
msgid "A Minimal Example"
msgstr "Un Esempio Minimo"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:289 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`alloc`"
msgstr "`alloc`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:290 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1
msgid "Microcontrollers"
msgstr "Microcontroller"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:291 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1
msgid "Raw MMIO"
msgstr "Raw MMIO"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:292
msgid "PACs"
msgstr "PAC"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:293
msgid "HAL Crates"
msgstr "HAL Crates"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:294
msgid "Board Support Crates"
msgstr "Crate di supporto per Board"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:295
msgid "The Type State Pattern"
msgstr "Il modello (Pattern) di Type State"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:296 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`embedded-hal`"
msgstr "`hal incorporato`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:297 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`probe-rs` and `cargo-embed`"
msgstr "`probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:298 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1
msgid "Debugging"
msgstr "Debugging"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:299 src/SUMMARY.md:320
msgid "Other Projects"
msgstr "Altri Progetti"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:301 src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3
msgid "Compass"
msgstr "Bussola"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:302 src/SUMMARY.md:331 src/SUMMARY.md:354 src/SUMMARY.md:376
msgid "Solutions"
msgstr "Soluzioni"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:304
msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon"
msgstr "Bare Metal: Pomeriggio"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:306
msgid "Application Processors"
msgstr "Processori di Applicazioni"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:307 src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:1
msgid "Getting Ready to Rust"
msgstr "Preparativi per lavorare con Rust"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:308
msgid "Inline Assembly"
msgstr "Inline Assembly"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:309
msgid "MMIO"
msgstr "MMIO"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:310
msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver"
msgstr "Scriviamo un driver UART"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:311
msgid "More Traits"
msgstr "Traits addizionali"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:312
msgid "A Better UART Driver"
msgstr "Un migliore driver UART"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:313 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1
msgid "Bitflags"
msgstr "Bitflag"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:314
msgid "Multiple Registers"
msgstr "Registri multipli"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:315 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1
msgid "Driver"
msgstr "Driver"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:316 src/SUMMARY.md:318
msgid "Using It"
msgstr "Usandolo"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:319 src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:1
msgid "Exceptions"
msgstr "Eccezioni"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:322 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`zerocopy`"
msgstr "`zerocopia`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:323 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`aarch64-paging`"
msgstr "`aarch64-paging`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:324 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`"
msgstr "`buddy_system_allocator`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:325 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`tinyvec`"
msgstr "`tinyvec`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:326 src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`spin`"
msgstr "`gira`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:328
#, fuzzy
msgid "`vmbase`"
msgstr "vmbase"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:330
msgid "RTC Driver"
msgstr "Driver RTC"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:333
msgid "Concurrency: Morning"
msgstr "Concorrenza: Mattino"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:338 src/concurrency/threads.md:1
msgid "Threads"
msgstr "Threads"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:339 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1
msgid "Scoped Threads"
msgstr "Thread con Scope (Scoped Threads)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:340 src/concurrency/channels.md:1
msgid "Channels"
msgstr "Canali (Channels)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:341 src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1
msgid "Unbounded Channels"
msgstr "Canali illimitati (Unbounded Channels)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:342 src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1
msgid "Bounded Channels"
msgstr "Canali delimitati (Bounded Channels)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:343 src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Send` and `Sync`"
msgstr "`Invia` e `Sincronizza`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:344 src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Send`"
msgstr "`Invia`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:345 src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Sync`"
msgstr "`Sincronizza`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:346 src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1
msgid "Examples"
msgstr "Esempi"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:347 src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1
msgid "Shared State"
msgstr "Stato Condiviso"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:348 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Arc`"
msgstr "`Arco`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:349 src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Mutex`"
msgstr "`Mutex`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:350 src/memory-management/review.md:16
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:23
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1
msgid "Example"
msgstr "Esempio"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:352 src/SUMMARY.md:374
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3
msgid "Dining Philosophers"
msgstr "Filosofi a tavola"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:353 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1
msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker"
msgstr "Correttore di Link a Thread multipli"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:356
msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon"
msgstr "Concorrenza: Pomeriggio"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:358
msgid "Async Basics"
msgstr "Nozioni di base sulla programmazione Async (asincrona)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:359 src/async/async-await.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "`async`/`await`"
msgstr "`asincrono`/`aspetta`"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:360 src/async/futures.md:1
msgid "Futures"
msgstr "Futures"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:361 src/async/runtimes.md:1
msgid "Runtimes"
msgstr "Esecutori"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:362 src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1
msgid "Tokio"
msgstr "Tokio"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:363 src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:127
#: src/async/tasks.md:1 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:143
msgid "Tasks"
msgstr "Compiti (Tasks)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:364 src/async/channels.md:1
msgid "Async Channels"
msgstr "Canali asincroni (Async Channels)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:365
msgid "Control Flow"
msgstr "Flusso di Controllo"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:366 src/async/control-flow/join.md:1
msgid "Join"
msgstr "Giunzione (Join)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:367 src/async/control-flow/select.md:1
msgid "Select"
msgstr "Selezione (Select)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:368
msgid "Pitfalls"
msgstr "Insidie"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:369
msgid "Blocking the Executor"
msgstr "Blocco dell’Esecutore"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:370 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1
msgid "`Pin`"
msgstr ""
#: src/SUMMARY.md:371 src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1
msgid "Async Traits"
msgstr "Trait asincroni (Async Trait)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:372 src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:1
msgid "Cancellation"
msgstr "Cancellazione (cancellation)"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:375 src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:95
msgid "Broadcast Chat Application"
msgstr "Applicazione Chat-Broadcast"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:378
msgid "Final Words"
msgstr "Parole finali"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:382 src/thanks.md:1
msgid "Thanks!"
msgstr "Grazie!"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:383 src/glossary.md:1
msgid "Glossary"
msgstr "Glossario"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:384
msgid "Other Resources"
msgstr "Altre risorse"
#: src/SUMMARY.md:385 src/credits.md:1
msgid "Credits"
msgstr "Crediti"
#: src/index.md:3
msgid ""
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!"
"[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields."
"io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github."
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)"
msgstr ""
#: src/index.md:7
msgid ""
"This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The "
"course covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced "
"topics like generics and error handling."
msgstr ""
"Questo è un corso Rust di tre giorni sviluppato dal team Android. Il corso "
"copre l'intero spettro di conoscenze su Rust, dalla sintassi di base ad "
"argomenti avanzati come i generici e gestione degli errori. Nell’ultimo "
"giorno include anche contenuti specifici per Android."
#: src/index.md:11
msgid ""
"The latest version of the course can be found at <https://google.github.io/"
"comprehensive-rust/>. If you are reading somewhere else, please check there "
"for updates."
msgstr ""
#: src/index.md:15
msgid ""
"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know "
"anything about Rust and hope to:"
msgstr ""
"L'obiettivo del corso è insegnarti Rust. Partiamo dal presupposto che tu non "
"sappia nulla su Rust e spero di:"
#: src/index.md:18
msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language."
msgstr ""
"Fornire una comprensione completa della sintassi e del linguaggio di Rust."
#: src/index.md:19
msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust."
msgstr ""
"Consentono di modificare i programmi esistenti e scrivere nuovi programmi in "
"Rust."
#: src/index.md:20
msgid "Show you common Rust idioms."
msgstr "Mostra i comuni idiomi di Rust."
#: src/index.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "We call the first four course days Rust Fundamentals."
msgstr "Ci riferiamo ai primi tre giorni di corso come “Fondamenti di Rust”."
#: src/index.md:24
msgid ""
"Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:"
msgstr ""
"I primi tre giorni ti mostrano i fondamenti di Rust. A seguito di questo, "
"sei invitato ad approfondire uno o più argomenti specialistici:"
#: src/index.md:26
msgid ""
"[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform "
"development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
msgstr ""
"[Android](android.md): un corso di mezza giornata sull'utilizzo della "
"piattaforma Rust per Android sviluppo (AOSP). Ciò include l'interoperabilità "
"con C, C++ e Java."
#: src/index.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Chromium](chromium.md): a half-day course on using Rust within Chromium "
"based browsers. This includes interoperability with C++ and how to include "
"third-party crates in Chromium."
msgstr ""
"[Android](android.md): un corso di mezza giornata sull'utilizzo della "
"piattaforma Rust per Android sviluppo (AOSP). Ciò include l'interoperabilità "
"con C, C++ e Java."
#: src/index.md:31
msgid ""
"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal "
"(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are "
"covered."
msgstr ""
"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): una lezione di un'intera giornata sull'utilizzo "
"di Rust per bare-metal sviluppo (incorporato). Lo sono sia i "
"microcontrollori che i processori applicativi coperto."
#: src/index.md:34
msgid ""
"[Concurrency](concurrency.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in Rust. We "
"cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and "
"mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using "
"futures)."
msgstr ""
"[Concurrency](concurrency.md): una lezione di un'intera giornata sulla "
"concorrenza in Rust. Noi coprire sia la concorrenza classica (pianificazione "
"preventiva utilizzando thread e mutextes) e async/await concurrency "
"(multitasking cooperativo tramite futuri)."
#: src/index.md:38
msgid "Non-Goals"
msgstr "Non goal"
#: src/index.md:40
msgid ""
"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few "
"days. Some non-goals of this course are:"
msgstr ""
"Rust è un linguaggio vasto e non saremo in grado di coprirlo tutto in pochi "
"giorni. Alcuni non-obiettivi di questo corso sono:"
#: src/index.md:43
msgid ""
"Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by Example]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
msgstr ""
"Imparare come sviluppare le macro, per favore vedi ['Rust Book' (Capitolo "
"19.5)](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) e [Rust by "
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html)."
#: src/index.md:48
msgid "Assumptions"
msgstr "Ipotesi"
#: src/index.md:50
msgid ""
"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a "
"statically-typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and "
"C++ to better explain or contrast the Rust approach."
msgstr ""
"Il corso presuppone che tu sappia già programmare. Rust è un linguaggio "
"“tipato staticamente” (statically-typed) e talvolta faremo confronti con C e "
"C++ per meglio spiegare o contrastare l'approccio di Rust."
#: src/index.md:54
msgid ""
"If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or "
"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too."
msgstr ""
"Se sai come programmare in un linguaggio tipizzato dinamicamente come Python "
"o JavaScript, allora sarai anche in grado di seguire bene."
#: src/index.md:59
msgid ""
"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional "
"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor "
"should cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class."
msgstr ""
"Questo è un esempio di _nota del relatore_. Useremo questi per aggiungere "
"ulteriori informazioni alle diapositive. Questi potrebbero essere punti "
"chiave che l'istruttore dovrebbe copertina così come le risposte alle "
"domande tipiche che sorgono in classe."
#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3
msgid "This page is for the course instructor."
msgstr "Questa pagina è per l'istruttore del corso."
#: src/running-the-course.md:5
msgid ""
"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the "
"course internally at Google."
msgstr ""
"Ecco alcune informazioni di base su come abbiamo condotto il corso "
"internamente a Google."
#: src/running-the-course.md:8
msgid ""
"We typically run classes from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, with a 1 hour lunch break "
"in the middle. This leaves 3 hours for the morning class and 3 hours for the "
"afternoon class. Both sessions contain multiple breaks and time for students "
"to work on exercises."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course.md:13
msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:"
msgstr "Prima di eseguire il corso, vorrai:"
#: src/running-the-course.md:15
msgid ""
"Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker "
"notes to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more "
"speaker notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker "
"notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker "
"Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class."
msgstr ""
"Acquisisci familiarità con il materiale del corso. Abbiamo incluso le note "
"del relatore per aiutare a evidenziare i punti chiave (per favore aiutateci "
"contribuendo alle note!). Durante la presentazione, assicurati di aprire le "
"note del relatore in formato una finestra popup (fare clic sul collegamento "
"con una piccola freccia accanto a \"Note del relatore\"). In questo modo hai "
"uno schermo pulito da presentare alla classe."
#: src/running-the-course.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Decide on the dates. Since the course takes four days, we recommend that you "
"schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants have said that they "
"find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process all "
"the information we give them."
msgstr ""
"Seleziona le date. Poiché il corso richiede almeno 3 giorni interi, "
"raccomandiamo che tu prenoti i giorni del corso distribuendoli su due "
"settimane. Studenti del corso ci hanno comunicato di trovare utile avere gap "
"tra i giorni del corso, perché aiuta a processare tutte le informazioni che "
"gli vengono fornite."
#: src/running-the-course.md:26
msgid ""
"Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a "
"class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable "
"asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have "
"time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself "
"and for the students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your "
"laptops. In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an "
"instructor, so a lectern won't be very helpful for you."
msgstr ""
"Trova una stanza abbastanza grande per i tuoi partecipanti in presenza. "
"Consigliamo un dimensione della classe di 15-25 persone. È abbastanza "
"piccola da permettere alle persone di sentirsi a proprio agio nel fare "
"domande — è anche abbastanza piccola che un istruttore avrà tempo per "
"rispondere alle domande. Assicurati che la stanza abbia _scrivanie_ per te e "
"per il studenti: dovrete essere tutti in grado di sedervi e lavorare con i "
"vostri laptop. In particolare, scriverai molto codice dal vivo come "
"istruttore, quindi un leggio non sarebbe molto utile."
#: src/running-the-course.md:34
msgid ""
"On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things "
"up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your "
"laptop (see the [installation instructions](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust#building)). This ensures optimal performance with no lag "
"as you change pages. Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as "
"you or the course participants spot them."
msgstr ""
"Il giorno del corso, presentati in aula un po’ prima per sistemarla ed "
"organizzarla. Ti consigliamo di presentare direttamente utilizzando `mdbook "
"serve` in esecuzione sul tuo laptop (vedi le [istruzioni di installazione]"
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust#building)). Ciò garantisce "
"prestazioni ottimali senza ritardi quando si cambia pagina. L’uso del tuo "
"laptop ti consentirà anche di correggere errori di battitura, se tu o i "
"partecipanti ne individuate."
#: src/running-the-course.md:40
msgid ""
"Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We "
"typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the "
"afternoon (including time to review the solutions). Make sure to ask people "
"if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When you see "
"that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class and "
"offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant "
"information in the standard library."
msgstr ""
"Lascia che le persone risolvano gli esercizi da sole o in piccoli gruppi. "
"Solitamente noi spendiamo 30-45 minuti facendo esercizi al mattino e nel "
"pomeriggio (includendo il tempo per revisionare le soluzioni). Assicurati di "
"chiedere alle persone se sono bloccate o se c’è qualcosa in cui puoi "
"aiutarle. Quando vedi che diverse persone hanno lo stesso problema, "
"segnalalo alla classe e offri una soluzione, ad esempio mostrando alle "
"persone dove trovare le informazioni pertinenti nella libreria standard."
#: src/running-the-course.md:48
msgid ""
"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun "
"for you as it has been for us!"
msgstr ""
"Questo è tutto, buona fortuna con il corso! Speriamo che sarà altrettanto "
"divertente per te come lo è stato per noi!"
#: src/running-the-course.md:51
msgid ""
"Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We "
"would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made better. "
"Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback](https://github.com/"
"google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!"
msgstr ""
"Si prega di [fornire feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"discussions/86) in seguito in modo che possiamo continuare a migliorare il "
"corso. Ci piacerebbe sapere cosa ha funzionato bene per te e cosa si può "
"fare Meglio. Anche i tuoi studenti sono i benvenuti a [inviarci feedback]"
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5
msgid "Rust Fundamentals"
msgstr "Fondamenti di Rust"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7
msgid ""
"The first four days make up [Rust Fundamentals](../welcome-day-1.md). The "
"days are fast paced and we cover a lot of ground!"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Course schedule:"
msgstr "Struttura del corso"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11
msgid "Day 1 Morning (3 hours, including breaks)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:12
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-1.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13
msgid "[Hello, World](../hello-world.md) (20 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:14
msgid "[Types and Values](../types-and-values.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:15
msgid "[Control Flow Basics](../control-flow-basics.md) (1 hour)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon (2 hours and 55 minutes, including breaks)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:17
msgid "[Tuples and Arrays](../tuples-and-arrays.md) (1 hour)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18
msgid "[References](../references.md) (50 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:19
msgid "[User-Defined Types](../user-defined-types.md) (50 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:20
msgid "Day 2 Morning (3 hours and 5 minutes, including breaks)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:21
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-2.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Pattern Matching](../pattern-matching.md) (50 minutes)"
msgstr ""
"Vedi [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) per maggiori dettagli sui "
"pattern in Rust."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:23
msgid "[Methods and Traits](../methods-and-traits.md) (55 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:24
msgid "[Generics](../generics.md) (45 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon (3 hours, including breaks)"
msgstr "Giorno 2 Esercizi pomeridiani"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:26
msgid "[Standard Library Types](../std-types.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27
msgid "[Standard Library Traits](../std-traits.md) (1 hour and 40 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:28
msgid "Day 3 Morning (2 hours and 15 minutes, including breaks)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:29
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-3.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:30
msgid "[Memory Management](../memory-management.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:31
msgid "[Smart Pointers](../smart-pointers.md) (45 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:32
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon (2 hours and 20 minutes, including breaks)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:33
msgid "[Borrowing](../borrowing.md) (1 hour)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34
msgid ""
"[Slices and Lifetimes](../slices-and-lifetimes.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:35
msgid "Day 4 Morning (3 hours and 5 minutes, including breaks)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-4.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:37
msgid "[Iterators](../iterators.md) (45 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:38
msgid "[Modules](../modules.md) (40 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:39
msgid "[Testing](../testing.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40
msgid "Day 4 Afternoon (2 hours, including breaks)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:41
msgid "[Error Handling](../error-handling.md) (45 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:42
msgid "[Unsafe Rust](../unsafe-rust.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45
msgid "Deep Dives"
msgstr "Immersioni profonde"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition to the 4-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more "
"specialized topics:"
msgstr ""
"Oltre alla lezione di 3 giorni sui fondamenti di Rust, ne copriamo altri "
"argomenti specialistici:"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50
msgid "Rust in Android"
msgstr "Rust in Android"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Rust in Android](../android.md) deep dive is a half-day course on using "
"Rust for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with "
"C, C++, and Java."
msgstr ""
"L'[Android Deep Dive](../android.md) è un corso di mezza giornata "
"sull'utilizzo di Rust per Sviluppo sulla piattaforma Android. Ciò include "
"l'interoperabilità con C, C++ e Java."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:56
msgid ""
"You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
"download/downloading). Make a checkout of the [course repository](https://"
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) on the same machine and move the `src/"
"android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure "
"that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`."
msgstr ""
"Avrai bisogno di un [checkout AOSP](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
"download/downloading). Fai un checkout del [corso repository](https://github."
"com/google/comprehensive-rust) sulla stessa macchina e sposta la directory "
"`src/android/` in la radice del tuo checkout AOSP. Ciò garantirà che il "
"sistema di compilazione Android vede i file `Android.bp` in `src/android/`."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61
msgid ""
"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build "
"all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to "
"see the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand."
msgstr ""
"Assicurati che `adb sync` funzioni con il tuo emulatore o dispositivo reale "
"e precompila tutti gli esempi di Android che utilizzano `src/android/"
"build_all.sh`. Leggi lo script per vedere i comandi che esegue e assicurati "
"che funzionino quando li esegui a mano."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:68
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust in Chromium"
msgstr "Rust in Android"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:70
msgid ""
"The [Rust in Chromium](../chromium.md) deep dive is a half-day course on "
"using Rust as part of the Chromium browser. It includes using Rust in "
"Chromium's `gn` build system, bringing in third-party libraries (\"crates\") "
"and C++ interoperability."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:75
msgid ""
"You will need to be able to build Chromium --- a debug, component build is "
"[recommended](../chromium/setup.md) for speed but any build will work. "
"Ensure that you can run the Chromium browser that you've built."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:79
msgid "Bare-Metal Rust"
msgstr "Rust su Bare-Metal"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:81
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Bare-Metal Rust](../bare-metal.md) deep dive is a full day class on "
"using Rust for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and "
"application processors are covered."
msgstr ""
"Il [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md): una lezione di un'intera "
"giornata sull'uso di Rust per sviluppo bare metal (embedded). Sono coperti "
"sia i microcontrollori che i processori applicativi."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:85
msgid ""
"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit]"
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will "
"need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome page](../"
"bare-metal.md)."
msgstr ""
"Per la parte del microcontrollore, dovrai acquistare la scheda di sviluppo "
"[BBC micro:bit v2](https://microbit.org/) in anticipo. Si dovranno "
"installare un certo numero di pacchetti come descritto nel file [welcome "
"page](../bare-metal.md)."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:90
msgid "Concurrency in Rust"
msgstr "Concorrenza in Rust"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:92
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Concurrency in Rust](../concurrency.md) deep dive is a full day class "
"on classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency."
msgstr ""
"L'[approfondimento sulla concorrenza](../concurrency.md) è un corso di "
"un'intera giornata sulla concorrenza classica in Rust, così come la "
"concorrenza `async`/`await`."
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:95
msgid ""
"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready "
"to go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment "
"with them:"
msgstr ""
"Avrai bisogno di creare un nuovo progetto, con nuove dipendenze scaricate e "
"pronte per l'utilizzo. Puoi quindi copiare/incollare gli esempi in `src/main."
"rs` per sperimentare attraverso di loro:"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:106
msgid "Format"
msgstr "Formato"
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:108
msgid ""
"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the "
"questions drive the exploration of Rust!"
msgstr ""
"Il corso è pensato per essere molto interattivo e si consiglia di lasciare "
"che siano le domande a guidare l'esplorazione di Rust!"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3
msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:"
msgstr "Ci sono diverse utili scorciatoie da tastiera in mdBook:"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
msgid "Arrow-Left"
msgstr "Freccia-sinistra"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
msgid ": Navigate to the previous page."
msgstr ": passa alla pagina precedente."
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6
msgid "Arrow-Right"
msgstr "Freccia-destra"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:6
msgid ": Navigate to the next page."
msgstr ": passa alla pagina successiva."
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7 src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
msgid "Ctrl + Enter"
msgstr "Ctrl + Invio"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:7
msgid ": Execute the code sample that has focus."
msgstr ": esegue l'esempio di codice attivo."
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8
msgid "s"
msgstr "s"
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:8
msgid ": Activate the search bar."
msgstr ": attiva la barra di ricerca."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3
msgid ""
"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful "
"volunteers:"
msgstr ""
"Il corso è stato tradotto in altre lingue da una serie di meravigliosi "
"volontari:"
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6
msgid ""
"[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) "
"by [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github."
"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes), and "
"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)."
msgstr ""
"[Portoghese Brasiliano](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) "
"di [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer) e [@hugojacob](https://"
"github.com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes), e "
"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Chinese (Simplified)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-CN/) "
"by [@suetfei](https://github.com/suetfei), [@wnghl](https://github.com/"
"wnghl), [@anlunx](https://github.com/anlunx), [@kongy](https://github.com/"
"kongy), [@noahdragon](https://github.com/noahdragon), [@superwhd](https://"
"github.com/superwhd), [@SketchK](https://github.com/SketchK), and [@nodmp]"
"(https://github.com/nodmp)."
msgstr ""
"[Chinese (Semplificato)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-CN/) "
"di [@suetfei](https://github.com/suetfei), [@wnghl](https://github.com/"
"wnghl), [@anlunx](https://github.com/anlunx), [@kongy](https://github.com/"
"kongy), [@noahdragon](https://github.com/noahdragon), [@superwhd](https://"
"github.com/superwhd), e [@SketchK](https://github.com/SketchK)."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Chinese (Traditional)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-TW/) "
"by [@hueich](https://github.com/hueich), [@victorhsieh](https://github.com/"
"victorhsieh), [@mingyc](https://github.com/mingyc), [@kuanhungchen](https://"
"github.com/kuanhungchen), and [@johnathan79717](https://github.com/"
"johnathan79717)."
msgstr ""
"[Cinese (Traditionale)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-TW/) "
"di [@hueich](https://github.com/hueich), [@victorhsieh](https://github.com/"
"victorhsieh), [@mingyc](https://github.com/mingyc), e [@johnathan79717]"
"(https://github.com/johnathan79717)."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:12
msgid ""
"[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]"
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp), and "
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
msgstr ""
"[Coreano](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) di [@keispace]"
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) e "
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:13
msgid ""
"[Spanish](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/es/) by [@deavid]"
"(https://github.com/deavid)."
msgstr ""
"[Spagnolo](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/es/) di [@deavid]"
"(https://github.com/deavid)."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:15
msgid ""
"Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages."
msgstr ""
"Usa il selettore di lingua nell'angolo in alto a destra per passare da una "
"lingua all'altra."
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:17
msgid "Incomplete Translations"
msgstr "Traduzioni"
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:19
msgid ""
"There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most "
"recently updated translations:"
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:22
msgid ""
"[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]"
"(https://github.com/raselmandol)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:23
msgid ""
"[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]"
"(https://github.com/KookaS) and [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:24
msgid ""
"[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]"
"(https://github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:25
msgid ""
"[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]"
"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) and [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/"
"momotaro1105)."
msgstr ""
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:27
msgid ""
"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://"
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to "
"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker](https://"
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)."
msgstr ""
"Se vuoi aiutare con questo sforzo, consulta \\[le nostre istruzioni\\] per "
"sapere come farlo andare avanti. Le traduzioni sono coordinate su [issue "
"tracker](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)."
#: src/cargo.md:3
msgid ""
"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build "
"and run Rust applications. Here we want to give a brief overview of what "
"Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem and how it fits into this "
"training."
msgstr ""
"Quando inizi a leggere su Rust, incontrerai presto [Cargo](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/cargo/), lo strumento standard utilizzato nell'ecosistema Rust per "
"creare ed eseguire applicazioni Rust. Qui vogliamo fornire una breve "
"panoramica di cos'è Cargo e di come si inserisce nell'ecosistema e in questa "
"formazione."
#: src/cargo.md:9
msgid "Installation"
msgstr "Installazione"
#: src/cargo.md:11
msgid "**Please follow the instructions on <https://rustup.rs/>.**"
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo.md:13
msgid ""
"This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler "
"(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can "
"use to install to different compiler versions."
msgstr ""
"Questo fornisce il “build tool” Cargo (`cargo`) e il compilatore Rust "
"(`rustc`). Inoltre anche `rustup`, una utility da “command line” che può "
"essere utilizzata per installare diverse versioni del compilatore."
#: src/cargo.md:17
msgid ""
"After installing Rust, you should configure your editor or IDE to work with "
"Rust. Most editors do this by talking to [rust-analyzer](https://rust-"
"analyzer.github.io/), which provides auto-completion and jump-to-definition "
"functionality for [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), [Emacs](https://"
"rust-analyzer.github.io/manual.html#emacs), [Vim/Neovim](https://rust-"
"analyzer.github.io/manual.html#vimneovim), and many others. There is also a "
"different IDE available called [RustRover](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/)."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust "
"formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) via `apt`. However, this "
"gets you an outdated rust version and may lead to unexpected behavior. The "
"command would be:"
msgstr ""
"Su Debian/Ubuntu, puoi installare Cargo, i sorgenti di Rust e [Rust "
"formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) con"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1
msgid "The Rust Ecosystem"
msgstr "L'ecosistema di Rust"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3
msgid ""
"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
msgstr ""
"L'ecosistema Rust è costituito da una serie di strumenti, di cui i "
"principali sono:"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5
msgid ""
"`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other "
"intermediate formats."
msgstr ""
"`rustc`: il compilatore Rust che trasforma i file `.rs` in binari e altri "
"formati intermedi."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to "
"download dependencies, usually hosted on <https://crates.io>, and it will "
"pass them to `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a "
"built-in test runner which is used to execute unit tests."
msgstr ""
"`cargo`: il gestore delle dipendenze di Rust e lo strumento di compilazione. "
"Cargo sa come scaricare le dipendenze ospitate su <https://crates.io> e le "
"passerà a `rustc` quando costruisci il tuo progetto. Cargo include anche un "
"gestore di test integrato che viene utilizzato per eseguire i test "
"predisposti per il progetto (_unit tests_)."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to "
"install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust are "
"released. In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the "
"standard library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once "
"and `rustup` will let you switch between them as needed."
msgstr ""
"`rustup`: il programma di installazione e aggiornamento della toolchain di "
"Rust. Questo strumento è utilizzato per installare e aggiornare `rustc` e "
"`cargo` quando vengono rilasciate nuove versioni di Rust. Inoltre, `rustup` "
"può anche scaricare la documentazione per la libreria standard. Puoi avere "
"più versioni di Rust installate contemporaneamente e `rustup` ti permetterà "
"di passare da una all'altra secondo le necessità."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world/hello-world.md:26
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:39 src/references/exclusive.md:20
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:69 src/memory-management/move.md:153
#: src/error-handling/try.md:53 src/android/setup.md:18
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25
msgid "Key points:"
msgstr "Punti chiave:"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23
msgid ""
"Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six "
"weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- "
"plus they enable new functionality."
msgstr ""
"Rust ha un programma di rilascio rapido con una nuova versione in uscita "
"ogni sei settimane. Le nuove versioni mantengono la retrocompatibilità con "
"vecchie versioni --- in più abilitano nuove funzionalità."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:27
msgid ""
"There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"."
msgstr "Esistono tre canali di rilascio: \"stable\", \"beta\" e \"nightly\"."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:29
msgid ""
"New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes "
"\"stable\" every six weeks."
msgstr ""
"Le nuove funzionalità vengono testate su \"nightly\", \"beta\" è ciò che "
"diventa \"stabile\" ogni sei settimane."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:32
msgid ""
"Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:35
msgid ""
"Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the "
"current edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018."
msgstr ""
"Rust ha anche le \\[edizioni\\]: l'edizione attuale è Rust 2021. Le "
"precedenti edizioni erano Rust 2015 e Rust 2018."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:38
msgid ""
"The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the "
"language."
msgstr ""
"Le edizioni possono apportare modifiche incompatibili con le versioni "
"precedenti del linguaggio."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:41
msgid ""
"To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for "
"your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file."
msgstr ""
"Per evitare incompatibilità del codice, le edizioni sono opt-in: si può "
"selezionare l'edizione di riferimento' attraverso il file `Cargo.toml`."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:44
msgid ""
"To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for "
"different editions."
msgstr ""
"Per evitare di dividere l'ecosistema, i compilatori di Rust possono "
"mescolare il codice scritto per diverse edizioni."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:47
msgid ""
"Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through "
"`cargo` (most users never do)."
msgstr ""
"Nota che è abbastanza raro usare il compilatore direttamente non attraverso "
"`cargo` (la maggior parte degli utenti non lo fa mai)."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and "
"comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but "
"not limited to:"
msgstr ""
"Potrebbe valere la pena accennare al fatto che Cargo stesso è uno strumento "
"estremamente potente e completo. È in grado di offrire molte funzionalità "
"avanzate, tra cui, a titolo esemplificativo ma non esaustivo: "
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:53
msgid "Project/package structure"
msgstr "Struttura del progetto/pacchetto"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:54
msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)"
msgstr "\\[aree di lavoro\\]"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:55
msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching"
msgstr ""
"Dipendenze di sviluppo e gestione/memorizzazione nella cache delle "
"dipendenze di runtime"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:56
msgid ""
"[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts."
"html)"
msgstr "\\[costruzione script\\]"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:57
msgid ""
"[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install."
"html)"
msgstr "\\[installazione globale\\]"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:58
msgid ""
"It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo "
"clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))."
msgstr ""
"È anche estensibile con plug-in di comandi secondari (come [cargo clippy]"
"(https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))."
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:60
msgid ""
"Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)"
msgstr ""
"Leggi di più dall'[official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1
msgid "Code Samples in This Training"
msgstr "Esempi di codice in questo Corso"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3
msgid ""
"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples "
"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier "
"and ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
msgstr ""
"Per questa formazione, esploreremo principalmente il linguaggio Rust "
"attraverso esempi che possono essere eseguiti tramite il tuo browser. Questo "
"rende la configurazione molto più semplice e garantisce un'esperienza "
"coerente per tutti."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7
msgid ""
"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do "
"the exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you "
"how to work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
msgstr ""
"L'installazione di Cargo è ancora incoraggiata: ti renderà più facile fare "
"gli esercizi. L'ultimo giorno faremo un esercizio più ampio che ti mostrerà "
"come lavorare con le dipendenze e per questo hai bisogno di Cargo."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
msgstr "I blocchi di codice in questo corso sono completamente interattivi:"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:15 src/cargo/running-locally.md:46
msgid "\"Edit me!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
msgid "You can use "
msgstr "Puoi usare "
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
msgid " to execute the code when focus is in the text box."
msgstr " per eseguire il codice quando il focus è sulla casella di testo."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24
msgid ""
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not "
"editable for various reasons:"
msgstr ""
"La maggior parte degli esempi di codice sono modificabili come mostrato "
"sopra. Alcuni esempi di codice non sono modificabili per vari motivi:"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27
msgid ""
"The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and "
"open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests."
msgstr ""
"I playground incorporati non possono eseguire unit test. Copia e incolla il "
"codice e aprilo nel Playground reale per dimostrare le 'unit test'."
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:30
msgid ""
"The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from "
"the page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises "
"using a local Rust installation or via the Playground."
msgstr ""
"I playground incorporati perdono il loro stato nel momento in cui esci dalla "
"pagina! Questo è il motivo per cui gli studenti dovrebbero risolvere gli "
"esercizi utilizzando un'installazione locale di Rust o tramite Playground."
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1
msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo"
msgstr "Esecuzione del codice in locale con Cargo"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3
msgid ""
"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will "
"need to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the "
"Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). This "
"should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of writing, the "
"latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:"
msgstr ""
"Se vuoi sperimentare il codice sul tuo sistema, avrai bisogno di per "
"installare prima di tutto Rust. Fallo seguendo le [istruzioni nel 'Rust Book]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). Questo dovrebbe "
"darti un `rustc` e un `cargo` funzionanti. Al monento della scrittura, "
"l'ultima versione stabile di Rust ha questi numeri di versione:"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:16
msgid ""
"You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards "
"compatibility."
msgstr ""
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:18
msgid ""
"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of "
"the examples in this training:"
msgstr ""
"Con questo è a posto, segui questi passaggi per creare un 'binario Rust' da "
"uno degli esempi in questo training:"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:21
msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy."
msgstr ""
"Click sul bottone \"Copy to clipboard\" nell'esempio che si vuole copiare'."
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:23
msgid ""
"Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:"
msgstr ""
"Usa `cargo new exercise` per creare una nuova directory `exercise/` per il "
"tuo codice:"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:30
msgid ""
"Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:"
msgstr ""
"Naviga in `exercise/` e usa `cargo run` per compilare ed eseguire "
"l'esercizio:"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:41
msgid ""
"Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For "
"example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like"
msgstr ""
"Sostituisci il codice predefinito in `src/main.rs` con il tuo codice. Per "
"esempio, usando l'esempio della pagina precedente, cambia `src/main.rs` in"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:50
msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:"
msgstr "Usa `cargo run` per compilare ed eseguire il codice aggiornato:"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:60
msgid ""
"Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo "
"build` to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/"
"debug/` for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an "
"optimized release build in `target/release/`."
msgstr ""
"Usa `cargo check` per controllare rapidamente gli errori nel tuo progetto, "
"usa `cargo build` per compilare senza eseguire. Per una compilazione normale "
"di debug l'output si trova in `target/debug/`. Usa `cargo build --release` "
"per produrre una versione ottimizzata del codice, in questo caso l'output si "
"trova in `target/release/`."
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:65
msgid ""
"You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you "
"run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing "
"dependencies for you."
msgstr ""
"Puoi aggiungere dipendenze al tuo progetto modificando il file `Cargo.toml`. "
"Quando si esegue il comando `cargo`, sono automaticamente scaricate e "
"compilate le dipendenze mancanti."
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:73
msgid ""
"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local "
"editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal "
"development environment."
msgstr ""
"Cerca di incoraggiare i partecipanti alla classe a installare Cargo e "
"utilizzare un editore locale. Semplificherà la loro vita poiché avranno un "
"ambiente di sviluppo normale."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1
msgid "Welcome to Day 1"
msgstr "Benvenuto al primo giorno"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground "
"today:"
msgstr ""
"Questo è il primo giorno di 'Comprehensive Rust'. Oggi copriremo un sacco di "
"strada:"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:5
msgid ""
"Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, "
"references, functions, and methods."
msgstr ""
"Sintassi di base di Rust: variabili, tipi scalari e composti, enum, struct, "
"riferimenti, funzioni e metodi."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Types and type inference."
msgstr "Inferenza del Tipo"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:8
msgid "Control flow constructs: loops, conditionals, and so on."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:9
msgid "User-defined types: structs and enums."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays."
msgstr "Pattern matching: destrutturazione di enum, struct e array."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:12 src/welcome-day-2.md:12 src/welcome-day-3.md:9
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:11
msgid "Schedule"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:14 src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:3
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:14 src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md:3
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:11 src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md:3
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:13 src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md:3
msgid "In this session:"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:15
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-1.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16
msgid "[Hello, World](./hello-world.md) (20 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:17
msgid "[Types and Values](./types-and-values.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18
msgid "[Control Flow Basics](./control-flow-basics.md) (1 hour)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:20 src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md:7
msgid "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:26
msgid "Please remind the students that:"
msgstr "Si prega di ricordare agli studenti che:"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:28
msgid ""
"They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end."
msgstr ""
"Dovrebbero fare domande quando ne sentono il bisogno, non trattenerle fino "
"alla fine."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29
msgid ""
"The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much "
"encouraged!"
msgstr ""
"La lezione è pensata per essere interattiva e le discussioni sono molto "
"incoraggiate!"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., "
"keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other language. "
"It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of allowing "
"discussions since they engage people much more than one-way communication."
msgstr ""
"In qualità di istruttore, dovresti cercare di mantenere le discussioni "
"pertinenti, ad es. mantieni la relazione con il modo in cui Rust fa le cose "
"rispetto a qualche altro linguaggio. Può essere difficile trovare il giusto "
"equilibrio, ma è meglio permettere discussioni che coinvolgono le persone "
"piuttosto che una comunicazione unidirezionale."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:34
msgid ""
"The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides."
msgstr ""
"Le domande probabilmente significheranno che parleremo di cose prima delle "
"diapositive."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:35
msgid ""
"This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. "
"Remember that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as "
"you like."
msgstr ""
"Questo è perfettamente okay! La ripetizione è una parte importante "
"dell'apprendimento. Ricordare che le diapositive sono solo un supporto e sei "
"libero di saltarle come preferisci."
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39
msgid ""
"The idea for the first day is to show the \"basic\" things in Rust that "
"should have immediate parallels in other languages. The more advanced parts "
"of Rust come on the subsequent days."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:43
msgid ""
"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the "
"schedule. Note that there is an exercise at the end of each segment, "
"followed by a break. Plan to cover the exercise solution after the break. "
"The times listed here are a suggestion in order to keep the course on "
"schedule. Feel free to be flexible and adjust as necessary!"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:3 src/types-and-values.md:3 src/control-flow-basics.md:3
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:3 src/references.md:3 src/user-defined-types.md:3
#: src/pattern-matching.md:3 src/methods-and-traits.md:3 src/generics.md:3
#: src/std-types.md:3 src/std-traits.md:3 src/memory-management.md:3
#: src/smart-pointers.md:3 src/borrowing.md:3 src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:3
#: src/iterators.md:3 src/modules.md:3 src/testing.md:3 src/error-handling.md:3
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:3
msgid "In this segment:"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:4
msgid "[What is Rust?](./hello-world/what-is-rust.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:5
msgid "[Hello, World](./hello-world/hello-world.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:6
msgid "[Benefits of Rust](./hello-world/benefits.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:7
msgid "[Playground](./hello-world/playground.md) (2 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world.md:9
msgid "This segment should take about 20 minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015]"
"(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):"
msgstr ""
"Rust è un nuovo linguaggio di programmazione che ha avuto la sua [versione "
"1.0 nel 2015](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):"
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:5
msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++"
msgstr "Rust è un linguaggio compilato staticamente in modo simile a C++"
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:6
msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend."
msgstr "`rustc` utilizza LLVM come backend."
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:7
msgid ""
"Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
msgstr ""
"Rust supporta molte [piattaforme e architetture](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:9
msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:10
msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:11
msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:"
msgstr "Rust è utilizzato per un'ampia gamma di dispositivi:"
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:12
msgid "firmware and boot loaders,"
msgstr "firmware e _boot loaders_,"
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:13
msgid "smart displays,"
msgstr "display 'smart',"
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:14
msgid "mobile phones,"
msgstr "cellulari,"
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:15
msgid "desktops,"
msgstr "desktop,"
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:16
msgid "servers."
msgstr "server."
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:21
msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:"
msgstr "Rust è usato nelle stesse aree di C++:"
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:23
msgid "High flexibility."
msgstr "Elevata flessibilità."
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:24
msgid "High level of control."
msgstr "Alto livello di controllo."
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers."
msgstr ""
"Può essere adattato a dispositivi molto particolari come i telefoni "
"cellulari."
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:26
msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection."
msgstr "Non ha runtime o garbage collection."
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md:27
msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance."
msgstr ""
"Si concentra su affidabilità e sicurezza senza sacrificare le prestazioni."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:3
msgid ""
"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World "
"program:"
msgstr ""
"Passiamo al programma Rust più semplice possibile, un classico Hello World:"
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:8
msgid "\"Hello 🌍!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:12
msgid "What you see:"
msgstr "Quello che si vede:"
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:14
msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`."
msgstr "Le funzioni sono introdotte con `fn`."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:15
msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++."
msgstr "I blocchi sono delimitati da parentesi graffe come in C e C++."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:16
msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program."
msgstr "La funzione `main` è il punto di ingresso del programma."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:17
msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this."
msgstr ""
"Rust ha macro definite come 'igieniche' (_hygienic macros_), `println!` ne è "
"un esempio."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:18
msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character."
msgstr ""
"Le stringhe Rust sono codificate in UTF-8 e possono contenere qualsiasi "
"carattere Unicode."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will "
"see a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something "
"familiar."
msgstr ""
"Questa diapositiva cerca di mettere gli studenti a proprio agio con il "
"codice Rust. Vedranno un sacco di Rust nei prossimi quattro giorni, quindi "
"iniziamo in piccolo con qualcosa di familiare."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is "
"imperative and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless absolutely necessary."
msgstr ""
"Rust è molto simile ad altri linguaggi della tradizione C/C++/Java. È "
"imperativo (non funzionale) e non cerca di reinventare le cose a meno che "
"non sia assolutamente necessario."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:31
msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode."
msgstr "Rust è moderno con pieno supporto per cose come Unicode."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of "
"arguments (no function [overloading](../control-flow-basics/functions.md))."
msgstr ""
"Rust utilizza le macro per le situazioni in cui si desidera avere un numero "
"variabile di argomenti (nessun [overloading di funzione](basic-syntax/"
"functions-interlude.md))."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:36
msgid ""
"Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers "
"from the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially "
"hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene."
"html)."
msgstr ""
"Le macro definite \"igieniche\" significa che non catturano accidentalmente "
"identificatori da l'ambito in cui vengono utilizzate. Le macro di Rust sono "
"in realtà solo [parzialmente igieniche](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/"
"decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)."
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md:40
msgid ""
"Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented "
"programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, "
"while it is not a functional language, it includes a range of [functional "
"concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:3
msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:"
msgstr "Alcuni punti di forza unici di Rust:"
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:5
msgid ""
"_Compile time memory safety_ - whole classes of memory bugs are prevented at "
"compile time"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:7
msgid "No uninitialized variables."
msgstr "Nessuna variabile non inizializzata."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:8
msgid "No double-frees."
msgstr "Nessun _double-frees_."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:9
msgid "No use-after-free."
msgstr "Nessun _use-after-free_."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:10
msgid "No `NULL` pointers."
msgstr "Nessun puntatore `NULL`."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:11
msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes."
msgstr "Nessun mutex dimenticato bloccato."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:12
msgid "No data races between threads."
msgstr "Nessuna 'situazione di corsa' (_race condition_) di dati tra i thread."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:13
msgid "No iterator invalidation."
msgstr "Nessuna invalidazione dell'iteratore."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:15
msgid ""
"_No undefined runtime behavior_ - what a Rust statement does is never left "
"unspecified"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:17
msgid "Array access is bounds checked."
msgstr "L'accesso agli array è controllato dai loro limiti."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:18
msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)."
msgstr "L'overflow di numeri interi è definito (panic or wrap-around)."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:20
msgid ""
"_Modern language features_ - as expressive and ergonomic as higher-level "
"languages"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:22
msgid "Enums and pattern matching."
msgstr "Enumerazioni (_Enums_) e pattern matching."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:23
msgid "Generics."
msgstr "Generici (_generic_)."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:24
msgid "No overhead FFI."
msgstr "Nessun _overhead_ FFI."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:25
msgid "Zero-cost abstractions."
msgstr "Astrazioni a costo zero (_Zero-cost abstractions_)."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:26
msgid "Great compiler errors."
msgstr "Ottimi errori del compilatore."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:27
msgid "Built-in dependency manager."
msgstr "Gestore delle dipendenze integrato."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:28
msgid "Built-in support for testing."
msgstr "Supporto integrato per i test."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:29
msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support."
msgstr "Eccellente supporto del protocollo Language Server."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:34
msgid ""
"Do not spend much time here. All of these points will be covered in more "
"depth later."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:37
msgid ""
"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. "
"Depending on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:"
msgstr ""
"Assicurati di chiedere alla classe con quali linguaggi hanno esperienza. In "
"base alla risposta puoi evidenziare diverse caratteristiche di Rust:"
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:40
msgid ""
"Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ "
"via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't "
"have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with "
"constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management."
msgstr ""
"Esperienza con C o C++: Rust elimina un'intera classe di _errori di runtime_ "
"tramite il _borrow checker_. Ottiene prestazioni come in C e C++, ma non hai "
"i problemi di sicurezza della memoria. Inoltre, si ha un linguaggio moderno "
"con costrutti come il pattern matching e la gestione delle dipendenze "
"incorporata."
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md:45
msgid ""
"Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory "
"safety as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In "
"addition you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage "
"collector) as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)"
msgstr ""
"Esperienza con Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: Ottiene la stessa sicurezza "
"della memoria come in quei linguaggi, più una sensazione simile ad un "
"linguaggio di alto livello. Inoltre raggiunge prestazioni veloci e "
"prevedibili come C e C++ (nessun Garbage Collector) così come l'accesso "
"all'hardware di basso livello (quando serve)"
#: src/hello-world/playground.md:3
msgid ""
"The [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) provides an easy way to "
"run short Rust programs, and is the basis for the examples and exercises in "
"this course. Try running the \"hello-world\" program it starts with. It "
"comes with a few handy features:"
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/playground.md:8
msgid ""
"Under \"Tools\", use the `rustfmt` option to format your code in the "
"\"standard\" way."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/playground.md:11
msgid ""
"Rust has two main \"profiles\" for generating code: Debug (extra runtime "
"checks, less optimization) and Release (fewer runtime checks, lots of "
"optimization). These are accessible under \"Debug\" at the top."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/playground.md:15
msgid ""
"If you're interested, use \"ASM\" under \"...\" to see the generated "
"assembly code."
msgstr ""
#: src/hello-world/playground.md:21
msgid ""
"As students head into the break, encourage them to open up the playground "
"and experiment a little. Encourage them to keep the tab open and try things "
"out during the rest of the course. This is particularly helpful for advanced "
"students who want to know more about Rust's optimizations or generated "
"assembly."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values.md:4
msgid "[Variables](./types-and-values/variables.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values.md:5
msgid "[Values](./types-and-values/values.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values.md:6
msgid "[Arithmetic](./types-and-values/arithmetic.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values.md:7
msgid "[Strings](./types-and-values/strings.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values.md:8
msgid "[Type Inference](./types-and-values/inference.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values.md:9
msgid "[Exercise: Fibonacci](./types-and-values/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values.md:11 src/testing.md:12 src/unsafe-rust.md:12
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 5 minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are made with "
"`let`:"
msgstr ""
"Rust fornisce sicurezza di tipo tramite tipizzazione statica. Le "
"associazioni variabili sono immutabili da predefinito:"
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md:9 src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:30
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:34
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:17
msgid "\"x: {x}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md:10
msgid ""
"// x = 20;\n"
" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md:18
msgid ""
"Uncomment the `x = 20` to demonstrate that variables are immutable by "
"default. Add the `mut` keyword to allow changes."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md:21
msgid ""
"The `i32` here is the type of the variable. This must be known at compile "
"time, but type inference (covered later) allows the programmer to omit it in "
"many cases."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:3
msgid ""
"Here are some basic built-in types, and the syntax for literal values of "
"each type."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:6
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:7 src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:16
msgid "Types"
msgstr "Tipi"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:6
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:7
msgid "Literals"
msgstr "Letterali"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:8
msgid "Signed integers"
msgstr "Interi con segno"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:8
msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`"
msgstr "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:8
msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`"
msgstr "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64`"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:9
msgid "Unsigned integers"
msgstr "Interi senza segno"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:9
msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`"
msgstr "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:9
msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`"
msgstr "`0`, `123`, `10u16`"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:10
msgid "Floating point numbers"
msgstr "Numeri in virgola mobile"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:10
msgid "`f32`, `f64`"
msgstr "`f32`, `f64`"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:10
msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`"
msgstr "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2f32`"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:11
msgid "Unicode scalar values"
msgstr "Valori scalari Unicode"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:11
msgid "`char`"
msgstr "`char`"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:11
msgid "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`"
msgstr "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:12
msgid "Booleans"
msgstr "Booleani"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:12
msgid "`bool`"
msgstr "`bool`"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:12
msgid "`true`, `false`"
msgstr "`vero`, `falso`"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:14
msgid "The types have widths as follows:"
msgstr "I tipi hanno larghezze come segue:"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:16
msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,"
msgstr "`iN`, `uN` e `fN` sono larghi _N_ bit,"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:17
msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,"
msgstr "`isize` e `usize` sono la larghezza di un puntatore,"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:18
msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide,"
msgstr "`char` è largo 32 bit,"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:19
msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide."
msgstr "`bool` è largo 8 bit."
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:24
msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:"
msgstr "Ci sono alcune sintassi che non sono mostrate sopra:"
#: src/types-and-values/values.md:26
msgid ""
"All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So "
"`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written "
"as `123i64`."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:9
msgid "\"result: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:16
msgid ""
"This is the first time we've seen a function other than `main`, but the "
"meaning should be clear: it takes three integers, and returns an integer. "
"Functions will be covered in more detail later."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:20
msgid "Arithmetic is very similar to other languages, with similar precedence."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:22
msgid ""
"What about integer overflow? In C and C++ overflow of _signed_ integers is "
"actually undefined, and might do different things on different platforms or "
"compilers. In Rust, it's defined."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:26
msgid ""
"Change the `i32`'s to `i16` to see an integer overflow, which panics "
"(checked) in a debug build and wraps in a release build. There are other "
"options, such as overflowing, saturating, and carrying. These are accessed "
"with method syntax, e.g., `(a * b).saturating_add(b * c).saturating_add(c * "
"a)`."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md:31
msgid ""
"In fact, the compiler will detect overflow of constant expressions, which is "
"why the example requires a separate function."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust has two types to represent strings, both of which will be covered in "
"more depth later. Both _always_ store UTF-8 encoded strings."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "`String` - a modifiable, owned string."
msgstr "`String` è un buffer di stringa mutabile."
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:7
msgid "`&str` - a read-only string. String literals have this type."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:11
msgid "\"Greetings\""
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:12
msgid "\"🪐\""
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:15
msgid "\", \""
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:17
msgid "\"final sentence: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:18 src/async/control-flow/join.md:30
msgid "\"{:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:19
msgid "//println!(\"{:?}\", &sentence[12..13]);\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:26
msgid ""
"This slide introduces strings. Everything here will be covered in more depth "
"later, but this is enough for subsequent slides and exercises to use strings."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:29
msgid "Invalid UTF-8 in a string is UB, and this not allowed in safe Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:31
msgid ""
"`String` is a user-defined type with a constructor (`::new()`) and methods "
"like `s.push_str(..)`."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:34
msgid ""
"The `&` in `&str` indicates that this is a reference. We will cover "
"references later, so for now just think of `&str` as a unit meaning \"a read-"
"only string\"."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:37
msgid ""
"The commented-out line is indexing into the string by byte position. "
"`12..13` does not end on a character boundary, so the program panics. Adjust "
"it to a range that does, based on the error message."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md:41
msgid ""
"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: "
"`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal "
"amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:"
msgstr ""
"Le stringhe non elaborate (_raw_) consentono di creare un valore `&str` con "
"i caratteri di escape disabilitati: `r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. Puoi "
"racchiudere le doppie virgolette usando una quantità uguale di `#` su "
"entrambi i lati delle virgolette:"
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:"
msgstr ""
"Rust esaminerà come la variabile viene _usata_ per determinare il tipo:"
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on "
"constraints given by variable declarations and usages."
msgstr ""
"Questa diapositiva mostra come il compilatore Rust deduce i tipi in base ai "
"vincoli dati dalle dichiarazioni e dagli usi delle variabili."
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not "
"of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine "
"code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration "
"of a type. The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise "
"code."
msgstr ""
"È molto importante sottolineare che le variabili dichiarate in questo modo "
"non sono di una sorta di \"qualsiasi tipo\" dinamico che può detenere alcun "
"dato. Il codice macchina generato da tale dichiarazione è identico alla "
"dichiarazione esplicita di un tipo. Il compilatore fa il lavoro per noi e ci "
"aiuta a scrivere codice più conciso."
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md:37
msgid ""
"When nothing constrains the type of an integer literal, Rust defaults to "
"`i32`. This sometimes appears as `{integer}` in error messages. Similarly, "
"floating-point literals default to `f64`."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md:46
msgid "// ERROR: no implementation for `{float} == {integer}`\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"The first and second Fibonacci numbers are both `1`. For n>2, the n'th "
"Fibonacci number is calculated recursively as the sum of the n-1'th and "
"n-2'th Fibonacci numbers."
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:7
msgid ""
"Write a function `fib(n)` that calculates the n'th Fibonacci number. When "
"will this function panic?"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:13
msgid "// The base case.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:14 src/types-and-values/exercise.md:17
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:27
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Implement this\""
msgstr "Implementazione"
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:16
msgid "// The recursive case.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md:23 src/types-and-values/solution.md:14
msgid "\"fib(n) = {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:4
msgid "[Conditionals](./control-flow-basics/conditionals.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:5
msgid "[Loops](./control-flow-basics/loops.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:6
msgid ""
"[break and continue](./control-flow-basics/break-continue.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:7
msgid ""
"[Blocks and Scopes](./control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:8
msgid "[Functions](./control-flow-basics/functions.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:9
msgid "[Macros](./control-flow-basics/macros.md) (2 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:10
msgid ""
"[Exercise: Collatz Sequence](./control-flow-basics/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics.md:12 src/tuples-and-arrays.md:10 src/borrowing.md:9
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:3
msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:"
msgstr "Gran parte della sintassi di Rust ti sarà familiare da C, C++ o Java:"
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces."
msgstr "I blocchi e gli ambiti sono delimitati da parentesi graffe."
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:6
msgid ""
"Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... "
"*/`."
msgstr ""
"I commenti di riga iniziano con `//`, i commenti di blocco sono delimitati "
"da `/\\* ... \\*/`."
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:8
msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same."
msgstr "Parole chiave come `if` e `while` funzionano allo stesso modo."
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:9
msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`."
msgstr ""
"L'assegnazione delle variabili viene eseguita con `=`, il confronto viene "
"eseguito con `==`."
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "`if` expressions"
msgstr "Espressioni `if`"
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:"
msgstr ""
"Tu usi [`if` espressioni](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
"expr.html#if-expressions) esattamente come le dichiarazioni `if` in altre "
"lingue:"
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:21
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:36
msgid "\"small\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:23
msgid "\"biggish\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:25
msgid "\"huge\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each "
"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:"
msgstr ""
"Inoltre, puoi usare \"if\" come espressione. L'ultima espressione di "
"ciascuno block diventa il valore dell'espressione `if`:"
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:36
msgid "\"large\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:37
msgid "\"number size: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:44
msgid ""
"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its "
"branch blocks must have the same type. Show what happens if you add `;` "
"after `\"small\"` in the second example."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md:48
msgid ""
"When `if` is used in an expression, the expression must have a `;` to "
"separate it from the next statement. Remove the `;` before `println!` to see "
"the compiler error."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:3
msgid "There are three looping keywords in Rust: `while`, `loop`, and `for`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "`while`"
msgstr "Cicli `while`"
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-"
"expr.html#predicate-loops) works much like in other languages, executing the "
"loop body as long as the condition is true."
msgstr ""
"La [parola chiave `while`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
"loop-expr.html#predicate-loops) funziona in modo molto simile ad altre "
"lingue:"
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:18
msgid "\"Final x: {x}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "`for`"
msgstr "Cicli `for`"
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) iterates "
"over ranges of values:"
msgstr ""
"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) usato per "
"definire i distruttori."
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:35
msgid "`loop`"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`loop` statement](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.loop.html) just "
"loops forever, until a `break`."
msgstr ""
"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) usato per "
"definire i distruttori."
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:45
msgid "\"{i}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:56
msgid ""
"We will discuss iteration later; for now, just stick to range expressions."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md:57
msgid ""
"Note that the `for` loop only iterates to `4`. Show the `1..=5` syntax for "
"an inclusive range."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you want to exit any kind of loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions). For "
"`loop`, this can take an optional expression that becomes the value of the "
"`loop` expression."
msgstr ""
"Se vuoi uscire prima da un ciclo, usa [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions),"
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)."
msgstr ""
"Se vuoi iniziare subito l'iterazione successiva usa [`continue`](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)."
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:24
msgid "\"{result}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is "
"used to break out of nested loops:"
msgstr ""
"Sia `continue` che `break` possono facoltativamente accettare un argomento "
"label che viene utilizzato per uscire dai cicli nidificati:"
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:37
msgid "\"x: {x}, i: {i}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop."
msgstr ""
"In questo caso interrompiamo il ciclo esterno dopo 3 iterazioni del ciclo "
"interno."
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial "
"value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike "
"`while` and `for` loops)."
msgstr ""
"Si noti che `loop` è l'unico costrutto di ciclo che restituisce un valore "
"non banale valore. Questo perché è garantito che venga inserito almeno una "
"volta (a differenza di cicli `while` e `for`)."
