mirror of
https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust.git
synced 2024-12-15 14:27:50 +02:00
a63ab24b95
This is a clean refresh, requires only a syntaxtical review. You can skim this PR with the [GitHub CLI](https://cli.github.com/): ``` gh pr diff 1750 | bat -l patch ```
41224 lines
1.3 MiB
41224 lines
1.3 MiB
msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-01-24T13:24:49+01:00\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-11-07 15:51+0200\n"
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"Last-Translator: Razvan Stefanescu <rstefanescu@google.com>\n"
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"Language-Team: Romanian <translation-team-ro@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
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"Language: ro\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n==1 ? 0 : (n==0 || (n%100 > 0 && n%100 < "
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"20)) ? 1 : 2;\n"
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"X-Generator: Poedit 3.4.1\n"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/index.md
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msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
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msgstr "Bine ați venit la Comprehensive Rust 🦀 (ghidul complet pentu Rust)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course.md
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msgid "Running the Course"
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msgstr "Rularea cursului"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
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msgid "Course Structure"
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msgstr "Structura cursului"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
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msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts"
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msgstr "Scurtături de tastatură"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/running-the-course/translations.md
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msgid "Translations"
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msgstr "Traduceri"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/cargo.md
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msgid "Using Cargo"
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msgstr "Folosirea Cargo"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md
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msgid "Rust Ecosystem"
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msgstr "Ecosistemul Rust"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md
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msgid "Code Samples"
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msgstr "Mostre de cod"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md
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msgid "Running Cargo Locally"
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msgstr "Rularea Cargo local"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md
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msgid "Day 1: Morning"
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msgstr "Ziua 1: Dimineața"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md
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msgid "Welcome"
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msgstr "Bine ați venit"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world.md src/hello-world/hello-world.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Hello, World"
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msgstr "Bună lume!"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
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msgid "What is Rust?"
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msgstr "Ce este Rust?"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world/benefits.md
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msgid "Benefits of Rust"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/hello-world/playground.md
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msgid "Playground"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values.md
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msgid "Types and Values"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/variables.md
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msgid "Variables"
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msgstr "Variabile"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/values.md
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msgid "Values"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
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msgid "Arithmetic"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/strings.md
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msgid "Strings"
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msgstr "Șiruri de caractere"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/inference.md
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msgid "Type Inference"
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msgstr "Inferența de tip"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/exercise.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Exercise: Fibonacci"
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msgstr "Exercițiu: Evaluarea expresiilor"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/types-and-values/solution.md
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#: src/control-flow-basics/solution.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md
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#: src/references/solution.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
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#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
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#: src/generics/solution.md src/std-types/solution.md
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#: src/std-traits/solution.md src/memory-management/solution.md
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#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/borrowing/solution.md
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#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md src/iterators/solution.md
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#: src/modules/solution.md src/testing/solution.md
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#: src/error-handling/solution.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Solution"
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msgstr "Soluții"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Control Flow Basics"
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msgstr "Fluxul de control"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
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msgid "Conditionals"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Loops"
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msgstr "bucle `for`"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "`break` and `continue`"
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msgstr "`break` și `continue`"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
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msgid "Blocks and Scopes"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
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msgid "Functions"
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msgstr "Funcții"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Macros"
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msgstr "macro:"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
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msgid "Exercise: Collatz Sequence"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md
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msgid "Day 1: Afternoon"
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msgstr "Ziua 1: După-amiaza"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md
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#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
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msgid "Tuples and Arrays"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Array Iteration"
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msgstr "Integrarea încărcăturii"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md src/pattern-matching.md
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msgid "Pattern Matching"
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msgstr "Potrivire de șabloane"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
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#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Destructuring"
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msgstr "Destructurarea enumerărilor"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
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msgid "Exercise: Nested Arrays"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references.md
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msgid "References"
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msgstr "Referinţe"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references/shared.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Shared References"
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msgstr "Referinţe"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references/exclusive.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Exclusive References"
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msgstr "Referințe invalide"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/references/exercise.md
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msgid "Exercise: Geometry"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "User-Defined Types"
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msgstr "Tipuri scalare"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Named Structs"
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msgstr "Structuri"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
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msgid "Tuple Structs"
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msgstr "Structuri Tupluri"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/enums.md
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#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
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msgid "Enums"
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msgstr "Enumerări (enums)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Static and Const"
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msgstr "static & const"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/aliases.md
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msgid "Type Aliases"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/user-defined-types/exercise.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Exercise: Elevator Events"
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msgstr "Exercițiu: Evaluarea expresiilor"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md
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msgid "Day 2: Morning"
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msgstr "Ziua 2: Dimineața"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Let Control Flow"
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msgstr "Fluxul de control"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Exercise: Expression Evaluation"
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msgstr "Exercițiu: Evaluarea expresiilor"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Methods and Traits"
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msgstr "Citire și scriere"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
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msgid "Methods"
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msgstr "Metode"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
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msgid "Traits"
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msgstr "Trăsături"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Deriving"
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msgstr "Derivarea trăsăturilor"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Trait Objects"
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msgstr "Obiecte cu trăsături"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md
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msgid "Exercise: Generic Logger"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics.md
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msgid "Generics"
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msgstr "Produse generice"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/generic-functions.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Generic Functions"
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msgstr "Funcții externe"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/generic-data.md
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msgid "Generic Data Types"
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msgstr "Tipuri de date generice"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/trait-bounds.md
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msgid "Trait Bounds"
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msgstr "Limite de trăsături"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/impl-trait.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "`impl Trait`"
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msgstr "`impl Trait`"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/generics/exercise.md
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msgid "Exercise: Generic `min`"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md
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msgid "Day 2: Afternoon"
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msgstr "Ziua 2: După-amiaza"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types.md
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#, fuzzy
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|
msgid "Standard Library Types"
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msgstr "Biblioteca standard"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/std.md
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msgid "Standard Library"
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msgstr "Biblioteca standard"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/docs.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Documentation"
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msgstr "Teste de documentare"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "`Option`"
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msgstr "`Durată`"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md
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|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Result`"
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|
msgstr "`Opțiune`, `Rezultat`"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "`String`"
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msgstr "Sir"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/vec.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "`Vec`"
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msgstr "`Vec`"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/hashmap.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "`HashMap`"
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msgstr "`HashMap`"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-types/exercise.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Exercise: Counter"
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|
msgstr "Exerciții"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Standard Library Traits"
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|
msgstr "Biblioteca standard"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/comparisons.md src/async.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Comparisons"
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msgstr "Comparații"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/operators.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Operators"
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msgstr "Iteratori"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "`From` and `Into`"
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msgstr "`De` și `Întru`"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/casting.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Casting"
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msgstr "Testare"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "`Read` and `Write`"
|
|
msgstr "`Read` și `Write`"
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|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
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msgid "`Default`, struct update syntax"
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msgstr ""
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Closures"
|
|
msgstr "Închideri"
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|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/std-traits/exercise.md
|
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#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: ROT13"
|
|
msgstr "Exerciții"
|
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|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Day 3: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Ziua 3: Dimineața"
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|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid "Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea memoriei"
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|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Review of Program Memory"
|
|
msgstr ""
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|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Approaches to Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea automată a memoriei"
|
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|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/ownership.md
|
|
msgid "Ownership"
|
|
msgstr "Posesia"
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|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "Move Semantics"
|
|
msgstr "Semantica mutărilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "`Clone`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Copy Types"
|
|
msgstr "Tipuri compuse"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Drop`"
|
|
msgstr "Picătură"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Builder Type"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers.md
|
|
msgid "Smart Pointers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Box<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Box`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Rc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Rc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/smart-pointers/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Binary Tree"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Day 3: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Ziua 3: După-amiaza"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing.md
|
|
msgid "Borrowing"
|
|
msgstr "Împrumut"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Borrowing a Value"
|
|
msgstr "Împrumut"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Borrow Checking"
|
|
msgstr "Împrumut"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Interior Mutability"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilitate"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Health Statistics"
|
|
msgstr "Statistici de sănătate"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Slices and Lifetimes"
|
|
msgstr "Durata de viață"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Slices: `&[T]`"
|
|
msgstr "Felii"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "String References"
|
|
msgstr "Referințe invalide"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Lifetime Annotations"
|
|
msgstr "Duratele de viață în apelurile de funcții"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Lifetime Elision"
|
|
msgstr "Durata de viață"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Struct Lifetimes"
|
|
msgstr "Durata de viață"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Protobuf Parsing"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 4: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Ziua 1: Dimineața"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "Iteratori"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/iterator.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Iterator`"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`IntoIterator`"
|
|
msgstr "`IntoIterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`FromIterator`"
|
|
msgstr "FromIterator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/iterators/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules.md src/modules/modules.md
|
|
msgid "Modules"
|
|
msgstr "Module"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy"
|
|
msgstr "Ierarhia sistemului de fișiere"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "Visibility"
|
|
msgstr "Vizibilitate"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "`use`, `super`, `self`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing.md src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "Testing"
|
|
msgstr "Testare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Test Modules"
|
|
msgstr "Module de testare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Other Types of Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Alte proiecte"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/useful-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Useful Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Lăzi utile"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "GoogleTest"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid "Mocking"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid "Compiler Lints and Clippy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Luhn Algorithm"
|
|
msgstr "Algoritmul Luhn"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 4: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Ziua 1: După-amiaza"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea erorilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "Panics"
|
|
msgstr "Panică"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try Operator"
|
|
msgstr "Iterator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try Conversions"
|
|
msgstr "Conversii implicite"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Error` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "`Error`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`thiserror` and `anyhow`"
|
|
msgstr "`De` și `Întru`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea structurată a erorilor cu `Result`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust.md src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Rust nesigur"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe"
|
|
msgstr "nesigură:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
|
|
msgstr "Dereferențierea pointerilor bruți"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
msgid "Mutable Static Variables"
|
|
msgstr "Variabile statice mutabile"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
msgid "Unions"
|
|
msgstr "Sindicate (Unions)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Apelarea funcțiilor nesigure"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Implementarea trăsăturilor nesigure"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "Înfășurătorul FFI sigur"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/android.md
|
|
msgid "Android"
|
|
msgstr "Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/setup.md src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid "Setup"
|
|
msgstr "Setare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr "Reguli de construcție"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Binary"
|
|
msgstr "Binare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Library"
|
|
msgstr "Bibliotecă"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl.md
|
|
msgid "AIDL"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Interface"
|
|
msgstr "Interfață"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "Implementare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Server"
|
|
msgstr "Server"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/deploy.md
|
|
msgid "Deploy"
|
|
msgstr "Lanseaza"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Client"
|
|
msgstr "Client"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/aidl/changing.md
|
|
msgid "Changing API"
|
|
msgstr "Schimbarea API-ului"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/logging.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md
|
|
msgid "Logging"
|
|
msgstr "Jurnalizare (loguri)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
msgid "Interoperability"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilitate"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "With C"
|
|
msgstr "Cu C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Calling C with Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "Apelarea C cu Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Calling Rust from C"
|
|
msgstr "Apelarea Rust din C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp.md
|
|
msgid "With C++"
|
|
msgstr "Cu C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Bridge Module"
|
|
msgstr "Module de testare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Bridge"
|
|
msgstr "Binare Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Generated C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "C++ Bridge"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Shared Types"
|
|
msgstr "Tipuri scalare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md
|
|
msgid "Shared Enums"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea erorilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "C++ Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea erorilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "Additional Types"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Building for Android: C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Building for Android: Genrules"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Building for Android: Rust"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "With Java"
|
|
msgstr "Cu Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/android/morning.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "Exerciții"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Comparing Chromium and Cargo Ecosystems"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Policy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Code"
|
|
msgstr "Rust nesigur"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md
|
|
msgid "Depending on Rust Code from Chromium C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid "Visual Studio Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Exerciții"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md
|
|
msgid "`rust_gtest_interop` Library"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md
|
|
msgid "GN Rules for Rust Tests"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid "`chromium::import!` Macro"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with C++"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilitate cu C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Example Bindings"
|
|
msgstr "Exemple"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid "Limitations of CXX"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea erorilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Error Handling: QR Example"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea erorilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Error Handling: PNG Example"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea erorilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Using CXX in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Adding Third Party Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Configuring Cargo.toml"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
msgid "Configuring `gnrt_config.toml`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Downloading Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Generating `gn` Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Resolving Problems"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md
|
|
msgid "Build Scripts Which Generate Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid "Build Scripts Which Build C++ or Take Arbitrary Actions"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid "Depending on a Crate"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Reviews and Audits"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Checking into Chromium Source Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md
|
|
msgid "Keeping Crates Up to Date"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Bringing It Together - Exercise"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "Soluții"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Bare Metal: Dimineața"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`no_std`"
|
|
msgstr "`no_std`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "A Minimal Example"
|
|
msgstr "Un exemplu minimalist"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/no_std.md src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`alloc`"
|
|
msgstr "`alloc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md
|
|
msgid "Microcontrollers"
|
|
msgstr "Microcontrolere"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "Raw MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "MMIO brut"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "PACs"
|
|
msgstr "PAC-uri"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "HAL Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Lăzi (crates) HAL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Board Support Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Lăzi de suport pentru plăci"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Type State Pattern"
|
|
msgstr "Modelul de stare de tip"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`embedded-hal`"
|
|
msgstr "`embedded-hal`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`probe-rs` and `cargo-embed`"
|
|
msgstr "`probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
msgid "Debugging"
|
|
msgstr "Depanare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Other Projects"
|
|
msgstr "Alte proiecte"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Compass"
|
|
msgstr "Busolă"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "Soluții"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Bare Metal: După-amiază"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Application Processors"
|
|
msgstr "Procesatori de aplicații"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
msgid "Getting Ready to Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Pregătiți pentru Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Inline Assembly"
|
|
msgstr "Ansamblare în linie"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "MMIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Să scriem un driver UART"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "More Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Mai multe trăsături"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "A Better UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Un driver UART mai bun"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bitflags"
|
|
msgstr "Bitflags"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Multiple Registers"
|
|
msgstr "Registre multiple"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Conductor (driver)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Using It"
|
|
msgstr "Utilizarea acestuia"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
msgid "Exceptions"
|
|
msgstr "Excepții"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`zerocopy`"
|
|
msgstr "`zerocopie`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`aarch64-paging`"
|
|
msgstr "`aarch64-paging`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`buddy_system_allocator`"
|
|
msgstr "`buddy_system_allocator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`tinyvec`"
|
|
msgstr "`tinyvec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`spin`"
|
|
msgstr "`spin`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`vmbase`"
|
|
msgstr "vmbase"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "RTC Driver"
|
|
msgstr "Conductor RTC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Concurrency: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Concurență: Dimineața"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
msgid "Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Conversatii"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Scoped Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Filete de acoperire"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
msgid "Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canale"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md
|
|
msgid "Unbounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canale nerestricționate"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canale delimitate"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Send` and `Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send` și `Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Send`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
msgid "Examples"
|
|
msgstr "Exemple"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared_state.md
|
|
msgid "Shared State"
|
|
msgstr "Statut comun"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Arc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Arc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Mutex`"
|
|
msgstr "`Mutex`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md
|
|
msgid "Example"
|
|
msgstr "Exemplu"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "Dining Philosophers"
|
|
msgstr "Filozofii la masă"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "Verificator de legături cu mai multe fire de execuție"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Concurență: După-amiază"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Async Basics"
|
|
msgstr "Bazele Async"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/async-await.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`async`/`await`"
|
|
msgstr "`async`/`await`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/futures.md
|
|
msgid "Futures"
|
|
msgstr "Futures"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/runtimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Runtimes"
|
|
msgstr "Timpi de execuție"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "Tokio"
|
|
msgstr "Tokio"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md src/async/tasks.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "Tasks"
|
|
msgstr "Task-uri"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/channels.md
|
|
msgid "Async Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canale asincrone"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "Fluxul de control"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "Join"
|
|
msgstr "Alăturare (join)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "Select"
|
|
msgstr "Selecție (select)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Pitfalls"
|
|
msgstr "Capcane"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Blocking the Executor"
|
|
msgstr "Blocarea executorului"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "`Pin`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid "Async Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Trăsături asincrone"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "Cancellation"
|
|
msgstr "Anulare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "Broadcast Chat Application"
|
|
msgstr "Aplicație de chat cu difuzare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Final Words"
|
|
msgstr "Ultimele cuvinte"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/thanks.md
|
|
msgid "Thanks!"
|
|
msgstr "Va multumim !"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid "Glossary"
|
|
msgstr "Glosar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md
|
|
msgid "Other Resources"
|
|
msgstr "Alte resurse"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md src/credits.md
|
|
msgid "Credits"
|
|
msgstr "Credite"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[![Build workflow](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain) [!"
|
|
"[GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![GitHub stars](https://img.shields."
|
|
"io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github."
|
|
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[![Fluxul de construcție](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/"
|
|
"status/google/comprehensive-rust/build.yml?style=flat-square)](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?"
|
|
"query=branch%3Amain) [![Contribuitori GitHub](https://img.shields.io/github/"
|
|
"contributors/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)](https://github."
|
|
"com/google/comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors) [![Stele GitHub](https://"
|
|
"img.shields.io/github/stars/google/comprehensive-rust?style=flat-square)]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a free Rust course developed by the Android team at Google. The "
|
|
"course covers the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced "
|
|
"topics like generics and error handling."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acesta este un curs gratuit de Rust dezvoltat de echipa Android de la "
|
|
"Google. Cursul acoperă întregul spectru Rust, de la sintaxa de bază până la "
|
|
"subiecte avansate, cum ar fi genericele și gestionarea erorilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The latest version of the course can be found at <https://google.github.io/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/>. If you are reading somewhere else, please check there "
|
|
"for updates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cea mai recentă versiune a cursului poate fi găsită la adresa <https://"
|
|
"google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/>. Dacă citiți în altă parte, vă rugăm "
|
|
"să verificați acolo pentru actualizări."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know "
|
|
"anything about Rust and hope to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Scopul cursului este de a vă învăța Rust. Presupunem că nu știți nimic "
|
|
"despre Rust și, la sfârșit, sperăm să:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language."
|
|
msgstr "Aveți o înțelegere cuprinzătoare a sintaxei și a limbajului Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți să modificați programele existente și să scrieți programe noi în Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Show you common Rust idioms."
|
|
msgstr "Cunoașteți expresii uzuale din Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We call the first four course days Rust Fundamentals."
|
|
msgstr "Primele trei zile de curs se numesc Rust Fundamentals."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Building on this, you're invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pornind de la acestea, sunteți invitați să aprofundați unul sau mai multe "
|
|
"subiecte specializate:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform "
|
|
"development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): un curs de o jumătate de zi despre utilizarea Rust "
|
|
"pentru dezvoltarea platformei Android (AOSP). Acesta include "
|
|
"interoperabilitatea cu C, C++ și Java."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Chromium](chromium.md): a half-day course on using Rust within Chromium "
|
|
"based browsers. This includes interoperability with C++ and how to include "
|
|
"third-party crates in Chromium."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Android](android.md): un curs de o jumătate de zi despre utilizarea Rust "
|
|
"pentru dezvoltarea platformei Android (AOSP). Acesta include "
|
|
"interoperabilitatea cu C, C++ și Java."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a whole-day class on using Rust for bare-metal "
|
|
"(embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are "
|
|
"covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): un curs de o zi întreagă despre utilizarea Rust "
|
|
"pentru dezvoltarea bare-metal (încorporată). Sunt acoperite atât "
|
|
"microcontrolerele, cât și procesoarele de aplicații."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Concurrency](concurrency.md): a whole-day class on concurrency in Rust. We "
|
|
"cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and "
|
|
"mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using "
|
|
"futures)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Concurrency](concurrency.md): un curs de o zi întreagă despre concurența în "
|
|
"Rust. Acoperim atât concurența clasică (programarea preemptivă folosind fire "
|
|
"de execuție și mutexuri), cât și concurența async/await (multitasking "
|
|
"cooperativ folosind futures)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Non-Goals"
|
|
msgstr "Alte obiective decât cele de bază"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few "
|
|
"days. Some non-goals of this course are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust este un limbaj mare și nu vom putea acoperi toate aspectele în câteva "
|
|
"zile. Câteva dintre non-obiectivele acestui curs sunt:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Learning how to develop macros: please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust Book]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by Example]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Învățarea modului de dezvoltare a macrocomenzilor: vă rugăm să consultați în "
|
|
"schimb [Capitolul 19.5 din Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-"
|
|
"macros.html) și [Rust by Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/"
|
|
"macros.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid "Assumptions"
|
|
msgstr "Ipoteze"
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a "
|
|
"statically-typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and "
|
|
"C++ to better explain or contrast the Rust approach."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cursul pornește de la premisa că știți deja să programați. Rust este un "
|
|
"limbaj cu tipare statică și uneori vom face comparații cu C și C++ pentru a "
|
|
"explica mai bine sau a contrasta abordarea Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you know how to program in a dynamically-typed language such as Python or "
|
|
"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă știți să programați într-un limbaj cu tipuri dinamice, cum ar fi Python "
|
|
"sau JavaScript, atunci veți putea să vă descurcați foarte bine."
|
|
|
|
#: src/index.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional "
|
|
"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor "
|
|
"should cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acesta este un exemplu de _notițe pentru prezentator_. Le vom folosi pentru "
|
|
"a adăuga informații suplimentare la diapozitive. Acestea pot fi puncte cheie "
|
|
"pe care instructorul ar trebui să le abordeze, precum și răspunsuri la "
|
|
"întrebări tipice care apar în clasă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "This page is for the course instructor."
|
|
msgstr "Această pagină este destinată instructorului de curs."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the "
|
|
"course internally at Google."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Iată câteva informații de fond despre modul în care am desfășurat cursul în "
|
|
"cadrul Google."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We typically run classes from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, with a 1 hour lunch break "
|
|
"in the middle. This leaves 3 hours for the morning class and 3 hours for the "
|
|
"afternoon class. Both sessions contain multiple breaks and time for students "
|
|
"to work on exercises."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De obicei, cursurile se desfășoară între orele 10:00 și 16:00, cu o pauză de "
|
|
"masă de o oră la mijloc. Astfel, rămân 2,5 ore pentru cursul de dimineață și "
|
|
"2,5 ore pentru cursul de după-amiază. Rețineți că aceasta este doar o "
|
|
"recomandare: puteți, de asemenea, să petreceți 3 ore la sesiunea de "
|
|
"dimineață pentru a le oferi oamenilor mai mult timp pentru exerciții. "
|
|
"Dezavantajul unei sesiuni mai lungi este că participanții pot deveni foarte "
|
|
"obosiți după 6 ore întregi de curs după-amiaza."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:"
|
|
msgstr "Înainte de a parcurge cursul, veți dori să:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker "
|
|
"notes to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more "
|
|
"speaker notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker "
|
|
"notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker "
|
|
"Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vă familiarizați cu materialul de curs. Am inclus note ale vorbitorului "
|
|
"pentru a evidenția punctele cheie (vă rugăm să ne ajutați contribuind cu mai "
|
|
"multe note pentru prezentare!). Atunci când prezentați, asigurați-vă că "
|
|
"deschideți notele prezentatorului într-o fereastră pop-up (faceți clic pe "
|
|
"link-ul cu o săgeată mică de lângă \"Speaker Notes\"). În acest fel, veți "
|
|
"avea un ecran curat pentru a prezenta în fața clasei."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Decide on the dates. Since the course takes four days, we recommend that you "
|
|
"schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants have said that they "
|
|
"find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process all "
|
|
"the information we give them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Decideți datele. Deoarece cursul durează cel puțin trei zile întregi, vă "
|
|
"recomandăm să programați zilele pe parcursul a două săptămâni. Participanții "
|
|
"la curs au spus că li se pare util să existe un interval în timpul cursului, "
|
|
"deoarece îi ajută să proceseze toate informațiile pe care le oferim."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a "
|
|
"class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable "
|
|
"asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have "
|
|
"time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself "
|
|
"and for the students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your "
|
|
"laptops. In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an "
|
|
"instructor, so a lectern won't be very helpful for you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Găsiți o sală suficient de mare pentru participanții prezenți. Vă recomandăm "
|
|
"o clasă de 15-25 de persoane. Este suficient de mică pentru ca oamenii să se "
|
|
"simtă confortabil să pună întrebări --- este, de asemenea, suficient de mică "
|
|
"pentru ca un instructor să aibă timp să răspundă la întrebări. Asigurați-vă "
|
|
"că sala are _locuri/birouri pentru dumneavoastră și pentru studenți: cu "
|
|
"toții veți avea nevoie să puteți sta jos și să lucrați cu laptopurile. În "
|
|
"special, în calitate de instructor, veți face o mulțime de live-coding, așa "
|
|
"că un pupitru nu vă va fi de mare ajutor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things "
|
|
"up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your "
|
|
"laptop (see the [installation instructions](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust#building)). This ensures optimal performance with no lag "
|
|
"as you change pages. Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as "
|
|
"you or the course participants spot them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ajungeți în sală cu suficient timp înainte pentru a pregăti totul. Vă "
|
|
"recomandăm să prezentați direct folosind `mdbook serve` care rulează pe "
|
|
"laptopul dumneavoastră (consultați [instrucțiuni de instalare](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust#building)). Acest lucru asigură o "
|
|
"performanță optimă, fără întârzieri în timp ce schimbați paginile. Folosirea "
|
|
"laptopului vă va permite, de asemenea, să corectați greșelile de tipar pe "
|
|
"măsură ce dumneavoastră sau participanții la curs le descoperiți."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. We "
|
|
"typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the "
|
|
"afternoon (including time to review the solutions). Make sure to ask people "
|
|
"if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When you see "
|
|
"that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class and "
|
|
"offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant "
|
|
"information in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Lăsați participanții să rezolve exercițiile singuri sau în grupuri mici. În "
|
|
"mod obișnuit, dedicăm 30-45 de minute exercițiilor dimineața și după-amiaza "
|
|
"(inclusiv timpul necesar pentru revizuirea soluțiilor). Asigurați-vă că îi "
|
|
"întrebați pe cursanți dacă s-au blocat sau dacă există ceva cu care îi "
|
|
"puteți ajuta. Când vedeți că mai multe persoane au aceeași problemă, "
|
|
"anunțați clasa și oferiți o soluție, de exemplu, arătând unde se pot găsi "
|
|
"informațiile relevante în biblioteca standard."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun "
|
|
"for you as it has been for us!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Asta e tot, mult succes în prezentarea cursului! Sperăm că va fi la fel de "
|
|
"distractiv pentru voi cum a fost pentru noi!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please [provide feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"discussions/86) afterwards so that we can keep improving the course. We "
|
|
"would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made better. "
|
|
"Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vă rugăm să [oferiți sugestii](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"discussions/86) după aceea, astfel încât să putem îmbunătăți cursul. Ne-ar "
|
|
"plăcea să aflăm ce a funcționat bine pentru dvs. și ce poate fi îmbunătățit. "
|
|
"Studenții dumneavoastră sunt, de asemenea, foarte bineveniți să [ne trimită "
|
|
"feedback](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100)!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Rust Fundamentals"
|
|
msgstr "Fundamentele Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The first four days make up [Rust Fundamentals](../welcome-day-1.md). The "
|
|
"days are fast paced and we cover a lot of ground!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Primele trei zile alcătuiesc [Fundamentele Rust](../welcome-day-1.md). "
|
|
"Zilele se desfășoară într-un ritm rapid și acoperim o mulțime de subiecte:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Course schedule:"
|
|
msgstr "Structura cursului"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Morning (3 hours, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-1.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Hello, World](../hello-world.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Types and Values](../types-and-values.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Control Flow Basics](../control-flow-basics.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon (2 hours and 55 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Tuples and Arrays](../tuples-and-arrays.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[References](../references.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[User-Defined Types](../user-defined-types.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Morning (3 hours and 5 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-2.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Pattern Matching](../pattern-matching.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consultați [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) pentru mai multe "
|
|
"detalii despre tipare în Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Methods and Traits](../methods-and-traits.md) (55 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Generics](../generics.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon (3 hours, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr "Ziua 2 Exerciții de după-amiază"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Standard Library Types](../std-types.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Standard Library Traits](../std-traits.md) (1 hour and 40 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Morning (2 hours and 15 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-3.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Memory Management](../memory-management.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Smart Pointers](../smart-pointers.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon (2 hours and 20 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Borrowing](../borrowing.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Slices and Lifetimes](../slices-and-lifetimes.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Day 4 Morning (3 hours and 5 minutes, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](../welcome-day-4.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Iterators](../iterators.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Modules](../modules.md) (40 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Testing](../testing.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Day 4 Afternoon (2 hours, including breaks)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Error Handling](../error-handling.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "[Unsafe Rust](../unsafe-rust.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Deep Dives"
|
|
msgstr "Subiecte aprofundate"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition to the 4-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more "
|
|
"specialized topics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În plus față de cursul de 3 zile despre fundamentele Rust, abordăm câteva "
|
|
"subiecte mai specializate:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Rust in Android"
|
|
msgstr "Rust în Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Rust in Android](../android.md) deep dive is a half-day course on using "
|
|
"Rust for Android platform development. This includes interoperability with "
|
|
"C, C++, and Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust în Android](../android.md) este un curs de o jumătate de zi despre "
|
|
"utilizarea Rust pentru dezvoltarea platformei Android. Acesta include "
|
|
"interoperabilitatea cu C, C++ și Java."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need an [AOSP checkout](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
|
|
"download/downloading). Make a checkout of the [course repository](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) on the same machine and move the `src/"
|
|
"android/` directory into the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure "
|
|
"that the Android build system sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Veți avea nevoie de un [sursele AOSP](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
|
|
"download/downloading). Efectuați o descărcare a [resurselor cursului]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust) pe aceeași mașină și mutați "
|
|
"directorul `src/android/` în rădăcina surselor AOSP. Acest lucru va asigura "
|
|
"că sistemul de compilare Android vede fișierele `Android.bp` din `src/"
|
|
"android/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build "
|
|
"all Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to "
|
|
"see the commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Asigurați-vă că `adb sync` funcționează cu emulatorul sau cu dispozitivul "
|
|
"real și precompilați toate exemplele Android folosind `src/android/build_all."
|
|
"sh`. Citiți scriptul pentru a vedea comenzile pe care le execută și "
|
|
"asigurați-vă că acestea funcționează atunci când le executați manual."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr "Rust în Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Rust in Chromium](../chromium.md) deep dive is a half-day course on "
|
|
"using Rust as part of the Chromium browser. It includes using Rust in "
|
|
"Chromium's `gn` build system, bringing in third-party libraries (\"crates\") "
|
|
"and C++ interoperability."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need to be able to build Chromium --- a debug, component build is "
|
|
"[recommended](../chromium/setup.md) for speed but any build will work. "
|
|
"Ensure that you can run the Chromium browser that you've built."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Bare-Metal Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Rust direct pe placă"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Bare-Metal Rust](../bare-metal.md) deep dive is a full day class on "
|
|
"using Rust for bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and "
|
|
"application processors are covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust direct pe placă](../bare-metal.md) este un curs de o zi întreagă "
|
|
"despre utilizarea Rust pentru dezvoltarea bare-metal (embedded). Sunt "
|
|
"acoperite atât microcontrolerele, cât și procesoarele de aplicații."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC micro:bit]"
|
|
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody will "
|
|
"need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome page](../"
|
|
"bare-metal.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru partea de microcontroler, va trebui să cumpărați din timp placa de "
|
|
"dezvoltare [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2. Toată lumea va trebui "
|
|
"să instaleze o serie de pachete, așa cum este descris pe [pagina de bun "
|
|
"venit](../bare-metal.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Concurrency in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Concurență în Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Concurrency in Rust](../concurrency.md) deep dive is a full day class "
|
|
"on classical as well as `async`/`await` concurrency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Concurența în Rust] (../concurrency.md) este un curs de o zi întreagă "
|
|
"despre concurența clasică, precum și despre concurența `async`/`await`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready "
|
|
"to go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment "
|
|
"with them:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Veți avea nevoie de un nou crate configurat și de dependențele descărcate și "
|
|
"pregătite. Puteți apoi să copiați exemplele în `src/main.rs` pentru a "
|
|
"experimenta cu ele:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid "Format"
|
|
msgstr "Format"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the "
|
|
"questions drive the exploration of Rust!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cursul se dorește a fi foarte interactiv și vă recomandăm să lăsați "
|
|
"întrebările să conducă explorarea Rust!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:"
|
|
msgstr "În mdBook există mai multe comenzi rapide utile de la tastatură:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
msgid "Arrow-Left"
|
|
msgstr "Săgeată-stânga"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
msgid ": Navigate to the previous page."
|
|
msgstr ": Navigați la pagina anterioară."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
msgid "Arrow-Right"
|
|
msgstr "Săgeată-dreapta"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
msgid ": Navigate to the next page."
|
|
msgstr ": Navigați la pagina următoare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid "Ctrl + Enter"
|
|
msgstr "Ctrl + Enter"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
msgid ": Execute the code sample that has focus."
|
|
msgstr ": Executați mostra de cod care are focusul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
msgid "s"
|
|
msgstr "S"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md
|
|
msgid ": Activate the search bar."
|
|
msgstr ": Activați bara de căutare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful "
|
|
"volunteers:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cursul a fost tradus în alte limbi de către o serie de voluntari minunați:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Brazilian Portuguese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) "
|
|
"by [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github."
|
|
"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes), and "
|
|
"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Braziliană portugheză](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/pt-BR/) "
|
|
"de [@rastringer](https://github.com/rastringer), [@hugojacob](https://github."
|
|
"com/hugojacob), [@joaovicmendes](https://github.com/joaovicmendes) și "
|
|
"[@henrif75](https://github.com/henrif75)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Chinese (Simplified)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-CN/) "
|
|
"by [@suetfei](https://github.com/suetfei), [@wnghl](https://github.com/"
|
|
"wnghl), [@anlunx](https://github.com/anlunx), [@kongy](https://github.com/"
|
|
"kongy), [@noahdragon](https://github.com/noahdragon), [@superwhd](https://"
|
|
"github.com/superwhd), [@SketchK](https://github.com/SketchK), and [@nodmp]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/nodmp)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Chineză (simplificată)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-CN/) "
|
|
"de [@suetfei](https://github.com/suetfei), [@wnghl](https://github.com/"
|
|
"wnghl), [@anlunx](https://github.com/anlunx), [@kongy](https://github.com/"
|
|
"kongy), [@noahdragon](https://github.com/noahdragon), [@superwhd](https://"
|
|
"github.com/superwhd), [@SketchK](https://github.com/SketchK), și [@nodmp]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/nodmp)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Chinese (Traditional)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-TW/) "
|
|
"by [@hueich](https://github.com/hueich), [@victorhsieh](https://github.com/"
|
|
"victorhsieh), [@mingyc](https://github.com/mingyc), [@kuanhungchen](https://"
|
|
"github.com/kuanhungchen), and [@johnathan79717](https://github.com/"
|
|
"johnathan79717)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Chineză (tradițională)](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/zh-TW/) "
|
|
"de [@hueich](https://github.com/hueich), [@victorhsieh](https://github.com/"
|
|
"victorhsieh), [@mingyc](https://github.com/mingyc), [@kuanhungchen](https://"
|
|
"github.com/kuanhungchen), și [@johnathan79717](https://github.com/"
|
|
"johnathan79717)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Korean](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) by [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp), and "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Coreană](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ko/) de [@keispace]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/keispace), [@jiyongp](https://github.com/jiyongp) și "
|
|
"[@jooyunghan](https://github.com/jooyunghan)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Spanish](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/es/) by [@deavid]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/deavid)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Spaniolă](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/es/) de [@deavid]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/deavid)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați selectorul de limbă din colțul din dreapta sus pentru a comuta "
|
|
"între limbi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid "Incomplete Translations"
|
|
msgstr "Traduceri incomplete"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is a large number of in-progress translations. We link to the most "
|
|
"recently updated translations:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Există un număr mare de traduceri în curs de realizare. Iată cele mai "
|
|
"recente traduceri actualizate:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Bengali](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) by [@raselmandol]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/raselmandol)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Bengaleză](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/bn/) de "
|
|
"[@raselmandol](https://github.com/raselmandol)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[French](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) by [@KookaS]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/KookaS) and [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Franceză](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/fr/) de [@KookaS]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/KookaS) și [@vcaen](https://github.com/vcaen)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[German](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) by [@Throvn]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/Throvn) and [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Germană](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/de/) de [@Throvn]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/Throvn) și [@ronaldfw](https://github.com/ronaldfw)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Japanese](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) by [@CoinEZ-JPN]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) and [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/"
|
|
"momotaro1105)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Japoneză](https://google.github.io/comprehensive-rust/ja/) de [@CoinEZ-JPN]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/CoinEZ) și [@momotaro1105](https://github.com/"
|
|
"momotaro1105)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/TRANSLATIONS.md) for how to "
|
|
"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker](https://"
|
|
"github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/issues/282)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă doriți să contribuiți la acest efort, vă rugăm să consultați "
|
|
"[instrucțiunile noastre](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/blob/"
|
|
"main/TRANSLATIONS.md) pentru a afla cum să începeți. Traducerile sunt "
|
|
"coordonate pe [issue tracker](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/"
|
|
"issues/282)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool used in the Rust ecosystem to build "
|
|
"and run Rust applications. Here we want to give a brief overview of what "
|
|
"Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem and how it fits into this "
|
|
"training."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Când începeți să citiți despre Rust, veți face cunoștință cu [Cargo](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/), instrumentul standard utilizat în ecosistemul "
|
|
"Rust pentru a construi și rula aplicații Rust. Aici dorim să oferim o scurtă "
|
|
"prezentare generală a ceea ce este Cargo și a modului în care se integrează "
|
|
"în ecosistemul mai larg și cum se încadrează în acest curs de formare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Installation"
|
|
msgstr "Instalare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "**Please follow the instructions on <https://rustup.rs/>.**"
|
|
msgstr "**Vă rugăm să urmați instrucțiunile de pe <https://rustup.rs/>.**"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This will give you the Cargo build tool (`cargo`) and the Rust compiler "
|
|
"(`rustc`). You will also get `rustup`, a command line utility that you can "
|
|
"use to install to different compiler versions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Astfel veți avea acces la instrumentul de compilare Cargo (`cargo`) și "
|
|
"compilatorul Rust (`rustc`). De asemenea, veți obține `rustup`, un utilitar "
|
|
"de linie de comandă pe care îl puteți utiliza pentru a instala la diferite "
|
|
"versiuni de compilator."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After installing Rust, you should configure your editor or IDE to work with "
|
|
"Rust. Most editors do this by talking to [rust-analyzer](https://rust-"
|
|
"analyzer.github.io/), which provides auto-completion and jump-to-definition "
|
|
"functionality for [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), [Emacs](https://"
|
|
"rust-analyzer.github.io/manual.html#emacs), [Vim/Neovim](https://rust-"
|
|
"analyzer.github.io/manual.html#vimneovim), and many others. There is also a "
|
|
"different IDE available called [RustRover](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"După instalarea Rust, trebuie să vă configurați editorul sau IDE-ul pentru a "
|
|
"lucra cu Rust. Majoritatea editorilor fac acest lucru comunicând cu [rust-"
|
|
"analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/), care oferă funcționalitate de "
|
|
"autocompletare și de salt la definiție pentru [VS Code](https://code."
|
|
"visualstudio.com/), [Emacs](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/manual."
|
|
"html#emacs), [Vim/Neovim](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/manual."
|
|
"html#vimneovim) și multe altele. Există, de asemenea, un alt IDE disponibil, "
|
|
"numit [RustRover](https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can also install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust "
|
|
"formatter](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) via `apt`. However, this "
|
|
"gets you an outdated rust version and may lead to unexpected behavior. The "
|
|
"command would be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pe Debian/Ubuntu, puteți instala, de asemenea, Cargo, sursele Rust și "
|
|
"[instrumentul de formatare Rust](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt) prin "
|
|
"`apt`. Dar veți avea acces la o versiune Rust învechită care poate duce la "
|
|
"un comportament neașteptat. Comanda ar fi:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid "The Rust Ecosystem"
|
|
msgstr "Ecosistemul Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ecosistemul Rust este format dintr-un număr de instrumente, dintre care "
|
|
"principalele sunt:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other "
|
|
"intermediate formats."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`rustc`: compilatorul Rust care transformă fișierele `.rs` în fișiere binare "
|
|
"și alte formate intermediare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to "
|
|
"download dependencies, usually hosted on <https://crates.io>, and it will "
|
|
"pass them to `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a "
|
|
"built-in test runner which is used to execute unit tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`cargo`: managerul de dependențe Rust și instrumentul de construcție. Cargo "
|
|
"știe cum să descarce dependențele, de obicei găzduite pe <https://crates."
|
|
"io>, și le va transmite la `rustc` atunci când vă construiți proiectul. "
|
|
"Cargo vine, de asemenea, cu un instrument de rulat testele încorporat care "
|
|
"este folosit pentru a executa testele unitare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to "
|
|
"install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust are "
|
|
"released. In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the "
|
|
"standard library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once "
|
|
"and `rustup` will let you switch between them as needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`rustup`: programul de instalare și actualizare a lanțului de instrumente "
|
|
"Rust. Acest instrument este utilizat pentru a instala și actualiza `rustc` "
|
|
"și `cargo` atunci când sunt lansate noi versiuni de Rust. În plus, `rustup` "
|
|
"poate descărca și documentația pentru biblioteca standard. Puteți avea mai "
|
|
"multe versiuni de Rust instalate în același timp, iar `rustup` vă va permite "
|
|
"să treceți de la una la alta în funcție de necesități."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md src/references/exclusive.md
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md src/android/setup.md src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid "Key points:"
|
|
msgstr "Puncte-cheie:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out every six "
|
|
"weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with old releases --- "
|
|
"plus they enable new functionality."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust are un program de actualizare rapidă, cu o nouă versiune la fiecare "
|
|
"șase săptămâni. Noile versiuni mențin compatibilitatea cu versiunile vechi "
|
|
"și adaugă noi funcționalități."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Există trei canale de actualizare: \"stable\", \"beta\" și \"nightly\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes "
|
|
"\"stable\" every six weeks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Noile caracteristici sunt testate pe \"nightly\", \"beta\" este ceea ce "
|
|
"devine \"stabil\" la fiecare șase săptămâni."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dependencies can also be resolved from alternative [registries](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html), git, folders, and more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De asemenea, dependențele pot fi rezolvate din [registre](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/cargo/reference/registries.html) alternative, git, dosare și altele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust also has [editions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): the "
|
|
"current edition is Rust 2021. Previous editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust are, de asemenea, [ediții](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/): "
|
|
"ediția curentă este Rust 2021. Edițiile anterioare au fost Rust 2015 și Rust "
|
|
"2018."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to the "
|
|
"language."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Noile edițiile au dreptul de a face modificări ale limbajului incompatibile "
|
|
"cu versiuni mai vechi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the edition for "
|
|
"your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru a preveni stricarea codului, edițiile sunt opționale: selectați "
|
|
"ediția pentru crate-ul dumneavoastră prin intermediul fișierului `Cargo."
|
|
"toml`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code written for "
|
|
"different editions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru a evita divizarea ecosistemului, compilatoarele Rust pot amesteca "
|
|
"coduri scrise pentru ediții diferite."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through "
|
|
"`cargo` (most users never do)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Menționăm că este destul de rar să folosiți compilatorul direct și nu prin "
|
|
"`cargo` (majoritatea utilizatorilor nu o fac niciodată)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and "
|
|
"comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but "
|
|
"not limited to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este util să menționăm că Cargo în sine este un instrument extrem de "
|
|
"puternic și cuprinzător. Acesta are multe caracteristici avansate, "
|
|
"incluzând: "
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid "Project/package structure"
|
|
msgstr "Structura proiectului/pachetului"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid "[workspaces](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[spații de lucru](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid "Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Gestionarea/arhivarea dependențelor de dezvoltare și a dependențelor de timp "
|
|
"de execuție"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[build scripting](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts."
|
|
"html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[scripturile de build](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-"
|
|
"scripts.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[global installation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install."
|
|
"html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[instalarea globală](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install."
|
|
"html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo "
|
|
"clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este, de asemenea, extensibil cu pluginuri de subcomandă (cum ar fi [cargo "
|
|
"clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy))."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Read more from the [official Cargo Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Citiți mai multe din [cartea oficială Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"cargo/)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid "Code Samples in This Training"
|
|
msgstr "Exemple de cod în aceast curs"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples "
|
|
"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier "
|
|
"and ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cadrul acestui curs, vom explora limbajul Rust în principal prin exemple "
|
|
"care pot fi executate prin intermediul browserului dumneavoastră. Acest "
|
|
"lucru face configurarea mult mai ușoară și asigură o experiență coerentă "
|
|
"pentru toată lumea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do "
|
|
"the exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you "
|
|
"how to work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Instalarea Cargo este în continuare încurajată: vă va fi mai ușor să faceți "
|
|
"exercițiile. În ultima zi, vom face un exercițiu mai amplu care vă va arăta "
|
|
"cum să lucrați cu dependențele și pentru care aveți nevoie de Cargo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
|
|
msgstr "Blocurile de cod din acest curs sunt complet interactive:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid "\"Edit me!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid "You can use "
|
|
msgstr "Puteți utiliza "
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid " to execute the code when focus is in the text box."
|
|
msgstr " pentru a executa codul atunci când focusul se află în caseta de text."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples are not "
|
|
"editable for various reasons:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Majoritatea mostrelor de cod sunt editabile, așa cum se arată mai sus. "
|
|
"Câteva mostre de cod nu sunt editabile din diverse motive:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the code and "
|
|
"open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Zonele de încercare încorporate nu pot executa teste unitare. Copiați și "
|
|
"lipiți codul și deschideți-l în locul de zona de lucru locală pentru a "
|
|
"demonstra testele unitare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate away from "
|
|
"the page! This is the reason that the students should solve the exercises "
|
|
"using a local Rust installation or via the Playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Zonele de încercare încorporate își pierd starea în momentul în care "
|
|
"navigați în afara paginii! Acesta este motivul pentru care elevii trebuie să "
|
|
"rezolve exercițiile folosind o instalare locală de Rust sau prin intermediul "
|
|
"zonei de încercare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid "Running Code Locally with Cargo"
|
|
msgstr "Rularea codului la nivel local cu Cargo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will "
|
|
"need to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the "
|
|
"Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). This "
|
|
"should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of writing, the "
|
|
"latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă doriți să experimentați cu codul pe propriul sistem, va trebui să "
|
|
"instalați mai întâi Rust. Faceți acest lucru urmând [instrucțiunile din "
|
|
"Cartea Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html). Veți "
|
|
"avea astfel un `rustc` și un `cargo` funcțional. La momentul scrierii "
|
|
"acestui articol, cea mai recentă versiune stabilă Rust are versiunea:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use any later version too since Rust maintains backwards "
|
|
"compatibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți utiliza și orice versiune ulterioară, deoarece Rust păstrează "
|
|
"compatibilitatea cu versiunile anterioare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one of "
|
|
"the examples in this training:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ulterior urmați acești pași pentru a construi un binar Rust din unul dintre "
|
|
"exemplele din acest curs de instruire:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid "Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Apăsați pe butonul \"Copy to clipboard\" (Copiere în clipboard) al "
|
|
"exemplului pe care doriți să îl copiați."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați `cargo new exercise` pentru a crea un nou director `exercise/` "
|
|
"pentru codul dumneavoastră:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Navigați în `exercise/` și folosiți `cargo run` pentru a construi și rula "
|
|
"binarul dumneavoastră:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For "
|
|
"example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Înlocuiți codul generic din `src/main.rs` cu propriul cod. De exemplu, "
|
|
"folosind exemplul de pe pagina anterioară, faceți`src/main.rs` să arate "
|
|
"astfel"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid "Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Utilizați `cargo run` pentru a construi și rula binarul actualizat:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo "
|
|
"build` to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/"
|
|
"debug/` for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an "
|
|
"optimized release build in `target/release/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Folosiți `cargo check` pentru a verifica rapid dacă proiectul dumneavoastră "
|
|
"are erori, folosiți `cargo build` pentru a-l compila fără a-l rula. Veți "
|
|
"găsi rezultatul în `target/debug/` pentru o compilare normală de depanare. "
|
|
"Folosiți `cargo build --release` pentru a produce o compilare optimizată de "
|
|
"lansare în `target/release/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you "
|
|
"run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing "
|
|
"dependencies for you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți adăuga dependențe pentru proiectul dumneavoastră prin editarea `Cargo."
|
|
"toml`. Când executați comenzile `cargo`, acesta va descărca și compila "
|
|
"automat dependențele lipsă pentru dumneavoastră."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a local "
|
|
"editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a normal "
|
|
"development environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Încercați să încurajați participanții la curs să instaleze Cargo și să "
|
|
"utilizeze un editor local. Acest lucru le va face viața mai ușoară, deoarece "
|
|
"vor avea un mediu de dezvoltare normal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 1"
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit la Ziua 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first day of Rust Fundamentals. We will cover a lot of ground "
|
|
"today:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceasta este prima zi a cursului Rust Fundamentals. Vom acoperi o mulțime de "
|
|
"subiecte astăzi:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs, "
|
|
"references, functions, and methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sintaxa de bază Rust: variabile, tipuri scalare și compuse, enumerații, "
|
|
"structuri, referințe, funcții și metode."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Types and type inference."
|
|
msgstr "inferența de tip:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "Control flow constructs: loops, conditionals, and so on."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "User-defined types: structs and enums."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Găsirea de tipare: destructurarea enumerațiilor, structurilor și a "
|
|
"tablourilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-2.md src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "Schedule"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "In this session:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-1.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "[Hello, World](./hello-world.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "[Types and Values](./types-and-values.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "[Control Flow Basics](./control-flow-basics.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid "Please remind the students that:"
|
|
msgstr "Vă rugăm să le reamintiți cursanților că:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ar trebui să pună întrebări atunci când le primesc, nu să le lase pentru "
|
|
"final."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much "
|
|
"encouraged!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Clasa se dorește a fi interactivă, iar discuțiile sunt foarte încurajate!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e., "
|
|
"keep the discussions related to how Rust does things vs some other language. "
|
|
"It can be hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of allowing "
|
|
"discussions since they engage people much more than one-way communication."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În calitate de instructor, ar trebui să încercați să păstrați discuțiile "
|
|
"relevante, adică să păstrați discuțiile legate de modul în care Rust face "
|
|
"lucrurile în comparație cu un alt limbaj. Poate fi greu să găsiți "
|
|
"echilibrul potrivit, dar e de preferat să permiteți discuțiile, deoarece "
|
|
"acestea antrenează oamenii mult mai mult decât comunicarea unidirecțională."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Întrebările vor însemna probabil că vom vorbi despre lucruri înainte de "
|
|
"prezentarea slide-urilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. "
|
|
"Remember that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as "
|
|
"you like."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru este perfect în regulă! Repetiția este o parte importantă a "
|
|
"învățării. Nu uitați că diapozitivele sunt doar un suport și că sunteți "
|
|
"liberi să le săriți după cum doriți."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The idea for the first day is to show the \"basic\" things in Rust that "
|
|
"should have immediate parallels in other languages. The more advanced parts "
|
|
"of Rust come on the subsequent days."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the "
|
|
"schedule. Note that there is an exercise at the end of each segment, "
|
|
"followed by a break. Plan to cover the exercise solution after the break. "
|
|
"The times listed here are a suggestion in order to keep the course on "
|
|
"schedule. Feel free to be flexible and adjust as necessary!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md src/types-and-values.md src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/references.md src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md src/methods-and-traits.md src/generics.md
|
|
#: src/std-types.md src/std-traits.md src/memory-management.md
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md src/borrowing.md src/slices-and-lifetimes.md
|
|
#: src/iterators.md src/modules.md src/testing.md src/error-handling.md
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
msgid "In this segment:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "[What is Rust?](./hello-world/what-is-rust.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "[Hello, World](./hello-world/hello-world.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "[Benefits of Rust](./hello-world/benefits.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "[Playground](./hello-world/playground.md) (2 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 20 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015]"
|
|
"(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust este un nou limbaj de programare care a avut [versiunea 1.0 în 2015]"
|
|
"(https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++"
|
|
msgstr "Rust este un limbaj compilat static, cu un rol similar cu C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "`rustc` uses LLVM as its backend."
|
|
msgstr "`rustc` folosește LLVM ca backend."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust supports many [platforms and architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust suportă multe [platforme și arhitecturi](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
|
|
msgstr "x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
|
|
msgstr "Linux, Mac, Windows, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Rust is used for a wide range of devices:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust este utilizat pentru o gamă largă de dispozitive:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "firmware and boot loaders,"
|
|
msgstr "firmware și boot leaders,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "smart displays,"
|
|
msgstr "ecrane inteligente,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "mobile phones,"
|
|
msgstr "telefoane mobile,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "desktops,"
|
|
msgstr "desktop-uri,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "servers."
|
|
msgstr "servere."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust se încadrează în aceeași zonă ca și C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "High flexibility."
|
|
msgstr "Flexibilitate ridicată."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "High level of control."
|
|
msgstr "Nivel ridicat de control."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Can be scaled down to very constrained devices such as microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Poate fi redus pentru a rula pe dispozitive foarte limitate, cum ar fi "
|
|
"microcontrolerele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Has no runtime or garbage collection."
|
|
msgstr "Nu are nevoie de mediu de execuție și nici de colectare de gunoi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/what-is-rust.md
|
|
msgid "Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se concentrează pe fiabilitate și siguranță fără a sacrifica performanța."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World "
|
|
"program:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Să trecem la cel mai simplu program Rust posibil, un program clasic Bună "
|
|
"Lume:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello 🌍!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "What you see:"
|
|
msgstr "Ce vedeți:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "Functions are introduced with `fn`."
|
|
msgstr "Funcțiile sunt introduse cu `fn`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++."
|
|
msgstr "Blocurile sunt delimitate prin paranteze curbe, ca în C și C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "The `main` function is the entry point of the program."
|
|
msgstr "Funcția `main` este punctul de intrare al programului."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this."
|
|
msgstr "Rust are macro-uri igienice, `println!` este un exemplu în acest sens."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Șirurile de caractere Rust sunt codificate UTF-8 și pot conține orice "
|
|
"caracter Unicode."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will "
|
|
"see a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something "
|
|
"familiar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest diapozitiv încearcă să îi facă pe cursanți să se simtă confortabil cu "
|
|
"codul Rust. Ei vor vedea o mulțime de astfel de fișiere în următoarele trei "
|
|
"zile, așa că vom începe cu ceva familiar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is "
|
|
"imperative and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless absolutely necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust se aseamănă foarte mult cu alte limbaje de genul C/C++/Java. Este "
|
|
"imperativ și nu încearcă să reinventeze lucrurile decât dacă este absolut "
|
|
"necesar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid "Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode."
|
|
msgstr "Rust este modern, cu suport complet pentru lucruri precum Unicode."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of "
|
|
"arguments (no function [overloading](../control-flow-basics/functions.md))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust folosește macrocomenzi pentru situațiile în care doriți să aveți un "
|
|
"număr variabil de argumente (fără [supraîncărcare](basic-syntax/functions-"
|
|
"interlude.md) de funcții )."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers "
|
|
"from the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only [partially "
|
|
"hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fiind \"igienice\", macrourile înseamnă că nu captează accidental "
|
|
"identificatori din domeniul de aplicare în care sunt utilizate. Macro-urile "
|
|
"Rust sunt de fapt doar [parțial igienice](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/"
|
|
"decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/hello-world.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is multi-paradigm. For example, it has powerful [object-oriented "
|
|
"programming features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop.html), and, "
|
|
"while it is not a functional language, it includes a range of [functional "
|
|
"concepts](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust este multi-paradigmă. De exemplu, are [caracteristici puternice de "
|
|
"programare orientată pe obiecte](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-oop."
|
|
"html) și, deși nu este un limbaj funcțional, include o serie de [concepte "
|
|
"funcționale](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-00-functional-features."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Câteva caracteristici ale Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Compile time memory safety_ - whole classes of memory bugs are prevented at "
|
|
"compile time"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No uninitialized variables."
|
|
msgstr "Nu există variabile neinițializate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No double-frees."
|
|
msgstr "Nu există eliberări duble de memorie."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No use-after-free."
|
|
msgstr "Nu se utilizează după eliberare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No `NULL` pointers."
|
|
msgstr "Nu există pointeri `NULL`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No forgotten locked mutexes."
|
|
msgstr "Nu s-au uitat mutexuri blocate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No data races between threads."
|
|
msgstr "Nu există concurență la date între firele de execuție."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "No iterator invalidation."
|
|
msgstr "Nu sunt invalidări ale iteratorilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_No undefined runtime behavior_ - what a Rust statement does is never left "
|
|
"unspecified"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Array access is bounds checked."
|
|
msgstr "Accesul la matrice este verificat în funcție de limite."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Integer overflow is defined (panic or wrap-around)."
|
|
msgstr "Este definită depășirea numărului întreg (panică sau wrap-around)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Modern language features_ - as expressive and ergonomic as higher-level "
|
|
"languages"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Enums and pattern matching."
|
|
msgstr "Enums și găsirea de modele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Generics."
|
|
msgstr "Generice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "No overhead FFI."
|
|
msgstr "Fără costuri suplimentare FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Zero-cost abstractions."
|
|
msgstr "Abstracții fără costuri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Great compiler errors."
|
|
msgstr "Erorile de compilare importante."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Built-in dependency manager."
|
|
msgstr "Manager de dependențe încorporat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid "Built-in support for testing."
|
|
msgstr "Suport pentru testare încorporat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Excellent Language Server Protocol support."
|
|
msgstr "Suport excelent pentru protocolul serverului de limbă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Do not spend much time here. All of these points will be covered in more "
|
|
"depth later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. "
|
|
"Depending on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nu uitați să întrebați elevii din clasă cu ce limbaje au experiență. În "
|
|
"funcție de răspuns, puteți evidenția diferite caracteristici ale Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_ "
|
|
"via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't "
|
|
"have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with "
|
|
"constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Experiență cu C sau C++: Rust elimină o întreagă clasă de erori de execuție "
|
|
"prin intermediul verificatorului de împrumuturi. Obțineți performanțe ca în "
|
|
"C și C++, dar nu aveți probleme de nesiguranță a memoriei. În plus, obțineți "
|
|
"un limbaj modern, cu construcții precum șabloane de potrivire și gestionarea "
|
|
"integrată a dependențelor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/benefits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory "
|
|
"safety as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In "
|
|
"addition you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage "
|
|
"collector) as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Experiență cu Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: Obțineți aceeași siguranță a "
|
|
"memoriei ca în aceste limbaje, plus o senzație similară de limbaj de nivel "
|
|
"înalt. În plus, obțineți performanțe rapide și previzibile ca în C și C++ "
|
|
"(fără colector de memorie), precum și acces la hardware de nivel scăzut "
|
|
"(dacă aveți nevoie)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/) provides an easy way to "
|
|
"run short Rust programs, and is the basis for the examples and exercises in "
|
|
"this course. Try running the \"hello-world\" program it starts with. It "
|
|
"comes with a few handy features:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Under \"Tools\", use the `rustfmt` option to format your code in the "
|
|
"\"standard\" way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has two main \"profiles\" for generating code: Debug (extra runtime "
|
|
"checks, less optimization) and Release (fewer runtime checks, lots of "
|
|
"optimization). These are accessible under \"Debug\" at the top."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you're interested, use \"ASM\" under \"...\" to see the generated "
|
|
"assembly code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/playground.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As students head into the break, encourage them to open up the playground "
|
|
"and experiment a little. Encourage them to keep the tab open and try things "
|
|
"out during the rest of the course. This is particularly helpful for advanced "
|
|
"students who want to know more about Rust's optimizations or generated "
|
|
"assembly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md
|
|
msgid "[Variables](./types-and-values/variables.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md
|
|
msgid "[Values](./types-and-values/values.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md
|
|
msgid "[Arithmetic](./types-and-values/arithmetic.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md
|
|
msgid "[Strings](./types-and-values/strings.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md
|
|
msgid "[Type Inference](./types-and-values/inference.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Fibonacci](./types-and-values/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values.md src/testing.md src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 5 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are made with "
|
|
"`let`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust oferă siguranță de tip prin intermediul tipizării statice. Legăturile "
|
|
"variabilelor sunt imuabile în mod implicit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"x: {x}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// x = 20;\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Uncomment the `x = 20` to demonstrate that variables are immutable by "
|
|
"default. Add the `mut` keyword to allow changes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/variables.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `i32` here is the type of the variable. This must be known at compile "
|
|
"time, but type inference (covered later) allows the programmer to omit it in "
|
|
"many cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here are some basic built-in types, and the syntax for literal values of "
|
|
"each type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Types"
|
|
msgstr "Tipuri"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Literals"
|
|
msgstr "Literale"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "Signed integers"
|
|
msgstr "Numere întregi cu semn"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`"
|
|
msgstr "`i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`"
|
|
msgstr "`-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123_i64`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "Unsigned integers"
|
|
msgstr "Întregi fără semn"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`"
|
|
msgstr "`u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`"
|
|
msgstr "`0`, `123`, `10_u16`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "Floating point numbers"
|
|
msgstr "Numere în virgulă mobilă"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`f32`, `f64`"
|
|
msgstr "`f32`, `f64`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`"
|
|
msgstr "`3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2_f32`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "Unicode scalar values"
|
|
msgstr "Valori scalare Unicode"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`char`"
|
|
msgstr "`char`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`"
|
|
msgstr "`'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Booleans"
|
|
msgstr "Booleeni"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`bool`"
|
|
msgstr "`bool`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`true`, `false`"
|
|
msgstr "`true`, `false`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "The types have widths as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "Tipurile au lungimi după cum urmează:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,"
|
|
msgstr "`iN`, `uN`, și `fN` au o lungime de _N_ biți,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,"
|
|
msgstr "`isize` și `usize` reprezintă lungimea unui pointer,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`char` is 32 bits wide,"
|
|
msgstr "`char` are o lungime de 32 de biți,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "`bool` is 8 bits wide."
|
|
msgstr "`bool` are o lungime de 8 biți."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:"
|
|
msgstr "Există câteva elemente de sintaxă care nu sunt prezentate mai sus:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/values.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All underscores in numbers can be left out, they are for legibility only. So "
|
|
"`1_000` can be written as `1000` (or `10_00`), and `123_i64` can be written "
|
|
"as `123i64`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Toate sublinierile din numere pot fi omise, ele sunt doar pentru "
|
|
"lizibilitate. Astfel, `1_000` poate fi scris ca `1000` (sau `10_00`), iar "
|
|
"`123_i64` poate fi scris ca `123i64`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid "\"result: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first time we've seen a function other than `main`, but the "
|
|
"meaning should be clear: it takes three integers, and returns an integer. "
|
|
"Functions will be covered in more detail later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid "Arithmetic is very similar to other languages, with similar precedence."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What about integer overflow? In C and C++ overflow of _signed_ integers is "
|
|
"actually undefined, and might do different things on different platforms or "
|
|
"compilers. In Rust, it's defined."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Change the `i32`'s to `i16` to see an integer overflow, which panics "
|
|
"(checked) in a debug build and wraps in a release build. There are other "
|
|
"options, such as overflowing, saturating, and carrying. These are accessed "
|
|
"with method syntax, e.g., `(a * b).saturating_add(b * c).saturating_add(c * "
|
|
"a)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/arithmetic.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, the compiler will detect overflow of constant expressions, which is "
|
|
"why the example requires a separate function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has two types to represent strings, both of which will be covered in "
|
|
"more depth later. Both _always_ store UTF-8 encoded strings."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`String` - a modifiable, owned string."
|
|
msgstr "`String` un buffer de șir de caractere mutabil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid "`&str` - a read-only string. String literals have this type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid "\"Greetings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid "\"🪐\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid "\", \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid "\"final sentence: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "\"{:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid "//println!(\"{:?}\", &sentence[12..13]);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide introduces strings. Everything here will be covered in more depth "
|
|
"later, but this is enough for subsequent slides and exercises to use strings."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid "Invalid UTF-8 in a string is UB, and this not allowed in safe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` is a user-defined type with a constructor (`::new()`) and methods "
|
|
"like `s.push_str(..)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `&` in `&str` indicates that this is a reference. We will cover "
|
|
"references later, so for now just think of `&str` as a unit meaning \"a read-"
|
|
"only string\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The commented-out line is indexing into the string by byte position. "
|
|
"`12..13` does not end on a character boundary, so the program panics. Adjust "
|
|
"it to a range that does, based on the error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/strings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: "
|
|
"`r\"\\n\" == \"\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal "
|
|
"amount of `#` on either side of the quotes:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Șirurile brute de caractere vă permit să creați o valoare `&str` cu "
|
|
"scăpările dezactivate: `r\"\\n\" == \"\\n\"`. Puteți încorpora ghilimele "
|
|
"duble folosind o cantitate egală de `#` de o parte și de alta a ghilimelelor:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust se va uita la modul în care variabila este _utilizată_ pentru a "
|
|
"determina tipul:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on "
|
|
"constraints given by variable declarations and usages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest diapozitiv demonstrează modul în care compilatorul Rust deduce "
|
|
"tipurile pe baza constrângerilor date de declarațiile și utilizările "
|
|
"variabilelor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not "
|
|
"of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can hold any data. The machine "
|
|
"code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration "
|
|
"of a type. The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise "
|
|
"code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este foarte important să subliniem că variabilele declarate astfel nu sunt "
|
|
"de un fel de \"orice tip\" dinamic care poate conține orice date. Codul "
|
|
"mașină generat de o astfel de declarație este identic cu declarația "
|
|
"explicită a unui tip. Compilatorul își face treaba în locul nostru și ne "
|
|
"ajută să scriem un cod mai concis."
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When nothing constrains the type of an integer literal, Rust defaults to "
|
|
"`i32`. This sometimes appears as `{integer}` in error messages. Similarly, "
|
|
"floating-point literals default to `f64`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/inference.md
|
|
msgid "// ERROR: no implementation for `{float} == {integer}`\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The first and second Fibonacci numbers are both `1`. For n>2, the n'th "
|
|
"Fibonacci number is calculated recursively as the sum of the n-1'th and "
|
|
"n-2'th Fibonacci numbers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Write a function `fib(n)` that calculates the n'th Fibonacci number. When "
|
|
"will this function panic?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// The base case.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Implement this\""
|
|
msgstr "Implementare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// The recursive case.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/types-and-values/exercise.md src/types-and-values/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"fib(n) = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
msgid "[Conditionals](./control-flow-basics/conditionals.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
msgid "[Loops](./control-flow-basics/loops.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[break and continue](./control-flow-basics/break-continue.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Blocks and Scopes](./control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
msgid "[Functions](./control-flow-basics/functions.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
msgid "[Macros](./control-flow-basics/macros.md) (2 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Collatz Sequence](./control-flow-basics/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics.md src/tuples-and-arrays.md src/borrowing.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Mare parte din sintaxa Rust vă va fi familiară din C, C++ sau Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Blocks are delimited by curly braces."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Blocurile și domeniile de aplicare sunt delimitate prin paranteze curbe."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ... "
|
|
"*/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Comentariile de o linie încep cu `//`, iar blocurile de comentarii sunt "
|
|
"delimitate de `/* ... */`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
msgid "Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same."
|
|
msgstr "Cuvinte cheie precum `if` și `while` funcționează la fel."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
msgid "Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atribuirea variabilelor se face cu `=`, iar compararea se face cu `==`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`if` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "expresii for"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You use [`if` expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
|
|
"if-expr.html#if-expressions) exactly like `if` statements in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați [expresii `if`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
|
|
"expr.html#if-expressions) exact ca și instrucțiunile `if` din alte limbaje:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
msgid "\"small\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
msgid "\"biggish\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
msgid "\"huge\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each "
|
|
"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În plus, puteți utiliza `if` ca expresie. Ultima expresie din fiecare bloc "
|
|
"devine valoarea expresiei `if`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
msgid "\"large\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
msgid "\"number size: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its "
|
|
"branch blocks must have the same type. Show what happens if you add `;` "
|
|
"after `\"small\"` in the second example."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Deoarece `if` este o expresie și trebuie să aibă un anumit tip, ambele "
|
|
"blocuri de ramificare trebuie să aibă același tip. Să vedem ce se întâmplă "
|
|
"dacă adăugați `;` după `x / 2` în al doilea exemplu."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/conditionals.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When `if` is used in an expression, the expression must have a `;` to "
|
|
"separate it from the next statement. Remove the `;` before `println!` to see "
|
|
"the compiler error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
msgid "There are three looping keywords in Rust: `while`, `loop`, and `for`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`while`"
|
|
msgstr "bucle `while`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-"
|
|
"expr.html#predicate-loops) works much like in other languages, executing the "
|
|
"loop body as long as the condition is true."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuvântul cheie [`while`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
|
|
"loop-expr.html#predicate-loops) funcționează foarte asemănător cu alte "
|
|
"limbaje:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
msgid "\"Final x: {x}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`for`"
|
|
msgstr "bucle `for`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) iterates "
|
|
"over ranges of values:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) utilizat pentru "
|
|
"definirea destructoriilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
msgid "`loop`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`loop` statement](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.loop.html) just "
|
|
"loops forever, until a `break`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) utilizat pentru "
|
|
"definirea destructoriilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
msgid "\"{i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will discuss iteration later; for now, just stick to range expressions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/loops.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that the `for` loop only iterates to `4`. Show the `1..=5` syntax for "
|
|
"an inclusive range."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to exit any kind of loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions). For "
|
|
"`loop`, this can take an optional expression that becomes the value of the "
|
|
"`loop` expression."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă doriți să ieșiți mai devreme dintr-o buclă, utilizați [`break`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions),"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to immediately start the next iteration use [`continue`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă doriți să începeți imediat următoarea iterație, utilizați [`continue`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-"
|
|
"expressions)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
msgid "\"{result}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is "
|
|
"used to break out of nested loops:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atât `continue`, cât și `break` pot primi opțional un argument de tip label, "
|
|
"care este utilizat pentru a ieși din buclele imbricate:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
msgid "\"x: {x}, i: {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În acest caz, întrerupem bucla exterioară după 3 iterații ale buclei "
|
|
"interioare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/break-continue.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial "
|
|
"value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike "
|
|
"`while` and `for` loops)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți că `loop` este singura construcție de buclă care returnează o "
|
|
"valoare non-trivială. Acest lucru se datorează faptului că este garantat să "
|
|
"fie introdus cel puțin o dată (spre deosebire de buclele `while` și `for`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "Blocks"
|
|
msgstr "Blocuri"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A block in Rust contains a sequence of expressions, enclosed by braces `{}`. "
|
|
"Each block has a value and a type, which are those of the last expression of "
|
|
"the block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un bloc în Rust conține o secvență de expresii. Fiecare bloc are o valoare "
|
|
"și un tip, care sunt cele ale ultimei expresii din bloc:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"y: {y}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is "
|
|
"`()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă ultima expresie se termină cu `;`, atunci valoarea și tipul rezultat "
|
|
"este `()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "Scopes and Shadowing"
|
|
msgstr "Scopuri și mascări"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "A variable's scope is limited to the enclosing block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from "
|
|
"the same scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți umbri variabilele, atât cele din domenii de aplicare exterioare, cât "
|
|
"și variabilele din același domeniu de aplicare:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"before: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"hello\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"inner scope: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid "\"after: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in "
|
|
"the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți arăta cum se modifică valoarea blocului modificând ultima linie din "
|
|
"bloc. De exemplu, adăugând/eliminând un punct și virgulă sau folosind un "
|
|
"`return`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show that a variable's scope is limited by adding a `b` in the inner block "
|
|
"in the last example, and then trying to access it outside that block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both "
|
|
"variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available under "
|
|
"the same name, depending where you use it in the code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Definiție: Shadowing este diferit de mutație, deoarece după shadowing ambele "
|
|
"locații de memorie ale variabilei există în același timp. Ambele sunt "
|
|
"disponibile sub același nume, în funcție de locul în care se utilizează în "
|
|
"cod."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A shadowing variable can have a different type."
|
|
msgstr "O variabilă de umbrire poate avea un tip diferit."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/blocks-and-scopes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values "
|
|
"after `.unwrap()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Umbrirea pare obscură la început, dar este convenabilă pentru a păstra "
|
|
"valorile după `.unwrap()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some "
|
|
"programming languages), then a return type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Parametrii de declarație sunt urmați de un tip (invers decât în unele "
|
|
"limbaje de programare), apoi de un tip de returnare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return "
|
|
"value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression. The `return` "
|
|
"keyword can be used for early return, but the \"bare value\" form is "
|
|
"idiomatic at the end of a function (refactor `gcd` to use a `return`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ultima expresie din corpul unei funcții (sau din orice bloc) devine valoarea "
|
|
"de returnare. Pur și simplu omiteți `;` de la sfârșitul expresiei."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The "
|
|
"compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unele funcții nu au nicio valoare de retur și returnează \"tipul de "
|
|
"unitate\", `()`. Compilatorul va deduce acest lucru în cazul în care tipul "
|
|
"de returnare `-> ()` este omis."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Overloading is not supported -- each function has a single implementation."
|
|
msgstr "Fiecare funcție are o singură implementare:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Always takes a fixed number of parameters. Default arguments are not "
|
|
"supported. Macros can be used to support variadic functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Always takes a single set of parameter types. These types can be generic, "
|
|
"which will be covered later."