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:3
msgid "Blocks"
msgstr "Blocchi"
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions, enclosed by braces `{}`. "
"Each block has a value and a type, which are those of the last expression of "
"the block:"
msgstr ""
"Un blocco in Rust contiene una sequenza di espressioni. Ogni blocco ha un "
"valore ed un tipo, che corrispondono a quelli dell’ultima espressione nel "
"blocco:"
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:14
msgid "\"y: {y}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:21
msgid ""
"If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is "
"`()`."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:23
msgid "Scopes and Shadowing"
msgstr "Scope e Shadowing"
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:25
msgid "A variable's scope is limited to the enclosing block."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:27
msgid ""
"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from "
"the same scope:"
msgstr ""
"Puoi applicare “shadowing” alle variabili, sia a quelle degli “scope” "
"esterni che a quelle dallo stesso “scope”:"
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:33
msgid "\"before: {a}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:35
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:7 src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:19
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:225
msgid "\"hello\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:36
msgid "\"inner scope: {a}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:39
msgid "\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:42
msgid "\"after: {a}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in "
"the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`."
msgstr ""
"Puoi mostrare come cambia il valore del blocco cambiando l'ultima riga nel "
"blocco. Ad esempio, aggiungendo/rimuovendo un punto e virgola o utilizzando "
"un `return`."
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:51
msgid ""
"Show that a variable's scope is limited by adding a `b` in the inner block "
"in the last example, and then trying to access it outside that block."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both "
"variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available under "
"the same name, depending where you use it in the code."
msgstr ""
"Definizione: “shadowing” è diversa dalla mutazione, perché dopo lo shadowing "
"le locazioni di memoria di entrambe le variabili esistono "
"contemporaneamente. Entrambi sono disponibili con lo stesso nome, a seconda "
"di dove lo usi nel codice. "
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:56
#, fuzzy
msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type."
msgstr ""
"Una variable che fa “shadowing” di un’altra, può avere un tipo diverso. "
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md:57
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values "
"after `.unwrap()`."
msgstr ""
"L'ombreggiatura all'inizio sembra oscura, ma è utile per conservare i valori "
"dopo `.unwrap()`."
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:22
msgid ""
"Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some "
"programming languages), then a return type."
msgstr ""
"I parametri di dichiarazione sono seguiti da un tipo (il contrario di alcuni "
"linguaggi di programmazione) e quindi da un tipo restituito."
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return "
"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression. The `return` "
"keyword can be used for early return, but the \"bare value\" form is "
"idiomatic at the end of a function (refactor `gcd` to use a `return`)."
msgstr ""
"L'ultima espressione nel corpo di una funzione (o in qualsiasi blocco) "
"diventa il valore restituito. Basta omettere `;` alla fine dell'espressione."
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:28
msgid ""
"Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The "
"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted."
msgstr ""
"Alcune funzioni non hanno alcun valore di ritorno e restituiscono il 'tipo "
"di unità', `()`. Il compilatore lo dedurrà se il tipo restituito `->()` "
"viene omesso."
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Overloading is not supported -- each function has a single implementation."
msgstr "Ogni funzione ha una singola implementazione:"
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:31
msgid ""
"Always takes a fixed number of parameters. Default arguments are not "
"supported. Macros can be used to support variadic functions."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Always takes a single set of parameter types. These types can be generic, "
"which will be covered later."
msgstr "Accetta sempre un singolo set di tipi di parametro."
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:3
msgid ""
"Macros are expanded into Rust code during compilation, and can take a "
"variable number of arguments. They are distinguished by a `!` at the end. "
"The Rust standard library includes an assortment of useful macros."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`println!(format, ..)` prints a line to standard output, applying formatting "
"described in [`std::fmt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html)."
msgstr ""
"L'overload degli operatori è implementato tramite i tratti in [`std::ops`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:9
msgid ""
"`format!(format, ..)` works just like `println!` but returns the result as a "
"string."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:11
msgid "`dbg!(expression)` logs the value of the expression and returns it."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:12
msgid ""
"`todo!()` marks a bit of code as not-yet-implemented. If executed, it will "
"panic."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:14
msgid ""
"`unreachable!()` marks a bit of code as unreachable. If executed, it will "
"panic."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:32
msgid "\"{n}! = {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:39
msgid ""
"The takeaway from this section is that these common conveniences exist, and "
"how to use them. Why they are defined as macros, and what they expand to, is "
"not especially critical."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md:43
msgid ""
"The course does not cover defining macros, but a later section will describe "
"use of derive macros."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"The [Collatz Sequence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture) is "
"defined as follows, for an arbitrary n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:4 src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "1"
msgstr "12"
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:4
msgid " greater than zero:"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:6 src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
msgid "If _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:6 src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
msgid "i"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:6
msgid "_ is 1, then the sequence terminates at _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:6
msgid "_."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7
msgid "_ is even, then _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7 src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
msgid "i+1"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7
msgid " = n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:7
msgid " / 2_."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
msgid "_ is odd, then _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
msgid " = 3 * n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:8
msgid " + 1_."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:10
msgid "For example, beginning with _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:10
msgid "_ = 3:"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:12
msgid "3 is odd, so _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "2"
msgstr "12"
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:12
msgid "_ = 3 * 3 + 1 = 10;"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:13
msgid "10 is even, so _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:13 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "3"
msgstr "3"
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:13
msgid "_ = 10 / 2 = 5;"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:14
msgid "5 is odd, so _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:14 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "4"
msgstr "4"
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:14
msgid "_ = 3 * 5 + 1 = 16;"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:15
msgid "16 is even, so _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:15
msgid "5"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:15
msgid "_ = 16 / 2 = 8;"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:16
msgid "8 is even, so _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:16 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "6"
msgstr "6"
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:16
msgid "_ = 8 / 2 = 4;"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:17
msgid "4 is even, so _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:17
msgid "7"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:17
msgid "_ = 4 / 2 = 2;"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:18
msgid "2 is even, so _n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:18 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "8"
msgstr "8"
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:18
msgid "_ = 1; and"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:19
msgid "the sequence terminates."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:21
msgid ""
"Write a function to calculate the length of the collatz sequence for a given "
"initial `n`."
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md:25 src/control-flow-basics/solution.md:4
msgid "/// Determine the length of the collatz sequence beginning at `n`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/control-flow-basics/solution.md:20 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:11
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:30
msgid "\"Length: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:1 src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md:1
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md:1 src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome Back"
msgstr "Benvenuti"
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:4
msgid "[Tuples and Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays.md) (1 hour)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:5
msgid "[References](./references.md) (50 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:6
msgid "[User-Defined Types](./user-defined-types.md) (50 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md:8
msgid ""
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 55 "
"minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:4
msgid ""
"[Tuples and Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:5
msgid "[Array Iteration](./tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:6
msgid "[Pattern Matching](./tuples-and-arrays/match.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:7
msgid "[Destructuring](./tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md:8
msgid "[Exercise: Nested Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:3
msgid ""
"Tuples and arrays are the first \"compound\" types we have seen. All "
"elements of an array have the same type, while tuples can accommodate "
"different types. Both types have a size fixed at compile time."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:9
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:27
msgid "Arrays"
msgstr "Array"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:9
msgid "`[T; N]`"
msgstr "`[T; N]`"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:9
msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`"
msgstr "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:10
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:9
msgid "Tuples"
msgstr "Tuple"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:10
msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..."
msgstr "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:10
msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..."
msgstr "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:12
msgid "Array assignment and access:"
msgstr "Assegnazione e accesso all’Array:"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:24
msgid "Tuple assignment and access:"
msgstr "Assegnazione e accesso alla Tupla:"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:41
msgid "Arrays:"
msgstr "Array:"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) "
"elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of "
"its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two "
"different types. Slices, which have a size determined at runtime, are "
"covered later."
msgstr ""
"Un valore di un array tipo `[T; N]` contiene `N` (una costante _compile-"
"time_) elementi dello stesso tipo `T`. Nota che la lunghezza dell'array è "
"_parte del suo tipo_, il che significa che `[u8; 3]` e `[u8; 4]` sono "
"considerati due tipi diversi."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:49
msgid ""
"Try accessing an out-of-bounds array element. Array accesses are checked at "
"runtime. Rust can usually optimize these checks away, and they can be "
"avoided using unsafe Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:53
msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays."
msgstr "Si possono usare i letterali per assegnare i valori agli array."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:55
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `println!` macro asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format "
"parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. "
"Types such as integers and strings implement the default output, but arrays "
"only implement the debug output. This means that we must use debug output "
"here."
msgstr ""
"Nalla funzione main, l'istruzione print richiede l'implementazione 'debug' "
"con il parametro `?`: `{}` da l'output predefinito (_default_), `{:?}` da "
"l'output tipo debug. Si sarebbe anche potuto usare `{a}` e `{a:?}` senza "
"specificare il valore dopo la stringa formattata."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:60
msgid ""
"Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be "
"easier to read."
msgstr ""
"Aggiungendo `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, si invoca un formato \"pretty printing\", il "
"quale può essere più facile da leggere."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:63
msgid "Tuples:"
msgstr "Tuple:"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:65
msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length."
msgstr "Come gli array, le tuple hanno una lunghezza fissa."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:67
msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type."
msgstr "Le tuple raggruppano valori di tipi diversi in un tipo composto."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:69
msgid ""
"Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, "
"e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`."
msgstr ""
"È possibile accedere ai campi di una tupla tramite il punto e l'indice del "
"valore, ad es. `t.0`, `t.1`."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:72
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, "
"and the only valid value of that type --- that is to say both the type and "
"its value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a "
"function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide."
msgstr ""
"La tupla vuota `()` è anche nota come \"tipo di unità\". È sia un tipo che "
"l'unico valore valido di quel tipo, vale a dire sia il tipo che il suo "
"valore sono espressi come `()`. Viene utilizzato per indicare, ad esempio, "
"che una funzione o espressione che non ha alcun valore di ritorno, come "
"vedremo in una diapositiva futura. "
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md:76
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other "
"programming languages."
msgstr ""
"Puoi pensarlo come un \"vuoto\" che può esserti familiare da altri linguaggi "
"di programmazione."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md:3
msgid "The `for` statement supports iterating over arrays (but not tuples)."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md:19
msgid ""
"This functionality uses the `IntoIterator` trait, but we haven't covered "
"that yet."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md:22
msgid ""
"The `assert_ne!` macro is new here. There are also `assert_eq!` and `assert!"
"` macros. These are always checked while, debug-only variants like "
"`debug_assert!` compile to nothing in release builds."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `match` keyword lets you match a value against one or more _patterns_. "
"The comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins."
msgstr ""
"La parola chiave `match` ti consente di confrontare un valore con uno o più "
"_pattern_. IL i confronti vengono effettuati dall'alto verso il basso e "
"vince la prima partita."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:"
msgstr ""
"I modelli possono essere valori semplici, in modo simile a `switch` in C e C+"
"+:"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:11
msgid "'x'"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:13
msgid "'q'"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:13
msgid "\"Quitting\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:14 src/std-traits/solution.md:16
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:62 src/error-handling/exercise.md:64
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:62 src/error-handling/solution.md:64
msgid "'a'"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:14
msgid "'s'"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:14
msgid "'w'"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:14
msgid "'d'"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:14
msgid "\"Moving around\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:15 src/error-handling/exercise.md:54
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:56 src/error-handling/exercise.md:64
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:54 src/error-handling/solution.md:56
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:64
msgid "'0'"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:15 src/error-handling/exercise.md:54
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:56 src/error-handling/exercise.md:64
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:54 src/error-handling/solution.md:56
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:64
msgid "'9'"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:15
msgid "\"Number input\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:16
msgid "\"Lowercase: {key}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:17
msgid "\"Something else\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:22
msgid ""
"The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value. The "
"expressions _must_ be irrefutable, meaning that it covers every possibility, "
"so `_` is often used as the final catch-all case."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Match can be used as an expression. Just like `if`, each match arm must have "
"the same type. The type is the last expression of the block, if any. In the "
"example above, the type is `()`."
msgstr ""
"Come `if let`, ogni braccio di corrispondenza deve avere lo stesso tipo. Il "
"tipo è l'ultimo espressione del blocco, se esiste. Nell'esempio precedente, "
"il tipo è `()`."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:30
msgid ""
"A variable in the pattern (`key` in this example) will create a binding that "
"can be used within the match arm."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:33
msgid "A match guard causes the arm to match only if the condition is true."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:38 src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:35
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:29 src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:69
msgid "Key Points:"
msgstr "Punti chiave:"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a "
"pattern"
msgstr ""
"Potresti sottolineare come vengono utilizzati alcuni caratteri specifici "
"quando in uno schema"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:42
msgid "`|` as an `or`"
msgstr "`|` come un `or`"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:43
msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be"
msgstr "`..` può espandersi fino a quanto necessario"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:44
msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range"
msgstr "`1..=5` rappresenta un intervallo inclusivo"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:45
msgid "`_` is a wild card"
msgstr "`_` è un carattere jolly"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when "
"we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would "
"allow."
msgstr ""
"Le guardie di corrispondenza come caratteristica di sintassi separata sono "
"importanti e necessarie quando desideriamo esprimere in modo conciso idee "
"più complesse di quanto i soli schemi consentirebbero."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. "
"An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the "
"match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't "
"result in other arms of the original `match` expression being considered."
msgstr ""
"Non sono la stessa cosa dell'espressione `if` separata all'interno del "
"braccio della corrispondenza. Un'espressione `if` all'interno del blocco di "
"diramazione (dopo `=>`) si verifica dopo che è stato selezionato il braccio "
"di corrispondenza. Il fallimento della condizione \"if\" all'interno di quel "
"blocco non comporterà altre braccia dell'espressione `match` originale "
"considerata."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern "
"with an `|`."
msgstr ""
"La condizione definita nella guardia si applica a ogni espressione in un "
"modello con un `|`."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:3
msgid ""
"Destructuring is a way of extracting data from a data structure by writing a "
"pattern that is matched up to the data structure, binding variables to "
"subcomponents of the data structure."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can destructure tuples and arrays by matching on their elements:"
msgstr "Puoi destrutturare array, tuple e slice abbinando i loro elementi:"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:18
msgid "\"on Y axis\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:19
msgid "\"on X axis\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:20
msgid "\"left of Y axis\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:21
msgid "\"below X axis\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:22
msgid "\"first quadrant\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:33
msgid "\"Tell me about {triple:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:35
msgid "\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:36
msgid "\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:37
msgid "\"All elements were ignored\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:45
msgid "Create a new array pattern using `_` to represent an element."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:46
msgid "Add more values to the array."
msgstr "Aggiungi più valori all’array."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:47
msgid ""
"Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of "
"elements."
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md:49
msgid "Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:3
msgid "Arrays can contain other arrays:"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "What is the type of this variable?"
msgstr "Qual è il tipo di \"parola\" in ogni ciclo?"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use an array such as the above to write a function `transpose` which will "
"transpose a matrix (turn rows into columns):"
msgstr ""
"Usa quanto sopra per scrivere una funzione `pretty_print` che stampa in modo "
"efficace una matrice e una funzione `transpose` che traspone una matrice "
"(trasforma le righe in colonne):"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:22
msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices."
msgstr "Implementa entrambe le funzioni per operare su matrici 3 × 3."
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:24
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
"functions:"
msgstr ""
"Copia il codice qui sotto in <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e implementa le "
"funzioni:"
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:28 src/borrowing/exercise.md:14
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:51
msgid "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:37 src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:34
msgid "// <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:42 src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:39
msgid "\"matrix: {:#?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md:44 src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:41
msgid "\"transposed: {:#?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:17 src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md:25
msgid "//\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/references.md:4
msgid "[Shared References](./references/shared.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/references.md:5
msgid "[Exclusive References](./references/exclusive.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/references.md:6
msgid "[Exercise: Geometry](./references/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/references.md:8 src/user-defined-types.md:11 src/pattern-matching.md:8
msgid "This segment should take about 50 minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/references/shared.md:3
msgid ""
"A reference provides a way to access another value without taking "
"responsibility for the value, and is also called \"borrowing\". Shared "
"references are read-only, and the referenced data cannot change."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/shared.md:20
msgid ""
"A shared reference to a type `T` has type `&T`. A reference value is made "
"with the `&` operator. The `*` operator \"dereferences\" a reference, "
"yielding its value."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/shared.md:24
msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:"
msgstr "Rust proibirà staticamente i riferimenti penzolanti:"
#: src/references/shared.md:38
msgid ""
"A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to, and this is a good "
"model for students not familiar with pointers: code can use the reference to "
"access the value, but is still \"owned\" by the original variable. The "
"course will get into more detail on ownership in day 3."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/shared.md:43
msgid ""
"References are implemented as pointers, and a key advantage is that they can "
"be much smaller than the thing they point to. Students familiar with C or C+"
"+ will recognize references as pointers. Later parts of the course will "
"cover how Rust prevents the memory-safety bugs that come from using raw "
"pointers."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/shared.md:48
msgid ""
"Rust does not automatically create references for you - the `&` is always "
"required."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/shared.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking "
"methods (try `r.count_ones()`). There is no need for an `->` operator like "
"in C++."
msgstr ""
"In alcuni casi Rust dereferenzia automaticamente, in particolare durante "
"l'invocazione di metodi (prova `ref_x.count_ones()`)."
#: src/references/shared.md:54
msgid ""
"In this example, `r` is mutable so that it can be reassigned (`r = &b`). "
"Note that this re-binds `r`, so that it refers to something else. This is "
"different from C++, where assignment to a reference changes the referenced "
"value."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/shared.md:58
msgid ""
"A shared reference does not allow modifying the value it refers to, even if "
"that value was mutable. Try `*r = 'X'`."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/shared.md:61
msgid ""
"Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long "
"enough. Dangling references cannot occur in safe Rust. `x_axis` would return "
"a reference to `point`, but `point` will be deallocated when the function "
"returns, so this will not compile."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/shared.md:66
msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership."
msgstr ""
"Parleremo di più del _borrowing_ quando arriveremo alla proprietà "
"(_ownership_)."
#: src/references/exclusive.md:3
msgid ""
"Exclusive references, also known as mutable references, allow changing the "
"value they refer to. They have type `&mut T`."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/exclusive.md:22
msgid ""
"\"Exclusive\" means that only this reference can be used to access the "
"value. No other references (shared or exclusive) can exist at the same time, "
"and the referenced value cannot be accessed while the exclusive reference "
"exists. Try making an `&point.0` or changing `point.0` while `x_coord` is "
"alive."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/exclusive.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Be sure to note the difference between `let mut x_coord: &i32` and `let "
"x_coord: &mut i32`. The first one represents a shared reference which can be "
"bound to different values, while the second represents an exclusive "
"reference to a mutable value."
msgstr ""
"Assicurati di notare la differenza tra `let mut ref_x: &i32` e `let ref_x: "
"&mut i32`. Il primo rappresenta un riferimento mutevole a cui può essere "
"associato valori diversi, mentre il secondo rappresenta un riferimento a un "
"valore mutabile."
#: src/references/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"We will create a few utility functions for 3-dimensional geometry, "
"representing a point as `[f64;3]`. It is up to you to determine the function "
"signatures."
msgstr ""
#: src/references/exercise.md:7
msgid ""
"// Calculate the magnitude of a vector by summing the squares of its "
"coordinates\n"
"// and taking the square root. Use the `sqrt()` method to calculate the "
"square\n"
"// root, like `v.sqrt()`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/references/exercise.md:15
msgid ""
"// Normalize a vector by calculating its magnitude and dividing all of its\n"
"// coordinates by that magnitude.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/references/exercise.md:23
msgid "// Use the following `main` to test your work.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/references/exercise.md:27 src/references/solution.md:22
msgid "\"Magnitude of a unit vector: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/references/exercise.md:30 src/references/solution.md:25
msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?}: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/references/exercise.md:32 src/references/solution.md:27
msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?} after normalization: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/references/solution.md:4
msgid "/// Calculate the magnitude of the given vector.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/references/solution.md:12
msgid ""
"/// Change the magnitude of the vector to 1.0 without changing its "
"direction.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types.md:4
msgid "[Named Structs](./user-defined-types/named-structs.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types.md:5
msgid "[Tuple Structs](./user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types.md:6
msgid "[Enums](./user-defined-types/enums.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types.md:7
msgid ""
"[Static and Const](./user-defined-types/static-and-const.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types.md:8
msgid "[Type Aliases](./user-defined-types/aliases.md) (2 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types.md:9
msgid ""
"[Exercise: Elevator Events](./user-defined-types/exercise.md) (15 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:"
msgstr "Come C e C++, Rust supporta le strutture personalizzate:"
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:12
msgid "\"{} is {} years old\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:16
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:87
msgid "\"Peter\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:22
msgid "\"Avery\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:27
msgid "\"Jackie\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:37
msgid "Structs work like in C or C++."
msgstr "Structs funzionano come in C o C++."
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:38
msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:39
msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:40
msgid ""
"This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of "
"structs."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:42
msgid ""
"Zero-sized structs (e.g. `struct Foo;`) might be used when implementing a "
"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the "
"value itself."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:45
msgid ""
"The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are "
"not important."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the "
"struct using a shorthand."
msgstr ""
"Se disponi già di variabili con i nomi corretti, puoi creare il file struct "
"usando una scorciatoia:"
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md:49
msgid ""
"The syntax `..avery` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the "
"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be "
"the last element."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:"
msgstr ""
"Se i nomi dei campi non sono importanti, puoi utilizzare una struttura di "
"tupla:"
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:14
msgid "\"({}, {})\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):"
msgstr ""
"Questo è spesso usato per i wrapper a campo singolo (chiamati newtypes):"
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:25
msgid "\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:29
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:50
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:14
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:98 src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:101
msgid "// ...\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in "
"a primitive type, for example:"
msgstr ""
"I newtype sono un ottimo modo per codificare informazioni aggiuntive sul "
"valore in un tipo primitivo, ad esempio:"
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above."
msgstr ""
"Il numero è misurato in alcune unità: `Newton` nell'esempio precedente."
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have "
"to validate it again at every use: `PhoneNumber(String)` or `OddNumber(u32)`."
msgstr ""
"Il valore ha superato una certa convalida quando è stato creato, quindi non "
"è più necessario convalidarlo nuovamente a ogni utilizzo: 'Numero di "
"telefono (Stringa)`o`Numero dispari (u32)\\`."
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the "
"single field in the newtype."
msgstr ""
"Dimostra come aggiungere un valore `f64` a un tipo `Newtons` accedendo al "
"singolo campo nel newtype."
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or "
"for instance using booleans as integers."
msgstr ""
"A Rust in genere non piacciono le cose inesplicite, come l'unwrapping "
"automatico o, ad esempio, l'uso di valori booleani come numeri interi."
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)."
msgstr "Il sovraccarico degli operatori viene discusso il giorno 3 (generici)."
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md:52
msgid ""
"The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en."
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different "
"variants:"
msgstr ""
"La parola chiave `enum` consente la creazione di un tipo che ne ha alcuni "
"diverse varianti:"
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:15
msgid "// Simple variant\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:16
msgid "// Tuple variant\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:17
msgid "// Struct variant\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:22
msgid "\"On this turn: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type."
msgstr ""
"Le enumerazioni consentono di raccogliere un insieme di valori in un unico "
"tipo"
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:32
msgid ""
"`Direction` is a type with variants. There are two values of `Direction`: "
"`Direction::Left` and `Direction::Right`."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:34
msgid ""
"`PlayerMove` is a type with three variants. In addition to the payloads, "
"Rust will store a discriminant so that it knows at runtime which variant is "
"in a `PlayerMove` value."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "This might be a good time to compare structs and enums:"
msgstr "Questo potrebbe essere un buon momento per confrontare Struct ed Enum:"
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one "
"with different types of fields (variant payloads)."
msgstr ""
"In entrambi, puoi avere una versione semplice senza campi (unit struct) o "
"una con diversi tipi di campi (variant payload)."
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate "
"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were "
"all defined in an enum."
msgstr ""
"Potresti persino implementare le diverse varianti di un'enumerazione con "
"strutture separate, ma non sarebbero dello stesso tipo che sarebbero se "
"fossero tutte definite in un'enumerazione."
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:43
msgid "Rust uses minimal space to store the discriminant."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:44
msgid "If necessary, it stores an integer of the smallest required size"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:45
msgid ""
"If the allowed variant values do not cover all bit patterns, it will use "
"invalid bit patterns to encode the discriminant (the \"niche "
"optimization\"). For example, `Option<&u8>` stores either a pointer to an "
"integer or `NULL` for the `None` variant."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:49
msgid ""
"You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:67
msgid ""
"Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 "
"bytes."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:70
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:76
#: src/memory-management/review.md:51 src/memory-management/move.md:100
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:84 src/borrowing/shared.md:33
msgid "More to Explore"
msgstr "Ulteriori aspetti da Esplorare"
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:72
msgid ""
"Rust has several optimizations it can employ to make enums take up less "
"space."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:74
msgid ""
"Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::<T>()` equals "
"`size_of::<Option<T>>()`."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md:78
msgid ""
"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look "
"like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no "
"guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:3
msgid ""
"Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-"
"scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of "
"the program."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:6
msgid "`const`"
msgstr "`const`"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:8
msgid ""
"Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are "
"inlined wherever they are used:"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
"vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use."
msgstr ""
"Secondo il [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-"
"static.html) questi sono incorporati dopo l'uso."
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:33
msgid ""
"Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate "
"`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:36
msgid "`static`"
msgstr "`static`"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:38
msgid ""
"Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and "
"therefore will not move:"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\""
msgstr "Benvenuto al primo giorno"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:45
msgid "\"{BANNER}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
"vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual "
"associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, and "
"the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a "
"globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, "
"`const` is generally preferred."
msgstr ""
"Come notato nel [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
"vs-static.html), questi non sono allineati durante l'uso e hanno una "
"posizione di memoria associata effettiva. Questo è utile per il codice non "
"sicuro e incorporato e la variabile vive per tutta l'esecuzione del "
"programma."
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:58
#, fuzzy
msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`."
msgstr ""
"Menziona che `const` si comporta semanticamente in modo simile a `constexpr` "
"del C++."
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:59
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable "
"global variable in C++."
msgstr ""
"`static`, d'altra parte, è molto più simile a una `const` o variabile "
"globale mutabile in C++."
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:61
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as "
"required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex<T>`."
msgstr ""
"Non è molto comune che si abbia bisogno di una costante valutata in fase di "
"esecuzione, ma è utile e più sicura rispetto all'utilizzo di una statica."
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:63
msgid ""
"It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but "
"it is helpful and safer than using a static."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:66
msgid "Properties table:"
msgstr "Tabella proprietà:"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:68
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:6
msgid "Property"
msgstr "Proprietà"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:68
msgid "Static"
msgstr "Statico (Static)"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:68
msgid "Constant"
msgstr "Costante"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:70
msgid "Has an address in memory"
msgstr "Ha un indirizzo in memoria"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:70
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:71
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:73
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:74
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:12
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:13
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:14
msgid "Yes"
msgstr "Si"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:70
msgid "No (inlined)"
msgstr "No (inlined)"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:71
msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program"
msgstr "La funzione `main` “vive” per l’intera durata del programma"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:71
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:72
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:74
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:15
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:16
msgid "No"
msgstr "No"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:72
msgid "Can be mutable"
msgstr "Può essere “mutable” (mutabile)"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:72
msgid "Yes (unsafe)"
msgstr "Si (“unsafe”)"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:73
msgid "Evaluated at compile time"
msgstr "Valutato a tempo di compilazione"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:73
msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)"
msgstr "Si (inizializzato a tempo di compilazione)"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:74
msgid "Inlined wherever it is used"
msgstr "Inlined tutte le volte che viene usato"
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:78
msgid ""
"Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be "
"`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md:83
msgid "Thread-local data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md:3
msgid ""
"A type alias creates a name for another type. The two types can be used "
"interchangeably."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md:13
msgid "// Aliases are more useful with long, complex types:\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md:23
msgid "C programmers will recognize this as similar to a `typedef`."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"We will create a data structure to represent an event in an elevator control "
"system. It is up to you to define the types and functions to construct "
"various events. Use `#[derive(Debug)]` to allow the types to be formatted "
"with `{:?}`."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:7
msgid ""
"This exercise only requires creating and populating data structures so that "
"`main` runs without errors. The next part of the course will cover getting "
"data out of these structures."
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:12 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:4
msgid ""
"/// An event in the elevator system that the controller must react to.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:15
msgid "// TODO: add required variants\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:17 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:22
msgid "/// A direction of travel.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:24 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:39
msgid "/// The car has arrived on the given floor.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:29 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:44
msgid "/// The car doors have opened.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:34 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:49
msgid "/// The car doors have closed.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:39 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:54
msgid ""
"/// A directional button was pressed in an elevator lobby on the given "
"floor.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:44 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:59
msgid "/// A floor button was pressed in the elevator car.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:52 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:67
msgid "\"A ground floor passenger has pressed the up button: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:55 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:70
msgid "\"The car has arrived on the ground floor: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:56 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:71
msgid "\"The car door opened: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:58 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:73
msgid "\"A passenger has pressed the 3rd floor button: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:61 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:76
msgid "\"The car door closed: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md:62 src/user-defined-types/solution.md:77
msgid "\"The car has arrived on the 3rd floor: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:7
msgid "/// A button was pressed.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:10
msgid "/// The car has arrived at the given floor.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:13
msgid "/// The car's doors have opened.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:16
msgid "/// The car's doors have closed.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:19
msgid "/// A floor is represented as an integer.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:29
msgid "/// A user-accessible button.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:33
msgid "/// A button in the elevator lobby on the given floor.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md:36
msgid "/// A floor button within the car.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1
msgid "Welcome to Day 2"
msgstr "Benvenuto al giorno 2"
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, today will focus on Rust's type "
"system:"
msgstr ""
"Ora che abbiamo visto una discreta quantità di ruggine, continueremo con:"
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Pattern matching: extracting data from structures."
msgstr "Pattern matching: destrutturazione di enum, struct e array."
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:7
msgid "Methods: associating functions with types."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:8
msgid "Traits: behaviors shared by multiple types."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:9
msgid "Generics: parameterizing types on other types."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:10
msgid ""
"Standard library types and traits: a tour of Rust's rich standard library."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:15
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-2.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Pattern Matching](./pattern-matching.md) (50 minutes)"
msgstr ""
"Vedi [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) per maggiori dettagli sui "
"pattern in Rust."
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:17
msgid "[Methods and Traits](./methods-and-traits.md) (55 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:18
msgid "[Generics](./generics.md) (45 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:20 src/welcome-day-4.md:19
msgid ""
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours and 5 "
"minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching.md:4
msgid "[Destructuring](./pattern-matching/destructuring.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching.md:5
msgid "[Let Control Flow](./pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching.md:6
msgid ""
"[Exercise: Expression Evaluation](./pattern-matching/exercise.md) (30 "
"minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:3
msgid "Like tuples, structs and enums can also be destructured by matching:"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:5
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:59
msgid "Structs"
msgstr "Strutture (Struct)"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:17
msgid "\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:18
msgid "\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:19
msgid "\"y = {y}, other fields were ignored\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is "
"how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple "
"`enum` type:"
msgstr ""
"I modelli possono anche essere usati per associare variabili a parti dei "
"tuoi valori. Questo è come ispezioni la struttura dei tuoi tipi. Iniziamo "
"con un semplice tipo `enum`:"
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:39
msgid "\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:46
msgid "\"{n} divided in two is {half}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:47
msgid "\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first "
"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second "
"arm, `msg` is bound to the error message."
msgstr ""
"Qui abbiamo usato le braccia per _destrutturare_ il valore `Result`. Nel "
"primo arm, \"half\" è legato al valore all'interno della variante \"Ok\". "
"Nel secondo braccio, `msg` è associato al messaggio di errore."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:61
#, fuzzy
msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns."
msgstr ""
"Cambia i valori letterali in `foo` in modo che corrispondano agli altri "
"modelli."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed."
msgstr ""
"Aggiungi un nuovo campo a \"Foo\" e apporta le modifiche al modello secondo "
"necessità."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:63
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to "
"spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it "
"subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again."
msgstr ""
"La distinzione tra una cattura e un'espressione costante può essere "
"difficile da fare macchiare. Prova a cambiare il \"2\" nel secondo braccio "
"in una variabile e osservalo sottilmente non funziona. Cambialo in un "
"`const` e guardalo funzionare di nuovo."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:71
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with "
"a `match`."
msgstr ""
"L'espressione `if`/`else` restituisce un enum che viene successivamente "
"decompresso con un `match`."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:73
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the "
"errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now "
"inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints."
msgstr ""
"Puoi provare ad aggiungere una terza variante alla definizione enum e "
"visualizzare gli errori durante l'esecuzione del codice. Indica i punti in "
"cui il tuo codice è ora inesausto e come il compilatore cerca di darti "
"suggerimenti."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:76
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern "
"matched."
msgstr ""
"È possibile accedere ai valori nelle varianti enum solo dopo essere stati "
"abbinati al modello. Il modello lega i riferimenti ai campi nel \"match "
"arm\" dopo il `=>`."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:78
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage "
"the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled."
msgstr ""
"Dimostrare cosa succede quando la ricerca è inesauribile. Nota il vantaggio "
"fornito dal compilatore Rust confermando quando tutti i casi vengono gestiti."
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md:80
msgid ""
"Save the result of `divide_in_two` in the `result` variable and `match` it "
"in a loop. That won't compile because `msg` is consumed when matched. To fix "
"it, match `&result` instead of `result`. That will make `msg` a reference so "
"it won't be consumed. This [\"match ergonomics\"](https://rust-lang.github."
"io/rfcs/2005-match-ergonomics.html) appeared in Rust 2018. If you want to "
"support older Rust, replace `msg` with `ref msg` in the pattern."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust has a few control flow constructs which differ from other languages. "
"They are used for pattern matching:"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:6
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:10
msgid "`if let` expressions"
msgstr "Espressioni `if let`"
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:7
msgid "`while let` expressions"
msgstr "espressioni `while let`"
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:8
msgid "`match` expressions"
msgstr "Espressioni `match`"
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:12
msgid ""
"The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on "
"whether a value matches a pattern:"
msgstr ""
"[L’espressione `if let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
"expr.html#if-let-expressions) consente di eseguire codice diverso a seconda "
"che un valore corrisponda a un pattern o meno:"
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:24
msgid "\"slept for {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "`let else` expressions"
msgstr "espressioni `while let`"
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:35
msgid ""
"For the common case of matching a pattern and returning from the function, "
"use [`let else`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/"
"let_else.html). The \"else\" case must diverge (`return`, `break`, or panic "
"- anything but falling off the end of the block)."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:45
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:108
msgid "\"got None\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:51
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:112
msgid "\"got empty string\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:57
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:116
msgid "\"not a hex digit\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:62
#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md:113
msgid "\"result: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:62 src/generics/trait-bounds.md:16
#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md:87 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:90
#: src/testing/googletest.md:11 src/testing/googletest.md:12
#: src/testing/solution.md:83
msgid "\"foo\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:66
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which "
"repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:"
msgstr ""
"Come con `if let`, c'è un [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
"expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variante che verifica "
"ripetutamente un valore rispetto a un modello:"
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:82
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Here [`String::pop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/string/struct."
"String.html#method.pop) returns `Some(c)` until the string is empty, after "
"which it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through "
"all items."
msgstr ""
"Qui l'iteratore restituito da `v.iter()` restituirà una `Option<i32>` su "
"ogni chiamata a `next()`. Restituisce `Some(x)` finché non è finito, "
"dopodiché lo farà restituire \"Nessuno\". Il `while let` ci consente di "
"continuare a scorrere tutti gli elementi."
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:90
msgid "if-let"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:92
msgid ""
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make "
"it more concise than `match`."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:94
msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:95
msgid ""
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:97
msgid "let-else"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:99
msgid ""
"`if-let`s can pile up, as shown. The `let-else` construct supports "
"flattening this nested code. Rewrite the awkward version for students, so "
"they can see the transformation."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:103
msgid "The rewritten version is:"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:123
#, fuzzy
msgid "while-let"
msgstr "Cicli `while let`"
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:125
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value "
"matches the pattern."
msgstr ""
"Fai notare che il ciclo `while let` continuerà finché il valore corrisponde "
"al modello."
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md:127
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if "
"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `name.pop()`. The "
"`while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario."
msgstr ""
"Potresti riscrivere il ciclo `while let` come un ciclo infinito con "
"un'istruzione if che si interrompe quando non c'è alcun valore da scartare "
"per `iter.next()`. Il `while let` fornisce lo zucchero sintattico per lo "
"scenario di cui sopra."
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:3
msgid "Let's write a simple recursive evaluator for arithmetic expressions."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:5
msgid ""
"The `Box` type here is a smart pointer, and will be covered in detail later "
"in the course. An expression can be \"boxed\" with `Box::new` as seen in the "
"tests. To evaluate a boxed expression, use the deref operator (`*`) to "
"\"unbox\" it: `eval(*boxed_expr)`."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:10
msgid ""
"Some expressions cannot be evaluated and will return an error. The standard "
"[`Result<Value, String>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/enum.Result."
"html) type is an enum that represents either a successful value "
"(`Ok(Value)`) or an error (`Err(String)`). We will cover this type in detail "
"later."
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:15
msgid ""
"Copy and paste the code into the Rust playground, and begin implementing "
"`eval`. The final product should pass the tests. It may be helpful to use "
"`todo!()` and get the tests to pass one-by-one. You can also skip a test "
"temporarily with `#[ignore]`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:26
msgid ""
"If you finish early, try writing a test that results in division by zero or "
"integer overflow. How could you handle this with `Result` instead of a panic?"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:30 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:4
msgid "/// An operation to perform on two subexpressions.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:38 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:12
msgid "/// An expression, in tree form.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:42 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:16
msgid "/// An operation on two subexpressions.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:45 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:19
msgid "/// A literal value\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md:104 src/pattern-matching/solution.md:40
#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md:102
msgid "\"division by zero\""
msgstr ""
#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md:112
msgid "\"expr: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:4
msgid "[Methods](./methods-and-traits/methods.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:5
msgid "[Traits](./methods-and-traits/traits.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:6
msgid "[Deriving](./methods-and-traits/deriving.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:7
msgid "[Trait Objects](./methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:8
msgid ""
"[Exercise: Generic Logger](./methods-and-traits/exercise.md) (20 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits.md:10
msgid "This segment should take about 55 minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with "
"an `impl` block:"
msgstr ""
"Rust ti consente di associare funzioni ai tuoi nuovi tipi. Lo fai con un "
"Blocco `impl`:"
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:14
msgid "// No receiver, a static method\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:19
msgid "// Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:24
msgid "// Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:26
msgid "\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:28
msgid "\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:32
msgid "// Exclusive ownership of self\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:35
msgid "\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:40
msgid "\"Monaco Grand Prix\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:47
msgid "// race.add_lap(42);\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `self` arguments specify the \"receiver\" - the object the method acts "
"on. There are several common receivers for a method:"
msgstr ""
"Il `&self` sopra indica che il metodo prende in prestito l'oggetto in modo "
"immutabile. Là sono altri possibili ricevitori per un metodo:"
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:54
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable "
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
msgstr ""
"`&self`: prende in prestito l'oggetto dal chiamante usando un oggetto "
"condiviso e immutabile riferimento. L'oggetto può essere riutilizzato in "
"seguito."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:56
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable "
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
msgstr ""
"`&mut self`: prende in prestito l'oggetto dal chiamante usando un oggetto "
"unico e mutabile riferimento. L'oggetto può essere riutilizzato in seguito."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:58
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The "
"method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped "
"(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly "
"transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability."
msgstr ""
"`self`: assume la proprietà dell'oggetto e lo allontana dal chiamante. IL "
"metodo diventa il proprietario dell'oggetto. L'oggetto verrà eliminato "
"(deallocato) quando il metodo ritorna, a meno che la sua proprietà non sia "
"esplicita trasmesso."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object."
msgstr ""
"`mut self`: come sopra, ma mentre il metodo possiede l'oggetto, può farlo "
"muta anche questo. Proprietà completa non significa automaticamente "
"mutabilità."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:63
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to "
"create constructors which are called `new` by convention."
msgstr ""
"Nessun ricevitore: questo diventa un metodo statico sulla struttura. "
"Tipicamente utilizzato per creare costruttori che sono chiamati \"nuovi\" "
"per convenzione."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:71
#, fuzzy
msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions."
msgstr "Può essere utile introdurre metodi confrontandoli con funzioni."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:72
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the "
"first parameter represents the instance as `self`."
msgstr ""
"I metodi vengono chiamati su un'istanza di un tipo (come struct o enum), il "
"primo parametro rappresenta l'istanza come `self`."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:74
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver "
"syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep "
"all the implementation code in one predictable place."
msgstr ""
"Gli sviluppatori possono scegliere di utilizzare i metodi per sfruttare la "
"sintassi del ricevitore del metodo e per mantenerli più organizzati. "
"Utilizzando i metodi possiamo mantenere tutto il codice di implementazione "
"in un posto prevedibile."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:77
#, fuzzy
msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver."
msgstr "Sottolinea l'uso della parola chiave `self`, un ricevitore di metodo."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:78
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how "
"the struct name could also be used."
msgstr ""
"Mostra che è un termine abbreviato per `self:&Self` e forse mostra come "
"potrebbe essere usato anche il nome struct."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:80
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and "
"can be used elsewhere in the block."
msgstr ""
"Spiega che `Self` è un alias di tipo per il tipo in cui si trova il blocco "
"`impl` e può essere utilizzato altrove nel blocco."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:82
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to "
"refer to individual fields."
msgstr ""
"Nota come `self` viene utilizzato come altre strutture e la notazione con "
"punto può essere utilizzata per fare riferimento a singoli campi."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:84
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` "
"by trying to run `finish` twice."
msgstr ""
"Questo potrebbe essere un buon momento per dimostrare in che modo `&self` "
"differisce da `self` modificando il codice e provando a eseguire say_hello "
"due volte."
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md:86
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be "
"receiver types, such as `Box<Self>`."
msgstr ""
"Oltre alle varianti su \"self\", ci sono anche [tipi di wrapper speciali]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) possono "
"essere tipi di ricevitore, come `Box<Self>`."
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:"
msgstr ""
"Rust ti consente di astrarre sui tipi con tratti. Sono simili alle "
"interfacce:"
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:18
msgid "\"Oh you're a cutie! What's your name? {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:24
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:20
msgid "\"Woof, my name is {}!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:30
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:26
msgid "\"Miau!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:36
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:33
msgid "\"Fido\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:46
msgid ""
"A trait defines a number of methods that types must have in order to "
"implement the trait."
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:49
msgid "Traits are implemented in an `impl <trait> for <type> { .. }` block."
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Traits may specify pre-implemented (provided) methods and methods that users "
"are required to implement themselves. Provided methods can rely on required "
"methods. In this case, `greet` is provided, and relies on `talk`."
msgstr ""
"I tratti possono specificare metodi pre-implementati (predefiniti) e metodi "
"richiesti agli utenti implementare se stessi. I metodi con implementazioni "
"predefinite possono fare affidamento sui metodi richiesti."
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:3
msgid ""
"Supported traits can be automatically implemented for your custom types, as "
"follows:"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:15
msgid "// Default trait adds `default` constructor.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:16
msgid "// Clone trait adds `clone` method.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:17
msgid "\"EldurScrollz\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:18
msgid "// Debug trait adds support for printing with `{:?}`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:19
msgid "\"{:?} vs. {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md:26
msgid ""
"Derivation is implemented with macros, and many crates provide useful derive "
"macros to add useful functionality. For example, `serde` can derive "
"serialization support for a struct using `#[derive(Serialize)]`."
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a "
"collection:"
msgstr ""
"Gli oggetti tratto consentono valori di tipi diversi, ad esempio in una "
"raccolta:"
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:36
msgid "\"Hello, who are you? {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:"
msgstr "Layout della memoria dopo l'allocazione di \"animali domestici\":"
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:43
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": pets : : +----+----+----+----"
"+ :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ .->| F | i | d | o "
"| :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o | | +----+----+----+----"
"+ :\n"
": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ "
"`---------. :\n"
": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | data "
"| :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | | +-------+--|-------"
"+ :\n"
": : : | | | '-->| name | o, 4, 4 "
"| :\n"
": : : | | | | age | 5 "
"| :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | +-------+----------"
"+ :\n"
" : | | "
"| :\n"
" : | | | "
"vtable :\n"
" : | | | +----------------------"
"+ :\n"
" : | | '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::talk\" "
"| :\n"
" : | | +----------------------"
"+ :\n"
" : | "
"| :\n"
" : | | "
"data :\n"
" : | | +-------+-------"
"+ :\n"
" : | '-->| lives | 9 "
"| :\n"
" : | +-------+-------"
"+ :\n"
" : "
"| :\n"
" : | "
"vtable :\n"
" : | +----------------------"
"+ :\n"
" : '---->| \"<Cat as Pet>::talk\" "
"| :\n"
" : +----------------------"
"+ :\n"
" : :\n"
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:78
msgid ""
"Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it "
"impossible to have things like `Vec<dyn Pet>` in the example above."
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:80
msgid ""
"`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that "
"implements `Pet`."
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:82
msgid ""
"In the example, `pets` is allocated on the stack and the vector data is on "
"the heap. The two vector elements are _fat pointers_:"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:84
msgid ""
"A fat pointer is a double-width pointer. It has two components: a pointer to "
"the actual object and a pointer to the [virtual method table](https://en."
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_method_table) (vtable) for the `Pet` "
"implementation of that particular object."
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:87
msgid ""
"The data for the `Dog` named Fido is the `name` and `age` fields. The `Cat` "
"has a `lives` field."
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:89
msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:91
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:92 src/std-traits/closures.md:63
msgid "\"{} {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:93
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md:94 src/std-traits/exercise.md:23
#: src/std-traits/solution.md:29 src/modules/exercise.md:136
#: src/modules/solution.md:78 src/android/build-rules/library.md:44
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:17
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:59
msgid "\"{}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"Let's design a simple logging utility, using a trait `Logger` with a `log` "
"method. Code which might log its progress can then take an `&impl Logger`. "
"In testing, this might put messages in the test logfile, while in a "
"production build it would send messages to a log server."
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:8
msgid ""
"However, the `StderrLogger` given below logs all messages, regardless of "
"verbosity. Your task is to write a `VerbosityFilter` type that will ignore "
"messages above a maximum verbosity."
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:12
msgid ""
"This is a common pattern: a struct wrapping a trait implementation and "
"implementing that same trait, adding behavior in the process. What other "
"kinds of wrappers might be useful in a logging utility?"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:20 src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:7
msgid "/// Log a message at the given verbosity level.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:28 src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:15
msgid "\"verbosity={verbosity}: {message}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:33 src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:20
msgid "\"FYI\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:34 src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:21
msgid "\"Uhoh\""
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md:36
msgid "// TODO: Define and implement `VerbosityFilter`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/methods-and-traits/solution.md:23
msgid "/// Only log messages up to the given verbosity level.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics.md:4
msgid "[Generic Functions](./generics/generic-functions.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics.md:5
msgid "[Generic Data Types](./generics/generic-data.md) (15 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics.md:6
msgid "[Trait Bounds](./generics/trait-bounds.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics.md:7
msgid "[impl Trait](./generics/impl-trait.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics.md:8
msgid "[Exercise: Generic min](./generics/exercise.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics.md:10 src/smart-pointers.md:8 src/iterators.md:9
#: src/error-handling.md:11
msgid "This segment should take about 45 minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust supports generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data "
"structures (such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored."
msgstr ""
"Rust supporta i generici, che ti consentono di astrarre un algoritmo (come "
"l'ordinamento) sui tipi utilizzati nell'algoritmo."
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:7
msgid "/// Pick `even` or `odd` depending on the value of `n`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:17
msgid "\"picked a number: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:18
msgid "\"picked a tuple: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:18
msgid "\"dog\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:18
msgid "\"cat\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:25
msgid ""
"Rust infers a type for T based on the types of the arguments and return "
"value."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:27
msgid ""
"This is similar to C++ templates, but Rust partially compiles the generic "
"function immediately, so that function must be valid for all types matching "
"the constraints. For example, try modifying `pick` to return `even + odd` if "
"`n == 0`. Even if only the `pick` instantiation with integers is used, Rust "
"still considers it invalid. C++ would let you do this."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites. This "
"is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had "
"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction."
msgstr ""
"Questa è un'astrazione a costo zero: ottieni esattamente lo stesso risultato "
"che se avessi codificato a mano le strutture dati senza l'astrazione."
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:"
msgstr "Puoi utilizzare i generici per astrarre sul tipo di campo concreto:"
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:17
msgid "// fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:23
msgid "\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:24
msgid "\"coords: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Isn't that "
"redundant?"
msgstr ""
"_D:_ Perché `T` è specificato due volte in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Non è "
"ridondante?"
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. "
"They are independently generic."
msgstr ""
"Questo perché si tratta di una sezione di implementazione generica per un "
"tipo generico. Sono indipendentemente generici."
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`."
msgstr "Significa che questi metodi sono definiti per qualsiasi `T`."
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point<u32> { .. }`."
msgstr "È possibile scrivere `impl Point<u32> { .. }`."
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point<f64>`, but methods in this "
"block will only be available for `Point<u32>`."
msgstr ""
"`Point` è ancora generico e puoi usare `Point<f64>`, ma i metodi in questo "
"blocco saranno disponibili solo per `Point<u32>`."
#: src/generics/generic-data.md:40
msgid ""
"Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`. Update the "
"code to allow points that have elements of different types, by using two "
"type variables, e.g., `T` and `U`."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement "
"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods."
msgstr ""
"Quando si lavora con i generici, spesso si desidera richiedere i tipi da "
"implementare qualche tratto, in modo da poter chiamare i metodi di questo "
"tratto."
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:"
msgstr "Puoi farlo con `T: Trait` o `impl Trait`:"
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:12
msgid "// struct NotClonable;\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:18
msgid "\"{pair:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:25
msgid "Try making a `NonClonable` and passing it to `duplicate`."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:27
msgid "When multiple traits are necessary, use `+` to join them."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code."
msgstr ""
"Mostra una clausola `where`, gli studenti la incontreranno durante la "
"lettura del codice."
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters."
msgstr "Riordina la firma della funzione se hai molti parametri."
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful."
msgstr "Ha funzionalità aggiuntive che lo rendono più potente."
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can "
"be arbitrary, like `Option<T>`."
msgstr ""
"Se qualcuno lo chiede, la caratteristica extra è che il tipo a sinistra di "
"\":\" può essere arbitrario, come `Option<T>`."
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md:45
msgid ""
"Note that Rust does not (yet) support specialization. For example, given the "
"original `duplicate`, it is invalid to add a specialized `duplicate(a: u32)`."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function "
"arguments and return values:"
msgstr ""
"Simile ai limiti dei tratti, in funzione può essere utilizzata una sintassi "
"`impl Trait` argomenti e valori restituiti:"
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:7
msgid ""
"// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
"// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:19
msgid "\"{many}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:21
msgid "\"{many_more}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:23
msgid "\"debuggable: {debuggable:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name. The "
"meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions."
msgstr ""
"Il significato di \"impl Trait\" è leggermente diverso nelle diverse "
"posizioni."
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a "
"trait bound."
msgstr ""
"Per un parametro, `impl Trait` è come un parametro generico anonimo con un "
"tratto associato."
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that "
"implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you "
"don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API."
msgstr ""
"Per un tipo restituito, significa che il tipo restituito è un tipo concreto "
"che implementa il tratto, senza nominare il tipo. Questo può essere utile "
"quando non vuoi esporre il tipo concreto in a API pubblica."
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks "
"the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A "
"function returning a generic type like `collect<B>() -> B` can return any "
"type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with "
"`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::"
"<Vec<_>>()`."
msgstr ""
"L'inferenza è difficile nella posizione di ritorno. Una funzione che "
"restituisce le scelte `impl Foo` il tipo concreto che restituisce, senza "
"scriverlo nella fonte. Una funzione restituire un tipo generico come "
"`collect<B>() -> B` può restituire qualsiasi tipo soddisfacente `B`, e il "
"chiamante potrebbe aver bisogno di sceglierne uno, come con `let x: Vec<_> = "
"foo.collect()` o con il turbofish, `foo.collect::<Vec<_>>()`."
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md:47
msgid ""
"What is the type of `debuggable`? Try `let debuggable: () = ..` to see what "
"the error message shows."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"In this short exercise, you will implement a generic `min` function that "
"determines the minimum of two values, using a `LessThan` trait."
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/exercise.md:8 src/generics/solution.md:5
msgid "/// Return true if self is less than other.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/exercise.md:29
msgid "// TODO: implement the `min` function used in `main`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/exercise.md:33 src/generics/solution.md:36
msgid "\"Shapiro\""
msgstr ""
#: src/generics/exercise.md:34 src/generics/exercise.md:35
#: src/generics/solution.md:37 src/generics/solution.md:38
msgid "\"Baumann\""
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md:4
msgid "[Standard Library Types](./std-types.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md:5
msgid "[Standard Library Traits](./std-traits.md) (1 hour and 40 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types.md:4
msgid "[Standard Library](./std-types/std.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types.md:5
msgid "[Documentation](./std-types/docs.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types.md:6
msgid "[Option](./std-types/option.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types.md:7
msgid "[Result](./std-types/result.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types.md:8
msgid "[String](./std-types/string.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types.md:9
msgid "[Vec](./std-types/vec.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types.md:10
msgid "[HashMap](./std-types/hashmap.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types.md:11
msgid "[Exercise: Counter](./std-types/exercise.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types.md:13 src/memory-management.md:13
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:11
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 10 minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types.md:18
msgid ""
"For each of the slides in this section, spend some time reviewing the "
"documentation pages, highlighting some of the more common methods."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/std.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common "
"types used by Rust libraries and programs. This way, two libraries can work "
"together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type."
msgstr ""
"Rust viene fornito con una libreria standard che aiuta a stabilire un "
"insieme di tipi comuni utilizzato dalla libreria e dai programmi Rust. In "
"questo modo, due librerie possono lavorare insieme senza problemi perché "
"entrambi usano lo stesso tipo `Stringa`."
#: src/std-types/std.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, "
"`alloc` and `std`."
msgstr ""
"Infatti, Rust contiene diversi strati della Libreria Standard: `core`, "
"`alloc` e `std`."
#: src/std-types/std.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on "
"`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system."
msgstr ""
"`core` include i tipi e le funzioni più basilari che non dipendono da "
"`libc`, allocator o anche la presenza di un sistema operativo."
#: src/std-types/std.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, "
"`Box` and `Arc`."
msgstr ""
"`alloc` include tipi che richiedono un allocatore heap globale, come `Vec`, "
"`Box` e `Arc`."
#: src/std-types/std.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`."
msgstr ""
"Le applicazioni embedded di Rust spesso usano solo `core` e talvolta `alloc`."
#: src/std-types/docs.md:3
msgid "Rust comes with extensive documentation. For example:"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/docs.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All of the details about [loops](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/"
"expressions/loop-expr.html)."
msgstr ""
"Se vuoi uscire prima da un ciclo, usa [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions),"
#: src/std-types/docs.md:7
msgid ""
"Primitive types like [`u8`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive."
"u8.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/docs.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Standard library types like [`Option`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/"
"option/enum.Option.html) or [`BinaryHeap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/"
"std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html)."
msgstr ""
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) e [`String`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
#: src/std-types/docs.md:13
msgid "In fact, you can document your own code:"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/docs.md:16
msgid ""
"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second "
"argument.\n"
"///\n"
"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/docs.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are "
"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is "
"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern."
msgstr ""
"I contenuti sono trattati come Markdown. Tutti i _crate_ pubblicati della "
"libreria Rust sono automaticamente documentati in [`docs.rs`](https://docs."
"rs) utilizzando lo strumento [rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/"
"what-is-rustdoc.html). È idiomatico per documentare tutti gli elementi "
"pubblici in un'API utilizzando questo modello."
#: src/std-types/docs.md:32
msgid ""
"To document an item from inside the item (such as inside a module), use `//!"
"` or `/*! .. */`, called \"inner doc comments\":"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/docs.md:36
msgid ""
"//! This module contains functionality relating to divisibility of "
"integers.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/docs.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at <https://docs.rs/"
"rand>."
msgstr ""
"Mostra agli studenti i documenti generati per il _crate_ `rand` su [`docs.rs/"
"rand`](https://docs.rs/rand)."
#: src/std-types/option.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Option"
msgstr "Eccezioni"
#: src/std-types/option.md:3
msgid ""
"We have already seen some use of `Option<T>`. It stores either a value of "
"type `T` or nothing. For example, [`String::find`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"stable/std/string/struct.String.html#method.find) returns an `Option<usize>`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/option.md:10
msgid "\"Löwe 老虎 Léopard Gepardi\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/option.md:11
msgid "'é'"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/option.md:12 src/std-types/option.md:15
msgid "\"find returned {position:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/option.md:14
msgid "'Z'"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/option.md:16
msgid "\"Character not found\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/option.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Option` is widely used, not just in the standard library."
msgstr ""
"`Option` e `Result` sono ampiamente usati non solo nella libreria standard."
#: src/std-types/option.md:24
msgid ""
"`unwrap` will return the value in an `Option`, or panic. `expect` is similar "
"but takes an error message."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/option.md:26
msgid ""
"You can panic on None, but you can't \"accidentally\" forget to check for "
"None."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/option.md:28
msgid ""
"It's common to `unwrap`/`expect` all over the place when hacking something "
"together, but production code typically handles `None` in a nicer fashion."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/option.md:30
msgid ""
"The niche optimization means that `Option<T>` often has the same size in "
"memory as `T`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/result.md:1
msgid "Result"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/result.md:3
msgid ""
"`Result` is similar to `Option`, but indicates the success or failure of an "
"operation, each with a different type. This is similar to the `Res` defined "
"in the expression exercise, but generic: `Result<T, E>` where `T` is used in "
"the `Ok` variant and `E` appears in the `Err` variant."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/result.md:13
msgid "\"diary.txt\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/result.md:18
msgid "\"Dear diary: {contents} ({bytes} bytes)\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/result.md:20
msgid "\"Could not read file content\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/result.md:24
msgid "\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/result.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the "
"developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the "
"case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be "
"called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too."
msgstr ""
"Come con `Option`, il valore riuscito si trova all'interno di `Result`, "
"costringendo lo sviluppatore a farlo estrarlo esplicitamente. Questo "
"incoraggia il controllo degli errori. Nel caso in cui non dovesse mai "
"verificarsi un errore, È possibile chiamare `unwrap()` o `expect()`, e anche "
"questo è un segnale dell'intenzione dello sviluppatore."
#: src/std-types/result.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it "
"is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions "
"that help functional-style programming."
msgstr ""
"La documentazione `Result` è una lettura consigliata. Non durante il corso, "
"ma vale la pena menzionarlo. Contiene molti metodi e funzioni utili che "
"aiutano la programmazione in stile funzionale."
#: src/std-types/result.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on "
"Day 3."
msgstr ""
"`Result` è il tipo standard per implementare la gestione degli errori, come "
"vedremo il giorno 3."
#: src/std-types/string.md:1
msgid "String"
msgstr "Stringa (String)"
#: src/std-types/string.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the "
"standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:"
msgstr ""
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) è il "
"buffer di stringa UTF-8 espandibile allocato nell'heap standard:"
#: src/std-types/string.md:8 src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:35
#: src/memory-management/review.md:23 src/memory-management/review.md:58
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:32 src/testing/unit-tests.md:37
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:9 src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:26
msgid "\"Hello\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:9
msgid "\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:13
msgid "'!'"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:14
msgid "\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:16
msgid "\"🇨🇭\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:17
msgid "\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`String` implements [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call "
"all `str` methods on a `String`."
msgstr ""
"`String` implementa [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), il che significa che puoi "
"chiamare tutti metodi `str` su una `stringa`."
#: src/std-types/string.md:30
msgid ""
"`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when "
"you know how much data you want to push to the string."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:32
msgid ""
"`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be "
"different from its length in characters)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:34
msgid ""
"`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a "
"`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due "
"to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/"
"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:37
msgid ""
"When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or "
"`String`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:39
msgid ""
"When a type implements `Deref<Target = T>`, the compiler will let you "
"transparently call methods from `T`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:41
msgid ""
"We haven't discussed the `Deref` trait yet, so at this point this mostly "
"explains the structure of the sidebar in the documentation."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:43
msgid ""
"`String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it "
"access to `str`'s methods."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:45
msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1;`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:46
msgid ""
"`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the "
"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but "
"with some extra guarantees."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:49
msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:50
msgid ""
"To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, "
"out-of-bounds."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/string.md:52
msgid ""
"To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character "
"boundaries or not."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard "
"resizable heap-allocated buffer:"
msgstr ""
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) è il buffer "
"ridimensionabile allocato nell'heap standard:"
#: src/std-types/vec.md:9
msgid "\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:14
msgid "\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:16
msgid "// Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:19
msgid "// Retain only the even elements.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:21 src/std-types/vec.md:25
msgid "\"{v3:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:23
msgid "// Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Vec` implements [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice "
"methods on a `Vec`."
msgstr ""
"`Vec` implementa [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), il che significa che puoi chiamare "
"slice metodi su un `Vec`."
#: src/std-types/vec.md:38
msgid ""
"`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data "
"it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't "
"need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:41
msgid ""
"Notice how `Vec<T>` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` "
"explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established "
"during the first `push` call."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:44
msgid ""
"`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it "
"supports adding initial elements to the vector."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:46
msgid ""
"To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. "
"Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will "
"remove the last element."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/vec.md:49
msgid ""
"Slices are covered on day 3. For now, students only need to know that a "
"value of type `Vec` gives access to all of the documented slice methods, too."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:"
msgstr "Mappa hash standard con protezione dagli attacchi HashDoS:"
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:10
msgid "\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:11
msgid "\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:12 src/std-types/hashmap.md:21
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:29
msgid "\"Pride and Prejudice\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:14
msgid "\"Les Misérables\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:16
msgid "\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:21 src/std-types/hashmap.md:29
msgid "\"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:23
msgid "\"{book}: {count} pages\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:24
msgid "\"{book} is unknown.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:28
msgid "// Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:34
msgid "\"{page_counts:#?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:41
msgid ""
"`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:42
msgid ""
"Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the "
"hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert "
"the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:48 src/std-types/hashmap.md:60
msgid "\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:51 src/std-types/hashmap.md:61
msgid "\"The Hunger Games\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:54
msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:55
msgid ""
"Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-"
"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows "
"us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:65
msgid ""
"Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-"
"value tuples."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:67
msgid ""
"We are showing `HashMap<String, i32>`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make "
"examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, "
"but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:70
msgid ""
"Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still "
"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md:73
msgid ""
"This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::"
"collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the "
"Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back "
"to the `keys` method."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"In this exercise you will take a very simple data structure and make it "
"generic. It uses a [`std::collections::HashMap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html) to keep track of which values "
"have been seen and how many times each one has appeared."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:9
msgid ""
"The initial version of `Counter` is hard coded to only work for `u32` "
"values. Make the struct and its methods generic over the type of value being "
"tracked, that way `Counter` can track any type of value."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:13
msgid ""
"If you finish early, try using the [`entry`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#method.entry) method to halve the "
"number of hash lookups required to implement the `count` method."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:20 src/std-types/solution.md:6
msgid ""
"/// Counter counts the number of times each value of type T has been seen.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:27 src/std-types/solution.md:13
msgid "/// Create a new Counter.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:34 src/std-types/solution.md:18
msgid "/// Count an occurrence of the given value.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:43 src/std-types/solution.md:23
msgid "/// Return the number of times the given value has been seen.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:59 src/std-types/solution.md:39
msgid "\"saw {} values equal to {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:63 src/std-types/exercise.md:65
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:66 src/std-types/solution.md:43
#: src/std-types/solution.md:45 src/std-types/solution.md:46
msgid "\"apple\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:64 src/std-types/solution.md:44
msgid "\"orange\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-types/exercise.md:66 src/std-types/solution.md:46
msgid "\"got {} apples\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:4
msgid "[Comparisons](./std-traits/comparisons.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:5
msgid "[Operators](./std-traits/operators.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:6
msgid "[From and Into](./std-traits/from-and-into.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:7
msgid "[Casting](./std-traits/casting.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:8
msgid "[Read and Write](./std-traits/read-and-write.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:9
msgid "[Default, struct update syntax](./std-traits/default.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:10
msgid "[Closures](./std-traits/closures.md) (20 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:11
msgid "[Exercise: ROT13](./std-traits/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:13
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 40 minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:18
msgid ""
"As with the standard-library types, spend time reviewing the documentation "
"for each trait."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits.md:21
msgid "This section is long. Take a break midway through."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:3
msgid ""
"These traits support comparisons between values. All traits can be derived "
"for types containing fields that implement these traits."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:6
msgid "`PartialEq` and `Eq`"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:8
msgid ""
"`PartialEq` is a partial equivalence relation, with required method `eq` and "
"provided method `ne`. The `==` and `!=` operators will call these methods."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:23
msgid ""
"`Eq` is a full equivalence relation (reflexive, symmetric, and transitive) "
"and implies `PartialEq`. Functions that require full equivalence will use "
"`Eq` as a trait bound."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "`PartialOrd` and `Ord`"
msgstr "`Leggi` e `Scrivi`"
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:29
msgid ""
"`PartialOrd` defines a partial ordering, with a `partial_cmp` method. It is "
"used to implement the `<`, `<=`, `>=`, and `>` operators."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:49
msgid "`Ord` is a total ordering, with `cmp` returning `Ordering`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:54
msgid ""
"`PartialEq` can be implemented between different types, but `Eq` cannot, "
"because it is reflexive:"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md:69
msgid ""
"In practice, it's common to derive these traits, but uncommon to implement "
"them."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
msgstr ""
"L'overload degli operatori è implementato tramite i tratti in [`std::ops`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:23
msgid "\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:30 src/memory-management/drop.md:48
msgid "Discussion points:"
msgstr "Punti di discussione:"
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful?"
msgstr ""
"Puoi implementare `Aggiungi` per `&Punto`. In quali situazioni è utile?"
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading "
"the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for "
"`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site."
msgstr ""
"Risposta: `Add:add` consuma `self`. Se digita \"T\" per cui sei "
"l'overloading dell'operatore non è `Copy`, dovresti considerare "
"l'overloading anche l'operatore per `&T`. Ciò evita inutili clonazioni sul "
"file sito di chiamata."
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the "
"method?"
msgstr ""
"Perché `Output` è un tipo associato? Potrebbe essere reso un parametro di "
"tipo?"
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but "
"associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementer of a "
"trait."
msgstr ""
"Risposta breve: i parametri di tipo sono controllati dal chiamante, ma i "
"tipi associati (come `Output`) sono controllati dall'implementatore di a "
"tratto."
#: src/std-traits/operators.md:41
msgid ""
"You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, "
"i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From."
"html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to "
"facilitate type conversions:"
msgstr ""
"I tipi implementano [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait."
"From.html) e [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) "
"per facilitare le conversioni di tipo:"
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:11 src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:23
msgid "\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is "
"automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:"
msgstr ""
"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) viene "
"implementato automaticamente quando [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"convert/trait.From.html) è implementato:"
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get "
"`Into` implementation too."
msgstr ""
"Ecco perché è comune implementare solo `From`, poiché anche il tuo tipo "
"otterrà l'implementazione di `Into`."
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be "
"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. "
"Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ "
"implement `Into`."
msgstr ""
"Quando si dichiara un tipo di input per l'argomento di una funzione come "
"\"qualsiasi cosa che può essere convertita in una `Stringa`\", la regola è "
"opposta, si dovrebbe usare `Into`. La tua funzione accetterà tipi che "
"implementano `From` e quelli che _solo_ implementano `Into`."
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust has no _implicit_ type conversions, but does support explicit casts "
"with `as`. These generally follow C semantics where those are defined."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:9
msgid "\"as u16: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:10
msgid "\"as i16: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:11
msgid "\"as u8: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:15
msgid ""
"The results of `as` are _always_ defined in Rust and consistent across "
"platforms. This might not match your intuition for changing sign or casting "
"to a smaller type -- check the docs, and comment for clarity."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:19
msgid ""
"Casting with `as` is a relatively sharp tool that is easy to use "
"incorrectly, and can be a source of subtle bugs as future maintenance work "
"changes the types that are used or the ranges of values in types. Casts are "
"best used only when the intent is to indicate unconditional truncation (e.g. "
"selecting the bottom 32 bits of a `u64` with `as u32`, regardless of what "
"was in the high bits)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:25
msgid ""
"For infallible casts (e.g. `u32` to `u64`), prefer using `From` or `Into` "
"over `as` to confirm that the cast is in fact infallible. For fallible "
"casts, `TryFrom` and `TryInto` are available when you want to handle casts "
"that fit differently from those that don't."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:33
msgid "Consider taking a break after this slide."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:35
msgid ""
"`as` is similar to a C++ static cast. Use of `as` in cases where data might "
"be lost is generally discouraged, or at least deserves an explanatory "
"comment."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/casting.md:38
msgid "This is common in casting integers to `usize` for use as an index."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and "
"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can "
"abstract over `u8` sources:"
msgstr ""
"Usando [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) e "
"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), puoi "
"astrarre su fonti `u8`:"
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:14
msgid "b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:15
msgid "\"lines in slice: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:18
msgid "\"lines in file: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets "
"you abstract over `u8` sinks:"
msgstr ""
"Allo stesso modo, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write."
"html) ti consente di astrarre sui sink `u8`:"
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:30
msgid "\"\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:36 src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:12
msgid "\"World\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md:37
msgid "\"Logged: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/default.md:1
msgid "The `Default` Trait"
msgstr "Il trait `Default`"
#: src/std-traits/default.md:3
msgid ""
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait "
"produces a default value for a type."
msgstr ""
"Il trait [`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default."
"html) produce un valore predefinito per un tipo."
#: src/std-traits/default.md:18
msgid "\"John Smith\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/default.md:24
msgid "\"{default_struct:#?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/default.md:27
msgid "\"Y is set!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/default.md:28
msgid "\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/default.md:31 src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:211
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:214
msgid "\"{:#?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/default.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`."
msgstr ""
"Può essere implementato direttamente o può essere derivato tramite "
"`#[derive(Default)]`."
#: src/std-traits/default.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to "
"their default values."
msgstr ""
"L'implementazione derivata produrrà un'istanza in cui tutti i campi sono "
"impostati sui valori predefiniti."
#: src/std-traits/default.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too."
msgstr ""
"Ciò significa che anche tutti i tipi nella struttura devono implementare "
"`Default`."
#: src/std-traits/default.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. "
"`0`, `\"\"`, etc)."
msgstr ""
"I tipi Rust standard spesso implementano `Default` con valori ragionevoli "
"(ad esempio `0`, `\"\"`, ecc.)."
#: src/std-traits/default.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid "The partial struct initialization works nicely with default."
msgstr "La copia parziale della struttura funziona bene con default."
#: src/std-traits/default.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and "
"provides convenience methods that use it."
msgstr ""
"La libreria standard di Rust sa che i tipi possono implementare `Default` e "
"fornisce comodi metodi che lo utilizzano."
#: src/std-traits/default.md:47
msgid ""
"The `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-"
"with-struct-update-syntax)."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, "
"they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn."
"html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and "
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:"
msgstr ""
"Le chiusure o le espressioni lambda hanno tipi che non possono essere "
"nominati. Tuttavia, loro implementare speciali [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang."
"org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/"
"trait.FnMut.html) e [`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait."
"FnOnce.html) caratteristiche:"
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Calling function on {input}\""
msgstr "Chiamare Funzioni Unsafe"
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:16 src/std-traits/closures.md:17
msgid "\"add_3: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:24 src/std-traits/closures.md:25
msgid "\"accumulate: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:28
msgid "\"multiply_sum: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or "
"perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times "
"concurrently."
msgstr ""
"Un \"Fn\" non consuma né muta i valori acquisiti, o forse non cattura nulla, "
"quindi può farlo essere chiamato più volte contemporaneamente."
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it "
"multiple times, but not concurrently."
msgstr ""
"Un `FnMut` potrebbe mutare i valori catturati, quindi puoi chiamarlo più "
"volte ma non contemporaneamente."
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It "
"might consume captured values."
msgstr ""
"Se hai un `FnOnce`, puoi chiamarlo solo una volta. Potrebbe consumare i "
"valori acquisiti."
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. "
"I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can "
"use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for."
msgstr ""
"\"FnMut\" è un sottotipo di \"FnOnce\". \"Fn\" è un sottotipo di \"FnMut\" e "
"\"FnOnce\". Cioè. puoi usare un `FnMut` ovunque sia richiesto un `FnOnce` e "
"puoi usare un `Fn` ovunque sia `FnMut` o `FnOnce` è richiesto."
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:48
msgid ""
"When you define a function that takes a closure, you should take `FnOnce` if "
"you can (i.e. you call it once), or `FnMut` else, and last `Fn`. This allows "
"the most flexibility for the caller."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:52
msgid ""
"In contrast, when you have a closure, the most flexible you can have is `Fn` "
"(it can be passed everywhere), then `FnMut`, and lastly `FnOnce`."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:55
msgid ""
"The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. "
"`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:58
msgid ""
"By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` "
"keyword makes them capture by value."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:67
msgid "\"Hi\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/closures.md:68
msgid "\"there\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"In this example, you will implement the classic [\"ROT13\" cipher](https://"
"en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13). Copy this code to the playground, and "
"implement the missing bits. Only rotate ASCII alphabetic characters, to "
"ensure the result is still valid UTF-8."
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md:15
msgid "// Implement the `Read` trait for `RotDecoder`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md:20 src/std-traits/exercise.md:33
#: src/std-traits/solution.md:26 src/std-traits/solution.md:39
msgid "\"Gb trg gb gur bgure fvqr!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md:36 src/std-traits/solution.md:42
msgid "\"To get to the other side!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md:55
msgid ""
"What happens if you chain two `RotDecoder` instances together, each rotating "
"by 13 characters?"
msgstr ""
#: src/std-traits/solution.md:16
msgid "'A'"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome to Day 3"
msgstr "Benvenuto al giorno 3"
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3
msgid "Today, we will cover:"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5
msgid ""
"Memory management, lifetimes, and the borrow checker: how Rust ensures "
"memory safety."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:7
msgid "Smart pointers: standard library pointer types."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:12
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-3.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:13
msgid "[Memory Management](./memory-management.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:14
msgid "[Smart Pointers](./smart-pointers.md) (45 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:16
msgid ""
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 15 "
"minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management.md:4
msgid "[Review of Program Memory](./memory-management/review.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management.md:5
msgid ""
"[Approaches to Memory Management](./memory-management/approaches.md) (10 "
"minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management.md:6
msgid "[Ownership](./memory-management/ownership.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management.md:7
msgid "[Move Semantics](./memory-management/move.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management.md:8
msgid "[Clone](./memory-management/clone.md) (2 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management.md:9
msgid "[Copy Types](./memory-management/copy-types.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management.md:10
msgid "[Drop](./memory-management/drop.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management.md:11
msgid "[Exercise: Builder Type](./memory-management/exercise.md) (20 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/review.md:3
msgid "Programs allocate memory in two ways:"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/review.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables."
msgstr "Stack: area continua di memoria per le variabili locali."
#: src/memory-management/review.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time."
msgstr "I valori hanno dimensioni fisse note al momento della compilazione."
#: src/memory-management/review.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer."
msgstr "Estremamente veloce: basta spostare un puntatore dello stack."
#: src/memory-management/review.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls."
msgstr "Facile da gestire: segue le chiamate alle funzioni."
#: src/memory-management/review.md:9
msgid "Great memory locality."
msgstr "Ottima località di memoria."
#: src/memory-management/review.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls."
msgstr "Heap: archiviazione di valori al di fuori delle chiamate di funzione."
#: src/memory-management/review.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime."
msgstr "I valori hanno dimensioni dinamiche determinate in fase di esecuzione."
#: src/memory-management/review.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed."
msgstr "Leggermente più lento della pila: è necessaria un po' di contabilità."
#: src/memory-management/review.md:14
msgid "No guarantee of memory locality."
msgstr "Nessuna garanzia di località di memoria."
#: src/memory-management/review.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically "
"sized data, the actual string, on the heap:"
msgstr ""
"La creazione di una `Stringa` mette i dati di dimensioni fisse nello stack e "
"dimensionati dinamicamente dati sull'heap:"
#: src/memory-management/review.md:44
msgid ""
"Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and "
"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/review.md:47
msgid ""
"If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap "
"allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/"
"struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the "
"[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/review.md:53
msgid ""
"We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` Rust. However, you should "
"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/review.md:59 src/testing/unit-tests.md:15
msgid "' '"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/review.md:60
msgid "\"world\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/review.md:61
msgid ""
"// DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead "
"to\n"
" // undefined behavior.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/review.md:66
msgid "\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
msgstr ""
"Tradizionalmente, le lingue sono state suddivise in due grandi categorie:"
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..."
msgstr ""
"Controllo completo tramite gestione manuale della memoria: C, C++, "
"Pascal, ..."
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:6
msgid "Programmer decides when to allocate or free heap memory."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:7
msgid ""
"Programmer must determine whether a pointer still points to valid memory."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:8
msgid "Studies show, programmers make mistakes."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, "
"Haskell, ..."
msgstr ""
"Piena sicurezza tramite la gestione automatica della memoria in fase di "
"esecuzione: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..."
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:11
msgid ""
"A runtime system ensures that memory is not freed until it can no longer be "
"referenced."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:13
msgid ""
"Typically implemented with reference counting, garbage collection, or RAII."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:15
msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
msgstr "Rust offre un nuovo mix:"
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory "
"management."
msgstr ""
"Pieno controllo _e_ sicurezza tramite applicazione in fase di compilazione "
"della memoria corretta gestione."
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:20
msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
msgstr "Lo fa con un concetto di ownership (proprietà) esplicito."
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:25
msgid ""
"This slide is intended to help students coming from other languages to put "
"Rust in context."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:28
msgid ""
"C must manage heap manually with `malloc` and `free`. Common errors include "
"forgetting to call `free`, calling it multiple times for the same pointer, "
"or dereferencing a pointer after the memory it points to has been freed."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:32
msgid ""
"C++ has tools like smart pointers (`unique_ptr`, `shared_ptr`) that take "
"advantage of language guarantees about calling destructors to ensure memory "
"is freed when a function returns. It is still quite easy to mis-use these "
"tools and create similar bugs to C."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:37
msgid ""
"Java, Go, and Python rely on the garbage collector to identify memory that "
"is no longer reachable and discard it. This guarantees that any pointer can "
"be dereferenced, eliminating use-after-free and other classes of bugs. But, "
"GC has a runtime cost and is difficult to tune properly."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md:42
msgid ""
"Rust's ownership and borrowing model can, in many cases, get the performance "
"of C, with alloc and free operations precisely where they are required -- "
"zero cost. It also provides tools similar to C++'s smart pointers. When "
"required, other options such as reference counting are available, and there "
"are even third-party crates available to support runtime garbage collection "
"(not covered in this class)."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error "
"to use a variable outside its scope:"
msgstr ""
"Tutte le associazioni di variabili hanno un _scope_ in cui sono valide ed è "
"un errore usa una variabile al di fuori del suo ambito:"
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We say that the variable _owns_ the value. Every Rust value has precisely "
"one owner at all times."
msgstr "Diciamo che la variabile _possiede_ (“_owns_”) il valore."
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed. A "
"destructor can run here to free up resources."
msgstr ""
"Alla fine dell'ambito, la variabile viene _eliminata_ ei dati vengono "
"liberati."
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md:29
msgid ""
"Students familiar with garbage-collection implementations will know that a "
"garbage collector starts with a set of \"roots\" to find all reachable "
"memory. Rust's \"single owner\" principle is a similar idea."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:"
msgstr "Un'assegnazione trasferirà la proprietà tra le variabili:"
#: src/memory-management/move.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Hello!\""
msgstr "Hello World!"
#: src/memory-management/move.md:9 src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:16
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:18
msgid "\"s2: {s2}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:10
msgid "// println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership."
msgstr "L'assegnazione di \"s1\" a \"s2\" trasferisce la proprietà."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything."
msgstr "Quando `s1` esce dall'ambito, non accade nulla: non ha proprietà."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed."
msgstr "Quando `s2` esce dall'ambito, i dati della stringa vengono liberati."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:18
msgid "Before move to `s2`:"
msgstr "Prima di muovere a `s2`:"
#: src/memory-management/move.md:35
msgid "After move to `s2`:"
msgstr "Dopo il muovere a `s2`:"
#: src/memory-management/move.md:37
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
": s2 : |\n"
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
": | len | 4 | :\n"
": | capacity | 4 | :\n"
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
": :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:58
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function "
"parameter. This transfers ownership:"
msgstr ""
"Quando si passa un valore a una funzione, il valore viene assegnato alla "
"funzione parametro. Questo trasferisce la proprietà:"
#: src/memory-management/move.md:63
msgid "\"Hello {name}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:67 src/android/interoperability/java.md:57
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Alice\""
msgstr "Slice"
#: src/memory-management/move.md:69
msgid "// say_hello(name);\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:76
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by "
"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)."
msgstr ""
"Menziona che questo è l'opposto dei valori predefiniti in C++, che copia per "
"valore a meno che tu non usi `std::move` (e il costruttore di movimento è "
"definito!)."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:79
msgid ""
"It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated "
"to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies "
"are aggressively optimized away."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:83
msgid ""
"Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:85
msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
msgstr "In Rust, i cloni sono espliciti (utilizzando `clone`)."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:87
msgid "In the `say_hello` example:"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:89
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. "
"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`."
msgstr ""
"Con la prima chiamata a `say_hello`, `main` rinuncia alla proprietà di "
"`name`. Successivamente, `name` non può più essere utilizzato all'interno di "
"`main`."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:91
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the "
"`say_hello` function."
msgstr ""
"La memoria heap allocata per `name` verrà liberata alla fine della funzione "
"`say_hello`."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:93
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and "
"if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter."
msgstr ""
"`main` può mantenere la proprietà se passa `name` come riferimento (`&name`) "
"e se `say_hello` accetta un riferimento come parametro."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:95
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name."
"clone()`)."
msgstr ""
"In alternativa, `main` può passare un clone di `name` nella prima chiamata "
"(`name.clone()`)."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:97
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move "
"semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit."
msgstr ""
"Rust rende più difficile del C++ creare copie inavvertitamente rendendo la "
"semantica di spostamento l'impostazione predefinita e costringendo i "
"programmatori a rendere espliciti i cloni."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:102
msgid "Defensive Copies in Modern C++"
msgstr "Copie difensive nel C++ Moderno"
#: src/memory-management/move.md:104
msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:"
msgstr "C++ moderno risolve questo problema in modo diverso:"
#: src/memory-management/move.md:107
msgid "\"Cpp\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:108
msgid "// Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:111
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy."
msgstr ""
"I dati dell'heap da `s1` vengono duplicati e `s2` ottiene la propria copia "
"indipendente."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:112
#, fuzzy
msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory."
msgstr ""
"Quando `s1` e `s2` escono dall'ambito, ciascuno libera la propria memoria."
#: src/memory-management/move.md:114
msgid "Before copy-assignment:"
msgstr "Prima dell'assegnazione di copia (copy-assignment):"
#: src/memory-management/move.md:130
msgid "After copy-assignment:"
msgstr "Dopo l'assegnazione di copia (copy-assignment):"
#: src/memory-management/move.md:155
msgid ""
"C++ has made a slightly different choice than Rust. Because `=` copies data, "
"the string data has to be cloned. Otherwise we would get a double-free when "
"either string goes out of scope."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:159
msgid ""
"C++ also has [`std::move`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/move), "
"which is used to indicate when a value may be moved from. If the example had "
"been `s2 = std::move(s1)`, no heap allocation would take place. After the "
"move, `s1` would be in a valid but unspecified state. Unlike Rust, the "
"programmer is allowed to keep using `s1`."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/move.md:164
msgid ""
"Unlike Rust, `=` in C++ can run arbitrary code as determined by the type "
"which is being copied or moved."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/clone.md:1
msgid "Clone"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/clone.md:3
msgid ""
"Sometimes you _want_ to make a copy of a value. The `Clone` trait "
"accomplishes this."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/clone.md:24
msgid ""
"The idea of `Clone` is to make it easy to spot where heap allocations are "
"occurring. Look for `.clone()` and a few others like `Vec::new` or `Box::"
"new`."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/clone.md:27
msgid ""
"It's common to \"clone your way out\" of problems with the borrow checker, "
"and return later to try to optimize those clones away."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:"
msgstr ""
"Sebbene la semantica di spostamento sia l'impostazione predefinita, alcuni "
"tipi vengono copiati per impostazione predefinita:"
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:20
msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait."
msgstr "Questi tipi implementano il trait `Copy`."
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:"
msgstr ""
"Puoi acconsentire esplicitamente ai tuoi tipi per utilizzare la semantica "
"della copia:"
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data."
msgstr "Dopo l'assegnazione, sia `p1` che `p2` possiedono i propri dati."
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data."
msgstr "Possiamo anche usare `p1.clone()` per copiare esplicitamente i dati."
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:"
msgstr "Copiare e clonare non sono la stessa cosa:"
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on "
"arbitrary objects."
msgstr ""
"La copia si riferisce a copie bit per bit di aree di memoria e non funziona "
"su oggetti arbitrari."
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)."
msgstr ""
"La copia non consente la logica personalizzata (a differenza dei costruttori "
"di copia in C++)."
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by "
"implementing the `Clone` trait."
msgstr ""
"La clonazione è un'operazione più generale e consente anche un comportamento "
"personalizzato implementando il tratto `Clone`."
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait."
msgstr "La copia non funziona sui tipi che implementano il tratto `Drop`."
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:53
msgid "In the above example, try the following:"
msgstr "Nell'esempio sopra, prova quanto segue:"
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:55
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` "
"is not a `Copy` type."
msgstr ""
"Aggiungi un campo `String` a `struct Point`. Non verrà compilato perché "
"`String` non è un tipo `Copy`."
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:57
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the "
"`println!` for `p1`."
msgstr ""
"Rimuovi `Copy` dall'attributo `derive`. L'errore del compilatore è ora in "
"`println!` per `p1`."
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md:59
msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead."
msgstr "Dimostra che funziona se invece cloni `p1`."
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:1
msgid "The `Drop` Trait"
msgstr "Il trait `Drop`"
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop."
"html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:"
msgstr ""
"I valori che implementano [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait."
"Drop.html) possono specificare il codice da eseguire quando escono "
"dall'ambito:"
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:13
msgid "\"Dropping {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:18
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:93
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:125
msgid "\"a\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:20 src/testing/googletest.md:12
msgid "\"b\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:22
msgid "\"c\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:23
msgid "\"d\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:24
msgid "\"Exiting block B\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:26
msgid "\"Exiting block A\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:29
msgid "\"Exiting main\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:36
msgid "Note that `std::mem::drop` is not the same as `std::ops::Drop::drop`."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:37
msgid "Values are automatically dropped when they go out of scope."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:38
msgid ""
"When a value is dropped, if it implements `std::ops::Drop` then its `Drop::"
"drop` implementation will be called."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:40
msgid ""
"All its fields will then be dropped too, whether or not it implements `Drop`."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:41
msgid ""
"`std::mem::drop` is just an empty function that takes any value. The "
"significance is that it takes ownership of the value, so at the end of its "
"scope it gets dropped. This makes it a convenient way to explicitly drop "
"values earlier than they would otherwise go out of scope."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:45
msgid ""
"This can be useful for objects that do some work on `drop`: releasing locks, "
"closing files, etc."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:50
msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?"
msgstr "Perché `Drop::drop` non accetta `self`?"
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the "
"block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!"
msgstr ""
"Risposta breve: se così fosse, `std::mem::drop` verrebbe chiamato alla fine "
"di il blocco, risultando in un'altra chiamata a `Drop::drop` e uno stack "
"traboccare!"
#: src/memory-management/drop.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`."
msgstr "Prova a sostituire `drop(a)` con `a.drop()`."
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"In this example, we will implement a complex data type that owns all of its "
"data. We will use the \"builder pattern\" to support building a new value "
"piece-by-piece, using convenience functions."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:7
msgid "Fill in the missing pieces."
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:22 src/memory-management/solution.md:16
msgid "/// A representation of a software package.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:34 src/memory-management/solution.md:28
msgid ""
"/// Return a representation of this package as a dependency, for use in\n"
" /// building other packages.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:37
msgid "\"1\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:40 src/memory-management/solution.md:37
msgid ""
"/// A builder for a Package. Use `build()` to create the `Package` itself.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:46
msgid "\"2\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:49 src/memory-management/solution.md:52
msgid "/// Set the package version.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:55 src/memory-management/solution.md:58
msgid "/// Set the package authors.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:57
msgid "\"3\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:60 src/memory-management/solution.md:64
msgid "/// Add an additional dependency.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:62
msgid "\"4\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:65 src/memory-management/solution.md:70
msgid "/// Set the language. If not set, language defaults to None.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:67
msgid "\"5\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:76 src/memory-management/solution.md:82
msgid "\"base64\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:76 src/memory-management/solution.md:82
msgid "\"0.13\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:77 src/memory-management/solution.md:83
msgid "\"base64: {base64:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:79 src/memory-management/solution.md:85
msgid "\"log\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:79 src/memory-management/solution.md:85
msgid "\"0.4\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:80 src/memory-management/solution.md:86
msgid "\"log: {log:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:81 src/memory-management/solution.md:87
msgid "\"serde\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:82 src/memory-management/solution.md:88
msgid "\"djmitche\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:83 src/memory-management/solution.md:89
msgid "\"4.0\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md:87 src/memory-management/solution.md:93
msgid "\"serde: {serde:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/memory-management/solution.md:45
msgid "\"0.1\""
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers.md:4
msgid "[Box"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers.md:4
msgid "](./smart-pointers/box.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers.md:5
msgid "[Rc](./smart-pointers/rc.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers.md:6
msgid "[Exercise: Binary Tree](./smart-pointers/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned "
"pointer to data on the heap:"
msgstr ""
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) è un puntatore "
"di proprietà ai dati sull'heap:"
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:9
msgid "\"five: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Box<T>` implements `Deref<Target = T>`, which means that you can [call "
"methods from `T` directly on a `Box<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/"
"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)."
msgstr ""
"`Box<T>` implementa `Deref<Target = T>`, il che significa che puoi [chiamare "
"metodi da `T` direttamente su un `Box<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/"
"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)."
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:"
msgstr ""
"I tipi di dati ricorsivi o i tipi di dati con dimensioni dinamiche devono "
"utilizzare un `Box`:"
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:35
msgid "/// A non-empty list: first element and the rest of the list.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:37
msgid "/// An empty list.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:44 src/smart-pointers/box.md:98
msgid "\"{list:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:48
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": "
"list : : :\n"
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----"
"+----+ :\n"
": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // "
"| // | :\n"
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----"
"+----+ :\n"
": : : :\n"
": : : :\n"
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"- - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:64
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be "
"not null."
msgstr ""
"`Box` è come `std::unique_ptr` in C++, tranne per il fatto che è garantito "
"che non sia nullo."
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:66
#, fuzzy
msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:"
msgstr "Una `Box` può essere utile quando:"
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:67
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust "
"compiler wants to know an exact size."
msgstr ""
"hanno un tipo la cui dimensione non può essere conosciuta in fase di "
"compilazione, ma il compilatore Rust vuole conoscere una dimensione esatta."
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:69
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large "
"amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` "
"so only the pointer is moved."
msgstr ""
"desidera trasferire la proprietà di una grande quantità di dati. Per evitare "
"di copiare grandi quantità di dati nello stack, archivia invece i dati "
"nell'heap in un \"Box\" in modo che venga spostato solo il puntatore."
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:73
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the "
"`List`, the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory "
"(`List` would be of infinite size)."
msgstr ""
"Se la `Box` non è stata utilizzata qui e abbiamo tentato di incorporare una "
"`Lista` direttamente nella `Lista`, il compilatore non calcolerebbe una "
"dimensione fissa della struttura in memoria, sembrerebbe infinita."
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:77
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and "
"just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap."
msgstr ""
"`Box` risolve questo problema poiché ha le stesse dimensioni di un normale "
"puntatore e punta solo al successivo elemento della \"Lista\" nell'heap."
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:80
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. "
"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or "
"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly."
msgstr ""
"Rimuovi il `Box` nella definizione dell'elenco e mostra l'errore del "
"compilatore. \"Ricorsivo con indiretto\" è un suggerimento che potresti "
"voler utilizzare un Box o un riferimento di qualche tipo, invece di "
"memorizzare direttamente un valore."
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:86
msgid "Niche Optimization"
msgstr "Ottimizzazioni di nicchia"
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:102
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This "
"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:"
msgstr ""
"Un `Box` non può essere vuoto, quindi il puntatore è sempre valido e non "
"`null`. Questo consente al compilatore di ottimizzare il layout della "
"memoria:"
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md:105
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" Stack Heap\n"
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
": : : :\n"
": list : : :\n"
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ :\n"
": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | // | :\n"
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ :\n"
": : : :\n"
": : : :\n"
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-"
"counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data "
"from multiple places:"
msgstr ""
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) è un puntatore "
"condiviso con conteggio dei riferimenti. Usalo quando hai bisogno di fare "
"riferimento agli stessi dati da più posizioni:"
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:13
msgid "\"a: {a}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:14
msgid "\"b: {b}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded "
"context."
msgstr ""
"Vedere [`Arc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) se ci "
"si trova in un contesto multi-thread."
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang."
"org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped."
msgstr ""
"Puoi _declassare_ un puntatore condiviso in un puntatore [`Weak`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) per creare cicli che verrà "
"abbandonato."
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there "
"are references."
msgstr ""
"Il conteggio di `Rc` assicura che il suo valore contenuto sia valido finché "
"ci sono riferimenti."
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++."
msgstr "Come `std::shared_ptr` di C++."
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and "
"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally "
"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code."
msgstr ""
"`Rc::clone` è economico: crea un puntatore alla stessa allocazione e aumenta "
"il conteggio dei riferimenti. Non crea un clone profondo e generalmente può "
"essere ignorato quando si cercano problemi di prestazioni nel codice."
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") "
"and returns a mutable reference."
msgstr ""
"`make_mut` in realtà clona il valore interno se necessario (\"clone-on-"
"write\") e restituisce un riferimento mutabile."
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count."
msgstr "Usa `Rc::strong_count` per controllare il conteggio dei riferimenti."
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create "
"cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`)."
msgstr ""
"`Rc::downgrade` fornisce un oggetto _debolmente contato_ a creare cicli che "
"verranno eliminati correttamente (probabilmente in combinazione con "
"`RefCella`)."
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"A binary tree is a tree-type data structure where every node has two "
"children (left and right). We will create a tree where each node stores a "
"value. For a given node N, all nodes in a N's left subtree contain smaller "
"values, and all nodes in N's right subtree will contain larger values."
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:8
msgid "Implement the following types, so that the given tests pass."
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:10
msgid ""
"Extra Credit: implement an iterator over a binary tree that returns the "
"values in order."
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:14 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:5
msgid "/// A node in the binary tree.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:21 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:13
msgid "/// A possibly-empty subtree.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:25 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:17
msgid ""
"/// A container storing a set of values, using a binary tree.\n"
"///\n"
"/// If the same value is added multiple times, it is only stored once.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:33
msgid "// Implement `new`, `insert`, `len`, and `has`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md:48 src/smart-pointers/solution.md:105
msgid "// not a unique item\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md:89 src/testing/googletest.md:11
msgid "\"bar\""
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md:4
msgid "[Borrowing](./borrowing.md) (1 hour)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md:5
msgid ""
"[Slices and Lifetimes](./slices-and-lifetimes.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md:7
msgid ""
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 20 "
"minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing.md:4
msgid "[Borrowing a Value](./borrowing/shared.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing.md:5
msgid "[Borrow Checking](./borrowing/borrowck.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing.md:6
msgid "[Interior Mutability](./borrowing/interior-mutability.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing.md:7
msgid "[Exercise: Health Statistics](./borrowing/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As we saw before, instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, "
"you can let a function _borrow_ the value:"
msgstr ""
"Invece di trasferire la proprietà quando chiami una funzione, puoi lasciare "
"che a funzione _prende in prestito_ il valore:"
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point."
msgstr ""
"La funzione `add` _prende in prestito_ due punti e restituisce un nuovo "
"punto."
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:25
msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs."
msgstr "Il chiamante (caller) mantiene la proprietà (ownership) degli input."
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:30
msgid ""
"This slide is a review of the material on references from day 1, expanding "
"slightly to include function arguments and return values."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:35
msgid "Notes on stack returns:"
msgstr "Note sugli stack returns:"
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:37
msgid ""
"Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can "
"eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses "
"and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
"version=stable&mode=release&edition=2021&gist=0cb13be1c05d7e3446686ad9947c4671) "
"or look at the assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the "
"\"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay "
"the same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:"
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:63
msgid "The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO)."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/shared.md:64
msgid ""
"In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because "
"constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If "
"RVO did not happen, Rust will always perform a simple and efficient `memcpy` "
"copy."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust's _borrow checker_ puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values. "
"For a given value, at any time:"
msgstr ""
"Rust pone dei vincoli sui modi in cui puoi prendere in prestito i valori:"
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can have one or more shared references to the value, _or_"
msgstr "Puoi avere uno o più valori `&T` in qualsiasi momento, _oppure_"
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can have exactly one exclusive reference to the value."
msgstr "Puoi avere un unico valore `&mut T`."
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:29
msgid ""
"Note that the requirement is that conflicting references not _exist_ at the "
"same point. It does not matter where the reference is dereferenced."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through "
"`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time."
msgstr ""
"Il codice precedente non viene compilato perché `a` è preso in prestito come "
"mutabile (attraverso `c`) e come immutabile (attraverso `b`) allo stesso "
"tempo."
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` "
"to make the code compile."
msgstr ""
"Sposta l'istruzione `println!` per `b` prima dell'ambito che introduce `c` "
"per far compilare il codice."
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before "
"the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow "
"checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"."
msgstr ""
"Dopo tale modifica, il compilatore si rende conto che `b` è sempre e solo "
"usato prima del nuovo prestito mutabile da `a` a `c`. Questa è una "
"caratteristica del controllo del prestito chiamata \"vita non lessicale\"."
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:38
msgid ""
"The exclusive reference constraint is quite strong. Rust uses it to ensure "
"that data races do not occur. Rust also _relies_ on this constraint to "
"optimize code. For example, a value behind a shared reference can be safely "
"cached in a register for the lifetime of that reference."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md:42
msgid ""
"The borrow checker is designed to accommodate many common patterns, such as "
"taking exclusive references to different fields in a struct at the same "
"time. But, there are some situations where it doesn't quite \"get it\" and "
"this often results in \"fighting with the borrow checker.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:3
msgid ""
"In some situations, it's necessary to modify data behind a shared (read-"
"only) reference. For example, a shared data structure might have an internal "
"cache, and wish to update that cache from read-only methods."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:7
msgid ""
"The \"interior mutability\" pattern allows exclusive (mutable) access behind "
"a shared reference. The standard library provides several ways to do this, "
"all while still ensuring safety, typically by performing a runtime check."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "`RefCell`"
msgstr "`RefCella<T>`"
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:41
msgid "\"graph: {root:#?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:42
msgid "\"graph sum: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Cell`"
msgstr "`Cella<T>`"
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:48
msgid ""
"`Cell` wraps a value and allows getting or setting the value, even with a "
"shared reference to the `Cell`. However, it does not allow any references to "
"the value. Since there are no references, borrowing rules cannot be broken."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:55
msgid ""
"The main thing to take away from this slide is that Rust provides _safe_ "
"ways to modify data behind a shared reference. There are a variety of ways "
"to ensure that safety, and `RefCell` and `Cell` are two of them."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:59
msgid ""
"`RefCell` enforces Rust's usual borrowing rules (either multiple shared "
"references or a single exclusive reference) with a runtime check. In this "
"case, all borrows are very short and never overlap, so the checks always "
"succeed."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:64
msgid ""
"`Rc` only allows shared (read-only) access to its contents, since its "
"purpose is to allow (and count) many references. But we want to modify the "
"value, so we need interior mutability."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:68
msgid ""
"`Cell` is a simpler means to ensure safety: it has a `set` method that takes "
"`&self`. This needs no runtime check, but requires moving values, which can "
"have its own cost."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:72
msgid ""
"Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree."
"children`."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md:75
msgid ""
"To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments "
"`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in "
"the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already "
"borrowed: BorrowMutError'`."
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, "
"you need to keep track of users' health statistics."
msgstr ""
"Stai lavorando all'implementazione di un sistema di monitoraggio sanitario. "
"Come parte di questo, tu necessità di tenere traccia delle statistiche sulla "
"salute degli utenti."
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You'll start with a stubbed function in an `impl` block as well as a `User` "
"struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out method on the "
"`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block."
msgstr ""
"Inizierai con alcune funzioni stubbed in un blocco `impl` così come in un "
"`User` definizione di struttura. Il tuo obiettivo è implementare i metodi "
"eliminati sul file `User` `struct` definito nel blocco `impl`."
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
"method:"
msgstr ""
"Copia il codice qui sotto in <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e inserisci "
"quello mancante metodi:"
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:51
msgid ""
"\"Update a user's statistics based on measurements from a visit to the "
"doctor\""
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:56 src/borrowing/exercise.md:62
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:68 src/borrowing/solution.md:58
#: src/borrowing/solution.md:64 src/borrowing/solution.md:70
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:44 src/android/aidl/client.md:22
msgid "\"Bob\""
msgstr ""
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md:57 src/borrowing/solution.md:59
msgid "\"I'm {} and my age is {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:4
msgid "[Slices: &\\[T\\]](./slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:5
msgid "[String References](./slices-and-lifetimes/str.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:6
msgid ""
"[Lifetime Annotations](./slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md) (10 "
"minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:7
msgid ""
"[Lifetime Elision](./slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:8
msgid ""
"[Struct Lifetimes](./slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md:9
msgid ""
"[Exercise: Protobuf Parsing](./slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:1
msgid "Slices"
msgstr "Slice"
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:3
msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:"
msgstr "Una _slice_ ti offre una vista in una raccolta più ampia:"
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:18
msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type."
msgstr "Le sezioni prendono in prestito i dati dal tipo della raccolta."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:19
msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?"
msgstr "Domanda: Cosa succede se modifichi `a[3]` prima di stampare `s`?"
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:24
msgid ""
"We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending "
"indexes in brackets."
msgstr ""
"Creiamo una sezione prendendo in prestito `a` e specificando gli indici "
"iniziale e finale tra parentesi."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:27
msgid ""
"If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the "
"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are "
"identical."
msgstr ""
"Se la slice inizia all'indice 0, la sintassi dell'intervallo di Rust ci "
"consente di eliminare l'indice iniziale, il che significa che `&a[0..a."
"len()]` e `&a[..a.len()]` sono identici ."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:31
msgid ""
"The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are "
"identical."
msgstr ""
"Lo stesso vale per l'ultimo indice, quindi `&a[2..a.len()]` e `&a[2..]` sono "
"identici."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:34
msgid ""
"To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`."
msgstr ""
"Per creare facilmente una porzione dell'array completo, possiamo quindi "
"utilizzare `&a[..]`."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:36
msgid ""
"`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` "
"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform "
"computation on slices of different sizes."
msgstr ""
"`s` è un riferimento a una porzione di `i32`s. Si noti che il tipo di `s` "
"(`&[i32]`) non menziona più la lunghezza dell'array. Questo ci permette di "
"eseguire il calcolo su fette di diverse dimensioni."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain "
"'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice."
msgstr ""
"Le fette prendono sempre in prestito da un altro oggetto. In questo esempio, "
"`a` deve rimanere 'vivo' (nello scope) almeno quanto la nostra fetta. "
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but "
"the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at "
"this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` "
"safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the "
"`println`, when the slice is no longer used."
msgstr ""
"La domanda sulla modifica di `a[3]` può innescare una discussione "
"interessante, ma la risposta è che per motivi di sicurezza della memoria non "
"puoi farlo tramite \"a\" dopo aver creato una sezione, ma puoi leggere i "
"dati sia da \"a\" che da \"s\" in modo sicuro. Maggiori dettagli saranno "
"spiegati nella sezione controllo del prestito."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:7
msgid ""
"We can now understand the two string types in Rust: `&str` is almost like "
"`&[char]`, but with its data stored in a variable-length encoding (UTF-8)."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:13
msgid "\"s1: {s1}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Hello \""
msgstr "Hello World!"
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:21
msgid "\"s3: {s3}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:25
msgid "Rust terminology:"
msgstr "Terminologia di Rust:"
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:27
msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice."
msgstr "`&str` un riferimento immutabile a uno slice di stringa."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:28
msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer."
msgstr "`String` è un buffer di stringa mutabile."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 "
"encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals "
"(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary."
msgstr ""
"`&str` introduce una _string slice_, che è un riferimento immutabile a una "
"stringa codificata UTF-8 memorizzata in un blocco di memoria. Le Stringhe "
"letterali (`”Hello”`), sono memorizzate all'interno del programma binario."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:37
msgid ""
"Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a "
"`Vec<T>`, it is owned."
msgstr ""
"Il tipo Rust `String` è costruito attorno a un vettore di bytes. Come con un "
"`Vec<T>`, possiede i dati."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string "
"literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data "
"can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods."
msgstr ""
"Come con molti altri tipi, `String::from()` crea una stringa da un carattere "
"letterale; `String::new()` crea una stringa vuota a cui è possibile "
"aggiungere dati utilizzando i metodi `push()` and `push_str()`."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from "
"dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`."
msgstr ""
"La macro `format!()` è un modo conveniente per generare una stringa da "
"valori dinamici. Accetta la stessa specifica di formato di `println!()`."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:47
msgid ""
"You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
"selection. If you select a byte range that is not aligned to character "
"boundaries, the expression will panic. The `chars` iterator iterates over "
"characters and is preferred over trying to get character boundaries right."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `std::string_view` from C++, but the "
"one that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough "
"equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain "
"UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)."
msgstr ""
"Per i programmatori C++: pensa a `&str` come a `const char*` da C++ ma che "
"punta sempre a una stringa valida in memoria. Rust `String` è "
"approssimativamente equivalente a `std::string` da C++ (differenza "
"principale: può contenere solo byte codificati UTF-8 e non utilizzerà mai "
"l'ottimizzazione di stringhe piccole)."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md:57
#, fuzzy
msgid "Byte strings literals allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:"
msgstr ""
"Le stringhe di byte consentono di creare direttamente un valore `&[u8]`:"
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:3
msgid ""
"A reference has a _lifetime_, which must not \"outlive\" the value it refers "
"to. This is verified by the borrow checker."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:6
msgid ""
"The lifetime can be implicit - this is what we have seen so far. Lifetimes "
"can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`. Lifetimes start with "
"`'` and `'a` is a typical default name. Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed "
"`Point` which is valid for at least the lifetime `a`\"."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:11
msgid ""
"Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime "
"yourself. Explicit lifetime annotations create constraints where there is "
"ambiguity; the compiler verifies that there is a valid solution."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:15
msgid ""
"Lifetimes become more complicated when considering passing values to and "
"returning values from functions."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:36
msgid "// What is the lifetime of p3?\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:37
msgid "\"p3: {p3:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:44
msgid ""
"In this example, the the compiler does not know what lifetime to infer for "
"`p3`. Looking inside the function body shows that it can only safely assume "
"that `p3`'s lifetime is the shorter of `p1` and `p2`. But just like types, "
"Rust requires explicit annotations of lifetimes on function arguments and "
"return values."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:50
msgid "Add `'a` appropriately to `left_most`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:56
msgid ""
"This says, \"given p1 and p2 which both outlive `'a`, the return value lives "
"for at least `'a`."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md:59
msgid ""
"In common cases, lifetimes can be elided, as described on the next slide."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:1
msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls"
msgstr "Lifetime in Chiamate a Funzione"
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:3
msgid ""
"Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, "
"but Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple "
"rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html). This is not "
"inference -- it is just a syntactic shorthand."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:8
msgid "Each argument which does not have a lifetime annotation is given one."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:9
msgid ""
"If there is only one argument lifetime, it is given to all un-annotated "
"return values."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:11
msgid ""
"If there are multiple argument lifetimes, but the first one is for `self`, "
"that lifetime is given to all un-annotated return values."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:53
msgid "In this example, `cab_distance` is trivially elided."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:55
msgid ""
"The `nearest` function provides another example of a function with multiple "
"references in its arguments that requires explicit annotation."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:58
msgid "Try adjusting the signature to \"lie\" about the lifetimes returned:"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:64
msgid ""
"This won't compile, demonstrating that the annotations are checked for "
"validity by the compiler. Note that this is not the case for raw pointers "
"(unsafe), and this is a common source of errors with unsafe Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md:68
msgid ""
"Students may ask when to use lifetimes. Rust borrows _always_ have "
"lifetimes. Most of the time, elision and type inference mean these don't "
"need to be written out. In more complicated cases, lifetime annotations can "
"help resolve ambiguity. Often, especially when prototyping, it's easier to "
"just work with owned data by cloning values where necessary."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:1
msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures"
msgstr "Lifetime in Strutture Dati"
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:"
msgstr ""
"Se un tipo di dati memorizza dati presi in prestito, deve essere annotato "
"con una durata:"
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:10
msgid "\"Bye {text}!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:14
msgid "\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:17
msgid "// erase(text);\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:18
msgid "\"{fox:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:19
msgid "\"{dog:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data "
"underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of "
"`Highlight` that uses that data."
msgstr ""
"Nell'esempio precedente, l'annotazione su \"Highlight\" impone che i dati "
"sottostanti a \"&str\" contenuti durino almeno quanto qualsiasi istanza di "
"\"Highlight\" che utilizza quei dati."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), "
"the borrow checker throws an error."
msgstr ""
"Se `text` viene consumato prima della fine della vita di `fox` (o `dog`), il "
"controllo del prestito genera un errore."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This "
"can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them "
"somewhat harder to use."
msgstr ""
"I tipi con dati presi in prestito costringono gli utenti a conservare i dati "
"originali. Questo può essere utile per creare viste leggere, ma in genere le "
"rende un po' più difficili da usare."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly."
msgstr ""
"Quando possibile, fare in modo che le strutture dati possiedano direttamente "
"i propri dati."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime "
"annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime "
"relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime "
"of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases."
msgstr ""
"Alcune strutture con più riferimenti all'interno possono avere più di "
"un'annotazione di durata. Ciò può essere necessario se è necessario "
"descrivere le relazioni di durata tra i riferimenti stessi, oltre alla "
"durata della struttura stessa. Questi sono casi d'uso molto avanzati."
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"In this exercise, you will build a parser for the [protobuf binary encoding]"
"(https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/). Don't worry, it's "
"simpler than it seems! This illustrates a common parsing pattern, passing "
"slices of data. The underlying data itself is never copied."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:8
msgid ""
"Fully parsing a protobuf message requires knowing the types of the fields, "
"indexed by their field numbers. That is typically provided in a `proto` "
"file. In this exercise, we'll encode that information into `match` "
"statements in functions that get called for each field."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "We'll use the following proto:"
msgstr "Puoi usare il seguente `Cargo.toml`:"
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:28
msgid ""
"A proto message is encoded as a series of fields, one after the next. Each "
"is implemented as a \"tag\" followed by the value. The tag contains a field "
"number (e.g., `2` for the `id` field of a `Person` message) and a wire type "
"defining how the payload should be determined from the byte stream."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:33
msgid ""
"Integers, including the tag, are represented with a variable-length encoding "
"called VARINT. Luckily, `parse_varint` is defined for you below. The given "
"code also defines callbacks to handle `Person` and `PhoneNumber` fields, and "
"to parse a message into a series of calls to those callbacks."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:38
msgid ""
"What remains for you is to implement the `parse_field` function and the "
"`ProtoMessage` trait for `Person` and `PhoneNumber`."
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:49
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:11
msgid "\"Invalid varint\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:51
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:13
msgid "\"Invalid wire-type\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:53
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:15
msgid "\"Unexpected EOF\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:55
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:17
msgid "\"Invalid length\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:57
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:19
msgid "\"Unexpected wire-type)\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:59
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:21
msgid "\"Invalid string (not UTF-8)\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:62
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:24
msgid "/// A wire type as seen on the wire.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:65
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:27
msgid "/// The Varint WireType indicates the value is a single VARINT.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:67
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:29
msgid ""
"//I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n"
" /// The Len WireType indicates that the value is a length represented as "
"a\n"
" /// VARINT followed by exactly that number of bytes.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:71
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:33
msgid ""
"/// The I32 WireType indicates that the value is precisely 4 bytes in\n"
" /// little-endian order containing a 32-bit signed integer.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:76
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:38
msgid "/// A field's value, typed based on the wire type.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:80
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:42
msgid "//I64(i64), -- not needed for this exercise\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:85
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:47
msgid "/// A field, containing the field number and its value.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:102
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:64
msgid "//1 => WireType::I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:132
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:94
msgid ""
"/// Parse a VARINT, returning the parsed value and the remaining bytes.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:140
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:102
msgid ""
"// This is the last byte of the VARINT, so convert it to\n"
" // a u64 and return it.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:150
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:112
msgid "// More than 7 bytes is invalid.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:153
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:115
msgid "/// Convert a tag into a field number and a WireType.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:161
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:122
msgid "/// Parse a field, returning the remaining bytes\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:167
msgid ""
"\"Based on the wire type, build a Field, consuming as many bytes as "
"necessary.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:169
msgid "\"Return the field, and any un-consumed bytes.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:171
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:153
msgid ""
"/// Parse a message in the given data, calling `T::add_field` for each field "
"in\n"
"/// the message.\n"
"///\n"
"/// The entire input is consumed.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md:198
msgid "// TODO: Implement ProtoMessage for Person and PhoneNumber.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:146
msgid "// Unwrap error because `value` is definitely 4 bytes long.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:187
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:198
msgid "// skip everything else\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:225
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:232
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md:239
msgid "b\"hello\""
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome to Day 4"
msgstr "Benvenuto al primo giorno"
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Today we will cover topics relating to building large-scale software in Rust:"
msgstr "Oggi tratteremo alcuni argomenti più avanzati di Rust:"
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:5
msgid "Iterators: a deep dive on the `Iterator` trait."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:6
msgid "Modules and visibility."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Testing."
msgstr "Testare"
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`."
msgstr "Gestione degli errori: panic, `Result` e l'operatore try `?`."
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:9
msgid ""
"Unsafe Rust: the escape hatch when you can't express yourself in safe Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:14
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-4.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:15
msgid "[Iterators](./iterators.md) (45 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:16
msgid "[Modules](./modules.md) (40 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-4.md:17
msgid "[Testing](./testing.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators.md:4
msgid "[Iterator](./iterators/iterator.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators.md:5
msgid "[IntoIterator](./iterators/intoiterator.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators.md:6
msgid "[FromIterator](./iterators/fromiterator.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators.md:7
msgid ""
"[Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining](./iterators/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/iterator.md:7
msgid ""
"The [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) "
"trait supports iterating over values in a collection. It requires a `next` "
"method and provides lots of methods. Many standard library types implement "
"`Iterator`, and you can implement it yourself, too:"
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/iterator.md:31
msgid "\"fib({i}): {n}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/iterator.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming "
"operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is "
"the trait where you can find all the documentation about them. In Rust these "
"functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative "
"implementations."
msgstr ""
"Il tratto `Iterator` implementa molte comuni operazioni di programmazione "
"funzionale sulle raccolte (ad es. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, ecc.). Questo è "
"il tratto in cui puoi trovare tutta la documentazione su di loro. In Rust "
"queste funzioni dovrebbero produrre il codice tanto efficiente quanto "
"imperativo equivalente implementazioni."
#: src/iterators/iterator.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by "
"collection types such as `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` "
"and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why you can iterate over a "
"vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist."
msgstr ""
"`IntoIterator` è la caratteristica che fa funzionare i cicli for. È "
"implementato da tipi di raccolta come `Vec<T>` e riferimenti ad essi come "
"`&Vec<T>` e `&[T]`. Anche le gamme lo implementano. Ecco perché puoi iterare "
"su un vettore con `for i in some_vec { .. }` ma `some_vec.next()` non esiste."
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an "
"iterator. The related trait [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) defines how to create an iterator for a type. "
"It is used automatically by the `for` loop."
msgstr ""
"Il tratto `Iterator` ti dice come _iterare_ una volta che hai creato un file "
"iteratore. Il tratto correlato `IntoIterator` ti dice come creare "
"l'iteratore:"
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:49
msgid "\"point = {x}, {y}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:57
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Click through to the docs for `IntoIterator`. Every implementation of "
"`IntoIterator` must declare two types:"
msgstr ""
"La sintassi qui significa che ogni implementazione di \"IntoIterator\" deve "
"dichiarare due tipi:"
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:60
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Item`: the type to iterate over, such as `i8`,"
msgstr "`Item`: il tipo su cui iteriamo, come `i8`,"
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:61
#, fuzzy
msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method."
msgstr "`IntoIter`: il tipo `Iterator` restituito dal metodo `into_iter`."