|
|
msgstr "Acceptă întotdeauna un singur set de tipuri de parametri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Macros are expanded into Rust code during compilation, and can take a "
|
|
"variable number of arguments. They are distinguished by a `!` at the end. "
|
|
"The Rust standard library includes an assortment of useful macros."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`println!(format, ..)` prints a line to standard output, applying formatting "
|
|
"described in [`std::fmt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Supraîncărcarea operatorilor este implementată prin intermediul trăsăturilor "
|
|
"în [`std::ops`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`format!(format, ..)` works just like `println!` but returns the result as a "
|
|
"string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid "`dbg!(expression)` logs the value of the expression and returns it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`todo!()` marks a bit of code as not-yet-implemented. If executed, it will "
|
|
"panic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`unreachable!()` marks a bit of code as unreachable. If executed, it will "
|
|
"panic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid "\"{n}! = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The takeaway from this section is that these common conveniences exist, and "
|
|
"how to use them. Why they are defined as macros, and what they expand to, is "
|
|
"not especially critical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/macros.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course does not cover defining macros, but a later section will describe "
|
|
"use of derive macros."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Collatz Sequence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture) is "
|
|
"defined as follows, for an arbitrary n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "1"
|
|
msgstr "12"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid " greater than zero:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "If _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "i"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ is 1, then the sequence terminates at _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ is even, then _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "i+1"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid " = n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid " / 2_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ is odd, then _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid " = 3 * n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid " + 1_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "For example, beginning with _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ = 3:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "3 is odd, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "2"
|
|
msgstr "12"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ = 3 * 3 + 1 = 10;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "10 is even, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "3"
|
|
msgstr "3"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ = 10 / 2 = 5;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "5 is odd, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "4"
|
|
msgstr "4"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ = 3 * 5 + 1 = 16;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "16 is even, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "5"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ = 16 / 2 = 8;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "8 is even, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "6"
|
|
msgstr "6"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ = 8 / 2 = 4;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "4 is even, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "7"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ = 4 / 2 = 2;"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "2 is even, so _n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "8"
|
|
msgstr "8"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "_ = 1; and"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "the sequence terminates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Write a function to calculate the length of the collatz sequence for a given "
|
|
"initial `n`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/exercise.md src/control-flow-basics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Determine the length of the collatz sequence beginning at `n`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow-basics/solution.md src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md
|
|
msgid "\"Length: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome Back"
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "[Tuples and Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "[References](./references.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "[User-Defined Types](./user-defined-types.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 55 "
|
|
"minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Tuples and Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "[Array Iteration](./tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "[Pattern Matching](./tuples-and-arrays/match.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "[Destructuring](./tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Nested Arrays](./tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Tuples and arrays are the first \"compound\" types we have seen. All "
|
|
"elements of an array have the same type, while tuples can accommodate "
|
|
"different types. Both types have a size fixed at compile time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "Arrays"
|
|
msgstr "Array-uri"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "`[T; N]`"
|
|
msgstr "`[T; N]`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`"
|
|
msgstr "`[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "Tuples"
|
|
msgstr "Tupluri"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "Array assignment and access:"
|
|
msgstr "Atribuirea și accesul pentru vectori:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "Tuple assignment and access:"
|
|
msgstr "Atribuirea și accesul pentru tupluri:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "Arrays:"
|
|
msgstr "Vectori:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A value of the array type `[T; N]` holds `N` (a compile-time constant) "
|
|
"elements of the same type `T`. Note that the length of the array is _part of "
|
|
"its type_, which means that `[u8; 3]` and `[u8; 4]` are considered two "
|
|
"different types. Slices, which have a size determined at runtime, are "
|
|
"covered later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O valoare de tip matrice `[T; N]` conține `N` (o constantă de timp de "
|
|
"compilare) elemente de același tip `T`. Rețineți că lungimea tabloului este "
|
|
"_parte a tipului său_, ceea ce înseamnă că `[u8; 3]` și `[u8; 4]` sunt "
|
|
"considerate două tipuri diferite."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try accessing an out-of-bounds array element. Array accesses are checked at "
|
|
"runtime. Rust can usually optimize these checks away, and they can be "
|
|
"avoided using unsafe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can use literals to assign values to arrays."
|
|
msgstr "Putem utiliza literali pentru a atribui valori la array-uri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `println!` macro asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format "
|
|
"parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. "
|
|
"Types such as integers and strings implement the default output, but arrays "
|
|
"only implement the debug output. This means that we must use debug output "
|
|
"here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Macroul `println!` solicită implementarea de depanare cu parametrul de "
|
|
"format `?`: `{}` oferă ieșirea implicită, `{:?}` oferă ieșirea de depanare. "
|
|
"Tipuri precum întregi și șiruri de caractere implementează ieșirea "
|
|
"implicită, dar array-urile implementează doar ieșirea de depanare. Aceasta "
|
|
"înseamnă că trebuie să folosim aici ieșirea de depanare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be "
|
|
"easier to read."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Adăugând `#`, de exemplu `{a:#?}`, se invocă un format de tipărire "
|
|
"\"frumos\", care poate fi mai ușor de citit."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "Tuples:"
|
|
msgstr "Tupluri:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid "Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length."
|
|
msgstr "Tuplurile au o lungime fixă, întocmai vectorilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type."
|
|
msgstr "Tuplurile grupează valori de tipuri diferite într-un tip compus."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, "
|
|
"e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Câmpurile unui tuplu pot fi accesate prin punct și indicele valorii, de "
|
|
"exemplu `t.0`, `t.1`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, "
|
|
"and the only valid value of that type --- that is to say both the type and "
|
|
"its value are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a "
|
|
"function or expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tuplul goal `()` este cunoscută și sub numele de \"tip unitate\". Este atât "
|
|
"un tip, cât și singura valoare validă a acelui tip - adică atât tipul, cât "
|
|
"și valoarea sa sunt exprimate sub forma `()`. Este utilizat pentru a indica, "
|
|
"de exemplu, că o funcție sau o expresie nu are valoare de returnare, după "
|
|
"cum vom vedea într-un slide viitor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/tuples-and-arrays.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other "
|
|
"programming languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vă puteți gândi la el ca la un `void` care vă este familiar din alte limbaje "
|
|
"de programare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md
|
|
msgid "The `for` statement supports iterating over arrays (but not tuples)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This functionality uses the `IntoIterator` trait, but we haven't covered "
|
|
"that yet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/iteration.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `assert_ne!` macro is new here. There are also `assert_eq!` and `assert!"
|
|
"` macros. These are always checked while, debug-only variants like "
|
|
"`debug_assert!` compile to nothing in release builds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `match` keyword lets you match a value against one or more _patterns_. "
|
|
"The comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuvântul cheie `match` vă permite să comparați o valoare cu unul sau mai "
|
|
"multe _patterns_. Comparațiile se fac de sus în jos, iar prima potrivire "
|
|
"câștigă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:"
|
|
msgstr "Modelele pot fi valori simple, la fel ca `switch` în C și C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "'x'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "'q'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"Quitting\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md src/std-traits/solution.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'a'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "'s'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "'w'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "'d'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"Moving around\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'0'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'9'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"Number input\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"Lowercase: {key}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "\"Something else\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value. The "
|
|
"expressions _must_ be irrefutable, meaning that it covers every possibility, "
|
|
"so `_` is often used as the final catch-all case."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Match can be used as an expression. Just like `if`, each match arm must have "
|
|
"the same type. The type is the last expression of the block, if any. In the "
|
|
"example above, the type is `()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La fel ca `if let`, fiecare braț de potrivire trebuie să aibă același tip. "
|
|
"Tipul este ultima expresie a blocului, dacă există. În exemplul de mai sus, "
|
|
"tipul este `()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A variable in the pattern (`key` in this example) will create a binding that "
|
|
"can be used within the match arm."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
msgid "A match guard causes the arm to match only if the condition is true."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Key Points:"
|
|
msgstr "Puncte cheie:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a "
|
|
"pattern"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ați putea sublinia modul în care sunt folosite anumite caractere specifice "
|
|
"atunci când se află într-un model"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`|` as an `or`"
|
|
msgstr "`|` ca un `or`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`..` can expand as much as it needs to be"
|
|
msgstr "`...` se poate extinde atât cât este nevoie"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`1..=5` represents an inclusive range"
|
|
msgstr "`1..=5` reprezintă un interval inclusiv"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`_` is a wild card"
|
|
msgstr "`_` este un wild card"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when "
|
|
"we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would "
|
|
"allow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Gărzile de potrivire, ca o caracteristică sintactică separată, sunt "
|
|
"importante și necesare atunci când dorim să exprimăm în mod concis idei mai "
|
|
"complexe decât ne-ar permite doar modelele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. "
|
|
"An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the "
|
|
"match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't "
|
|
"result in other arms of the original `match` expression being considered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acestea nu sunt același lucru cu expresia `if` separată în interiorul "
|
|
"brațului de potrivire. O expresie `if` în interiorul blocului de ramificare "
|
|
"(după `=>`) apare după ce este selectat brațul de potrivire. În cazul în "
|
|
"care nu se îndeplinește condiția `if` din interiorul blocului respectiv, nu "
|
|
"vor fi luate în considerare alte ramuri ale expresiei `match` originale."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/match.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern "
|
|
"with an `|`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Condiția definită în gardă se aplică fiecărei expresii dintr-un model cu `|`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Destructuring is a way of extracting data from a data structure by writing a "
|
|
"pattern that is matched up to the data structure, binding variables to "
|
|
"subcomponents of the data structure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can destructure tuples and arrays by matching on their elements:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți destructura array-uri, tuple și felii prin potrivirea elementelor "
|
|
"acestora:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"on Y axis\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"on X axis\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"left of Y axis\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"below X axis\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"first quadrant\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"Tell me about {triple:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"All elements were ignored\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Create a new array pattern using `_` to represent an element."
|
|
msgstr "Creați un nou model folosind `_` pentru a reprezenta un element."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Add more values to the array."
|
|
msgstr "Adăugați mai multe valori la matrice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of "
|
|
"elements."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Arătați cum `...` se va extinde pentru a lua în considerare un număr diferit "
|
|
"de elemente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`"
|
|
msgstr "Afișează potrivirea cu coada cu modelele `[.., b]` și `[a@..,b]`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Arrays can contain other arrays:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "What is the type of this variable?"
|
|
msgstr "Care este tipul de `word` în fiecare buclă?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use an array such as the above to write a function `transpose` which will "
|
|
"transpose a matrix (turn rows into columns):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Folosiți cele de mai sus pentru a scrie o funcție `pretty_print` care "
|
|
"tipărește o matrice și o funcție `transpose` care va transpune o matrice "
|
|
"(transformă rândurile în coloane):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices."
|
|
msgstr "Codificați ambele funcții pentru a opera pe matrici 3 × 3."
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
|
|
"functions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copiați codul de mai jos în <https://play.rust-lang.org/> și implementați "
|
|
"funcțiile:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"matrix: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/exercise.md src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"transposed: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/tuples-and-arrays/solution.md
|
|
msgid "//\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references.md
|
|
msgid "[Shared References](./references/shared.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references.md
|
|
msgid "[Exclusive References](./references/exclusive.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Geometry](./references/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references.md src/user-defined-types.md src/pattern-matching.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 50 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A reference provides a way to access another value without taking "
|
|
"responsibility for the value, and is also called \"borrowing\". Shared "
|
|
"references are read-only, and the referenced data cannot change."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A shared reference to a type `T` has type `&T`. A reference value is made "
|
|
"with the `&` operator. The `*` operator \"dereferences\" a reference, "
|
|
"yielding its value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust va interzice în mod static referințele care atârnă:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to, and this is a good "
|
|
"model for students not familiar with pointers: code can use the reference to "
|
|
"access the value, but is still \"owned\" by the original variable. The "
|
|
"course will get into more detail on ownership in day 3."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"References are implemented as pointers, and a key advantage is that they can "
|
|
"be much smaller than the thing they point to. Students familiar with C or C+"
|
|
"+ will recognize references as pointers. Later parts of the course will "
|
|
"cover how Rust prevents the memory-safety bugs that come from using raw "
|
|
"pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust does not automatically create references for you - the `&` is always "
|
|
"required."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking "
|
|
"methods (try `r.count_ones()`). There is no need for an `->` operator like "
|
|
"in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust va face auto-dereferențiere în unele cazuri, în special atunci când "
|
|
"invocă metode (încercați `ref_x.count_ones()`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, `r` is mutable so that it can be reassigned (`r = &b`). "
|
|
"Note that this re-binds `r`, so that it refers to something else. This is "
|
|
"different from C++, where assignment to a reference changes the referenced "
|
|
"value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A shared reference does not allow modifying the value it refers to, even if "
|
|
"that value was mutable. Try `*r = 'X'`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long "
|
|
"enough. Dangling references cannot occur in safe Rust. `x_axis` would return "
|
|
"a reference to `point`, but `point` will be deallocated when the function "
|
|
"returns, so this will not compile."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vom vorbi mai multe despre împrumuturi atunci când vom ajunge la proprietate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exclusive.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Exclusive references, also known as mutable references, allow changing the "
|
|
"value they refer to. They have type `&mut T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exclusive.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Exclusive\" means that only this reference can be used to access the "
|
|
"value. No other references (shared or exclusive) can exist at the same time, "
|
|
"and the referenced value cannot be accessed while the exclusive reference "
|
|
"exists. Try making an `&point.0` or changing `point.0` while `x_coord` is "
|
|
"alive."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exclusive.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Be sure to note the difference between `let mut x_coord: &i32` and `let "
|
|
"x_coord: &mut i32`. The first one represents a shared reference which can be "
|
|
"bound to different values, while the second represents an exclusive "
|
|
"reference to a mutable value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nu uitați să observați diferența dintre `let mut ref_x: &i32` și `let ref_x: "
|
|
"&mut i32`. Primul reprezintă o referință mutabilă care poate fi legată la "
|
|
"diferite valori, în timp ce al doilea reprezintă o referință la o valoare "
|
|
"mutabilă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will create a few utility functions for 3-dimensional geometry, "
|
|
"representing a point as `[f64;3]`. It is up to you to determine the function "
|
|
"signatures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Calculate the magnitude of a vector by summing the squares of its "
|
|
"coordinates\n"
|
|
"// and taking the square root. Use the `sqrt()` method to calculate the "
|
|
"square\n"
|
|
"// root, like `v.sqrt()`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Normalize a vector by calculating its magnitude and dividing all of its\n"
|
|
"// coordinates by that magnitude.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Use the following `main` to test your work.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Magnitude of a unit vector: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?}: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/exercise.md src/references/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Magnitude of {v:?} after normalization: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Calculate the magnitude of the given vector.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/references/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Change the magnitude of the vector to 1.0 without changing its "
|
|
"direction.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
msgid "[Named Structs](./user-defined-types/named-structs.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
msgid "[Tuple Structs](./user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
msgid "[Enums](./user-defined-types/enums.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Static and Const](./user-defined-types/static-and-const.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
msgid "[Type Aliases](./user-defined-types/aliases.md) (2 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Elevator Events](./user-defined-types/exercise.md) (15 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:"
|
|
msgstr "La fel ca în C și C++, Rust are suport pentru structuri personalizate:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"{} is {} years old\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"Peter\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"Avery\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"Jackie\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Structs work like in C or C++."
|
|
msgstr "Structurile funcționează ca în C sau C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La fel ca în C++ și spre deosebire de C, nu este nevoie de un typedef pentru "
|
|
"a defini un tip."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs."
|
|
msgstr "Spre deosebire de C++, nu există moștenire între structuri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of "
|
|
"structs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acesta ar putea fi un moment bun pentru a informa oamenii că există diferite "
|
|
"tipuri de structuri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Zero-sized structs (e.g. `struct Foo;`) might be used when implementing a "
|
|
"trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the "
|
|
"value itself."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Structurile de dimensiune zero (de exemplu, `struct Foo;`) pot fi utilizate "
|
|
"atunci când se implementează o trăsătură pe un anumit tip, dar nu aveți date "
|
|
"pe care doriți să le stocați în valoarea în sine."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are "
|
|
"not important."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Următorul diapozitiv va prezenta structurile Tuple, utilizate atunci când "
|
|
"numele câmpurilor nu sunt importante."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the "
|
|
"struct using a shorthand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă aveți deja variabile cu numele corecte, puteți crea structura folosind "
|
|
"o prescurtare:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/named-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The syntax `..avery` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the "
|
|
"old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be "
|
|
"the last element."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sintaxa `..peter` ne permite să copiem majoritatea câmpurilor din vechea "
|
|
"structură fără a fi nevoie să le scriem în mod explicit pe toate. Acesta "
|
|
"trebuie să fie întotdeauna ultimul element."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cazul în care numele câmpurilor nu sunt importante, puteți utiliza o "
|
|
"structură de tip tuple:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"({}, {})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru este adesea utilizat pentru învelișurile cu un singur câmp "
|
|
"(denumite newtypes):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
msgid "\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "// ...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in "
|
|
"a primitive type, for example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Newtypes reprezintă o modalitate excelentă de a codifica informații "
|
|
"suplimentare despre valoarea unui tip primitiv, de exemplu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Numărul este măsurat în anumite unități: `Newtons` în exemplul de mai sus."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have "
|
|
"to validate it again at every use: `PhoneNumber(String)` or `OddNumber(u32)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Valoarea a trecut printr-o validare atunci când a fost creată, astfel încât "
|
|
"nu mai trebuie să o validați din nou la fiecare utilizare: "
|
|
"`PhoneNumber(String)` sau `OddNumber(u32)`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the "
|
|
"single field in the newtype."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Demonstrați cum să adăugați o valoare `f64` la un tip `Newtons` prin "
|
|
"accesarea unui singur câmp din noul tip."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or "
|
|
"for instance using booleans as integers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În general, Rust nu agreează lucrurile inexplicabile, cum ar fi desfacerea "
|
|
"automată sau, de exemplu, utilizarea booleenilor ca numere întregi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics)."
|
|
msgstr "Supraîncărcarea operatorilor este discutată în ziua 3 (generice)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/tuple-structs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The example is a subtle reference to the [Mars Climate Orbiter](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter) failure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Exemplul este o referire subtilă la eșecul [Mars Climate Orbiter] (https://"
|
|
"en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few different "
|
|
"variants:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuvântul cheie `enum` permite crearea unui tip care are câteva variante "
|
|
"diferite:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "// Simple variant\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "// Tuple variant\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "// Struct variant\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "\"On this turn: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type."
|
|
msgstr "Enumerările vă permit să colectați un set de valori sub un singur tip"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Direction` is a type with variants. There are two values of `Direction`: "
|
|
"`Direction::Left` and `Direction::Right`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PlayerMove` is a type with three variants. In addition to the payloads, "
|
|
"Rust will store a discriminant so that it knows at runtime which variant is "
|
|
"in a `PlayerMove` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This might be a good time to compare structs and enums:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acesta ar putea fi un moment bun pentru a compara structurile și "
|
|
"enumerațiile:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one "
|
|
"with different types of fields (variant payloads)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În ambele, puteți avea o versiune simplă fără câmpuri (unit struct) sau una "
|
|
"cu diferite tipuri de câmpuri (varianta payloads)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate "
|
|
"structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were "
|
|
"all defined in an enum."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ați putea chiar să implementați diferitele variante ale unui enum cu "
|
|
"structuri separate, dar atunci acestea nu ar fi de același tip ca în cazul "
|
|
"în care ar fi definite toate într-un enum."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "Rust uses minimal space to store the discriminant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid "If necessary, it stores an integer of the smallest required size"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the allowed variant values do not cover all bit patterns, it will use "
|
|
"invalid bit patterns to encode the discriminant (the \"niche "
|
|
"optimization\"). For example, `Option<&u8>` stores either a pointer to an "
|
|
"integer or `NULL` for the `None` variant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți controla discriminantul dacă este necesar (de exemplu, pentru "
|
|
"compatibilitate cu C):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2 "
|
|
"bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fără `repr`, tipul de discriminant are nevoie de 2 octeți, deoarece 10001 se "
|
|
"potrivește cu 2 octeți."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More to Explore"
|
|
msgstr "Mai multe de explorat"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has several optimizations it can employ to make enums take up less "
|
|
"space."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust are mai multe optimizări pe care le poate folosi pentru ca enumerațiile "
|
|
"să ocupe mai puțin spațiu."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Null pointer optimization: For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::<T>()` equals "
|
|
"`size_of::<Option<T>>()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Optimizarea pointerului nul: Pentru [unele tipuri](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/option/#representation), Rust garantează că `size_of::<T>()` este egal "
|
|
"cu `size_of::<Opțiune<T>>()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation _may_ look "
|
|
"like in practice. It's important to note that the compiler provides no "
|
|
"guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Exemplu de cod dacă doriți să arătați cum ar putea arăta în practică "
|
|
"reprezentarea pe biți. Este important de reținut că compilatorul nu oferă "
|
|
"nicio garanție în ceea ce privește această reprezentare, prin urmare este "
|
|
"total nesigură."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Static and constant variables are two different ways to create globally-"
|
|
"scoped values that cannot be moved or reallocated during the execution of "
|
|
"the program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Variabilele statice și variabilele constante sunt două modalități diferite "
|
|
"de a crea valori cu acoperire globală care nu pot fi mutate sau realocate în "
|
|
"timpul execuției programului."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`const`"
|
|
msgstr "`const`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Constant variables are evaluated at compile time and their values are "
|
|
"inlined wherever they are used:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Variabilele constante sunt evaluate la compilare, iar valorile lor sunt "
|
|
"subliniate ori de câte ori sunt utilizate:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"According to the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
|
|
"vs-static.html) these are inlined upon use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În conformitate cu [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-"
|
|
"const-vs-static.html), acestea sunt subliniate la utilizare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Only functions marked `const` can be called at compile time to generate "
|
|
"`const` values. `const` functions can however be called at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Numai funcțiile marcate `const` pot fi apelate la compilare pentru a genera "
|
|
"valori `const`. totuși, funcțiile `const` pot fi apelate în timpul execuției."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`static`"
|
|
msgstr "`static`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Static variables will live during the whole execution of the program, and "
|
|
"therefore will not move:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Variabilele statice vor fi valabile pe toată durata execuției programului "
|
|
"și, prin urmare, nu se vor deplasa:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\""
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit la Ziua 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
msgid "\"{BANNER}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As noted in the [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-"
|
|
"vs-static.html), these are not inlined upon use and have an actual "
|
|
"associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, and "
|
|
"the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution. When a "
|
|
"globally-scoped value does not have a reason to need object identity, "
|
|
"`const` is generally preferred."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"După cum se menționează în [Rust RFC Book](https://rust-lang.github.io/"
|
|
"rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html), acestea nu sunt subliniate la utilizare și "
|
|
"au o locație de memorie reală asociată. Acest lucru este util pentru codul "
|
|
"nesigur și încorporat, iar variabila trăiește pe toată durata execuției "
|
|
"programului. Atunci când o valoare cu acoperire globală nu are un motiv "
|
|
"pentru a avea nevoie de identitatea obiectului, `const` este în general "
|
|
"preferată."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Menționați că `const` are un comportament semantic similar cu `constexpr` "
|
|
"din C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable "
|
|
"global variable in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`static`, pe de altă parte, este mult mai asemănătoare cu o variabilă "
|
|
"globală `const` sau mutabilă în C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`static` provides object identity: an address in memory and state as "
|
|
"required by types with interior mutability such as `Mutex<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`static` asigură identitatea obiectului: o adresă în memorie și starea "
|
|
"necesară pentru tipurile cu mutabilitate interioară, cum ar fi `Mutex<T>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but "
|
|
"it is helpful and safer than using a static."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nu este foarte des întâlnit cazul în care cineva ar avea nevoie de o "
|
|
"constantă evaluată în timp de execuție, dar este utilă și mai sigură decât "
|
|
"utilizarea unei constante statice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
msgid "Properties table:"
|
|
msgstr "Tabelul cu proprietăți:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Property"
|
|
msgstr "Proprietate"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
msgid "Static"
|
|
msgstr "Static"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
msgid "Constant"
|
|
msgstr "Constant"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
msgid "Has an address in memory"
|
|
msgstr "Are o adresă în memorie"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Yes"
|
|
msgstr "Da"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "No (inlined)"
|
|
msgstr "Nu (subliniat)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Lives for the entire duration of the program"
|
|
msgstr "Trăiește pe întreaga durată a programului"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "No"
|
|
msgstr "Nu"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
msgid "Can be mutable"
|
|
msgstr "Poate fi mutabil"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
msgid "Yes (unsafe)"
|
|
msgstr "Da (nesigur)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
msgid "Evaluated at compile time"
|
|
msgstr "Evaluat la compilare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
msgid "Yes (initialised at compile time)"
|
|
msgstr "Da (inițializat la compilare)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Inlined wherever it is used"
|
|
msgstr "Încărcat oriunde este utilizat"
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Because `static` variables are accessible from any thread, they must be "
|
|
"`Sync`. Interior mutability is possible through a [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html), atomic or similar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Deoarece variabilele `statice` sunt accesibile din orice fir de execuție, "
|
|
"ele trebuie să fie `Sync`. Mutabilitatea interioară este posibilă prin "
|
|
"intermediul unui [`Mutex`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex."
|
|
"html), atomic sau similar. De asemenea, este posibil să aveți variabile "
|
|
"statice mutabile, dar acestea necesită sincronizare manuală, astfel încât "
|
|
"orice acces la ele necesită cod `unsafe`. Ne vom uita la [mutable statics]"
|
|
"(../unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md) în capitolul despre Unsafe Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/static-and-const.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Thread-local data can be created with the macro `std::thread_local`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"datele `thread_local` pot fi create cu ajutorul macroului `std::"
|
|
"thread_local`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type alias creates a name for another type. The two types can be used "
|
|
"interchangeably."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md
|
|
msgid "// Aliases are more useful with long, complex types:\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/aliases.md
|
|
msgid "C programmers will recognize this as similar to a `typedef`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will create a data structure to represent an event in an elevator control "
|
|
"system. It is up to you to define the types and functions to construct "
|
|
"various events. Use `#[derive(Debug)]` to allow the types to be formatted "
|
|
"with `{:?}`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This exercise only requires creating and populating data structures so that "
|
|
"`main` runs without errors. The next part of the course will cover getting "
|
|
"data out of these structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// An event in the elevator system that the controller must react to.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: add required variants\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A direction of travel.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car has arrived on the given floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car doors have opened.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car doors have closed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// A directional button was pressed in an elevator lobby on the given "
|
|
"floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A floor button was pressed in the elevator car.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"A ground floor passenger has pressed the up button: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"The car has arrived on the ground floor: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"The car door opened: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"A passenger has pressed the 3rd floor button: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"The car door closed: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/exercise.md src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"The car has arrived on the 3rd floor: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A button was pressed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car has arrived at the given floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car's doors have opened.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The car's doors have closed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A floor is represented as an integer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A user-accessible button.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A button in the elevator lobby on the given floor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/user-defined-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A floor button within the car.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 2"
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit în ziua 2"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, today will focus on Rust's type "
|
|
"system:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acum, că am văzut o cantitate destul de mare de rugină, vom continua cu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Pattern matching: extracting data from structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Găsirea de tipare: destructurarea enumerațiilor, structurilor și a "
|
|
"tablourilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "Methods: associating functions with types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "Traits: behaviors shared by multiple types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "Generics: parameterizing types on other types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Standard library types and traits: a tour of Rust's rich standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-2.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Pattern Matching](./pattern-matching.md) (50 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consultați [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) pentru mai multe "
|
|
"detalii despre tipare în Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "[Methods and Traits](./methods-and-traits.md) (55 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md
|
|
msgid "[Generics](./generics.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 3 hours and 5 "
|
|
"minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md
|
|
msgid "[Destructuring](./pattern-matching/destructuring.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md
|
|
msgid "[Let Control Flow](./pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Expression Evaluation](./pattern-matching/exercise.md) (30 "
|
|
"minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "Like tuples, structs and enums can also be destructured by matching:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "Structs"
|
|
msgstr "Structuri"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"y = {y}, other fields were ignored\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is "
|
|
"how you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple "
|
|
"`enum` type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Modelele pot fi, de asemenea, utilizate pentru a lega variabilele de părți "
|
|
"ale valorilor dumneavoastră. În acest fel puteți inspecta structura "
|
|
"tipurilor dumneavoastră. Să începem cu un tip simplu `enum`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"{n} divided in two is {half}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid "\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first "
|
|
"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second "
|
|
"arm, `msg` is bound to the error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aici am folosit brațele pentru a _destructura_ valoarea `Result`. În primul "
|
|
"braț, `half` este legat de valoarea din interiorul variantei `Ok`. În al "
|
|
"doilea braț, `msg` este legat de mesajul de eroare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Modificați valorile literale din `foo` pentru a se potrivi cu celelalte "
|
|
"modele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Adăugați un nou câmp la `Foo` și modificați modelul după cum este necesar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to "
|
|
"spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it "
|
|
"subtly doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Distincția dintre o captură și o expresie constantă poate fi greu de "
|
|
"observat. Încercați să schimbați `2` din al doilea braț cu o variabilă și "
|
|
"vedeți că, în mod subtil, nu mai funcționează. Schimbați-o într-o `const` și "
|
|
"vedeți că funcționează din nou."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with "
|
|
"a `match`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Expresia `if`/`else` returnează o enumerație care este ulterior "
|
|
"descompactată cu un `match`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the "
|
|
"errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now "
|
|
"inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți încerca să adăugați o a treia variantă la definiția enumului și să "
|
|
"afișați erorile atunci când executați codul. Evidențiați locurile în care "
|
|
"codul dvs. este acum neexhaustiv și modul în care compilatorul încearcă să "
|
|
"vă ofere indicii."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern "
|
|
"matched."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Valorile din variantele enum pot fi accesate numai după ce au fost comparate "
|
|
"cu un model. Modelul leagă referințele la câmpurile din \"brațul de "
|
|
"potrivire\" după `=>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage "
|
|
"the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Demonstrați ce se întâmplă atunci când căutarea este neexhaustivă. Observați "
|
|
"avantajul pe care îl oferă compilatorul Rust prin confirmarea momentului în "
|
|
"care sunt tratate toate cazurile."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Save the result of `divide_in_two` in the `result` variable and `match` it "
|
|
"in a loop. That won't compile because `msg` is consumed when matched. To fix "
|
|
"it, match `&result` instead of `result`. That will make `msg` a reference so "
|
|
"it won't be consumed. This [\"match ergonomics\"](https://rust-lang.github."
|
|
"io/rfcs/2005-match-ergonomics.html) appeared in Rust 2018. If you want to "
|
|
"support older Rust, replace `msg` with `ref msg` in the pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has a few control flow constructs which differ from other languages. "
|
|
"They are used for pattern matching:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust are câteva construcții de flux de control care diferă de alte limbaje. "
|
|
"Acestea sunt utilizate pentru potrivirea modelelor:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`if let` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "Expresii if let"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`while let` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "Expresii while let"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`match` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "expresii `match`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`if let` expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-"
|
|
"expr.html#if-let-expressions) lets you execute different code depending on "
|
|
"whether a value matches a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Expresia [`if let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-expr."
|
|
"html#if-let-expressions) vă permite să executați un cod diferit în funcție "
|
|
"de potrivirea unei valori cu un model:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "\"slept for {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`let else` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "Expresii while let"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the common case of matching a pattern and returning from the function, "
|
|
"use [`let else`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/"
|
|
"let_else.html). The \"else\" case must diverge (`return`, `break`, or panic "
|
|
"- anything but falling off the end of the block)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "\"got None\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "\"got empty string\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "\"not a hex digit\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"result: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"foo\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) variant which "
|
|
"repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ca și în cazul lui `if let`, există o variantă [`while let`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops) "
|
|
"care testează în mod repetat o valoare în raport cu un model:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here [`String::pop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/string/struct."
|
|
"String.html#method.pop) returns `Some(c)` until the string is empty, after "
|
|
"which it will return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through "
|
|
"all items."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aici, iteratorul returnat de `v.into_iter()` va returna un `Option<i32>` la "
|
|
"fiecare apel la `next()`. Acesta returnează `Some(x)` până când termină, "
|
|
"după care va returna `None`. Metoda `while let` ne permite să continuăm "
|
|
"iterația prin toate elementele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "if-let"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not have to cover all branches. This can make "
|
|
"it more concise than `match`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Spre deosebire de `match`, `if let` nu trebuie să acopere toate ramurile. "
|
|
"Acest lucru îl poate face mai concis decât `match`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O utilizare obișnuită este manipularea valorilor `Some` atunci când se "
|
|
"lucrează cu `Option`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Spre deosebire de `match`, `if let` nu acceptă clauze de protecție pentru "
|
|
"potrivirea de tipare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "let-else"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`if-let`s can pile up, as shown. The `let-else` construct supports "
|
|
"flattening this nested code. Rewrite the awkward version for students, so "
|
|
"they can see the transformation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
msgid "The rewritten version is:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "while-let"
|
|
msgstr "bucle `while let`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value "
|
|
"matches the pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Precizați că bucla `while let` va continua atâta timp cât valoarea se "
|
|
"potrivește cu modelul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/let-control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if "
|
|
"statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `name.pop()`. The "
|
|
"`while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ați putea rescrie bucla `while let` ca o buclă infinită cu o instrucțiune if "
|
|
"care se întrerupe atunci când nu mai există nicio valoare de desfăcut pentru "
|
|
"`iter.next()`. `while let` oferă zahăr sintactic pentru scenariul de mai sus."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Let's write a simple recursive evaluator for arithmetic expressions."
|
|
msgstr "Să scriem un evaluator recursiv simplu pentru expresii aritmetice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Box` type here is a smart pointer, and will be covered in detail later "
|
|
"in the course. An expression can be \"boxed\" with `Box::new` as seen in the "
|
|
"tests. To evaluate a boxed expression, use the deref operator (`*`) to "
|
|
"\"unbox\" it: `eval(*boxed_expr)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipul `Box` de aici este un pointer inteligent și va fi tratat în detaliu "
|
|
"mai târziu în curs. O expresie poate fi \"boxată\" cu `Box::new`, așa cum se "
|
|
"vede în teste. Pentru a evalua o expresie boxată, utilizați operatorul deref "
|
|
"pentru a o \"desface\": `eval(*boxed_expr)`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some expressions cannot be evaluated and will return an error. The standard "
|
|
"[`Result<Value, String>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/enum.Result."
|
|
"html) type is an enum that represents either a successful value "
|
|
"(`Ok(Value)`) or an error (`Err(String)`). We will cover this type in detail "
|
|
"later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unele expresii nu pot fi evaluate și vor returna o eroare. Tipul `Res` "
|
|
"reprezintă fie o valoare de succes, fie o eroare cu un mesaj. Acest tip este "
|
|
"foarte asemănător cu `Result` din biblioteca standard, pe care îl vom vedea "
|
|
"mai târziu."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy and paste the code into the Rust playground, and begin implementing "
|
|
"`eval`. The final product should pass the tests. It may be helpful to use "
|
|
"`todo!()` and get the tests to pass one-by-one. You can also skip a test "
|
|
"temporarily with `#[ignore]`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copiați și lipiți codul în locul de joacă Rust și începeți să implementați "
|
|
"`eval`. Produsul final ar trebui să treacă testele. Poate fi util să "
|
|
"folosiți `todo!()` și să obțineți testele să treacă unul câte unul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you finish early, try writing a test that results in division by zero or "
|
|
"integer overflow. How could you handle this with `Result` instead of a panic?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă terminați mai devreme, încercați să scrieți un test care are ca "
|
|
"rezultat o depășire de număr întreg. Cum ați putea gestiona acest lucru cu "
|
|
"`Res::Err` în loc de o panică?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// An operation to perform on two subexpressions.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// An expression, in tree form.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// An operation on two subexpressions.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A literal value\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/exercise.md src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"division by zero\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"expr: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Methods](./methods-and-traits/methods.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Traits](./methods-and-traits/traits.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Deriving](./methods-and-traits/deriving.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Trait Objects](./methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Generic Logger](./methods-and-traits/exercise.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 55 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with "
|
|
"an `impl` block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust vă permite să asociați funcții cu noile dvs. tipuri. Acest lucru se "
|
|
"face cu ajutorul unui bloc `impl`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "// No receiver, a static method\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "// Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "// Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "// Exclusive ownership of self\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "\"Monaco Grand Prix\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
msgid "// race.add_lap(42);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `self` arguments specify the \"receiver\" - the object the method acts "
|
|
"on. There are several common receivers for a method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Simbolul `&self` de mai sus indică faptul că metoda împrumută obiectul în "
|
|
"mod imuabil. Există și alți receptori posibili pentru o metodă:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable "
|
|
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&self`: împrumută obiectul de la apelant folosind o referință partajată și "
|
|
"imuabilă. Obiectul poate fi utilizat din nou ulterior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable "
|
|
"reference. The object can be used again afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&mut self`: împrumută obiectul de la apelant folosind o referință unică și "
|
|
"mutabilă. Obiectul poate fi utilizat din nou ulterior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The "
|
|
"method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped "
|
|
"(deallocated) when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly "
|
|
"transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`self`: preia proprietatea asupra obiectului și îl îndepărtează de la "
|
|
"apelant. Metoda devine proprietarul obiectului. Obiectul va fi abandonat "
|
|
"(dezalocat) la întoarcerea metodei, cu excepția cazului în care proprietatea "
|
|
"sa este transmisă în mod explicit. Proprietatea completă nu înseamnă automat "
|
|
"mutabilitate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object."