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:63
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same "
"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option<Item>`"
msgstr ""
"Nota che \"IntoIter\" e \"Item\" sono collegati: l'iteratore deve avere lo "
"stesso Tipo `Item`, che significa che restituisce `Option<Item>`"
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:66
msgid "The example iterates over all combinations of x and y coordinates."
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:68
msgid ""
"Try iterating over the grid twice in `main`. Why does this fail? Note that "
"`IntoIterator::into_iter` takes ownership of `self`."
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:71
msgid ""
"Fix this issue by implementing `IntoIterator` for `&Grid` and storing a "
"reference to the `Grid` in `GridIter`."
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md:74
msgid ""
"The same problem can occur for standard library types: `for e in "
"some_vector` will take ownership of `some_vector` and iterate over owned "
"elements from that vector. Use `for e in &some_vector` instead, to iterate "
"over references to elements of `some_vector`."
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:1
msgid "FromIterator"
msgstr "FromIterator"
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) "
"lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)."
msgstr ""
"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) "
"consente di creare una raccolta da un [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)."
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:9
msgid "\"prime_squares: {prime_squares:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Iterator` implements"
msgstr "`Iteratore`"
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:25
msgid "There are two ways to specify `B` for this method:"
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:27
msgid ""
"With the \"turbofish\": `some_iterator.collect::<COLLECTION_TYPE>()`, as "
"shown. The `_` shorthand used here lets Rust infer the type of the `Vec` "
"elements."
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:29
msgid ""
"With type inference: `let prime_squares: Vec<_> = some_iterator.collect()`. "
"Rewrite the example to use this form."
msgstr ""
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are basic implementations of `FromIterator` for `Vec`, `HashMap`, etc. "
"There are also more specialized implementations which let you do cool things "
"like convert an `Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` into a `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
msgstr ""
"Ci sono anche implementazioni che ti permettono di fare cose interessanti "
"come convertire un file `Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` in un "
"`Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
#: src/iterators/exercise.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this exercise, you will need to find and use some of the provided methods "
"in the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) "
"trait to implement a complex calculation."
msgstr ""
"Puoi implementare il tratto [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/"
"trait.Iterator.html) sui tuoi tipi:"
#: src/iterators/exercise.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and make the tests "
"pass. Use an iterator expression and `collect` the result to construct the "
"return value."
msgstr ""
"Copia il seguente codice in <https://play.rust-lang.org/> ed esegui i test "
"passaggio. Prova a evitare di assegnare un `Vec` per i tuoi risultati "
"intermedi:"
#: src/iterators/exercise.md:11 src/iterators/solution.md:4
msgid ""
"/// Calculate the differences between elements of `values` offset by "
"`offset`,\n"
"/// wrapping around from the end of `values` to the beginning.\n"
"///\n"
"/// Element `n` of the result is `values[(n+offset)%len] - values[n]`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:4
msgid "[Modules](./modules/modules.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:5
msgid "[Filesystem Hierarchy](./modules/filesystem.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:6
msgid "[Visibility](./modules/visibility.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:7
msgid "[use, super, self](./modules/paths.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:8
msgid ""
"[Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library](./modules/exercise.md) (15 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules.md:10
msgid "This segment should take about 40 minutes"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/modules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type."
msgstr ""
"Abbiamo visto come i blocchi `impl` ci permettono di utilizzare lo spazio "
"dei nomi per un tipo."
#: src/modules/modules.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:"
msgstr ""
"Allo stesso modo, `mod` ci consente tipi e funzioni dello spazio dei nomi:"
#: src/modules/modules.md:10
msgid "\"In the foo module\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/modules.md:16
msgid "\"In the bar module\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/modules.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that "
"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates."
msgstr ""
"I pacchetti forniscono funzionalità e includono un file `Cargo.toml` che "
"descrive come costruire un pacchetto di 1+ casse."
#: src/modules/modules.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and "
"a library crate compiles to a library."
msgstr ""
"I crate sono un albero di moduli, in cui un crate binario crea un eseguibile "
"e un crate di libreria viene compilato in una libreria."
#: src/modules/modules.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section."
msgstr ""
"I moduli definiscono l'organizzazione, l'ambito e sono il fulcro di questa "
"sezione."
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3
msgid ""
"Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9
msgid ""
"This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden."
"rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/"
"vegetables.rs`."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `crate` root is in:"
msgstr "La radice di `crate` è in:"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)"
msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (per un crate di libreria)"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)"
msgstr "`src/main.rs` (per una cassa binaria)"
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc "
"comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a "
"module."
msgstr ""
"Anche i moduli definiti nei file possono essere documentati utilizzando "
"\"commenti interni al documento\". Questi documentano l'elemento che li "
"contiene, in questo caso un modulo."
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:22
msgid ""
"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant "
"germination\n"
"//! implementation.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:24
msgid "// Re-export types from this module.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:28
msgid "/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:33
msgid "/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:43
msgid ""
"Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of "
"`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:46
msgid ""
"The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod."
"rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:49
msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:59
msgid ""
"The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler "
"directive:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:62
msgid "\"some/path.rs\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:66
msgid ""
"This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module "
"in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:"
msgstr "I moduli sono un limite di privacy:"
#: src/modules/visibility.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)."
msgstr ""
"Gli elementi del modulo sono privati per impostazione predefinita (nasconde "
"i dettagli di implementazione)."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible."
msgstr "Gli elementi dei genitori e dei fratelli sono sempre visibili."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all "
"the descendants of `foo`."
msgstr ""
"In altre parole, se un elemento è visibile nel modulo `foo`, è visibile in "
"tutti i file discendenti di `foo`."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:13
msgid "\"outer::private\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:17
msgid "\"outer::public\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:22
msgid "\"outer::inner::private\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:26
msgid "\"outer::inner::public\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/visibility.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public."
msgstr "Usa la parola chiave `pub` per rendere pubblici i moduli."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope "
"of public visibility."
msgstr ""
"Inoltre, ci sono specificatori avanzati `pub(...)` per restringere l'ambito "
"della visibilità pubblica."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-"
"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)."
msgstr ""
"Vedere il [riferimento Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-"
"and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern."
msgstr ""
"La configurazione della visibilità di `pub(crate)` è un modello comune."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path."
msgstr "Meno comunemente, puoi dare visibilità a un percorso specifico."
#: src/modules/visibility.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of "
"its descendants)."
msgstr ""
"In ogni caso, la visibilità deve essere concessa a un modulo predecessore "
"(ea tutti i suoi discendenti)."
#: src/modules/paths.md:1
msgid "use, super, self"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You "
"will typically see something like this at the top of each module:"
msgstr ""
"Un modulo può portare i simboli di un altro modulo nell'ambito con `use`. In "
"genere vedrai qualcosa di simile nella parte superiore di ogni modulo:"
#: src/modules/paths.md:11
msgid "Paths"
msgstr "Percorsi (Paths)"
#: src/modules/paths.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:"
msgstr "I percorsi sono risolti come segue:"
#: src/modules/paths.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "As a relative path:"
msgstr "Come percorso relativo:"
#: src/modules/paths.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,"
msgstr "`foo` o `self::foo` si riferisce a `foo` nel modulo corrente,"
#: src/modules/paths.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module."
msgstr "`super::foo` fa riferimento a `foo` nel modulo genitore."
#: src/modules/paths.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "As an absolute path:"
msgstr "Come percorso assoluto:"
#: src/modules/paths.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,"
msgstr "`crate::foo` fa riferimento a `foo` nella radice del crate corrente,"
#: src/modules/paths.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate."
msgstr "`bar::foo` si riferisce a `foo` nella cassa `bar`."
#: src/modules/paths.md:26
msgid ""
"It is common to \"re-export\" symbols at a shorter path. For example, the "
"top-level `lib.rs` in a crate might have"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:36
msgid ""
"making `DiskStorage` and `NetworkStorage` available to other crates with a "
"convenient, short path."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:39
msgid ""
"For the most part, only items that appear in a module need to be `use`'d. "
"However, a trait must be in scope to call any methods on that trait, even if "
"a type implementing that trait is already in scope. For example, to use the "
"`read_to_string` method on a type implementing the `Read` trait, you need to "
"`use std::io::Read`."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/paths.md:45
msgid ""
"The `use` statement can have a wildcard: `use std::io::*`. This is "
"discouraged because it is not clear which items are imported, and those "
"might change over time."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"In this exercise, you will reorganize a small GUI Library implementation. "
"This library defines a `Widget` trait and a few implementations of that "
"trait, as well as a `main` function."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:7
msgid ""
"It is typical to put each type or set of closely-related types into its own "
"module, so each widget type should get its own module."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Cargo Setup"
msgstr "Setup"
#: src/modules/exercise.md:12
msgid ""
"The Rust playground only supports one file, so you will need to make a Cargo "
"project on your local filesystem:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:21
msgid ""
"Edit the resulting `src/main.rs` to add `mod` statements, and add additional "
"files in the `src` directory."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:24
msgid "Source"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:26
msgid "Here's the single-module implementation of the GUI library:"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:30 src/modules/solution.md:36
msgid "/// Natural width of `self`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:33 src/modules/solution.md:39
msgid "/// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:36 src/modules/solution.md:42
msgid "/// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:40 src/modules/solution.md:46
msgid "\"{buffer}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:88
msgid "// Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:100
msgid ""
"// TODO: Change draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use "
"the\n"
" // ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:102 src/modules/exercise.md:108
#: src/modules/solution.md:165 src/modules/solution.md:171
msgid "\"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:102 src/modules/exercise.md:104
#: src/modules/exercise.md:108 src/modules/exercise.md:122
#: src/modules/exercise.md:126 src/modules/solution.md:110
#: src/modules/solution.md:114 src/modules/solution.md:165
#: src/modules/solution.md:167 src/modules/solution.md:171
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:27 src/testing/solution.md:89
msgid "\"\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:103 src/modules/solution.md:166
msgid "\"| {:^inner_width$} |\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:104 src/modules/solution.md:167
msgid "\"+={:=<inner_width$}=+\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:106 src/modules/solution.md:169
msgid "\"| {:inner_width$} |\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:114 src/modules/solution.md:100
msgid "// add a bit of padding\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:122 src/modules/exercise.md:126
#: src/modules/solution.md:110 src/modules/solution.md:114
msgid "\"+{:-<width$}+\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:124 src/modules/solution.md:112
msgid "\"|{:^width$}|\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:141 src/modules/solution.md:183
msgid "\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:142 src/modules/solution.md:185
msgid "\"This is a small text GUI demo.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:143 src/modules/solution.md:186
msgid "\"Click me!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/exercise.md:151
msgid ""
"Encourage students to divide the code in a way that feels natural for them, "
"and get accustomed to the required `mod`, `use`, and `pub` declarations. "
"Afterward, discuss what organizations are most idiomatic."
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:30
msgid "// ---- src/widgets.rs ----\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:56
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/label.rs ----\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:71
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:75
msgid "// ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:77
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:84
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/button.rs ----\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:99
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:103
msgid "// ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:105
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:120
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/window.rs ----\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:147
msgid ""
"// ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:152
msgid "// ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:154
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:162
msgid ""
"// TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/modules/solution.md:177
msgid "// ---- src/main.rs ----\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing.md:4
msgid "[Test Modules](./testing/unit-tests.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing.md:5
msgid "[Other Types of Tests](./testing/other.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing.md:6
msgid "[Useful Crates](./testing/useful-crates.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing.md:7
msgid "[GoogleTest](./testing/googletest.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing.md:8
msgid "[Mocking](./testing/mocking.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing.md:9
msgid "[Compiler Lints and Clippy](./testing/lints.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing.md:10
msgid "[Exercise: Luhn Algorithm](./testing/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:1
msgid "Unit Tests"
msgstr "Test per unità"
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:"
msgstr "Rust e Cargo sono dotati di un semplice framework di unit test:"
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code."
msgstr "I test unitari sono supportati in tutto il codice."
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory."
msgstr "I test di integrazione sono supportati tramite la directory `tests/`."
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:9
msgid ""
"Tests are marked with `#[test]`. Unit tests are often put in a nested "
"`tests` module, using `#[cfg(test)]` to conditionally compile them only when "
"building tests."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Hello World\""
msgstr "Hello World!"
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers."
msgstr "Questo ti consente di testare unitamente gli aiutanti privati."
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`."
msgstr "L'attributo `#[cfg(test)]` è attivo solo quando esegui `cargo test`."
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:48
msgid "Run the tests in the playground in order to show their results."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/other.md:3
msgid "Integration Tests"
msgstr "Test di integrazione"
#: src/testing/other.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test."
msgstr ""
"Se desideri testare la tua libreria come client, utilizza un test di "
"integrazione."
#: src/testing/other.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:"
msgstr "Crea un file `.rs` in `tests/`:"
#: src/testing/other.md:10
msgid "// tests/my_library.rs\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/other.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate."
msgstr "Questi test hanno accesso solo all'API pubblica del tuo crate."
#: src/testing/other.md:21
msgid "Documentation Tests"
msgstr "Test nella documentazione"
#: src/testing/other.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:"
msgstr "Rust ha il supporto integrato per i test di documentazione:"
#: src/testing/other.md:26
msgid ""
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
"///\n"
"/// ```\n"
"/// # use playground::shorten_string;\n"
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
"/// ```\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/other.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code."
msgstr ""
"I blocchi di codice nei commenti `///` sono visti automaticamente come "
"codice Rust."
#: src/testing/other.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`."
msgstr "Il codice verrà compilato ed eseguito come parte di `cargo test`."
#: src/testing/other.md:40
msgid ""
"Adding `#` in the code will hide it from the docs, but will still compile/"
"run it."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/other.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
msgstr ""
"Prova il codice precedente su [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests."
msgstr "Rust ha il supporto integrato per i test di documentazione:"
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5
msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7
msgid ""
"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion "
"library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:9
msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:10
msgid ""
"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised "
"tests."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:3
msgid ""
"The [GoogleTest](https://docs.rs/googletest/) crate allows for flexible test "
"assertions using _matchers_:"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:11
msgid "\"baz\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:12
msgid "\"xyz\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:16
msgid ""
"If we change the last element to `\"!\"`, the test fails with a structured "
"error message pin-pointing the error:"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:37
msgid ""
"GoogleTest is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this "
"example in a local environment. Use `cargo add googletest` to quickly add it "
"to an existing Cargo project."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:41
msgid ""
"The `use googletest::prelude::*;` line imports a number of [commonly used "
"macros and types](https://docs.rs/googletest/latest/googletest/prelude/index."
"html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:44
msgid "This just scratches the surface, there are many builtin matchers."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:46
msgid ""
"A particularly nice feature is that mismatches in multi-line strings strings "
"are shown as a diff:"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:52
msgid ""
"\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n"
" Rust's strong typing guides the way,\\n\\\n"
" Secure code you'll write.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:57
msgid ""
"\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n"
" Rust's silly humor guides the way,\\n\\\n"
" Secure code you'll write.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:64
msgid "shows a color-coded diff (colors not shown here):"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:81
msgid ""
"The crate is a Rust port of [GoogleTest for C++](https://google.github.io/"
"googletest/)."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/googletest.md:86
msgid "GoogleTest is available for use in AOSP."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/mocking.md:3
msgid ""
"For mocking, [Mockall](https://docs.rs/mockall/) is a widely used library. "
"You need to refactor your code to use traits, which you can then quickly "
"mock:"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/mocking.md:27
msgid ""
"The advice here is for Android (AOSP) where Mockall is the recommended "
"mocking library. There are other [mocking libraries available on crates.io]"
"(https://crates.io/keywords/mock), in particular in the area of mocking HTTP "
"services. The other mocking libraries work in a similar fashion as Mockall, "
"meaning that they make it easy to get a mock implementation of a given trait."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/mocking.md:34
msgid ""
"Note that mocking is somewhat _controversial_: mocks allow you to completely "
"isolate a test from its dependencies. The immediate result is faster and "
"more stable test execution. On the other hand, the mocks can be configured "
"wrongly and return output different from what the real dependencies would do."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/mocking.md:39
msgid ""
"If at all possible, it is recommended that you use the real dependencies. As "
"an example, many databases allow you to configure an in-memory backend. This "
"means that you get the correct behavior in your tests, plus they are fast "
"and will automatically clean up after themselves."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/mocking.md:44
msgid ""
"Similarly, many web frameworks allow you to start an in-process server which "
"binds to a random port on `localhost`. Always prefer this over mocking away "
"the framework since it helps you test your code in the real environment."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/mocking.md:48
msgid ""
"Mockall is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this example "
"in a local environment. Use `cargo add mockall` to quickly add Mockall to an "
"existing Cargo project."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/mocking.md:52
msgid ""
"Mockall has a lot more functionality. In particular, you can set up "
"expectations which depend on the arguments passed. Here we use this to mock "
"a cat which becomes hungry 3 hours after the last time it was fed:"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/mocking.md:70
msgid ""
"You can use `.times(n)` to limit the number of times a mock method can be "
"called to `n` --- the mock will automatically panic when dropped if this "
"isn't satisfied."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/lints.md:3
msgid ""
"The Rust compiler produces fantastic error messages, as well as helpful "
"built-in lints. [Clippy](https://doc.rust-lang.org/clippy/) provides even "
"more lints, organized into groups that can be enabled per-project."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/lints.md:14
msgid "\"X probably fits in a u16, right? {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/lints.md:21
msgid ""
"Run the code sample and examine the error message. There are also lints "
"visible here, but those will not be shown once the code compiles. Switch to "
"the Playground site to show those lints."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/lints.md:25
msgid ""
"After resolving the lints, run `clippy` on the playground site to show "
"clippy warnings. Clippy has extensive documentation of its lints, and adds "
"new lints (including default-deny lints) all the time."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/lints.md:29
msgid ""
"Note that errors or warnings with `help: ...` can be fixed with `cargo fix` "
"or via your editor."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/exercise.md:3
msgid "Luhn Algorithm"
msgstr "Algoritmo di Luhn"
#: src/testing/exercise.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used "
"to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and "
"does the following to validate the credit card number:"
msgstr ""
"L'[algoritmo di Luhn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) viene "
"utilizzato per convalidare i numeri di carta di credito. L'algoritmo prende "
"una stringa come input e fa il seguente per convalidare il numero della "
"carta di credito:"
#: src/testing/exercise.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits."
msgstr "Ignora tutti gli spazi. Rifiuta il numero con meno di due cifre."
#: src/testing/exercise.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number "
"`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`."
msgstr ""
"Spostandoti da destra a sinistra, raddoppia ogni seconda cifra: per il "
"numero `1234`, raddoppiamo \"3\" e \"1\"."
#: src/testing/exercise.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After doubling a digit, sum the digits if the result is greater than 9. So "
"doubling `7` becomes `14` which becomes `1 + 4 = 5`."
msgstr ""
"Dopo aver raddoppiato una cifra, somma le cifre. Quindi raddoppiando \"7\" "
"diventa \"14\" which diventa \"5\"."
#: src/testing/exercise.md:17
msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits."
msgstr "Somma tutte le cifre non raddoppiate e raddoppiate."
#: src/testing/exercise.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
msgstr "Il numero della carta di credito è valido se la somma termina con `0`."
#: src/testing/exercise.md:21
msgid ""
"The provided code provides a buggy implementation of the luhn algorithm, "
"along with two basic unit tests that confirm that most the algorithm is "
"implemented correctly."
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/exercise.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and write additional "
"tests to uncover bugs in the provided implementation, fixing any bugs you "
"find."
msgstr ""
"Copia il codice qui sotto in <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e inserisci "
"quello mancante funzioni e metodi:"
#: src/testing/exercise.md:57 src/testing/solution.md:69
msgid "\"4263 9826 4026 9299\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/exercise.md:58 src/testing/solution.md:70
msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6467\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/exercise.md:59 src/testing/solution.md:71
msgid "\"7992 7398 713\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/exercise.md:64 src/testing/solution.md:76
msgid "\"4223 9826 4026 9299\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/exercise.md:65 src/testing/solution.md:77
msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6476\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/exercise.md:66 src/testing/solution.md:78
msgid "\"8273 1232 7352 0569\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:4
msgid "// This is the buggy version that appears in the problem.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:27
msgid "// This is the solution and passes all of the tests below.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:56
msgid "\"1234 5678 1234 5670\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:58
msgid "\"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:59
msgid "\"yes\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:59
msgid "\"no\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:84
msgid "\"foo 0 0\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:90
msgid "\" \""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:91
msgid "\" \""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:92
msgid "\" \""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:97
msgid "\"0\""
msgstr ""
#: src/testing/solution.md:102
msgid "\" 0 0 \""
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md:4
msgid "[Error Handling](./error-handling.md) (45 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md:5
msgid "[Unsafe Rust](./unsafe-rust.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md:7
msgid "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling.md:4
msgid "[Panics](./error-handling/panics.md) (3 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling.md:5
msgid "[Try Operator](./error-handling/try.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling.md:6
msgid "[Try Conversions](./error-handling/try-conversions.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling.md:7
msgid "[Error Trait](./error-handling/error.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling.md:8
msgid ""
"[thiserror and anyhow](./error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling.md:9
msgid ""
"[Exercise: Rewriting with Result](./error-handling/exercise.md) (20 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3
msgid "Rust handles fatal errors with a \"panic\"."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:"
msgstr ""
"Rust attiverà un panico se si verifica un errore fatale in fase di "
"esecuzione:"
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:10
msgid "\"v[100]: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors."
msgstr "I panico sono per errori irrecuperabili e imprevisti."
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program."
msgstr "I panici sono sintomi di bug nel programma."
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:16
msgid "Runtime failures like failed bounds checks can panic"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:17
msgid "Assertions (such as `assert!`) panic on failure"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:18
msgid "Purpose-specific panics can use the `panic!` macro."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:19
msgid ""
"A panic will \"unwind\" the stack, dropping values just as if the functions "
"had returned."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable."
msgstr "Usa API senza panico (come `Vec::get`) se il crash non è accettabile."
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be "
"caught:"
msgstr ""
"Per impostazione predefinita, un panico causerà lo srotolamento dello stack. "
"Lo svolgimento può essere catturato:"
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:32
msgid "\"No problem here!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:33 src/error-handling/panics.md:38
msgid "\"{result:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:36
msgid "\"oh no!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:42
msgid ""
"Catching is unusual; do not attempt to implement exceptions with "
"`catch_unwind`!"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single "
"request crashes."
msgstr ""
"Questo può essere utile nei server che dovrebbero continuare a funzionare "
"anche se un singolo la richiesta va in crash."
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`."
msgstr ""
"Questo non funziona se `panic = 'abort'` è impostato nel tuo `Cargo.toml`."
#: src/error-handling/try.md:3
msgid ""
"Runtime errors like connection-refused or file-not-found are handled with "
"the `Result` type, but matching this type on every call can be cumbersome. "
"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
"turn the common"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "into the much simpler"
msgstr "nel molto più semplice"
#: src/error-handling/try.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:"
msgstr ""
"Possiamo usarlo per semplificare il nostro codice di gestione degli errori:"
#: src/error-handling/try.md:42
msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try.md:43 src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:65
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:36
msgid "\"config.dat\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try.md:44 src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:66
msgid "\"username or error: {username:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try.md:51
msgid "Simplify the `read_username` function to use `?`."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try.md:55
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`."
msgstr "La variabile `username` può essere `Ok(string)` o `Err(error)`."
#: src/error-handling/try.md:56
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty "
"file, file with username."
msgstr ""
"Usa la chiamata `fs::write` per testare i diversi scenari: nessun file, file "
"vuoto, file con nome utente."
#: src/error-handling/try.md:58
msgid ""
"Note that `main` can return a `Result<(), E>` as long as it implements `std::"
"process:Termination`. In practice, this means that `E` implements `Debug`. "
"The executable will print the `Err` variant and return a nonzero exit status "
"on error."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously "
"indicated:"
msgstr ""
"L'effettiva espansione di `?` è un po' più complicata di quanto "
"precedentemente indicato:"
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:10
msgid "works the same as"
msgstr "funziona allo stesso modo di"
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the "
"type returned by the function. This makes it easy to encapsulate errors into "
"higher-level errors."
msgstr ""
"La chiamata `From::from` qui significa che tentiamo di convertire il tipo di "
"errore in tipo restituito dalla funzione:"
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:42
msgid "\"IO error: {e}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:43
msgid "\"Found no username in {path}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:64
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:35
msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:73
msgid ""
"The `?` operator must return a value compatible with the return type of the "
"function. For `Result`, it means that the error types have to be compatible. "
"A function that returns `Result<T, ErrorOuter>` can only use `?` on a value "
"of type `Result<U, ErrorInner>` if `ErrorOuter` and `ErrorInner` are the "
"same type or if `ErrorOuter` implements `From<ErrorInner>`."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:79
msgid ""
"A common alternative to a `From` implementation is `Result::map_err`, "
"especially when the conversion only happens in one place."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:82
msgid ""
"There is no compatibility requirement for `Option`. A function returning "
"`Option<T>` can use the `?` operator on `Option<U>` for arbitrary `T` and "
"`U` types."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md:86
msgid ""
"A function that returns `Result` cannot use `?` on `Option` and vice versa. "
"However, `Option::ok_or` converts `Option` to `Result` whereas `Result::ok` "
"turns `Result` into `Option`."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/error.md:1
msgid "Dynamic Error Types"
msgstr "Tipi di errori dinamici"
#: src/error-handling/error.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing "
"our own enum covering all the different possibilities. The `std::error::"
"Error` trait makes it easy to create a trait object that can contain any "
"error."
msgstr ""
"A volte vogliamo consentire la restituzione di qualsiasi tipo di errore "
"senza scrivere la nostra copertura enum tutte le diverse possibilità. `std::"
"error::Error` lo rende facile."
#: src/error-handling/error.md:20 src/error-handling/error.md:21
msgid "\"count.dat\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/error.md:20
msgid "\"1i3\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/error.md:22
msgid "\"Count: {count}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/error.md:23
msgid "\"Error: {err}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/error.md:31
msgid ""
"The `read_count` function can return `std::io::Error` (from file operations) "
"or `std::num::ParseIntError` (from `String::parse`)."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/error.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Boxing errors saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle "
"different error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not "
"a good idea to use `Box<dyn Error>` in the public API of a library, but it "
"can be a good option in a program where you just want to display the error "
"message somewhere."
msgstr ""
"Ciò consente di risparmiare sul codice, ma rinuncia alla possibilità di "
"gestire in modo pulito diversi casi di errore in modo diverso il programma. "
"Pertanto, generalmente non è una buona idea utilizzare `Box<dyn Error>` "
"nell'API pubblica di a library, ma può essere una buona opzione in un "
"programma in cui si desidera solo visualizzare il messaggio di errore in "
"qualche luogo."
#: src/error-handling/error.md:40
msgid ""
"Make sure to implement the `std::error::Error` trait when defining a custom "
"error type so it can be boxed. But if you need to support the `no_std` "
"attribute, keep in mind that the `std::error::Error` trait is currently "
"compatible with `no_std` in [nightly](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/"
"issues/103765) only."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) and [`anyhow`](https://docs.rs/"
"anyhow/) crates are widely used to simplify error handling."
msgstr ""
"Il crate [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) è un modo popolare per "
"creare un error enum come abbiamo fatto nella pagina precedente:"
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:7
msgid ""
"`thiserror` is often used in libraries to create custom error types that "
"implement `From<T>`."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:9
msgid ""
"`anyhow` is often used by applications to help with error handling in "
"functions, including adding contextual information to your errors."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:19
msgid "\"Found no username in {0}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:25
msgid "\"Failed to open {path}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:27
msgid "\"Failed to read\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:37
msgid "\"Username: {username}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:38
msgid "\"Error: {err:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "`thiserror`"
msgstr "`Errore`"
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:48
msgid ""
"The `Error` derive macro is provided by `thiserror`, and has lots of useful "
"attributes to help define error types in a compact way."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:50
msgid "The `std::error::Error` trait is derived automatically."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:51
msgid "The message from `#[error]` is used to derive the `Display` trait."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:53
msgid "`anyhow`"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:55
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box<dyn Error>`. As such "
"it's again generally not a good choice for the public API of a library, but "
"is widely used in applications."
msgstr ""
"`anyhow::Error` è essenzialmente un wrapper attorno a `Box<dyn Error>`. In "
"quanto tale, generalmente non lo è una buona scelta per l'API pubblica di "
"una libreria, ma è ampiamente utilizzata nelle applicazioni."
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:58
#, fuzzy
msgid "`anyhow::Result<V>` is a type alias for `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`."
msgstr ""
"`comunque::Risultato<V>` è un alias di tipo per `Risultato<V, comunque::"
"Errore>`."
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:59
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary."
msgstr ""
"Il tipo di errore effettivo all'interno di esso può essere estratto per "
"l'esame, se necessario."
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:60
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result<T>` may be familiar to Go "
"developers, as it provides similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, "
"error)` from Go."
msgstr ""
"La funzionalità fornita da `anyhow::Result<T>` potrebbe essere familiare "
"agli sviluppatori Go, in quanto fornisce modelli di utilizzo ed ergonomia "
"simili a `(T, errore)` di Go."
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md:63
msgid ""
"`anyhow::Context` is a trait implemented for the standard `Result` and "
"`Option` types. `use anyhow::Context` is necessary to enable `.context()` "
"and `.with_context()` on those types."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:1
msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with Result"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:3
msgid ""
"The following implements a very simple parser for an expression language. "
"However, it handles errors by panicking. Rewrite it to instead use idiomatic "
"error handling and propagate errors to a return from `main`. Feel free to "
"use `thiserror` and `anyhow`."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:8
msgid ""
"HINT: start by fixing error handling in the `parse` function. Once that is "
"working correctly, update `Tokenizer` to implement "
"`Iterator<Item=Result<Token, TokenizerError>>` and handle that in the parser."
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:15 src/error-handling/solution.md:9
msgid "/// An arithmetic operator.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:22 src/error-handling/solution.md:16
msgid "/// A token in the expression language.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:30 src/error-handling/solution.md:24
msgid "/// An expression in the expression language.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:34 src/error-handling/solution.md:28
msgid "/// A reference to a variable.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:36 src/error-handling/solution.md:30
msgid "/// A literal number.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:38 src/error-handling/solution.md:32
msgid "/// A binary operation.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:62 src/error-handling/exercise.md:64
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:62 src/error-handling/solution.md:64
msgid "'z'"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:64 src/error-handling/solution.md:64
msgid "'_'"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:70 src/error-handling/solution.md:70
msgid "'+'"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:71 src/error-handling/solution.md:71
msgid "'-'"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:72
msgid "\"Unexpected character {c}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:82 src/error-handling/solution.md:81
msgid "\"Unexpected end of input\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:86
msgid "\"Invalid 32-bit integer'\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:90 src/error-handling/exercise.md:100
msgid "\"Unexpected token {tok:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:92 src/error-handling/solution.md:104
msgid "// Look ahead to parse a binary operation if present.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:108 src/error-handling/solution.md:121
msgid "\"10+foo+20-30\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md:109 src/error-handling/solution.md:122
msgid "\"{expr:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:42
msgid "\"Unexpected character '{0}' in input\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:79
msgid "\"Tokenizer error: {0}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:83
msgid "\"Unexpected token {0:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/error-handling/solution.md:85
msgid "\"Invalid number\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:4
msgid "[Unsafe](./unsafe-rust/unsafe.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:5
msgid ""
"[Dereferencing Raw Pointers](./unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md) (10 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:6
msgid "[Mutable Static Variables](./unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:7
msgid "[Unions](./unsafe-rust/unions.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:8
msgid "[Unsafe Functions](./unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:9
msgid "[Unsafe Traits](./unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md) (5 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust.md:10
msgid "[Exercise: FFI Wrapper](./unsafe-rust/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Rust language has two parts:"
msgstr "Il linguaggio Rust ha due parti:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible."
msgstr ""
"**Safe Rust:** memoria sicura, nessun comportamento indefinito possibile."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are "
"violated."
msgstr ""
"**Unsafe Rust:** può attivare un comportamento indefinito se vengono violate "
"le precondizioni."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We saw mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to know what "
"Unsafe Rust is."
msgstr ""
"Vedremo Rust per lo più sicuro in questo corso, ma è importante saperlo "
"cos'è Unsafe Rust."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be "
"carefully documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer."
msgstr ""
"Il codice non sicuro è solitamente piccolo e isolato e la sua correttezza "
"dovrebbe essere attentamente documentato. Di solito è racchiuso in uno "
"strato di astrazione sicuro."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:"
msgstr "Unsafe Rust ti dà accesso a cinque nuove funzionalità:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "Dereference raw pointers."
msgstr "Dereferenzia i puntatori grezzi."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables."
msgstr "Accedi o modifica variabili statiche mutabili."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "Access `union` fields."
msgstr "Accedi ai campi `union`."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions."
msgstr "Richiama funzioni `non sicure`, comprese le funzioni `extern`."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits."
msgstr "Implementa i tratti \"non sicuri\"."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see "
"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-"
"unsafe-rust.html) and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
msgstr ""
"Tratteremo brevemente le capacità non sicure in seguito. Per tutti i "
"dettagli, vedere [Capitolo 19.1 nel Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html) e il [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"nomicon/)."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers "
"have turned off some compiler safety features and have to write correct code "
"by themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety "
"rules."
msgstr ""
"Unsafe Rust non significa che il codice non sia corretto. Significa che gli "
"sviluppatori hanno ha disattivato le funzionalità di sicurezza del "
"compilatore e deve scrivere il codice corretto loro stessi. Significa che il "
"compilatore non applica più le regole di sicurezza della memoria di Rust."
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:"
msgstr ""
"La creazione di puntatori è sicura, ma la loro dereferenziazione richiede "
"`unsafe`:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:7
msgid "\"careful!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:12
msgid ""
"// Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n"
" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects "
"underlying\n"
" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n"
" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n"
" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:18
msgid "\"r1 is: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:19
msgid "\"uhoh\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:20
msgid "\"r2 is: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:23
msgid ""
"// NOT SAFE. DO NOT DO THIS.\n"
" /*\n"
" let r3: &String = unsafe { &*r1 };\n"
" drop(s);\n"
" println!(\"r3 is: {}\", *r3);\n"
" */"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write "
"a comment for each `unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it "
"satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe operations it is doing."
msgstr ""
"È buona norma (e richiesto dalla guida allo stile di Android Rust) scrivere "
"un commento per ciascuno Blocco `unsafe` che spiega come il codice al suo "
"interno soddisfi i requisiti di sicurezza dell'unsafe operazioni che sta "
"compiendo."
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be "
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:"
msgstr ""
"Nel caso di dereferenze puntatore, ciò significa che i puntatori devono "
"essere [_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), "
"ovvero:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid "The pointer must be non-null."
msgstr "Il puntatore deve essere diverso da null."
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single "
"allocated object)."
msgstr ""
"Il puntatore deve essere _dereferenceable_ (entro i limiti di un singolo "
"oggetto allocato)."
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid "The object must not have been deallocated."
msgstr "L'oggetto non deve essere stato deallocato."
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location."
msgstr "Non devono esserci accessi contemporanei alla stessa posizione."
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object "
"must be live and no reference may be used to access the memory."
msgstr ""
"Se il puntatore è stato ottenuto lanciando un riferimento, l'oggetto "
"sottostante deve essere live e no riferimento può essere utilizzato per "
"accedere alla memoria."
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned."
msgstr ""
"Nella maggior parte dei casi anche il puntatore deve essere correttamente "
"allineato."
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md:52
msgid ""
"The \"NOT SAFE\" section gives an example of a common kind of UB bug: `*r1` "
"has the `'static` lifetime, so `r3` has type `&'static String`, and thus "
"outlives `s`. Creating a reference from a pointer requires _great care_."
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:"
msgstr "È sicuro leggere una variabile statica immutabile:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Hello, world!\""
msgstr "Hello World!"
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:9
msgid "\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable "
"static variables:"
msgstr ""
"Tuttavia, poiché possono verificarsi corse di dati, non è sicuro leggere e "
"scrivere mutabili variabili statiche:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:29
msgid "\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:37
msgid ""
"The program here is safe because it is single-threaded. However, the Rust "
"compiler is conservative and will assume the worst. Try removing the "
"`unsafe` and see how the compiler explains that it is undefined behavior to "
"mutate a static from multiple threads."
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases "
"where it might make sense in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a "
"heap allocator or working with some C APIs."
msgstr ""
"L'uso di una statica mutabile è generalmente una cattiva idea, ma ci sono "
"alcuni casi in cui potrebbe avere senso nel codice `no_std` di basso "
"livello, come implementare un allocatore di heap o lavorare con alcune API C."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:"
msgstr ""
"Le unioni sono come le enum, ma devi monitorare tu stesso il campo attivo:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:14
msgid "\"int: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:15
msgid "\"bool: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "// Undefined behavior!\n"
msgstr "Nessun comportamento indefinito in fase di esecuzione:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They "
"are occasionally needed for interacting with C library APIs."
msgstr ""
"Le unioni sono molto raramente necessarie in Rust poiché di solito puoi "
"usare un enum. Occasionalmente sono necessari per interagire con le API "
"della libreria C."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want "
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
"transmute.html) or a safe wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/"
"crates/zerocopy) crate."
msgstr ""
"Se vuoi solo reinterpretare i byte come un tipo diverso, probabilmente lo "
"vuoi [`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
"transmute.html) o una cassaforte wrapper come la cassa [`zerocopy`](https://"
"crates.io/crates/zerocopy)."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:3 src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:75
msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "Chiamare Funzioni Unsafe"
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions "
"you must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:"
msgstr ""
"Una funzione o un metodo può essere contrassegnato come \"non sicuro\" se ha "
"precondizioni aggiuntive deve sostenere per evitare comportamenti indefiniti:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:9 src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:91
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:41 src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:9
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:15
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:30
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:29
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:38
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:8
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:21
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:19
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:24
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:23 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:49
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:104 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:110
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:118 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:124
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:130 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:136
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:142 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:148
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:43
msgid "\"C\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:14
msgid "\"🗻∈🌏\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:16
msgid ""
"// Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of\n"
" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:19
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:20
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:21
msgid "\"emoji: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:24
msgid "\"char count: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "// Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
msgstr "Nessun comportamento indefinito in fase di esecuzione:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:28
msgid "\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:31
msgid ""
"// Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe {\n"
" // emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:42
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:87
msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions"
msgstr "Creare Funzioni Unsafe"
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular "
"conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
msgstr ""
"Puoi contrassegnare le tue funzioni come \"non sicure\" se richiedono "
"condizioni particolari per evitare undefined comportamento."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:48
msgid ""
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
"///\n"
"/// # Safety\n"
"///\n"
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:63
msgid "// Safe because ...\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:68
msgid "\"a = {}, b = {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:77
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`get_unchecked`, like most `_unchecked` functions, is unsafe, because it can "
"create UB if the range is incorrect. `abs` is incorrect for a different "
"reason: it is an external function (FFI). Calling external functions is "
"usually only a problem when those functions do things with pointers which "
"might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C function might have "
"undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances."
msgstr ""
"Questo di solito è solo un problema per le funzioni esterne che fanno cose "
"con i puntatori che potrebbero violare il modello di memoria di Rust, ma in "
"generale qualsiasi funzione C potrebbe avere un comportamento indefinito "
"sotto qualsiasi circostanze arbitrarie."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:84
msgid ""
"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:89
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We wouldn't actually use pointers for a `swap` function - it can be done "
"safely with references."
msgstr ""
"In realtà non useremmo i puntatori per questo perché può essere fatto in "
"sicurezza con i riferimenti."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md:92
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an "
"`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. "
"Try adding it and see what happens. This will likely change in a future Rust "
"edition."
msgstr ""
"Si noti che il codice non sicuro è consentito all'interno di una funzione "
"non sicura senza un blocco `unsafe`. Noi possiamo proibiscilo con "
"`#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Prova ad aggiungerlo e guarda cosa "
"succede."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:1
msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits"
msgstr "Implementare Unsafe Traits"
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation "
"must guarantee particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
msgstr ""
"Come con le funzioni, puoi contrassegnare un tratto come \"non sicuro\" se "
"l'implementazione deve garantire condizioni particolari per evitare "
"comportamenti indefiniti."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something "
"like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
msgstr ""
"Ad esempio, la cassa \"zerocopy\" ha un tratto non sicuro che sembra "
"[qualcosa del genere](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes."
"html):"
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:12
msgid ""
"/// ...\n"
"/// # Safety\n"
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:26
msgid "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining "
"the requirements for the trait to be safely implemented."
msgstr ""
"Dovrebbe esserci una sezione `# Safety` su Rustdoc per il tratto che spiega "
"i requisiti per il tratto da implementare in modo sicuro."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more "
"complicated."
msgstr ""
"L'attuale sezione sulla sicurezza per `AsBytes` è piuttosto lunga e "
"complicata."
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe."
msgstr "I tratti incorporati \"Invia\" e \"Sincronizza\" non sono sicuri."
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:1
msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper"
msgstr "Safe FFI Wrapper"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function "
"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` "
"functions you would use from C to read the names of files in a directory."
msgstr ""
"Rust ha un ottimo supporto per le funzioni di chiamata attraverso una "
"funzione _foreign interfaccia_ (FFI). Lo useremo per costruire un wrapper "
"sicuro per `libc` funzioni che useresti da C per leggere i nomi dei file di "
"una directory."
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:"
msgstr "Ti consigliamo di consultare le pagine di manuale:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
msgstr "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
msgstr "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
msgstr "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the "
"exercise:"
msgstr ""
"Dovrai anche sfogliare il modulo [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
"ffi/). Lì trovi un numero di tipi di stringa necessari per l'esercizio:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "Encoding"
msgstr "Codifica"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use"
msgstr "Usa"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
msgstr ""
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) e [`String`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "UTF-8"
msgstr "UTF-8"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "Text processing in Rust"
msgstr "Elaborazione del testo in Rust"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)"
msgstr ""
"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) e [`CString`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "NUL-terminated"
msgstr "con terminazione NUL"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "Communicating with C functions"
msgstr "Comunicare con le funzioni C"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and "
"[`OsString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)"
msgstr ""
"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) e [`OsString`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "OS-specific"
msgstr "specifico del sistema operativo"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "Communicating with the OS"
msgstr "Comunicazione con il sistema operativo"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "You will convert between all these types:"
msgstr "Potrai convertire tra tutti questi tipi:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` "
"character,"
msgstr ""
"Da `&str` a `CString`: è necessario allocare spazio per un carattere finale "
"`\\0`,"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions,"
msgstr ""
"Da `CString` a `*const i8`: è necessario un puntatore per chiamare le "
"funzioni C,"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` "
"character,"
msgstr ""
"Da `*const i8` a `&CStr`: hai bisogno di qualcosa che possa trovare il "
"carattere finale `\\0`,"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some "
"unknown data\","
msgstr ""
"da `&CStr` a `&[u8]`: una fetta di byte è l'interfaccia universale per "
"\"alcuni dati sconosciuti\","
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it,"
msgstr ""
"Da `&[u8]` a `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` è un passo verso `OsString`, usa [`OsStrExt`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) per crearlo,"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to "
"return it and call `readdir` again."
msgstr ""
"`&OsStr` a `OsString`: è necessario clonare i dati in `&OsStr` per poterlo "
"restituire e chiamare `readdir` di nuovo."
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very "
"useful chapter about FFI."
msgstr ""
"Il [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) ha anche un "
"capitolo molto utile su FFI."
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
"functions and methods:"
msgstr ""
"Copia il codice qui sotto in <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e inserisci "
"quello mancante funzioni e metodi:"
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:56 src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:69
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:80 src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:94
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:102 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:6
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:19 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:30
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:44 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:52
msgid "\"macos\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:59 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:9
msgid "// Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:66 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:16
msgid ""
"// Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t and\n"
" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:79 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:29
msgid "// Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:94 src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:102
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:44 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:52
msgid "\"x86_64\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:97 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:47
msgid ""
"// See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section on\n"
" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n"
" //\n"
" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
"refers\n"
" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and "
"PowerPC.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:103 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:53
msgid "\"readdir$INODE64\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:121 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:71
msgid ""
"// Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:130
msgid "// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:137 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:105
msgid "// Call closedir as needed.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:143 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:116
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:140 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:155
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:44
msgid "\".\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md:144 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:117
msgid "\"files: {:#?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:74
msgid "\"Invalid path: {err}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:75
msgid "// SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:78
msgid "\"Could not open {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:88
msgid ""
"// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:92
msgid "// We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:95
msgid ""
"// SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
" // terminated.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:107
msgid "// SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:109
msgid "\"Could not close {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:128
msgid "\"no-such-directory\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:136 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:151
msgid "\"Non UTF-8 character in path\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:140 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:155
msgid "\"..\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:147 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:155
msgid "\"foo.txt\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:147
msgid "\"The Foo Diaries\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:148 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:155
msgid "\"bar.png\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:148
msgid "\"<PNG>\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:149 src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:155
msgid "\"crab.rs\""
msgstr ""
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md:149
msgid "\"//! Crab\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android.md:1
msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android"
msgstr "Benvenuto a Rust in Android"
#: src/android.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust is supported for system software on Android. This means that you can "
"write new services, libraries, drivers or even firmware in Rust (or improve "
"existing code as needed)."
msgstr ""
"Rust è supportato per lo sviluppo della piattaforma nativa su Android. Ciò "
"significa che puoi scrivere nuovi servizi del sistema operativo in Rust, "
"oltre ad estenderli servizi esistenti."
#: src/android.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to "
"find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code "
"to Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something "
"that parses some raw bytes would be ideal."
msgstr ""
"Oggi tenteremo di chiamare Rust da uno dei tuoi progetti. Quindi prova a "
"trova un piccolo angolo della tua base di codice in cui possiamo spostare "
"alcune righe di codice Ruggine. Minori sono le dipendenze e i tipi "
"\"esotici\", meglio è. Qualcosa che analizza alcuni byte grezzi sarebbe "
"l'ideale."
#: src/android.md:14
msgid ""
"The speaker may mention any of the following given the increased use of Rust "
"in Android:"
msgstr ""
#: src/android.md:17
msgid ""
"Service example: [DNS over HTTP](https://security.googleblog.com/2022/07/dns-"
"over-http3-in-android.html)"
msgstr ""
#: src/android.md:20
msgid ""
"Libraries: [Rutabaga Virtual Graphics Interface](https://crosvm.dev/book/"
"appendix/rutabaga_gfx.html)"
msgstr ""
#: src/android.md:23
msgid ""
"Kernel Drivers: [Binder](https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20231101-"
"rust-binder-v1-0-08ba9197f637@google.com/)"
msgstr ""
#: src/android.md:26
msgid ""
"Firmware: [pKVM firmware](https://security.googleblog.com/2023/10/bare-metal-"
"rust-in-android.html)"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/setup.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will be using a Cuttlefish Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make "
"sure you have access to one or create a new one with:"
msgstr ""
"Useremo un dispositivo virtuale Android per testare il nostro codice. "
"Assicurati di avere accedi a uno o creane uno nuovo con:"
#: src/android/setup.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/"
"setup/start) for details."
msgstr ""
"Si prega di consultare il [Sviluppatore Android Codelab](https://source."
"android.com/docs/setup/start) per i dettagli."
#: src/android/setup.md:20
msgid ""
"Cuttlefish is a reference Android device designed to work on generic Linux "
"desktops. MacOS support is also planned."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/setup.md:23
msgid ""
"The Cuttlefish system image maintains high fidelity to real devices, and is "
"the ideal emulator to run many Rust use cases."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:"
msgstr ""
"Il sistema di compilazione Android (Soong) supporta Rust tramite una serie "
"di moduli:"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Module Type"
msgstr "Tipo di modulo"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Description"
msgstr "Descrizione"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust_binary`"
msgstr "`binario_ruggine`"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Produces a Rust binary."
msgstr "Produce un binario Rust."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust_library`"
msgstr "`libreria_ruggine`"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants."
msgstr ""
"Produce una libreria Rust e fornisce entrambe le varianti `rlib` e `dylib`."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust_ffi`"
msgstr "`ruggine_ffi`"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static "
"and shared variants."
msgstr ""
"Produce una libreria Rust C utilizzabile dai moduli `cc` e fornisce varianti "
"sia statiche che condivise."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust_proc_macro`"
msgstr "`rust_proc_macro`"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler "
"plugins."
msgstr ""
"Produce una libreria Rust `proc-macro`. Questi sono analoghi ai plugin del "
"compilatore."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust_test`"
msgstr "`test_ruggine`"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness."
msgstr ""
"Produce un file binario di test Rust che utilizza il cablaggio di test Rust "
"standard."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust_fuzz`"
msgstr "`ruggine_fuzz`"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`."
msgstr "Produce un binario fuzz di Rust sfruttando `libfuzzer`."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust_protobuf`"
msgstr "`protobuf_ruggine`"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for "
"a particular protobuf."
msgstr ""
"Genera il codice sorgente e produce una libreria Rust che fornisce "
"un'interfaccia per un particolare protobuf."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust_bindgen`"
msgstr "`ruggine_bindgen`"
#: src/android/build-rules.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C "
"libraries."
msgstr ""
"Genera il codice sorgente e produce una libreria Rust contenente "
"collegamenti Rust alle librerie C."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next."
msgstr "Vedremo successivamente `rust_binary` e `rust_library`."
#: src/android/build-rules.md:20
msgid "Additional items speaker may mention:"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:22
msgid ""
"Cargo is not optimized for multi-language repos, and also downloads packages "
"from the internet."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:25
msgid ""
"For compliance and performance, Android must have crates in-tree. It must "
"also interop with C/C++/Java code. Soong fills that gap."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:28
msgid ""
"Soong has many similarities to Bazel, which is the open-source variant of "
"Blaze (used in google3)."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:31
msgid ""
"There is a plan to transition [Android](https://source.android.com/docs/"
"setup/build/bazel/introduction), [ChromeOS](https://chromium.googlesource."
"com/chromiumos/bazel/), and [Fuchsia](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
"build/bazel/introduction) to Bazel."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:37
msgid "Learning Bazel-like build rules is useful for all Rust OS developers."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules.md:39
msgid "Fun fact: Data from Star Trek is a Soong-type Android."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust Binaries"
msgstr "Binari Rust"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, "
"create the following files:"
msgstr ""
"Iniziamo con una semplice applicazione. Alla radice di un checkout AOSP, "
"create i seguenti file:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_ciao_rust/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:10 src/android/build-rules/binary.md:11
msgid "\"hello_rust\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:12 src/android/build-rules/library.md:19
#: src/android/logging.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"src/main.rs\""
msgstr "`src/principale.rs`:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_ciao_rust/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:19 src/android/build-rules/library.md:37
msgid "//! Rust demo.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:20 src/android/build-rules/library.md:41
msgid "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:23 src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:9
msgid "\"Hello from Rust!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:"
msgstr "Ora puoi creare, inviare ed eseguire il binario:"
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m hello_rust\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust\" /data/local/tmp\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust Libraries"
msgstr "Librerie ruggine"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android."
msgstr "Usa `rust_library` per creare una nuova libreria Rust per Android."
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:"
msgstr "Qui dichiariamo una dipendenza da due librerie:"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below,"
msgstr "`libgreeting`, che definiamo di seguito,"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]"
"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/"
"crates/)."
msgstr ""
"`libtextwrap`, che è una cassa già venduta [`external/rust/crates/`](https://"
"cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/crates/)."
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:17 src/android/build-rules/library.md:18
msgid "\"hello_rust_with_dep\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:21 src/android/build-rules/library.md:28
msgid "\"libgreetings\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:22
msgid "\"libtextwrap\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:24
msgid "// Need this to avoid dynamic link error.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:29
msgid "\"greetings\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:30 src/android/aidl/implementation.md:29
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"src/lib.rs\""
msgstr "`src/principale.rs`:"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
msgstr "_ciao_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:51
msgid "//! Greeting library.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:52
msgid "/// Greet `name`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:55
msgid "\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59
#, fuzzy
msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:"
msgstr "Costruisci, spingi ed esegui il binario come prima:"
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep\" /data/local/"
"tmp\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android."
"com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:"
msgstr ""
"Il [linguaggio di definizione dell'interfaccia Android (AIDL)](https://"
"developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) è supportato in Rust:"
#: src/android/aidl.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,"
msgstr "Il codice Rust può chiamare i server AIDL esistenti,"
#: src/android/aidl.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust."
msgstr "Puoi creare nuovi server AIDL in Rust."
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "AIDL Interfaces"
msgstr "Interfacce AIDL"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:"
msgstr "Dichiari l'API del tuo servizio utilizzando un'interfaccia AIDL:"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
msgstr ""
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:9 src/android/aidl/changing.md:8
msgid "/** Birthday service interface. */"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:12 src/android/aidl/changing.md:11
msgid "/** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_servizio_compleanno/aidl/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:21
msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\""
msgstr ""
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:25
msgid "// Rust is not enabled by default\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the "
"vendor partition."
msgstr ""
"Aggiungi \"vendor_available: true\" se il tuo file AIDL è utilizzato da un "
"file binario nel fornitore partizione."
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Service Implementation"
msgstr "Implementazione del servizio"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:"
msgstr "Ora possiamo implementare il servizio AIDL:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
msgstr "_servizio_compleanno/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:8
msgid "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
msgstr "Implementazione del servizio"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:19
msgid "\"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:24 src/android/aidl/server.md:28
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_servizio_compleanno/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28 src/android/aidl/server.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"libbirthdayservice\""
msgstr "_servizio_compleanno/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:30 src/android/aidl/server.md:13
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"birthdayservice\""
msgstr "_servizio_compleanno/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:32 src/android/aidl/server.md:36
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:44
msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:33 src/android/aidl/server.md:37
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:45
msgid "\"libbinder_rs\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "AIDL Server"
msgstr "Server AIDL"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:"
msgstr "Infine, possiamo creare un server che espone il servizio:"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
msgstr "_servizio_compleanno/src/server.rs_:"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:8 src/android/aidl/client.md:8
msgid "//! Birthday service.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:14
msgid "/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:23
msgid "\"Failed to register service\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:32 src/android/aidl/server.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"birthday_server\""
msgstr "_servizio_compleanno/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"src/server.rs\""
msgstr "`src/driver.rs`:"
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:40 src/android/aidl/client.md:47
msgid "// To avoid dynamic link error.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:"
msgstr "Ora possiamo creare, inviare e avviare il servizio:"
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m birthday_server\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server\" /data/local/"
"tmp\n"
"adb root\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:"
msgstr "In un altro terminale, controlla che il servizio sia in esecuzione:"
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:"
msgstr "Puoi anche chiamare il servizio con `service call`:"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "AIDL Client"
msgstr "Cliente AIDL"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service."
msgstr "Infine, possiamo creare un client Rust per il nostro nuovo servizio."
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
msgstr "_servizio_compleanno/src/client.rs_:"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:13
msgid "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:19
msgid "/// Call the birthday service.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:29
msgid "\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:31
msgid "\"{msg}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:40 src/android/aidl/client.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"birthday_client\""
msgstr "_servizio_compleanno/src/client.rs_:"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"src/client.rs\""
msgstr "`src/edificio.rs`:"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`."
msgstr "Si noti che il client non dipende da `libbirthdayservice`."
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:"
msgstr "Crea, invia ed esegui il client sul tuo dispositivo:"
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:55
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m birthday_client\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client\" /data/local/"
"tmp\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients "
"specify a list of lines for the birthday card:"
msgstr ""
"Estendiamo l'API con più funzionalità: vogliamo consentire ai client di "
"specificare a elenco delle righe per il biglietto d'auguri:"
#: src/android/logging.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) "
"or `stdout` (on-host):"
msgstr ""
"Dovresti usare la cassa `log` per accedere automaticamente a `logcat` (sul "
"dispositivo) o `stdout` (sull'host):"
#: src/android/logging.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_ciao_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/logging.md:10 src/android/logging.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"hello_rust_logs\""
msgstr "_ciao_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/logging.md:14
msgid "\"liblog_rust\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:15
msgid "\"liblogger\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_ciao_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
#: src/android/logging.md:24
msgid "//! Rust logging demo.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:27
msgid "/// Logs a greeting.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:32
msgid "\"rust\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:35
msgid "\"Starting program.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:36
msgid "\"Things are going fine.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:37
msgid "\"Something went wrong!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:41 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:96
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:72
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:"
msgstr "Crea, invia ed esegui il file binario sul tuo dispositivo:"
#: src/android/logging.md:43
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m hello_rust_logs\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs\" /data/local/"
"tmp\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/logging.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:"
msgstr "I log vengono visualizzati in `adb logcat`:"
#: src/android/interoperability.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This "
"means that you can:"
msgstr ""
"Rust ha un eccellente supporto per l'interoperabilità con altri linguaggi. "
"Questo significa che tu puoi:"
#: src/android/interoperability.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Call Rust functions from other languages."
msgstr "Richiama le funzioni di Rust da altre lingue."
#: src/android/interoperability.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Call functions written in other languages from Rust."
msgstr "Funzioni di chiamata scritte in altri linguaggi da Rust."
#: src/android/interoperability.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a "
"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI."
msgstr ""
"Quando chiami funzioni in una lingua straniera diciamo che stai usando a "
"_interfaccia funzione straniera_, nota anche come FFI."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Interoperability with C"
msgstr "Interoperabilità con C"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention. "
"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C."
msgstr ""
"Rust ha il pieno supporto per il collegamento di file oggetto con una "
"convenzione di chiamata C. Allo stesso modo, puoi esportare le funzioni di "
"Rust e chiamarle da C."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:"
msgstr "Puoi farlo a mano se vuoi:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:16
msgid "\"{x}, {abs_x}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../exercises/day-3/"
"safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
msgstr ""
"Lo abbiamo già visto nel [Safe FFI Wrapper esercizio](../../exercises/day-3/"
"safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for "
"production."
msgstr ""
"Ciò presuppone la piena conoscenza della piattaforma di destinazione. Non "
"consigliato per produzione."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will look at better options next."
msgstr "Vedremo le opzioni migliori in seguito."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Using Bindgen"
msgstr "Utilizzo di Bindgen"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) "
"tool can auto-generate bindings from a C header file."
msgstr ""
"Lo strumento [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction."
"html) può generare automaticamente collegamenti da un file di intestazione C."