|
|
msgstr "`mut self`: la fel ca mai sus, dar metoda poate muta obiectul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to "
|
|
"create constructors which are called `new` by convention."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fără receptor: aceasta devine o metodă statică pe structura. Se utilizează "
|
|
"de obicei pentru a crea constructori care sunt numiți `new` prin convenție."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Poate fi utilă introducerea metodelor prin compararea lor cu funcțiile."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the "
|
|
"first parameter represents the instance as `self`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Metodele sunt apelate pe o instanță a unui tip (cum ar fi un struct sau "
|
|
"enum), primul parametru reprezintă instanța ca `self`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver "
|
|
"syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep "
|
|
"all the implementation code in one predictable place."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dezvoltatorii pot alege să folosească metode pentru a profita de sintaxa "
|
|
"receptorului de metode și pentru a le menține mai bine organizate. Prin "
|
|
"utilizarea metodelor putem păstra tot codul de implementare într-un singur "
|
|
"loc previzibil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver."
|
|
msgstr "Indicați utilizarea cuvântului cheie `self`, un receptor de metodă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self: Self` and perhaps show how "
|
|
"the struct name could also be used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Arătați că este un termen prescurtat pentru \"sine\": Self` și, eventual, "
|
|
"arătați cum ar putea fi folosit și numele structurii."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and "
|
|
"can be used elsewhere in the block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Explicați că `Self` este un alias de tip pentru tipul în care se află blocul "
|
|
"`impl` și poate fi utilizat în altă parte a blocului."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to "
|
|
"refer to individual fields."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Observați cum `self` este utilizat ca și alte structuri și cum notația cu "
|
|
"puncte poate fi utilizată pentru a se referi la câmpuri individuale."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` "
|
|
"by trying to run `finish` twice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acesta ar putea fi un moment bun pentru a demonstra cum diferă `&self` de "
|
|
"`self` prin modificarea codului și încercarea de a rula say_hello de două "
|
|
"ori."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/methods.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also [special wrapper types](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) allowed to be "
|
|
"receiver types, such as `Box<Self>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În afară de variantele lui `self`, există și [tipuri speciale de înveliș]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html) care pot "
|
|
"fi tipuri de receptor, cum ar fi `Box<Self>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust vă permite să abstractizați tipurile cu ajutorul trăsăturilor. Acestea "
|
|
"sunt similare cu interfețele:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
msgid "\"Oh you're a cutie! What's your name? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid "\"Woof, my name is {}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid "\"Miau!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid "\"Fido\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A trait defines a number of methods that types must have in order to "
|
|
"implement the trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
msgid "Traits are implemented in an `impl <trait> for <type> { .. }` block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Traits may specify pre-implemented (provided) methods and methods that users "
|
|
"are required to implement themselves. Provided methods can rely on required "
|
|
"methods. In this case, `greet` is provided, and relies on `talk`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Trăsăturile pot specifica metode preimplementate (implicite) și metode pe "
|
|
"care utilizatorii trebuie să le implementeze ei înșiși. Metodele cu "
|
|
"implementări implicite se pot baza pe metodele obligatorii."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Supported traits can be automatically implemented for your custom types, as "
|
|
"follows:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid "// Default trait adds `default` constructor.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid "// Clone trait adds `clone` method.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid "\"EldurScrollz\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid "// Debug trait adds support for printing with `{:?}`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid "\"{:?} vs. {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/deriving.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Derivation is implemented with macros, and many crates provide useful derive "
|
|
"macros to add useful functionality. For example, `serde` can derive "
|
|
"serialization support for a struct using `#[derive(Serialize)]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a "
|
|
"collection:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Obiectele de trăsături permit valori de diferite tipuri, de exemplu într-o "
|
|
"colecție:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello, who are you? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:"
|
|
msgstr "Dispunerea memoriei după alocarea `pets`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": pets : : +----+----+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ .->| F | i | d | o "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o | | +----+----+----+----"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ "
|
|
"`---------. :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | data "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | | +-------+--|-------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | '-->| name | o, 4, 4 "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | | age | 5 "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | +-------+----------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | | "
|
|
"vtable :\n"
|
|
" : | | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | | '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::talk\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | "
|
|
"data :\n"
|
|
" : | | +-------+-------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : | '-->| lives | 9 "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | +-------+-------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : | "
|
|
"vtable :\n"
|
|
" : | +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : '---->| \"<Cat as Pet>::talk\" "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
" : +----------------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stiva Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": animale de companie : : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : : +-----+-----+ .->| F | i | d | o | :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---++-+-+-----+-->| o o | o o | o o | | | +----+----+----"
|
|
"+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | len | 2 | : : : +-|-|-|-+-|-|-|-+ `---------. :\n"
|
|
": | capacitate | 2 | : : | | | | | | date | :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | | +-------+--|-------+ :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | | '-->|| nume | o, 4, 4 | :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | | | vârstă | 5 | :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | +-------+----------+ :\n"
|
|
" : | | | :\n"
|
|
" : | | | | vtable :\n"
|
|
" : | | | +----------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : | | '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::"
|
|
"talk\" | :\n"
|
|
" : | | +----------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : | | :\n"
|
|
" : | | date :\n"
|
|
" : | | +-------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
" : | '-->| vieți | 9 | :\n"
|
|
" : | +-------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
" : | :\n"
|
|
" : | vtable :\n"
|
|
" : | +----------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : '---->|| \"<Cat as Pet>::talk\" | :\n"
|
|
" : +----------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it "
|
|
"impossible to have things like `Vec<dyn Pet>` in the example above."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipurile care implementează o anumită trăsătură pot avea dimensiuni "
|
|
"diferite. Acest lucru face imposibilă existența unor lucruri precum `Vec<dyn "
|
|
"Pet>` în exemplul de mai sus."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that "
|
|
"implements `Pet`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`dyn Pet` este o modalitate de a indica compilatorului un tip dimensionat "
|
|
"dinamic care implementează `Pet`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the example, `pets` is allocated on the stack and the vector data is on "
|
|
"the heap. The two vector elements are _fat pointers_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În acest exemplu, `pets` este alocat pe stivă, iar datele vectorului se află "
|
|
"pe heap. Cele două elemente ale vectorului sunt _fat pointeri_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A fat pointer is a double-width pointer. It has two components: a pointer to "
|
|
"the actual object and a pointer to the [virtual method table](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_method_table) (vtable) for the `Pet` "
|
|
"implementation of that particular object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un pointer gras este un pointer cu lățime dublă. Acesta are două componente: "
|
|
"un pointer la obiectul real și un pointer la [virtual method table](https://"
|
|
"en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_method_table) (vtable) pentru implementarea "
|
|
"`Pet` a obiectului respectiv."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The data for the `Dog` named Fido is the `name` and `age` fields. The `Cat` "
|
|
"has a `lives` field."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Datele pentru `Dog` numit Fido sunt câmpurile `name` și `age`. Pentru `Cat` "
|
|
"există un câmp `lives`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Compare these outputs in the above example:"
|
|
msgstr "Comparați aceste ieșiri în exemplul de mai sus:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"{} {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/trait-objects.md src/std-traits/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/std-traits/solution.md src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "\"{}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let's design a simple logging utility, using a trait `Logger` with a `log` "
|
|
"method. Code which might log its progress can then take an `&impl Logger`. "
|
|
"In testing, this might put messages in the test logfile, while in a "
|
|
"production build it would send messages to a log server."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, the `StderrLogger` given below logs all messages, regardless of "
|
|
"verbosity. Your task is to write a `VerbosityFilter` type that will ignore "
|
|
"messages above a maximum verbosity."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a common pattern: a struct wrapping a trait implementation and "
|
|
"implementing that same trait, adding behavior in the process. What other "
|
|
"kinds of wrappers might be useful in a logging utility?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Log a message at the given verbosity level.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"verbosity={verbosity}: {message}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"FYI\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Uhoh\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Define and implement `VerbosityFilter`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods-and-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Only log messages up to the given verbosity level.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md
|
|
msgid "[Generic Functions](./generics/generic-functions.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md
|
|
msgid "[Generic Data Types](./generics/generic-data.md) (15 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md
|
|
msgid "[Trait Bounds](./generics/trait-bounds.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md
|
|
msgid "[impl Trait](./generics/impl-trait.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Generic min](./generics/exercise.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md src/smart-pointers.md src/iterators.md src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 45 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust supports generics, which lets you abstract algorithms or data "
|
|
"structures (such as sorting or a binary tree) over the types used or stored."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust suportă generice, ceea ce vă permite să abstractizați algoritmi sau "
|
|
"structuri de date (cum ar fi sortarea sau un arbore binar) peste tipurile "
|
|
"utilizate sau stocate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "/// Pick `even` or `odd` depending on the value of `n`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"picked a number: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"picked a tuple: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"dog\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"cat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust infers a type for T based on the types of the arguments and return "
|
|
"value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is similar to C++ templates, but Rust partially compiles the generic "
|
|
"function immediately, so that function must be valid for all types matching "
|
|
"the constraints. For example, try modifying `pick` to return `even + odd` if "
|
|
"`n == 0`. Even if only the `pick` instantiation with integers is used, Rust "
|
|
"still considers it invalid. C++ would let you do this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites. This "
|
|
"is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had "
|
|
"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceasta este o abstractizare cu costuri zero: obțineți exact același "
|
|
"rezultat ca și cum ați fi codat manual structurile de date fără "
|
|
"abstractizare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți utiliza elementele generice pentru a face abstracție de tipul de câmp "
|
|
"concret:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
msgid "// fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
msgid "\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
msgid "\"coords: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Q:_ Why `T` is specified twice in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Isn't that "
|
|
"redundant?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"întrebare: De ce `T` este specificat de două ori în `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? "
|
|
"Nu este redundant?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. "
|
|
"They are independently generic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru se datorează faptului că este o secțiune de implementare "
|
|
"generică pentru un tip generic. Acestea sunt generice în mod independent."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It means these methods are defined for any `T`."
|
|
msgstr "Aceasta înseamnă că aceste metode sunt definite pentru orice `T`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It is possible to write `impl Point<u32> { .. }`."
|
|
msgstr "Este posibil să se scrie `impl Point<u32> { .. }`. "
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Point` is still generic and you can use `Point<f64>`, but methods in this "
|
|
"block will only be available for `Point<u32>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Point` este în continuare generic și puteți utiliza `Point<f64>`, dar "
|
|
"metodele din acest bloc vor fi disponibile numai pentru `Point<u32>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/generic-data.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`. Update the "
|
|
"code to allow points that have elements of different types, by using two "
|
|
"type variables, e.g., `T` and `U`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement "
|
|
"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atunci când lucrați cu generice, deseori doriți să solicitați ca tipurile să "
|
|
"implementeze o anumită trăsătură, astfel încât să puteți apela metodele "
|
|
"acestei trăsături."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:"
|
|
msgstr "Puteți face acest lucru cu `T: Trait` sau `impl Trait`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid "// struct NotClonable;\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid "\"{pair:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid "Try making a `NonClonable` and passing it to `duplicate`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid "When multiple traits are necessary, use `+` to join them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Arătați o clauză `where`, elevii o vor întâlni atunci când vor citi codul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters."
|
|
msgstr "Declutinează semnătura funcției dacă aveți mulți parametri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It has additional features making it more powerful."
|
|
msgstr "Are caracteristici suplimentare care îl fac mai puternic."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can "
|
|
"be arbitrary, like `Option<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă cineva întreabă, caracteristica suplimentară este că tipul din stânga "
|
|
"lui \":\" poate fi arbitrar, cum ar fi `Option<T>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/trait-bounds.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that Rust does not (yet) support specialization. For example, given the "
|
|
"original `duplicate`, it is invalid to add a specialized `duplicate(a: u32)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function "
|
|
"arguments and return values:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La fel ca în cazul limitelor trăsăturilor, o sintaxă `impl Trait` poate fi "
|
|
"utilizată în argumentele funcțiilor și în valorile de returnare:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
|
|
"// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid "\"{many}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid "\"{many_more}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid "\"debuggable: {debuggable:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name. The "
|
|
"meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Semnificația lui `impl Trait` este puțin diferită în diferitele poziții."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a "
|
|
"trait bound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru un parametru, `impl Trait` este ca un parametru generic anonim cu o "
|
|
"trăsătură legată."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that "
|
|
"implements the trait, without naming the type. This can be useful when you "
|
|
"don't want to expose the concrete type in a public API."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru un tip de returnare, înseamnă că tipul de returnare este un tip "
|
|
"concret care implementează trăsătura, fără a numi tipul. Acest lucru poate "
|
|
"fi util atunci când nu doriți să expuneți tipul concret într-o API publică."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks "
|
|
"the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A "
|
|
"function returning a generic type like `collect<B>() -> B` can return any "
|
|
"type satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with "
|
|
"`let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::"
|
|
"<Vec<_>>()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Inferența este dificilă în poziția de retur. O funcție care returnează `impl "
|
|
"Foo` alege tipul concret pe care îl returnează, fără a scrie acest lucru în "
|
|
"sursă. O funcție care returnează un tip generic, cum ar fi `collect<B>() -"
|
|
"> B`, poate returna orice tip care satisface `B`, iar apelantul poate fi "
|
|
"nevoit să aleagă unul, ca în cazul lui `let x: Vec<_> = foo.collect()` sau "
|
|
"cu turbofishul, `foo.collect::<Vec<_>>()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/impl-trait.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What is the type of `debuggable`? Try `let debuggable: () = ..` to see what "
|
|
"the error message shows."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this short exercise, you will implement a generic `min` function that "
|
|
"determines the minimum of two values, using a `LessThan` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Return true if self is less than other.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: implement the `min` function used in `main`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Shapiro\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/exercise.md src/generics/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Baumann\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "[Standard Library Types](./std-types.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "[Standard Library Traits](./std-traits.md) (1 hour and 40 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "[Standard Library](./std-types/std.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "[Documentation](./std-types/docs.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "[Option](./std-types/option.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "[Result](./std-types/result.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "[String](./std-types/string.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "[Vec](./std-types/vec.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "[HashMap](./std-types/hashmap.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Counter](./std-types/exercise.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md src/memory-management.md src/slices-and-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 10 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For each of the slides in this section, spend some time reviewing the "
|
|
"documentation pages, highlighting some of the more common methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common "
|
|
"types used by Rust libraries and programs. This way, two libraries can work "
|
|
"together smoothly because they both use the same `String` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust vine cu o bibliotecă standard care ajută la stabilirea unui set de "
|
|
"tipuri comune utilizate de bibliotecile și programele Rust. În acest fel, "
|
|
"două biblioteci pot lucra împreună fără probleme, deoarece ambele utilizează "
|
|
"același tip `String`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, "
|
|
"`alloc` and `std`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De fapt, Rust conține mai multe straturi ale bibliotecii standard: `core`, "
|
|
"`alloc` și `std`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on "
|
|
"`libc`, allocator or even the presence of an operating system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`core` include cele mai de bază tipuri și funcții care nu depind de `libc`, "
|
|
"de alocator sau chiar de prezența unui sistem de operare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, "
|
|
"`Box` and `Arc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`alloc` include tipuri care necesită un alocator global de heap, cum ar fi "
|
|
"`Vec`, `Box` și `Arc`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aplicațiile Rust încorporate folosesc adesea doar `core` și uneori `alloc`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid "Rust comes with extensive documentation. For example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All of the details about [loops](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/reference/"
|
|
"expressions/loop-expr.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă doriți să ieșiți mai devreme dintr-o buclă, utilizați [`break`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions),"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Primitive types like [`u8`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive."
|
|
"u8.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Standard library types like [`Option`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/"
|
|
"option/enum.Option.html) or [`BinaryHeap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/"
|
|
"std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) și [`String`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid "In fact, you can document your own code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second "
|
|
"argument.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are "
|
|
"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the [rustdoc]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is "
|
|
"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Conținutul este tratat ca Markdown. Toate crăițele de bibliotecă Rust "
|
|
"publicate sunt documentate automat la [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) folosind "
|
|
"instrumentul [rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc."
|
|
"html). Este idiomatic să se documenteze toate elementele publice dintr-o API "
|
|
"folosind acest model. Fragmentele de cod pot documenta utilizarea și vor fi "
|
|
"utilizate ca teste unitare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To document an item from inside the item (such as inside a module), use `//!"
|
|
"` or `/*! .. */`, called \"inner doc comments\":"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"//! This module contains functionality relating to divisibility of "
|
|
"integers.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/docs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at <https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"rand>."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Arătați studenților documentația generată pentru crăiasa `rand` la [`docs.rs/"
|
|
"rand`](https://docs.rs/rand)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Option"
|
|
msgstr "Excepții"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We have already seen some use of `Option<T>`. It stores either a value of "
|
|
"type `T` or nothing. For example, [`String::find`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"stable/std/string/struct.String.html#method.find) returns an `Option<usize>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid "\"Löwe 老虎 Léopard Gepardi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid "'é'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid "\"find returned {position:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid "'Z'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid "\"Character not found\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Option` is widely used, not just in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Option` și `Result` sunt utilizate pe scară largă, nu doar în biblioteca "
|
|
"standard."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`unwrap` will return the value in an `Option`, or panic. `expect` is similar "
|
|
"but takes an error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can panic on None, but you can't \"accidentally\" forget to check for "
|
|
"None."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's common to `unwrap`/`expect` all over the place when hacking something "
|
|
"together, but production code typically handles `None` in a nicer fashion."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/option.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The niche optimization means that `Option<T>` often has the same size in "
|
|
"memory as `T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
msgid "Result"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` is similar to `Option`, but indicates the success or failure of an "
|
|
"operation, each with a different type. This is similar to the `Res` defined "
|
|
"in the expression exercise, but generic: `Result<T, E>` where `T` is used in "
|
|
"the `Ok` variant and `E` appears in the `Err` variant."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
msgid "\"diary.txt\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
msgid "\"Dear diary: {contents} ({bytes} bytes)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
msgid "\"Could not read file content\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
msgid "\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the "
|
|
"developer to explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the "
|
|
"case where an error should never happen, `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be "
|
|
"called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ca și în cazul lui `Option`, valoarea de succes se află în interiorul lui "
|
|
"`Result`, obligând dezvoltatorul să o extragă în mod explicit. Acest lucru "
|
|
"încurajează verificarea erorilor. În cazul în care o eroare nu ar trebui să "
|
|
"apară niciodată, se poate apela la `unwrap()` sau `expect()`, iar acesta "
|
|
"este și el un semnal al intenției dezvoltatorului."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it "
|
|
"is worth mentioning. It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions "
|
|
"that help functional-style programming."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"documentația `Result` este o lectură recomandată. Nu în timpul cursului, dar "
|
|
"merită să fie menționată. Conține o mulțime de metode și funcții "
|
|
"convenabile care ajută la programarea în stil funcțional."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/result.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on "
|
|
"Day 3."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Result` este tipul standard pentru a implementa gestionarea erorilor, după "
|
|
"cum vom vedea în ziua 3."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "String"
|
|
msgstr "Sir"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) is the "
|
|
"standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`String`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html) este "
|
|
"bufferul standard de șiruri UTF-8, cu alocare în heap, care poate crește:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "'!'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "\"🇨🇭\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid "\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` implements [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), which means that you can call "
|
|
"all `str` methods on a `String`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String` implementează [`Deref<Target = str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str), ceea ce înseamnă că puteți "
|
|
"apela toate metodele `str` pe un `String`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when "
|
|
"you know how much data you want to push to the string."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String::new` returnează un nou șir de caractere gol, utilizați `String::"
|
|
"with_capacity` atunci când știți câte date doriți să introduceți în șir."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be "
|
|
"different from its length in characters)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String::len` returnează dimensiunea șirului `String` în octeți (care poate "
|
|
"fi diferită de lungimea sa în caractere)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a "
|
|
"`char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due "
|
|
"to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/"
|
|
"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String::chars` returnează un iterator peste caracterele actuale. Rețineți "
|
|
"că un `char` poate fi diferit de ceea ce un om va considera un \"caracter\" "
|
|
"din cauza [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/"
|
|
"unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or "
|
|
"`String`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atunci când oamenii se referă la șiruri de caractere, ei pot vorbi fie "
|
|
"despre `&str`, fie despre `String`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When a type implements `Deref<Target = T>`, the compiler will let you "
|
|
"transparently call methods from `T`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atunci când un tip implementează `Deref<Target = T>`, compilatorul vă va "
|
|
"permite să apelați în mod transparent metodele din `T`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We haven't discussed the `Deref` trait yet, so at this point this mostly "
|
|
"explains the structure of the sidebar in the documentation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it "
|
|
"access to `str`'s methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String` implementează `Deref<Target = str>`, ceea ce îi oferă în mod "
|
|
"transparent acces la metodele lui `str`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1;`."
|
|
msgstr "Scrieți și comparați `let s3 = s1.deref();` și `let s3 = &*s1;`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the "
|
|
"operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but "
|
|
"with some extra guarantees."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String` este implementat ca un înveliș în jurul unui vector de octeți, "
|
|
"multe dintre operațiile pe care le vedeți acceptate pentru vectori sunt "
|
|
"acceptate și pentru `String`, dar cu unele garanții suplimentare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Compare the different ways to index a `String`:"
|
|
msgstr "Comparați diferitele moduri de a indexa un `String`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, "
|
|
"out-of-bounds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La un caracter prin utilizarea `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` unde `i` este în "
|
|
"interiorul limitelor, în afara limitelor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/string.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character "
|
|
"boundaries or not."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La o subșiră folosind `s3[0..4]`, unde acea felie se află sau nu la limitele "
|
|
"caracterelor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) is the standard "
|
|
"resizable heap-allocated buffer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Vec`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html) este un buffer "
|
|
"standard redimensionabil alocat pe heap:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "// Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "// Retain only the even elements.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "\"{v3:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid "// Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Vec` implements [`Deref<Target = [T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
"struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), which means that you can call slice "
|
|
"methods on a `Vec`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Vec` implementează [`Deref<Target = [T]>`]](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-%5BT%5D), ceea ce înseamnă că puteți apela "
|
|
"metode de feliere pe un `Vec`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data "
|
|
"it contains is stored on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't "
|
|
"need to be known at compile time. It can grow or shrink at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Vec` este un tip de colecție, alături de `String` și `HashMap`. Datele pe "
|
|
"care le conține sunt stocate în heap. Acest lucru înseamnă că nu este "
|
|
"necesar să se cunoască cantitatea de date în momentul compilării. Aceasta "
|
|
"poate crește sau se poate micșora în timpul execuției."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how `Vec<T>` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` "
|
|
"explicitly. As always with Rust type inference, the `T` was established "
|
|
"during the first `push` call."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Observați cum `Vec<T>` este și el un tip generic, dar nu trebuie să "
|
|
"specificați `T` în mod explicit. Ca întotdeauna în cazul inferenței de tip "
|
|
"Rust, `T` a fost stabilit în timpul primului apel `push`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it "
|
|
"supports adding initial elements to the vector."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`vec![...]` este o macro canonică care poate fi utilizată în locul lui `Vec::"
|
|
"new()` și permite adăugarea de elemente inițiale în vector."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. "
|
|
"Alternatively, using `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will "
|
|
"remove the last element."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru a indexa vectorul se folosește `[` ` `]` `, dar se va crea panică "
|
|
"dacă este în afara limitelor. Alternativ, folosind `get` se va returna un "
|
|
"`Option`. Funcția `pop` va elimina ultimul element."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/vec.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Slices are covered on day 3. For now, students only need to know that a "
|
|
"value of type `Vec` gives access to all of the documented slice methods, too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:"
|
|
msgstr "Hartă hash standard cu protecție împotriva atacurilor HashDoS:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Pride and Prejudice\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Les Misérables\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"{book}: {count} pages\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"{book} is unknown.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "// Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"{page_counts:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`HashMap` nu este definit în preludiu și trebuie să fie adus în domeniul de "
|
|
"aplicare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the "
|
|
"hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert "
|
|
"the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Încercați următoarele linii de cod. Prima linie va verifica dacă o carte se "
|
|
"află în hashmap și, în caz contrar, va returna o valoare alternativă. A doua "
|
|
"linie va introduce valoarea alternativă în hashmap dacă nu se găsește cartea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
msgid "\"The Hunger Games\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Spre deosebire de `vec!`, din păcate nu există o macro standard `hashmap!`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap.html#impl-"
|
|
"From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), which allows "
|
|
"us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cu toate că, începând cu Rust 1.56, HashMap implementează [`From<[(K, V); "
|
|
"N]>`]](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/hash_map/struct.HashMap."
|
|
"html#impl-From%3C%5B(K,+V);+N%5D%3E-for-HashMap%3CK,+V,+RandomState%3E), "
|
|
"ceea ce ne permite să inițializăm cu ușurință o hartă hash dintr-o matrice "
|
|
"literală:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-"
|
|
"value tuples."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Alternativ, HashMap poate fi construit din orice `Iterator` care produce "
|
|
"tupluri cheie-valoare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We are showing `HashMap<String, i32>`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make "
|
|
"examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done, "
|
|
"but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Prezentăm `HashMap<String, i32>` și evităm să folosim `&str` ca cheie pentru "
|
|
"a face exemplele mai ușoare. Folosirea referințelor în colecții se poate "
|
|
"face, desigur, dar poate duce la complicații cu verificatorul de împrumuturi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still "
|
|
"compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Încercați să eliminați `to_string()` din exemplul de mai sus și vedeți dacă "
|
|
"se compilează în continuare. Unde credeți că am putea întâmpina probleme?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/hashmap.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This type has several \"method-specific\" return types, such as `std::"
|
|
"collections::hash_map::Keys`. These types often appear in searches of the "
|
|
"Rust docs. Show students the docs for this type, and the helpful link back "
|
|
"to the `keys` method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest tip are mai multe tipuri de returnare \"specifice metodei\", cum ar fi "
|
|
"`std::collections::hash_map::Keys`. Aceste tipuri apar adesea în căutările "
|
|
"din documentele Rust. Arătați studenților documentația pentru acest tip și "
|
|
"legătura utilă către metoda `keys`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise you will take a very simple data structure and make it "
|
|
"generic. It uses a [`std::collections::HashMap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html) to keep track of which values "
|
|
"have been seen and how many times each one has appeared."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The initial version of `Counter` is hard coded to only work for `u32` "
|
|
"values. Make the struct and its methods generic over the type of value being "
|
|
"tracked, that way `Counter` can track any type of value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you finish early, try using the [`entry`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"stable/std/collections/struct.HashMap.html#method.entry) method to halve the "
|
|
"number of hash lookups required to implement the `count` method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Counter counts the number of times each value of type T has been seen.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Create a new Counter.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Count an occurrence of the given value.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Return the number of times the given value has been seen.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"saw {} values equal to {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"apple\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"orange\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-types/exercise.md src/std-types/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"got {} apples\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Comparisons](./std-traits/comparisons.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Operators](./std-traits/operators.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[From and Into](./std-traits/from-and-into.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Casting](./std-traits/casting.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Read and Write](./std-traits/read-and-write.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Default, struct update syntax](./std-traits/default.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Closures](./std-traits/closures.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: ROT13](./std-traits/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 1 hour and 40 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with the standard-library types, spend time reviewing the documentation "
|
|
"for each trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits.md
|
|
msgid "This section is long. Take a break midway through."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These traits support comparisons between values. All traits can be derived "
|
|
"for types containing fields that implement these traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid "`PartialEq` and `Eq`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PartialEq` is a partial equivalence relation, with required method `eq` and "
|
|
"provided method `ne`. The `==` and `!=` operators will call these methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Eq` is a full equivalence relation (reflexive, symmetric, and transitive) "
|
|
"and implies `PartialEq`. Functions that require full equivalence will use "
|
|
"`Eq` as a trait bound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`PartialOrd` and `Ord`"
|
|
msgstr "`Read` și `Write`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PartialOrd` defines a partial ordering, with a `partial_cmp` method. It is "
|
|
"used to implement the `<`, `<=`, `>=`, and `>` operators."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid "`Ord` is a total ordering, with `cmp` returning `Ordering`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PartialEq` can be implemented between different types, but `Eq` cannot, "
|
|
"because it is reflexive:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/comparisons.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In practice, it's common to derive these traits, but uncommon to implement "
|
|
"them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Supraîncărcarea operatorilor este implementată prin intermediul trăsăturilor "
|
|
"în [`std::ops`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
msgid "\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Discussion points:"
|
|
msgstr "Puncte de discuție:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful?"
|
|
msgstr "Ați putea implementa `Add` pentru `&Point`. În ce situații este utilă?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are overloading "
|
|
"the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading the operator for "
|
|
"`&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the call site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Răspuns: `Add:add` consumă `self`. Dacă tipul `T` pentru care supraîncărcați "
|
|
"operatorul nu este `Copy`, ar trebui să luați în considerare supraîncărcarea "
|
|
"operatorului și pentru `&T`. Astfel se evită clonarea inutilă pe locul de "
|
|
"apel."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter of the "
|
|
"method?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De ce este `Output` un tip asociat? Ar putea fi transformat într-un "
|
|
"parametru de tip al metodei?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Short answer: Function type parameters are controlled by the caller, but "
|
|
"associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementer of a "
|
|
"trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Răspuns scurt: Parametrii de tip funcție sunt controlați de către apelant, "
|
|
"dar tipurile asociate (cum ar fi `Output`) sunt controlate de către "
|
|
"implementatorul unei trăsături."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/operators.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You could implement `Add` for two different types, e.g. `impl Add<(i32, "
|
|
"i32)> for Point` would add a tuple to a `Point`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ați putea implementa `Add` pentru două tipuri diferite, de exemplu, `impl "
|
|
"Add<(i32, i32)> pentru Point` ar adăuga un tuple la un `Point`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types implement [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From."
|
|
"html) and [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) to "
|
|
"facilitate type conversions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipurile implementează [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait."
|
|
"From.html) și [`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into."
|
|
"html) pentru a facilita conversiile de tip:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
msgid "\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) is "
|
|
"automatically implemented when [`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"convert/trait.From.html) is implemented:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) este "
|
|
"implementat automat atunci când este implementat [`From`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get "
|
|
"`Into` implementation too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De aceea, este obișnuit să se implementeze doar `From`, deoarece tipul tău "
|
|
"va primi și implementarea `Into`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/from-and-into.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be "
|
|
"converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`. "
|
|
"Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ "
|
|
"implement `Into`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atunci când declarați un tip de intrare de argument de funcție de tipul "
|
|
"\"orice poate fi convertit într-un `String`\", regula este opusă, trebuie să "
|
|
"utilizați `Into`. Funcția dvs. va accepta tipurile care implementează `From` "
|
|
"și cele care implementează _doar_ `Into`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has no _implicit_ type conversions, but does support explicit casts "
|
|
"with `as`. These generally follow C semantics where those are defined."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid "\"as u16: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid "\"as i16: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid "\"as u8: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The results of `as` are _always_ defined in Rust and consistent across "
|
|
"platforms. This might not match your intuition for changing sign or casting "
|
|
"to a smaller type -- check the docs, and comment for clarity."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Casting with `as` is a relatively sharp tool that is easy to use "
|
|
"incorrectly, and can be a source of subtle bugs as future maintenance work "
|
|
"changes the types that are used or the ranges of values in types. Casts are "
|
|
"best used only when the intent is to indicate unconditional truncation (e.g. "
|
|
"selecting the bottom 32 bits of a `u64` with `as u32`, regardless of what "
|
|
"was in the high bits)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For infallible casts (e.g. `u32` to `u64`), prefer using `From` or `Into` "
|
|
"over `as` to confirm that the cast is in fact infallible. For fallible "
|
|
"casts, `TryFrom` and `TryInto` are available when you want to handle casts "
|
|
"that fit differently from those that don't."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid "Consider taking a break after this slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`as` is similar to a C++ static cast. Use of `as` in cases where data might "
|
|
"be lost is generally discouraged, or at least deserves an explanatory "
|
|
"comment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/casting.md
|
|
msgid "This is common in casting integers to `usize` for use as an index."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and "
|
|
"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), you can "
|
|
"abstract over `u8` sources:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Folosind [`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) și "
|
|
"[`BufRead`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html), puteți "
|
|
"face abstracție de sursele `u8`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "\"lines in slice: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "\"lines in file: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similarly, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) lets "
|
|
"you abstract over `u8` sinks:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În mod similar, [`Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) "
|
|
"vă permite să faceți abstracție de `u8` sink-uri:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "\"\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
msgid "\"World\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/read-and-write.md
|
|
msgid "\"Logged: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `Default` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "Trăsătura `Default` (implicit)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) trait "
|
|
"produces a default value for a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) "
|
|
"caracteristica produce o valoare implicită pentru un tip."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "\"John Smith\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "\"{default_struct:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "\"Y is set!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
msgid "\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"{:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Poate fi implementat direct sau poate fi derivat prin `#[derive(Default)]`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A derived implementation will produce a value where all fields are set to "
|
|
"their default values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O implementare derivată va produce o valoare în care toate câmpurile sunt "
|
|
"setate la valorile lor implicite."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceasta înseamnă că toate tipurile din structura trebuie să implementeze și "
|
|
"`Default`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. "
|
|
"`0`, `\"\"`, etc)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipurile standard Rust implementează adesea `Default` cu valori rezonabile "
|
|
"(de exemplu, `0`, `\"\"`, etc.)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The partial struct initialization works nicely with default."
|
|
msgstr "Copierea parțială a structurii funcționează bine în mod implicit."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and "
|
|
"provides convenience methods that use it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Biblioteca standard Rust este conștientă de faptul că tipurile pot "
|
|
"implementa `Default` și oferă metode de conveniență care îl utilizează."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/default.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `..` syntax is called [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-"
|
|
"with-struct-update-syntax)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"sintaxa `..` se numește [struct update syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"book/ch05-01-defining-structs.html#creating-instances-from-other-instances-"
|
|
"with-struct-update-syntax)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, "
|
|
"they implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn."
|
|
"html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and "
|
|
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Închiderile sau expresiile lambda au tipuri care nu pot fi numite. Cu toate "
|
|
"acestea, ele implementează trăsăturile speciale [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html), [`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/"
|
|
"trait.FnMut.html) și [`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait."
|
|
"FnOnce.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Calling function on {input}\""
|
|
msgstr "Apelarea funcțiilor nesigure"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"add_3: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"accumulate: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"multiply_sum: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `Fn` (e.g. `add_3`) neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or "
|
|
"perhaps captures nothing at all. It can be called multiple times "
|
|
"concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un `Fn` (de exemplu, `add_3`) nu consumă și nici nu modifică valorile "
|
|
"capturate, sau poate nu captează nimic. Acesta poate fi apelat de mai multe "
|
|
"ori simultan."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `FnMut` (e.g. `accumulate`) might mutate captured values. You can call it "
|
|
"multiple times, but not concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un `FnMut` (de exemplu, `accumulate`) poate modifica valorile capturate. Se "
|
|
"poate apela de mai multe ori, dar nu concomitent."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you have an `FnOnce` (e.g. `multiply_sum`), you may only call it once. It "
|
|
"might consume captured values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă aveți un `FnOnce` (de exemplu, `multiply_sum`), îl puteți apela doar o "
|
|
"singură dată. Acesta ar putea consuma valori capturate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. "
|
|
"I.e. you can use an `FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can "
|
|
"use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce` is called for."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`FnMut` este un subtip al `FnOnce`. `Fn` este un subtip al lui `FnMut` și "
|
|
"`FnOnce`. Adică, puteți utiliza un `FnMut` oriunde se solicită un `FnOnce` "
|
|
"și puteți utiliza un `Fn` oriunde se solicită un `FnMut` sau un `FnOnce`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you define a function that takes a closure, you should take `FnOnce` if "
|
|
"you can (i.e. you call it once), or `FnMut` else, and last `Fn`. This allows "
|
|
"the most flexibility for the caller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In contrast, when you have a closure, the most flexible you can have is `Fn` "
|
|
"(it can be passed everywhere), then `FnMut`, and lastly `FnOnce`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The compiler also infers `Copy` (e.g. for `add_3`) and `Clone` (e.g. "
|
|
"`multiply_sum`), depending on what the closure captures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Compilatorul deduce, de asemenea, `Copy` (de exemplu, pentru `add_3`) și "
|
|
"`Clone` (de exemplu, `multiply_sum`), în funcție de ceea ce captează "
|
|
"închiderea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By default, closures will capture by reference if they can. The `move` "
|
|
"keyword makes them capture by value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În mod implicit, închiderile vor captura prin referință dacă pot. Cuvântul "
|
|
"cheie `move` le face să captureze prin valoare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/closures.md
|
|
msgid "\"there\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, you will implement the classic [\"ROT13\" cipher](https://"
|
|
"en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13). Copy this code to the playground, and "
|
|
"implement the missing bits. Only rotate ASCII alphabetic characters, to "
|
|
"ensure the result is still valid UTF-8."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Implement the `Read` trait for `RotDecoder`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md src/std-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Gb trg gb gur bgure fvqr!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md src/std-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"To get to the other side!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What happens if you chain two `RotDecoder` instances together, each rotating "
|
|
"by 13 characters?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std-traits/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'A'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 3"
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit în ziua 3"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid "Today, we will cover:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Memory management, lifetimes, and the borrow checker: how Rust ensures "
|
|
"memory safety."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid "Smart pointers: standard library pointer types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-3.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid "[Memory Management](./memory-management.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid "[Smart Pointers](./smart-pointers.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 15 "
|
|
"minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid "[Review of Program Memory](./memory-management/review.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Approaches to Memory Management](./memory-management/approaches.md) (10 "
|
|
"minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid "[Ownership](./memory-management/ownership.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid "[Move Semantics](./memory-management/move.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid "[Clone](./memory-management/clone.md) (2 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid "[Copy Types](./memory-management/copy-types.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid "[Drop](./memory-management/drop.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Builder Type](./memory-management/exercise.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "Programs allocate memory in two ways:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables."
|
|
msgstr "Stack: Zona continuă de memorie pentru variabilele locale."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Values have fixed sizes known at compile time."
|
|
msgstr "Valorile au dimensiuni fixe cunoscute în momentul compilării."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer."
|
|
msgstr "Extrem de rapid: este suficient să mutați un pointer de stivă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Easy to manage: follows function calls."
|
|
msgstr "Ușor de gestionat: urmărește apelurile de funcții."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Great memory locality."
|
|
msgstr "Localitate de mare memorie."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls."
|
|
msgstr "Grămadă: Stocarea valorilor în afara apelurilor de funcții."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime."
|
|
msgstr "Valorile au dimensiuni dinamice determinate la momentul execuției."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed."
|
|
msgstr "Puțin mai lent decât stiva: este nevoie de o anumită contabilitate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "No guarantee of memory locality."
|
|
msgstr "Nu există nicio garanție a localității de memorie."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized metadata on the stack and dynamically "
|
|
"sized data, the actual string, on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crearea unui `String` plasează metadatele de dimensiuni fixe pe stivă și "
|
|
"datele de dimensiuni dinamice, șirul propriu-zis, pe heap:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and "
|
|
"length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Menționați că un `String` este susținut de un `Vec`, deci are o capacitate "
|
|
"și o lungime și poate crește dacă este mutabil prin realocare pe heap."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap "
|
|
"allocated using the [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/"
|
|
"struct.System.html) and custom allocators can be implemented using the "
|
|
"[Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă elevii vă întreabă despre acest lucru, puteți menționa că memoria de "
|
|
"bază este alocată în heap cu ajutorul [System Allocator](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html) și că alocatorii personalizați pot fi "
|
|
"implementați cu ajutorul [Allocator API](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/"
|
|
"index.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` Rust. However, you should "
|
|
"point out that this is rightfully unsafe!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Putem inspecta dispunerea memoriei cu `unsafe` Rust. Cu toate acestea, ar "
|
|
"trebui să precizați că acest lucru este, pe bună dreptate, nesigur!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
msgid "' '"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "\"world\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
|
|
" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead "
|
|
"to\n"
|
|
" // undefined behavior.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/review.md
|
|
msgid "\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
|
|
msgstr "În mod tradițional, limbile se împart în două mari categorii:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ..."
|
|
msgstr "Control total prin gestionarea manuală a memoriei: C, C++, Pascal, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid "Programmer decides when to allocate or free heap memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Programmer must determine whether a pointer still points to valid memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid "Studies show, programmers make mistakes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, "
|
|
"Haskell, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Siguranță totală prin gestionarea automată a memoriei în timpul execuției: "
|
|
"Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A runtime system ensures that memory is not freed until it can no longer be "
|
|
"referenced."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Typically implemented with reference counting, garbage collection, or RAII."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust oferă un nou amestec:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full control _and_ safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory "
|
|
"management."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Control total _și_ siguranță prin aplicarea în timp de compilare a "
|
|
"gestionării corecte a memoriei."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru se realizează cu ajutorul unui concept explicit de proprietate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide is intended to help students coming from other languages to put "
|
|
"Rust in context."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C must manage heap manually with `malloc` and `free`. Common errors include "
|
|
"forgetting to call `free`, calling it multiple times for the same pointer, "
|
|
"or dereferencing a pointer after the memory it points to has been freed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ has tools like smart pointers (`unique_ptr`, `shared_ptr`) that take "
|
|
"advantage of language guarantees about calling destructors to ensure memory "
|
|
"is freed when a function returns. It is still quite easy to mis-use these "
|
|
"tools and create similar bugs to C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Java, Go, and Python rely on the garbage collector to identify memory that "
|
|
"is no longer reachable and discard it. This guarantees that any pointer can "
|
|
"be dereferenced, eliminating use-after-free and other classes of bugs. But, "
|
|
"GC has a runtime cost and is difficult to tune properly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/approaches.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's ownership and borrowing model can, in many cases, get the performance "
|
|
"of C, with alloc and free operations precisely where they are required -- "
|
|
"zero cost. It also provides tools similar to C++'s smart pointers. When "
|
|
"required, other options such as reference counting are available, and there "
|
|
"are even third-party crates available to support runtime garbage collection "
|
|
"(not covered in this class)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error "
|
|
"to use a variable outside its scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Toate legăturile de variabile au un _scop_ în care sunt valabile și este o "
|
|
"eroare să folosești o variabilă în afara domeniului său de aplicare:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We say that the variable _owns_ the value. Every Rust value has precisely "
|
|
"one owner at all times."
|
|
msgstr "Spunem că variabila _deține_ valoarea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed. A "
|
|
"destructor can run here to free up resources."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La sfârșitul domeniului de aplicare, variabila este \"eliminată\", iar "
|
|
"datele sunt eliberate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/ownership.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students familiar with garbage-collection implementations will know that a "
|
|
"garbage collector starts with a set of \"roots\" to find all reachable "
|
|
"memory. Rust's \"single owner\" principle is a similar idea."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "An assignment will transfer _ownership_ between variables:"
|
|
msgstr "O atribuire va transfera _proprietatea_ între variabile:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello!\""
|
|
msgstr "Bună lume!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
msgid "\"s2: {s2}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "// println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership."
|
|
msgstr "Atribuirea lui `s1` la `s2` transferă proprietatea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it does not own anything."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Când `s1` iese din domeniul de aplicare, nu se întâmplă nimic: nu deține "
|
|
"nimic."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atunci când `s2` iese din domeniul de aplicare, datele șirului de caractere "
|
|
"sunt eliberate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Before move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "Înainte de mutarea în `s2`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "After move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "După mutarea în `s2`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
|
|
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": s2 : |\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stiva Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 \"(inaccesibil)\" : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+-+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacitate | 4 | : | : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
|
|
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": s2 : |\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+-+-+-+---''\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": | capacitate | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function "
|
|
"parameter. This transfers ownership:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atunci când transmiteți o valoare unei funcții, valoarea este atribuită "
|
|
"parametrului funcției. Acest lucru transferă proprietatea:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello {name}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Alice\""
|
|
msgstr "Felii"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "// say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by "
|
|
"value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Menționați că acest lucru este opusul valorilor implicite din C++, care "
|
|
"copiază prin valoare, cu excepția cazului în care folosiți `std::move` (și "
|
|
"constructorul move este definit!)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is only the ownership that moves. Whether any machine code is generated "
|
|
"to manipulate the data itself is a matter of optimization, and such copies "
|
|
"are aggressively optimized away."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Doar proprietatea este cea care se mișcă. Dacă este generat vreun cod mașină "
|
|
"pentru a manipula datele în sine este o chestiune de optimizare, iar astfel "
|
|
"de copii sunt optimizate în mod agresiv."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Simple values (such as integers) can be marked `Copy` (see later slides)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Valorile simple (cum ar fi numerele întregi) pot fi marcate cu `Copy` (a se "
|
|
"vedea slide-urile ulterioare)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
|
|
msgstr "În Rust, clonele sunt explicite (prin utilizarea lui `clone`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "In the `say_hello` example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. "
|
|
"Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Odată cu primul apel la `say_hello`, `main` renunță la proprietatea asupra "
|
|
"lui `name`. Ulterior, `name` nu mai poate fi utilizat în `main`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the "
|
|
"`say_hello` function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Memoria heap alocată pentru `name` va fi eliberată la sfârșitul funcției "
|
|
"`say_hello`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and "
|
|
"if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`main` poate păstra proprietatea dacă transmite `name` ca referință "
|
|
"(`&name`) și dacă `say_hello` acceptă o referință ca parametru."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name."
|
|
"clone()`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Alternativ, `main` poate transmite o clonă a lui `name` la primul apel "
|
|
"(`name.clone()`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move "
|
|
"semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust face mai dificilă decât C++ crearea de copii din greșeală, făcând ca "
|
|
"semantica de mutare să fie cea implicită și obligând programatorii să facă "
|
|
"clonele explicite."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Defensive Copies in Modern C++"
|
|
msgstr "Copii defensive în C++ modern"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:"
|
|
msgstr "C++ modern rezolvă acest lucru în mod diferit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "\"Cpp\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
msgid "// Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Datele din heap de la `s1` sunt duplicate, iar `s2` primește propria copie "
|
|
"independentă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atunci când `s1` și `s2` ies din domeniul de aplicare, fiecare își "
|
|
"eliberează propria memorie."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Before copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "Înainte de atribuirea de copii:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "After copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "După atribuirea de copii:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ has made a slightly different choice than Rust. Because `=` copies data, "
|
|
"the string data has to be cloned. Otherwise we would get a double-free when "
|
|
"either string goes out of scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"C++ a făcut o alegere ușor diferită față de Rust. Deoarece `=` copiază date, "
|
|
"datele șirului de caractere trebuie clonate. În caz contrar, am obține un "
|
|
"dublu liber atunci când oricare dintre șiruri iese din domeniu."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ also has [`std::move`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/move), "
|
|
"which is used to indicate when a value may be moved from. If the example had "
|
|
"been `s2 = std::move(s1)`, no heap allocation would take place. After the "
|
|
"move, `s1` would be in a valid but unspecified state. Unlike Rust, the "
|
|
"programmer is allowed to keep using `s1`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"C++ are, de asemenea, [`std::move`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/"
|
|
"utility/move), care este utilizat pentru a indica când o valoare poate fi "
|
|
"mutată. Dacă exemplul ar fi fost `s2 = std::move(s1)`, nu ar fi avut loc "
|
|
"nicio alocare de heap. După mutare, `s1` ar fi într-o stare validă, dar "
|
|
"nespecificată. Spre deosebire de Rust, programatorului i se permite să "
|
|
"continue să folosească `s1`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/move.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike Rust, `=` in C++ can run arbitrary code as determined by the type "
|
|
"which is being copied or moved."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Spre deosebire de Rust, `=` în C++ poate rula cod arbitrar în funcție de "
|
|
"tipul care este copiat sau mutat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid "Clone"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes you _want_ to make a copy of a value. The `Clone` trait "
|
|
"accomplishes this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The idea of `Clone` is to make it easy to spot where heap allocations are "
|
|
"occurring. Look for `.clone()` and a few others like `Vec::new` or `Box::"
|
|
"new`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/clone.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's common to \"clone your way out\" of problems with the borrow checker, "
|
|
"and return later to try to optimize those clones away."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În timp ce semantica de mutare este cea implicită, anumite tipuri sunt "
|
|
"copiate în mod implicit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait."
|
|
msgstr "Aceste tipuri implementează trăsătura `Copy`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți opta pentru ca propriile tipuri să utilizeze semantica de copiere:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data."
|
|
msgstr "După atribuire, atât `p1` cât și `p2` dețin propriile date."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data."
|
|
msgstr "De asemenea, putem folosi `p1.clone()` pentru a copia explicit datele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:"
|
|
msgstr "Copierea și clonarea nu sunt același lucru:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on "
|
|
"arbitrary objects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copierea se referă la copiile pe biți ale regiunilor de memorie și nu "
|
|
"funcționează pe obiecte arbitrare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copierea nu permite o logică personalizată (spre deosebire de constructorii "
|
|
"de copiere din C++)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by "
|
|
"implementing the `Clone` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Clonarea este o operațiune mai generală și permite, de asemenea, un "
|
|
"comportament personalizat prin implementarea trăsăturii `Clone`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copierea nu funcționează pe tipurile care implementează trăsătura `Drop`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In the above example, try the following:"
|
|
msgstr "În exemplul de mai sus, încercați următoarele:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` "
|
|
"is not a `Copy` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Adăugați un câmp `String` la `struct Point`. Nu se va compila deoarece "
|
|
"`String` nu este un tip `Copy`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the "
|
|
"`println!` for `p1`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Elimină `Copy` din atributul `derive`. Eroarea de compilare se află acum în "
|
|
"`println!` pentru `p1`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/copy-types.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead."
|
|
msgstr "Arătați că funcționează dacă clonați `p1` în locul lui."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `Drop` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "Trăsătura `Drop` (cădere)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Values which implement [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop."
|
|
"html) can specify code to run when they go out of scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Valorile care implementează [`Drop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait."
|
|
"Drop.html) pot specifica codul care trebuie executat atunci când ies din "
|
|
"domeniul de aplicare:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"Dropping {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"a\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "\"b\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"c\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"d\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"Exiting block B\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"Exiting block A\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
msgid "\"Exiting main\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Note that `std::mem::drop` is not the same as `std::ops::Drop::drop`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți că `std::mem::drop` nu este același lucru cu `std::ops::Drop::drop`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Values are automatically dropped when they go out of scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Valorile sunt eliminate automat atunci când ies din domeniul de aplicare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When a value is dropped, if it implements `std::ops::Drop` then its `Drop::"
|
|
"drop` implementation will be called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atunci când o valoare este eliminată, dacă implementează `std::ops::Drop`, "
|
|
"atunci va fi apelată implementarea `Drop::drop` a acesteia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All its fields will then be dropped too, whether or not it implements `Drop`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Toate câmpurile sale vor fi apoi eliminate, indiferent dacă implementează "
|
|
"sau nu `Drop`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::mem::drop` is just an empty function that takes any value. The "
|
|
"significance is that it takes ownership of the value, so at the end of its "
|
|
"scope it gets dropped. This makes it a convenient way to explicitly drop "
|
|
"values earlier than they would otherwise go out of scope."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std::mem::drop` este doar o funcție goală care acceptă orice valoare. "
|
|
"Semnificația este că preia proprietatea asupra valorii, astfel încât la "
|
|
"sfârșitul domeniului său de aplicare aceasta este eliminată. Acest lucru o "
|
|
"face o modalitate convenabilă de a renunța în mod explicit la valori mai "
|
|
"devreme decât ar fi ieșit altfel din domeniul de aplicare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This can be useful for objects that do some work on `drop`: releasing locks, "
|
|
"closing files, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru poate fi util pentru obiectele care efectuează anumite "
|
|
"activități la `drop`: eliberarea de blocaje, închiderea fișierelor etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?"
|
|
msgstr "De ce `Drop::drop` nu ia `self`?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of the "
|
|
"block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack overflow!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Răspuns scurt: Dacă ar fi făcut-o, `std::mem::drop` ar fi fost apelat la "
|
|
"sfârșitul blocului, rezultând un alt apel la `Drop::drop` și o depășire a "
|
|
"stivei!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/drop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`."
|
|
msgstr "Încercați să înlocuiți `drop(a)` cu `a.drop()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, we will implement a complex data type that owns all of its "
|
|
"data. We will use the \"builder pattern\" to support building a new value "
|
|
"piece-by-piece, using convenience functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Fill in the missing pieces."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A representation of a software package.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Return a representation of this package as a dependency, for use in\n"
|
|
" /// building other packages.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"1\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// A builder for a Package. Use `build()` to create the `Package` itself.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"2\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Set the package version.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Set the package authors.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"3\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Add an additional dependency.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"4\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Set the language. If not set, language defaults to None.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"5\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"base64\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"0.13\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"base64: {base64:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"log\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"0.4\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"log: {log:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"serde\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"djmitche\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"4.0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/exercise.md src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"serde: {serde:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"0.1\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md
|
|
msgid "[Box"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md
|
|
msgid "](./smart-pointers/box.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md
|
|
msgid "[Rc](./smart-pointers/rc.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Binary Tree](./smart-pointers/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) is an owned "
|
|
"pointer to data on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Box`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html) este un pointer "
|
|
"deținut către datele de pe heap:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid "\"five: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box<T>` implements `Deref<Target = T>`, which means that you can [call "
|
|
"methods from `T` directly on a `Box<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/"
|
|
"trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box<T>` implementează `Deref<Target = T>`, ceea ce înseamnă că puteți "
|
|
"[apela metode din `T` direct pe un `Box<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipurile de date recursive sau tipurile de date cu dimensiuni dinamice "
|
|
"trebuie să utilizeze un `Box`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid "/// A non-empty list: first element and the rest of the list.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid "/// An empty list.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid "\"{list:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": "
|
|
"list : : :\n"
|
|
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----"
|
|
"+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // "
|
|
"| // | :\n"
|
|
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ +------+----"
|
|
"+----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"- - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stiva Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": listă : : : :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--++--->| Nil | // | // // "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be "
|
|
"not null."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box` este ca și `std::unique_ptr` în C++, cu excepția faptului că este "
|
|
"garantat a nu fi nul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A `Box` can be useful when you:"
|
|
msgstr "Un `Box` poate fi util atunci când:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust "
|
|
"compiler wants to know an exact size."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"au un tip a cărui dimensiune nu poate fi cunoscută la compilare, dar "
|
|
"compilatorul Rust dorește să știe o dimensiune exactă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large "
|
|
"amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` "
|
|
"so only the pointer is moved."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"doriți să transferați proprietatea asupra unei cantități mari de date. "
|
|
"Pentru a evita copierea unor cantități mari de date pe stivă, stocați în "
|
|
"schimb datele pe heap într-un `Box`, astfel încât să fie mutat doar "
|
|
"pointerul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `Box` was not used and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the "
|
|
"`List`, the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory "
|
|
"(`List` would be of infinite size)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă nu se folosea `Box` și încercam să încorporăm o `List` direct în "
|
|
"`List`, compilatorul nu ar fi calculat o dimensiune fixă a structurii în "
|
|
"memorie (`List` ar fi avut o dimensiune infinită)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and "
|
|
"just points at the next element of the `List` in the heap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box` rezolvă această problemă, deoarece are aceeași dimensiune ca un "
|
|
"pointer obișnuit și indică doar următorul element din `List` în heap."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. "
|
|
"\"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or "
|
|
"reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Eliminați `Box` din definiția Listei și afișați eroarea de compilare. "
|
|
"\"Recursiv cu indirecție\" este un indiciu că poate doriți să folosiți un "
|
|
"Box sau o referință de un anumit tip, în loc să stocați direct o valoare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
msgid "Niche Optimization"
|
|
msgstr "Optimizari de nișă"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This "
|
|
"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un `Box` nu poate fi gol, astfel încât pointerul este întotdeauna valid și "
|
|
"non-`null`. Acest lucru permite compilatorului să optimizeze dispunerea "
|
|
"memoriei:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/box.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": list : : :\n"
|
|
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | Element | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Element | 2 | // | :\n"
|
|
": +---------+----+----+ : : +---------+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stiva Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": listă : : : :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--++--->| Nil | // | // // "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) is a reference-"
|
|
"counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer to the same data "
|
|
"from multiple places:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Rc`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) este un pointer "
|
|
"partajat cu numărătoare de referințe. Folosiți-l atunci când trebuie să "
|
|
"faceți referire la aceleași date din mai multe locuri:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid "\"a: {a}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
msgid "\"b: {b}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) and [`Mutex`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) if you are in a multi-threaded "
|
|
"context."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consultați [`Arc`](../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md) și [`Mutex`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) dacă vă aflați într-un context "
|
|
"cu mai multe fire."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can _downgrade_ a shared pointer into a [`Weak`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pointer to create cycles that will get dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți transforma un pointer partajat într-un pointer [`Weak`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html) pentru a crea cicluri care vor fi "
|
|
"abandonate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there "
|
|
"are references."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"numărătoarea lui `Rc` asigură că valoarea sa conținută este valabilă atâta "
|
|
"timp cât există referințe."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Rc` in Rust is like `std::shared_ptr` in C++."
|
|
msgstr "`Rc` în Rust este ca `std::shared_ptr` în C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and "
|
|
"increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally "
|
|
"be ignored when looking for performance issues in code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc::clone` este ieftin: creează un pointer la aceeași alocare și crește "
|
|
"numărul de referințe. Nu realizează o clonă profundă și poate fi în general "
|
|
"ignorată atunci când se caută probleme de performanță în cod."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") "
|
|
"and returns a mutable reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`make_mut` clonează de fapt valoarea interioară dacă este necesar (\"clone-"
|
|
"on-write\") și returnează o referință mutabilă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count."
|
|
msgstr "Utilizați `Rc::strong_count` pentru a verifica numărul de referințe."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/rc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc::downgrade` gives you a _weakly reference-counted_ object to create "
|
|
"cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with `RefCell`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc::downgrade` vă oferă un obiect cu un număr slab de referințe pentru a "
|
|
"crea cicluri care vor fi abandonate în mod corespunzător (probabil în "
|
|
"combinație cu `RefCell`, pe slide-ul următor)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A binary tree is a tree-type data structure where every node has two "
|
|
"children (left and right). We will create a tree where each node stores a "
|
|
"value. For a given node N, all nodes in a N's left subtree contain smaller "
|
|
"values, and all nodes in N's right subtree will contain larger values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Implement the following types, so that the given tests pass."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Extra Credit: implement an iterator over a binary tree that returns the "
|
|
"values in order."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A node in the binary tree.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A possibly-empty subtree.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// A container storing a set of values, using a binary tree.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// If the same value is added multiple times, it is only stored once.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Implement `new`, `insert`, `len`, and `has`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/exercise.md src/smart-pointers/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// not a unique item\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/smart-pointers/solution.md src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "\"bar\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Borrowing](./borrowing.md) (1 hour)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"împrumut:\n"
|
|
"A se vedea [Împrumut](ownership/borrowing.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Slices and Lifetimes](./slices-and-lifetimes.md) (1 hour and 10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours and 20 "
|
|
"minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing.md
|
|
msgid "[Borrowing a Value](./borrowing/shared.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing.md
|
|
msgid "[Borrow Checking](./borrowing/borrowck.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing.md
|
|
msgid "[Interior Mutability](./borrowing/interior-mutability.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Health Statistics](./borrowing/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As we saw before, instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, "
|
|
"you can let a function _borrow_ the value:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În loc să transferați proprietatea atunci când apelați o funcție, puteți "
|
|
"lăsa o funcție să _împrumute_ valoarea:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point."
|
|
msgstr "Funcția `add` adună două puncte și returnează un nou punct."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The caller retains ownership of the inputs."
|
|
msgstr "Apelantul păstrează dreptul de proprietate asupra intrărilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide is a review of the material on references from day 1, expanding "
|
|
"slightly to include function arguments and return values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Notes on stack returns:"
|
|
msgstr "Note privind returnările de stivă:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can "
|
|
"eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses "
|
|
"and run it on the [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=release&edition=2021&gist=0cb13be1c05d7e3446686ad9947c4671) "
|
|
"or look at the assembly in [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). In the "
|
|
"\"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay "
|
|
"the same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Demonstrați că întoarcerea din `add` este ieftină deoarece compilatorul "
|
|
"poate elimina operația de copiere. Modificați codul de mai sus pentru a "
|
|
"imprima adresele stivei și rulați-l pe [Playground](https://play.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/) sau examinați ansamblul în [Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/). În "
|
|
"nivelul de optimizare \"DEBUG\", adresele ar trebui să se schimbe, în timp "
|
|
"ce ele rămân aceleași atunci când treceți la setarea \"RELEASE\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO)."
|
|
msgstr "Compilatorul Rust poate face optimizarea valorii de returnare (RVO)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/shared.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because "
|
|
"constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If "
|
|
"RVO did not happen, Rust will always perform a simple and efficient `memcpy` "
|
|
"copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În C++, eliziunea de copiere trebuie definită în specificațiile limbajului, "
|
|
"deoarece constructorii pot avea efecte secundare. În Rust, acest lucru nu "
|
|
"reprezintă deloc o problemă. Dacă RVO nu a avut loc, Rust va efectua "
|
|
"întotdeauna o copie `memcpy` simplă și eficientă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's _borrow checker_ puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values. "
|
|
"For a given value, at any time:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust impune constrângeri asupra modalităților în care puteți împrumuta "
|
|
"valori:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can have one or more shared references to the value, _or_"
|
|
msgstr "Puteți avea una sau mai multe valori `&T` la un moment dat, _sau_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can have exactly one exclusive reference to the value."
|
|
msgstr "Puteți avea exact o singură valoare `&mut T`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that the requirement is that conflicting references not _exist_ at the "
|
|
"same point. It does not matter where the reference is dereferenced."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through "
|
|
"`c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Codul de mai sus nu se compilează pentru că `a` este împrumutat ca mutabil "
|
|
"(prin `c`) și ca imuabil (prin `b`) în același timp."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` "
|
|
"to make the code compile."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mutați instrucțiunea `println!` pentru `b` înainte de domeniul de aplicare "
|
|
"care introduce `c` pentru a face codul să fie compilat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before "
|
|
"the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow "
|
|
"checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"După această modificare, compilatorul își dă seama că `b` este folosit doar "
|
|
"înainte de noul împrumut mutabil de la `a` la `c`. Aceasta este o "
|
|
"caracteristică a verificatorului de împrumuturi numită \"durate de viață non-"
|
|
"lexicale\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The exclusive reference constraint is quite strong. Rust uses it to ensure "
|
|
"that data races do not occur. Rust also _relies_ on this constraint to "
|
|
"optimize code. For example, a value behind a shared reference can be safely "
|
|
"cached in a register for the lifetime of that reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/borrowck.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The borrow checker is designed to accommodate many common patterns, such as "
|
|
"taking exclusive references to different fields in a struct at the same "
|
|
"time. But, there are some situations where it doesn't quite \"get it\" and "
|
|
"this often results in \"fighting with the borrow checker.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In some situations, it's necessary to modify data behind a shared (read-"
|
|
"only) reference. For example, a shared data structure might have an internal "
|
|
"cache, and wish to update that cache from read-only methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"interior mutability\" pattern allows exclusive (mutable) access behind "
|
|
"a shared reference. The standard library provides several ways to do this, "
|
|
"all while still ensuring safety, typically by performing a runtime check."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`RefCell`"
|
|
msgstr "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid "\"graph: {root:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid "\"graph sum: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Cell`"
|
|
msgstr "`Celula<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Cell` wraps a value and allows getting or setting the value, even with a "
|
|
"shared reference to the `Cell`. However, it does not allow any references to "
|
|
"the value. Since there are no references, borrowing rules cannot be broken."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The main thing to take away from this slide is that Rust provides _safe_ "
|
|
"ways to modify data behind a shared reference. There are a variety of ways "
|
|
"to ensure that safety, and `RefCell` and `Cell` are two of them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`RefCell` enforces Rust's usual borrowing rules (either multiple shared "
|
|
"references or a single exclusive reference) with a runtime check. In this "
|
|
"case, all borrows are very short and never overlap, so the checks always "
|
|
"succeed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc` only allows shared (read-only) access to its contents, since its "
|
|
"purpose is to allow (and count) many references. But we want to modify the "
|
|
"value, so we need interior mutability."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Cell` is a simpler means to ensure safety: it has a `set` method that takes "
|
|
"`&self`. This needs no runtime check, but requires moving values, which can "
|
|
"have its own cost."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demonstrate that reference loops can be created by adding `root` to `subtree."
|
|
"children`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Demonstrați că buclele de referință pot fi create prin adăugarea lui `root` "
|
|
"la `subtree.children` (nu încercați să le imprimați!)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/interior-mutability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To demonstrate a runtime panic, add a `fn inc(&mut self)` that increments "
|
|
"`self.value` and calls the same method on its children. This will panic in "
|
|
"the presence of the reference loop, with `thread 'main' panicked at 'already "
|
|
"borrowed: BorrowMutError'`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru a demonstra o panică în timpul execuției, adăugați un `fn inc(&mut "
|
|
"self)` care mărește `self.value` și apelează aceeași metodă asupra copiilor "
|
|
"săi. Aceasta va intra în panică în prezența buclei de referință, cu `thread-"
|
|
"ul `main` panicat la `ready loaned: BorrowMutError'`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, "
|
|
"you need to keep track of users' health statistics."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Lucrați la implementarea unui sistem de monitorizare a sănătății. În cadrul "
|
|
"acestuia, trebuie să țineți evidența statisticilor de sănătate ale "
|
|
"utilizatorilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You'll start with a stubbed function in an `impl` block as well as a `User` "
|
|
"struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out method on the "
|
|
"`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Veți începe cu niște funcții stubbed într-un bloc `impl`, precum și cu o "
|
|
"definiție a structurii `User`. Scopul dumneavoastră este de a implementa "
|
|
"metodele stubbed out pe `struct` `User` definită în blocul `impl`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
|
|
"method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copiați codul de mai jos în <https://play.rust-lang.org/> și completați "
|
|
"metodele lipsă:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Update a user's statistics based on measurements from a visit to the "
|
|
"doctor\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md src/borrowing/solution.md
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
msgid "\"Bob\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/borrowing/exercise.md src/borrowing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"I'm {} and my age is {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "[Slices: &\\[T\\]](./slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "[String References](./slices-and-lifetimes/str.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Lifetime Annotations](./slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md) (10 "
|
|
"minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Lifetime Elision](./slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Struct Lifetimes](./slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Protobuf Parsing](./slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
msgid "Slices"
|
|
msgstr "Felii"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:"
|
|
msgstr "O felie vă oferă o imagine a unei colecții mai mari:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Slices borrow data from the sliced type."
|
|
msgstr "Felii împrumută date din tipul feliat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]` right before printing `s`?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Întrebare: Ce se întâmplă dacă modificați `a[3]` chiar înainte de a imprima "
|
|
"`s`?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending "
|
|
"indexes in brackets."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Creăm o felie prin împrumutarea lui `a` și specificarea indicilor de început "
|
|
"și de sfârșit între paranteze."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the "
|
|
"starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are "
|
|
"identical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă felia începe la indexul 0, sintaxa intervalului din Rust ne permite să "
|
|
"renunțăm la indexul de pornire, ceea ce înseamnă că `&a[0..a.len()]` și "
|
|
"`&a[..a.len()]` sunt identice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are "
|
|
"identical."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Același lucru este valabil și pentru ultimul indice, astfel încât `&a[2..a."
|
|
"len()]` și `&a[2..]` sunt identice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru a crea cu ușurință o porțiune din întregul tablou, putem folosi "
|
|
"`&a[...]`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` "
|
|
"(`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform "
|
|
"computation on slices of different sizes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`s` este o referință la o felie de `i32`s. Observați că tipul lui `s` "
|
|
"(`&[i32]`) nu mai menționează lungimea matricei. Acest lucru ne permite să "
|
|
"efectuăm calcule pe felii de dimensiuni diferite."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain "
|
|
"'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Feliile împrumută întotdeauna de la un alt obiect. În acest exemplu, `a` "
|
|
"trebuie să rămână \"în viață\" (în domeniul de aplicare) cel puțin atâta "
|
|
"timp cât slice-ul nostru."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/slices.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but "
|
|
"the answer is that for memory safety reasons you cannot do it through `a` at "
|
|
"this point in the execution, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` "
|
|
"safely. It works before you created the slice, and again after the "
|
|
"`println`, when the slice is no longer used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Întrebarea despre modificarea lui `a[3]` poate stârni o discuție "
|
|
"interesantă, dar răspunsul este că, din motive de siguranță a memoriei, nu "
|
|
"se poate face acest lucru prin `a` în acest moment al execuției, dar se pot "
|
|
"citi datele atât din `a`, cât și din `s` în siguranță. Funcționează înainte "
|
|
"de a crea slice-ul și din nou după `println`, când slice-ul nu mai este "
|
|
"utilizat. Mai multe detalii vor fi explicate în secțiunea de verificare a "
|
|
"împrumuturilor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can now understand the two string types in Rust: `&str` is almost like "
|
|
"`&[char]`, but with its data stored in a variable-length encoding (UTF-8)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
msgid "\"s1: {s1}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello \""
|
|
msgstr "Bună lume!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
msgid "\"s3: {s3}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust terminology:"
|
|
msgstr "Terminologia ruginii:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`&str` an immutable reference to a string slice."
|
|
msgstr "`&str` o referință imuabilă la o felie de șir de caractere."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`String` a mutable string buffer."
|
|
msgstr "`String` un buffer de șir de caractere mutabil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 "
|
|
"encoded string data stored in a block of memory. String literals "
|
|
"(`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&str` introduce o felie de șir de caractere, care este o referință imuabilă "
|
|
"la date de șir de caractere codificate UTF-8 stocate într-un bloc de "
|
|
"memorie. Șirurile literale (`\"Hello\"`), sunt stocate în binarul "
|
|
"programului."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a "
|
|
"`Vec<T>`, it is owned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipul `String` din Rust este un înveliș în jurul unui vector de octeți. La "
|
|
"fel ca și în cazul unui `Vec<T>`, acesta este deținut."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string "
|
|
"literal; `String::new()` creates a new empty string, to which string data "
|
|
"can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ca și în cazul multor alte tipuri, `String::from()` creează un șir de "
|
|
"caractere dintr-un literal de șir; `String::new()` creează un nou șir de "
|
|
"caractere gol, la care se pot adăuga date de șiruri de caractere folosind "
|
|
"metodele `push()` și `push_str()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from "
|
|
"dynamic values. It accepts the same format specification as `println!()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Macroul `format!()` este o modalitate convenabilă de a genera un șir de "
|
|
"caractere proprii din valori dinamice. Acceptă aceeași specificație de "
|
|
"format ca și `println!()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
|
|
"selection. If you select a byte range that is not aligned to character "
|
|
"boundaries, the expression will panic. The `chars` iterator iterates over "
|
|
"characters and is preferred over trying to get character boundaries right."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `std::string_view` from C++, but the "
|
|
"one that always points to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough "
|
|
"equivalent of `std::string` from C++ (main difference: it can only contain "
|
|
"UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru programatorii din C++: gândiți-vă la `&str` ca la `const char*` din C+"
|
|
"+, dar cel care indică întotdeauna un șir de caractere valid în memorie. "
|
|
"Rust `String` este un echivalent aproximativ al lui `std::string` din C++ "
|
|
"(principala diferență: poate conține numai octeți codificați UTF-8 și nu va "
|
|
"folosi niciodată o optimizare pentru șiruri mici)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/str.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Byte strings literals allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:"
|
|
msgstr "Șirurile de octeți vă permit să creați direct o valoare `&[u8]`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A reference has a _lifetime_, which must not \"outlive\" the value it refers "
|
|
"to. This is verified by the borrow checker."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The lifetime can be implicit - this is what we have seen so far. Lifetimes "
|
|
"can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`. Lifetimes start with "
|
|
"`'` and `'a` is a typical default name. Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed "
|
|
"`Point` which is valid for at least the lifetime `a`\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime "
|
|
"yourself. Explicit lifetime annotations create constraints where there is "
|
|
"ambiguity; the compiler verifies that there is a valid solution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Adnotările privind durata de viață creează constrângeri; compilatorul "
|
|
"verifică dacă există o soluție validă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes become more complicated when considering passing values to and "
|
|
"returning values from functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid "// What is the lifetime of p3?\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid "\"p3: {p3:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, the the compiler does not know what lifetime to infer for "
|
|
"`p3`. Looking inside the function body shows that it can only safely assume "
|
|
"that `p3`'s lifetime is the shorter of `p1` and `p2`. But just like types, "
|
|
"Rust requires explicit annotations of lifetimes on function arguments and "
|
|
"return values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid "Add `'a` appropriately to `left_most`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This says, \"given p1 and p2 which both outlive `'a`, the return value lives "
|
|
"for at least `'a`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-annotations.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In common cases, lifetimes can be elided, as described on the next slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls"
|
|
msgstr "Duratele de viață în apelurile de funcții"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified, "
|
|
"but Rust allows lifetimes to be elided in most cases with [a few simple "
|
|
"rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html). This is not "
|
|
"inference -- it is just a syntactic shorthand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Duratele de viață pentru argumentele funcțiilor și valorile de retur trebuie "
|
|
"să fie specificate în întregime, dar Rust permite ca duratele de viață să "
|
|
"fie eludate în majoritatea cazurilor cu [câteva reguli simple](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid "Each argument which does not have a lifetime annotation is given one."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If there is only one argument lifetime, it is given to all un-annotated "
|
|
"return values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If there are multiple argument lifetimes, but the first one is for `self`, "
|
|
"that lifetime is given to all un-annotated return values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid "In this example, `cab_distance` is trivially elided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `nearest` function provides another example of a function with multiple "
|
|
"references in its arguments that requires explicit annotation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid "Try adjusting the signature to \"lie\" about the lifetimes returned:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This won't compile, demonstrating that the annotations are checked for "
|
|
"validity by the compiler. Note that this is not the case for raw pointers "
|
|
"(unsafe), and this is a common source of errors with unsafe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/lifetime-elision.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may ask when to use lifetimes. Rust borrows _always_ have "
|
|
"lifetimes. Most of the time, elision and type inference mean these don't "
|
|
"need to be written out. In more complicated cases, lifetime annotations can "
|
|
"help resolve ambiguity. Often, especially when prototyping, it's easier to "
|
|
"just work with owned data by cloning values where necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures"
|
|
msgstr "Duratele de viață în structurile de date"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cazul în care un tip de date stochează date împrumutate, acesta trebuie "
|
|
"să fie adnotat cu o durată de viață:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "\"Bye {text}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "// erase(text);\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "\"{fox:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
msgid "\"{dog:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data "
|
|
"underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of "
|
|
"`Highlight` that uses that data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În exemplul de mai sus, adnotarea pentru `Highlight` impune ca datele care "
|
|
"stau la baza `&str` conținute să aibă o durată de viață cel puțin egală cu "
|
|
"cea a oricărei instanțe de `Highlight` care utilizează aceste date."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), "
|
|
"the borrow checker throws an error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă `text` este consumat înainte de sfârșitul duratei de viață a lui `fox` "
|
|
"(sau `dog`), verificatorul de împrumuturi aruncă o eroare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This "
|
|
"can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them "
|
|
"somewhat harder to use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipurile cu date împrumutate îi obligă pe utilizatori să păstreze datele "
|
|
"originale. Acest lucru poate fi util pentru a crea vizualizări ușoare, dar, "
|
|
"în general, le face ceva mai greu de utilizat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "When possible, make data structures own their data directly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atunci când este posibil, faceți ca structurile de date să dețină direct "
|
|
"datele lor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/struct-lifetimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime "
|
|
"annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime "
|
|
"relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime "
|
|
"of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unele structuri cu referințe multiple în interior pot avea mai multe "
|
|
"adnotări de durată de viață. Acest lucru poate fi necesar în cazul în care "
|
|
"este necesar să se descrie relațiile de durată de viață între referințe, pe "
|
|
"lângă durata de viață a structurii în sine. Acestea sunt cazuri de utilizare "
|
|
"foarte avansate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you will build a parser for the [protobuf binary encoding]"
|
|
"(https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/). Don't worry, it's "
|
|
"simpler than it seems! This illustrates a common parsing pattern, passing "
|
|
"slices of data. The underlying data itself is never copied."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fully parsing a protobuf message requires knowing the types of the fields, "
|
|
"indexed by their field numbers. That is typically provided in a `proto` "
|
|
"file. In this exercise, we'll encode that information into `match` "
|
|
"statements in functions that get called for each field."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We'll use the following proto:"
|
|
msgstr "Puteți utiliza următorul `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A proto message is encoded as a series of fields, one after the next. Each "
|
|
"is implemented as a \"tag\" followed by the value. The tag contains a field "
|
|
"number (e.g., `2` for the `id` field of a `Person` message) and a wire type "
|
|
"defining how the payload should be determined from the byte stream."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Integers, including the tag, are represented with a variable-length encoding "
|
|
"called VARINT. Luckily, `parse_varint` is defined for you below. The given "
|
|
"code also defines callbacks to handle `Person` and `PhoneNumber` fields, and "
|
|
"to parse a message into a series of calls to those callbacks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What remains for you is to implement the `parse_field` function and the "
|
|
"`ProtoMessage` trait for `Person` and `PhoneNumber`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid varint\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid wire-type\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected EOF\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid length\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected wire-type)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid string (not UTF-8)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A wire type as seen on the wire.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// The Varint WireType indicates the value is a single VARINT.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"//I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
" /// The Len WireType indicates that the value is a length represented as "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// VARINT followed by exactly that number of bytes.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// The I32 WireType indicates that the value is precisely 4 bytes in\n"
|
|
" /// little-endian order containing a 32-bit signed integer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A field's value, typed based on the wire type.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "//I64(i64), -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A field, containing the field number and its value.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "//1 => WireType::I64, -- not needed for this exercise\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Parse a VARINT, returning the parsed value and the remaining bytes.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// This is the last byte of the VARINT, so convert it to\n"
|
|
" // a u64 and return it.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// More than 7 bytes is invalid.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Convert a tag into a field number and a WireType.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Parse a field, returning the remaining bytes\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Based on the wire type, build a Field, consuming as many bytes as "
|
|
"necessary.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"Return the field, and any un-consumed bytes.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Parse a message in the given data, calling `T::add_field` for each field "
|
|
"in\n"
|
|
"/// the message.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// The entire input is consumed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Implement ProtoMessage for Person and PhoneNumber.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// Unwrap error because `value` is definitely 4 bytes long.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// skip everything else\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/slices-and-lifetimes/solution.md
|
|
msgid "b\"hello\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Day 4"
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit la Ziua 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today we will cover topics relating to building large-scale software in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Astăzi, vom aborda câteva subiecte mai avansate din Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "Iterators: a deep dive on the `Iterator` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "Modules and visibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Testing."
|
|
msgstr "Testare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`."