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "First create a small C library:"
msgstr "Per prima cosa crea una piccola libreria C:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:22
msgid "<stdio.h>"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:23
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:50
msgid "\"libbirthday.h\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:26
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:29
msgid "\"+--------------\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:27
msgid "\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:28
msgid "\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:"
msgstr "Aggiungi questo al tuo file `Android.bp`:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:39
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:63
msgid "\"libbirthday\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:40
msgid "\"libbirthday.c\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this "
"example):"
msgstr ""
"Crea un file di intestazione wrapper per la libreria (non strettamente "
"necessario in questo esempio):"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:"
msgstr "Ora puoi generare automaticamente le associazioni:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:59
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:75
msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:60
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"birthday_bindgen\""
msgstr "`ruggine_bindgen`"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:61
msgid "\"libbirthday_wrapper.h\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:62
msgid "\"bindings\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:"
msgstr "Infine, possiamo usare i binding nel nostro programma Rust:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:73
msgid "\"print_birthday_card\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:74
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"main.rs\""
msgstr "`principale.rs`:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/bindgen/main.rs_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:82
msgid "//! Bindgen demo.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:89
msgid "// SAFETY: `print_card` is safe to call with a valid `card` pointer.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m print_birthday_card\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card\" /data/local/"
"tmp\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:104
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:"
msgstr ""
"Infine, possiamo eseguire test generati automaticamente per garantire che i "
"binding funzionino:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:112
msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen_test\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:111
msgid "\":libbirthday_bindgen\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:113
msgid "\"general-tests\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:115
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:116
msgid "\"none\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:115
msgid "// Generated file, skip linting\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Calling Rust"
msgstr "Calling Rust"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:"
msgstr "Esportare le funzioni e i tipi di Rust in C è facile:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/ruggine/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:8
msgid "//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:12
msgid "/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:17
msgid "\"x ({x}) is smallest!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:19
msgid "\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/ruggine/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/ruggine/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:41
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:68
msgid "\"libanalyze_ffi\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:42
msgid "\"analyze_ffi\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:43
msgid "\"analyze.rs\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:"
msgstr "Ora possiamo chiamarlo da un binario C:"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/rust/analyze/main.c_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:53
msgid "\"analyze.h\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/ruggine/analisi/Android.bp_"
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:66
msgid "\"analyze_numbers\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:67
msgid "\"main.c\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:74
msgid ""
"```shell\n"
"m analyze_numbers\n"
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers\" /data/local/"
"tmp\n"
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:82
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol "
"will just be the name of the function. You can also use `#[export_name = "
"\"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want."
msgstr ""
"`#[no_mangle]` disabilita la solita alterazione del nome di Rust, quindi il "
"simbolo esportato sarà solo il nome di la funzione. Puoi anche usare "
"`#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` per specificare il nome che desideri."
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe "
"interoperability between Rust and C++."
msgstr ""
"Il [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) rende possibile l'interoperabilità sicura "
"tra Rust e C++."
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "The overall approach looks like this:"
msgstr "L'approccio generale è simile al seguente:"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:3
msgid ""
"CXX relies on a description of the function signatures that will be exposed "
"from each language to the other. You provide this description using extern "
"blocks in a Rust module annotated with the `#[cxx::bridge]` attribute macro."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:9
msgid "\"org::blobstore\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:11
msgid "// Shared structs with fields visible to both languages.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:17
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md:6
msgid "// Rust types and signatures exposed to C++.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:18
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:6
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md:7
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:6
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:9
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:10
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Rust\""
msgstr "Rustdoc"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:24
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:6
msgid "// C++ types and signatures exposed to Rust.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:25
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:7
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:6
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:15
msgid "\"C++\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:26
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:8
msgid "\"include/blobstore.h\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:40
msgid "The bridge is generally declared in an `ffi` module within your crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:41
msgid ""
"From the declarations made in the bridge module, CXX will generate matching "
"Rust and C++ type/function definitions in order to expose those items to "
"both languages."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:44
msgid ""
"To view the generated Rust code, use [cargo-expand](https://github.com/"
"dtolnay/cargo-expand) to view the expanded proc macro. For most of the "
"examples you would use `cargo expand ::ffi` to expand just the `ffi` module "
"(though this doesn't apply for Android projects)."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md:47
msgid "To view the generated C++ code, look in `target/cxxbridge`."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:1
msgid "Rust Bridge Declarations"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:7
msgid "// Opaque type\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:8
msgid "// Method on `MyType`\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "// Free function\n"
msgstr "Funzioni"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:28
msgid ""
"Items declared in the `extern \"Rust\"` reference items that are in scope in "
"the parent module."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md:30
msgid ""
"The CXX code generator uses your `extern \"Rust\"` section(s) to produce a C+"
"+ header file containing the corresponding C++ declarations. The generated "
"header has the same path as the Rust source file containing the bridge, "
"except with a .rs.h file extension."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md:15
msgid "Results in (roughly) the following C++:"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:1
msgid "C++ Bridge Declarations"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:20
msgid "Results in (roughly) the following Rust:"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:30
msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$new_blobstore_client\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:39
msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$BlobstoreClient$put\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:56
msgid ""
"The programmer does not need to promise that the signatures they have typed "
"in are accurate. CXX performs static assertions that the signatures exactly "
"correspond with what is declared in C++."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md:59
msgid ""
"`unsafe extern` blocks allow you to declare C++ functions that are safe to "
"call from Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md:9
msgid "// A=1, J=11, Q=12, K=13\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md:23
msgid "Only C-like (unit) enums are supported."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md:24
msgid ""
"A limited number of traits are supported for `#[derive()]` on shared types. "
"Corresponding functionality is also generated for the C++ code, e.g. if you "
"derive `Hash` also generates an implementation of `std::hash` for the "
"corresponding C++ type."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "Generated Rust:"
msgstr "Unsafe Rust"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md:33
msgid "Generated C++:"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md:46
msgid ""
"On the Rust side, the code generated for shared enums is actually a struct "
"wrapping a numeric value. This is because it is not UB in C++ for an enum "
"class to hold a value different from all of the listed variants, and our "
"Rust representation needs to have the same behavior."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:13
msgid "\"fallible1 requires depth > 0\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:16
msgid "\"Success!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:22
msgid ""
"Rust functions that return `Result` are translated to exceptions on the C++ "
"side."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:24
msgid ""
"The exception thrown will always be of type `rust::Error`, which primarily "
"exposes a way to get the error message string. The error message will come "
"from the error type's `Display` impl."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md:27
msgid ""
"A panic unwinding from Rust to C++ will always cause the process to "
"immediately terminate."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:7
msgid "\"example/include/example.h\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:14
msgid "\"Error: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:22
msgid ""
"C++ functions declared to return a `Result` will catch any thrown exception "
"on the C++ side and return it as an `Err` value to the calling Rust function."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md:24
msgid ""
"If an exception is thrown from an extern \"C++\" function that is not "
"declared by the CXX bridge to return `Result`, the program calls C++'s `std::"
"terminate`. The behavior is equivalent to the same exception being thrown "
"through a `noexcept` C++ function."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust Type"
msgstr "Ruggine con l'esempio"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "C++ Type"
msgstr "Esempio C++"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust::String`"
msgstr "`ruggine_bindgen`"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:6
msgid "`&str`"
msgstr "`&str`"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust::Str`"
msgstr "`test_ruggine`"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`CxxString`"
msgstr "Stringa (String)"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`std::string`"
msgstr "Stringa (String)"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:8
msgid "`&[T]`/`&mut [T]`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust::Slice`"
msgstr "`ruggine_ffi`"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:9
msgid "`rust::Box<T>`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:10
msgid "`UniquePtr<T>`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:10
msgid "`std::unique_ptr<T>`"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Vec<T>`"
msgstr "`Vec`"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "`rust::Vec<T>`"
msgstr "`mpsc::Ricevitore<T>`"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "`CxxVector<T>`"
msgstr "`Cella<T>`"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "`std::vector<T>`"
msgstr "`mpsc::Ricevitore<T>`"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:16
msgid ""
"These types can be used in the fields of shared structs and the arguments "
"and returns of extern functions."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:18
msgid ""
"Note that Rust's `String` does not map directly to `std::string`. There are "
"a few reasons for this:"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:20
msgid ""
"`std::string` does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant that `String` requires."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:21
msgid ""
"The two types have different layouts in memory and so can't be passed "
"directly between languages."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md:23
msgid ""
"`std::string` requires move constructors that don't match Rust's move "
"semantics, so a `std::string` can't be passed by value to Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:1
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:1
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Building in Android"
msgstr "Rust in Android"
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:3
msgid ""
"Create a `cc_library_static` to build the C++ library, including the CXX "
"generated header and source file."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:8
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:10
msgid "\"libcxx_test_cpp\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:9
msgid "\"cxx_test.cpp\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:11
msgid "\"cxx-bridge-header\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:12
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:10
msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_header\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:14
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:19
msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_code\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:20
msgid ""
"Point out that `libcxx_test_bridge_header` and `libcxx_test_bridge_code` are "
"the dependencies for the CXX-generated C++ bindings. We'll show how these "
"are setup on the next slide."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:23
msgid ""
"Note that you also need to depend on the `cxx-bridge-header` library in "
"order to pull in common CXX definitions."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md:25
msgid ""
"Full docs for using CXX in Android can be found in [the Android docs]"
"(https://source.android.com/docs/setup/build/rust/building-rust-modules/"
"android-rust-patterns#rust-cpp-interop-using-cxx). You may want to share "
"that link with the class so that students know where they can find these "
"instructions again in the future."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:3
msgid ""
"Create two genrules: One to generate the CXX header, and one to generate the "
"CXX source file. These are then used as inputs to the `cc_library_static`."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:7
msgid ""
"// Generate a C++ header containing the C++ bindings\n"
"// to the Rust exported functions in lib.rs.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:11
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:20
msgid "\"cxxbridge\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:12
msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) --header > $(out)\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:13
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:22
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:8
msgid "\"lib.rs\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:14
msgid "\"lib.rs.h\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:16
msgid "// Generate the C++ code that Rust calls into.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:21
msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) > $(out)\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:23
msgid "\"lib.rs.cc\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:29
msgid ""
"The `cxxbridge` tool is a standalone tool that generates the C++ side of the "
"bridge module. It is included in Android and available as a Soong tool."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md:31
msgid ""
"By convention, if your Rust source file is `lib.rs` your header file will be "
"named `lib.rs.h` and your source file will be named `lib.rs.cc`. This naming "
"convention isn't enforced, though."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:3
msgid ""
"Create a `rust_binary` that depends on `libcxx` and your `cc_library_static`."
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:7
msgid "\"cxx_test\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md:9
msgid "\"libcxx\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Interoperability with Java"
msgstr "Interoperabilità con Java"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en."
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/"
"jni/) allows you to create a compatible library."
msgstr ""
"Java può caricare oggetti condivisi tramite [Java Native Interface (JNI)]"
"(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). Il [`jni` crate]"
"(https://docs.rs/jni/) consente di creare una libreria compatibile."
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:"
msgstr "Innanzitutto, creiamo una funzione Rust da esportare in Java:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/java/src/lib.rs_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:13
msgid "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:18
msgid "/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:21
msgid "\"system\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:27
msgid "\"Hello, {input}!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:33
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:63
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/java/Android.bp_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:37
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:70
msgid "\"libhello_jni\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:38
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:53
msgid "\"hello_jni\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:40
msgid "\"libjni\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid "We then call this function from Java:"
msgstr "Infine, possiamo chiamare questa funzione da Java:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
msgstr "_interoperabilità/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:67
msgid "\"helloworld_jni\""
msgstr ""
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:68
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"HelloWorld.java\""
msgstr "Hello World!"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:69
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"HelloWorld\""
msgstr "Hello World!"
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:74
#, fuzzy
msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:"
msgstr "Infine, puoi creare, sincronizzare ed eseguire il binario:"
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with "
"and try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:"
msgstr ""
"Questo è un esercizio di gruppo: esamineremo uno dei progetti con cui lavori "
"e prova a integrarci un po' di ruggine. Alcuni suggerimenti:"
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust."
msgstr "Chiama il tuo servizio AIDL con un client scritto in Rust."
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Move a function from your project to Rust and call it."
msgstr "Sposta una funzione dal tuo progetto a Rust e chiamala."
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone "
"in the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly."
msgstr ""
"Nessuna soluzione viene fornita qui poiché questo è a tempo indeterminato: "
"si basa su qualcuno dentro la classe ha un pezzo di codice che puoi "
"consegnare a Rust al volo."
#: src/chromium.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome to Rust in Chromium"
msgstr "Benvenuto a Rust in Android"
#: src/chromium.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust is supported for third-party libraries in Chromium, with first-party "
"glue code to connect between Rust and existing Chromium C++ code."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium.md:6
msgid ""
"Today, we'll call into Rust to do something silly with strings. If you've "
"got a corner of the code where you're displaying a UTF8 string to the user, "
"feel free to follow this recipe in your part of the codebase instead of the "
"exact part we talk about."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/setup.md:3
msgid ""
"Make sure you can build and run Chromium. Any platform and set of build "
"flags is OK, so long as your code is relatively recent (commit position "
"1223636 onwards, corresponding to November 2023):"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/setup.md:13
msgid ""
"(A component, debug build is recommended for quickest iteration time. This "
"is the default!)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/setup.md:16
msgid ""
"See [How to build Chromium](https://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/get-"
"the-code/) if you aren't already at that point. Be warned: setting up to "
"build Chromium takes time."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/setup.md:21
msgid "It's also recommended that you have Visual Studio code installed."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/setup.md:23
msgid "About the exercises"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/setup.md:25
msgid ""
"This part of the course has a series of exercises which build on each other. "
"We'll be doing them spread throughout the course instead of just at the end. "
"If you don't have time to complete a certain part, don't worry: you can "
"catch up in the next slot."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust community typically uses `cargo` and libraries from [crates.io](https://"
"crates.io/). Chromium is built using `gn` and `ninja` and a curated set of "
"dependencies."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:6
msgid "When writing code in Rust, your choices are:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:8
msgid ""
"Use `gn` and `ninja` with the help of the templates from `//build/rust/*."
"gni` (e.g. `rust_static_library` that we'll meet later). This uses "
"Chromium's audited toolchain and crates."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:11
msgid ""
"Use `cargo`, but [restrict yourself to Chromium's audited toolchain and "
"crates](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/"
"docs/rust.md#Using-cargo)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:13
msgid ""
"Use `cargo`, trusting a [toolchain](https://rustup.rs/) and/or [crates "
"downloaded from the internet](https://crates.io/)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:16
msgid ""
"From here on we'll be focusing on `gn` and `ninja`, because this is how Rust "
"code can be built into the Chromium browser. At the same time, Cargo is an "
"important part of the Rust ecosystem and you should keep it in your toolbox."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "Mini exercise"
msgstr "Esercizi"
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:22
msgid "Split into small groups and:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:24
msgid ""
"Brainstorm scenarios where `cargo` may offer an advantage and assess the "
"risk profile of these scenarios."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:26
msgid ""
"Discuss which tools, libraries, and groups of people need to be trusted when "
"using `gn` and `ninja`, offline `cargo`, etc."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:31
msgid ""
"Ask students to avoid peeking at the speaker notes before completing the "
"exercise. Assuming folks taking the course are physically together, ask them "
"to discuss in small groups of 3-4 people."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:35
msgid ""
"Notes/hints related to the first part of the exercise (\"scenarios where "
"Cargo may offer an advantage\"):"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:38
msgid ""
"It's fantastic that when writing a tool, or prototyping a part of Chromium, "
"one has access to the rich ecosystem of crates.io libraries. There is a "
"crate for almost anything and they are usually quite pleasant to use. "
"(`clap` for command-line parsing, `serde` for serializing/deserializing to/"
"from various formats, `itertools` for working with iterators, etc.)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:44
msgid ""
"`cargo` makes it easy to try a library (just add a single line to `Cargo."
"toml` and start writing code)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:46
msgid ""
"It may be worth comparing how CPAN helped make `perl` a popular choice. Or "
"comparing with `python` + `pip`."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:49
msgid ""
"Development experience is made really nice not only by core Rust tools (e.g. "
"using `rustup` to switch to a different `rustc` version when testing a crate "
"that needs to work on nightly, current stable, and older stable) but also by "
"an ecosystem of third-party tools (e.g. Mozilla provides `cargo vet` for "
"streamlining and sharing security audits; `criterion` crate gives a "
"streamlined way to run benchmarks)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:56
msgid ""
"`cargo` makes it easy to add a tool via `cargo install --locked cargo-vet`."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:57
msgid "It may be worth comparing with Chrome Extensions or VScode extensions."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:59
msgid ""
"Broad, generic examples of projects where `cargo` may be the right choice:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:61
msgid ""
"Perhaps surprisingly, Rust is becoming increasingly popular in the industry "
"for writing command line tools. The breadth and ergonomics of libraries is "
"comparable to Python, while being more robust (thanks to the rich "
"typesystem) and running faster (as a compiled, rather than interpreted "
"language)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:66
msgid ""
"Participating in the Rust ecosystem requires using standard Rust tools like "
"Cargo. Libraries that want to get external contributions, and want to be "
"used outside of Chromium (e.g. in Bazel or Android/Soong build environments) "
"should probably use Cargo."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:71
msgid "Examples of Chromium-related projects that are `cargo`\\-based:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:72
msgid ""
"`serde_json_lenient` (experimented with in other parts of Google which "
"resulted in PRs with performance improvements)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:74
msgid "Fontations libraries like `font-types`"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:75
msgid ""
"`gnrt` tool (we will meet it later in the course) which depends on `clap` "
"for command-line parsing and on `toml` for configuration files."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:77
msgid ""
"Disclaimer: a unique reason for using `cargo` was unavailability of `gn` "
"when building and bootstrapping Rust standard library when building Rust "
"toolchain.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:80
msgid ""
"`run_gnrt.py` uses Chromium's copy of `cargo` and `rustc`. `gnrt` depends on "
"third-party libraries downloaded from the internet, by `run_gnrt.py` asks "
"`cargo` that only `--locked` content is allowed via `Cargo.lock`.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:84
msgid ""
"Students may identify the following items as being implicitly or explicitly "
"trusted:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:87
msgid ""
"`rustc` (the Rust compiler) which in turn depends on the LLVM libraries, the "
"Clang compiler, the `rustc` sources (fetched from GitHub, reviewed by Rust "
"compiler team), binary Rust compiler downloaded for bootstrapping"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:90
msgid ""
"`rustup` (it may be worth pointing out that `rustup` is developed under the "
"umbrella of the https://github.com/rust-lang/ organization - same as `rustc`)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:92
msgid "`cargo`, `rustfmt`, etc."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:93
msgid ""
"Various internal infrastructure (bots that build `rustc`, system for "
"distributing the prebuilt toolchain to Chromium engineers, etc.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:95
msgid "Cargo tools like `cargo audit`, `cargo vet`, etc."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:96
msgid ""
"Rust libraries vendored into `//third_party/rust` (audited by "
"security@chromium.org)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/cargo.md:98
msgid "Other Rust libraries (some niche, some quite popular and commonly used)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/policy.md:1
msgid "Chromium Rust policy"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/policy.md:3
msgid ""
"Chromium does not yet allow first-party Rust except in rare cases as "
"approved by Chromium's [Area Tech Leads](https://source.chromium.org/"
"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:ATL_OWNERS)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/policy.md:7
msgid ""
"Chromium's policy on third party libraries is outlined [here](https://"
"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party."
"md#rust) - Rust is allowed for third party libraries under various "
"circumstances, including if they're the best option for performance or for "
"security."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/policy.md:12
msgid ""
"Very few Rust libraries directly expose a C/C++ API, so that means that "
"nearly all such libraries will require a small amount of first-party glue "
"code."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/policy.md:15
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
"\"C++\" Rust\n"
".- - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"-.\n"
": : : :\n"
": Existing Chromium : : Chromium Rust Existing "
"Rust :\n"
": \"C++\" : : \"wrapper\" "
"crate :\n"
": +---------------+ : : +----------------+ +-------------"
"+ :\n"
": | | : : | | | "
"| :\n"
": | o-----+-+-----------+-+-> o-+----------+--> "
"| :\n"
": | | : Language : | | Crate | "
"| :\n"
": +---------------+ : boundary : +----------------+ API +-------------"
"+ :\n"
": : : :\n"
"`- - - - - - - - - -' `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
"-'\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/policy.md:30
msgid ""
"First-party Rust glue code for a particular third-party crate should "
"normally be kept in `third_party/rust/<crate>/<version>/wrapper`."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/policy.md:33
msgid "Because of this, today's course will be heavily focused on:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/policy.md:35
msgid "Bringing in third-party Rust libraries (\"crates\")"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/policy.md:36
msgid "Writing glue code to be able to use those crates from Chromium C++."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/policy.md:38
msgid "If this policy changes over time, the course will evolve to keep up."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build rules"
msgstr "Regole (Rules) di Build"
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust code is usually built using `cargo`. Chromium builds with `gn` and "
"`ninja` for efficiency --- its static rules allow maximum parallelism. Rust "
"is no exception."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:7
msgid "Adding Rust code to Chromium"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:9
msgid ""
"In some existing Chromium `BUILD.gn` file, declare a `rust_static_library`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:11
msgid ""
"```gn\n"
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
"\n"
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:20
msgid ""
"You can also add `deps` on other Rust targets. Later we'll use this to "
"depend upon third party code."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:25
msgid ""
"You must specify _both_ the crate root, _and_ a full list of sources. The "
"`crate_root` is the file given to the Rust compiler representing the root "
"file of the compilation unit --- typically `lib.rs`. `sources` is a complete "
"list of all source files which `ninja` needs in order to determine when "
"rebuilds are necessary."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:31
msgid ""
"(There's no such thing as a Rust `source_set`, because in Rust, an entire "
"crate is a compilation unit. A `static_library` is the smallest unit.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md:34
msgid ""
"Students might be wondering why we need a gn template, rather than using "
"[gn's built-in support for Rust static libraries](https://gn.googlesource."
"com/gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#func_static_library). The answer is that "
"this template provides support for CXX interop, Rust features, and unit "
"tests, some of which we'll use later."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md:1
msgid "Including `unsafe` Rust Code"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md:3
msgid ""
"Unsafe Rust code is forbidden in `rust_static_library` by default --- it "
"won't compile. If you need unsafe Rust code, add `allow_unsafe = true` to "
"the gn target. (Later in the course we'll see circumstances where this is "
"necessary.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md:7
msgid ""
"```gn\n"
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
"\n"
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
" sources = [\n"
" \"lib.rs\",\n"
" \"hippopotamus.rs\"\n"
" ]\n"
" allow_unsafe = true\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md:3
msgid "Simply add the above target to the `deps` of some Chromium C++ target."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md:5
msgid ""
"```gn\n"
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
"\n"
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"# or source_set, static_library etc.\n"
"component(\"preexisting_cpp\") {\n"
" deps = [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:3
msgid ""
"Types are elided in Rust code, which makes a good IDE even more useful than "
"for C++. Visual Studio code works well for Rust in Chromium. To use it,"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:6
msgid ""
"Ensure your VSCode has the `rust-analyzer` extension, not earlier forms of "
"Rust support"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:8
msgid ""
"`gn gen out/Debug --export-rust-project` (or equivalent for your output "
"directory)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:10
msgid "`ln -s out/Debug/rust-project.json rust-project.json`"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:16
msgid ""
"A demo of some of the code annotation and exploration features of rust-"
"analyzer might be beneficial if the audience are naturally skeptical of IDEs."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:19
msgid ""
"The following steps may help with the demo (but feel free to instead use a "
"piece of Chromium-related Rust that you are most familiar with):"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:22
msgid "Open `components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs`"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:23
msgid ""
"Place the cursor over the `QrCode::new` call (around line 26) in "
"\\`qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:25
msgid ""
"Demo **show documentation** (typical bindings: vscode = ctrl k i; vim/CoC = "
"K)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:27
msgid ""
"Demo **go to definition** (typical bindings: vscode = F12; vim/CoC = g d). "
"(This will take you to `//third_party/rust/.../qr_code-.../src/lib.rs`.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:29
msgid ""
"Demo **outline** and navigate to the `QrCode::with_bits` method (around line "
"164; the outline is in the file explorer pane in vscode; typical vim/CoC "
"bindings = space o)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:32
msgid ""
"Demo **type annotations** (there are quote a few nice examples in the "
"`QrCode::with_bits` method)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md:35
msgid ""
"It may be worth pointing out that `gn gen ... --export-rust-project` will "
"need to be rerun after editing `BUILD.gn` files (which we will do a few "
"times throughout the exercises in this session)."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build rules exercise"
msgstr "Regole (Rules) di Build"
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:3
msgid ""
"In your Chromium build, add a new Rust target to `//ui/base/BUILD.gn` "
"containing:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:13
msgid ""
"**Important**: note that `no_mangle` here is considered a type of unsafety "
"by the Rust compiler, so you'll need to to allow unsafe code in your `gn` "
"target."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:16
msgid ""
"Add this new Rust target as a dependency of `//ui/base:base`. Declare this "
"function at the top of `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` (later, we'll "
"see how this can be automated by bindings generation tools):"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:24
msgid ""
"Call this function from somewhere in `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` - "
"we suggest the top of `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString`. Build "
"and run Chromium, and ensure that \"Hello from Rust!\" is printed lots of "
"times."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:28
msgid ""
"If you use VSCode, now set up Rust to work well in VSCode. It will be useful "
"in subsequent exercises. If you've succeeded, you will be able to use right-"
"click \"Go to definition\" on `println!`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:32
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:48
msgid "Where to find help"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:34
msgid ""
"The options available to the [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://"
"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/"
"rust_static_library.gni;l=16)"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:35
msgid ""
"Information about [`#[no_mangle]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/reference/"
"abi.html#the-no_mangle-attribute)"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:36
msgid ""
"Information about [`extern \"C\"`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword."
"extern.html)"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:37
msgid ""
"Information about gn's [`--export-rust-project`](https://gn.googlesource.com/"
"gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#compilation-database) switch"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:38
msgid ""
"[How to install rust-analyzer in VSCode](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/"
"languages/rust)"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:44
msgid ""
"This example is unusual because it boils down to the lowest-common-"
"denominator interop language, C. Both C++ and Rust can natively declare and "
"call C ABI functions. Later in the course, we'll connect C++ directly to "
"Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:48
msgid ""
"`allow_unsafe = true` is required here because `#[no_mangle]` might allow "
"Rust to generate two functions with the same name, and Rust can no longer "
"guarantee that the right one is called."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md:52
msgid ""
"If you need a pure Rust executable, you can also do that using the "
"`rust_executable` gn template."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust community typically authors unit tests in a module placed in the same "
"source file as the code being tested. This was covered [earlier](../testing."
"md) in the course and looks like this:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing.md:17
msgid ""
"In Chromium we place unit tests in a separate source file and we continue to "
"follow this practice for Rust --- this makes tests consistently discoverable "
"and helps to avoid rebuilding `.rs` files a second time (in the `test` "
"configuration)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing.md:22
msgid ""
"This results in the following options for testing Rust code in Chromium:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing.md:24
msgid ""
"Native Rust tests (i.e. `#[test]`). Discouraged outside of `//third_party/"
"rust`."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing.md:26
msgid ""
"`gtest` tests authored in C++ and exercising Rust via FFI calls. Sufficient "
"when Rust code is just a thin FFI layer and the existing unit tests provide "
"sufficient coverage for the feature."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing.md:29
msgid ""
"`gtest` tests authored in Rust and using the crate under test through its "
"public API (using `pub mod for_testing { ... }` if needed). This is the "
"subject of the next few slides."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing.md:35
msgid ""
"Mention that native Rust tests of third-party crates should eventually be "
"exercised by Chromium bots. (Such testing is needed rarely --- only after "
"adding or updating third-party crates.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing.md:39
msgid ""
"Some examples may help illustrate when C++ `gtest` vs Rust `gtest` should be "
"used:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing.md:42
msgid ""
"QR has very little functionality in the first-party Rust layer (it's just a "
"thin FFI glue) and therefore uses the existing C++ unit tests for testing "
"both the C++ and the Rust implementation (parameterizing the tests so they "
"enable or disable Rust using a `ScopedFeatureList`)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing.md:47
msgid ""
"Hypothetical/WIP PNG integration may need to implement memory-safe "
"implementation of pixel transformations that are provided by `libpng` but "
"missing in the `png` crate - e.g. RGBA => BGRA, or gamma correction. Such "
"functionality may benefit from separate tests authored in Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md:3
msgid ""
"The [`rust_gtest_interop`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/"
"main/testing/rust_gtest_interop/README.md) library provides a way to:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md:5
msgid ""
"Use a Rust function as a `gtest` testcase (using the `#[gtest(...)]` "
"attribute)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md:7
msgid ""
"Use `expect_eq!` and similar macros (similar to `assert_eq!` but not "
"panicking and not terminating the test when the assertion fails)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Example:"
msgstr "Esempio"
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md:3
msgid ""
"The simplest way to build Rust `gtest` tests is to add them to an existing "
"test binary that already contains tests authored in C++. For example:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md:6
msgid ""
"```gn\n"
"test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n"
" ...\n"
" sources += [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n"
" deps += [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md:14
msgid ""
"Authoring Rust tests in a separate `static_library` also works, but requires "
"manually declaring the dependency on the support libraries:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md:17
msgid ""
"```gn\n"
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib_unittests\") {\n"
" testonly = true\n"
" is_gtest_unittests = true\n"
" crate_root = \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\"\n"
" sources = [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n"
" deps = [\n"
" \":my_rust_lib\",\n"
" \"//testing/rust_gtest_interop\",\n"
" ]\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n"
" ...\n"
" deps += [ \":my_rust_lib_unittests\" ]\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:3
msgid ""
"After adding `:my_rust_lib` to GN `deps`, we still need to learn how to "
"import and use `my_rust_lib` from `my_rust_lib_unittest.rs`. We haven't "
"provided an explicit `crate_name` for `my_rust_lib` so its crate name is "
"computed based on the full target path and name. Fortunately we can avoid "
"working with such an unwieldy name by using the `chromium::import!` macro "
"from the automatically-imported `chromium` crate:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:12
msgid "\"//ui/base:my_rust_lib\""
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:18
msgid "Under the covers the macro expands to something similar to:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:26
msgid ""
"More information can be found in [the doc comment](https://source.chromium."
"org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/chromium_prelude/"
"chromium_prelude.rs?q=f:chromium_prelude.rs%20pub.use.*%5Cbimport%5Cb;%20-f:"
"third_party&ss=chromium%2Fchromium%2Fsrc) of the `chromium::import` macro."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md:31
msgid ""
"`rust_static_library` supports specifying an explicit name via `crate_name` "
"property, but doing this is discouraged. And it is discouraged because the "
"crate name has to be globally unique. crates.io guarantees uniqueness of its "
"crate names so `cargo_crate` GN targets (generated by the `gnrt` tool "
"covered in a later section) use short crate names."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Testing exercise"
msgstr "Esercizi"
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:3
msgid "Time for another exercise!"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:5
msgid "In your Chromium build:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:7
msgid ""
"Add a testable function next to `hello_from_rust`. Some suggestions: adding "
"two integers received as arguments, computing the nth Fibonacci number, "
"summing integers in a slice, etc."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:10
msgid "Add a separate `..._unittest.rs` file with a test for the new function."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:11
msgid "Add the new tests to `BUILD.gn`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md:12
msgid "Build the tests, run them, and verify that the new test works."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:3
msgid ""
"The Rust community offers multiple options for C++/Rust interop, with new "
"tools being developed all the time. At the moment, Chromium uses a tool "
"called CXX."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:6
msgid ""
"You describe your whole language boundary in an interface definition "
"language (which looks a lot like Rust) and then CXX tools generate "
"declarations for functions and types in both Rust and C++."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for a full example of "
"using this."
msgstr ""
"Vedere il [tutorial CXX](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) per un esempio "
"completo di utilizzo di questo."
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:19
msgid ""
"Talk through the diagram. Explain that behind the scenes, this is doing just "
"the same as you previously did. Point out that automating the process has "
"the following benefits:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:23
msgid ""
"The tool guarantees that the C++ and Rust sides match (e.g. you get compile "
"errors if the `#[cxx::bridge]` doesn't match the actual C++ or Rust "
"definitions, but with out-of-sync manual bindings you'd get Undefined "
"Behavior)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:27
msgid ""
"The tool automates generation of FFI thunks (small, C-ABI-compatible, free "
"functions) for non-C features (e.g. enabling FFI calls into Rust or C++ "
"methods; manual bindings would require authoring such top-level, free "
"functions manually)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:31
msgid "The tool and the library can handle a set of core types - for example:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:32
msgid ""
"`&[T]` can be passed across the FFI boundary, even though it doesn't "
"guarantee any particular ABI or memory layout. With manual bindings `std::"
"span<T>` / `&[T]` have to be manually destructured and rebuilt out of a "
"pointer and length - this is error-prone given that each language represents "
"empty slices slightly differently)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:37
msgid ""
"Smart pointers like `std::unique_ptr<T>`, `std::shared_ptr<T>`, and/or `Box` "
"are natively supported. With manual bindings, one would have to pass C-ABI-"
"compatible raw pointers, which would increase lifetime and memory-safety "
"risks."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:41
msgid ""
"`rust::String` and `CxxString` types understand and maintain differences in "
"string representation across the languages (e.g. `rust::String::lossy` can "
"build a Rust string from non-UTF8 input and `rust::String::c_str` can NUL-"
"terminate a string)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:3
msgid ""
"CXX requires that the whole C++/Rust boundary is declared in `cxx::bridge` "
"modules inside `.rs` source code."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:16
msgid "\"example/include/blobstore.h\""
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:24
msgid "// Definitions of Rust types and functions go here\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:30
msgid "Point out:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:32
msgid ""
"Although this looks like a regular Rust `mod`, the `#[cxx::bridge]` "
"procedural macro does complex things to it. The generated code is quite a "
"bit more sophisticated - though this does still result in a `mod` called "
"`ffi` in your code."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:36
msgid "Native support for C++'s `std::unique_ptr` in Rust"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "Native support for Rust slices in C++"
msgstr "Supporto integrato per i test."
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:38
msgid "Calls from C++ to Rust, and Rust types (in the top part)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:39
msgid "Calls from Rust to C++, and C++ types (in the bottom part)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md:41
msgid ""
"**Common misconception**: It _looks_ like a C++ header is being parsed by "
"Rust, but this is misleading. This header is never interpreted by Rust, but "
"simply `#include`d in the generated C++ code for the benefit of C++ "
"compilers."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:3
msgid ""
"By far the most useful page when using CXX is the [type reference](https://"
"cxx.rs/bindings.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:5
msgid "CXX fundamentally suits cases where:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:7
msgid ""
"Your Rust-C++ interface is sufficiently simple that you can declare all of "
"it."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:8
msgid ""
"You're using only the types natively supported by CXX already, for example "
"`std::unique_ptr`, `std::string`, `&[u8]` etc."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:11
msgid ""
"It has many limitations --- for example lack of support for Rust's `Option` "
"type."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:14
msgid ""
"These limitations constrain us to using Rust in Chromium only for well "
"isolated \"leaf nodes\" rather than for arbitrary Rust-C++ interop. When "
"considering a use-case for Rust in Chromium, a good starting point is to "
"draft the CXX bindings for the language boundary to see if it appears simple "
"enough."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:26
msgid ""
"You should also discuss some of the other sticky points with CXX, for "
"example:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:28
msgid ""
"Its error handling is based around C++ exceptions (given on the next slide)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md:29
msgid "Function pointers are awkward to use."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:3
msgid ""
"CXX's [support for `Result<T,E>`](https://cxx.rs/binding/result.html) relies "
"on C++ exceptions, so we can't use that in Chromium. Alternatives:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:6
msgid "The `T` part of `Result<T, E>` can be:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:7
msgid ""
"Returned via out parameters (e.g. via `&mut T`). This requires that `T` can "
"be passed across the FFI boundary - for example `T` has to be:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:9
msgid "A primitive type (like `u32` or `usize`)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:10
msgid ""
"A type natively supported by `cxx` (like `UniquePtr<T>`) that has a suitable "
"default value to use in a failure case (_unlike_ `Box<T>`)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:12
msgid ""
"Retained on the Rust side, and exposed via reference. This may be needed "
"when `T` is a Rust type, which cannot be passed across the FFI boundary, and "
"cannot be stored in `UniquePtr<T>`."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:16
msgid "The `E` part of `Result<T, E>` can be:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:17
msgid ""
"Returned as a boolean (e.g. `true` representing success, and `false` "
"representing failure)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md:19
msgid ""
"Preserving error details is in theory possible, but so far hasn't been "
"needed in practice."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "CXX Error Handling: QR Example"
msgstr "Gestione degli errori"
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:3
msgid ""
"The QR code generator is [an example](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/"
"chromium/src/+/main:components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue."
"rs;l=13-18;drc=7bf1b75b910ca430501b9c6a74c1d18a0223ecca) where a boolean is "
"used to communicate success vs failure, and where the successful result can "
"be passed across the FFI boundary:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:8
msgid "\"qr_code_generator\""
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:23
msgid ""
"Students may be curious about the semantics of the `out_qr_size` output. "
"This is not the size of the vector, but the size of the QR code (and "
"admittedly it is a bit redundant - this is the square root of the size of "
"the vector)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:27
msgid ""
"It may be worth pointing out the importance of initializing `out_qr_size` "
"before calling into the Rust function. Creation of a Rust reference that "
"points to uninitialized memory results in Undefined Behavior (unlike in C++, "
"when only the act of dereferencing such memory results in UB)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md:32
msgid ""
"If students ask about `Pin`, then explain why CXX needs it for mutable "
"references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can’t be moved around "
"like Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "CXX Error Handling: PNG Example"
msgstr "Gestione degli errori"
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:3
msgid ""
"A prototype of a PNG decoder illustrates what can be done when the "
"successful result cannot be passed across the FFI boundary:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:7
msgid "\"gfx::rust_bindings\""
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:10
msgid ""
"/// This returns an FFI-friendly equivalent of `Result<PngReader<'a>,\n"
" /// ()>`.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:14
msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::ResultOfPngReader` type.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:21
msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::PngReader` type.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:32
msgid ""
"`PngReader` and `ResultOfPngReader` are Rust types --- objects of these "
"types cannot cross the FFI boundary without indirection of a `Box<T>`. We "
"can't have an `out_parameter: &mut PngReader`, because CXX doesn't allow C++ "
"to store Rust objects by value."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md:37
msgid ""
"This example illustrates that even though CXX doesn't support arbitrary "
"generics nor templates, we can still pass them across the FFI boundary by "
"manually specializing / monomorphizing them into a non-generic type. In the "
"example `ResultOfPngReader` is a non-generic type that forwards into "
"appropriate methods of `Result<T, E>` (e.g. into `is_err`, `unwrap`, and/or "
"`as_mut`)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:1
msgid "Using cxx in Chromium"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:3
msgid ""
"In Chromium, we define an independent `#[cxx::bridge] mod` for each leaf-"
"node where we want to use Rust. You'd typically have one for each "
"`rust_static_library`. Just add"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:7
msgid ""
"```gn\n"
"cxx_bindings = [ \"my_rust_file.rs\" ]\n"
" # list of files containing #[cxx::bridge], not all source files\n"
"allow_unsafe = true\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:13
msgid ""
"to your existing `rust_static_library` target alongside `crate_root` and "
"`sources`."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:16
msgid "C++ headers will be generated at a sensible location, so you can just"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:19
msgid "\"ui/base/my_rust_file.rs.h\""
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:22
msgid ""
"You will find some utility functions in `//base` to convert to/from Chromium "
"C++ types to CXX Rust types --- for example [`SpanToRustSlice`](https://"
"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:base/containers/span_rust.h;"
"l=21)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:27
msgid "Students may ask --- why do we still need `allow_unsafe = true`?"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:29
msgid ""
"The broad answer is that no C/C++ code is \"safe\" by the normal Rust "
"standards. Calling back and forth to C/C++ from Rust may do arbitrary things "
"to memory, and compromise the safety of Rust's own data layouts. Presence of "
"_too many_ `unsafe` keywords in C/C++ interop can harm the signal-to-noise "
"ratio of such a keyword, and is [controversial](https://steveklabnik.com/"
"writing/the-cxx-debate), but strictly, bringing any foreign code into a Rust "
"binary can cause unexpected behavior from Rust's perspective."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md:36
msgid ""
"The narrow answer lies in the diagram at the top of [this page](../"
"interoperability-with-cpp.md) --- behind the scenes, CXX generates Rust "
"`unsafe` and `extern \"C\"` functions just like we did manually in the "
"previous section."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Exercise: Interoperability with C++"
msgstr "Interoperabilità con C"
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:3
msgid "Part one"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:5
msgid ""
"In the Rust file you previously created, add a `#[cxx::bridge]` which "
"specifies a single function, to be called from C++, called "
"`hello_from_rust`, taking no parameters and returning no value."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:8
msgid ""
"Modify your previous `hello_from_rust` function to remove `extern \"C\"` and "
"`#[no_mangle]`. This is now just a standard Rust function."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:10
msgid "Modify your `gn` target to build these bindings."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:11
msgid ""
"In your C++ code, remove the forward-declaration of `hello_from_rust`. "
"Instead, include the generated header file."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:13
msgid "Build and run!"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:15
msgid "Part two"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:17
msgid ""
"It's a good idea to play with CXX a little. It helps you think about how "
"flexible Rust in Chromium actually is."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "Some things to try:"
msgstr "Alcune note:"
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:22
msgid "Call back into C++ from Rust. You will need:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:23
msgid ""
"An additional header file which you can `include!` from your `cxx::bridge`. "
"You'll need to declare your C++ function in that new header file."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:25
msgid ""
"An `unsafe` block to call such a function, or alternatively specify the "
"`unsafe` keyword in your `#[cxx::bridge]` [as described here](https://cxx.rs/"
"extern-c++.html#functions-and-member-functions)."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:27
msgid ""
"You may also need to `#include \"third_party/rust/cxx/v1/crate/include/cxx."
"h\"`"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:29
msgid "Pass a C++ string from C++ into Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:30
msgid "Pass a reference to a C++ object into Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:31
msgid ""
"Intentionally get the Rust function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::"
"bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:33
msgid ""
"Intentionally get the C++ function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::"
"bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:35
msgid ""
"Pass a `std::unique_ptr` of some type from C++ into Rust, so that Rust can "
"own some C++ object."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:37
msgid ""
"Create a Rust object and pass it into C++, so that C++ owns it. (Hint: you "
"need a `Box`)."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:39
msgid "Declare some methods on a C++ type. Call them from Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:40
msgid "Declare some methods on a Rust type. Call them from C++."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:42
msgid "Part three"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:44
msgid ""
"Now you understand the strengths and limitations of CXX interop, think of a "
"couple of use-cases for Rust in Chromium where the interface would be "
"sufficiently simple. Sketch how you might define that interface."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:50
msgid "The [`cxx` binding reference](https://cxx.rs/bindings.html)"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:51
msgid ""
"The [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/"
"chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/rust_static_library.gni;l=16)"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:57
msgid "Some of the questions you may encounter:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:59
msgid ""
"I'm seeing a problem initializing a variable of type X with type Y, where X "
"and Y are both function types. This is because your C++ function doesn't "
"quite match the declaration in your `cxx::bridge`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md:62
msgid ""
"I seem to be able to freely convert C++ references into Rust references. "
"Doesn't that risk UB? For CXX's _opaque_ types, no, because they are zero-"
"sized. For CXX trivial types yes, it's _possible_ to cause UB, although "
"CXX's design makes it quite difficult to craft such an example."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:3
msgid ""
"Rust libraries are called \"crates\" and are found at [crates.io](https://"
"crates.io). It's _very easy_ for Rust crates to depend upon one another. So "
"they do!"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "C++ library"
msgstr "Libreria (Library)"
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust crate"
msgstr "Ecosistema di Rust"
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Build system"
msgstr "Ecosistema di Rust"
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:8
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:10
msgid "Lots"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "Consistent: `Cargo.toml`"
msgstr "Puoi usare il seguente `Cargo.toml`:"
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:9
msgid "Typical library size"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:9
msgid "Large-ish"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:9
msgid "Small"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:10
msgid "Transitive dependencies"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:10
msgid "Few"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:12
msgid "For a Chromium engineer, this has pros and cons:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:14
msgid ""
"All crates use a common build system so we can automate their inclusion into "
"Chromium..."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:16
msgid ""
"... but, crates typically have transitive dependencies, so you will likely "
"have to bring in multiple libraries."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:19
msgid "We'll discuss:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:21
msgid "How to put a crate in the Chromium source code tree"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:22
msgid "How to make `gn` build rules for it"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md:23
msgid "How to audit its source code for sufficient safety."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md:1
msgid "Configuring the `Cargo.toml` file to add crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md:3
msgid ""
"Chromium has a single set of centrally-managed direct crate dependencies. "
"These are managed through a single [`Cargo.toml`](https://source.chromium."
"org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/Cargo."
"toml):"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md:6
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"bitflags = \"1\"\n"
"cfg-if = \"1\"\n"
"cxx = \"1\"\n"
"# lots more...\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md:14
msgid ""
"As with any other `Cargo.toml`, you can specify [more details about the "
"dependencies](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/specifying-"
"dependencies.html) --- most commonly, you'll want to specify the `features` "
"that you wish to enable in the crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md:18
msgid ""
"When adding a crate to Chromium, you'll often need to provide some extra "
"information in an additional file, `gnrt_config.toml`, which we'll meet next."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:3
msgid ""
"Alongside `Cargo.toml` is [`gnrt_config.toml`](https://source.chromium.org/"
"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/gnrt_config."
"toml). This contains Chromium-specific extensions to crate handling."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:6
msgid ""
"If you add a new crate, you should specify at least the `group`. This is one "
"of:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:15
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:15
msgid "For instance,"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:22
msgid ""
"Depending on the crate source code layout, you may also need to use this "
"file to specify where its `LICENSE` file(s) can be found."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md:25
msgid ""
"Later, we'll see some other things you will need to configure in this file "
"to resolve problems."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:3
msgid ""
"A tool called `gnrt` knows how to download crates and how to generate `BUILD."
"gn` rules."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:6
msgid "To start, download the crate you want like this:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:13
msgid ""
"Although the `gnrt` tool is part of the Chromium source code, by running "
"this command you will be downloading and running its dependencies from "
"`crates.io`. See [the earlier section](../cargo.md) discussing this security "
"decision."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:17
msgid "This `vendor` command may download:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "Your crate"
msgstr "Crates utili"
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:20
msgid "Direct and transitive dependencies"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:21
msgid ""
"New versions of other crates, as required by `cargo` to resolve the complete "
"set of crates required by Chromium."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md:24
msgid ""
"Chromium maintains patches for some crates, kept in `//third_party/rust/"
"chromium_crates_io/patches`. These will be reapplied automatically, but if "
"patching fails you may need to take manual action."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:3
msgid ""
"Once you've downloaded the crate, generate the `BUILD.gn` files like this:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:9
msgid "Now run `git status`. You should find:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:11
msgid ""
"At least one new crate source code in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/"
"vendor`"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:13
msgid ""
"At least one new `BUILD.gn` in `third_party/rust/<crate name>/v<major semver "
"version>`"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:15
msgid "An appropriate `README.chromium`"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The \"major semver version\" is a [Rust \"semver\" version number](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/semver.html)."
msgstr ""
"Vedere il [riferimento Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
"html)."
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:19
msgid ""
"Take a close look, especially at the things generated in `third_party/rust`."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md:23
msgid ""
"Talk a little about semver --- and specifically the way that in Chromium "
"it's to allow multiple incompatible versions of a crate, which is "
"discouraged but sometimes necessary in the Cargo ecosystem."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:3
msgid ""
"If your build fails, it may be because of a `build.rs`: programs which do "
"arbitrary things at build time. This is fundamentally at odds with the "
"design of `gn` and `ninja` which aim for static, deterministic, build rules "
"to maximize parallelism and repeatability of builds."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:8
msgid ""
"Some `build.rs` actions are automatically supported; others require action:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:10
msgid "build script effect"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:10
msgid "Supported by our gn templates"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:10
msgid "Work required by you"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:12
msgid "Checking rustc version to configure features on and off"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:12
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:13
msgid "None"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:13
msgid "Checking platform or CPU to configure features on and off"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Generating code"
msgstr "Generics"
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:14
msgid "Yes - specify in `gnrt_config.toml`"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:15
msgid "Building C/C++"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:15
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:16
msgid "Patch around it"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:16
msgid "Arbitrary other actions"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md:18
msgid ""
"Fortunately, most crates don't contain a build script, and fortunately, most "
"build scripts only do the top two actions."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md:3
msgid ""
"If `ninja` complains about missing files, check the `build.rs` to see if it "
"writes source code files."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md:6
msgid ""
"If so, modify [`gnrt_config.toml`](../configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md) to "
"add `build-script-outputs` to the crate. If this is a transitive dependency, "
"that is, one on which Chromium code should not directly depend, also add "
"`allow-first-party-usage=false`. There are several examples already in that "
"file:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md:11
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[crate.unicode-linebreak]\n"
"allow-first-party-usage = false\n"
"build-script-outputs = [\"tables.rs\"]\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md:17
msgid ""
"Now rerun [`gnrt.py -- gen`](../generating-gn-build-rules.md) to regenerate "
"`BUILD.gn` files to inform ninja that this particular output file is input "
"to subsequent build steps."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:3
msgid ""
"Some crates use the [`cc`](https://crates.io/crates/cc) crate to build and "
"link C/C++ libraries. Other crates parse C/C++ using [`bindgen`](https://"
"crates.io/crates/bindgen) within their build scripts. These actions can't be "
"supported in a Chromium context --- our gn, ninja and LLVM build system is "
"very specific in expressing relationships between build actions."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:8
msgid "So, your options are:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:10
msgid "Avoid these crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:11
msgid "Apply a patch to the crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md:13
msgid ""
"Patches should be kept in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/patches/"
"<crate>` - see for example the [patches against the `cxx` crate](https://"
"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/"
"chromium_crates_io/patches/cxx/) - and will be applied automatically by "
"`gnrt` each time it upgrades the crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:3
msgid ""
"Once you've added a third-party crate and generated build rules, depending "
"on a crate is simple. Find your `rust_static_library` target, and add a "
"`dep` on the `:lib` target within your crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Specifically,"
msgstr "specifico del sistema operativo"
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:9
msgid ""
"```bob\n"
" +------------+ +----------------------+\n"
"\"//third_party/rust\" | crate name | \"/v\" | major semver version | \":"
"lib\"\n"
" +------------+ +----------------------+\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md:17
msgid ""
"```gn\n"
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
" deps = [ \"//third_party/rust/example_rust_crate/v1:lib\" ]\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:1
msgid "Auditing Third Party Crates"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:3
msgid ""
"Adding new libraries is subject to Chromium's standard [policies](https://"
"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/docs/rust."
"md#Third_party-review), but of course also subject to security review. As "
"you may be bringing in not just a single crate but also transitive "
"dependencies, there may be a lot of code to review. On the other hand, safe "
"Rust code can have limited negative side effects. How should you review it?"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:9
msgid ""
"Over time Chromium aims to move to a process based around [cargo vet]"
"(https://mozilla.github.io/cargo-vet/)."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:11
msgid ""
"Meanwhile, for each new crate addition, we are checking for the following:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:13
msgid ""
"Understand why each crate is used. What's the relationship between crates? "
"If the build system for each crate contains a `build.rs` or procedural "
"macros, work out what they're for. Are they compatible with the way Chromium "
"is normally built?"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:17
msgid "Check each crate seems to be reasonably well maintained"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:18
msgid ""
"Use `cd third-party/rust/chromium_crates_io; cargo audit` to check for known "
"vulnerabilities (first you'll need to `cargo install cargo-audit`, which "
"ironically involves downloading lots of dependencies from the internet[2](../"
"cargo.md))"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:21
msgid ""
"Ensure any `unsafe` code is good enough for the [Rule of Two](https://"
"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/security/rule-of-2."
"md#unsafe-code-in-safe-languages)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:22
msgid "Check for any use of `fs` or `net` APIs"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:23
msgid ""
"Read all the code at a sufficient level to look for anything out of place "
"that might have been maliciously inserted. (You can't realistically aim for "
"100% perfection here: there's often just too much code.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md:27
msgid ""
"These are just guidelines --- work with reviewers from `security@chromium."
"org` to work out the right way to become confident of the crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:1
msgid "Checking Crates into Chromium Source Code"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:3
msgid "`git status` should reveal:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:5
msgid "Crate code in `//third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io`"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:6
msgid ""
"Metadata (`BUILD.gn` and `README.chromium`) in `//third_party/rust/<crate>/"
"<version>`"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:9
msgid "Please also add an `OWNERS` file in the latter location."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:11
msgid ""
"You should land all this, along with your `Cargo.toml` and `gnrt_config."
"toml` changes, into the Chromium repo."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:14
msgid ""
"**Important**: you need to use `git add -f` because otherwise `.gitignore` "
"files may result in some files being skipped."
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md:17
msgid ""
"As you do so, you might find presubmit checks fail because of non-inclusive "
"language. This is because Rust crate data tends to include names of git "
"branches, and many projects still use non-inclusive terminology there. So "
"you may need to run:"
msgstr ""
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md:3
msgid ""
"As the OWNER of any third party Chromium dependency, you are [expected to "
"keep it up to date with any security fixes](https://chromium.googlesource."
"com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party.md#add-owners). It is "
"hoped that we will soon automate this for Rust crates, but for now, it's "
"still your responsibility just as it is for any other third party dependency."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:3
msgid ""
"Add [uwuify](https://crates.io/crates/uwuify) to Chromium, turning off the "
"crate's [default features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/"
"features.html#the-default-feature). Assume that the crate will be used in "
"shipping Chromium, but won't be used to handle untrustworthy input."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:7
msgid ""
"(In the next exercise we'll use uwuify from Chromium, but feel free to skip "
"ahead and do that now if you like. Or, you could create a new "
"[`rust_executable` target](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/"
"+/main:build/rust/rust_executable.gni) which uses `uwuify`)."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:13
msgid "Students will need to download lots of transitive dependencies."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:15
msgid "The total crates needed are:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "`instant`,"
msgstr "Costante"
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:18
msgid "`lock_api`,"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:19
msgid "`parking_lot`,"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:20
msgid "`parking_lot_core`,"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:21
msgid "`redox_syscall`,"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:22
msgid "`scopeguard`,"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:23
msgid "`smallvec`, and"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:24
msgid "`uwuify`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:26
msgid ""
"If students are downloading even more than that, they probably forgot to "
"turn off the default features."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md:29
msgid ""
"Thanks to [Daniel Liu](https://github.com/Daniel-Liu-c0deb0t) for this crate!"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:1
msgid "Bringing It Together --- Exercise"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:3
msgid ""
"In this exercise, you're going to add a whole new Chromium feature, bringing "
"together everything you already learned."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:6
msgid "The Brief from Product Management"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:8
msgid ""
"A community of pixies has been discovered living in a remote rainforest. "
"It's important that we get Chromium for Pixies delivered to them as soon as "
"possible."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:11
msgid ""
"The requirement is to translate all Chromium's UI strings into Pixie "
"language."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:13
msgid ""
"There's not time to wait for proper translations, but fortunately pixie "
"language is very close to English, and it turns out there's a Rust crate "
"which does the translation."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:17
msgid ""
"In fact, you already [imported that crate in the previous exercise](https://"
"crates.io/crates/uwuify)."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:19
msgid ""
"(Obviously, real translations of Chrome require incredible care and "
"diligence. Don't ship this!)"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:22
msgid "Steps"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:24
msgid ""
"Modify `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` so that it uwuifies all "
"strings before display. In this special build of Chromium, it should always "
"do this irrespective of the setting of `mangle_localized_strings_`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:28
msgid ""
"If you've done everything right across all these exercises, congratulations, "
"you should have created Chrome for pixies!"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:36
msgid ""
"UTF16 vs UTF8. Students should be aware that Rust strings are always UTF8, "
"and will probably decide that it's better to do the conversion on the C++ "
"side using `base::UTF16ToUTF8` and back again."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:39
msgid ""
"If students decide to do the conversion on the Rust side, they'll need to "
"consider [`String::from_utf16`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct."
"String.html#method.from_utf16), consider error handling, and consider which "
"[CXX supported types can transfer a lot of u16s](https://cxx.rs/binding/"
"slice.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:42
msgid ""
"Students may design the C++/Rust boundary in several different ways, e.g. "
"taking and returning strings by value, or taking a mutable reference to a "
"string. If a mutable reference is used, CXX will likely tell the student "
"that they need to use [`Pin`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/pin/). You may "
"need to explain what `Pin` does, and then explain why CXX needs it for "
"mutable references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can't be moved "
"around like Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:49
msgid ""
"The C++ target containing `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` will "
"need to depend on a `rust_static_library` target. The student probably "
"already did this."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md:52
msgid ""
"The `rust_static_library` target will need to depend on `//third_party/rust/"
"uwuify/v0_2:lib`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md:3
msgid ""
"Solutions to the Chromium exercises can be found in [this series of CLs]"
"(https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5096560)."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust"
msgstr "Benvenuto in Bare Metal Rust"
#: src/bare-metal.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people "
"who are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the "
"Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some experience with bare-"
"metal programming in some other language such as C."
msgstr ""
"Questo è un corso autonomo di un giorno sul bare metal Rust, rivolto a "
"persone che hanno familiarità con il nozioni di base di Rust (forse "
"completando il corso completo di Rust), e idealmente anche averne alcune "
"esperienza con la programmazione bare metal in qualche altro linguaggio come "
"C."
#: src/bare-metal.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS "
"underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:"
msgstr ""
"Oggi parleremo di Rust 'bare-metal': eseguire il codice Rust senza un "
"sistema operativo sotto di noi. Questo sarà essere suddiviso in più parti:"
#: src/bare-metal.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?"
msgstr "Cos'è \"no_std\" Rust?"
#: src/bare-metal.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers."
msgstr "Scrittura firmware per microcontrollori."
#: src/bare-metal.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors."
msgstr ""
"Scrittura del codice bootloader/kernel per i processori delle applicazioni."
#: src/bare-metal.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development."
msgstr "Alcune casse utili per lo sviluppo di ruggine a metallo nudo."
#: src/bare-metal.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]"
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://"
"tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic nRF51822 microcontroller "
"with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and "
"an on-board SWD debugger."
msgstr ""
"Per la parte del corso sui microcontrollori utilizzeremo la [BBC micro:bit]"
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 come esempio. È una [scheda di sviluppo](https://"
"tech.microbit.org/hardware/) basata sul Nordic microcontrollore nRF51822 con "
"alcuni LED e pulsanti, un accelerometro e una bussola collegati a I2C e un "
"debugger SWD integrato."