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea erorilor: panici, `Result` și operatorul try `?`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust: the escape hatch when you can't express yourself in safe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "[Welcome](./welcome-day-4.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "[Iterators](./iterators.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "[Modules](./modules.md) (40 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4.md
|
|
msgid "[Testing](./testing.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md
|
|
msgid "[Iterator](./iterators/iterator.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md
|
|
msgid "[IntoIterator](./iterators/intoiterator.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md
|
|
msgid "[FromIterator](./iterators/fromiterator.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Iterator Method Chaining](./iterators/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) "
|
|
"trait supports iterating over values in a collection. It requires a `next` "
|
|
"method and provides lots of methods. Many standard library types implement "
|
|
"`Iterator`, and you can implement it yourself, too:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
msgid "\"fib({i}): {n}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming "
|
|
"operations over collections (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is "
|
|
"the trait where you can find all the documentation about them. In Rust these "
|
|
"functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative "
|
|
"implementations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Caracteristica `Iterator` implementează multe operații comune de programare "
|
|
"funcțională asupra colecțiilor (de exemplu, `map`, `filter`, `reduce` etc.). "
|
|
"Aceasta este trăsătura în care puteți găsi toată documentația referitoare la "
|
|
"acestea. În Rust, aceste funcții ar trebui să producă cod la fel de eficient "
|
|
"ca și implementările imperative echivalente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/iterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by "
|
|
"collection types such as `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` "
|
|
"and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why you can iterate over a "
|
|
"vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`IntoIterator` este trăsătura care face ca buclele for să funcționeze. Este "
|
|
"implementată prin tipuri de colecții, cum ar fi `Vec<T>` și referințe la "
|
|
"acestea, cum ar fi `&Vec<T>` și `&[T]`. De asemenea, este "
|
|
"implementată și în cazul intervalelor. Acesta este motivul pentru care "
|
|
"puteți itera un vector cu `for i in some_vec { ... }`, dar `some_vec.next()` "
|
|
"nu există."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an "
|
|
"iterator. The related trait [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"iter/trait.IntoIterator.html) defines how to create an iterator for a type. "
|
|
"It is used automatically by the `for` loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Trăsătura `Iterator` vă spune cum să _iterați_ după ce ați creat un "
|
|
"iterator. Trăsătura conexă `IntoIterator` vă spune cum să creați iteratorul:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid "\"point = {x}, {y}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Click through to the docs for `IntoIterator`. Every implementation of "
|
|
"`IntoIterator` must declare two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sintaxa de aici înseamnă că fiecare implementare a lui `IntoIterator` "
|
|
"trebuie să declare două tipuri:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Item`: the type to iterate over, such as `i8`,"
|
|
msgstr "`Item`: tipul peste care iterăm, cum ar fi `i8`,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method."
|
|
msgstr "`IntoIter`: tipul `Iterator` returnat de metoda `into_iter`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same "
|
|
"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option<Item>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți că `IntoIter` și `Item` sunt legate: iteratorul trebuie să aibă "
|
|
"același tip `Item`, ceea ce înseamnă că returnează `Opțiune`<Item>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid "The example iterates over all combinations of x and y coordinates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try iterating over the grid twice in `main`. Why does this fail? Note that "
|
|
"`IntoIterator::into_iter` takes ownership of `self`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fix this issue by implementing `IntoIterator` for `&Grid` and storing a "
|
|
"reference to the `Grid` in `GridIter`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/intoiterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same problem can occur for standard library types: `for e in "
|
|
"some_vector` will take ownership of `some_vector` and iterate over owned "
|
|
"elements from that vector. Use `for e in &some_vector` instead, to iterate "
|
|
"over references to elements of `some_vector`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md
|
|
msgid "FromIterator"
|
|
msgstr "FromIterator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) "
|
|
"lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
"std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`FromIterator`]](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator."
|
|
"html) vă permite să construiți o colecție dintr-un [`Iterator`](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md
|
|
msgid "\"prime_squares: {prime_squares:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Iterator` implements"
|
|
msgstr "`Iterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md
|
|
msgid "There are two ways to specify `B` for this method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With the \"turbofish\": `some_iterator.collect::<COLLECTION_TYPE>()`, as "
|
|
"shown. The `_` shorthand used here lets Rust infer the type of the `Vec` "
|
|
"elements."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With type inference: `let prime_squares: Vec<_> = some_iterator.collect()`. "
|
|
"Rewrite the example to use this form."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/fromiterator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are basic implementations of `FromIterator` for `Vec`, `HashMap`, etc. "
|
|
"There are also more specialized implementations which let you do cool things "
|
|
"like convert an `Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` into a `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Există, de asemenea, implementări care vă permit să faceți lucruri "
|
|
"interesante, cum ar fi convertirea unui `Iterator<Item = Rezultat<V, "
|
|
"E>>` într-un `Resultat<Vec<V>, E>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you will need to find and use some of the provided methods "
|
|
"in the [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) "
|
|
"trait to implement a complex calculation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți implementa trăsătura [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/"
|
|
"trait.Iterator.html) pe propriile tipuri:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and make the tests "
|
|
"pass. Use an iterator expression and `collect` the result to construct the "
|
|
"return value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copiați următorul cod în <https://play.rust-lang.org/> și faceți ca testele "
|
|
"să treacă. Încercați să evitați să alocați un `Vec` pentru rezultatele "
|
|
"intermediare:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/iterators/exercise.md src/iterators/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Calculate the differences between elements of `values` offset by "
|
|
"`offset`,\n"
|
|
"/// wrapping around from the end of `values` to the beginning.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// Element `n` of the result is `values[(n+offset)%len] - values[n]`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md
|
|
msgid "[Modules](./modules/modules.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md
|
|
msgid "[Filesystem Hierarchy](./modules/filesystem.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md
|
|
msgid "[Visibility](./modules/visibility.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md
|
|
msgid "[use, super, self](./modules/paths.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Modules for a GUI Library](./modules/exercise.md) (15 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md
|
|
msgid "This segment should take about 40 minutes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Am văzut cum blocurile `impl` ne permit să atribuim funcții de namespace la "
|
|
"un tip."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În mod similar, `mod` ne permite să folosim tipuri și funcții de spațiu de "
|
|
"nume:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
msgid "\"In the foo module\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
msgid "\"In the bar module\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that "
|
|
"describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pachetele oferă funcționalitate și includ un fișier `Cargo.toml` care "
|
|
"descrie cum se construiește un pachet de 1+ crates."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and "
|
|
"a library crate compiles to a library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crates reprezintă un arbore de module, în care un crate binar creează un "
|
|
"executabil, iar un crate de bibliotecă compilează o bibliotecă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/modules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Modulele definesc organizarea, domeniul de aplicare și reprezintă punctul "
|
|
"central al acestei secțiuni."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Omitting the module content will tell Rust to look for it in another file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Omiterea conținutului modulului îi va spune lui Rust să îl caute într-un alt "
|
|
"fișier:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This tells rust that the `garden` module content is found at `src/garden."
|
|
"rs`. Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at `src/garden/"
|
|
"vegetables.rs`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru îi spune lui Rust că conținutul modulului `garden` se găsește la "
|
|
"`src/garden.rs`. În mod similar, un modul `garden::vegetables` se găsește la "
|
|
"`src/garden/vegetables.rs`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `crate` root is in:"
|
|
msgstr "Rădăcina `crate` este în:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)"
|
|
msgstr "`src/lib.rs` (pentru o bibliotecă)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)"
|
|
msgstr "`src/main.rs` (pentru un crate binar)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc "
|
|
"comments\". These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a "
|
|
"module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Modulele definite în fișiere pot fi, de asemenea, documentate, folosind "
|
|
"\"inner doc comments\". Acestea documentează elementul care le conține - în "
|
|
"acest caz, un modul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant "
|
|
"germination\n"
|
|
"//! implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "// Re-export types from this module.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Before Rust 2018, modules needed to be located at `module/mod.rs` instead of "
|
|
"`module.rs`, and this is still a working alternative for editions after 2018."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Înainte de Rust 2018, modulele trebuiau să fie localizate la `module/mod.rs` "
|
|
"în loc de `module.rs`, iar aceasta este încă o alternativă funcțională "
|
|
"pentru edițiile după 2018."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The main reason to introduce `filename.rs` as alternative to `filename/mod."
|
|
"rs` was because many files named `mod.rs` can be hard to distinguish in IDEs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Motivul principal pentru care s-a introdus `filename.rs` ca alternativă la "
|
|
"`filename/mod.rs` a fost acela că multe fișiere numite `mod.rs` pot fi greu "
|
|
"de distins în IDE-uri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Deeper nesting can use folders, even if the main module is a file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cazul în care este vorba de o înglobare mai profundă, se pot utiliza "
|
|
"dosare, chiar dacă modulul principal este un fișier:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The place rust will look for modules can be changed with a compiler "
|
|
"directive:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Locul în care rust va căuta modulele poate fi schimbat cu o directivă de "
|
|
"compilare:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
msgid "\"some/path.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module "
|
|
"in a file named `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru este util, de exemplu, dacă doriți să plasați testele pentru un "
|
|
"modul într-un fișier numit `some_module_test.rs`, similar convenției din Go."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:"
|
|
msgstr "Modulele reprezintă o limită de confidențialitate:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Module items are private by default (hides implementation details)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Elementele modulului sunt private în mod implicit (ascunde detaliile de "
|
|
"implementare)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Parent and sibling items are always visible."
|
|
msgstr "Elementele părinților și ale fraților sunt întotdeauna vizibile."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all "
|
|
"the descendants of `foo`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cu alte cuvinte, dacă un element este vizibil în modulul `foo`, el este "
|
|
"vizibil în toți descendenții lui `foo`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "\"outer::private\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "\"outer::public\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "\"outer::inner::private\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
msgid "\"outer::inner::public\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public."
|
|
msgstr "Utilizați cuvântul cheie `pub` pentru a face modulele publice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope "
|
|
"of public visibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În plus, există specificatori avansați `pub(...)` pentru a restricționa "
|
|
"domeniul de aplicare al vizibilității publice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-"
|
|
"privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A se vedea [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-"
|
|
"and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern."
|
|
msgstr "Configurarea vizibilității `pub(crate)` este un model comun."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path."
|
|
msgstr "Mai rar, puteți oferi vizibilitate unei anumite căi de acces."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of "
|
|
"its descendants)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În orice caz, vizibilitatea trebuie să fie acordată unui modul strămoș (și "
|
|
"tuturor descendenților săi)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid "use, super, self"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`. You "
|
|
"will typically see something like this at the top of each module:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un modul poate aduce simboluri dintr-un alt modul în domeniul de aplicare cu "
|
|
"`use`. De obicei, veți vedea ceva de genul acesta în partea de sus a "
|
|
"fiecărui modul:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid "Paths"
|
|
msgstr "Trasee"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "Căile de acces se rezolvă după cum urmează:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "As a relative path:"
|
|
msgstr "Ca o cale relativă:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,"
|
|
msgstr "`foo` sau `self::foo` se referă la `foo` din modulul curent,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module."
|
|
msgstr "`super::foo` se referă la `foo` din modulul părinte."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "As an absolute path:"
|
|
msgstr "Ca o cale absolută:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,"
|
|
msgstr "`crate::foo` se referă la `foo` din rădăcina cratei curente,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate."
|
|
msgstr "`bar::foo` se referă la `foo` din cadrul `bar` crate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is common to \"re-export\" symbols at a shorter path. For example, the "
|
|
"top-level `lib.rs` in a crate might have"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"making `DiskStorage` and `NetworkStorage` available to other crates with a "
|
|
"convenient, short path."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the most part, only items that appear in a module need to be `use`'d. "
|
|
"However, a trait must be in scope to call any methods on that trait, even if "
|
|
"a type implementing that trait is already in scope. For example, to use the "
|
|
"`read_to_string` method on a type implementing the `Read` trait, you need to "
|
|
"`use std::io::Read`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `use` statement can have a wildcard: `use std::io::*`. This is "
|
|
"discouraged because it is not clear which items are imported, and those "
|
|
"might change over time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you will reorganize a small GUI Library implementation. "
|
|
"This library defines a `Widget` trait and a few implementations of that "
|
|
"trait, as well as a `main` function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is typical to put each type or set of closely-related types into its own "
|
|
"module, so each widget type should get its own module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Cargo Setup"
|
|
msgstr "Setare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust playground only supports one file, so you will need to make a Cargo "
|
|
"project on your local filesystem:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Edit the resulting `src/main.rs` to add `mod` statements, and add additional "
|
|
"files in the `src` directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Source"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Here's the single-module implementation of the GUI library:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"{buffer}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// TODO: Change draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" // ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"| {:^inner_width$} |\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"+={:=<inner_width$}=+\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"| {:inner_width$} |\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// add a bit of padding\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"+{:-<width$}+\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"|{:^width$}|\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"This is a small text GUI demo.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Click me!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Encourage students to divide the code in a way that feels natural for them, "
|
|
"and get accustomed to the required `mod`, `use`, and `pub` declarations. "
|
|
"Afterward, discuss what organizations are most idiomatic."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/label.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/button.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/widgets/window.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
|
|
" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
|
|
" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
|
|
" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// ---- src/main.rs ----\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md
|
|
msgid "[Test Modules](./testing/unit-tests.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md
|
|
msgid "[Other Types of Tests](./testing/other.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md
|
|
msgid "[Useful Crates](./testing/useful-crates.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md
|
|
msgid "[GoogleTest](./testing/googletest.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md
|
|
msgid "[Mocking](./testing/mocking.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md
|
|
msgid "[Compiler Lints and Clippy](./testing/lints.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: Luhn Algorithm](./testing/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
msgid "Unit Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Teste unitare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust și Cargo vin cu un cadru simplu de testare a unităților:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unit tests are supported throughout your code."
|
|
msgstr "Testele unitare sunt acceptate în tot codul dumneavoastră."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Testele de integrare sunt suportate prin intermediul directorului `tests/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Tests are marked with `#[test]`. Unit tests are often put in a nested "
|
|
"`tests` module, using `#[cfg(test)]` to conditionally compile them only when "
|
|
"building tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello World\""
|
|
msgstr "Bună lume!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This lets you unit test private helpers."
|
|
msgstr "Acest lucru vă permite să testați unitar ajutoarele private."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atributul `#[cfg(test)]` este activ numai atunci când executați `cargo test`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md
|
|
msgid "Run the tests in the playground in order to show their results."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
msgid "Integration Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Teste de integrare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă doriți să vă testați biblioteca ca și client, utilizați un test de "
|
|
"integrare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:"
|
|
msgstr "Creați un fișier `.rs` în `tests/`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
msgid "// tests/my_library.rs\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate."
|
|
msgstr "Aceste teste au acces numai la API-ul public al seriei dumneavoastră."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
msgid "Documentation Tests"
|
|
msgstr "Teste de documentare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust are un suport încorporat pentru testele de documentare:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"/// # use playground::shorten_string;\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"/// Scurtează un șir de caractere la lungimea dată.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"/// # folosește playground::shorten_string;\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Blocurile de cod din comentariile `///` sunt considerate automat ca fiind "
|
|
"cod Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`."
|
|
msgstr "Codul va fi compilat și executat ca parte din `cargo test`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Adding `#` in the code will hide it from the docs, but will still compile/"
|
|
"run it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Adăugarea lui `# ` în cod îl va ascunde din documentație, dar îl va compila/"
|
|
"executa în continuare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/other.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Testați codul de mai sus pe [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?"
|
|
"version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests."
|
|
msgstr "Rust vine doar cu un suport de bază pentru scrierea de teste."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Iată câteva crates suplimentare pe care le recomandăm pentru scrierea de "
|
|
"teste:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion "
|
|
"library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Bibliotecă cuprinzătoare de "
|
|
"testare a afirmațiilor de testare în tradiția GoogleTest pentru C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Testarea bazată pe proprietăți pentru "
|
|
"Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised "
|
|
"tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Suport pentru testele de tip fixtures și "
|
|
"teste parametrizate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [GoogleTest](https://docs.rs/googletest/) crate allows for flexible test "
|
|
"assertions using _matchers_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Bibliotecă cuprinzătoare de "
|
|
"testare a afirmațiilor de testare în tradiția GoogleTest pentru C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "\"baz\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "\"xyz\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If we change the last element to `\"!\"`, the test fails with a structured "
|
|
"error message pin-pointing the error:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"GoogleTest is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this "
|
|
"example in a local environment. Use `cargo add googletest` to quickly add it "
|
|
"to an existing Cargo project."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `use googletest::prelude::*;` line imports a number of [commonly used "
|
|
"macros and types](https://docs.rs/googletest/latest/googletest/prelude/index."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "This just scratches the surface, there are many builtin matchers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A particularly nice feature is that mismatches in multi-line strings strings "
|
|
"are shown as a diff:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Rust's strong typing guides the way,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Secure code you'll write.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Memory safety found,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Rust's silly humor guides the way,\\n\\\n"
|
|
" Secure code you'll write.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "shows a color-coded diff (colors not shown here):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The crate is a Rust port of [GoogleTest for C++](https://google.github.io/"
|
|
"googletest/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/googletest.md
|
|
msgid "GoogleTest is available for use in AOSP."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For mocking, [Mockall](https://docs.rs/mockall/) is a widely used library. "
|
|
"You need to refactor your code to use traits, which you can then quickly "
|
|
"mock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The advice here is for Android (AOSP) where Mockall is the recommended "
|
|
"mocking library. There are other [mocking libraries available on crates.io]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/keywords/mock), in particular in the area of mocking HTTP "
|
|
"services. The other mocking libraries work in a similar fashion as Mockall, "
|
|
"meaning that they make it easy to get a mock implementation of a given trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that mocking is somewhat _controversial_: mocks allow you to completely "
|
|
"isolate a test from its dependencies. The immediate result is faster and "
|
|
"more stable test execution. On the other hand, the mocks can be configured "
|
|
"wrongly and return output different from what the real dependencies would do."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If at all possible, it is recommended that you use the real dependencies. As "
|
|
"an example, many databases allow you to configure an in-memory backend. This "
|
|
"means that you get the correct behavior in your tests, plus they are fast "
|
|
"and will automatically clean up after themselves."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similarly, many web frameworks allow you to start an in-process server which "
|
|
"binds to a random port on `localhost`. Always prefer this over mocking away "
|
|
"the framework since it helps you test your code in the real environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mockall is not part of the Rust Playground, so you need to run this example "
|
|
"in a local environment. Use `cargo add mockall` to quickly add Mockall to an "
|
|
"existing Cargo project."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mockall has a lot more functionality. In particular, you can set up "
|
|
"expectations which depend on the arguments passed. Here we use this to mock "
|
|
"a cat which becomes hungry 3 hours after the last time it was fed:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/mocking.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use `.times(n)` to limit the number of times a mock method can be "
|
|
"called to `n` --- the mock will automatically panic when dropped if this "
|
|
"isn't satisfied."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust compiler produces fantastic error messages, as well as helpful "
|
|
"built-in lints. [Clippy](https://doc.rust-lang.org/clippy/) provides even "
|
|
"more lints, organized into groups that can be enabled per-project."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid "\"X probably fits in a u16, right? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the code sample and examine the error message. There are also lints "
|
|
"visible here, but those will not be shown once the code compiles. Switch to "
|
|
"the Playground site to show those lints."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After resolving the lints, run `clippy` on the playground site to show "
|
|
"clippy warnings. Clippy has extensive documentation of its lints, and adds "
|
|
"new lints (including default-deny lints) all the time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/lints.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that errors or warnings with `help: ...` can be fixed with `cargo fix` "
|
|
"or via your editor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Luhn Algorithm"
|
|
msgstr "Algoritmul Luhn"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used "
|
|
"to validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and "
|
|
"does the following to validate the credit card number:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Algoritmul Luhn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) este "
|
|
"utilizat pentru a valida numerele de carduri de credit. Algoritmul primește "
|
|
"un șir de caractere ca intrare și face următoarele pentru a valida numărul "
|
|
"cardului de credit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits."
|
|
msgstr "Ignorați toate spațiile. Respinge numărul cu mai puțin de două cifre."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Moving from **right to left**, double every second digit: for the number "
|
|
"`1234`, we double `3` and `1`. For the number `98765`, we double `6` and `8`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mergând de la **dreapta la stânga**, dublăm fiecare a doua cifră: pentru "
|
|
"numărul `1234`, dublăm `3` și `1`. Pentru numărul `98765`, dublăm `6` și `8`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After doubling a digit, sum the digits if the result is greater than 9. So "
|
|
"doubling `7` becomes `14` which becomes `1 + 4 = 5`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"După ce ați dublat o cifră, adunați cifrele dacă rezultatul este mai mare de "
|
|
"9. Astfel, dublând `7` devine `14` care devine `1 + 4 = 5`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits."
|
|
msgstr "Adunați toate cifrele nedublate și dublate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
|
|
msgstr "Numărul cardului de credit este valabil dacă suma se termină cu `0`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The provided code provides a buggy implementation of the luhn algorithm, "
|
|
"along with two basic unit tests that confirm that most the algorithm is "
|
|
"implemented correctly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and write additional "
|
|
"tests to uncover bugs in the provided implementation, fixing any bugs you "
|
|
"find."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copiați codul de mai jos în <https://play.rust-lang.org/> și completați "
|
|
"funcțiile și metodele care lipsesc:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"4263 9826 4026 9299\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6467\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"7992 7398 713\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"4223 9826 4026 9299\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"4539 3195 0343 6476\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/exercise.md src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"8273 1232 7352 0569\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// This is the buggy version that appears in the problem.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// This is the solution and passes all of the tests below.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"1234 5678 1234 5670\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"yes\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"no\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"foo 0 0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\" \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\" \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\" \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\" 0 0 \""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "[Error Handling](./error-handling.md) (45 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "[Unsafe Rust](./unsafe-rust.md) (1 hour and 5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-4-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "Including 10 minute breaks, this session should take about 2 hours"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "[Panics](./error-handling/panics.md) (3 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "[Try Operator](./error-handling/try.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "[Try Conversions](./error-handling/try-conversions.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "[Error Trait](./error-handling/error.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[thiserror and anyhow](./error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Exercise: Rewriting with Result](./error-handling/exercise.md) (20 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "Rust handles fatal errors with a \"panic\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust va declanșa o panică în cazul în care se produce o eroare fatală în "
|
|
"timpul execuției:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "\"v[100]: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors."
|
|
msgstr "Panica este pentru erori irecuperabile și neașteptate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program."
|
|
msgstr "Panicile sunt simptome ale unor erori în program."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "Runtime failures like failed bounds checks can panic"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "Assertions (such as `assert!`) panic on failure"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "Purpose-specific panics can use the `panic!` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A panic will \"unwind\" the stack, dropping values just as if the functions "
|
|
"had returned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Folosiți API-uri care nu se blochează (cum ar fi `Vec::get`) dacă nu este "
|
|
"acceptabilă blocarea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be "
|
|
"caught:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În mod implicit, o panică va determina derularea stivei. Desfășurarea poate "
|
|
"fi prinsă:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "\"No problem here!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "\"{result:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid "\"oh no!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Catching is unusual; do not attempt to implement exceptions with "
|
|
"`catch_unwind`!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single "
|
|
"request crashes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru poate fi util în cazul serverelor care trebuie să continue să "
|
|
"funcționeze chiar dacă o singură cerere se blochează."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru nu funcționează dacă `panic = 'abort'` este setat în `Cargo."
|
|
"toml`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Runtime errors like connection-refused or file-not-found are handled with "
|
|
"the `Result` type, but matching this type on every call can be cumbersome. "
|
|
"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
|
|
"turn the common"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "into the much simpler"
|
|
msgstr "în mult mai simplu"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handling code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Putem folosi acest lucru pentru a simplifica codul de tratare a erorilor:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"config.dat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid "\"username or error: {username:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
msgid "Simplify the `read_username` function to use `?`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`."
|
|
msgstr "Variabila `username` poate fi fie `Ok(string)`, fie `Err(error)`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty "
|
|
"file, file with username."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați apelul `fs::write` pentru a testa diferite scenarii: niciun "
|
|
"fișier, fișier gol, fișier cu nume de utilizator."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `main` can return a `Result<(), E>` as long as it implements `std::"
|
|
"process:Termination`. In practice, this means that `E` implements `Debug`. "
|
|
"The executable will print the `Err` variant and return a nonzero exit status "
|
|
"on error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously "
|
|
"indicated:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Extinderea efectivă a lui `?` este puțin mai complicată decât s-a arătat "
|
|
"anterior:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "works the same as"
|
|
msgstr "funcționează la fel ca"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the "
|
|
"type returned by the function. This makes it easy to encapsulate errors into "
|
|
"higher-level errors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Apelul `From::from` de aici înseamnă că încercăm să convertim tipul de "
|
|
"eroare în tipul returnat de funcție."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid "\"IO error: {e}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Found no username in {path}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "//fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `?` operator must return a value compatible with the return type of the "
|
|
"function. For `Result`, it means that the error types have to be compatible. "
|
|
"A function that returns `Result<T, ErrorOuter>` can only use `?` on a value "
|
|
"of type `Result<U, ErrorInner>` if `ErrorOuter` and `ErrorInner` are the "
|
|
"same type or if `ErrorOuter` implements `From<ErrorInner>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A common alternative to a `From` implementation is `Result::map_err`, "
|
|
"especially when the conversion only happens in one place."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is no compatibility requirement for `Option`. A function returning "
|
|
"`Option<T>` can use the `?` operator on `Option<U>` for arbitrary `T` and "
|
|
"`U` types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-conversions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A function that returns `Result` cannot use `?` on `Option` and vice versa. "
|
|
"However, `Option::ok_or` converts `Option` to `Result` whereas `Result::ok` "
|
|
"turns `Result` into `Option`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid "Dynamic Error Types"
|
|
msgstr "Tipuri de erori dinamice"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing "
|
|
"our own enum covering all the different possibilities. The `std::error::"
|
|
"Error` trait makes it easy to create a trait object that can contain any "
|
|
"error."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Uneori dorim să permitem returnarea oricărui tip de eroare fără a scrie "
|
|
"propriul nostru enum care să acopere toate posibilitățile diferite. `std::"
|
|
"error::Error` facilitează acest lucru."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid "\"count.dat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid "\"1i3\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid "\"Count: {count}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid "\"Error: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `read_count` function can return `std::io::Error` (from file operations) "
|
|
"or `std::num::ParseIntError` (from `String::parse`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Boxing errors saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle "
|
|
"different error cases differently in the program. As such it's generally not "
|
|
"a good idea to use `Box<dyn Error>` in the public API of a library, but it "
|
|
"can be a good option in a program where you just want to display the error "
|
|
"message somewhere."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru economisește cod, dar renunță la capacitatea de a trata în mod "
|
|
"curat diferite cazuri de eroare în mod diferit în program. Ca atare, în "
|
|
"general nu este o idee bună să folosiți `Box<dyn Error>` în API-ul public al "
|
|
"unei biblioteci, dar poate fi o opțiune bună într-un program în care doriți "
|
|
"doar să afișați mesajul de eroare undeva."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure to implement the `std::error::Error` trait when defining a custom "
|
|
"error type so it can be boxed. But if you need to support the `no_std` "
|
|
"attribute, keep in mind that the `std::error::Error` trait is currently "
|
|
"compatible with `no_std` in [nightly](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/"
|
|
"issues/103765) only."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) and [`anyhow`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"anyhow/) crates are widely used to simplify error handling."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crăiasa [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) este o modalitate populară "
|
|
"de a crea o enumerație a erorilor, așa cum am făcut pe pagina anterioară:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`thiserror` is often used in libraries to create custom error types that "
|
|
"implement `From<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`anyhow` is often used by applications to help with error handling in "
|
|
"functions, including adding contextual information to your errors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"Found no username in {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to open {path}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to read\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"Username: {username}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "\"Error: {err:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`thiserror`"
|
|
msgstr "`Error`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Error` derive macro is provided by `thiserror`, and has lots of useful "
|
|
"attributes to help define error types in a compact way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "The `std::error::Error` trait is derived automatically."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "The message from `#[error]` is used to derive the `Display` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid "`anyhow`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box<dyn Error>`. As such "
|
|
"it's again generally not a good choice for the public API of a library, but "
|
|
"is widely used in applications."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Error` este în esență un înveliș în jurul lui `Box<dyn Error>`. Ca "
|
|
"atare, în general, nu este o alegere bună pentru API-ul public al unei "
|
|
"biblioteci, dar este utilizat pe scară largă în aplicații."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`anyhow::Result<V>` is a type alias for `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Result<V>` este un alias de tip pentru `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipul real de eroare din interiorul acestuia poate fi extras pentru "
|
|
"examinare, dacă este necesar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result<T>` may be familiar to Go "
|
|
"developers, as it provides similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, "
|
|
"error)` from Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Funcționalitatea oferită de `anyhow::Result<T>` poate fi cunoscută "
|
|
"dezvoltatorilor Go, deoarece oferă modele de utilizare și ergonomie similare "
|
|
"cu `(T, error)` din Go."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/thiserror-and-anyhow.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`anyhow::Context` is a trait implemented for the standard `Result` and "
|
|
"`Option` types. `use anyhow::Context` is necessary to enable `.context()` "
|
|
"and `.with_context()` on those types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Rewriting with Result"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following implements a very simple parser for an expression language. "
|
|
"However, it handles errors by panicking. Rewrite it to instead use idiomatic "
|
|
"error handling and propagate errors to a return from `main`. Feel free to "
|
|
"use `thiserror` and `anyhow`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"HINT: start by fixing error handling in the `parse` function. Once that is "
|
|
"working correctly, update `Tokenizer` to implement "
|
|
"`Iterator<Item=Result<Token, TokenizerError>>` and handle that in the parser."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// An arithmetic operator.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A token in the expression language.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// An expression in the expression language.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A reference to a variable.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A literal number.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "/// A binary operation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'z'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'_'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'+'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "'-'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected character {c}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected end of input\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid 32-bit integer'\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected token {tok:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// Look ahead to parse a binary operation if present.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"10+foo+20-30\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/exercise.md src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"{expr:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected character '{0}' in input\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Tokenizer error: {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Unexpected token {0:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid number\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
msgid "[Unsafe](./unsafe-rust/unsafe.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Dereferencing Raw Pointers](./unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md) (10 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
msgid "[Mutable Static Variables](./unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
msgid "[Unions](./unsafe-rust/unions.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
msgid "[Unsafe Functions](./unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
msgid "[Unsafe Traits](./unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md) (5 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust.md
|
|
msgid "[Exercise: FFI Wrapper](./unsafe-rust/exercise.md) (30 minutes)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Rust language has two parts:"
|
|
msgstr "Limbajul Rust are două părți:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "**Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible."
|
|
msgstr "**Safe Rust:** sigur în memorie, fără comportament nedefinit posibil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are "
|
|
"violated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"**Unsafe Rust:** poate declanșa un comportament nedefinit dacă sunt "
|
|
"încălcate condițiile prealabile."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We saw mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to know what "
|
|
"Unsafe Rust is."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În acest curs vom vedea mai ales Rust sigur, dar este important să știm ce "
|
|
"este Rust nesigur."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be "
|
|
"carefully documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Codul nesigur este, de obicei, mic și izolat, iar corectitudinea sa trebuie "
|
|
"documentată cu atenție. Acesta este de obicei acoperit de un strat de "
|
|
"abstractizare sigur."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:"
|
|
msgstr "Unsafe Rust vă oferă acces la cinci noi capacități:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Dereference raw pointers."
|
|
msgstr "Dereferențierea indicatoarelor brute."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Access or modify mutable static variables."
|
|
msgstr "Accesarea sau modificarea variabilelor statice mutabile."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Access `union` fields."
|
|
msgstr "Accesați câmpurile `union`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions."
|
|
msgstr "Apelarea funcțiilor `unsafe`, inclusiv a funcțiilor `extern`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Implement `unsafe` traits."
|
|
msgstr "Implementarea trăsăturilor `unsafe`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see "
|
|
"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-"
|
|
"unsafe-rust.html) and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În continuare vom aborda pe scurt capacitățile nesigure. Pentru detalii "
|
|
"complete, vă rugăm să consultați [Capitolul 19.1 din Rust Book](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html) și [Rustonomicon](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers "
|
|
"have turned off some compiler safety features and have to write correct code "
|
|
"by themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety "
|
|
"rules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust nu înseamnă că codul este incorect. Înseamnă că dezvoltatorii au "
|
|
"dezactivat caracteristicile de siguranță ale compilatorului și trebuie să "
|
|
"scrie singuri codul corect. Înseamnă că compilatorul nu mai aplică regulile "
|
|
"de siguranță a memoriei din Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crearea de pointeri este sigură, dar dereferențierea lor necesită `unsafe`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid "\"careful!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n"
|
|
" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects "
|
|
"underlying\n"
|
|
" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n"
|
|
" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n"
|
|
" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut num = 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n"
|
|
" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Sigur, deoarece r1 și r2 au fost obținute din referințe și deci sunt\n"
|
|
" // garantate ca fiind non-null și aliniate corespunzător, obiectele care "
|
|
"stau la baza lor\n"
|
|
" // referințele din care au fost obținute sunt vii pe tot parcursul\n"
|
|
" // întregul bloc nesigur, și nu sunt accesate nici prin intermediul "
|
|
"blocului\n"
|
|
" // referințe, nici în același timp prin intermediul altor pointeri.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r1 este: {}\", *r1);\n"
|
|
" *r1 = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r2 este: {}\", *r2);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid "\"r1 is: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid "\"uhoh\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid "\"r2 is: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// NOT SAFE. DO NOT DO THIS.\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" let r3: &String = unsafe { &*r1 };\n"
|
|
" drop(s);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r3 is: {}\", *r3);\n"
|
|
" */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write "
|
|
"a comment for each `unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it "
|
|
"satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe operations it is doing."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este o bună practică (și este cerută de ghidul de stil Android Rust) să "
|
|
"scrieți un comentariu pentru fiecare bloc `unsafe`, explicând modul în care "
|
|
"codul din interiorul acestuia îndeplinește cerințele de siguranță ale "
|
|
"operațiilor nesigure pe care le efectuează."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be "
|
|
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cazul dereferențierii pointerilor, aceasta înseamnă că pointerii trebuie "
|
|
"să fie [_valabili_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), "
|
|
"adică:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The pointer must be non-null."
|
|
msgstr "Pointerul trebuie să nu fie nul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single "
|
|
"allocated object)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pointerul trebuie să fie _dereferențiabil_ (în limitele unui singur obiect "
|
|
"alocat)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The object must not have been deallocated."
|
|
msgstr "Obiectul nu trebuie să fi fost dezalocat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location."
|
|
msgstr "Nu trebuie să existe accese simultane la aceeași locație."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object "
|
|
"must be live and no reference may be used to access the memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cazul în care pointerul a fost obținut prin turnarea unei referințe, "
|
|
"obiectul subiacent trebuie să fie viu și nu se poate utiliza nicio referință "
|
|
"pentru a accesa memoria."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cele mai multe cazuri, indicatorul trebuie, de asemenea, să fie bine "
|
|
"aliniat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/dereferencing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"NOT SAFE\" section gives an example of a common kind of UB bug: `*r1` "
|
|
"has the `'static` lifetime, so `r3` has type `&'static String`, and thus "
|
|
"outlives `s`. Creating a reference from a pointer requires _great care_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:"
|
|
msgstr "Este sigur să citiți o variabilă statică imuabilă:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Hello, world!\""
|
|
msgstr "Bună lume!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
msgid "\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable "
|
|
"static variables:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cu toate acestea, deoarece pot apărea curse de date, nu este sigur să se "
|
|
"citească și să se scrie variabilele statice mutabile:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
msgid "\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The program here is safe because it is single-threaded. However, the Rust "
|
|
"compiler is conservative and will assume the worst. Try removing the "
|
|
"`unsafe` and see how the compiler explains that it is undefined behavior to "
|
|
"mutate a static from multiple threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Programul de aici este sigur, deoarece are un singur fir de execuție. Cu "
|
|
"toate acestea, compilatorul Rust este conservator și va presupune ce este "
|
|
"mai rău. Încercați să eliminați `unsafe` și să vedeți cum compilatorul "
|
|
"explică faptul că este un comportament nedefinit să mutați o statică din mai "
|
|
"multe fire de execuție."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/mutable-static.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases "
|
|
"where it might make sense in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a "
|
|
"heap allocator or working with some C APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizarea unui static mutabil este, în general, o idee proastă, dar există "
|
|
"unele cazuri în care ar putea avea sens în codul `no_std` de nivel scăzut, "
|
|
"cum ar fi implementarea unui alocator de heap sau lucrul cu unele API-uri C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Uniunile sunt ca și enumerațiile, dar trebuie să urmăriți singur câmpul "
|
|
"activ:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
msgid "\"int: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
msgid "\"bool: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "// Undefined behavior!\n"
|
|
msgstr "comportament nedefinit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They "
|
|
"are occasionally needed for interacting with C library APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Uniunile sunt foarte rar necesare în Rust, deoarece puteți utiliza de obicei "
|
|
"un enum. Ele sunt ocazional necesare pentru a interacționa cu API-urile "
|
|
"bibliotecilor C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want "
|
|
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn."
|
|
"transmute.html) or a safe wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/"
|
|
"crates/zerocopy) crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă doriți doar să reinterpretați octeții ca fiind de un tip diferit, "
|
|
"probabil că doriți [`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/"
|
|
"std/mem/fn.transmute.html) sau un înveliș sigur, cum ar fi [`zerocopy`]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Apelarea funcțiilor nesigure"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions "
|
|
"you must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O funcție sau o metodă poate fi marcată `unsafe` dacă are condiții "
|
|
"prealabile suplimentare pe care trebuie să le respectați pentru a evita un "
|
|
"comportament nedefinit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"C\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"🗻∈🌏\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of\n"
|
|
" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"emoji: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"char count: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "// Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
|
|
msgstr "Nici un comportament nedefinit în timpul execuției:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Scrierea funcțiilor nesigure"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular "
|
|
"conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți marca propriile funcții ca fiind \"nesigure\" dacă acestea necesită "
|
|
"anumite condiții pentru a evita un comportament nedefinit."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "// Safe because ...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
msgid "\"a = {}, b = {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`get_unchecked`, like most `_unchecked` functions, is unsafe, because it can "
|
|
"create UB if the range is incorrect. `abs` is incorrect for a different "
|
|
"reason: it is an external function (FFI). Calling external functions is "
|
|
"usually only a problem when those functions do things with pointers which "
|
|
"might violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C function might have "
|
|
"undefined behaviour under any arbitrary circumstances."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceasta este de obicei o problemă doar pentru funcțiile externe care fac "
|
|
"lucruri cu pointeri care ar putea încălca modelul de memorie Rust, dar în "
|
|
"general orice funcție C poate avea un comportament nedefinit în orice "
|
|
"circumstanțe arbitrare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI; [other ABIs are available too]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În acest exemplu, `\"C\"` este ABI; [sunt disponibile și alte ABI-uri]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We wouldn't actually use pointers for a `swap` function - it can be done "
|
|
"safely with references."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De fapt, nu vom folosi pointeri pentru acest lucru, deoarece acest lucru "
|
|
"poate fi realizat în siguranță cu referințe."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-functions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an "
|
|
"`unsafe` block. We can prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. "
|
|
"Try adding it and see what happens. This will likely change in a future Rust "
|
|
"edition."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți că codul nesigur este permis în cadrul unei funcții nesigure fără "
|
|
"un bloc `unsafe`. Putem interzice acest lucru cu "
|
|
"`#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Încercați să-l adăugați și vedeți ce se "
|
|
"întâmplă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Implementarea trăsăturilor nesigure"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation "
|
|
"must guarantee particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ca și în cazul funcțiilor, puteți marca o trăsătură ca fiind \"nesigură\" "
|
|
"dacă implementarea trebuie să garanteze anumite condiții pentru a evita un "
|
|
"comportament nedefinit."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks [something "
|
|
"like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De exemplu, categoria `zerocopy` are o trăsătură nesigură care arată [ceva "
|
|
"de genul acesta](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes."
|
|
"html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// ...\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
msgid "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining "
|
|
"the requirements for the trait to be safely implemented."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ar trebui să existe o secțiune `# Siguranță` în Rustdoc pentru trăsătura "
|
|
"care să explice cerințele pentru ca trăsătura să fie implementată în "
|
|
"siguranță."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more "
|
|
"complicated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Secțiunea de siguranță efectivă pentru `AsBytes` este mai lungă și mai "
|
|
"complicată."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/unsafe-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe."
|
|
msgstr "Trăsăturile încorporate `Send` și `Sync` sunt nesigure."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "Înfășurătorul FFI sigur"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function "
|
|
"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc` "
|
|
"functions you would use from C to read the names of files in a directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust are un suport excelent pentru apelarea funcțiilor prin intermediul unei "
|
|
"interfețe de funcții străine (FFI). Vom folosi acest lucru pentru a construi "
|
|
"un înveliș sigur pentru funcțiile `libc` pe care le-ați folosi din C pentru "
|
|
"a citi numele fișierelor dintr-un director."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:"
|
|
msgstr "Va trebui să consultați paginile din manual:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr "[`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
"ffi/) module. There you find a number of string types which you need for the "
|
|
"exercise:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De asemenea, veți dori să navigați în modulul [`std::ffi`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/ffi/). Acolo veți găsi o serie de tipuri de șiruri de caractere "
|
|
"de care aveți nevoie pentru exercițiu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Encoding"
|
|
msgstr "Codificare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "Use"
|
|
msgstr "Folosește"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) and [`String`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`str`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.str.html) și [`String`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "UTF-8"
|
|
msgstr "UTF-8"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Text processing in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Prelucrarea textului în Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) and [`CString`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`CStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html) și [`CString`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "NUL-terminated"
|
|
msgstr "Terminat cu NUL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Communicating with C functions"
|
|
msgstr "Comunicarea cu funcțiile C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) and "
|
|
"[`OsString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`OsStr`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsStr.html) și "
|
|
"[`OsString`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.OsString.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "OS-specific"
|
|
msgstr "Specific sistemului de operare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Communicating with the OS"
|
|
msgstr "Comunicarea cu sistemul de operare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You will convert between all these types:"
|
|
msgstr "Veți face conversia între toate aceste tipuri:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` "
|
|
"character,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&str` în `CString`: trebuie să alocați spațiu pentru un caracter `\\0` la "
|
|
"sfârșit,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`CString` la `*const i8`: aveți nevoie de un pointer pentru a apela "
|
|
"funcțiile C,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` "
|
|
"character,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`*const i8` la `&CStr`: aveți nevoie de ceva care să poată găsi caracterul "
|
|
"`\\0` din urmă,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some "
|
|
"unknown data\","
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&CStr` la `&[u8]`: o porțiune de octeți este interfața universală pentru "
|
|
"\"unele date necunoscute\","
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use [`OsStrExt`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) to create it,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&&[u8]` la `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` este un pas spre `OsString`, utilizați "
|
|
"[`OsStrExt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html) "
|
|
"pentru a-l crea,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to "
|
|
"return it and call `readdir` again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`&OsStr` în `OsString`: trebuie să clonați datele din `&OsStr` pentru a le "
|
|
"putea returna și a apela din nou `readdir`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) also has a very "
|
|
"useful chapter about FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Nomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html) are, de asemenea, un "
|
|
"capitol foarte util despre FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
|
|
"functions and methods:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copiați codul de mai jos în <https://play.rust-lang.org/> și completați "
|
|
"funcțiile și metodele care lipsesc:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"macos\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t and\n"
|
|
" // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
|
|
" // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"x86_64\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the section on\n"
|
|
" // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for stat(2).\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
|
|
"refers\n"
|
|
" // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and "
|
|
"PowerPC.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"readdir$INODE64\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md
|
|
msgid "// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\".\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/exercise.md src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"files: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Invalid path: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Could not open {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
|
|
" // terminated.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Could not close {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"no-such-directory\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"Non UTF-8 character in path\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"..\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"foo.txt\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"The Foo Diaries\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"bar.png\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"<PNG>\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"crab.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe-rust/solution.md
|
|
msgid "\"//! Crab\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Rust in Android"
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit la Rust în Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is supported for system software on Android. This means that you can "
|
|
"write new services, libraries, drivers or even firmware in Rust (or improve "
|
|
"existing code as needed)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust este acceptat pentru dezvoltarea platformei native pe Android. Acest "
|
|
"lucru înseamnă că puteți scrie noi servicii de sistem de operare în Rust, "
|
|
"precum și extinde serviciile existente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to "
|
|
"find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code "
|
|
"to Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something "
|
|
"that parses some raw bytes would be ideal."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vom încerca să îl sunăm pe Rust de la unul dintre proiectele dumneavoastră "
|
|
"astăzi. Așadar, încercați să găsiți un colțișor din baza dumneavoastră de "
|
|
"cod în care să putem muta câteva linii de cod în Rust. Cu cât mai puține "
|
|
"dependențe și tipuri \"exotice\", cu atât mai bine. Ceva care analizează "
|
|
"niște octeți brute ar fi ideal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The speaker may mention any of the following given the increased use of Rust "
|
|
"in Android:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Service example: [DNS over HTTP](https://security.googleblog.com/2022/07/dns-"
|
|
"over-http3-in-android.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Libraries: [Rutabaga Virtual Graphics Interface](https://crosvm.dev/book/"
|
|
"appendix/rutabaga_gfx.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Kernel Drivers: [Binder](https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20231101-"
|
|
"rust-binder-v1-0-08ba9197f637@google.com/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Firmware: [pKVM firmware](https://security.googleblog.com/2023/10/bare-metal-"
|
|
"rust-in-android.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will be using a Cuttlefish Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make "
|
|
"sure you have access to one or create a new one with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vom folosi un dispozitiv virtual Android pentru a testa codul nostru. "
|
|
"Asigurați-vă că aveți acces la unul sau creați unul nou cu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/"
|
|
"setup/start) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vă rugăm să consultați [Android Developer Codelab](https://source.android."
|
|
"com/docs/setup/start) pentru detalii."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Cuttlefish is a reference Android device designed to work on generic Linux "
|
|
"desktops. MacOS support is also planned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Cuttlefish system image maintains high fidelity to real devices, and is "
|
|
"the ideal emulator to run many Rust use cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sistemul de compilare Android (Soong) acceptă Rust prin intermediul unui "
|
|
"număr de module:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Module Type"
|
|
msgstr "Tipul de modul"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Description"
|
|
msgstr "Descriere"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_binary`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_binary`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust binary."
|
|
msgstr "Produce un binar Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_library`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_library`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Produce o bibliotecă Rust și oferă atât variantele `rlib`, cât și `dylib`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static "
|
|
"and shared variants."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Produce o bibliotecă Rust C utilizabilă de modulele `cc` și oferă atât "
|
|
"variante statice cât și partajate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_proc_macro`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_proc_macro`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler "
|
|
"plugins."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Produce o bibliotecă Rust `proc-macro`. Acestea sunt analoge cu plugin-urile "
|
|
"de compilator."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_test`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_test`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Produce un binar de testare Rust care utilizează harnașamentul standard de "
|
|
"testare Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_fuzz`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_fuzz`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`."
|
|
msgstr "Produce un binar Rust fuzz folosind `libfuzzer`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_protobuf`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_protobuf`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for "
|
|
"a particular protobuf."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Generează sursa și produce o bibliotecă Rust care oferă o interfață pentru "
|
|
"un anumit protobuf."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C "
|
|
"libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Generează sursa și produce o bibliotecă Rust care conține legături Rust "
|
|
"pentru bibliotecile C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next."
|
|
msgstr "În continuare vom analiza `rust_binary` și `rust_library`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Additional items speaker may mention:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Cargo is not optimized for multi-language repos, and also downloads packages "
|
|
"from the internet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For compliance and performance, Android must have crates in-tree. It must "
|
|
"also interop with C/C++/Java code. Soong fills that gap."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Soong has many similarities to Bazel, which is the open-source variant of "
|
|
"Blaze (used in google3)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is a plan to transition [Android](https://source.android.com/docs/"
|
|
"setup/build/bazel/introduction), [ChromeOS](https://chromium.googlesource."
|
|
"com/chromiumos/bazel/), and [Fuchsia](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/"
|
|
"build/bazel/introduction) to Bazel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Learning Bazel-like build rules is useful for all Rust OS developers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Fun fact: Data from Star Trek is a Soong-type Android."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Binaries"
|
|
msgstr "Binare Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, "
|
|
"create the following files:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Să începem cu o aplicație simplă. La rădăcina unei verificări AOSP, creați "
|
|
"următoarele fișiere:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
msgid "\"hello_rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/main.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello from Rust!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Acum puteți să construiți, să distribuiți și să rulați fișierul binar:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust\" /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Libraries"
|
|
msgstr "Biblioteci Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați `rust_library` pentru a crea o nouă bibliotecă Rust pentru Android."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:"
|
|
msgstr "Aici declarăm o dependență față de două biblioteci:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`libgreeting`, which we define below,"
|
|
msgstr "`libgreeting`, pe care îl definim mai jos,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in [`external/rust/crates/`]"
|
|
"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/"
|
|
"crates/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`libtextwrap`, care este un crate deja vândut în [`external/rust/crates/`]"
|
|
"(https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/"
|
|
"crates/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "\"hello_rust_with_dep\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "\"libgreetings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "\"libtextwrap\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "// Need this to avoid dynamic link error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "\"greetings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md src/android/aidl/implementation.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/lib.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "//! Greeting library.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "/// Greet `name`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:"
|
|
msgstr "Construiți, distribuiți și rulați programul binar la fel ca înainte:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer.android."
|
|
"com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Limbajul [Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)](https://developer."
|
|
"android.com/guide/components/aidl) este acceptat în Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,"
|
|
msgstr "Codul Rust poate apela serverele AIDL existente,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can create new AIDL servers in Rust."
|
|
msgstr "Puteți crea noi servere AIDL în Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "AIDL Interfaces"
|
|
msgstr "Interfețe AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:"
|
|
msgstr "Declarați API-ul serviciului dumneavoastră utilizând o interfață AIDL:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/exemple/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md src/android/aidl/changing.md
|
|
msgid "/** Birthday service interface. */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md src/android/aidl/changing.md
|
|
msgid "/** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md
|
|
msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_birthday_service/aidl/com/exemple/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md
|
|
msgid "// Rust is not enabled by default\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the "
|
|
"vendor partition."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Adăugați `vendor_available: true` dacă fișierul dvs. AIDL este utilizat de "
|
|
"un fișier binar din partiția furnizorului."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Service Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "Implementarea serviciilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:"
|
|
msgstr "Acum putem implementa serviciul AIDL:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md
|
|
msgid "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr "Implementarea serviciilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md
|
|
msgid "\"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthdayservice\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthdayservice\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
msgid "\"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbinder_rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "AIDL Server"
|
|
msgstr "Server AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:"
|
|
msgstr "În cele din urmă, putem crea un server care să expună serviciul:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/server.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
msgid "//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
msgid "/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to register service\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthday_server\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/server.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "src/bin/server.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
msgid "// To avoid dynamic link error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:"
|
|
msgstr "Acum putem construi, împinge și porni serviciul:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb root\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:"
|
|
msgstr "Într-un alt terminal, verificați dacă serviciul rulează:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:"
|
|
msgstr "De asemenea, puteți apela serviciul cu `service call`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "AIDL Client"
|
|
msgstr "Client AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cele din urmă, putem crea un client Rust pentru noul nostru serviciu."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
msgid "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
msgid "/// Call the birthday service.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
msgid "\"{msg}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthday_client\""
|
|
msgstr "_birthday_service/src/client.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"src/client.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "src/bin/client.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`."
|
|
msgstr "Observați că clientul nu depinde de `libbirthdayservice`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "Creați, distribuiți și rulați clientul pe dispozitivul dvs:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m birthday_client\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m birthday_client\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients "
|
|
"specify a list of lines for the birthday card:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Să extindem API-ul cu mai multe funcționalități: dorim să permitem "
|
|
"clienților să specifice o listă de linii pentru felicitarea de ziua de "
|
|
"naștere:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) "
|
|
"or `stdout` (on-host):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ar trebui să folosiți caseta `log` pentru a înregistra automat în `logcat` "
|
|
"(pe dispozitiv) sau `stdout` (pe gazdă):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "salut_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"hello_rust_logs\""
|
|
msgstr "salut_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"liblog_rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"liblogger\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "//! Rust logging demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "/// Logs a greeting.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"rust\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"Starting program.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"Things are going fine.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
msgid "\"Something went wrong!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Creați, distribuiți și rulați programul binar pe dispozitivul dumneavoastră:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:"
|
|
msgstr "Jurnalele apar în `adb logcat`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This "
|
|
"means that you can:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust are un suport excelent pentru interoperabilitatea cu alte limbaje. "
|
|
"Acest lucru înseamnă că puteți:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Call Rust functions from other languages."
|
|
msgstr "Apelarea funcțiilor Rust din alte limbaje."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Call functions written in other languages from Rust."
|
|
msgstr "Apelarea funcțiilor scrise în alte limbaje din Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a "
|
|
"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atunci când apelați funcții într-o limbă străină, spunem că utilizați o "
|
|
"_interfață de funcții străine_, cunoscută și sub numele de FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with C"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilitate cu C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention. "
|
|
"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust are un suport complet pentru legarea fișierelor de obiecte cu o "
|
|
"convenție de apelare C. În mod similar, puteți exporta funcții Rust și le "
|
|
"puteți apela din C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:"
|
|
msgstr "Puteți să o faceți manual, dacă doriți:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
msgid "\"{x}, {abs_x}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper exercise](../../exercises/day-3/"
|
|
"safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Am văzut deja acest lucru în [Exercițiul [Safe FFI Wrapper] (../../exerciții/"
|
|
"zi-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for "
|
|
"production."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru presupune cunoașterea completă a platformei țintă. Nu se "
|
|
"recomandă pentru producție."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will look at better options next."
|
|
msgstr "În continuare, vom examina opțiuni mai bune."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Using Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "Utilizarea Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) "
|
|
"tool can auto-generate bindings from a C header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Instrumentul [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction."
|
|
"html) poate genera automat legăturile dintr-un fișier de antet C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "First create a small C library:"
|
|
msgstr "Mai întâi creați o mică bibliotecă C:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "<stdio.h>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"+--------------\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:"
|
|
msgstr "Adăugați acest lucru la fișierul `Android.bp`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday.c\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this "
|
|
"example):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Creați un fișier de antet de înfășurare pentru bibliotecă (nu este strict "
|
|
"necesar în acest exemplu):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:"
|
|
msgstr "Acum puteți să generați automat legăturile:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"birthday_bindgen\""
|
|
msgstr "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday_wrapper.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"bindings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:"
|
|
msgstr "În cele din urmă, putem utiliza legăturile în programul nostru Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"print_birthday_card\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"main.rs\""
|
|
msgstr "_main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "//! Bindgen demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "// SAFETY: `print_card` is safe to call with a valid `card` pointer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cele din urmă, putem rula teste generate automat pentru a ne asigura că "
|
|
"legăturile funcționează:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"libbirthday_bindgen_test\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\":libbirthday_bindgen\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"general-tests\""
|
|
msgstr "Rust nesigur"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "\"none\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md
|
|
msgid "// Generated file, skip linting\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Calling Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Apelarea Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:"
|
|
msgstr "Exportul funcțiilor și tipurilor Rust în C este ușor:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/interoperabilitate/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"x ({x}) is smallest!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/interoperabilitate/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/interoperabilitate/rusine/libanaliza/Android.bp_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"libanalyze_ffi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"analyze_ffi\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"analyze.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Acum putem apela acest lucru dintr-un binar C:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/rust/analiza/main.c_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"analyze.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/încălzire/antreprenoriat/analiza/Android.bp_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"analyze_numbers\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"main.c\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers\" /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"m analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/"
|
|
"tmp\"\n"
|
|
"adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol "
|
|
"will just be the name of the function. You can also use `#[export_name = "
|
|
"\"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]` dezactivează manipularea obișnuită a numelor din Rust, astfel "
|
|
"încât simbolul exportat va fi doar numele funcției. De asemenea, puteți "
|
|
"utiliza `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` pentru a specifica orice nume "
|
|
"doriți."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) makes it possible to do safe "
|
|
"interoperability between Rust and C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[CXX crate](https://cxx.rs/) face posibilă realizarea unei "
|
|
"interoperabilități sigure între Rust și C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The overall approach looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Abordarea generală arată în felul următor:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"CXX relies on a description of the function signatures that will be exposed "
|
|
"from each language to the other. You provide this description using extern "
|
|
"blocks in a Rust module annotated with the `#[cxx::bridge]` attribute macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid "\"org::blobstore\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid "// Shared structs with fields visible to both languages.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "// Rust types and signatures exposed to C++.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Rust\""
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit la Comprehensive Rust 🦀 (ghidul complet pentu Rust)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "// C++ types and signatures exposed to Rust.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "\"C++\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "\"include/blobstore.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid "The bridge is generally declared in an `ffi` module within your crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"From the declarations made in the bridge module, CXX will generate matching "
|
|
"Rust and C++ type/function definitions in order to expose those items to "
|
|
"both languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To view the generated Rust code, use [cargo-expand](https://github.com/"
|
|
"dtolnay/cargo-expand) to view the expanded proc macro. For most of the "
|
|
"examples you would use `cargo expand ::ffi` to expand just the `ffi` module "
|
|
"(though this doesn't apply for Android projects)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/bridge.md
|
|
msgid "To view the generated C++ code, look in `target/cxxbridge`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "Rust Bridge Declarations"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "// Opaque type\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "// Method on `MyType`\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "// Free function\n"
|
|
msgstr "funcție:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Items declared in the `extern \"Rust\"` reference items that are in scope in "
|
|
"the parent module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The CXX code generator uses your `extern \"Rust\"` section(s) to produce a C+"
|
|
"+ header file containing the corresponding C++ declarations. The generated "
|
|
"header has the same path as the Rust source file containing the bridge, "
|
|
"except with a .rs.h file extension."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/generated-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Results in (roughly) the following C++:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "C++ Bridge Declarations"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "Results in (roughly) the following Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$new_blobstore_client\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid "\"org$blobstore$cxxbridge1$BlobstoreClient$put\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The programmer does not need to promise that the signatures they have typed "
|
|
"in are accurate. CXX performs static assertions that the signatures exactly "
|
|
"correspond with what is declared in C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-bridge.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`unsafe extern` blocks allow you to declare C++ functions that are safe to "
|
|
"call from Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md
|
|
msgid "// A=1, J=11, Q=12, K=13\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md
|
|
msgid "Only C-like (unit) enums are supported."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-types.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A limited number of traits are supported for `#[derive()]` on shared types. "
|
|
"Corresponding functionality is also generated for the C++ code, e.g. if you "
|
|
"derive `Hash` also generates an implementation of `std::hash` for the "
|
|
"corresponding C++ type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Generated Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust nesigur"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md
|
|
msgid "Generated C++:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/shared-enums.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"On the Rust side, the code generated for shared enums is actually a struct "
|
|
"wrapping a numeric value. This is because it is not UB in C++ for an enum "
|
|
"class to hold a value different from all of the listed variants, and our "
|
|
"Rust representation needs to have the same behavior."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid "\"fallible1 requires depth > 0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid "\"Success!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust functions that return `Result` are translated to exceptions on the C++ "
|
|
"side."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The exception thrown will always be of type `rust::Error`, which primarily "
|
|
"exposes a way to get the error message string. The error message will come "
|
|
"from the error type's `Display` impl."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/rust-result.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A panic unwinding from Rust to C++ will always cause the process to "
|
|
"immediately terminate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
msgid "\"example/include/example.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
msgid "\"Error: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"C++ functions declared to return a `Result` will catch any thrown exception "
|
|
"on the C++ side and return it as an `Err` value to the calling Rust function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/cpp-exception.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If an exception is thrown from an extern \"C++\" function that is not "
|
|
"declared by the CXX bridge to return `Result`, the program calls C++'s `std::"
|
|
"terminate`. The behavior is equivalent to the same exception being thrown "
|
|
"through a `noexcept` C++ function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust Type"
|
|
msgstr "Rugină prin exemplu"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "C++ Type"
|
|
msgstr "Exemplu C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::String`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_bindgen`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`&str`"
|
|
msgstr "`&str`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::Str`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_test`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`CxxString`"
|
|
msgstr "Sir"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`std::string`"
|
|
msgstr "șir:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`&[T]`/`&mut [T]`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::Slice`"
|
|
msgstr "`rust_ffi`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`rust::Box<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`UniquePtr<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid "`std::unique_ptr<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Vec<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Vec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`rust::Vec<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`CxxVector<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Celula<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`std::vector<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types can be used in the fields of shared structs and the arguments "
|
|
"and returns of extern functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that Rust's `String` does not map directly to `std::string`. There are "
|
|
"a few reasons for this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::string` does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant that `String` requires."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The two types have different layouts in memory and so can't be passed "
|
|
"directly between languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/type-mapping.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::string` requires move constructors that don't match Rust's move "
|
|
"semantics, so a `std::string` can't be passed by value to Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Building in Android"
|
|
msgstr "Rust în Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a `cc_library_static` to build the C++ library, including the CXX "
|
|
"generated header and source file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx_test_cpp\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "\"cxx_test.cpp\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "\"cxx-bridge-header\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_header\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx_test_bridge_code\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Point out that `libcxx_test_bridge_header` and `libcxx_test_bridge_code` are "
|
|
"the dependencies for the CXX-generated C++ bindings. We'll show how these "
|
|
"are setup on the next slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that you also need to depend on the `cxx-bridge-header` library in "
|
|
"order to pull in common CXX definitions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Full docs for using CXX in Android can be found in [the Android docs]"
|
|
"(https://source.android.com/docs/setup/build/rust/building-rust-modules/"
|
|
"android-rust-patterns#rust-cpp-interop-using-cxx). You may want to share "
|
|
"that link with the class so that students know where they can find these "
|
|
"instructions again in the future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create two genrules: One to generate the CXX header, and one to generate the "
|
|
"CXX source file. These are then used as inputs to the `cc_library_static`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Generate a C++ header containing the C++ bindings\n"
|
|
"// to the Rust exported functions in lib.rs.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"cxxbridge\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) --header > $(out)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"lib.rs\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"lib.rs.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "// Generate the C++ code that Rust calls into.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"$(location cxxbridge) $(in) > $(out)\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid "\"lib.rs.cc\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cxxbridge` tool is a standalone tool that generates the C++ side of the "
|
|
"bridge module. It is included in Android and available as a Soong tool."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-cpp-genrules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By convention, if your Rust source file is `lib.rs` your header file will be "
|
|
"named `lib.rs.h` and your source file will be named `lib.rs.cc`. This naming "
|
|
"convention isn't enforced, though."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a `rust_binary` that depends on `libcxx` and your `cc_library_static`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"cxx_test\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp/android-build-rust.md
|
|
msgid "\"libcxx\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Interoperability with Java"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilitate cu Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface (JNI)](https://en."
|
|
"wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni` crate](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"jni/) allows you to create a compatible library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Java poate încărca obiecte partajate prin intermediul [Java Native Interface "
|
|
"(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). Crăiasa [`jni` "
|
|
"crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) vă permite să creați o bibliotecă compatibilă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Mai întâi, creăm o funcție Rust pentru a exporta în Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"system\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hello, {input}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"libhello_jni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"hello_jni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"libjni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We then call this function from Java:"
|
|
msgstr "În cele din urmă, putem apela această funcție din Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
msgstr "interoperabilitate/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
msgid "\"helloworld_jni\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"HelloWorld.java\""
|
|
msgstr "Bună lume!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"HelloWorld\""
|
|
msgstr "Bună lume!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cele din urmă, puteți să construiți, să sincronizați și să executați "
|
|
"programul binar:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with "
|
|
"and try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acesta este un exercițiu de grup: Ne vom uita la unul dintre proiectele la "
|
|
"care lucrați și vom încerca să integrăm în el Rust. Câteva sugestii:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust."
|
|
msgstr "Apelați serviciul AIDL cu un client scris în Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Move a function from your project to Rust and call it."
|
|
msgstr "Mutați o funcție din proiectul dvs. în Rust și apelați-o."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone "
|
|
"in the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nu se oferă nicio soluție aici, deoarece este o întrebare deschisă: se "
|
|
"bazează pe faptul că cineva din clasă are o bucată de cod pe care o puteți "
|
|
"transforma în Rust din mers."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Rust in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit la Rust în Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is supported for third-party libraries in Chromium, with first-party "
|
|
"glue code to connect between Rust and existing Chromium C++ code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today, we'll call into Rust to do something silly with strings. If you've "
|
|
"got a corner of the code where you're displaying a UTF8 string to the user, "
|
|
"feel free to follow this recipe in your part of the codebase instead of the "
|
|
"exact part we talk about."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure you can build and run Chromium. Any platform and set of build "
|
|
"flags is OK, so long as your code is relatively recent (commit position "
|
|
"1223636 onwards, corresponding to November 2023):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(A component, debug build is recommended for quickest iteration time. This "
|
|
"is the default!)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [How to build Chromium](https://www.chromium.org/developers/how-tos/get-"
|
|
"the-code/) if you aren't already at that point. Be warned: setting up to "
|
|
"build Chromium takes time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid "It's also recommended that you have Visual Studio code installed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid "About the exercises"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/setup.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This part of the course has a series of exercises which build on each other. "
|
|
"We'll be doing them spread throughout the course instead of just at the end. "
|
|
"If you don't have time to complete a certain part, don't worry: you can "
|
|
"catch up in the next slot."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust community typically uses `cargo` and libraries from [crates.io](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/). Chromium is built using `gn` and `ninja` and a curated set of "
|
|
"dependencies."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "When writing code in Rust, your choices are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `gn` and `ninja` with the help of the templates from `//build/rust/*."
|
|
"gni` (e.g. `rust_static_library` that we'll meet later). This uses "
|
|
"Chromium's audited toolchain and crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo`, but [restrict yourself to Chromium's audited toolchain and "
|
|
"crates](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/"
|
|
"docs/rust.md#Using-cargo)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cargo`, trusting a [toolchain](https://rustup.rs/) and/or [crates "
|
|
"downloaded from the internet](https://crates.io/)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"From here on we'll be focusing on `gn` and `ninja`, because this is how Rust "
|
|
"code can be built into the Chromium browser. At the same time, Cargo is an "
|
|
"important part of the Rust ecosystem and you should keep it in your toolbox."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Mini exercise"
|
|
msgstr "exercițiu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Split into small groups and:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Brainstorm scenarios where `cargo` may offer an advantage and assess the "
|
|
"risk profile of these scenarios."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Discuss which tools, libraries, and groups of people need to be trusted when "
|
|
"using `gn` and `ninja`, offline `cargo`, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ask students to avoid peeking at the speaker notes before completing the "
|
|
"exercise. Assuming folks taking the course are physically together, ask them "
|
|
"to discuss in small groups of 3-4 people."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notes/hints related to the first part of the exercise (\"scenarios where "
|
|
"Cargo may offer an advantage\"):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's fantastic that when writing a tool, or prototyping a part of Chromium, "
|
|
"one has access to the rich ecosystem of crates.io libraries. There is a "
|
|
"crate for almost anything and they are usually quite pleasant to use. "
|
|
"(`clap` for command-line parsing, `serde` for serializing/deserializing to/"
|
|
"from various formats, `itertools` for working with iterators, etc.)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo` makes it easy to try a library (just add a single line to `Cargo."