#: src/bare-metal.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:"
msgstr ""
"Per iniziare, installa alcuni strumenti che ci serviranno in seguito. Su "
"gLinux o Debian:"
#: src/bare-metal.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:"
msgstr ""
"E dai agli utenti del gruppo `plugdev` l'accesso al programmatore micro:bit:"
#: src/bare-metal.md:44 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "On MacOS:"
msgstr "Su macOS:"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`core`"
msgstr "`nucleo`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "`std`"
msgstr "`std`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`"
msgstr "Fette, `&str`, `CStr`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "`NonZeroU8`..."
msgstr "`NonZeroU8`..."
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Option`, `Result`"
msgstr "`Opzione`, `Risultato`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..."
msgstr "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..."
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..."
msgstr "`panico!`, `assert_eq!`..."
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions"
msgstr "`NonNull` e tutte le solite funzioni relative ai puntatori"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`"
msgstr "`Future` e `async`/`await`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..."
msgstr "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..."
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Duration`"
msgstr "`Durata`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`"
msgstr "`Scatola`, `Mucca`, `Arco`, `Rc`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`"
msgstr "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`"
msgstr "`Stringa`, `CStringa`, `formato!`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Error`"
msgstr "`Errore`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`"
msgstr "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`"
msgstr "`File` e il resto di `fs`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`"
msgstr "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` e il resto di `io`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Path`, `OsString`"
msgstr "`Percorso`, `OsString`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid "`net`"
msgstr "`rete`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`"
msgstr "`Comando`, `Figlio`, `CodiceUscita`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`"
msgstr "`spawn`, `sleep` e il resto di `thread`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:54
#, fuzzy
msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`"
msgstr "`SystemTime`, `Instant`"
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG."
msgstr "`HashMap` dipende da RNG."
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:63
#, fuzzy
msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`."
msgstr "`std` riesporta il contenuto sia di `core` che di `alloc`."
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "A minimal `no_std` program"
msgstr "Un programma `no_std` minimo"
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:19
msgid "This will compile to an empty binary."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:20
msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:21
msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:22
msgid ""
"Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to "
"avoid an error about `eh_personality`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:24
msgid ""
"Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to "
"define your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and "
"some assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc."
"rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
msgstr ""
"Per usare `alloc` devi implementare a [allocatore globale (heap)](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:23
msgid ""
"// Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called once.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:25
msgid "// Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:29
msgid "// Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"A string\""
msgstr "Stringa (String)"
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:37
msgid ""
"`buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy "
"system allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or "
"hook into your existing allocator."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:40
msgid ""
"The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. "
"in this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:42
msgid ""
"If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have "
"exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in "
"the top-level binary crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:45
msgid ""
"`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` "
"crate is linked in so we get its panic handler."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:47
msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for "
"Cortex M microcontrollers."
msgstr ""
"Il crate `cortex_m_rt` fornisce (tra le altre cose) un gestore di reset per "
"i microcontrollori Cortex M."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of "
"abstraction."
msgstr ""
"Successivamente vedremo come accedere alle periferiche, con livelli "
"crescenti di astrazione."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -"
"> !`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense."
msgstr ""
"La macro `cortex_m_rt::entry` richiede che la funzione abbia il tipo `fn() -"
"> !`, perché restituisce al gestore di ripristino non ha senso."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
msgstr "Esegui l'esempio con `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try "
"turning on an LED on our micro:bit:"
msgstr ""
"La maggior parte dei microcontrollori accede alle periferiche tramite IO "
"mappato in memoria. Proviamo ad accendere un LED sul nostro micro:bit:"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:16
msgid "/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:19
msgid "// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:24
msgid "// PIN_CNF fields\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:34
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:21
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:26
msgid "// Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:37
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:59
msgid ""
"// Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n"
" // no aliases exist.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:56
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:39
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:30
msgid "// Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:72
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 "
"to the first row."
msgstr ""
"Il pin 21 di GPIO 0 è collegato alla prima colonna della matrice LED e il "
"pin 28 alla prima riga."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:75
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:44
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "Run the example with:"
msgstr "Esegui l'esempio con:"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Peripheral Access Crates"
msgstr "Casse di accesso periferico"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust "
"wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/"
"pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files."
msgstr ""
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) genera wrapper Rust per lo "
"più sicuri per periferiche mappate in memoria da [CMSIS-SVD](https://www."
"keil.com/pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) File."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by "
"silicon vendors which describe the memory map of the device."
msgstr ""
"I file SVD (System View Description) sono file XML generalmente forniti da "
"fornitori di silicio che descrivere la mappa di memoria del dispositivo."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, "
"descriptions, addresses and so on."
msgstr ""
"Sono organizzati per periferica, registro, campo e valore, con nomi, "
"descrizioni, indirizzi e così via."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects "
"which patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated "
"crates."
msgstr ""
"I file SVD sono spesso difettosi e incompleti, quindi ci sono vari progetti "
"che correggono il file errori, aggiungere i dettagli mancanti e pubblicare "
"le casse generate."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:56
#, fuzzy
msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things."
msgstr "`cortex-m-rt` fornisce la tabella dei vettori, tra le altre cose."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:57
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin "
"pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary."
msgstr ""
"Se `cargo installi cargo-binutils` allora puoi eseguire `cargo objdump --bin "
"pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` per vedere il binario risultante."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "HAL crates"
msgstr "casse HAL"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
"implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around "
"various peripherals. These generally implement traits from [`embedded-hal`]"
"(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
msgstr ""
"[Casse HAL](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
"implementation-crates) per molti microcontrollori forniscono wrapper attorno "
"a varie periferiche. Questi generalmente implementano i tratti da [`embedded-"
"hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:23
msgid "// Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait."
msgstr ""
"`set_low` e `set_high` sono metodi sul tratto `embedded_hal` `OutputPin`."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various "
"STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers."
msgstr ""
"Esistono casse HAL per molti dispositivi Cortex-M e RISC-V, inclusi vari "
"STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, Microcontrollori MSP430, AVR e PIC."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Board support crates"
msgstr "Casse di supporto della scheda"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific "
"board for convenience."
msgstr ""
"Le casse di supporto della tavola forniscono un ulteriore livello di "
"avvolgimento per una tavola specifica per comodità."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, "
"and a bit of initialisation."
msgstr ""
"In questo caso la cassa di supporto della scheda fornisce solo nomi più "
"utili e un po' di inizializzazione."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the "
"microcontroller itself."
msgstr ""
"Il crate può anche includere driver per alcuni dispositivi integrati al di "
"fuori del microcontrollore si."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix."
msgstr "`microbit-v2` include un semplice driver per la matrice LED."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "The type state pattern"
msgstr "Il modello di stato del tipo"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:11
msgid "// let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:19
msgid "// pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can "
"exist. Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it."
msgstr ""
"I pin non implementano `Copy` o `Clone`, quindi può esistere solo un'istanza "
"di ciascuno. Una volta che uno spillo è spostato fuori dalla struttura "
"portuale nessun altro può prenderlo."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you "
"can’t keep use the old instance afterwards."
msgstr ""
"La modifica della configurazione di un pin consuma la vecchia istanza del "
"pin, quindi non puoi continuare a utilizzare il vecchio esempio dopo."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, "
"the configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into "
"the type system, and ensures that you don't try to use a pin in a certain "
"way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state transitions are "
"caught at compile time."
msgstr ""
"Il tipo di un valore indica lo stato in cui si trova: ad es. in questo caso, "
"lo stato di configurazione di un pin GPIO. Questo codifica la macchina a "
"stati nel sistema di tipi e garantisce che non lo fai provare a utilizzare "
"un pin in un certo modo senza prima configurarlo correttamente. Stato "
"illegale le transizioni vengono rilevate in fase di compilazione."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but "
"not vice-versa."
msgstr ""
"Puoi chiamare `is_high` su un pin di input e `set_high` su un pin di output, "
"ma non viceversa."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern."
msgstr "Molte casse HAL seguono questo schema."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a "
"number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals."
msgstr ""
"Il crate [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) fornisce "
"una serie di caratteristiche che copre le comuni periferiche del "
"microcontrollore."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "GPIO"
msgstr "GPIO \\*ADC"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "ADC"
msgstr "I2C, SPI, UART, PUÒ"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN"
msgstr "RNG"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "RNG"
msgstr "Timer"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "Timers"
msgstr "Cani da guardia"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:11
msgid "Watchdogs"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/"
"awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an "
"accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation."
msgstr ""
"Altre casse quindi implementano [driver](https://github.com/rust-embedded/"
"awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in termini di questi tratti, ad es. un "
"driver dell'accelerometro potrebbe richiedere un'implementazione del bus I2C "
"o SPI."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other "
"platforms such as Linux on Raspberry Pi."
msgstr ""
"Ci sono implementazioni per molti microcontrollori, così come altre "
"piattaforme come Linux su Lampone Pi."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it "
"isn't stable yet."
msgstr ""
"C'è lavoro in corso su una versione `async` di `embedded-hal`, ma non è "
"ancora stabile."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, "
"like OpenOCD but better integrated."
msgstr ""
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) è un utile set di strumenti per il debug "
"integrato, come OpenOCD ma migliore integrato."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"SWD (Serial Wire Debug) and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes"
msgstr " e JTAG tramite sonde CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link e J-Link"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:7
msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft DAP (Debug Adapter Protocol) server"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:8
msgid "Cargo integration"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log RTT "
"(Real Time Transfers) output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed."
"toml` file in your project directory."
msgstr ""
" emette e collega GDB. È configurato da un \"Embed.toml\" nella directory "
"del progetto."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is "
"an Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the "
"CoreSight Debug Access Port of various Arm Cortex processors. It's what the "
"on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses."
msgstr ""
"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) è "
"uno standard Arm protocollo su USB per un debugger in-circuit per accedere "
"alla porta di accesso di debug CoreSight di vari Processori Arm Cortex. È "
"ciò che utilizza il debugger integrato sul micro: bit della BBC."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link "
"is a range from SEGGER."
msgstr ""
"ST-Link è una gamma di debugger in-circuit di ST Microelectronics, J-Link è "
"una gamma di SEGGER."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin "
"Serial Wire Debug."
msgstr ""
"La porta di accesso al debug è in genere un'interfaccia JTAG a 5 pin o un "
"cavo di debug seriale a 2 pin."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you "
"want to."
msgstr ""
"probe-rs è una libreria che puoi integrare nei tuoi strumenti se lo desideri."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-"
"adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any "
"supported microcontroller."
msgstr ""
"Il [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-"
"adapter-protocol/) consente VSCode e altri IDE eseguono il debug del codice "
"in esecuzione su qualsiasi microcontrollore supportato."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library."
msgstr "cargo-embed è un binario creato utilizzando la libreria probe-rs."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug "
"host and the target through a number of ringbuffers."
msgstr ""
"RTT (Real Time Transfers) è un meccanismo per trasferire i dati tra l'host "
"di debug e il target attraverso una serie di ringbuffer."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "_Embed.toml_:"
msgstr "Incorpora.toml:"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
msgstr "In un terminale sotto `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:"
msgstr "In un altro terminale nella stessa directory:"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:25
msgid "On gLinux or Debian:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid "In GDB, try running:"
msgstr "In GDB, prova a eseguire:"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Other projects"
msgstr "Altri progetti"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)"
msgstr "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:4
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\""
msgstr "\"Concorrenza basata su interrupt in tempo reale\""
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue"
msgstr ""
"Gestione delle risorse condivise, passaggio di messaggi, pianificazione "
"delle attività, coda del timer"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)"
msgstr "[Ambasciata](https://embassy.dev/)"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB"
msgstr "Esecutori `async` con priorità, timer, networking, USB"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)"
msgstr "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit "
"support"
msgstr ""
"RTOS incentrato sulla sicurezza con pianificazione preventiva e supporto "
"dell'unità di protezione della memoria"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)"
msgstr "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, "
"unprivileged drivers, IPC"
msgstr ""
"Microkernel RTOS di Oxide Computer Company con protezione della memoria, "
"driver non privilegiati, IPC"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)"
msgstr "[Binding per FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)"
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs."
"github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
msgstr ""
"Alcune piattaforme hanno implementazioni `std`, ad es. [esp-idf](https://esp-"
"rs.github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework."
msgstr "RTIC può essere considerato un RTOS o un framework di concorrenza."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "It doesn't include any HALs."
msgstr "Non include nessun HAL."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for "
"scheduling rather than a proper kernel."
msgstr ""
"Utilizza Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) per la "
"pianificazione piuttosto che un kernel corretto."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "Cortex-M only."
msgstr "Solo Cortex-M."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys."
msgstr ""
"Google utilizza TockOS sul microcontrollore Haven per le chiavi di sicurezza "
"Titan."
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing "
"applications."
msgstr ""
"FreeRTOS è principalmente scritto in C, ma ci sono collegamenti Rust per la "
"scrittura di applicazioni."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
"serial port."
msgstr ""
"Leggeremo la direzione da una bussola I2C e registreremo le letture su una "
"porta seriale."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:8
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-"
"morning.md) provided."
msgstr ""
"Dopo aver esaminato l'esercizio, puoi esaminare la \\[soluzione\\] fornita."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
"serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or "
"use the buttons somehow."
msgstr ""
"Leggeremo la direzione da una bussola I2C e registreremo le letture su una "
"porta seriale. Se hai tempo, prova a visualizzarlo in qualche modo anche sui "
"LED o usa i pulsanti in qualche modo."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Hints:"
msgstr "Suggerimenti:"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/"
"latest/lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/"
"microbit/) crates, as well as the [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit."
"org/hardware/)."
msgstr ""
"Controlla la documentazione per [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/"
"latest/lsm303agr/) e [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/"
"microbit/) e le [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/)."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus."
msgstr "L'unità di misura inerziale LSM303AGR è collegata al bus I2C interno."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM."
msgstr ""
"TWI è un altro nome per I2C, quindi la periferica master I2C si chiama TWIM."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::"
"blocking::i2c::WriteRead` trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/"
"microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this."
msgstr ""
"Il driver LSM303AGR necessita di qualcosa che implementi `embedded_hal::"
"blocking::i2c::WriteRead` tratto. IL [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/"
"microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struttura implementa "
"questo."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/"
"struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals."
msgstr ""
"Hai un [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/"
"struct.Board.html) struct con campi per i vari pin e periferiche."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi."
"com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for "
"this exercise."
msgstr ""
"Puoi anche guardare il [scheda tecnica nRF52833](https://infocenter."
"nordicsemi.com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) se vuoi, ma non dovrebbe essere "
"necessario per questo esercizio."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
"look in the `compass` directory for the following files."
msgstr ""
"Scarica il [modello di esercizio](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) e "
"guarda nella `bussola` directory per i seguenti file."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:29 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "_src/main.rs_:"
msgstr "`src/principale.rs`:"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:47
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:34
msgid "// Configure serial port.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:55
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:42
msgid "// Use the system timer as a delay provider.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:58
msgid ""
"// Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
" // TODO\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:61
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:71
msgid "\"Ready.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64
msgid ""
"// Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
" // TODO\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:70 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:387
#, fuzzy
msgid "_Cargo.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`Cargo.toml` (non dovrebbe essere necessario modificarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:92
#, fuzzy
msgid "_Embed.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`Embed.toml` (non dovrebbe essere necessario modificarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:108 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:988
#, fuzzy
msgid "_.cargo/config.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`.cargo/config.toml` (non dovresti aver bisogno di cambiarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:121
#, fuzzy
msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:"
msgstr "Guarda l'output seriale su Linux con:"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:129
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):"
msgstr ""
"O su Mac OS qualcosa di simile (il nome del dispositivo potrebbe essere "
"leggermente diverso):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:137
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom."
msgstr "Usa Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q per uscire da picocom."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise"
msgstr "Esercizio mattutino ruggine metallo nudo"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](compass.md))"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:45
msgid "// Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:46
msgid "\"Setting up IMU...\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:64
msgid "// Set up display and timer.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:74
msgid "// Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:82
msgid "\"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:120
msgid ""
"// If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink all "
"LEDs\n"
" // on.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Application processors"
msgstr "Processori di applicazioni"
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. "
"Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work "
"with QEMU's aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/"
"virt.html) board."
msgstr ""
"Finora abbiamo parlato di microcontrollori, come la serie Arm Cortex-M. Ora "
"proviamo a scrivere qualcosa per Cortex-A. Per semplicità lavoreremo solo "
"con aarch64 di QEMU ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/"
"virt.html) scheda."
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of "
"privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application "
"processors do."
msgstr ""
"In generale, i microcontrollori non hanno una MMU o più livelli di "
"privilegio (eccezione livelli su CPU Arm, anelli su x86), mentre i "
"processori delle applicazioni lo fanno."
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each "
"architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real "
"hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines."
msgstr ""
"QEMU supporta l'emulazione di diverse macchine o modelli di scheda per "
"ciascuna architettura. IL La scheda 'virt' non corrisponde a nessun "
"particolare hardware reale, ma è progettata esclusivamente per macchine "
"virtuali."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:3
msgid ""
"Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:5
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
".global entry\n"
"entry:\n"
" /*\n"
" * Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable "
"MMU and\n"
" * caches.\n"
" */\n"
" adrp x30, idmap\n"
" msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
" mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
" msr mair_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
" mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
" /* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
" mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
" bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
"\n"
" msr tcr_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
" mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
"\n"
" /*\n"
" * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate "
"any\n"
" * potentially stale local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
" */\n"
" isb\n"
" tlbi vmalle1\n"
" ic iallu\n"
" dsb nsh\n"
" isb\n"
"\n"
" /*\n"
" * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
"this\n"
" * has completed.\n"
" */\n"
" msr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
" isb\n"
"\n"
" /* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
" mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
" orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
" msr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
" isb\n"
"\n"
" /* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
" adr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
" adr_l x30, bss_end\n"
"0: cmp x29, x30\n"
" b.hs 1f\n"
" stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
" b 0b\n"
"\n"
"1: /* Prepare the stack. */\n"
" adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
" mov sp, x30\n"
"\n"
" /* Set up exception vector. */\n"
" adr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
" msr vbar_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
" /* Call into Rust code. */\n"
" bl main\n"
"\n"
" /* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
"2: wfi\n"
" b 2b\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:77
msgid ""
"This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, "
"zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:79
msgid ""
"The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the "
"object file which containing statically allocated variables which are "
"initialised to zero. They are omitted from the image, to avoid wasting space "
"on zeroes. The compiler assumes that the loader will take care of zeroing "
"them."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:84
msgid ""
"The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and "
"the image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:86
msgid ""
"We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If "
"we don't:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:88
msgid ""
"Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-"
"unknown-none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler "
"generating unaligned accesses, so it should be fine in this case, but this "
"is not necessarily the case in general."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:92
msgid ""
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
"while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache "
"is cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, "
"not VA or IPA.)"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:99
msgid ""
"For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which "
"identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB "
"for DRAM, and another 1 GiB higher up for more devices. This matches the "
"memory layout that QEMU uses."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:103
msgid ""
"We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about "
"later."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md:105
msgid ""
"All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 "
"(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to "
"modify `entry.S` accordingly."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Inline assembly"
msgstr "Assemblaggio in linea"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with "
"Rust code. For example, to make an HVC (hypervisor call) to tell the "
"firmware to power off the system:"
msgstr ""
"A volte abbiamo bisogno di usare l'assembly per fare cose che non sono "
"possibili con il codice Rust. Per esempio, per effettuare un "
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:20
msgid ""
"// Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
" // anything with memory.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:23
msgid "\"hvc #0\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:24
msgid "\"w0\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:25
msgid "\"w1\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:26
msgid "\"w2\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:27
msgid "\"w3\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:28
msgid "\"w4\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:29
msgid "\"w5\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:30
msgid "\"w6\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:31
msgid "\"w7\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/"
"smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)"
msgstr ""
"(Se vuoi davvero farlo, usa la cassa [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/"
"smccc) che ha wrapper per tutte queste funzioni.)"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of "
"functions to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is "
"implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems."
msgstr ""
"PSCI è l'Arm Power State Coordination Interface, un insieme standard di "
"funzioni per gestire il sistema e gli stati di alimentazione della CPU, tra "
"le altre cose. È implementato dal firmware EL3 e dagli hypervisor su molti "
"sistemi."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the "
"inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use "
"`inout` rather than `in` because the call could potentially clobber the "
"contents of the registers."
msgstr ""
"La sintassi `0 => _` significa inizializzare il registro a 0 prima di "
"eseguire il codice assembly inline, e ignorarne il contenuto in seguito. "
"Dobbiamo usare \"inout\" piuttosto che \"in\" perché la chiamata potrebbe "
"potenzialmente intasare il contenuto dei registri."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because "
"it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`."
msgstr ""
"Questa funzione `main` deve essere `#[no_mangle]` e `extern \"C\"` perché "
"viene chiamata dal nostro punto di ingresso in \"entry.S\"."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:54
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally "
"used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. "
"According to the standard aarch64 calling convention (which is what `extern "
"\"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the first 8 "
"arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything "
"special except make sure it doesn't change these registers."
msgstr ""
"`_x0`–`_x3` sono i valori dei registri `x0`–`x3`, che sono convenzionalmente "
"utilizzati dal bootloader per passare cose come un puntatore all'albero dei "
"dispositivi. Secondo la chiamata standard aarch64 convenzione (che è ciò che "
"`extern \"C\"` specifica di usare), i registri `x0`–`x7` sono usati per "
"primi 8 argomenti passati a una funzione, quindi `entry.S` non ha bisogno di "
"fare niente di speciale tranne assicurati che non modifichi questi registri."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:60
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
msgstr ""
"Eseguire l'esempio in QEMU con `make qemu_psci` in `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO"
msgstr "Accesso alla memoria volatile per MMIO"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`."
msgstr "Usa `pointer::read_volatile` e `pointer::write_volatile`."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:4
#, fuzzy
msgid "Never hold a reference."
msgstr "Non tenere mai un riferimento."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate "
"reference."
msgstr ""
"`addr_of!` consente di ottenere campi di struct senza creare un riferimento "
"intermedio."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent "
"the compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them."
msgstr ""
"Accesso volatile: le operazioni di lettura o scrittura possono avere effetti "
"collaterali, quindi impedisci al compilatore o hardware dal riordinarli, "
"duplicarli o eliminarli."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the "
"compiler may assume that the value read is the same as the value just "
"written, and not bother actually reading memory."
msgstr ""
"Di solito se scrivi e poi leggi, ad es. tramite un riferimento mutabile, il "
"compilatore può assumerlo il valore letto è uguale al valore appena scritto, "
"e non disturba effettivamente la lettura della memoria."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but "
"this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to "
"dereference it."
msgstr ""
"Alcuni crate esistenti per l'accesso volatile all'hardware contengono "
"riferimenti, ma questo non è corretto. Ogni volta che esiste un riferimento, "
"il compilatore può scegliere di dereferenziarlo."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the "
"struct."
msgstr ""
"Usa la macro `addr_of!` per ottenere i puntatori di campo struct da un "
"puntatore alla struct."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let's write a UART driver"
msgstr "Scriviamo un driver UART"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/"
"documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that."
msgstr ""
"La macchina QEMU 'virt' ha un [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/"
"documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, quindi scriviamo un driver per quello."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:9
msgid "/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:17 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:13
msgid ""
"/// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:29 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:25
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:337
msgid "/// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:31 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:27
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:339
msgid "// Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:34 src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:46
msgid ""
"// Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:37 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:33
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:345
msgid "// Write to the TX buffer.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:41 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:37
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:349
msgid "// Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is "
"because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety "
"requirements are met (i.e. that there is only ever one instance of the "
"driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space), then "
"it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the "
"necessary preconditions."
msgstr ""
"Nota che `Uart::new` non è sicuro mentre gli altri metodi sono sicuri. "
"Questo perché finché il chiamante di `Uart::new` garantisce che i suoi "
"requisiti di sicurezza siano soddisfatti (cioè che ci sia solo mai "
"un'istanza del driver per un dato UART, e nient'altro che alias il suo "
"spazio degli indirizzi), quindi è sempre sicuro chiamare `write_byte` in "
"seguito perché possiamo assumere il necessario precondizioni."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:61
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but "
"`write_byte` unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every "
"place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety"
msgstr ""
"Avremmo potuto fare il contrario (rendere `new` sicuro ma `write_byte` non "
"sicuro), ma quello sarebbe molto meno conveniente da usare poiché ogni posto "
"che chiama `write_byte` dovrebbe ragionare sulla sicurezza"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:64
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving "
"the burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller "
"number of places."
msgstr ""
"Questo è un modello comune per scrivere wrapper sicuri di codice non sicuro: "
"spostare l'onere della prova per solidità da un gran numero di posti a un "
"numero minore di posti."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "More traits"
msgstr "Altri tratti"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more "
"traits too."
msgstr ""
"Abbiamo derivato il tratto `Debug`. Sarebbe utile implementare anche qualche "
"altro tratto."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:17 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:381
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:223
msgid ""
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
"// accessed from any context.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our "
"`Uart` type."
msgstr ""
"L'implementazione di `Write` ci permette di usare le macro `write!` e "
"`writeln!` con il nostro tipo `Uart`."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
msgstr ""
"Esegui l'esempio in QEMU con `make qemu_minimal` sotto `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "A better UART driver"
msgstr "Un driver UART migliore"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/"
"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding "
"offsets to construct pointers to access them is error-prone and hard to "
"read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to access in a "
"structured way."
msgstr ""
"Il PL011 in realtà ha [un mucchio di registri in più](https://developer.arm."
"com/documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers) e "
"aggiunge offset per costruire puntatori a cui accedere è soggetto a errori e "
"difficile da leggere. Inoltre, alcuni di loro sono campi di bit che "
"sarebbero carini accedere in modo strutturato."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Offset"
msgstr "Compensazione"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Register name"
msgstr "Registra nome"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "Width"
msgstr "Larghezza"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x00"
msgstr "0x00"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "DR"
msgstr "DR"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "12"
msgstr "12"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x04"
msgstr "0x04"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid "RSR"
msgstr "RSR"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x18"
msgstr "0x18"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "FR"
msgstr "FR"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid "9"
msgstr "9"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x20"
msgstr "0x20"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "ILPR"
msgstr "ILPR"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x24"
msgstr "0x24"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "IBRD"
msgstr "BIRS"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:13 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "16"
msgstr "16"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x28"
msgstr "0x28"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "FBRD"
msgstr "FBRD"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x2c"
msgstr "0x2c"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid "LCR_H"
msgstr "LCR_H"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x30"
msgstr "0x30"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:16
#, fuzzy
msgid "CR"
msgstr "CR"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x34"
msgstr "0x34"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "IFLS"
msgstr "IFL"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x38"
msgstr "0x38"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid "IMSC"
msgstr "IMSC"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:18 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "11"
msgstr "11"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x3c"
msgstr "0x3c"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "RIS"
msgstr "RIS"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x40"
msgstr "0x40"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid "MIS"
msgstr "MIS"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x44"
msgstr "0x44"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid "ICR"
msgstr "CRI"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "0x48"
msgstr "0x48"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "DMACR"
msgstr "DMACR"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity."
msgstr ""
"Sono inoltre presenti alcuni registri identificativi che per brevità sono "
"stati omessi."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for "
"working with bitflags."
msgstr ""
"Il crate [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) è utile per "
"lavorare con i bitflags."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:10
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:241
msgid "/// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:14
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:245
msgid "/// Clear to send.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:16
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:247
msgid "/// Data set ready.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:18
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:249
msgid "/// Data carrier detect.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:20
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:251
msgid "/// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:22
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:253
msgid "/// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:24
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:255
msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:26
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:257
msgid "/// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:28
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:259
msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:30
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:261
msgid "/// Ring indicator.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along "
"with a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags."
msgstr ""
"La macro `bitflags!` crea un nuovo tipo qualcosa come `Flags(u16)`, insieme "
"a una serie di metodi implementazioni per ottenere e impostare flag."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Multiple registers"
msgstr "Più registri"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers."
msgstr ""
"Possiamo usare una struct per rappresentare il layout di memoria dei "
"registri dell'UART."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:43
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
"representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, "
"following the same rules as C. This is necessary for our struct to have a "
"predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the compiler to "
"(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit."
msgstr ""
"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
"representation) indica il compilatore per disporre i campi struct in ordine, "
"seguendo le stesse regole di C. Questo è necessario affinché la nostra "
"struttura abbia un layout prevedibile, poiché la rappresentazione "
"predefinita di Rust lo consente compilatore per (tra le altre cose) "
"riordinare i campi come meglio crede."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver."
msgstr "Ora usiamo la nuova struttura `Registers` nel nostro driver."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:6
msgid "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:30
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:54
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:342 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:366
msgid ""
"// Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:41
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:353
msgid ""
"/// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been\n"
" /// received.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:48
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:360
msgid "// TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:63
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual "
"fields without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound."
msgstr ""
"Notare l'uso di `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` per ottenere puntatori a singoli "
"campi senza creare un riferimento intermedio, che sarebbe errato."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Using it"
msgstr "Usandolo"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, "
"and echo incoming bytes."
msgstr ""
"Scriviamo un piccolo programma usando il nostro driver per scrivere sulla "
"console seriale ed echo in entrata byte."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:19
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:18 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:44
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:33
msgid "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:25
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:24 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:50
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:44
msgid ""
"// Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:29
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:29
msgid "\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:35
msgid "b'\\r'"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:36
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:27
msgid "b'\\n'"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:38
msgid "b'q'"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:44
msgid "\"Bye!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` "
"function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker "
"notes there for details."
msgstr ""
"Come nell'esempio [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md), questa funzione "
"`main` è chiamata dal nostro codice del punto di ingresso in \"entry.S\". "
"Vedi le note del relatore lì per i dettagli."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:54
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
msgstr ""
"Esegui l'esempio in QEMU con `make qemu` sotto `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`]"
"(https://crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the "
"`Log` trait."
msgstr ""
"Sarebbe bello poter usare le macro di registrazione dalla cassa [`log`]"
"(https://crates.io/crates/log). Possiamo farlo con implementando il tratto "
"`Log`."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:193
msgid "\"[{}] {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:35 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:202
msgid "/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling "
"`set_logger`."
msgstr ""
"L'unwrap in `log` è sicuro perché inizializziamo `LOGGER` prima di chiamare "
"`set_logger`."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it."
msgstr "Dobbiamo inizializzare il logger prima di usarlo."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:38 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:72
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:115
msgid "\"{info}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics."
msgstr ""
"Nota che il nostro gestore del panico ora può registrare i dettagli dei "
"panico."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
msgstr ""
"Eseguire l'esempio in QEMU con `make qemu_logger` in `src/bare-metal/aps/"
"examples`."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:3
msgid ""
"AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of "
"exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with "
"SP0, current EL with SPx, lower EL using AArch64, lower EL using AArch32). "
"We implement this in assembly to save volatile registers to the stack before "
"calling into Rust code:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:67
msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:68
msgid ""
"For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current "
"EL exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:70
msgid ""
"For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't "
"expect any of them to actually happen."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md:72
msgid ""
"We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or "
"less like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync."
"md) will control what we can share between them, just like with threads. For "
"example, if we want to share some value between exception handlers and the "
"rest of the program, and it's `Send` but not `Sync`, then we'll need to wrap "
"it in something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)"
msgstr "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:4
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"coreboot without the C\""
msgstr "\"coreboot senza la C\""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V."
msgstr "Supporta x86, aarch64 e RISC-V."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself."
msgstr "Si basa su LinuxBoot piuttosto che avere molti driver."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-"
"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)"
msgstr ""
"[Tutorial sul sistema operativo Rust RaspberryPi](https://github.com/rust-"
"embedded/rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, "
"exception handling, page tables"
msgstr ""
"Inizializzazione, driver UART, bootloader semplice, JTAG, livelli di "
"eccezione, gestione delle eccezioni, tabelle delle pagine"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not "
"necessarily a good example to copy for production code."
msgstr "Non tutto molto ben scritto, quindi attenzione."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)"
msgstr "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)"
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage."
msgstr "Analisi statica per determinare l'utilizzo massimo dello stack."
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:17
msgid ""
"The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are "
"enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However:"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:19
msgid ""
"Without the MMU and cache, unaligned accesses will fault. It builds with "
"`aarch64-unknown-none` which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler "
"generating unaligned accesses so it should be alright, but this is not "
"necessarily the case in general."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:23
msgid ""
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
"while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost. Again this is "
"alright in this particular case (running directly on the hardware with no "
"hypervisor), but isn't a good pattern in general."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1
msgid "Useful crates"
msgstr "Crates utili"
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal "
"programming."
msgstr ""
"Esamineremo alcune casse che risolvono alcuni problemi comuni nella "
"programmazione bare-metal."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides "
"traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other "
"types."
msgstr ""
"La cassa [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) (da Fuchsia) fornisce "
"tratti e macro per la conversione sicura tra sequenze di byte e altri tipi."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), "
"but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by "
"DMA, or sent over some external interface."
msgstr ""
"Questo non è adatto per MMIO (poiché non utilizza letture e scritture "
"volatili), ma può essere utile per lavorare con strutture condivise con "
"l'hardware, ad es. tramite DMA o inviato tramite un'interfaccia esterna."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is "
"valid, and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes."
msgstr ""
"`FromBytes` può essere implementato per i tipi per i quali qualsiasi modello "
"di byte è valido, e quindi può tranquillamente esserlo convertito da una "
"sequenza di byte non attendibile."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because "
"`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not "
"all byte patterns are valid."
msgstr ""
"Il tentativo di derivare `FromBytes` per questi tipi fallirebbe, perché "
"`RequestType` non usa tutti possibili valori u32 come discriminanti, quindi "
"non tutti i modelli di byte sono validi."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives."
msgstr ""
"`zerocopy::byteorder` ha tipi per primitive numeriche che riconoscono "
"l'ordine dei byte."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:54
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
"zerocopy-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate "
"dependency.)"
msgstr ""
"Esegui l'esempio con `cargo run` sotto `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
"zerocopy-example/`. (Non lo farà eseguito nel Parco giochi a causa della "
"dipendenza dalla cassa.)"
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets "
"you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System "
"Architecture."
msgstr ""
"Il crate [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) "
"consente di creare tabelle di pagine in base alla memoria virtuale AArch64 "
"Architettura di sistema."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:14
msgid "// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:16
msgid "// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:21
msgid "// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should "
"be straightforward to add."
msgstr ""
"Per ora supporta solo EL1, ma il supporto per altri livelli di eccezione "
"dovrebbe essere semplice aggiungere."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android."
"com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/"
"pvmfw/)."
msgstr ""
"Viene utilizzato in Android per il [Firmware VM protetto](https://cs.android."
"com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/"
"pvmfw/)."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware "
"or under QEMU."
msgstr ""
"Non esiste un modo semplice per eseguire questo esempio, poiché deve essere "
"eseguito su hardware reale o sotto QEMU."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) "
"is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can "
"be used both for [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/"
"buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) implementing [`GlobalAlloc`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html) so you can use "
"the standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before](../alloc.md)), or for "
"allocating other address space. For example, we might want to allocate MMIO "
"space for PCI BARs:"
msgstr ""
"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) "
"è un crate di terze parti che implementa un allocatore di sistema buddy di "
"base. Può essere utilizzato sia per [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/"
"buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) "
"che implementa [`GlobalAlloc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait."
"GlobalAlloc.html) in modo da poter utilizzare il crate standard `alloc` "
"(come abbiamo visto [prima](../alloc.md)), o per allocare altro spazio di "
"indirizzi. Per esempio, potremmo voler allocare spazio MMIO per PCI BAR:"
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size."
msgstr "Le barre PCI hanno sempre un allineamento uguale alla loro dimensione."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
"allocator-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate "
"dependency.)"
msgstr ""
"Esegui l'esempio con `cargo run` sotto `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
"allocator-example/`. (Non lo farà eseguito nel Parco giochi a causa della "
"dipendenza dalla cassa.)"
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without "
"heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides "
"this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically "
"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used "
"and panics if you try to use more than are allocated."
msgstr ""
"A volte vuoi qualcosa che possa essere ridimensionato come un `Vec`, ma "
"senza allocazione dell'heap. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) "
"fornisce questo: un vettore supportato da un array o da una slice, che "
"potrebbe essere staticamente allocato o in pila, che tiene traccia di quanti "
"elementi vengono utilizzati e va in panico se ci provi utilizzare più di "
"quanto assegnato."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for "
"initialisation."
msgstr ""
"`tinyvec` richiede che il tipo di elemento implementi `Default` per "
"l'inizializzazione."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline."
msgstr ""
"Rust Playground include `tinyvec`, quindi questo esempio funzionerà "
"correttamente in linea."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` "
"are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or "
"interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?"
msgstr ""
"`std::sync::Mutex` e le altre primitive di sincronizzazione da `std::sync` "
"non sono disponibili in `core` o `alloc`. Come gestire la sincronizzazione o "
"la mutevolezza interiore, ad esempio per la condivisione stato tra diverse "
"CPU?"
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based "
"equivalents of many of these primitives."
msgstr ""
"La cassa [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) fornisce equivalenti basati "
"su spinlock di molte di queste primitive."
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:26
msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:27
msgid ""
"`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, "
"`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:29
msgid ""
"The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some "
"useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to "
"`spin::once::Once`."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:31
msgid ""
"The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline."
msgstr ""
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a "
"`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` "
"with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a `raw_binary` "
"to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run."
msgstr ""
"Per costruire un binario Rust bare-metal in AOSP, devi usare una regola "
"`rust_ffi_static` Soong per costruire il tuo codice Rust, poi un `cc_binary` "
"con uno script linker per produrre il binario stesso, e poi a `raw_binary` "
"per convertire l'ELF in un binario grezzo pronto per essere eseguito."
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1
msgid "vmbase"
msgstr "vmbase"
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android."
"googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/"
"master/vmbase/) library provides a linker script and useful defaults for the "
"build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more."
msgstr ""
"Per le VM in esecuzione in crosvm su aarch64, la libreria [vmbase](https://"
"android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/"
"heads/master/vmbase/) fornisce uno script linker e utili impostazioni "
"predefinite per le regole di compilazione, insieme a un punto di ingresso, "
"la registrazione della console UART e altro ancora."
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` "
"entry point."
msgstr ""
"La macro `main!` contrassegna la tua funzione principale, da chiamare dal "
"punto di ingresso `vmbase`."
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a "
"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns."
msgstr ""
"Il punto di ingresso `vmbase` gestisce l'inizializzazione della console ed "
"emette un PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF per l'arresto la VM se la tua funzione principale "
"ritorna."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device."
msgstr "Scriveremo un driver per il dispositivo orologio in tempo reale PL031."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-"
"afternoon.md) provided."
msgstr ""
"Dopo aver esaminato l'esercizio, puoi esaminare la \\[soluzione\\] fornita."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "RTC driver"
msgstr "Driver RTC"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/"
"documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, "
"you should write a driver for it."
msgstr ""
"La macchina QEMU aarch64 virt ha un orologio in tempo reale [PL031](https://"
"developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0224/c) a 0x9010000. Per questo "
"esercizio, tu dovrebbe scrivere un driver per esso."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the "
"[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting."
msgstr ""
"Usalo per stampare l'ora corrente sulla console seriale. Puoi usare la cassa "
"[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) per formattazione data/ora."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given "
"time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)"
msgstr ""
"Utilizzare il registro delle corrispondenze e lo stato di interrupt non "
"elaborato per attendere occupato fino a un determinato momento, ad es. 3 "
"secondi in futuro. (Chiama [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://doc.rust-lang."
"org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) all'interno del ciclo.)"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by "
"the RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://"
"docs.rs/arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller."
msgstr ""
"_Estensione se hai tempo:_ Abilita e gestisci l'interrupt generato dalla "
"corrispondenza RTC. Puoi utilizzare il driver fornito nella cassa [`arm-gic`]"
"(https://docs.rs/arm-gic/) per configurare Arm Generic Interrupt Controller."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`."
msgstr "Usa l'interrupt RTC, che è cablato al GIC come `IntId::spi(2)`."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:15
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::"
"wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt."
msgstr ""
"Una volta abilitato l'interrupt, puoi mettere il core in sleep tramite "
"`arm_gic::wfi()`, che farà dormire il core finché non riceve un interrupt."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
"look in the `rtc` directory for the following files."
msgstr ""
"Scarica il [modello di esercizio](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) e "
"cerca in `rtc` directory per i seguenti file."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:40
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:29
msgid "/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:55
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:49
msgid "\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:57
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:51
msgid ""
"// Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the base\n"
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:63
msgid "// TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:65
msgid "// TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:78
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"_src/exceptions.rs_ (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of "
"the exercise):"
msgstr ""
"`src/exceptions.rs` (dovresti solo cambiarlo per la terza parte "
"dell'esercizio):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:84 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:159
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:218 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:418
msgid ""
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
"//\n"
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
"//\n"
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
"//\n"
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
"// limitations under the License.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:105
msgid "\"sync_exception_current\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:111
msgid "\"irq_current\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:113
msgid "\"No pending interrupt\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:114
msgid "\"IRQ {intid:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:119
msgid "\"fiq_current\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:125
msgid "\"serr_current\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:131
msgid "\"sync_lower\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:137
msgid "\"irq_lower\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:143
msgid "\"fiq_lower\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149
msgid "\"serr_lower\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:154
#, fuzzy
msgid "_src/logger.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`src/logger.rs` (non dovrebbe essere necessario modificarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:172
msgid "// ANCHOR: main\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:213
#, fuzzy
msgid "_src/pl011.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`src/pl011.rs` (non dovresti aver bisogno di cambiarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:236
msgid "// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:264
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:268
msgid ""
"/// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:272
msgid "/// Framing error.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:274
msgid "/// Parity error.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:276
msgid "/// Break error.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:278
msgid "/// Overrun error.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:282
msgid "// ANCHOR: Registers\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:314
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:316
msgid ""
"// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:325
msgid ""
"/// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:370
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:413
#, fuzzy
msgid "_build.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`build.rs` (non dovresti aver bisogno di cambiarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:436 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:438
msgid "\"linux\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:437 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:439
msgid "\"CROSS_COMPILE\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:437
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"aarch64-linux-gnu\""
msgstr "paginazione aarch64 (aarch64-paging)"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:439
msgid "\"aarch64-none-elf\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:442
msgid "\"entry.S\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:443
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"exceptions.S\""
msgstr "Eccezioni"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:444
msgid "\"idmap.S\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:445
msgid "\"empty\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:449
#, fuzzy
msgid "_entry.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`entry.S` (non dovresti aver bisogno di cambiarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:453
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n"
"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n"
"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n"
"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n"
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n"
".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n"
".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n"
"\n"
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n"
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n"
"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation "
"fault instead. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n"
"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n"
".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n"
"/*\n"
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate "
"write-allocate\n"
" * cacheable.\n"
" */\n"
".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n"
"/*\n"
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate "
"write-allocate\n"
" * cacheable.\n"
" */\n"
".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n"
"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n"
".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n"
".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ."
"L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n"
".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ."
"L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n"
"\n"
"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n"
"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n"
"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n"
"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n"
"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n"
"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n"
"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n"
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << "
"28) | (0x1 << 29)\n"
".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ."
"L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n"
".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ."
"L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations "
"required to prepare the\n"
" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using "
"registers x25 and above,\n"
" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception "
"vector. It preserves x0-x3\n"
" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n"
" */\n"
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
".global entry\n"
"entry:\n"
"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU "
"and caches. */\n"
"\tadrp x30, idmap\n"
"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
"\n"
"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any "
"potentially stale\n"
"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\ttlbi vmalle1\n"
"\tic iallu\n"
"\tdsb nsh\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
"this has completed.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
"\tisb\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n"
"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n"
"\tb.hs 1f\n"
"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
"\tb 0b\n"
"\n"
"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n"
"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
"\tmov sp, x30\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n"
"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n"
"\tbl main\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
"2:\twfi\n"
"\tb 2b\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:598
#, fuzzy
msgid "_exceptions.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`eccezioni.S` (non dovresti aver bisogno di cambiarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:602
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 "
"instructions\n"
" * left.\n"
" *\n"
" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 "
"respectively,\n"
" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent "
"call.\n"
" */\n"
".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n"
"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n"
"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n"
"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n"
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving "
"18\n"
" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n"
" * instructions to spare.\n"
" */\n"
".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n"
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n"
"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n"
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
"using\n"
" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, "
"doing\n"
" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n"
" *\n"
" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n"
" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can "
"implement\n"
" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n"
" */\n"
".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n"
"\tmsr spsel, #1\n"
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\tbl \\handler\n"
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\tmsr spsel, #0\n"
"\teret\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
"/**\n"
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
"using\n"
" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores "
"volatile\n"
" * registers, then returns.\n"
" *\n"
" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n"
" * non-volatile registers.\n"
" *\n"
" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n"
" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the "
"whole\n"
" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n"
" */\n"
".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n"
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
"\tbl \\handler\n"
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
"\teret\n"
".endm\n"
"\n"
".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n"
".global vector_table_el1\n"
".balign 0x800\n"
"vector_table_el1:\n"
"sync_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_cur_sp0:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_cur_spx:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_lower_64:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"sync_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"irq_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"fiq_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
"\n"
".balign 0x80\n"
"serr_lower_32:\n"
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:783
#, fuzzy
msgid "_idmap.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`idmap.S` (non dovresti aver bisogno di cambiarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:787
msgid ""
"```armasm\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n"
".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n"
"\n"
"/* Access flag. */\n"
".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n"
"/* Not global. */\n"
".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n"
".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n"
"\n"
".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n"
".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner "
"shareable\n"
"\n"
".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n"
".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n"
"\n"
".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n"
".global idmap\n"
".align 12\n"
"idmap:\n"
"\t/* level 1 */\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n"
"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n"
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:832
#, fuzzy
msgid "_image.ld_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`image.ld` (non dovresti aver bisogno di cambiarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:836
msgid ""
"```ld\n"
"/*\n"
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
" *\n"
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
" *\n"
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
" *\n"
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
" * limitations under the License.\n"
" */\n"
"\n"
"/*\n"
" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of "
"the\n"
" * image.\n"
" */\n"
"ENTRY(entry)\n"
"\n"
"MEMORY\n"
"{\n"
"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n"
"}\n"
"\n"
"SECTIONS\n"
"{\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together the code.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n"
"\t\t*(.init.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\t.text : {\n"
"\t\t*(.text.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\ttext_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\t.got : {\n"
"\t\t*(.got)\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\trodata_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n"
"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.data.*)\n"
"\t\t/*\n"
"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n"
"\t\t * bytes long.\n"
"\t\t */\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n"
"\t\tdata_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n"
"\tbin_end = .;\n"
"\n"
"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n"
"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n"
"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n"
"\t\t*(COMMON)\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n"
"\t\tbss_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n"
"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n"
"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n"
"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n"
"\t} >image\n"
"\n"
"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n"
"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n"
"\n"
"\t/*\n"
"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n"
"\t */\n"
"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n"
"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n"
"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n"
"\t\t*(.hash)\n"
"\t\t*(.interp)\n"
"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n"
"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n"
"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n"
"\t}\n"
"}\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:943
#, fuzzy
msgid "_Makefile_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
msgstr "`Makefile` (non dovresti aver bisogno di cambiarlo):"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:948
msgid "# Copyright 2023 Google LLC"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:962
msgid "$(shell uname -s)"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:964
#, fuzzy
msgid "aarch64-linux-gnu"
msgstr "paginazione aarch64 (aarch64-paging)"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:981
msgid "stdio -display none -kernel $< -s"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:984
msgid "cargo clean"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:999
#, fuzzy
msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`."
msgstr "Esegui il codice in QEMU con `make qemu`."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
msgstr "Pomeriggio su Bare Metal Rust"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](rtc.md))"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "_main.rs_:"
msgstr "`principale.rs`:"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:36
msgid "/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:38
msgid "/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:57
msgid ""
"// Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 device,\n"
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:62
msgid "\"RTC: {time}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:70
msgid "// Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:73
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:91
msgid "\"Waiting for {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:75
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:83
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:96
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:104
msgid "\"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:87
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:108
msgid "\"Finished waiting\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:89
msgid "// Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:121
#, fuzzy
msgid "_pl031.rs_:"
msgstr "`pl031.rs`:"
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:128
msgid "/// Data register\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:130
msgid "/// Match register\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:132
msgid "/// Load register\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:134
msgid "/// Control register\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:137
msgid "/// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:140
msgid "/// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:143
msgid "/// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:146
msgid "/// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:150
#, fuzzy
msgid "/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n"
msgstr "Scriveremo un driver per il dispositivo orologio in tempo reale PL031."
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:158
msgid ""
"/// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at the\n"
" /// given base address.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// # Safety\n"
" ///\n"
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
"a\n"
" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
"process\n"
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:170
msgid "/// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:172
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:180
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:188
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:199
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:211
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:218
msgid ""
"// Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:177
msgid ""
"/// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an interrupt\n"
" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:185
msgid ""
"/// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or "
"not\n"
" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:194
msgid ""
"/// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n"
" /// interrupt is masked.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:205
msgid ""
"/// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n"
" ///\n"
" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false "
"the\n"
" /// interrupt is disabled.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:216
msgid "/// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust"
msgstr "Benvenuti a Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
#: src/concurrency.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and "
"channels."
msgstr ""
"Rust ha il pieno supporto per la concorrenza utilizzando i thread del "
"sistema operativo con mutex e canali."
#: src/concurrency.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs "
"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since "
"you can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime."
msgstr ""
"Il sistema di tipo Rust gioca un ruolo importante nella creazione di molti "
"bug di concorrenza bug in fase di compilazione. Questo è spesso indicato "
"come _concorrenza senza paura_ da quando tu può fare affidamento sul "
"compilatore per garantire la correttezza in fase di esecuzione."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:"
msgstr "I thread Rust funzionano in modo simile ai thread in altre lingue:"
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:12
msgid "\"Count in thread: {i}!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:18
msgid "\"Main thread: {i}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them."
msgstr ""
"I thread sono tutti thread demoni, il thread principale non li aspetta."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other."
msgstr "I thread panic sono indipendenti l'uno dall'altro."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`."
msgstr ""
"Panics può trasportare un payload, che può essere decompresso con "
"`downcast_ref`."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 --- the main thread "
"is not waiting."
msgstr ""
"Si noti che il thread viene interrotto prima che raggiunga 10 — il thread "
"principale lo è non aspettare."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for "
"the thread to finish."
msgstr ""
"Usa `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` e successivamente `handle.join()` per "
"aspettare il filo per finire."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`."
msgstr ""
"Attivare un panico nel thread, notare come questo non influisca su `main`."
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the "
"panic payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/std/any/index.html)."
msgstr ""
"Usa il valore di ritorno `Result` da `handle.join()` per ottenere l'accesso "
"al panico carico utile. Questo è un buon momento per parlare di [`Any`]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html)."
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:"
msgstr "I thread normali non possono prendere in prestito dal loro ambiente:"
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/"
"fn.scope.html) for this:"
msgstr ""
"Tuttavia, puoi utilizzare un [thread con ambito](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
"std/thread/fn.scope.html) per questo:"
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all "
"the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data."
msgstr ""
"La ragione di ciò è che quando la funzione `thread::scope` viene completata, "
"è garantito che tutti i thread vengano uniti, in modo che possano restituire "
"dati presi in prestito."
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one "
"thread, or immutably by any number of threads."
msgstr ""
"Si applicano le normali regole di prestito di Rust: puoi prendere in "
"prestito in modo mutabile da un thread o immutabile da un numero qualsiasi "
"di thread."
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender<T>` and a `Receiver<T>`. The two "
"parts are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points."
msgstr ""
"I canali Rust hanno due parti: un `Sender<T>` e un `Receiver<T>`. Le due "
"parti sono collegati tramite il canale, ma vedi solo i punti finali."
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:15 src/concurrency/channels.md:16
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:20
msgid "\"Received: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` "
"implement `Clone` (so you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does "
"not."
msgstr ""
"`mpsc` sta per Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` e `SyncSender` "
"implementano `Clone` (quindi puoi creare più produttori) ma `Receiver` no."
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the "
"counterpart `Sender` or `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed."
msgstr ""
"`send()` e `recv()` restituiscono `Risultato`. Se restituiscono \"Err\", "
"significa che la controparte \"Mittente\" o `Receiver` viene eliminato e il "
"canale viene chiuso."
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:"
msgstr "Ottieni un canale illimitato e asincrono con `mpsc::channel()`:"
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:16
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:16
msgid "\"Message {i}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:17
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:17
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:19
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:19
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: done\""
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:24
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:24
msgid "\"Main: got {msg}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"With bounded (synchronous) channels, `send` can block the current thread:"
msgstr ""
"I canali limitati e sincroni fanno in modo che `send` blocchi il thread "
"corrente:"
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:31
msgid ""
"Calling `send` will block the current thread until there is space in the "
"channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there "
"is nobody who reads from the channel."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:34
msgid ""
"A call to `send` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) "
"if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:36
msgid ""
"A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". "
"Every send will block the current thread until another thread calls `read`."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across threads? The answer is in "
"two traits:"
msgstr ""
"Come fa Rust a sapere di vietare l'accesso condiviso attraverso il thread? "
"La risposta è in due tratti:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` "
"is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread boundary."
msgstr ""
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): un tipo `T` "
"è `Send` se è sicuro spostare una `T` attraverso un thread confine."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` "
"is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread boundary."
msgstr ""
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): un tipo `T` "
"è `Sync` se è sicuro spostare una `&T` attraverso un thread confine."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:11
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). The "
"compiler will automatically derive them for your types as long as they only "
"contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when "
"you know it is valid."
msgstr ""
"\"Send\" e \"Sync\" sono [tratti non sicuri](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). Il "
"compilatore li deriverà automaticamente per i tuoi tipi purché contengano "
"solo i tipi \"Send\" e \"Sync\". Puoi anche implementarli manualmente quando "
"tu sapere che è valido."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-"
"safety properties."
msgstr ""
"Si può pensare a questi tratti come indicatori che il tipo ha determinate "
"proprietà di sicurezza del thread."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits."
msgstr "Possono essere usati nei vincoli generici come tratti normali."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) "
"if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread."
msgstr ""
"Un tipo `T` è [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) "
"se è sicuro spostare un valore `T` in un altro thread."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will "
"run in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one "
"thread and deallocate it in another."
msgstr ""
"L'effetto dello spostamento della proprietà su un altro thread è che i "
"_destructors_ verranno eseguiti in quel filo. Quindi la domanda è quando "
"puoi allocare un valore in un thread e deallocarlo in un altro."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13
msgid ""
"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from "
"a single thread."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) "
"if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple threads at the same time."
msgstr ""
"Un tipo `T` è [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) "
"se è sicuro accedere a un valore `T` da più thread contemporaneamente."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "More precisely, the definition is:"
msgstr "Più precisamente la definizione è:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`"
msgstr "`T` è `Sync` se e solo se `&T` è `Send`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is "
"thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it "
"across threads."
msgstr ""
"Questa affermazione è essenzialmente un modo abbreviato per dire che se un "
"tipo è thread-safe per l'uso condiviso, è anche thread-safe per passarne i "
"riferimenti attraverso i thread."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:18
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across "
"multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization "
"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type "
"is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can "
"be accessed from any thread safely."
msgstr ""
"Questo perché se un tipo è Sync significa che può essere condiviso tra più "
"thread senza il rischio di corse di dati o altri problemi di "
"sincronizzazione, quindi è sicuro spostarlo su un altro thread. Un "
"riferimento al tipo è anche sicuro da spostare in un altro thread, perché è "
"possibile accedere ai dati a cui fa riferimento da qualsiasi thread in modo "
"sicuro."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Send + Sync`"
msgstr "\"Invia + Sincronizza\"."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:"
msgstr ""
"La maggior parte dei tipi che incontri sono \"Invia + sincronizzazione\":"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7
msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:8
msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:9
msgid "`String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ..."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:10
msgid "`Arc<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:11
msgid "`Mutex<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:12
msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions."
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are "
"`Send + Sync`."
msgstr ""
"I tipi generici sono in genere \"Send + Sync\" quando i parametri di tipo lo "
"sono \"Invia + Sincronizza\"."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Send + !Sync`"
msgstr "\"Invia + !Sincronizza\"."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. "
"Typically because of interior mutability:"
msgstr ""
"Questi tipi possono essere spostati in altri thread, ma non sono thread-"
"safe. Tipicamente a causa della mutevolezza interna:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "`mpsc::Sender<T>`"
msgstr "`mpsc::Sender<T>`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
msgstr "`mpsc::Ricevitore<T>`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid "`Cell<T>`"
msgstr "`Cella<T>`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:25
#, fuzzy
msgid "`RefCell<T>`"
msgstr "`RefCella<T>`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid "`!Send + Sync`"
msgstr "`!Invia + Sincronizza`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:"
msgstr ""
"Questi tipi sono thread-safe, ma non possono essere spostati in un altro "
"thread:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`MutexGuard<T: Sync>`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on "
"the thread which created them."
msgstr ""
"`MutexGuard<T>`: utilizza primitive a livello di sistema operativo che "
"devono essere deallocate su thread che li ha creati."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "`!Send + !Sync`"
msgstr "`!Invia + !Sync`"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:"
msgstr ""
"Questi tipi non sono thread-safe e non possono essere spostati in altri "
"thread:"
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Rc<T>`: each `Rc<T>` has a reference to an `RcBox<T>`, which contains a non-"
"atomic reference count."
msgstr ""
"`Rc<T>`: ogni `Rc<T>` ha un riferimento a un `RcBox<T>`, che contiene un "
"conteggio dei riferimenti non atomici."
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency "
"considerations."
msgstr ""
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust presuppone che i puntatori grezzi possano avere "
"caratteri speciali considerazioni sulla concorrenza"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is "
"primarily done via two types:"
msgstr ""
"Rust utilizza il sistema dei tipi per imporre la sincronizzazione dei dati "
"condivisi. Questo è fatto principalmente tramite due tipi:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic "
"reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and takes care to "
"deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,"
msgstr ""
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), riferimento "
"atomico contato `T`: gestisce la condivisione tra thread e si occupa di "
"deallocare `T` quando viene eliminato l'ultimo riferimento,"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures "
"mutually exclusive access to the `T` value."
msgstr ""
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): "
"garantisce l'accesso mutuamente esclusivo al valore `T`."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared "
"read-only access via `Arc::clone`:"
msgstr ""
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) consente "
"l'accesso condiviso in sola lettura tramite `Arc::clone`:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:16
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:21
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:17
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:45
msgid "\"v: {v:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` "
"that uses atomic operations."
msgstr ""
"`Arc` sta per \"Atomic Reference Counted\", una versione thread-safe di `Rc` "
"che usa atomic operazioni."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:31
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Arc<T>` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` "
"and `Sync` if and only if `T` implements them both."
msgstr ""
"`Arc<T>` implementa `Clone` indipendentemente dal fatto che `T` lo faccia. "
"Implementa `Send` e `Sync` se e solo `T` li implementa entrambi."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but "
"after that the use of the `T` is free."
msgstr ""
"`Arc::clone()` ha il costo delle operazioni atomiche che vengono eseguite, "
"ma dopo ciò l'uso di `T` è gratuito."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect "
"them."
msgstr ""
"Attenzione ai cicli di riferimento, `Arc` non usa un garbage collector per "
"rilevarli."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help."
msgstr "`std::sync::Weak` può aiutare."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures "
"mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only "
"interface (another form of [interior mutability](../../borrowing/interior-"
"mutability)):"
msgstr ""
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) "
"garantisce l'esclusione reciproca _e_ consente l'accesso mutabile a `T` "
"dietro un'interfaccia di sola lettura:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:12
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:19
msgid "\"v: {:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Notice how we have a [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) blanket "
"implementation."
msgstr ""
"Nota come abbiamo una coperta [`impl<T: Send> Sync per Mutex<T>`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E). "
"implementazione."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element --- the "
"protected data."
msgstr ""
"`Mutex` in Rust sembra una raccolta con un solo elemento: i dati protetti."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the "
"protected data."
msgstr ""
"Non è possibile dimenticare di acquisire il mutex prima di accedere ai dati "
"protetti."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex<T>` by taking the lock. The "
"`MutexGuard` ensures that the `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held."
msgstr ""
"Puoi ottenere un `&mut T` da un `&Mutex<T>` prendendo il lock. Il "
"`MutexGuard` assicura che il file `&mut T` non sopravvive al blocco "
"mantenuto."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`Mutex<T>` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff (if and only if) `T` "
"implements `Send`."
msgstr "`Mutex<T>` implementa sia `Send` che `Sync` se `T` implementa `Send`."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "A read-write lock counterpart: `RwLock`."
msgstr "Una controparte del blocco lettura-scrittura - `RwLock`."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`?"
msgstr "Perché `lock()` restituisce un `Risultato`?"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes "
"\"poisoned\" to signal that the data it protected might be in an "
"inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex fails with a "
"[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). "
"You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data regardless."
msgstr ""
"Se il thread che conteneva il `Mutex` va nel panico, il `Mutex` diventa "
"\"avvelenato\" per segnalare che i dati protetti potrebbero trovarsi in uno "
"stato incoerente. Chiamare `lock()` su un mutex avvelenato fallisce con un "
"[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). "
"Puoi chiamare `into_inner()` sull'errore per recuperare i dati "
"indipendentemente."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:"
msgstr "Vediamo `Arc` e `Mutex` in azione:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:6
msgid "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid "Possible solution:"
msgstr "Possibile soluzione:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49
#, fuzzy
msgid "Notable parts:"
msgstr "Parti notevoli:"
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are "
"orthogonal."
msgstr ""
"`v` è racchiuso sia in `Arc` che in `Mutex`, perché i loro interessi sono "
"ortogonali."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state "
"between threads."
msgstr ""
"Avvolgere un `Mutex` in un `Arc` è un modello comune per condividere lo "
"stato mutabile tra i thread."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:55
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another "
"thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature."
msgstr ""
"`v: Arc<_>` deve essere clonato come `v2` prima di poter essere spostato in "
"un altro thread. Nota che \"move\" è stato aggiunto alla firma lambda."
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:57
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as "
"possible."
msgstr ""
"I blocchi vengono introdotti per restringere il più possibile l'ambito di "
"`LockGuard`."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with"
msgstr "Mettiamo in pratica le nostre nuove abilità di concorrenza con"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency."
msgstr "Filosofi a tavola: un classico problema in concorrenza."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to "
"download dependencies and then check links in parallel."
msgstr ""
"Verifica link multi-thread: un progetto più ampio in cui utilizzerai Cargo "
"scaricare le dipendenze e quindi controllare i collegamenti in parallelo."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:"
msgstr ""
"Il problema dei filosofi da pranzo è un classico problema in concorrenza:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has "
"their own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish "
"served is a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each "
"philosopher can only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can "
"only eat their spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two "
"forks will only be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, "
"not eating. After an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put "
"down both forks."
msgstr ""
"Cinque filosofi cenano insieme alla stessa tavola. Ogni filosofo ha il suo "
"proprio posto a tavola. C'è una forchetta tra ogni piatto. Il piatto servito "
"è una specie di spaghetto che si mangia con due forchette. Ogni filosofo può "
"solo alternativamente pensa e mangia. Inoltre, un filosofo può solo mangiare "
"il loro gli spaghetti quando hanno sia la forchetta destra che quella "
"sinistra. Quindi solo due forchette essere disponibile quando i loro due "
"vicini più vicini stanno pensando, non mangiando. Dopo un singolo filosofo "
"finisce di mangiare, metteranno giù entrambe le forchette."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
"for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill "
"out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
msgstr ""
"Avrai bisogno di un'[installazione Cargo](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
"locale per questo esercizio. Copia il codice qui sotto in un file chiamato "
"`src/main.rs`, compila il file spazi vuoti e verificare che `cargo run` non "
"vada in stallo:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:28
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:23
msgid ""
"// left_fork: ...\n"
" // right_fork: ...\n"
" // thoughts: ...\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:36
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:24
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:31
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:25
msgid "\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:41
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:37
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:31
msgid "// Pick up forks...\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:42
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:33
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:38
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:38
msgid "\"{} is eating...\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:48
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:39
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:44
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"Socrates\""
msgstr "casse HAL"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:48
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:39
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:44
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:46
msgid "\"Hypatia\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:48
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:39
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:44
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:46
msgid "\"Plato\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:48
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:39
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:44
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:46
msgid "\"Aristotle\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:48
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:39
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:44
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:46
msgid "\"Pythagoras\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:51
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:48
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:50
msgid "// Create forks\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:53
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:50
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:54
msgid "// Create philosophers\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:55
msgid "// Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:57
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:54
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:88
msgid "// Output their thoughts\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61
#, fuzzy
msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
msgstr "Puoi usare il seguente `Cargo.toml`:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It "
"should start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It "
"should recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this "
"until all pages have been validated."
msgstr ""
"Usiamo le nostre nuove conoscenze per creare un verificatore di collegamenti "
"multi-thread. Dovrebbe iniziare da una pagina Web e verificare che i "
"collegamenti sulla pagina siano validi. Dovrebbe controlla ricorsivamente "
"altre pagine sullo stesso dominio e continua a farlo fino a quando all le "
"pagine sono state convalidate."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/"
"reqwest/). Create a new Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:"
msgstr ""
"Per questo, avrai bisogno di un client HTTP come [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/"
"reqwest/). Crea un nuovo Progetto Cargo e `richiedilo` come dipendenza con:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the "
"`Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below."
msgstr ""
"Se `cargo add` fallisce con `error: no such subcommand`, modifica il file "
"File `Cargo.toml` a mano. Aggiungere le dipendenze elencate di seguito."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs."
"rs/scraper/) for that:"
msgstr ""
"Avrai anche bisogno di un modo per trovare i link. Possiamo usare [`scraper`]"
"(https://docs.rs/scraper/) per questo:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]"
"(https://docs.rs/thiserror/) for that:"
msgstr ""
"Infine, avremo bisogno di un modo per gestire gli errori. Usiamo "
"[`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) per Quello:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:"
msgstr ""
"Le chiamate `cargo add` aggiorneranno il file `Cargo.toml` in questo modo:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"publish = false\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
"tls\"] }\n"
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://"
"www.google.org/`."
msgstr ""
"Ora puoi scaricare la pagina iniziale. Prova con un piccolo sito come "
"`https://www.google.org/`."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53
#, fuzzy
msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:"
msgstr "Il tuo file `src/main.rs` dovrebbe assomigliare a questo:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:65
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:97
msgid "\"request error: {0}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:67
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:99
msgid "\"bad http response: {0}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:78
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:110
msgid "\"Checking {:#}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:96
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:128
msgid "\"href\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:103
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:135
msgid "\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: {err}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:112
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:245
msgid "\"https://www.google.org\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:115
msgid "\"Links: {links:#?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:116
msgid "\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:121
#, fuzzy
msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with"
msgstr "Esegui il codice in `src/main.rs` con"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:129
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a "
"channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel."
msgstr ""
"Usa i thread per controllare i collegamenti in parallelo: invia gli URL da "
"controllare a a channel e lasciare che alcuni thread controllino gli URL in "
"parallelo."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:131
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google."
"org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you don't end up "
"being blocked by the site."
msgstr ""
"Estendilo per estrarre in modo ricorsivo i collegamenti da tutte le pagine "
"del file dominio \"www.google.org\". Metti un limite massimo di 100 pagine o "
"giù di lì in modo che tu non finire per essere bloccato dal sito."
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise"
msgstr "Esercizio mattutino in concorrenza"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](dining-philosophers.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:29
msgid "\"{} is trying to eat\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:53
msgid ""
"// To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
" // either of them.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:77
msgid "\"{thought}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:82
#, fuzzy
msgid "Link Checker"
msgstr "Correttore di Link a Thread multipli"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:84
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))"
msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](luhn.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:154
msgid ""
"/// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:162
msgid ""
"/// Mark the given page as visited, returning false if it had already\n"
" /// been visited.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:188
msgid "// The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:229
msgid "\"Got crawling error: {:#}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:247
msgid "\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Async Rust"
msgstr "Ruggine asincrona"
#: src/async.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed "
"concurrently by executing each task until it would block, then switching to "
"another task that is ready to make progress. The model allows running a "
"larger number of tasks on a limited number of threads. This is because the "
"per-task overhead is typically very low and operating systems provide "
"primitives for efficiently identifying I/O that is able to proceed."
msgstr ""
"\"Async\" è un modello di concorrenza in cui più attività vengono eseguite "
"contemporaneamente da eseguire ogni attività fino a quando non si "
"bloccherebbe, quindi passare a un'altra attività che è pronto a fare "
"progressi. Il modello consente di eseguire un numero maggiore di attività su "
"a numero limitato di thread. Questo perché il sovraccarico per attività è in "
"genere molto basso e i sistemi operativi forniscono primitive per "
"l'identificazione efficiente I/O che è in grado di procedere."
#: src/async.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work "
"that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they "
"signal that they are complete."
msgstr ""
"L'operazione asincrona di Rust si basa sui \"futuri\", che rappresentano il "
"lavoro che potrebbe essere completata in futuro. I futures vengono "
"\"interrogati\" fino a quando non lo segnalano sono completi."
#: src/async.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are "
"available."
msgstr ""
"I futures vengono interrogati da un runtime asincrono e diversi runtime lo "
"sono disponibile."
#: src/async.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is "
"callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", "
"similar to a runtime in Rust."
msgstr ""
"Python ha un modello simile nel suo `asyncio`. Tuttavia, il suo tipo "
"\"Futuro\" è basato su callback e non su polling. I programmi Python "
"asincroni richiedono un \"loop\", simile a un runtime in Rust."
#: src/async.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language "
"runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise "
"resolution are hidden."
msgstr ""
"La \"promessa\" di JavaScript è simile, ma ancora una volta basata su "
"callback. La lingua runtime implementa il ciclo di eventi, tanti dei "
"dettagli di Promise risoluzione sono nascosti."
#: src/async/async-await.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential "
"code:"
msgstr ""
"Ad alto livello, il codice asincrono di Rust assomiglia molto al codice "
"sequenziale \"normale\":"
#: src/async/async-await.md:10
msgid "\"Count is: {i}!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:27
msgid ""
"Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long "
"running operation or any real concurrency in it!"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:30
msgid "What is the return type of an async call?"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:31
msgid "Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:33
msgid ""
"The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return "
"type with a future."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:36
msgid ""
"You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the "
"compiler on how to use the returned future."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:39
msgid ""
"You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread "
"until the provided future has run to completion."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:42
msgid ""
"`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. "
"Unlike `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/async-await.md:45
msgid ""
"`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are "
"introduced later)."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a "
"trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be "
"complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a [`Poll`](https://"
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)."
msgstr ""
"[`Futuro`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) è un "
"tratto, implementato da oggetti che rappresentano un'operazione che potrebbe "
"non essere ancora completo. È possibile eseguire il polling di un futuro e "
"`poll` restituisce a [`Sondaggio`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum."
"Poll.html)."
#: src/async/futures.md:23
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but "
"uncommon) to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the "
"`JoinHandle` returned from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow "
"joining to it."
msgstr ""
"Una funzione asincrona restituisce un `impl Future`. È anche possibile (ma "
"non comune). implementa `Future` per i tuoi tipi. Ad esempio, è stato "
"restituito \"JoinHandle\". da `tokio::spawn` implementa `Future` per "
"consentire l'unione ad esso."
#: src/async/futures.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function "
"to pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output."
msgstr ""
"La parola chiave `.await`, applicata a un Future, fa sì che la funzione "
"async corrente si attivi mettere in pausa fino a quando Future non è pronto, "
"quindi valuta il suo output."
#: src/async/futures.md:32
msgid ""
"The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the "
"links to show the implementations in the docs."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:35
msgid ""
"We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async "
"code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:38
msgid ""
"`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an "
"event occurs."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/futures.md:41
msgid ""
"`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into "
"that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain "
"valid after an `.await`."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a "
"_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust "
"does not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:"
msgstr ""
"Un _runtime_ fornisce supporto per l'esecuzione di operazioni in modo "
"asincrono (a _reattore_) ed è responsabile dell'esecuzione dei futures (un "
"_esecutore_). La ruggine non ha un runtime \"incorporato\", ma sono "
"disponibili diverse opzioni:"
#: src/async/runtimes.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of "
"functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://"
"github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC."
msgstr ""
"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/) - performante, con un ecosistema ben sviluppato "
"di funzionalità come [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) per HTTP o [Tonic](https://"
"github.com/hyperium/tonic) per gRPC."
#: src/async/runtimes.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes "
"a basic runtime in `async::task`."
msgstr ""
"[async-std](https://async.rs/) - mira a essere uno \"std per async\" e "
"include un runtime di base in `async::task`."
#: src/async/runtimes.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight"
msgstr "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/) - semplice e leggero"
#: src/async/runtimes.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]"
"(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-"
"async/src/lib.rs) already has one."
msgstr ""
"Diverse applicazioni più grandi hanno i propri tempi di esecuzione. Per "
"esempio, [Fucsia](https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/"
"src/lib/fuchsia-async/src/lib.rs) ne ha già uno."
#: src/async/runtimes.md:20
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust "
"playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting "
"async things can't run in the playground."
msgstr ""
"Si noti che dei runtime elencati, solo Tokio è supportato in Rust terreno di "
"gioco. Anche il parco giochi non consente alcun I/O, quindi molto "
"interessante le cose asincrone non possono essere eseguite nel parco giochi."
#: src/async/runtimes.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O "
"operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS "
"Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never "
"used."
msgstr ""
"I futures sono \"inerti\" in quanto non fanno nulla (nemmeno avviano un I/O "
"operazione) a meno che non ci sia un esecutore che li interroga. Questo "
"differisce da JS Promesse, ad esempio, che andranno a buon fine anche se non "
"lo saranno mai usato."
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Tokio provides:"
msgstr "Tokyo fornisce:"
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code."
msgstr "Un runtime multithread per l'esecuzione di codice asincrono."
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library."
msgstr "Una versione asincrona della libreria standard."
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries."
msgstr "Un grande ecosistema di biblioteche."
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:14
msgid "\"Count in task: {i}!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:24
msgid "\"Main task: {i}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async."
msgstr "Con la macro `tokio::main` ora possiamo rendere `main` asincrono."
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:34
#, fuzzy
msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"."
msgstr "La funzione `spawn` crea un nuovo \"task\" simultaneo."
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`."
msgstr ""
"Nota: `spawn` prende un `Future`, non devi chiamare `.await` su `count_to`."
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid "**Further exploration:**"
msgstr "**Ulteriori esplorazioni:**"
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async "
"cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait "
"until it finishes."
msgstr ""
"Perché `count_to` non arriva (di solito) a 10? Questo è un esempio di async "
"cancellazione. `tokio::spawn` restituisce un handle che può essere atteso "
"per attendere finché non finisce."
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning."
msgstr "Prova `count_to(10).await` invece di spawnare."
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`."
msgstr "Prova ad attendere il task restituito da `tokio::spawn`."
#: src/async/tasks.md:3
msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make "
"progress. That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` "
"method polls, corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a "
"task is possible by polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer "
"and an I/O operation."
msgstr ""
"Un'attività ha un singolo futuro di primo livello che l'esecutore interroga "
"per fare progressi. Quel futuro può avere uno o più futuri nidificati che il "
"suo metodo \"poll\" esegue il polling, corrispondente vagamente a uno stack "
"di chiamate. La concorrenza all'interno di un'attività è possibile tramite "
"polling di più futuri figli, come correre un timer e un'operazione di I/O."
#: src/async/tasks.md:16
msgid "\"127.0.0.1:0\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:17
msgid "\"listening on port {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:22
msgid "\"connection from {addr:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:25
msgid "b\"Who are you?\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:25 src/async/tasks.md:28 src/async/tasks.md:31
msgid "\"socket error\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:30
msgid "\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:39 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there."
msgstr ""
"Copia questo esempio nel tuo `src/main.rs` preparato ed eseguilo da lì."
#: src/async/tasks.md:41
msgid ""
"Try connecting to it with a TCP connection tool like [nc](https://www.unix."
"com/man-page/linux/1/nc/) or [telnet](https://www.unix.com/man-page/linux/1/"
"telnet/)."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/tasks.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with "
"a few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?"
msgstr ""
"Chiedi agli studenti di visualizzare quale sarebbe lo stato del server di "
"esempio con a pochi client connessi. Quali compiti esistono? Quali sono i "
"loro futuri?"
#: src/async/tasks.md:48
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a "
"closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, "
"similar to an `async fn`."
msgstr ""
"Questa è la prima volta che vediamo un blocco `async`. Questo è simile a a "
"chiusura, ma non accetta argomenti. Il suo valore di ritorno è un Futuro, "
"simile a un `async fn`."
#: src/async/tasks.md:52
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling "
"using `?`."
msgstr ""
"Rifattorizzare il blocco asincrono in una funzione e migliorare la gestione "
"degli errori utilizzando `?`."
#: src/async/channels.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:"
msgstr ""
"Diversi crate hanno il supporto per `async`/`await`. Ad esempio i canali "
"`tokio`:"
#: src/async/channels.md:13
msgid "\"Received {count} pings so far.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:16
msgid "\"ping_handler complete\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:24
msgid "\"Failed to send ping.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:25
msgid "\"Sent {} pings so far.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:29
msgid "\"Something went wrong in ping handler task.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/channels.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution."
msgstr ""
"Cambia la dimensione del canale in \"3\" e guarda come influisce "
"sull'esecuzione."
#: src/async/channels.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the "
"[morning class](concurrency/channels.md)."
msgstr ""
"Nel complesso, l'interfaccia è simile ai canali `sync` come si vede nel file "
"[lezione mattutina](concurrency/channels.md)."
#: src/async/channels.md:40
#, fuzzy
msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?"
msgstr "Prova a rimuovere la chiamata `std::mem::drop`. Che succede? Perché?"
#: src/async/channels.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that "
"implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient "
"for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks."
msgstr ""
"La cassa [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) ha canali che "
"implementa sia `sync` che `async` `send` e `recv`. Questo può essere "
"conveniente per applicazioni complesse con attività di elaborazione di CPU e "
"IO pesanti."
#: src/async/channels.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to "
"combine them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control "
"flow."
msgstr ""
"Ciò che rende preferibile lavorare con i canali `async` è la capacità di "
"combinare loro con altri `futuri` per combinarli e creare un flusso di "
"controllo complesso."
#: src/async/control-flow.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Futures Control Flow"
msgstr "Flusso di controllo dei futures"
#: src/async/control-flow.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. "
"We have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of "
"execution."
msgstr ""
"I futures possono essere combinati insieme per produrre grafici di flusso di "
"calcolo simultanei. Noi ho già visto le attività, che funzionano come thread "
"di esecuzione indipendenti."
#: src/async/control-flow.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Join](control-flow/join.md)"
msgstr "[Partecipa](control-flow/join.md)"
#: src/async/control-flow.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Select](control-flow/select.md)"
msgstr "[Seleziona](control-flow/select.md)"
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns "
"a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in "
"JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python."
msgstr ""
"Un'operazione di join attende fino a quando tutti i futures sono pronti e "
"restituisce una raccolta dei loro risultati. Questo è simile a \"Promise."
"all\" in JavaScript o `asyncio.gather` in Python."
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:21
msgid "\"https://google.com\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:22
msgid "\"https://httpbin.org/ip\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:23
msgid "\"https://play.rust-lang.org/\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:24
msgid "\"BAD_URL\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but "
"you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is "
"currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`."
msgstr ""
"Per future multiple di tipi disgiunti, puoi usare `std::future::join!` ma "
"devi sapere quanti futuri avrai al momento della compilazione. Questo è "
"attualmente nella cassa `futures`, presto sarà stabilizzata in `std::future`."
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:42
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would "
"cause your program to stall."
msgstr ""
"Il rischio di \"unirsi\" è che uno dei futuri potrebbe non risolversi mai, "
"questo sì causare l'arresto del programma."
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all "
"requests to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a "
"`tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a "
"timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but "
"demonstrates `join!`."
msgstr ""
"Puoi anche combinare `join_all` con `join!`, ad esempio per unire tutte le "
"richieste a un servizio http così come una query di database. Prova ad "
"aggiungere un `tokio::time::sleep` nel futuro, usando `futures::join!`. "
"Questo non è un timeout (che richiede `select!`, spiegato nel prossimo "
"capitolo), ma dimostra `join!`."
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and "
"responds to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise."
"race`. In Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio."
"FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
msgstr ""
"Un'operazione di selezione attende fino a quando uno qualsiasi di un insieme "
"di futures è pronto e risponde a il risultato di quel futuro. In JavaScript, "
"è simile a `Promise.race`. In Python, confronta con `asyncio.wait(task_set, "
"return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, "
"each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When a `future` is ready, "
"its return value is destructured by the `pattern`. The `statement` is then "
"run with the resulting variables. The `statement` result becomes the result "
"of the `select!` macro."
msgstr ""
"Di solito è una macro, simile a match, con ogni braccio della forma `pattern "
"= futuro => istruzione`. Quando il futuro è pronto, l'istruzione viene "
"eseguita con il variabile legata al risultato del futuro."
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:40
msgid "\"Felix\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:40
msgid "\"Failed to send cat.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:44
msgid "\"Rex\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:44
msgid "\"Failed to send dog.\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:49
msgid "\"Failed to receive winner\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:51
msgid "\"Winner is {winner:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:57
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog. "
"`first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick "
"whichever arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat "
"that take 500ms."
msgstr ""
"In questo esempio, abbiamo una gara tra un gatto e un cane. "
"`first_animal_to_finish_race` ascolta entrambi i canali e sceglierà quello "
"che preferisci arriva prima. Poiché il cane impiega 50 ms, vince contro il "
"gatto prendere 500 ms secondi."
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:62
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed "
"to receive only one `send`."
msgstr ""
"In questo esempio puoi usare i canali `oneshot` come dovrebbero ricevere un "
"solo \"invio\"."
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:65
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts "
"of futures."
msgstr ""
"Prova ad aggiungere una scadenza alla gara, dimostrando la selezione di "
"diversi tipi di futuri."
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:68
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Note that `select!` drops unmatched branches, which cancels their futures. "
"It is easiest to use when every execution of `select!` creates new futures."
msgstr ""
"Nota che `select!` sposta i valori che gli vengono dati. È più facile da "
"usare quando ogni esecuzione di `select!` crea nuovi futuri. Un'alternativa "
"è passa `&mut future` invece del futuro stesso, ma questo può portare a "
"problemi, ulteriormente discussi nella diapositiva di blocco."
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:71
msgid ""
"An alternative is to pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but "
"this can lead to issues, further discussed in the pinning slide."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Pitfalls of async/await"
msgstr "Insidie di async/await"
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent "
"asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes "
"with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this "
"chapter:"
msgstr ""
"Async / await fornisce un'astrazione comoda ed efficiente per la "
"programmazione asincrona simultanea. Tuttavia, anche il modello async/await "
"in Rust ha la sua parte di insidie e pistole. Ne illustriamo alcuni in "
"questo capitolo:"
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)"
msgstr "[Blocco dell'esecutore](trappole/blocking-executor.md)"
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)"
msgstr "[Pin](trappole/pin.md)"
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:9
#, fuzzy
msgid "[Async Traits](pitfalls/async-traits.md)"
msgstr "[Tratti asincroni](trapano/async-traits.md)"
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:10
msgid "[Cancellation](pitfalls/cancellation.md)"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Blocking the executor"
msgstr "Blocco dell'esecutore"
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that "
"CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from "
"being executed. An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where "
"possible."
msgstr ""
"La maggior parte dei runtime asincroni consente solo l'esecuzione simultanea "
"delle attività di I/O. Ciò significa che le attività di blocco della CPU "
"bloccheranno l'esecutore e impediranno l'esecuzione di altre attività. Una "
"soluzione semplice consiste nell'usare metodi equivalenti asincroni ove "
"possibile."
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:14
msgid "\"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:19
msgid "\"current_thread\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than "
"concurrently."
msgstr ""
"Esegui il codice e verifica che le interruzioni avvengano consecutivamente "
"anziché in concomitanza."
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:32
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This "
"makes the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-"
"threaded flavor."
msgstr ""
"Il profilo `\"current_thread\"` pone tutte le attività su un singolo thread. "
"Questo rende il effetto più evidente, ma il bug è ancora presente nel "
"multithread gusto."
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:36
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result."
msgstr ""
"Passa da `std::thread::sleep` a `tokio::time::sleep` e attendi il risultato."
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:38
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual "
"thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor."
msgstr ""
"Un'altra soluzione potrebbe essere `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` che genera "
"un file effettivo thread e trasforma il suo handle in un futuro senza "
"bloccare l'esecutore."
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most "
"executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is "
"particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, "
"where that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific "
"OS threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such "
"situations."
msgstr ""
"Non dovresti pensare alle attività come thread del sistema operativo. Non "
"mappano 1 a 1 e la maggior parte gli esecutori consentiranno l'esecuzione di "
"molte attività su un singolo thread del sistema operativo. Questo è "
"particolarmente problematico quando si interagisce con altre biblioteche "
"tramite FFI, dove quella libreria potrebbe dipendere dall'archiviazione "
"locale del thread o essere mappata su un sistema operativo specifico thread "
"(ad esempio, CUDA). Preferisci `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in tali "
"situazioni."
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:47
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause "
"another task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread."
msgstr ""
"Usa i mutex di sincronizzazione con attenzione. Mantenere un mutex sopra un "
"`.await` può causarne un altro attività da bloccare e tale attività potrebbe "
"essere in esecuzione sullo stesso thread."
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3
msgid ""
"Async blocks and functions return types implementing the `Future` trait. The "
"type returned is the result of a compiler transformation which turns local "
"variables into data stored inside the future."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:7
msgid ""
"Some of those variables can hold pointers to other local variables. Because "
"of that, the future should never be moved to a different memory location, as "
"it would invalidate those pointers."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:11
msgid ""
"To prevent moving the future type in memory, it can only be polled through a "
"pinned pointer. `Pin` is a wrapper around a reference that disallows all "
"operations that would move the instance it points to into a different memory "
"location."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:20
msgid ""
"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n"
"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:28
msgid "// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:35
msgid "// Pretend to work.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:38
msgid "\"failed to send response\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:41
msgid "// TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:45
msgid "// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:52
msgid "\"failed to send on work queue\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:53
msgid "\"failed waiting for response\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:62
msgid "\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:69
msgid ""
"You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically "
"call `select!` in a loop."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:72
msgid ""
"This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your "
"time with it."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:75
msgid ""
"Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to "
"the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:78
msgid ""
"Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:89
msgid ""
"This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the "
"`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::"
"pin`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:103
msgid ""
"This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every "
"iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset "
"`timeout_fut` every time it expires."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:107
msgid ""
"Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently "
"stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, "
"but that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:111
msgid ""
"Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that "
"will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:114
msgid ""
"Data that contains pointers to itself is called self-referential. Normally, "
"the Rust borrow checker would prevent self-referential data from being "
"moved, as the references cannot outlive the data they point to. However, the "
"code transformation for async blocks and functions is not verified by the "
"borrow checker."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:120
msgid ""
"`Pin` is a wrapper around a reference. An object cannot be moved from its "
"place using a pinned pointer. However, it can still be moved through an "
"unpinned pointer."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:124
msgid ""
"The `poll` method of the `Future` trait uses `Pin<&mut Self>` instead of "
"`&mut Self` to refer to the instance. That's why it can only be called on a "
"pinned pointer."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An "
"experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid "
"term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-"
"nightly.html))"
msgstr ""
"I metodi asincroni nei tratti non sono ancora supportati nel canale stabile "
"(\\[Esiste una funzionalità sperimentale in nightly e dovrebbe essere "
"stabilizzata a medio termine.\\](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-"
"rust/2022/11 /17/async-fn-in-trait-nightly.html))"
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) "
"provides a workaround through a macro:"
msgstr ""
"Il crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) "
"fornisce una soluzione tramite una macro:"
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:35
msgid "\"running all sleepers..\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:39
msgid "\"slept for {}ms\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:56
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to "
"achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead."
msgstr ""
"`async_trait` è facile da usare, ma si noti che utilizza allocazioni di heap "
"per raggiungere questo obiettivo. Questa allocazione dell'heap comporta un "
"sovraccarico delle prestazioni."
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:59
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and "
"probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of "
"explaining them in [this post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/"
"blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/) if you are interested in "
"digging deeper."
msgstr ""
"Le sfide nel supporto del linguaggio per `async trait` sono il profondo Rust "
"e probabilmente non vale la pena descriverlo in modo approfondito. Niko "
"Matsakis ha fatto un buon lavoro spiegandoli in [questo post](https://"
"smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-"
"hard/) se sei interessato a scavare più a fondo."
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:65
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of "
"time and adding it to the Vec."
msgstr ""
"Prova a creare una nuova struttura dormiente che dormirà per un periodo di "
"tempo casuale e aggiungendolo al Vec."
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:3
msgid ""
"Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called "
"_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to "
"ensure the system works correctly even when futures are cancelled. For "
"example, it shouldn't deadlock or lose data."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "\"not UTF-8\""
msgstr "UTF-8"
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:51
msgid "\"hi\\nthere\\n\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:57
msgid "\"tick!\""
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:72
msgid ""
"The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API "
"documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:75
msgid ""
"Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs "
"error-handling)."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:78
msgid "The example loses parts of the string."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:80
msgid ""
"Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are "
"dropped."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:83
msgid ""
"`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by making `buf` part of the "
"struct:"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:97
msgid "// prefix buf and bytes with self.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:106
msgid ""
"[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval."
"html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a "
"tick has been 'delivered'."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:110
msgid ""
"[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
"AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either "
"returns or doesn't read data."
msgstr ""
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md:113
msgid ""
"[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
"AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ "
"cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3
msgid ""
"To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5
msgid ""
"Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time "
"you are going to implement it with Async Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:8
msgid ""
"A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you "
"experiment with more advanced Async Rust features."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid "Dining Philosophers --- Async"
msgstr "Filosofi da pranzo"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3
msgid ""
"See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the "
"problem."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-"
"locally.md) for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/"
"main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
msgstr ""
"Avrai bisogno di un'[installazione Cargo](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
"locale per questo esercizio. Copia il codice qui sotto in un file chiamato "
"`src/main.rs`, compila il file spazi vuoti e verificare che `cargo run` non "
"vada in stallo:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:52
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:78
msgid "// Make them think and eat\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:58
msgid ""
"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. "
"You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:63
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"tokio = { version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", "
"\"rt-multi-thread\"] }\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:73
msgid ""
"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module "
"from the `tokio` crate."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:78
msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded?"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3
msgid ""
"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast "
"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and "
"publish their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard "
"input, and sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message "
"that it receives to all the clients."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9
msgid ""
"For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/"
"sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`]"
"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/) for the communication between the client "
"and the server."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:12
msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:14
msgid "_Cargo.toml_:"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:18
msgid ""
"```toml\n"
"[package]\n"
"name = \"chat-async\"\n"
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
"\n"
"[dependencies]\n"
"futures-util = { version = \"0.3.30\", features = [\"sink\"] }\n"
"http = \"1.0.0\"\n"
"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n"
"tokio-websockets = { version = \"0.5.1\", features = [\"client\", "
"\"fastrand\", \"server\", \"sha1_smol\"] }\n"
"```"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:31
msgid "The required APIs"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33
msgid ""
"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and "
"[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/). Spend a few minutes "
"to familiarize yourself with the API."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37
msgid ""
"[StreamExt::next()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/stream/"
"trait.StreamExt.html#method.next) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for "
"asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:39
msgid ""
"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/"
"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for "
"asynchronously sending messages on a Websocket Stream."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:41
msgid ""
"[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines."
"html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the "
"standard input."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:43
msgid ""
"[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/"
"struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:45
#, fuzzy
msgid "Two binaries"
msgstr "Binari Rust"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:47
msgid ""
"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main."
"rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one "
"for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo projects, "
"but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. "
"For this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` "
"(see the [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-"
"targets.html#binaries))."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:54
msgid ""
"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/"
"bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as "
"described below."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:58
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:99
#, fuzzy
msgid "_src/bin/server.rs_:"
msgstr "`src/driver.rs`:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:77
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:124
msgid "// TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:85
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:149
msgid "\"127.0.0.1:2000\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:86
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:150
msgid "\"listening on port 2000\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:90
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:154
msgid "\"New connection from {addr:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:93
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:157
msgid "// Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:166
#, fuzzy
msgid "_src/bin/client.rs_:"
msgstr "`src/edificio.rs`:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:116
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:178
msgid "\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:129
#, fuzzy
msgid "Running the binaries"
msgstr "Esecuzione del corso"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:131
#, fuzzy
msgid "Run the server with:"
msgstr "Esegui l'esempio con:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:137
#, fuzzy
msgid "and the client with:"
msgstr "Esegui l'esempio con:"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:145
msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:146
msgid ""
"Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a "
"continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts "
"them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:149
msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:150
msgid ""
"Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently "
"performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and "
"sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and "
"displaying them for the user."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:154
msgid ""
"Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all "
"clients, but the sender of the message."
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise"
msgstr "Esercizio mattutino in concorrenza"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))"
msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](dining-philosophers.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:33
msgid ""
"// Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the execution\n"
" // to transfer to another task\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:41
msgid "// The locks are dropped here\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:61
msgid ""
"// To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
" // either of them.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:75
msgid "// tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:90
msgid "\"Here is a thought: {thought}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:97
#, fuzzy
msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))"
msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](rtc.md))"
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:117
msgid "\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:121
msgid ""
"// A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) receiving\n"
" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n"
" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:130
msgid "\"From client {addr:?} {text:?}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:185
msgid "// Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:192
msgid "\"From server: {}\""
msgstr ""
#: src/thanks.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and "
"that it was useful."
msgstr ""
"_Grazie per aver preso Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ Ci auguriamo che ti sia "
"piaciuto e che sia così è stato utile."
#: src/thanks.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not "
"perfect, so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, "
"please get in [contact with us on GitHub](https://github.com/google/"
"comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love to hear from you."
msgstr ""
"Ci siamo divertiti molto a mettere insieme il corso. Il corso non è "
"perfetto, quindi se hai individuato errori o hai idee per miglioramenti, "
"entra [contattaci su GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
"discussions). Ci piacerebbe avere tue notizie."
#: src/glossary.md:3
msgid ""
"The following is a glossary which aims to give a short definition of many "
"Rust terms. For translations, this also serves to connect the term back to "
"the English original."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:30
msgid ""
"allocate: \n"
"Dynamic memory allocation on [the heap](memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md)."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:32
msgid ""
"argument: \n"
"Information that is passed into a function or method."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:34
msgid ""
"Bare-metal Rust: \n"
"Low-level Rust development, often deployed to a system without an operating "
"system. See [Bare-metal Rust](bare-metal.md)."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:37
msgid ""
"block: \n"
"See [Blocks](control-flow/blocks.md) and _scope_."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:39
msgid ""
"borrow: \n"
"See [Borrowing](ownership/borrowing.md)."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:41
msgid ""
"borrow checker: \n"
"The part of the Rust compiler which checks that all borrows are valid."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:43
msgid ""
"brace: \n"
"`{` and `}`. Also called _curly brace_, they delimit _blocks_."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:45
msgid ""
"build: \n"
"The process of converting source code into executable code or a usable "
"program."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:48
msgid ""
"call: \n"
"To invoke or execute a function or method."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:50
msgid ""
"channel: \n"
"Used to safely pass messages [between threads](concurrency/channels.md)."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:52
msgid ""
"Comprehensive Rust 🦀: \n"
"The courses here are jointly called Comprehensive Rust 🦀."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:54
msgid ""
"concurrency: \n"
"The execution of multiple tasks or processes at the same time."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:56
msgid ""
"Concurrency in Rust: \n"
"See [Concurrency in Rust](concurrency.md)."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:58
msgid ""
"constant: \n"
"A value that does not change during the execution of a program."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:60
msgid ""
"control flow: \n"
"The order in which the individual statements or instructions are executed in "
"a program."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:63
msgid ""
"crash: \n"
"An unexpected and unhandled failure or termination of a program."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:65
msgid ""
"enumeration: \n"
"A data type that holds one of several named constants, possibly with an "
"associated tuple or struct."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:68
msgid ""
"error: \n"
"An unexpected condition or result that deviates from the expected behavior."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:70
msgid ""
"error handling: \n"
"The process of managing and responding to errors that occur during program "
"execution."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:73
msgid ""
"exercise: \n"
"A task or problem designed to practice and test programming skills."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:75
msgid ""
"function: \n"
"A reusable block of code that performs a specific task."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:77
msgid ""
"garbage collector: \n"
"A mechanism that automatically frees up memory occupied by objects that are "
"no longer in use."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:80
msgid ""
"generics: \n"
"A feature that allows writing code with placeholders for types, enabling "
"code reuse with different data types."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:83
msgid ""
"immutable: \n"
"Unable to be changed after creation."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:85
msgid ""
"integration test: \n"
"A type of test that verifies the interactions between different parts or "
"components of a system."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:88
msgid ""
"keyword: \n"
"A reserved word in a programming language that has a specific meaning and "
"cannot be used as an identifier."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:91
msgid ""
"library: \n"
"A collection of precompiled routines or code that can be used by programs."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:93
msgid ""
"macro: \n"
"Rust macros can be recognized by a `!` in the name. Macros are used when "
"normal functions are not enough. A typical example is `format!`, which takes "
"a variable number of arguments, which isn't supported by Rust functions."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:97
msgid ""
"`main` function: \n"
"Rust programs start executing with the `main` function."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:99
msgid ""
"match: \n"
"A control flow construct in Rust that allows for pattern matching on the "
"value of an expression."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:102
msgid ""
"memory leak: \n"
"A situation where a program fails to release memory that is no longer "
"needed, leading to a gradual increase in memory usage."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:105
msgid ""
"method: \n"
"A function associated with an object or a type in Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:107
msgid ""
"module: \n"
"A namespace that contains definitions, such as functions, types, or traits, "
"to organize code in Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:110
msgid ""
"move: \n"
"The transfer of ownership of a value from one variable to another in Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:112
msgid ""
"mutable: \n"
"A property in Rust that allows variables to be modified after they have been "
"declared."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:115
msgid ""
"ownership: \n"
"The concept in Rust that defines which part of the code is responsible for "
"managing the memory associated with a value."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:118
msgid ""
"panic: \n"
"An unrecoverable error condition in Rust that results in the termination of "
"the program."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:121
msgid ""
"parameter: \n"
"A value that is passed into a function or method when it is called."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:123
msgid ""
"pattern: \n"
"A combination of values, literals, or structures that can be matched against "
"an expression in Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:126
msgid ""
"payload: \n"
"The data or information carried by a message, event, or data structure."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:128
msgid ""
"program: \n"
"A set of instructions that a computer can execute to perform a specific task "
"or solve a particular problem."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:131
msgid ""
"programming language: \n"
"A formal system used to communicate instructions to a computer, such as Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:133
msgid ""
"receiver: \n"
"The first parameter in a Rust method that represents the instance on which "
"the method is called."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:136
msgid ""
"reference counting: \n"
"A memory management technique in which the number of references to an object "
"is tracked, and the object is deallocated when the count reaches zero."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:139
msgid ""
"return: \n"
"A keyword in Rust used to indicate the value to be returned from a function."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:141
msgid ""
"Rust: \n"
"A systems programming language that focuses on safety, performance, and "
"concurrency."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:144
msgid ""
"Rust Fundamentals: \n"
"Days 1 to 3 of this course."
msgstr ""
"Fondamenti di Rust: \n"
"Giorni da 1 a 3 di questo corso."
#: src/glossary.md:146
msgid ""
"Rust in Android: \n"
"See [Rust in Android](android.md)."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:148
msgid ""
"Rust in Chromium: \n"
"See [Rust in Chromium](chromium.md)."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:150
msgid ""
"safe: \n"
"Refers to code that adheres to Rust's ownership and borrowing rules, "
"preventing memory-related errors."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:153
msgid ""
"scope: \n"
"The region of a program where a variable is valid and can be used."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:155
msgid ""
"standard library: \n"
"A collection of modules providing essential functionality in Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:157
msgid ""
"static: \n"
"A keyword in Rust used to define static variables or items with a `'static` "
"lifetime."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:160
msgid ""
"string: \n"
"A data type storing textual data. See [`String` vs `str`](basic-syntax/"
"string-slices.html) for more."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:163
msgid ""
"struct: \n"
"A composite data type in Rust that groups together variables of different "
"types under a single name."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:166
msgid ""
"test: \n"
"A Rust module containing functions that test the correctness of other "
"functions."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:169
msgid ""
"thread: \n"
"A separate sequence of execution in a program, allowing concurrent execution."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:171
msgid ""
"thread safety: \n"
"The property of a program that ensures correct behavior in a multithreaded "
"environment."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:174
msgid ""
"trait: \n"
"A collection of methods defined for an unknown type, providing a way to "
"achieve polymorphism in Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:177
msgid ""
"trait bound: \n"
"An abstraction where you can require types to implement some traits of your "
"interest."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:180
msgid ""
"tuple: \n"
"A composite data type that contains variables of different types. Tuple "
"fields have no names, and are accessed by their ordinal numbers."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:183
msgid ""
"type: \n"
"A classification that specifies which operations can be performed on values "
"of a particular kind in Rust."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:186
msgid ""
"type inference: \n"
"The ability of the Rust compiler to deduce the type of a variable or "
"expression."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:189
msgid ""
"undefined behavior: \n"
"Actions or conditions in Rust that have no specified result, often leading "
"to unpredictable program behavior."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:192
msgid ""
"union: \n"
"A data type that can hold values of different types but only one at a time."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:194
msgid ""
"unit test: \n"
"Rust comes with built-in support for running small unit tests and larger "
"integration tests. See [Unit Tests](testing/unit-tests.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:197
msgid ""
"unit type: \n"
"Type that holds no data, written as a tuple with no members."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:199
msgid ""
"unsafe: \n"
"The subset of Rust which allows you to trigger _undefined behavior_. See "
"[Unsafe Rust](unsafe.html)."
msgstr ""
#: src/glossary.md:202
msgid ""
"variable: \n"
"A memory location storing data. Variables are valid in a _scope_."
msgstr ""
#: src/other-resources.md:1
#, fuzzy
msgid "Other Rust Resources"
msgstr "Altre risorse di ruggine"
#: src/other-resources.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources "
"online."
msgstr ""
"La community di Rust ha creato una vasta gamma di risorse gratuite e di alta "
"qualità in linea."
#: src/other-resources.md:6
#, fuzzy
msgid "Official Documentation"
msgstr "Documentazione ufficiale"
#: src/other-resources.md:8
#, fuzzy
msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:"
msgstr ""
"Il progetto Rust ospita molte risorse. Questi coprono Rust in generale:"
#: src/other-resources.md:10
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the "
"canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a "
"few projects for people to build."
msgstr ""
"[Il linguaggio di programmazione Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the "
"canonico libro gratuito su Rust. Copre la lingua in dettaglio e include a "
"pochi progetti da costruire per le persone."
#: src/other-resources.md:13
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the "
"Rust syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. "
"Sometimes includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code "
"in the examples."
msgstr ""
"[Ruggine per esempio](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): copre la "
"Ruggine sintassi attraverso una serie di esempi che mostrano diversi "
"costrutti. A volte include piccoli esercizi in cui ti viene chiesto di "
"espandere il codice nel file esempi."
#: src/other-resources.md:17
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation "
"of the standard library for Rust."
msgstr ""
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): documentazione "
"completa di la libreria standard per Rust."
#: src/other-resources.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete "
"book which describes the Rust grammar and memory model."
msgstr ""
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): un libro "
"incompleto che descrive la grammatica e il modello di memoria di Rust."
#: src/other-resources.md:22
#, fuzzy
msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:"
msgstr "Guide più specializzate ospitate sul sito ufficiale di Rust:"
#: src/other-resources.md:24
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, "
"including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages "
"(FFI)."
msgstr ""
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): copre Rust non "
"sicuro, compreso il lavoro con puntatori grezzi e l'interfacciamento con "
"altre lingue (FFI)."
#: src/other-resources.md:27
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
"covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the "
"Rust Book was written."
msgstr ""
"[Programmazione asincrona in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
"copre il nuovo modello di programmazione asincrona che è stato introdotto "
"dopo il Rust Book è stato scritto."
#: src/other-resources.md:30
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): "
"an introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating "
"system."
msgstr ""
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): "
"an introduzione all'utilizzo di Rust su dispositivi embedded senza sistema "
"operativo."
#: src/other-resources.md:33
#, fuzzy
msgid "Unofficial Learning Material"
msgstr "Materiale didattico non ufficiale"
#: src/other-resources.md:35
#, fuzzy
msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:"
msgstr "Una piccola selezione di altre guide e tutorial per Rust:"
#: src/other-resources.md:37
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust "
"from the perspective of low-level C programmers."
msgstr ""
"[Impara la ruggine in modo pericoloso](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): "
"copre Rust dal punto di vista dei programmatori C di basso livello."
#: src/other-resources.md:39
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
"rust_for_c/): covers Rust from the perspective of developers who write "
"firmware in C."
msgstr ""
"[Ruggine per Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
"rust_for_c/): copre Rust da la prospettiva degli sviluppatori che scrivono "
"firmware in C."
#: src/other-resources.md:41
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): "
"covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other "
"languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python."
msgstr ""
"[Ruggine per professionisti](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): "
"copre la sintassi di Rust usando confronti fianco a fianco con altri "
"linguaggi come C, C++, Java, JavaScript e Python."
#: src/other-resources.md:44
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help "
"you learn Rust."
msgstr ""
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): oltre 100 esercizi per "
"aiutarti impari Ruggine."
#: src/other-resources.md:46
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-"
"material/index.html): a series of small presentations covering both basic "
"and advanced part of the Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, "
"and async/await are also covered."
msgstr ""
"[Insegnamento ferroso Materiale](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-"
"material/index.html): a serie di piccole presentazioni che coprono sia la "
"parte di base che quella avanzata del Linguaggio ruggine. Sono disponibili "
"anche altri argomenti come WebAssembly e async/await coperto."
#: src/other-resources.md:50
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-"
"series-to-rust/) and [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs."
"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two Rust guides aimed at "
"new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the second is a set of "
"11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs."
msgstr ""
"[Serie per principianti a Ruggine](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/"
"beginners-series-to-rust/) e [Fai i tuoi primi passi con Rust](https://docs."
"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): due Guide Rust rivolte "
"ai nuovi sviluppatori. Il primo è un set di 35 video e il il secondo è un "
"set di 11 moduli che copre la sintassi di Rust ei costrutti di base."
#: src/other-resources.md:56
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial."
"github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth exploration of Rust's memory management "
"rules, through implementing a few different types of list structures."
msgstr ""
"[Impara la ruggine con troppi collegamenti Liste](https://rust-unofficial."
"github.io/too-many-lists/): approfondimento esplorazione delle regole di "
"gestione della memoria di Rust, implementandone alcune diversi tipi di "
"strutture di elenchi."
#: src/other-resources.md:61
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) "
"for even more Rust books."
msgstr ""
"Si prega di consultare il [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github."
"io/book/) per ancora più libri di Rust."
#: src/credits.md:3
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust "
"documentation. See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a "
"full list of useful resources."
msgstr ""
"Il materiale qui si basa sulle molte grandi fonti di documentazione di Rust. "
"Vedere la pagina su [altre risorse](other-resources.md) per un elenco "
"completo di utili risorse."
#: src/credits.md:7
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache "
"2.0 license, please see [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
"rust/blob/main/LICENSE) for details."
msgstr ""
"Il materiale di Comprehensive Rust è concesso in licenza secondo i termini "
"di Apache 2.0 licenza, vedere [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) per i dettagli."
#: src/credits.md:12
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust by Example"
msgstr "Ruggine con l'esempio"
#: src/credits.md:14
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by "
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the "
"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license "
"terms."
msgstr ""
"Alcuni esempi ed esercizi sono stati copiati e adattati da [Rust by Esempio]"
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Si prega di consultare il "
"directory `Third_party/rust-by-example/` per i dettagli, inclusa la licenza "
"termini."
#: src/credits.md:19
#, fuzzy
msgid "Rust on Exercism"
msgstr "Ruggine sull'esercizio"
#: src/credits.md:21
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://"
"exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` "
"directory for details, including the license terms."
msgstr ""
"Alcuni esercizi sono stati copiati e adattati da [Rust on Esercizio fisico]"
"(https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Si prega di consultare il directory "
"`Third_party/rust-on-exercism/` per i dettagli, inclusa la licenza termini."
#: src/credits.md:26
#, fuzzy
msgid "CXX"
msgstr "\\##CXX"
#: src/credits.md:28
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section "
"uses an image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` "
"directory for details, including the license terms."
msgstr ""
"La sezione [Interoperabilità con C++](android/interoperabilità/cpp.md) "
"utilizza un file immagine da [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Si prega di consultare "
"la directory `Third_party/cxx/` per i dettagli, inclusi i termini di licenza."
#~ msgid "Small Example"
#~ msgstr "Piccolo esempio"
#~ msgid "Why Rust?"
#~ msgstr "Perché Rust?"
#~ msgid "An Example in C"
#~ msgstr "Un esempio in C"
#~ msgid "Compile Time Guarantees"
#~ msgstr "Garanzie alla Compilazione"
#~ msgid "Runtime Guarantees"
#~ msgstr "Garanzie all’Esecuzione"
#~ msgid "Modern Features"
#~ msgstr "Funzionalità moderne"
#~ msgid "Basic Syntax"
#~ msgstr "Sintassi di base"
#~ msgid "String vs str"
#~ msgstr "Differenza tra String e str"
#~ msgid "Rustdoc"
#~ msgstr "Rustdoc"
#~ msgid "Overloading"
#~ msgstr "Overloading"
#~ msgid "Arrays and for Loops"
#~ msgstr "Array e Cicli for"
#~ msgid "if expressions"
#~ msgstr "espressioni IF"
#~ msgid "for expressions"
#~ msgstr "espressioni FOR"
#~ msgid "while expressions"
#~ msgstr "espressioni WHILE"
#~ msgid "break & continue"
#~ msgstr "break & continue"
#~ msgid "loop expressions"
#~ msgstr "espressioni LOOP"
#~ msgid "Variant Payloads"
#~ msgstr "Payload Variabili (Variant Payloads)"
#~ msgid "Enum Sizes"
#~ msgstr "Dimensione degli Enum"
#~ msgid "Novel Control Flow"
#~ msgstr "Flussi di Controllo “non-standard”"
#~ msgid "if let expressions"
#~ msgstr "espressioni IF LET"
#~ msgid "while let expressions"
#~ msgstr "espressioni WHILE LET"
#~ msgid "match expressions"
#~ msgstr "espressioni MATCH"
#~ msgid "Destructuring Structs"
#~ msgstr "Destrutturazione di Struct"
#~ msgid "Destructuring Arrays"
#~ msgstr "Destrutturazione di Array"
#~ msgid "Match Guards"
#~ msgstr "Match Guards"
#~ msgid "Stack vs Heap"
#~ msgstr "Stack vs Heap"
#~ msgid "Stack Memory"
#~ msgstr "Memoria sullo Stack"
#~ msgid "Manual Memory Management"
#~ msgstr "Gestione manuale della Memoria"
#~ msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management"
#~ msgstr "Gestione della Memoria basata su Scope"
#~ msgid "Garbage Collection"
#~ msgstr "Garbage Collection"
#~ msgid "Rust Memory Management"
#~ msgstr "Gestione della Memoria in Rust"
#~ msgid "Moved Strings in Rust"
#~ msgstr "Stringhe a cui è applicata move"
#~ msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++"
#~ msgstr "Doppio applicazione di free in C++ moderno"
#~ msgid "Moves in Function Calls"
#~ msgstr "Move nelle Chiamate a Funzione"
#~ msgid "Copying and Cloning"
#~ msgstr "Copiare (Copy) e Clonare (Clone)"
#~ msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows"
#~ msgstr "Prestito (Borrow) Condiviso (Shared) e Unico (Unique)"
#~ msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax"
#~ msgstr "Sintassi abbreviata per Campo (Field)"
#~ msgid "Method Receiver"
#~ msgstr "Ricevitore (Receiver) del Metodo"
#~ msgid "Storing Books"
#~ msgstr "Memorizza i libri"
#~ msgid "Option and Result"
#~ msgstr "Option e Result"
#~ msgid "Vec"
#~ msgstr "Vec"
#~ msgid "HashMap"
#~ msgstr "HashMap"
#~ msgid "Box"
#~ msgstr "Box"
#~ msgid "Recursive Data Types"
#~ msgstr "Tipi di dati ricorsivi"
#~ msgid "Rc"
#~ msgstr "Rc"
#~ msgid "Cell/RefCell"
#~ msgstr "Cell/RefCell"
#~ msgid "Iterators and Ownership"
#~ msgstr "Iteratori (Iterators) e Proprietà (Ownership)"
#~ msgid "Strings and Iterators"
#~ msgstr "Stringhe (Strings) e Iteratori (Iterators)"
#~ msgid "Generic Methods"
#~ msgstr "Metodi Generic"
#~ msgid "Monomorphization"
#~ msgstr "Monomorfizzazione (Monomorphization)"
#~ msgid "Default Methods"
#~ msgstr "Metodi predefiniti (Default Methods)"
#~ msgid "impl Trait"
#~ msgstr "impl Trait"
#~ msgid "Important Traits"
#~ msgstr "Trait importanti"
#~ msgid "From and Into"
#~ msgstr "From e Into (Trait)"
#~ msgid "Default"
#~ msgstr "Predefinito (Default)"
#~ msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..."
#~ msgstr "Operatori: Add, Mul, ..."
#~ msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce"
#~ msgstr "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce"
#~ msgid "A Simple GUI Library"
#~ msgstr "Una semplice libreria per Interfacce Grafiche"
#~ msgid "Points and Polygons"
#~ msgstr "Punti e Poligoni"
#~ msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding"
#~ msgstr "Catturare lo Stack Unwinding"
#~ msgid "Structured Error Handling"
#~ msgstr "Gestione strutturata degli errori"
#~ msgid "Propagating Errors with ?"
#~ msgstr "Propagazione degli errori con ?"
#~ msgid "Converting Error Types"
#~ msgstr "Conversione dei tipi di errore"
#~ msgid "Deriving Error Enums"
#~ msgstr "Derivazione di Enumerazioni (Enums) di errori"
#~ msgid "Adding Context to Errors"
#~ msgstr "Aggiungere contesto agli errori"
#~ msgid "no_std"
#~ msgstr "no_std"
#~ msgid "alloc"
#~ msgstr "alloc"
#~ msgid "embedded-hal"
#~ msgstr "embedded-hal"
#~ msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
#~ msgstr "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
#~ msgid "zerocopy"
#~ msgstr "zerocopy"
#~ msgid "buddy_system_allocator"
#~ msgstr "buddy_system_allocator"
#~ msgid "tinyvec"
#~ msgstr "tinyvec"
#~ msgid "spin"
#~ msgstr "rotazione (spin)"
#~ msgid "Send and Sync"
#~ msgstr "Send e Sync"
#~ msgid "Send"
#~ msgstr "Send (Inviare)"
#~ msgid "Sync"
#~ msgstr "Sync (Sincronizzare)"
#~ msgid "Arc"
#~ msgstr "Arc"
#~ msgid "Mutex"
#~ msgstr "Mutex"
#~ msgid "async/await"
#~ msgstr "async/await"
#~ msgid "Pin"
#~ msgstr "Spillo (Pin)"
#~ msgid "Day 1 Morning"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 1 Mattina"
#~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 1 Pomeriggio"
#~ msgid "Day 2 Morning"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 2 Mattina"
#~ msgid "Day 2 Afternoon"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 2 Pomeriggio"
#~ msgid "Day 3 Morning"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 3 Mattina"
#~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 3 Pomeriggio"
#~ msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning"
#~ msgstr "Mattina su Bare Metal Rust"
#~ msgid "Concurrency Morning"
#~ msgstr "Mattina su Concorrenza"
#~ msgid "Concurrency Afternoon"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 1: Pomeriggio"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Day 2: Memory management, ownership, compound data types, and the "
#~ "standard library."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Giorno 2: tipi di dati composti, pattern matching, libreria standard."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Day 3: Generics, traits, error handling, testing, and unsafe Rust."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Giorno 3: 'traits' e 'generics', gestione degli errori, test, Rust non "
#~ "sicuro."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "```rust\n"
#~ "fn main() {\n"
#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "```rust\n"
#~ "fn main() {\n"
#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, "
#~ "and `continue`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Costrutti del flusso di controllo: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, "
#~ "`break` e `continua`."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to "
#~ "speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a "
#~ "major feature and we should show students this right away."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'idea per il primo giorno è mostrare _quanto basta_ di Rust per poter "
#~ "parlare sul famoso _borrow checker_. Il modo in cui Rust gestisce la "
#~ "memoria è una caratteristica importante e dovremmo mostrarlo subito agli "
#~ "studenti."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over "
#~ "the schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the "
#~ "slides):"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Se stai insegnando in un'aula, questo è un buon posto per esaminare il "
#~ "programma. Suggeriamo di dividere la giornata in due parti (seguendo le "
#~ "slide):"
#~ msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,"
#~ msgstr "Mattina: dalle 9:00 alle 12:00,"
#~ msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00."
#~ msgstr "Pomeriggio: dalle 13:00 alle 16:00."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include "
#~ "breaks, we recommend a break every hour!"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ovviamente puoi regolarlo se necessario. Assicurati di includere pause, "
#~ "consigliamo una pausa ogni ora!"
#~ msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:"
#~ msgstr "Ecco un piccolo programma di esempio in Rust:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop "
#~ "will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with "
#~ "different inputs."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Il codice implementa la congettura di Collatz: si ritiene che il ciclo "
#~ "finirà sempre, ma questo non è ancora provato. Modifica il codice e gioca "
#~ "con diversi ingressi."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to "
#~ "trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime "
#~ "integer overflow."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Spiegare che tutte le variabili sono tipizzate staticamente. Prova a "
#~ "rimuovere `i32` per attivare l'inferenza di tipo. Prova invece con `i8` e "
#~ "attiva un overflow di runtime integer."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Modificare `let mut x` in `let x`, discutere l'errore del compilatore."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match "
#~ "the format string."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Mostra come `print!` restituisce un errore di compilazione se gli "
#~ "argomenti non corrispondono al formato della stringa."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an "
#~ "expression which is more complex than just a single variable."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Mostra come devi usare `{}` come segnaposto se vuoi stampare un' "
#~ "espressione che è più complessa di una singola variabile."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::"
#~ "fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important "
#~ "that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Mostra agli studenti la libreria standard, mostra loro come cercare `std::"
#~ "fmt` che ha le regole del mini-linguaggio di formattazione. È importante "
#~ "che il gli studenti acquisiscono familiarità con la ricerca nella "
#~ "libreria standard."
#~ msgid "Compile time memory safety."
#~ msgstr "Sicurezza della memoria al tempo di compilazione."
#~ msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior."
#~ msgstr "Mancanza di comportamento runtime non definito."
#~ msgid "Modern language features."
#~ msgstr "Funzionalità del linguaggio moderno."
#~ msgid "How many bugs do you spot?"
#~ msgstr "Quanti bug hai notato?"
#~ msgid "All `if` clauses require braces."
#~ msgstr "Tutte le clausole `if` richiedono parentesi."
#~ msgid "`match` mandates that all cases are handled."
#~ msgstr "`match` impone che tutti i casi siano gestiti."
#~ msgid "Static memory management at compile time:"
#~ msgstr "Gestione statica della memoria in fase di compilazione:"
#~ msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)."
#~ msgstr "Nessun _memory leaks_ (_principalmente_, vedi note)."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "È possibile produrre perdite di memoria in Rust sicuro (Safe Rust). "
#~ "Qualche esempio Sono:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box."
#~ "html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get "
#~ "runtime-initialized and runtime-sized static variables"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Puoi usare [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box."
#~ "html#method.leak) per far trapelare un puntatore. Un uso di questo "
#~ "potrebbe essere quello di ottenere variabili statiche inizializzate/"
#~ "dimensionate in runtime"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn."
#~ "forget.html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the "
#~ "destructor is never run)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Puoi usare [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn."
#~ "forget.html) per fare in modo che il compilatore \"dimentichi\" un valore "
#~ "(il che significa che il distruttore non viene mai eseguito)."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-"
#~ "lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Puoi anche creare accidentalmente un _[reference cycle](https://doc.rust-"
#~ "lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html)_ con `Rc` o `Arc`."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory "
#~ "leak and Rust does not protect from those."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "In effetti, alcuni considereranno il popolamento infinito di una raccolta "
#~ "un _memory leak_ e Rust non protegge da quello."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood "
#~ "as \"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ai fini di questo corso, si dovrebbe intendere \"Nessuna perdita di "
#~ "memoria\". come \"Praticamente nessuna perdita di memoria _accidentale_\"."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-"
#~ "lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time "
#~ "flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the "
#~ "program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get "
#~ "panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode "
#~ "(`cargo build --release`)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'overflow di numeri interi è definito tramite il flag [`overflow-checks`]"
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-"
#~ "checks) in fase di compilazione. Se abilitato il programma _va in panico_ "
#~ "(crash controllato del programma), altrimenti si ha un _wrap-around_. Per "
#~ "impostazione predefinita, si ottiene il panico in modalità di debug "
#~ "(`cargo build`) e wrap-around in modalità rilascio (`cargo build --"
#~ "release`)."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not "
#~ "be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows "
#~ "you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do "
#~ "bounds checking."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Il controllo dei limiti non può essere disabilitato con un flag del "
#~ "compilatore. Può anche non essere disabilitato direttamente con la parola "
#~ "chiave `unsafe`. Tuttavia, `unsafe` ti permette di chiamare funzioni come "
#~ "`slice::get_unchecked` che non esegue il controllo dei limiti."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Rust è costruito con tutta l'esperienza maturata negli ultimi 40 anni."
#~ msgid "Language Features"
#~ msgstr "Caratteristiche del linguaggio"
#~ msgid "Tooling"
#~ msgstr "Tooling"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to "
#~ "'pay' for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For "
#~ "example, writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low "
#~ "level instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Astrazioni a costo zero, simili a C++, significa che non devi \"pagare\" "
#~ "per costrutti di programmazione di livello superiore con memoria o CPU. "
#~ "Per esempio, scrivere un ciclo usando `for` dovrebbe comportare "
#~ "all'incirca lo stesso livello di istruzioni come usare il costrutto `."
#~ "iter().fold()`."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', "
#~ "also known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things "
#~ "like `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Potrebbe valere la pena ricordare che anche le enum di Rust sono \"tipi "
#~ "di dati algebrici\" noti come \"tipi di somma\", che consentono al "
#~ "sistema di tipi di esprimere cose come `Option<T>` e `Result<T, E>`."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to "
#~ "ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more "
#~ "talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with "
#~ "_actionable_ feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ricordare alle persone di leggere gli errori --- molti sviluppatori si "
#~ "sono abituati a ignorare l'output del compilatore. Il compilatore Rust è "
#~ "molto più \"loquace\" rispetto ad altri compilatori. Spesso fornirà "
#~ "feedback _pronti all'uso_, pronti per il copia-incolla nel tuo codice."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, "
#~ "Python, and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider "
#~ "standard and essential:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La libreria standard di Rust è piccola rispetto a linguaggi come Java, "
#~ "Python, e Go. Rust non viene fornito con molte cose che potresti "
#~ "considerare standard e essenziali:"
#~ msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "un generatore di numeri casuali, ma vedi [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)."
#~ msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)."
#~ msgstr "supporto per SSL o TLS, ma vedi [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)."
#~ msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "supporto per JSON, ma vedi [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library "
#~ "cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the "
#~ "Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and "
#~ "perhaps there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Il ragionamento alla base di ciò è che una funzionalità nella libreria "
#~ "standard non può essere tolta, quindi deve essere molto stabile. Per gli "
#~ "esempi precedenti, la comunità Rust sta ancora lavorando per trovare la "
#~ "soluzione migliore --- e forse non c'è un'unica \"soluzione migliore\" "
#~ "per alcune di queste cose."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this "
#~ "makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A "
#~ "consequence of this is that the standard library can be smaller."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Rust viene fornito con un gestore di pacchetti integrato sotto forma di "
#~ "Cargo e questo rende banale scaricare e compilare pacchetti di terze "
#~ "parti (_crates_). Una conseguenza di ciò è che la libreria standard può "
#~ "essere più piccola."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like <https://"
#~ "lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates "
#~ "to find a good and trusted one."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La ricerca di buoni 'pacchetti' (_crates_) di terze parti può essere un "
#~ "problema. Siti come <https://lib.rs/> aiutano in questo consentendo di "
#~ "confrontare le metriche per specifiche _crate_ per trovarne uno buona e "
#~ "affidabile."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP "
#~ "implementation used in major IDEs and text editors."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) è un'implementazione "
#~ "LSP ben supportata utilizzata neimaggiori IDE ed editor di testo."
#~ msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`"
#~ msgstr "`\"pippo\"`, `\"due\\nrighe\"`"
#~ msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:"
#~ msgstr "Come C++, Rust ha riferimenti:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ "
#~ "pointers."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Dobbiamo dereferenziare `ref_x` quando lo assegni, in modo simile ai "
#~ "puntatori C e C++."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values "
#~ "over their lifetime."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "I riferimenti dichiarati come `mut` possono essere associati a valori "
#~ "diversi nel corso della loro durata."
#~ msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Si dice che un riferimento \"prenda in prestito\" (_borrow_) il valore a "
#~ "cui si riferisce."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long "
#~ "enough."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Rust tiene traccia delle vite di tutti i riferimenti per assicurarsi che "
#~ "durino abbastanza a lungo."
#~ msgid "`String` vs `str`"
#~ msgstr "`String` vs `str`"
#~ msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:"
#~ msgstr "Ora possiamo comprendere i due tipi di stringhe in Rust:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
#~ "selection."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Puoi prendere in prestito le sezioni `&str` da `String` con `&` e la "
#~ "selezione dell'intervallo opzionale."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
#~ "Fizz_buzz) interview question:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Una versione Rust del famoso gioco [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/"
#~ "wiki/Fizz_buzz):"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward "
#~ "declarations nor headers are necessary. "
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "In `main` ci si riferisce a una funzione scritta di seguito. Non sono "
#~ "necessarie né pre-dichiarazioni né intestazioni. "
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains "
#~ "`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'espressione di intervallo nel ciclo `for` in `fizzbuzz to()` contiene "
#~ "`=n` che include il limite superiore."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Tutti gli elementi del linguaggio in Rust possono essere documentati "
#~ "usando la sintassi speciale `///`."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but "
#~ "in real code they should be present."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Questo corso non include rustdoc sulle diapositive, solo per risparmiare "
#~ "spazio, ma nel contesto reale dovrebbe essere presente."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need "
#~ "not be addressed here."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "I commenti interni al documento sono discussi più avanti (nella pagina "
#~ "sui moduli) e non è necessario affrontarli qui."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a "
#~ "method is an instance of the type it is associated with:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "I metodi sono funzioni associate a un tipo. L'argomento `self` di un "
#~ "metodo è un'istanza del tipo a cui è associato:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's "
#~ "class."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Approfondiremo maggiormente i metodi nell'esercizio di oggi e nella "
#~ "lezione di domani."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Add a static method called `Rectangle::new` and call this from `main`:"
#~ msgstr "Aggiungi un costruttore `Rectangle::new` e chiamalo da `main`:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Add a `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that such "
#~ "static methods can take arbitrary parameters."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Aggiungi un costruttore `Rectangle::new_square(width: u32)` per "
#~ "illustrare che i costruttori possono accettare parametri arbitrari."
#~ msgid "Function Overloading"
#~ msgstr "Overloading di Funzione"
#~ msgid "Overloading is not supported:"
#~ msgstr "L'Overloading non è supportato:"
#~ msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters."
#~ msgstr "Accetta sempre un numero fisso di parametri."
#~ msgid "Default values are not supported:"
#~ msgstr "I valori predefiniti non sono supportati:"
#~ msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments."
#~ msgstr "Tutti i siti di chiamata hanno lo stesso numero di argomenti."
#~ msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative."
#~ msgstr "Le macro sono talvolta utilizzate come alternativa."
#~ msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:"
#~ msgstr "Tuttavia, i parametri delle funzioni possono essere generici:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "When using generics, the standard library's `Into<T>` can provide a kind "
#~ "of limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a "
#~ "later section."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Quando si usano i generici, `Into<T>` della libreria standard può fornire "
#~ "una sorta di polimorfismo limitato sui tipi dell'argomento. Vedremo "
#~ "maggiori dettagli in una sezione successiva."
#~ msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 1: Esercizi Mattutini"
#~ msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:"
#~ msgstr "In questi esercizi esploreremo due parti di Rust:"
#~ msgid "Implicit conversions between types."
#~ msgstr "Conversioni implicite tra tipi."
#~ msgid "Arrays and `for` loops."
#~ msgstr "Array e cicli `for`."
#~ msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:"
#~ msgstr "Alcune cose da considerare durante la risoluzione degli esercizi:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-"
#~ "completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo."
#~ "md) for details on installing Rust."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Utilizzare un'installazione locale di Rust, se possibile. In questo modo "
#~ "puoi ottenere completamento automatico nel tuo editor. Vedi la pagina su "
#~ "[Using Cargo](../../cargo.md) per i dettagli sull'installazione di Rust."
#~ msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
#~ msgstr "In alternativa, usa Rust Playground."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets "
#~ "lose their state if you navigate away from the page."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Gli snippet di codice non sono modificabili di proposito: gli snippet di "
#~ "codice in linea perdono il loro stato se esci dalla pagina."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types "
#~ "([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
#~ "implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Rust non applicherà automaticamente le _conversioni implicite_ tra i tipi "
#~ "([a differenza di C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
#~ "implicit_conversion)). Puoi vederlo in un programma come questo:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The Rust integer types all implement the [`From<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
#~ "lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
#~ "lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between "
#~ "them. The `From<T>` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the "
#~ "`Into<T>` trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits "
#~ "is how a type expresses that it can be converted into another type."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Tutti i tipi interi in Rust implementano i _traits_ [`From<T>`](https://"
#~ "doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) e [`Into<T>`](https://doc."
#~ "rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) consentendo la conversione tra "
#~ "di loro. Il _trait_ `From<T>` ha un singolo metodo `from()` e allo stesso "
#~ "modo, il _trait_ `Into<T>` ha un singolo metodo `into()`. "
#~ "L'implementazione di questi _traits_ esprime il modo in cui un tipo "
#~ "consente di essere convertito in un altro tipo."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The standard library has an implementation of `From<i8> for i16`, which "
#~ "means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by "
#~ "calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From<i8> "
#~ "for i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of "
#~ "`Into<i16> for i8`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La libreria standard ha un'implementazione di `From<i8> for i16`, che "
#~ "significa che possiamo convertire una variabile `x` di tipo `i8` in una "
#~ "`i16` chiamando `i16::from(x)`. O, più semplicemente, con `x.into()`, "
#~ "perché l'implementazione `From<i8> for i16` crea automaticamente "
#~ "un'implementazione di `Into<i16> per i8`."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, "
#~ "so it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` "
#~ "implementation automatically."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Lo stesso vale per le tue implementazioni `From` per i tuoi tipi, così è "
#~ "sufficiente implementare solo `From` per ottenere automaticamente una "
#~ "rispettiva implementazione `Into`."
#~ msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Eseguire il programma precedente e osservare l'errore del compilatore."
#~ msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Aggiornare il codice per utilizzare `into()` per eseguire la conversione."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, "
#~ "`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try "
#~ "converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the "
#~ "[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/"
#~ "trait.From.html) to see if `From<T>` is implemented for the pairs you "
#~ "check."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Cambiare i tipi di `x` e `y` in altre cose (come `f32`, `bool`, `i128`) "
#~ "per vedere quali tipi è possibile convertire in quali altri tipi. Provare "
#~ "a convertire tipi \"piccoli\" in tipi \"grandi\" e viceversa. Controlla "
#~ "la [documentazione della libreria standard](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
#~ "convert/trait.From.html) per vedere se `From<T>` è implementato per le "
#~ "coppie che controlli."
#~ msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops"
#~ msgstr "Array e Cicli `for`"
#~ msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:"
#~ msgstr "Abbiamo visto che un array può essere dichiarato in questo modo:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with "
#~ "`{:?}`:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Puoi stampare un tale array chiedendo la sua rappresentazione di debug "
#~ "con `{:?}`:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` "
#~ "keyword:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Rust ti consente di iterare cose come array e intervalli usando la parola "
#~ "chiave `for`:"
#~ msgid "Bonus Question"
#~ msgstr "Domanda bonus"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for "
#~ "your argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-"
#~ "dimensional slice-of-slices. Why or why not?"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Potresti usare _slices_ `&[i32]` invece di matrici 3 × 3 codificate per "
#~ "il tuo argomento e tipi restituiti? Qualcosa come `&[&[i32]]` per un "
#~ "oggetto bidimensionale _slice-di-slices_. Perché o perché no?"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production "
#~ "quality implementation."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Guarda il _crate_ [`ndarray`](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) per una "
#~ "implementazione di livello produzione (_production_)."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the "
#~ "[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La soluzione e la risposta alla sezione bonus sono disponibili nella "
#~ "sezione [Soluzione](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)."
#~ msgid "Without the `&`..."
#~ msgstr "Senza il `&`…"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to "
#~ "conditionally evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value "
#~ "which then becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow "
#~ "expressions work similarly in Rust."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Come abbiamo visto, \"if\" è un'espressione in Rust. È usato in modo "
#~ "condizionale valutare uno dei due blocchi, ma i blocchi possono avere un "
#~ "valore che poi diventa il valore dell'espressione \"if\". Altre "
#~ "espressioni del flusso di controllo funzionano in modo simile a Ruggine."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is "
#~ "the return value:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La stessa regola viene utilizzata per le funzioni: il valore del corpo "
#~ "della funzione è il valore di ritorno:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in "
#~ "Rust. "
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Lo scopo di questa slide è mostrare che i blocchi hanno un tipo e un "
#~ "valore in Rust. "
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is "
#~ "closely related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It "
#~ "will automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate "
#~ "over it:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Il [ciclo `for`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) è "
#~ "strettamente relativo al [ciclo `while let`](while-let-expression.md). Lo "
#~ "farà chiama automaticamente `into_iter()` sull'espressione e quindi itera "
#~ "su di essa:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual."
#~ msgstr "Puoi usare `break` e `continue` qui come al solito."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'iterazione dell'indice non è una sintassi speciale in Rust solo per "
#~ "quel caso."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. "
#~ msgstr "`(0..10)` è un intervallo che implementa un tratto `Iterator`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every "
#~ "other element. "
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "`step_by` è un metodo che restituisce un altro `Iterator` che salta ogni "
#~ "altro elemento."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change "
#~ "vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Modifica gli elementi nel vettore e spiega gli errori del compilatore. "
#~ "Cambia il vettore `v` in modo che sia mutabile e il ciclo for in `for x "
#~ "in v.iter_mut()`."
#~ msgid "`loop` expressions"
#~ msgstr "Espressioni `loop`"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
#~ "expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) which creates an endless loop."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Infine, c'è una [parola chiave `loop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
#~ "reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) che crea un loop "
#~ "infinito."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:"
#~ msgstr "Qui devi \"break\" o \"return\" per interrompere il ciclo:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out."
#~ msgstr "Interrompi il `loop` con un valore (ad es. `break 8`) e stampalo."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the "
#~ "types less and less as the course progresses."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "A causa dell'inferenza del tipo, `i32` è facoltativo. Mostreremo "
#~ "gradualmente i tipi sempre meno man mano che il corso procede."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic "
#~ "container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, "
#~ "using `_` as a placeholder:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Il codice seguente indica al compilatore di copiare in un determinato "
#~ "contenitore generico senza che il codice specifichi mai esplicitamente il "
#~ "tipo contenuto, utilizzando `_` come segnaposto:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
#~ "html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
#~ "std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-"
#~ "lang.org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-"
#~ "HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
#~ "html#method.collect) si basa su `FromIterator`, che \\[`HashSet`\\]"
#~ "(https:/ /doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implementa."
#~ msgid "Static and Constant Variables"
#~ msgstr "Variabili statiche e costanti"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse "
#~ "memory locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if "
#~ "the type does not change."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Il codice seguente dimostra perché il compilatore non può semplicemente "
#~ "riutilizzare le posizioni di memoria durante lo shadowing di una "
#~ "variabile immutabile in un ambito, anche se il tipo non cambia."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and "
#~ "`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Questa pagina offre un tipo di enum `CoinFlip` con due varianti `Heads` e "
#~ "`Tail`. Potresti notare lo spazio dei nomi quando usi le varianti."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "In entrambi, le funzioni associate sono definite all'interno di un blocco "
#~ "`impl`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then "
#~ "use the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "È possibile definire enumerazioni più ricche in cui le varianti "
#~ "contengono dati. È quindi possibile utilizzare il istruzione `match` per "
#~ "estrarre i dati da ciascuna variante:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There "
#~ "is no fall-through like in C or C++."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'espressione viene confrontata con i modelli dall'alto verso il basso. "
#~ "Non c'è fall-through come in C o C++."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the "
#~ "match arm which was executed."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'espressione di corrispondenza ha un valore. Il valore è l'ultima "
#~ "espressione nel braccio di corrispondenza che è stata eseguita."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run "
#~ "the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. "
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Partendo dall'alto cerchiamo quale modello corrisponde al valore, quindi "
#~ "eseguiamo il codice seguendo la freccia. Una volta trovata una "
#~ "corrispondenza, ci fermiamo."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`."
#~ msgstr "`match` ispeziona un campo discriminante nascosto in `enum`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::"
#~ "discriminant()`"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "È possibile recuperare il discriminante chiamando `std::mem::"
#~ "discriminant()`"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs "
#~ "where comparing field values doesn't affect equality."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ciò è utile, ad esempio, se si implementa `PartialEq` per strutture in "
#~ "cui il confronto dei valori dei campi non influisce sull'uguaglianza."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::"
#~ "Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined "
#~ "version cannot implement traits, for example."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "`WebEvent::Click { ... }` non è esattamente la stessa cosa di `WebEvent::"
#~ "Click(Click)` con una `struct Click { ... }` di primo livello. La "
#~ "versione inline non può implementare tratti, per esempio."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into "
#~ "account:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Gli enum di Rust sono imballati strettamente, tenendo conto dei vincoli "
#~ "dovuti all'allineamento:"
#~ msgid "Try out other types such as"
#~ msgstr "Prova altri tipi come"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
#~ "match-expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. "
#~ "In that sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La [parola chiave `match`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
#~ "expressions/match-expr.html) viene utilizzato per confrontare un valore "
#~ "con uno o più modelli. In questo senso funziona come una serie di "
#~ "espressioni `if let`:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Save the match expression to a variable and print it out."
#~ msgstr "Salva l'espressione di corrispondenza in una variabile e stampala."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error."
#~ msgstr "Rimuovi `.as_deref()` e spiega l'errore."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option<String>`, but we cannot "
#~ "match against `String`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "`std::env::args().next()` restituisce un `Option<String>`, ma non "
#~ "possiamo confrontare `String`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`as_deref()` transforms an `Option<T>` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our "
#~ "case, this turns `Option<String>` into `Option<&str>`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "`as_deref()` trasforma una `Opzione<T>` in `Opzione<&T::Target>`. Nel "
#~ "nostro caso, questo trasforma `Option<String>` in `Option<&str>`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside "
#~ "`Option`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ora possiamo usare il pattern matching per confrontare con `&str` "
#~ "all'interno di `Option`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Il modello `_` è un modello di caratteri jolly che corrisponde a "
#~ "qualsiasi valore."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a "
#~ "wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Può essere utile mostrare come funziona l'associazione, ad esempio "
#~ "sostituendo un carattere jolly con una variabile o rimuovendo le "
#~ "virgolette intorno a `q`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference."
#~ msgstr "Puoi dimostrare la corrispondenza su un riferimento."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable "
#~ "patterns, as the term can show up in error messages."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Questo potrebbe essere un buon momento per far emergere il concetto di "
#~ "modelli inconfutabili, poiché il termine può apparire nei messaggi di "
#~ "errore."
#~ msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:"
#~ msgstr "Puoi anche destrutturare `structs`:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary "
#~ "Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Durante la corrispondenza, puoi aggiungere una _guard_ a un pattern. "
#~ "Questo è un booleano arbitrario espressione che verrà eseguita se il "
#~ "modello corrisponde:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "È possibile utilizzare le variabili definite nel modello nell'espressione "
#~ "if."
#~ msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 1: Esercizi pomeridiani"
#~ msgid "We will look at two things:"
#~ msgstr "Vedremo due cose:"
#~ msgid "The Luhn algorithm,"
#~ msgstr "Algoritmo di Luhn,"
#~ msgid "An exercise on pattern matching."
#~ msgstr "Esercizio su pattern matching."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
#~ "function."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Copia il codice qui sotto in <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e implementa "
#~ "le funzioni:"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based "
#~ "memory management, and garbage collection."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Gestione della memoria: stack vs heap, gestione manuale della memoria, "
#~ "memoria basata sull'ambito (scoped), garbage collection."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ownership: semantica di spostamento (move), copia e clonazione, prestito "
#~ "(borrowing) e durata (lifetimes)."
#~ msgid "Structs and methods."
#~ msgstr "Struct e metodi."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, "
#~ "`Rc` and `Arc`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La libreria standard: `String`, `Option` e `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, "
#~ "`Rc` e `Arc`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
#~ msgstr "Moduli: visibilità, percorsi e gerarchia del filesystem."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Innanzitutto, aggiorniamo il funzionamento della gestione della memoria."
#~ msgid "The Stack vs The Heap"
#~ msgstr "Lo Stack (Pila) vs l’Heap"
#~ msgid "Stack and Heap Example"
#~ msgstr "Esempio di Stack e Heap"
#~ msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
#~ msgstr "Allocate e de-allocate voi stessi la memoria dell'heap."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security "
#~ "vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Se non fatto con cura, ciò può portare a arresti anomali, bug, "
#~ "vulnerabilità di sicurezza e perdite di memoria."
#~ msgid "C Example"
#~ msgstr "Esempio C"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
#~ msgstr "Devi chiamare `free` su ogni puntatore allocato con `malloc`:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and "
#~ "`free`: the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, "
#~ "freeing the pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to "
#~ "exploitable security vulnerabilities."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La memoria viene persa se la funzione ritorna in anticipo tra `malloc` e "
#~ "`free`: the puntatore è perso e non possiamo deallocare la memoria."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Costruttori e distruttori ti consentono di agganciarti alla vita di un "
#~ "oggetto."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object "
#~ "is destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an "
#~ "exception is raised."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Avvolgendo un puntatore in un oggetto, puoi liberare memoria quando "
#~ "l'oggetto è distrutto. Il compilatore garantisce che ciò accada, anche se "
#~ "lo è un'eccezione sollevato."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and "
#~ "gives you smart pointers."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Questo è spesso chiamato _l'acquisizione delle risorse è "
#~ "l'inizializzazione_ (RAII) e dà puntatori intelligenti."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to "
#~ "memory allocated on the heap."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'oggetto `std::unique_ptr` è allocato nello stack e punta a memoria "
#~ "allocata nell'heap."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Alla fine di `say_hello`, verrà eseguito il distruttore `std::unique_ptr`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
#~ msgstr "Il distruttore libera l'oggetto `Person` a cui punta."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "I costruttori di mosse speciali vengono utilizzati quando si passa la "
#~ "proprietà a una funzione:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic "
#~ "memory management:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Un'alternativa alla gestione della memoria manuale e basata sull'ambito è "
#~ "la memoria automatica gestione:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Il programmatore non alloca o dealloca mai la memoria in modo esplicito."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the "
#~ "programmer."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Un Garbage Collector trova la memoria inutilizzata e la dealloca per il "
#~ "programmatore."
#~ msgid "Java Example"
#~ msgstr "Esempio Java"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'oggetto `person` non viene deallocato dopo che `sayHello` restituisce:"
#~ msgid "Memory Management in Rust"
#~ msgstr "Gestione della Memoria in Rust"
#~ msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
#~ msgstr "La gestione della memoria in Rust è un mix:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector."
#~ msgstr "Sicuro e corretto come Java, ma senza un garbage collector."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Basato sull'ambito come C++, ma il compilatore applica la piena aderenza."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even "
#~ "have no cost at runtime like C."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Un utente Rust può scegliere l'astrazione giusta per la situazione, "
#~ "alcuni addirittura non hanno alcun costo in fase di esecuzione come C."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
#~ msgstr "Raggiunge questo modellando _ownership_ in modo esplicito."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually "
#~ "handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
#~ "boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct."
#~ "Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]"
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate "
#~ "ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the "
#~ "potential errors in C."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Se ti viene chiesto come a questo punto, puoi menzionare che in Rust "
#~ "questo è solitamente gestito da tipi di wrapper RAII come [Box](https://"
#~ "doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang."
#~ "org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/"
#~ "struct.Rc.html) o [Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc."
#~ "html). Questi incapsulano la proprietà e l'allocazione della memoria "
#~ "tramite vari mezzi e prevengono i potenziali errori in C."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang."
#~ "org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) trait is the Rust equivalent."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Qui ti potrebbe essere chiesto dei distruttori, il tratto [Drop](https://"
#~ "doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) è l'equivalente di Rust."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources."
#~ msgstr "Un distruttore può essere eseguito qui per liberare risorse."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "C'è sempre _esattamente_ un legame di variabile che possiede un valore."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`."
#~ msgstr "I dati dell'heap da `s1` vengono riutilizzati per `s2`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Quando `s1` esce dall'ambito, non accade nulla (è stato spostato da)."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a "
#~ "way to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default "
#~ "implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Se gli studenti chiedono informazioni su `derive`, è sufficiente dire che "
#~ "questo è un modo per generare codice in Rust in fase di compilazione. In "
#~ "questo caso vengono generate le implementazioni predefinite dei tratti "
#~ "`Copy` e `Clone`."
#~ msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Un valore preso in prestito (borrowed) ha un lifetime (i.e. _durata_):"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the "
#~ "lifetime `a`\"."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Leggi `&'a Point` come \"un `Punto` preso in prestito che è valido almeno "
#~ "per il vita `a`\"."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed "
#~ "value:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Oltre a prendere in prestito i suoi argomenti, una funzione può "
#~ "restituire un valore preso in prestito:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler."
#~ msgstr "`'a` è un parametro generico, viene dedotto dal compilatore."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name."
#~ msgstr "Le durate iniziano con `'` e `'a` è un tipico nome predefinito."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La parte _almeno_ è importante quando i parametri si trovano in ambiti "
#~ "diversi."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next."
#~ msgstr "Di seguito descriviamo la distinzione tra ricevitori di metodi."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". "
#~ "These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker "
#~ "rules, and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a "
#~ "struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method "
#~ "on it."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Prendi in considerazione l'enfasi su \"condiviso e immutabile\" e \"unico "
#~ "e mutevole\". Questi vincoli arrivano sempre insieme in Rust a causa "
#~ "delle regole del correttore in prestito, e \"self\" non fa eccezione. Non "
#~ "è possibile fare riferimento a una struttura da più posizioni e chiamare "
#~ "un metodo mutante (`&mut self`) su di essa."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver."
#~ msgstr "Tutti e quattro i metodi qui usano un ricevitore metodo diverso."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the "
#~ "variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Puoi indicare come ciò cambia ciò che la funzione può fare con i valori "
#~ "delle variabili e se/come può essere riutilizzata in `main`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` "
#~ "twice."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Puoi mostrare l'errore che appare quando provi a chiamare `finish` due "
#~ "volte."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static "
#~ "functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables "
#~ "automatic referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust "
#~ "automatically adds in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches "
#~ "the method signature."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Si noti che sebbene i destinatari del metodo siano diversi, le funzioni "
#~ "non statiche sono chiamate allo stesso modo nel corpo principale. Rust "
#~ "abilita la referenziazione e la dereferenziazione automatica quando si "
#~ "chiamano i metodi. Rust aggiunge automaticamente `&`, `*`, `muts` in modo "
#~ "che quell'oggetto corrisponda alla firma del metodo."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated "
#~ "over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. "
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Potresti sottolineare che `print_laps` sta usando un vettore che viene "
#~ "iterato. Descriviamo i vettori in modo più dettagliato nel pomeriggio."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 2: Esercizi mattutini"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:"
#~ msgstr "Esamineremo i metodi di implementazione in due contesti:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec<T>` type tomorrow. For "
#~ "now, you just need to know part of its API:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Impareremo molto di più sulle strutture e sul tipo `Vec<T>` domani. Per "
#~ "adesso, devi solo conoscere parte della sua API:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to "
#~ "<https://play.rust-lang.org/> and update the types to make it compile:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Usalo per creare un'applicazione libreria. Copia il codice qui sotto per "
#~ "<https://play.rust-lang.org/> e aggiorna i tipi per farlo compilare:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The common vocabulary types include:"
#~ msgstr "I tipi di vocabolario comuni includono:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional "
#~ "values and [error handling](error-handling.md)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[Tipi `Option` e `Result`](std/option-result.md): usati per valori "
#~ "facoltativi e [gestione degli errori](error-handling.md)."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`String`](std/string.md): il tipo di stringa predefinito utilizzato per "
#~ "i dati di proprietà."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector."
#~ msgstr "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): un vettore estensibile standard."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing "
#~ "algorithm."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): un tipo di mappa hash con un hash "
#~ "configurabile algoritmo."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`Box`](std/box.md): un puntatore di proprietà per i dati allocati "
#~ "nell'heap."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated "
#~ "data."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`Rc`](std/rc.md): un puntatore con conteggio dei riferimenti condiviso "
#~ "per i dati allocati nell'heap."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`Option` and `Result`"
#~ msgstr "`Opzione` e `Risultato`"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The types represent optional data:"
#~ msgstr "I tipi rappresentano dati facoltativi:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "`Option<&T>` ha un sovraccarico di spazio pari a zero rispetto a `&T`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` "
#~ "statement thanks to `Deref`. "
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Nell'esempio sopra, puoi anche tralasciare `*` nell'istruzione `println!` "
#~ "grazie a `Deref`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures"
#~ msgstr "Box con strutture dati ricorsive"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and "
#~ "[`RefCell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) "
#~ "implement what Rust calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an "
#~ "immutable context."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Usando [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) e "
#~ "[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), puoi "
#~ "astrarre su fonti `u8`:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 2: Esercizi pomeridiani"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Gli esercizi di questo pomeriggio si concentreranno su stringhe e "
#~ "iteratori."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the "
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
#~ "html) traits."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Il modello di proprietà di Rust influisce su molte API. Un esempio di "
#~ "questo è il [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait."
#~ "Iterator.html) e [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/"
#~ "trait.IntoIterator.html) tratti."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. "
#~ "The `Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get "
#~ "`None` back:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "I tratti sono come interfacce: descrivono il comportamento (metodi) per "
#~ "un tipo. IL Il tratto \"Iterator\" dice semplicemente che puoi chiamare "
#~ "\"next\" fino a quando non ottieni \"Nessuno\":"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You use this trait like this:"
#~ msgstr "Usi questo tratto in questo modo:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Qual è il tipo restituito dall'iteratore? Metti alla prova la tua "
#~ "risposta qui:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Why is this type used?"
#~ msgstr "Perché viene utilizzato questo tipo?"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?"
#~ msgstr "Come prima, qual è il tipo restituito dall'iteratore?"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` "
#~ "loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the "
#~ "resulting iterator:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ora che conosciamo sia `Iterator` che `IntoIterator`, possiamo creare "
#~ "cicli `for`. Chiamano `into_iter()` su un'espressione e itera sul "
#~ "risultato iteratore:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for "
#~ "[`impl IntoIterator for &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
#~ "struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl "
#~ "IntoIterator for Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
#~ "html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Sperimenta con il codice sopra e poi consulta la documentazione per "
#~ "[`impl IntoIteratore per &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
#~ "struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) e "
#~ "[`impl IntoIterator for Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct."
#~ "Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E) per controllare le tue "
#~ "risposte."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web "
#~ "server. The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which "
#~ "are matched against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a "
#~ "wildcard character which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "In questo esercizio, implementerai un componente di instradamento di un "
#~ "server web. IL il server è configurato con un numero di _prefissi di "
#~ "percorso_ che vengono confrontati _percorsi di richiesta_. I prefissi di "
#~ "percorso possono contenere un carattere jolly che corrisponde a un "
#~ "segmento completo. Vedere i test unitari di seguito."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library "
#~ "traits."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Tratti: tratti derivati, metodi predefiniti e importante libreria "
#~ "standard tratti."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and "
#~ "trait objects."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Generici: tipi di dati generici, metodi generici, monomorfizzazione e "
#~ "tratto oggetti."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests."
#~ msgstr "Test: unit test, test di documentazione e test di integrazione."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern "
#~ "functions."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Unsafe Rust: puntatori grezzi, variabili statiche, funzioni non sicure ed "
#~ "extern funzioni."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:"
#~ msgstr "Puoi dichiarare un tipo generico sul tuo blocco `impl`:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Il codice generico viene trasformato in codice non generico in base ai "
#~ "siti di chiamata:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "behaves as if you wrote"
#~ msgstr "si comporta come se scrivessi"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:"
#~ msgstr "Puoi lasciare che il compilatore derivi una serie di tratti:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "I tratti possono implementare il comportamento in termini di altri metodi "
#~ "di tratto:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Move method `not_equals` to a new trait `NotEquals`."
#~ msgstr "Sposta il metodo `not_equal` in un nuovo tratto `NotEqual`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Make `Equals` a super trait for `NotEquals`."
#~ msgstr "Rendi `NotEqual` un super tratto per `Equal`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEquals` for `Equals`."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Con l'implementazione coperta, non hai più bisogno di \"NotEqual\" come "
#~ "super tratto per \"Equal\"."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "`impl Trait` ti permette di lavorare con tipi che non puoi nominare."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to "
#~ "explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` "
#~ "type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint "
#~ "that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work "
#~ "for this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely "
#~ "not what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` "
#~ "syntax, we'd need two independent generic parameters."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Questo esempio è fantastico, perché utilizza `impl Display` due volte. "
#~ "Aiuta a spiegarlo nulla qui impone che sia _lo stesso_ tipo `impl "
#~ "Display`. Se usiamo un singolo `T: Display`, imporrebbe il vincolo "
#~ "secondo cui l'input `T` e il tipo restituito `T` sono dello stesso tipo. "
#~ "Non funzionerebbe per questa particolare funzione, poiché probabilmente "
#~ "non lo è il tipo che ci aspettiamo come input quale `formato!` "
#~ "restituisce. Se volessimo fare lo stesso tramite la sintassi `: Display`, "
#~ "ne avremmo bisogno di due parametri generici indipendenti."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard "
#~ "library:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Vedremo ora alcuni dei tratti più comuni della libreria standard di Rust:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
#~ "html) used in `for` loops,"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) e "
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
#~ "html) usati nei cicli `for`,"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and "
#~ "[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) used to "
#~ "convert values,"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) e [`Into`]"
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) utilizzati per "
#~ "convertire i valori,"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`Write`]"
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) used for IO,"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) e [`Write`]"
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) usati per IO,"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`]"
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator "
#~ "overloading, and"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`]"
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... utilizzato per "
#~ "l'overload degli operatori e"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) "
#~ "used to construct a default instance of a type."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) "
#~ "utilizzato per costruire un'istanza predefinita di un tipo."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`Iterator` implements `fn collect<B>(self) -> B where B: "
#~ "FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized`"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Implementa `Iterator` `fn collect<B>(self) -> B Dove B: "
#~ "FromIterator<Self::Item>, Sé: dimensionato`"
#~ msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..."
#~ msgstr "`Ad`, `Mul`, ..."
#~ msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 3: Esercizi mattutini"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We will design a classical GUI library using traits and trait objects."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Progetteremo una libreria GUI classica di tratti e oggetti di tratto."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Drawing A Simple GUI"
#~ msgstr "Una semplice libreria per Interfacce Grafiche"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits "
#~ "and trait objects. We'll only implement the drawing of it (as text) for "
#~ "simplicity."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Progettiamo una libreria GUI classica utilizzando la nostra nuova "
#~ "conoscenza dei tratti e oggetti di tratto."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:"
#~ msgstr "Avremo una serie di widget nella nostra libreria:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets."
#~ msgstr "`Window`: ha un `title` e contiene altri widget."
#~ msgid "`Label`: has a `label`."
#~ msgstr "`Label`: ha una `label`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below."
#~ msgstr "I widget implementeranno un tratto `Widget`, vedi sotto."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, fill in the missing "
#~ "`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Copia il codice qui sotto in <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, inserisci i "
#~ "campi mancanti metodi `draw_into` in modo da implementare il tratto "
#~ "`Widget`:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'output del programma sopra può essere qualcosa di semplice come questo:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment]"
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting "
#~ "operators. In particular, notice how you can pad with different "
#~ "characters (here a `'/'`) and how you can control alignment:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Se vuoi disegnare un testo allineato, puoi usare il [fill/alignment]"
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) operatori di "
#~ "formattazione. In particolare, nota come puoi riempire con diversi "
#~ "caratteri (qui un `'/'`) e come puoi controllare l'allineamento:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Usando tali trucchi di allineamento, puoi ad esempio produrre un output "
#~ "come questo:"
#~ msgid "Polygon Struct"
#~ msgstr "Struct Polygon (Poligono)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the "
#~ "code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
#~ "methods to make the tests pass:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Creeremo una struttura `Polygon` che contiene alcuni punti. Copia il "
#~ "codice qui sotto a <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e inserire i metodi "
#~ "mancanti per rendere il file i test superano:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the "
#~ "key part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to "
#~ "modify the tests."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Poiché le firme del metodo mancano nelle dichiarazioni del problema, la "
#~ "parte chiave dell'esercizio è specificarli correttamente. Non è "
#~ "necessario modificare i test."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:"
#~ msgstr "Altre parti interessanti dell'esercizio:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes "
#~ "don't borrow their arguments."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Deriva un tratto `Copy` per alcune strutture, poiché nei test i metodi a "
#~ "volte non prendono in prestito i loro argomenti."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be "
#~ "addable via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Scopri che il tratto `Add` deve essere implementato affinché due oggetti "
#~ "possano essere aggiunti tramite \"+\". Si noti che non discuteremo di "
#~ "farmaci generici fino al giorno 3."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La gestione degli errori in Rust viene eseguita utilizzando un flusso di "
#~ "controllo esplicito:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Le funzioni che possono avere errori lo elencano nel loro tipo di ritorno,"
#~ msgid "There are no exceptions."
#~ msgstr "Non ci sono eccezioni."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding"
#~ msgstr "Catturare lo srotolamento della pila"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when "
#~ "errors are expected as part of normal operation:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Abbiamo già visto l'enumerazione `Result`. Questo è usato in modo "
#~ "pervasivo quando ci sono errori previsto come parte del normale "
#~ "funzionamento:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`"
#~ msgstr "Propagazione degli errori con `?`"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
#~ "turn the common"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'operatore try `?` viene utilizzato per restituire errori al chiamante. "
#~ "Ti fa girare il comune"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where "
#~ "possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In "
#~ "this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement "
#~ "them."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "È buona pratica per tutti i tipi di errore implementare `std::error::"
#~ "Error`, che richiede `Debug` e `Display`. In genere è utile per loro "
#~ "implementare anche `Clone` e `Eq`, ove possibile, per fare vita più "
#~ "facile per i test e i consumatori della tua libreria. In questo caso non "
#~ "possiamo farlo facilmente, perché `io::Error` non li implementa."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, "
#~ "and optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) "
#~ "and `From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for "
#~ "structs."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La macro deriva di `thiserror` implementa automaticamente `std::error::"
#~ "Error` e facoltativamente `Display` (se vengono forniti gli attributi "
#~ "`#[error(...)]`) e `From` (se viene aggiunto l'attributo `#[from]`). "
#~ "Funziona anche per le strutture."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Non influisce sulla tua API pubblica, il che lo rende utile per le "
#~ "librerie."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add "
#~ "contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom "
#~ "error types:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "La cassa ampiamente utilizzata [comunque](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) può "
#~ "aiutarti ad aggiungere informazioni contestuali ai tuoi errori e ti "
#~ "permette di averne meno tipi di errore personalizzati:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:"
#~ msgstr "Contrassegna i test unitari con `#[test]`:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests."
#~ msgstr "Usa `cargo test` per trovare ed eseguire i test unitari."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]"
#~ "(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "I test unitari vengono spesso inseriti in un modulo nidificato (esegui "
#~ "test sul file [Parco giochi](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Useful crates for writing tests"
#~ msgstr "Casse utili"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Calling External Code"
#~ msgstr "Chiamata codice esterno"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. "
#~ "Calling them is thus unsafe:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Le funzioni di altri linguaggi potrebbero violare le garanzie di Rust. "
#~ "Chiamata loro è quindi pericoloso:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 3: Esercizi pomeridiani"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Costruiamo un wrapper sicuro per leggere il contenuto della directory!"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-"
#~ "afternoon.md) provided."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Dopo aver esaminato l'esercizio, puoi esaminare la \\[soluzione\\] "
#~ "fornita."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be "
#~ "stored on a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current "
#~ "async block. If your future has pointers to data on the stack, those "
#~ "pointers might get invalidated. This is unsafe."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Quando aspetti un futuro, tutte le variabili locali (che normalmente "
#~ "sarebbero memorizzate su uno stack frame) vengono invece archiviati in "
#~ "Future per il blocco asincrono corrente. Se tuo future ha puntatori ai "
#~ "dati nello stack, quei puntatori potrebbero essere invalidati. Questo non "
#~ "è sicuro."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to "
#~ "don't change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future "
#~ "repeatedly in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Pertanto, è necessario garantire che gli indirizzi futuri puntino a non "
#~ "farlo modifica. Ecco perché dobbiamo \"bloccare\" i futuri. Usando "
#~ "ripetutamente lo stesso futuro in un `select!` spesso porta a problemi "
#~ "con i valori bloccati."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "concurrency:"
#~ msgstr "Concorrenza"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "constant:"
#~ msgstr "`const`"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "control flow:"
#~ msgstr "Flusso di Controllo"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "enumeration:"
#~ msgstr "`Durata`"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "error:"
#~ msgstr "`Errore`"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "error handling:"
#~ msgstr "Gestione degli errori"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "garbage collector:"
#~ msgstr "Garbage Collection"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "generics:"
#~ msgstr "Generics"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "integration test:"
#~ msgstr "Test di integrazione"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "main function:"
#~ msgstr "Chiamare Funzioni Unsafe"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "memory leak:"
#~ msgstr "Perdite di memoria."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "method:"
#~ msgstr "Metodi"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "module:"
#~ msgstr "Moduli"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "ownership:"
#~ msgstr "Proprietà"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "panic:"
#~ msgstr "Panico (Panics)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "receiver:"
#~ msgstr "Driver"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "standard library:"
#~ msgstr "Libreria standard"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "static:"
#~ msgstr "`static`"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "struct:"
#~ msgstr "Strutture (Struct)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "thread:"
#~ msgstr "Threads"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "trait:"
#~ msgstr "Traits"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "union:"
#~ msgstr "Unioni"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "unit test:"
#~ msgstr "Test per unità"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "variable:\\"
#~ msgstr "Variabili"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages."
#~ msgstr "Troverai le soluzioni degli esercizi nelle pagine seguenti."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github."
#~ "com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a "
#~ "different or better solution than what is presented here."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Sentiti libero di fare domande sulle soluzioni [on GitHub](https://github."
#~ "com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Facci sapere se hai una "
#~ "soluzione diversa o migliore di quella presentata qui."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 1 Esercizi mattutini"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))"
#~ msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](for-loops.md))"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Bonus question"
#~ msgstr "Domanda bonus"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a "
#~ "slice-of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus "
#~ "make our function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks "
#~ "down: the return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the "
#~ "data you return."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Richiede concetti più avanzati. Potrebbe sembrare che potremmo usare uno "
#~ "slice-of-slice (`&[&[i32]]`) come tipo di input da trasporre e quindi "
#~ "fare in modo che la nostra funzione gestisca qualsiasi dimensione di "
#~ "matrice. Tuttavia, questo si interrompe rapidamente: il tipo restituito "
#~ "non può essere `&[&[i32]]` poiché deve essere proprietario dei dati "
#~ "restituiti."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can attempt to use something like `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, but this doesn't "
#~ "work out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec<Vec<i32>>` to "
#~ "`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Puoi provare a usare qualcosa come `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, ma neanche questo "
#~ "funziona immediatamente: è difficile convertire da `Vec<Vec<i32>>` a "
#~ "`&[ &[i32]]` quindi ora non puoi nemmeno usare facilmente `pretty_print`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::"
#~ "convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) "
#~ "trait to abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Una volta arrivati ai tratti e ai generici, saremo in grado di usare il "
#~ "tratto [`std::convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/"
#~ "trait.AsRef.html) per astrarre su tutto ciò che può essere referenziato "
#~ "come slice."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are "
#~ "of the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Inoltre, il tipo stesso non imporrebbe che le sezioni figlie abbiano la "
#~ "stessa lunghezza, quindi tale variabile potrebbe contenere una matrice "
#~ "non valida."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 1 Esercizi pomeridiani"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
#~ msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](luhn.md))"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Pattern matching"
#~ msgstr "Pattern Matching"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 2 Esercizi mattutini"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Designing a Library"
#~ msgstr "Progettare una libreria"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
#~ msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](book-library.md))"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](health-statistics.md))"
#~ msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](rtc.md))"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))"
#~ msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](strings-iterators.md))"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 3 Esercizio mattutino"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))"
#~ msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](simple-gui.md))"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))"
#~ msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](points-polygons.md))"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises"
#~ msgstr "Giorno 3 Esercizi pomeridiani"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
#~ msgstr "([torna all'esercizio](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
#~ msgid "Pattern Matching (TBD)"
#~ msgstr "Match di Pattern"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
#~ "fn main() {\n"
#~ " println!(r#\"<a href=\"link.html\">link</a>\"#);\n"
#~ " println!(\"<a href=\\\"link.html\\\">link</a>\");\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
#~ "fn main() {\n"
#~ " println!(r#\"<a href=\"link.html\">link</a>\"#);\n"
#~ " println!(\"<a href=\\\"link.html\\\">link</a>\");\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
#~ "fn main() {\n"
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n"
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
#~ "fn main() {\n"
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n"
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
#~ msgstr "[Soluzione](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`binary_search` returns `Result<usize, usize>`."
#~ msgstr "`binary_search` restituisce `Result<usize, usize>`."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Se trovato, `Result::Ok` contiene l'indice in cui si trova l'elemento."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should "
#~ "be inserted."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Altrimenti, `Result::Err` contiene l'indice in cui tale elemento dovrebbe "
#~ "essere inserito."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the "
#~ "button is pressed."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "`Button`: ha una `label` e una funzione di callback che viene richiamata "
#~ "quando il pulsante viene premuto."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "SWD"
#~ msgstr "SWD"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft "
#~ msgstr "GDB stub e server Microsoft "
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "DAP"
#~ msgstr "DAP"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid " server"
#~ msgstr "Integrazione del carico"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log "
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "`cargo-embed` è un sottocomando cargo per compilare e aggiornare binari, "
#~ "log "
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "RTT"
#~ msgstr "RTT"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "HVC"
#~ msgstr "HVC"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid " to tell the firmware to power off the system:"
#~ msgstr " per dire al firmware di spegnere il sistema:"
#~ msgid "Comparison"
#~ msgstr "Comparazione"
#~ msgid "Build workflow"
#~ msgstr "Stato Build"
#~ msgid "GitHub contributors"
#~ msgstr "Collaboratori di GitHub"
#~ msgid "GitHub stars"
#~ msgstr "Stelle di GitHub"
#~ msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:"
#~ msgstr "Il corso è veloce e copre un sacco di terreno:"
#~ msgid "Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker."
#~ msgstr "Giorno 1: Rust base, 'ownership' e 'borrow checker'."
#~ msgid "Rustup (Recommended)"
#~ msgstr "Rustup (consigliato)"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among "
#~ "other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup](https://rust-analyzer."
#~ "github.io/) tool, which is maintained by the Rust Foundation."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Puoi seguire le istruzioni per installare il compilatore rust e cargo, "
#~ "tra gli altri strumenti standard dell'ecosistema con lo strumento [rustup]"
#~ "(https://rust-analyzer.github.io/), gestito dalla Rust Foundation."
#~ msgid "Package Managers"
#~ msgstr "Gestori di pacchetti"
#~ msgid "Debian"
#~ msgstr "Debian"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "This will allow \\[rust-analyzer\\]\\[1\\] to jump to the definitions. We "
#~ "suggest using [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) to edit the code "
#~ "(but any LSP compatible editor works)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ciò consentirà a \\[rust-analyzer\\]\\[1\\] di identificare le "
#~ "definizioni. Si consiglia di utilizzare [VS Code](https://code."
#~ "visualstudio.com/) per editare il codice sorgente (ma qualsiasi editor "
#~ "compatibile con LSP funziona)."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com/"
#~ "clion/) family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own "
#~ "tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin](https://"
#~ "www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Please take note that as of January 2023 "
#~ "debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ad alcune persone piace anche usare la famiglia di IDE [JetBrains]"
#~ "(https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/), che eseguono le proprie analisi ma "
#~ "hanno i propri compromessi. Se li preferisci, puoi installare il [Rust "
#~ "Plugin](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/). Tieni presente che a partire da "
#~ "gennaio 2023 il debug funziona solo sulla versione CLion della suite "
#~ "JetBrains IDEA."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "```shell\n"
#~ "$ cargo new exercise\n"
#~ " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "```shell\n"
#~ "$ cargo new exercise\n"
#~ " Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "```shell\n"
#~ "$ cd exercise\n"
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
#~ "Hello, world!\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "```shell\n"
#~ "$ cd exercise\n"
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
#~ "Hello, world!\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "```shell\n"
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
#~ "Edit me!\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "```shell\n"
#~ "$ cargo run\n"
#~ " Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
#~ " Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
#~ " Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
#~ "Edit me!\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
#~ "fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
#~ " Rectangle { width, height }\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
#~ "fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
#~ " Rectangle { width, height }\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the \\[solutions\\] "
#~ "provided."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Dopo aver esaminato gli esercizi, puoi esaminare le \\[solutions\\] "
#~ "fornite."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the "
#~ "function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Nota che poiché `println!` è una macro, `x` non viene spostata, anche "
#~ "usando la sintassi di funzione simile a `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:"
#~ msgstr "Puoi dichiarare costanti in fase di compilazione:"
#~ msgid "You can also declare static variables:"
#~ msgstr "Puoi anche dichiarare variabili statiche:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you "
#~ "choose, can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically "
#~ "reference counted."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "A seconda dell'astrazione (o combinazione di astrazioni) scelta, può "
#~ "trattarsi di un singolo puntatore univoco, del conteggio dei riferimenti "
#~ "o del conteggio dei riferimenti atomici."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Ecco un confronto approssimativo delle tecniche di gestione della memoria."
#~ msgid "Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
#~ msgstr "Vantaggi di Tecniche differenti di gestione della Memoria"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Manual like C:"
#~ msgstr "Manuale come C:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "No runtime overhead."
#~ msgstr "Nessun sovraccarico di runtime."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Automatic like Java:"
#~ msgstr "Automatico come Java:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Fully automatic."
#~ msgstr "Completamente automatico."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Safe and correct."
#~ msgstr "Sicuro e corretto."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Scope-based like C++:"
#~ msgstr "Basato sull'ambito come C++:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Partially automatic."
#~ msgstr "Parzialmente automatico."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:"
#~ msgstr "Basato sull'ambito imposto dal compilatore come Rust:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Enforced by compiler."
#~ msgstr "Applicato dal compilatore."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
#~ msgstr "Contro di diverse tecniche di gestione della memoria"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Use-after-free."
#~ msgstr "Usa-dopo-gratis."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Double-frees."
#~ msgstr "Doppia libera."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Garbage collection pauses."
#~ msgstr "La raccolta dei rifiuti si interrompe."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Destructor delays."
#~ msgstr "Ritardi del distruttore."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Complex, opt-in by programmer."
#~ msgstr "Complesso, opt-in dal programmatore."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Potential for use-after-free."
#~ msgstr "Potenziale per uso dopo-gratis."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:"
#~ msgstr "Applicato al compilatore e basato sull'ambito come Rust:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Some upfront complexity."
#~ msgstr "Qualche complessità iniziale."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Can reject valid programs."
#~ msgstr "Può rifiutare programmi validi."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The data was _moved_ from `s1` and `s1` is no longer accessible."
#~ msgstr "I dati sono stati _spostati_ da `s1` e `s1` non è più accessibile."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "A small book library,"
#~ msgstr "Una piccola biblioteca di libri,"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Iterators and ownership (hard)."
#~ msgstr "Iteratori e proprietà (hard)."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Simple struct which tracks health statistics."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Struttura semplice che tiene traccia delle statistiche sulla salute."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library."
#~ msgstr "Strutture multiple ed enum per una libreria di disegni."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the "
#~ "data in a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`](../concurrency/shared_state/"
#~ "arc.md)."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Se hai bisogno di mutare i dati all'interno di un `Rc`, dovrai "
#~ "racchiudere i dati un tipo come [`Cell` o `RefCell`](../concurrency/"
#~ "shared_state/arc.md)."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Compare the different datatypes mentioned. `Box` enables (im)mutable "
#~ "borrows that are enforced at compile time. `RefCell` enables (im)mutable "
#~ "borrows that are enforced at run time and will panic if it fails at "
#~ "runtime."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Confronta i diversi tipi di dati menzionati. `Box` abilita i prestiti "
#~ "(im)mutabili che vengono applicati in fase di compilazione. `RefCell` "
#~ "abilita i prestiti (im)mutabili che vengono applicati in fase di "
#~ "esecuzione e andranno in panico se falliscono in fase di esecuzione."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The module content can be omitted:"
#~ msgstr "Il contenuto del modulo può essere omesso:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "The `garden` module content is found at:"
#~ msgstr "Il contenuto del modulo `garden` si trova in:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`src/garden.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)"
#~ msgstr "`src/garden.rs` (moderno stile Rust 2018)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`src/garden/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
#~ msgstr "`src/garden/mod.rs` (vecchio stile Rust 2015)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Allo stesso modo, un modulo `garden::vegetables` può essere trovato in:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`src/garden/vegetables.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)"
#~ msgstr "`src/garden/vegetables.rs` (moderno stile Rust 2018)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "`src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
#~ msgstr "`src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (vecchio stile Rust 2015)"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement "
#~ "the function:"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Copia il seguente codice in <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e implementa il "
#~ "file funzione:"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
#~ "trait NotEqual: Equals {\n"
#~ " fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
#~ " !self.equal(other)\n"
#~ " }\n"
#~ "}\n"
#~ "```"
#~ msgstr "Fornire un'implementazione globale di \"NotEqual\" per \"Equal\"."
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid ""
#~ "**Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label` "
#~ "comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to "
#~ "re-use parts of the solutions as the exercises."
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "**Nota:** Si prega di ignorare `// ANCHOR: etichetta` e `// ANCHOR_END: "
#~ "etichetta` commenti che vedi nelle soluzioni. Sono lì per renderlo "
#~ "possibile riutilizzare parti delle soluzioni come esercizi."