|
|
"toml` and start writing code)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be worth comparing how CPAN helped make `perl` a popular choice. Or "
|
|
"comparing with `python` + `pip`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Development experience is made really nice not only by core Rust tools (e.g. "
|
|
"using `rustup` to switch to a different `rustc` version when testing a crate "
|
|
"that needs to work on nightly, current stable, and older stable) but also by "
|
|
"an ecosystem of third-party tools (e.g. Mozilla provides `cargo vet` for "
|
|
"streamlining and sharing security audits; `criterion` crate gives a "
|
|
"streamlined way to run benchmarks)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo` makes it easy to add a tool via `cargo install --locked cargo-vet`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "It may be worth comparing with Chrome Extensions or VScode extensions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Broad, generic examples of projects where `cargo` may be the right choice:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Perhaps surprisingly, Rust is becoming increasingly popular in the industry "
|
|
"for writing command line tools. The breadth and ergonomics of libraries is "
|
|
"comparable to Python, while being more robust (thanks to the rich "
|
|
"typesystem) and running faster (as a compiled, rather than interpreted "
|
|
"language)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Participating in the Rust ecosystem requires using standard Rust tools like "
|
|
"Cargo. Libraries that want to get external contributions, and want to be "
|
|
"used outside of Chromium (e.g. in Bazel or Android/Soong build environments) "
|
|
"should probably use Cargo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Examples of Chromium-related projects that are `cargo`\\-based:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`serde_json_lenient` (experimented with in other parts of Google which "
|
|
"resulted in PRs with performance improvements)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Fontations libraries like `font-types`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gnrt` tool (we will meet it later in the course) which depends on `clap` "
|
|
"for command-line parsing and on `toml` for configuration files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Disclaimer: a unique reason for using `cargo` was unavailability of `gn` "
|
|
"when building and bootstrapping Rust standard library when building Rust "
|
|
"toolchain.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`run_gnrt.py` uses Chromium's copy of `cargo` and `rustc`. `gnrt` depends on "
|
|
"third-party libraries downloaded from the internet, by `run_gnrt.py` asks "
|
|
"`cargo` that only `--locked` content is allowed via `Cargo.lock`.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may identify the following items as being implicitly or explicitly "
|
|
"trusted:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustc` (the Rust compiler) which in turn depends on the LLVM libraries, the "
|
|
"Clang compiler, the `rustc` sources (fetched from GitHub, reviewed by Rust "
|
|
"compiler team), binary Rust compiler downloaded for bootstrapping"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rustup` (it may be worth pointing out that `rustup` is developed under the "
|
|
"umbrella of the https://github.com/rust-lang/ organization - same as `rustc`)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "`cargo`, `rustfmt`, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Various internal infrastructure (bots that build `rustc`, system for "
|
|
"distributing the prebuilt toolchain to Chromium engineers, etc.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Cargo tools like `cargo audit`, `cargo vet`, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust libraries vendored into `//third_party/rust` (audited by "
|
|
"security@chromium.org)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/cargo.md
|
|
msgid "Other Rust libraries (some niche, some quite popular and commonly used)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid "Chromium Rust policy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium does not yet allow first-party Rust except in rare cases as "
|
|
"approved by Chromium's [Area Tech Leads](https://source.chromium.org/"
|
|
"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:ATL_OWNERS)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium's policy on third party libraries is outlined [here](https://"
|
|
"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party."
|
|
"md#rust) - Rust is allowed for third party libraries under various "
|
|
"circumstances, including if they're the best option for performance or for "
|
|
"security."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Very few Rust libraries directly expose a C/C++ API, so that means that "
|
|
"nearly all such libraries will require a small amount of first-party glue "
|
|
"code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
"\"C++\" Rust\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": Existing Chromium : : Chromium Rust Existing "
|
|
"Rust :\n"
|
|
": \"C++\" : : \"wrapper\" "
|
|
"crate :\n"
|
|
": +---------------+ : : +----------------+ +-------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": | | : : | | | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | o-----+-+-----------+-+-> o-+----------+--> "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": | | : Language : | | Crate | "
|
|
"| :\n"
|
|
": +---------------+ : boundary : +----------------+ API +-------------"
|
|
"+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - -' `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "
|
|
"-'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stiva Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": listă : : : :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------+ :\n"
|
|
": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--++--->| // | null | :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"First-party Rust glue code for a particular third-party crate should "
|
|
"normally be kept in `third_party/rust/<crate>/<version>/wrapper`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid "Because of this, today's course will be heavily focused on:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid "Bringing in third-party Rust libraries (\"crates\")"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid "Writing glue code to be able to use those crates from Chromium C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/policy.md
|
|
msgid "If this policy changes over time, the course will evolve to keep up."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build rules"
|
|
msgstr "Reguli de construcție"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust code is usually built using `cargo`. Chromium builds with `gn` and "
|
|
"`ninja` for efficiency --- its static rules allow maximum parallelism. Rust "
|
|
"is no exception."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Adding Rust code to Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In some existing Chromium `BUILD.gn` file, declare a `rust_static_library`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also add `deps` on other Rust targets. Later we'll use this to "
|
|
"depend upon third party code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You must specify _both_ the crate root, _and_ a full list of sources. The "
|
|
"`crate_root` is the file given to the Rust compiler representing the root "
|
|
"file of the compilation unit --- typically `lib.rs`. `sources` is a complete "
|
|
"list of all source files which `ninja` needs in order to determine when "
|
|
"rebuilds are necessary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(There's no such thing as a Rust `source_set`, because in Rust, an entire "
|
|
"crate is a compilation unit. A `static_library` is the smallest unit.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students might be wondering why we need a gn template, rather than using "
|
|
"[gn's built-in support for Rust static libraries](https://gn.googlesource."
|
|
"com/gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#func_static_library). The answer is that "
|
|
"this template provides support for CXX interop, Rust features, and unit "
|
|
"tests, some of which we'll use later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md
|
|
msgid "Including `unsafe` Rust Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust code is forbidden in `rust_static_library` by default --- it "
|
|
"won't compile. If you need unsafe Rust code, add `allow_unsafe = true` to "
|
|
"the gn target. (Later in the course we'll see circumstances where this is "
|
|
"necessary.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/unsafe.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [\n"
|
|
" \"lib.rs\",\n"
|
|
" \"hippopotamus.rs\"\n"
|
|
" ]\n"
|
|
" allow_unsafe = true\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md
|
|
msgid "Simply add the above target to the `deps` of some Chromium C++ target."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/depending.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"import(\"//build/rust/rust_static_library.gni\")\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"# or source_set, static_library etc.\n"
|
|
"component(\"preexisting_cpp\") {\n"
|
|
" deps = [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Types are elided in Rust code, which makes a good IDE even more useful than "
|
|
"for C++. Visual Studio code works well for Rust in Chromium. To use it,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure your VSCode has the `rust-analyzer` extension, not earlier forms of "
|
|
"Rust support"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gn gen out/Debug --export-rust-project` (or equivalent for your output "
|
|
"directory)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid "`ln -s out/Debug/rust-project.json rust-project.json`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A demo of some of the code annotation and exploration features of rust-"
|
|
"analyzer might be beneficial if the audience are naturally skeptical of IDEs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following steps may help with the demo (but feel free to instead use a "
|
|
"piece of Chromium-related Rust that you are most familiar with):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid "Open `components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Place the cursor over the `QrCode::new` call (around line 26) in "
|
|
"\\`qr_code_generator_ffi_glue.rs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **show documentation** (typical bindings: vscode = ctrl k i; vim/CoC = "
|
|
"K)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **go to definition** (typical bindings: vscode = F12; vim/CoC = g d). "
|
|
"(This will take you to `//third_party/rust/.../qr_code-.../src/lib.rs`.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **outline** and navigate to the `QrCode::with_bits` method (around line "
|
|
"164; the outline is in the file explorer pane in vscode; typical vim/CoC "
|
|
"bindings = space o)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Demo **type annotations** (there are quote a few nice examples in the "
|
|
"`QrCode::with_bits` method)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/build-rules/vscode.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be worth pointing out that `gn gen ... --export-rust-project` will "
|
|
"need to be rerun after editing `BUILD.gn` files (which we will do a few "
|
|
"times throughout the exercises in this session)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build rules exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Reguli de construcție"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In your Chromium build, add a new Rust target to `//ui/base/BUILD.gn` "
|
|
"containing:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Important**: note that `no_mangle` here is considered a type of unsafety "
|
|
"by the Rust compiler, so you'll need to to allow unsafe code in your `gn` "
|
|
"target."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add this new Rust target as a dependency of `//ui/base:base`. Declare this "
|
|
"function at the top of `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` (later, we'll "
|
|
"see how this can be automated by bindings generation tools):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Call this function from somewhere in `ui/base/resource/resource_bundle.cc` - "
|
|
"we suggest the top of `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString`. Build "
|
|
"and run Chromium, and ensure that \"Hello from Rust!\" is printed lots of "
|
|
"times."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you use VSCode, now set up Rust to work well in VSCode. It will be useful "
|
|
"in subsequent exercises. If you've succeeded, you will be able to use right-"
|
|
"click \"Go to definition\" on `println!`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Where to find help"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The options available to the [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://"
|
|
"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/"
|
|
"rust_static_library.gni;l=16)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Information about [`#[no_mangle]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/reference/"
|
|
"abi.html#the-no_mangle-attribute)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Information about [`extern \"C\"`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword."
|
|
"extern.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Information about gn's [`--export-rust-project`](https://gn.googlesource.com/"
|
|
"gn/+/main/docs/reference.md#compilation-database) switch"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[How to install rust-analyzer in VSCode](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/"
|
|
"languages/rust)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This example is unusual because it boils down to the lowest-common-"
|
|
"denominator interop language, C. Both C++ and Rust can natively declare and "
|
|
"call C ABI functions. Later in the course, we'll connect C++ directly to "
|
|
"Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`allow_unsafe = true` is required here because `#[no_mangle]` might allow "
|
|
"Rust to generate two functions with the same name, and Rust can no longer "
|
|
"guarantee that the right one is called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you need a pure Rust executable, you can also do that using the "
|
|
"`rust_executable` gn template."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust community typically authors unit tests in a module placed in the same "
|
|
"source file as the code being tested. This was covered [earlier](../testing."
|
|
"md) in the course and looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In Chromium we place unit tests in a separate source file and we continue to "
|
|
"follow this practice for Rust --- this makes tests consistently discoverable "
|
|
"and helps to avoid rebuilding `.rs` files a second time (in the `test` "
|
|
"configuration)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This results in the following options for testing Rust code in Chromium:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Native Rust tests (i.e. `#[test]`). Discouraged outside of `//third_party/"
|
|
"rust`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gtest` tests authored in C++ and exercising Rust via FFI calls. Sufficient "
|
|
"when Rust code is just a thin FFI layer and the existing unit tests provide "
|
|
"sufficient coverage for the feature."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`gtest` tests authored in Rust and using the crate under test through its "
|
|
"public API (using `pub mod for_testing { ... }` if needed). This is the "
|
|
"subject of the next few slides."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Mention that native Rust tests of third-party crates should eventually be "
|
|
"exercised by Chromium bots. (Such testing is needed rarely --- only after "
|
|
"adding or updating third-party crates.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some examples may help illustrate when C++ `gtest` vs Rust `gtest` should be "
|
|
"used:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"QR has very little functionality in the first-party Rust layer (it's just a "
|
|
"thin FFI glue) and therefore uses the existing C++ unit tests for testing "
|
|
"both the C++ and the Rust implementation (parameterizing the tests so they "
|
|
"enable or disable Rust using a `ScopedFeatureList`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hypothetical/WIP PNG integration may need to implement memory-safe "
|
|
"implementation of pixel transformations that are provided by `libpng` but "
|
|
"missing in the `png` crate - e.g. RGBA => BGRA, or gamma correction. Such "
|
|
"functionality may benefit from separate tests authored in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`rust_gtest_interop`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/"
|
|
"main/testing/rust_gtest_interop/README.md) library provides a way to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use a Rust function as a `gtest` testcase (using the `#[gtest(...)]` "
|
|
"attribute)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `expect_eq!` and similar macros (similar to `assert_eq!` but not "
|
|
"panicking and not terminating the test when the assertion fails)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/rust-gtest-interop.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Example:"
|
|
msgstr "Exemplu"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The simplest way to build Rust `gtest` tests is to add them to an existing "
|
|
"test binary that already contains tests authored in C++. For example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n"
|
|
" ...\n"
|
|
" sources += [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" deps += [ \":my_rust_lib\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Authoring Rust tests in a separate `static_library` also works, but requires "
|
|
"manually declaring the dependency on the support libraries:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/build-gn.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib_unittests\") {\n"
|
|
" testonly = true\n"
|
|
" is_gtest_unittests = true\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"my_rust_lib_unittest.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" deps = [\n"
|
|
" \":my_rust_lib\",\n"
|
|
" \"//testing/rust_gtest_interop\",\n"
|
|
" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"test(\"ui_base_unittests\") {\n"
|
|
" ...\n"
|
|
" deps += [ \":my_rust_lib_unittests\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After adding `:my_rust_lib` to GN `deps`, we still need to learn how to "
|
|
"import and use `my_rust_lib` from `my_rust_lib_unittest.rs`. We haven't "
|
|
"provided an explicit `crate_name` for `my_rust_lib` so its crate name is "
|
|
"computed based on the full target path and name. Fortunately we can avoid "
|
|
"working with such an unwieldy name by using the `chromium::import!` macro "
|
|
"from the automatically-imported `chromium` crate:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid "\"//ui/base:my_rust_lib\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid "Under the covers the macro expands to something similar to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"More information can be found in [the doc comment](https://source.chromium."
|
|
"org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/chromium_prelude/"
|
|
"chromium_prelude.rs?q=f:chromium_prelude.rs%20pub.use.*%5Cbimport%5Cb;%20-f:"
|
|
"third_party&ss=chromium%2Fchromium%2Fsrc) of the `chromium::import` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/testing/chromium-import-macro.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rust_static_library` supports specifying an explicit name via `crate_name` "
|
|
"property, but doing this is discouraged. And it is discouraged because the "
|
|
"crate name has to be globally unique. crates.io guarantees uniqueness of its "
|
|
"crate names so `cargo_crate` GN targets (generated by the `gnrt` tool "
|
|
"covered in a later section) use short crate names."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Testing exercise"
|
|
msgstr "exercițiu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "Time for another exercise!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "In your Chromium build:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add a testable function next to `hello_from_rust`. Some suggestions: adding "
|
|
"two integers received as arguments, computing the nth Fibonacci number, "
|
|
"summing integers in a slice, etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "Add a separate `..._unittest.rs` file with a test for the new function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "Add the new tests to `BUILD.gn`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/testing.md
|
|
msgid "Build the tests, run them, and verify that the new test works."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust community offers multiple options for C++/Rust interop, with new "
|
|
"tools being developed all the time. At the moment, Chromium uses a tool "
|
|
"called CXX."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You describe your whole language boundary in an interface definition "
|
|
"language (which looks a lot like Rust) and then CXX tools generate "
|
|
"declarations for functions and types in both Rust and C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) for a full example of "
|
|
"using this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consultați [CXX tutorial](https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html) pentru un exemplu "
|
|
"complet de utilizare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Talk through the diagram. Explain that behind the scenes, this is doing just "
|
|
"the same as you previously did. Point out that automating the process has "
|
|
"the following benefits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The tool guarantees that the C++ and Rust sides match (e.g. you get compile "
|
|
"errors if the `#[cxx::bridge]` doesn't match the actual C++ or Rust "
|
|
"definitions, but with out-of-sync manual bindings you'd get Undefined "
|
|
"Behavior)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The tool automates generation of FFI thunks (small, C-ABI-compatible, free "
|
|
"functions) for non-C features (e.g. enabling FFI calls into Rust or C++ "
|
|
"methods; manual bindings would require authoring such top-level, free "
|
|
"functions manually)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "The tool and the library can handle a set of core types - for example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`&[T]` can be passed across the FFI boundary, even though it doesn't "
|
|
"guarantee any particular ABI or memory layout. With manual bindings `std::"
|
|
"span<T>` / `&[T]` have to be manually destructured and rebuilt out of a "
|
|
"pointer and length - this is error-prone given that each language represents "
|
|
"empty slices slightly differently)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Smart pointers like `std::unique_ptr<T>`, `std::shared_ptr<T>`, and/or `Box` "
|
|
"are natively supported. With manual bindings, one would have to pass C-ABI-"
|
|
"compatible raw pointers, which would increase lifetime and memory-safety "
|
|
"risks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`rust::String` and `CxxString` types understand and maintain differences in "
|
|
"string representation across the languages (e.g. `rust::String::lossy` can "
|
|
"build a Rust string from non-UTF8 input and `rust::String::c_str` can NUL-"
|
|
"terminate a string)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"CXX requires that the whole C++/Rust boundary is declared in `cxx::bridge` "
|
|
"modules inside `.rs` source code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "\"example/include/blobstore.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "// Definitions of Rust types and functions go here\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "Point out:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Although this looks like a regular Rust `mod`, the `#[cxx::bridge]` "
|
|
"procedural macro does complex things to it. The generated code is quite a "
|
|
"bit more sophisticated - though this does still result in a `mod` called "
|
|
"`ffi` in your code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "Native support for C++'s `std::unique_ptr` in Rust"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Native support for Rust slices in C++"
|
|
msgstr "Suport pentru testare încorporat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "Calls from C++ to Rust, and Rust types (in the top part)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid "Calls from Rust to C++, and C++ types (in the bottom part)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/example-bindings.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Common misconception**: It _looks_ like a C++ header is being parsed by "
|
|
"Rust, but this is misleading. This header is never interpreted by Rust, but "
|
|
"simply `#include`d in the generated C++ code for the benefit of C++ "
|
|
"compilers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By far the most useful page when using CXX is the [type reference](https://"
|
|
"cxx.rs/bindings.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Arătați corespondența dintre [tipurile Rust și C++](https://cxx.rs/bindings."
|
|
"html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid "CXX fundamentally suits cases where:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Your Rust-C++ interface is sufficiently simple that you can declare all of "
|
|
"it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You're using only the types natively supported by CXX already, for example "
|
|
"`std::unique_ptr`, `std::string`, `&[u8]` etc."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It has many limitations --- for example lack of support for Rust's `Option` "
|
|
"type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These limitations constrain us to using Rust in Chromium only for well "
|
|
"isolated \"leaf nodes\" rather than for arbitrary Rust-C++ interop. When "
|
|
"considering a use-case for Rust in Chromium, a good starting point is to "
|
|
"draft the CXX bindings for the language boundary to see if it appears simple "
|
|
"enough."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should also discuss some of the other sticky points with CXX, for "
|
|
"example:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Its error handling is based around C++ exceptions (given on the next slide)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/limitations-of-cxx.md
|
|
msgid "Function pointers are awkward to use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"CXX's [support for `Result<T,E>`](https://cxx.rs/binding/result.html) relies "
|
|
"on C++ exceptions, so we can't use that in Chromium. Alternatives:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "The `T` part of `Result<T, E>` can be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Returned via out parameters (e.g. via `&mut T`). This requires that `T` can "
|
|
"be passed across the FFI boundary - for example `T` has to be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "A primitive type (like `u32` or `usize`)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type natively supported by `cxx` (like `UniquePtr<T>`) that has a suitable "
|
|
"default value to use in a failure case (_unlike_ `Box<T>`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Retained on the Rust side, and exposed via reference. This may be needed "
|
|
"when `T` is a Rust type, which cannot be passed across the FFI boundary, and "
|
|
"cannot be stored in `UniquePtr<T>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid "The `E` part of `Result<T, E>` can be:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Returned as a boolean (e.g. `true` representing success, and `false` "
|
|
"representing failure)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Preserving error details is in theory possible, but so far hasn't been "
|
|
"needed in practice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX Error Handling: QR Example"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea erorilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QR code generator is [an example](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/"
|
|
"chromium/src/+/main:components/qr_code_generator/qr_code_generator_ffi_glue."
|
|
"rs;l=13-18;drc=7bf1b75b910ca430501b9c6a74c1d18a0223ecca) where a boolean is "
|
|
"used to communicate success vs failure, and where the successful result can "
|
|
"be passed across the FFI boundary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
msgid "\"qr_code_generator\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may be curious about the semantics of the `out_qr_size` output. "
|
|
"This is not the size of the vector, but the size of the QR code (and "
|
|
"admittedly it is a bit redundant - this is the square root of the size of "
|
|
"the vector)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It may be worth pointing out the importance of initializing `out_qr_size` "
|
|
"before calling into the Rust function. Creation of a Rust reference that "
|
|
"points to uninitialized memory results in Undefined Behavior (unlike in C++, "
|
|
"when only the act of dereferencing such memory results in UB)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-qr.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask about `Pin`, then explain why CXX needs it for mutable "
|
|
"references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can’t be moved around "
|
|
"like Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX Error Handling: PNG Example"
|
|
msgstr "Gestionarea erorilor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A prototype of a PNG decoder illustrates what can be done when the "
|
|
"successful result cannot be passed across the FFI boundary:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid "\"gfx::rust_bindings\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// This returns an FFI-friendly equivalent of `Result<PngReader<'a>,\n"
|
|
" /// ()>`.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::ResultOfPngReader` type.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid "/// C++ bindings for the `crate::png::PngReader` type.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`PngReader` and `ResultOfPngReader` are Rust types --- objects of these "
|
|
"types cannot cross the FFI boundary without indirection of a `Box<T>`. We "
|
|
"can't have an `out_parameter: &mut PngReader`, because CXX doesn't allow C++ "
|
|
"to store Rust objects by value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/error-handling-png.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This example illustrates that even though CXX doesn't support arbitrary "
|
|
"generics nor templates, we can still pass them across the FFI boundary by "
|
|
"manually specializing / monomorphizing them into a non-generic type. In the "
|
|
"example `ResultOfPngReader` is a non-generic type that forwards into "
|
|
"appropriate methods of `Result<T, E>` (e.g. into `is_err`, `unwrap`, and/or "
|
|
"`as_mut`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid "Using cxx in Chromium"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In Chromium, we define an independent `#[cxx::bridge] mod` for each leaf-"
|
|
"node where we want to use Rust. You'd typically have one for each "
|
|
"`rust_static_library`. Just add"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"cxx_bindings = [ \"my_rust_file.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" # list of files containing #[cxx::bridge], not all source files\n"
|
|
"allow_unsafe = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"to your existing `rust_static_library` target alongside `crate_root` and "
|
|
"`sources`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid "C++ headers will be generated at a sensible location, so you can just"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid "\"ui/base/my_rust_file.rs.h\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will find some utility functions in `//base` to convert to/from Chromium "
|
|
"C++ types to CXX Rust types --- for example [`SpanToRustSlice`](https://"
|
|
"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:base/containers/span_rust.h;"
|
|
"l=21)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid "Students may ask --- why do we still need `allow_unsafe = true`?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The broad answer is that no C/C++ code is \"safe\" by the normal Rust "
|
|
"standards. Calling back and forth to C/C++ from Rust may do arbitrary things "
|
|
"to memory, and compromise the safety of Rust's own data layouts. Presence of "
|
|
"_too many_ `unsafe` keywords in C/C++ interop can harm the signal-to-noise "
|
|
"ratio of such a keyword, and is [controversial](https://steveklabnik.com/"
|
|
"writing/the-cxx-debate), but strictly, bringing any foreign code into a Rust "
|
|
"binary can cause unexpected behavior from Rust's perspective."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp/using-cxx-in-chromium.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The narrow answer lies in the diagram at the top of [this page](../"
|
|
"interoperability-with-cpp.md) --- behind the scenes, CXX generates Rust "
|
|
"`unsafe` and `extern \"C\"` functions just like we did manually in the "
|
|
"previous section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Exercise: Interoperability with C++"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilitate cu C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Part one"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the Rust file you previously created, add a `#[cxx::bridge]` which "
|
|
"specifies a single function, to be called from C++, called "
|
|
"`hello_from_rust`, taking no parameters and returning no value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modify your previous `hello_from_rust` function to remove `extern \"C\"` and "
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]`. This is now just a standard Rust function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Modify your `gn` target to build these bindings."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In your C++ code, remove the forward-declaration of `hello_from_rust`. "
|
|
"Instead, include the generated header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Build and run!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Part two"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It's a good idea to play with CXX a little. It helps you think about how "
|
|
"flexible Rust in Chromium actually is."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Some things to try:"
|
|
msgstr "Câteva note:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Call back into C++ from Rust. You will need:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An additional header file which you can `include!` from your `cxx::bridge`. "
|
|
"You'll need to declare your C++ function in that new header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `unsafe` block to call such a function, or alternatively specify the "
|
|
"`unsafe` keyword in your `#[cxx::bridge]` [as described here](https://cxx.rs/"
|
|
"extern-c++.html#functions-and-member-functions)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You may also need to `#include \"third_party/rust/cxx/v1/crate/include/cxx."
|
|
"h\"`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Pass a C++ string from C++ into Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Pass a reference to a C++ object into Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Intentionally get the Rust function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::"
|
|
"bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Intentionally get the C++ function signatures mismatched from the `#[cxx::"
|
|
"bridge]`, and get used to the errors you see."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Pass a `std::unique_ptr` of some type from C++ into Rust, so that Rust can "
|
|
"own some C++ object."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a Rust object and pass it into C++, so that C++ owns it. (Hint: you "
|
|
"need a `Box`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Declare some methods on a C++ type. Call them from Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Declare some methods on a Rust type. Call them from C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Part three"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now you understand the strengths and limitations of CXX interop, think of a "
|
|
"couple of use-cases for Rust in Chromium where the interface would be "
|
|
"sufficiently simple. Sketch how you might define that interface."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The [`cxx` binding reference](https://cxx.rs/bindings.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Arătați corespondența dintre [tipurile Rust și C++](https://cxx.rs/bindings."
|
|
"html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`rust_static_library` gn template](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/"
|
|
"chromium/src/+/main:build/rust/rust_static_library.gni;l=16)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid "Some of the questions you may encounter:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"I'm seeing a problem initializing a variable of type X with type Y, where X "
|
|
"and Y are both function types. This is because your C++ function doesn't "
|
|
"quite match the declaration in your `cxx::bridge`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/interoperability-with-cpp.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"I seem to be able to freely convert C++ references into Rust references. "
|
|
"Doesn't that risk UB? For CXX's _opaque_ types, no, because they are zero-"
|
|
"sized. For CXX trivial types yes, it's _possible_ to cause UB, although "
|
|
"CXX's design makes it quite difficult to craft such an example."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust libraries are called \"crates\" and are found at [crates.io](https://"
|
|
"crates.io). It's _very easy_ for Rust crates to depend upon one another. So "
|
|
"they do!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "C++ library"
|
|
msgstr "bibliotecă:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust crate"
|
|
msgstr "Ecosistemul Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Build system"
|
|
msgstr "Ecosistemul Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Lots"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Consistent: `Cargo.toml`"
|
|
msgstr "Puteți utiliza următorul `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Typical library size"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Large-ish"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Small"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Transitive dependencies"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Few"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "For a Chromium engineer, this has pros and cons:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All crates use a common build system so we can automate their inclusion into "
|
|
"Chromium..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"... but, crates typically have transitive dependencies, so you will likely "
|
|
"have to bring in multiple libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "We'll discuss:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "How to put a crate in the Chromium source code tree"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "How to make `gn` build rules for it"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates.md
|
|
msgid "How to audit its source code for sufficient safety."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md
|
|
msgid "Configuring the `Cargo.toml` file to add crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium has a single set of centrally-managed direct crate dependencies. "
|
|
"These are managed through a single [`Cargo.toml`](https://source.chromium."
|
|
"org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/Cargo."
|
|
"toml):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"bitflags = \"1\"\n"
|
|
"cfg-if = \"1\"\n"
|
|
"cxx = \"1\"\n"
|
|
"# lots more...\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As with any other `Cargo.toml`, you can specify [more details about the "
|
|
"dependencies](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/specifying-"
|
|
"dependencies.html) --- most commonly, you'll want to specify the `features` "
|
|
"that you wish to enable in the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-cargo-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When adding a crate to Chromium, you'll often need to provide some extra "
|
|
"information in an additional file, `gnrt_config.toml`, which we'll meet next."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Alongside `Cargo.toml` is [`gnrt_config.toml`](https://source.chromium.org/"
|
|
"chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/gnrt_config."
|
|
"toml). This contains Chromium-specific extensions to crate handling."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you add a new crate, you should specify at least the `group`. This is one "
|
|
"of:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid "For instance,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Depending on the crate source code layout, you may also need to use this "
|
|
"file to specify where its `LICENSE` file(s) can be found."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Later, we'll see some other things you will need to configure in this file "
|
|
"to resolve problems."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A tool called `gnrt` knows how to download crates and how to generate `BUILD."
|
|
"gn` rules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid "To start, download the crate you want like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Although the `gnrt` tool is part of the Chromium source code, by running "
|
|
"this command you will be downloading and running its dependencies from "
|
|
"`crates.io`. See [the earlier section](../cargo.md) discussing this security "
|
|
"decision."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid "This `vendor` command may download:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Your crate"
|
|
msgstr "Lăzi (crates) utile"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Direct and transitive dependencies"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"New versions of other crates, as required by `cargo` to resolve the complete "
|
|
"set of crates required by Chromium."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/downloading-crates.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Chromium maintains patches for some crates, kept in `//third_party/rust/"
|
|
"chromium_crates_io/patches`. These will be reapplied automatically, but if "
|
|
"patching fails you may need to take manual action."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once you've downloaded the crate, generate the `BUILD.gn` files like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "Now run `git status`. You should find:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At least one new crate source code in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/"
|
|
"vendor`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At least one new `BUILD.gn` in `third_party/rust/<crate name>/v<major semver "
|
|
"version>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid "An appropriate `README.chromium`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"major semver version\" is a [Rust \"semver\" version number](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/semver.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A se vedea [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout."
|
|
"html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Take a close look, especially at the things generated in `third_party/rust`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/generating-gn-build-rules.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Talk a little about semver --- and specifically the way that in Chromium "
|
|
"it's to allow multiple incompatible versions of a crate, which is "
|
|
"discouraged but sometimes necessary in the Cargo ecosystem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If your build fails, it may be because of a `build.rs`: programs which do "
|
|
"arbitrary things at build time. This is fundamentally at odds with the "
|
|
"design of `gn` and `ninja` which aim for static, deterministic, build rules "
|
|
"to maximize parallelism and repeatability of builds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some `build.rs` actions are automatically supported; others require action:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "build script effect"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Supported by our gn templates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Work required by you"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Checking rustc version to configure features on and off"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "None"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Checking platform or CPU to configure features on and off"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Generating code"
|
|
msgstr "Produse generice"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Yes - specify in `gnrt_config.toml`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Building C/C++"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Patch around it"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid "Arbitrary other actions"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Fortunately, most crates don't contain a build script, and fortunately, most "
|
|
"build scripts only do the top two actions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `ninja` complains about missing files, check the `build.rs` to see if it "
|
|
"writes source code files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If so, modify [`gnrt_config.toml`](../configuring-gnrt-config-toml.md) to "
|
|
"add `build-script-outputs` to the crate. If this is a transitive dependency, "
|
|
"that is, one on which Chromium code should not directly depend, also add "
|
|
"`allow-first-party-usage=false`. There are several examples already in that "
|
|
"file:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[crate.unicode-linebreak]\n"
|
|
"allow-first-party-usage = false\n"
|
|
"build-script-outputs = [\"tables.rs\"]\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-generate-code.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now rerun [`gnrt.py -- gen`](../generating-gn-build-rules.md) to regenerate "
|
|
"`BUILD.gn` files to inform ninja that this particular output file is input "
|
|
"to subsequent build steps."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some crates use the [`cc`](https://crates.io/crates/cc) crate to build and "
|
|
"link C/C++ libraries. Other crates parse C/C++ using [`bindgen`](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/crates/bindgen) within their build scripts. These actions can't be "
|
|
"supported in a Chromium context --- our gn, ninja and LLVM build system is "
|
|
"very specific in expressing relationships between build actions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid "So, your options are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid "Avoid these crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid "Apply a patch to the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/resolving-problems/build-scripts-which-take-arbitrary-actions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Patches should be kept in `third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io/patches/"
|
|
"<crate>` - see for example the [patches against the `cxx` crate](https://"
|
|
"source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/rust/"
|
|
"chromium_crates_io/patches/cxx/) - and will be applied automatically by "
|
|
"`gnrt` each time it upgrades the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once you've added a third-party crate and generated build rules, depending "
|
|
"on a crate is simple. Find your `rust_static_library` target, and add a "
|
|
"`dep` on the `:lib` target within your crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Specifically,"
|
|
msgstr "Specific sistemului de operare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" +------------+ +----------------------+\n"
|
|
"\"//third_party/rust\" | crate name | \"/v\" | major semver version | \":"
|
|
"lib\"\n"
|
|
" +------------+ +----------------------+\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/depending-on-a-crate.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gn\n"
|
|
"rust_static_library(\"my_rust_lib\") {\n"
|
|
" crate_root = \"lib.rs\"\n"
|
|
" sources = [ \"lib.rs\" ]\n"
|
|
" deps = [ \"//third_party/rust/example_rust_crate/v1:lib\" ]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid "Auditing Third Party Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Adding new libraries is subject to Chromium's standard [policies](https://"
|
|
"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/docs/rust."
|
|
"md#Third_party-review), but of course also subject to security review. As "
|
|
"you may be bringing in not just a single crate but also transitive "
|
|
"dependencies, there may be a lot of code to review. On the other hand, safe "
|
|
"Rust code can have limited negative side effects. How should you review it?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Over time Chromium aims to move to a process based around [cargo vet]"
|
|
"(https://mozilla.github.io/cargo-vet/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Meanwhile, for each new crate addition, we are checking for the following:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Understand why each crate is used. What's the relationship between crates? "
|
|
"If the build system for each crate contains a `build.rs` or procedural "
|
|
"macros, work out what they're for. Are they compatible with the way Chromium "
|
|
"is normally built?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid "Check each crate seems to be reasonably well maintained"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `cd third-party/rust/chromium_crates_io; cargo audit` to check for known "
|
|
"vulnerabilities (first you'll need to `cargo install cargo-audit`, which "
|
|
"ironically involves downloading lots of dependencies from the internet[2](../"
|
|
"cargo.md))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure any `unsafe` code is good enough for the [Rule of Two](https://"
|
|
"chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/security/rule-of-2."
|
|
"md#unsafe-code-in-safe-languages)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid "Check for any use of `fs` or `net` APIs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Read all the code at a sufficient level to look for anything out of place "
|
|
"that might have been maliciously inserted. (You can't realistically aim for "
|
|
"100% perfection here: there's often just too much code.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/reviews-and-audits.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These are just guidelines --- work with reviewers from `security@chromium."
|
|
"org` to work out the right way to become confident of the crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid "Checking Crates into Chromium Source Code"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid "`git status` should reveal:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid "Crate code in `//third_party/rust/chromium_crates_io`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Metadata (`BUILD.gn` and `README.chromium`) in `//third_party/rust/<crate>/"
|
|
"<version>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid "Please also add an `OWNERS` file in the latter location."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should land all this, along with your `Cargo.toml` and `gnrt_config."
|
|
"toml` changes, into the Chromium repo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"**Important**: you need to use `git add -f` because otherwise `.gitignore` "
|
|
"files may result in some files being skipped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/checking-in.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As you do so, you might find presubmit checks fail because of non-inclusive "
|
|
"language. This is because Rust crate data tends to include names of git "
|
|
"branches, and many projects still use non-inclusive terminology there. So "
|
|
"you may need to run:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/chromium/adding-third-party-crates/keeping-up-to-date.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As the OWNER of any third party Chromium dependency, you are [expected to "
|
|
"keep it up to date with any security fixes](https://chromium.googlesource."
|
|
"com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/adding_to_third_party.md#add-owners). It is "
|
|
"hoped that we will soon automate this for Rust crates, but for now, it's "
|
|
"still your responsibility just as it is for any other third party dependency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add [uwuify](https://crates.io/crates/uwuify) to Chromium, turning off the "
|
|
"crate's [default features](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/"
|
|
"features.html#the-default-feature). Assume that the crate will be used in "
|
|
"shipping Chromium, but won't be used to handle untrustworthy input."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(In the next exercise we'll use uwuify from Chromium, but feel free to skip "
|
|
"ahead and do that now if you like. Or, you could create a new "
|
|
"[`rust_executable` target](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/"
|
|
"+/main:build/rust/rust_executable.gni) which uses `uwuify`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "Students will need to download lots of transitive dependencies."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "The total crates needed are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`instant`,"
|
|
msgstr "Constant"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`lock_api`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`parking_lot`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`parking_lot_core`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`redox_syscall`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`scopeguard`,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`smallvec`, and"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid "`uwuify`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students are downloading even more than that, they probably forgot to "
|
|
"turn off the default features."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/third-party.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Thanks to [Daniel Liu](https://github.com/Daniel-Liu-c0deb0t) for this crate!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid "Bringing It Together --- Exercise"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you're going to add a whole new Chromium feature, bringing "
|
|
"together everything you already learned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid "The Brief from Product Management"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A community of pixies has been discovered living in a remote rainforest. "
|
|
"It's important that we get Chromium for Pixies delivered to them as soon as "
|
|
"possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The requirement is to translate all Chromium's UI strings into Pixie "
|
|
"language."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There's not time to wait for proper translations, but fortunately pixie "
|
|
"language is very close to English, and it turns out there's a Rust crate "
|
|
"which does the translation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In fact, you already [imported that crate in the previous exercise](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/crates/uwuify)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(Obviously, real translations of Chrome require incredible care and "
|
|
"diligence. Don't ship this!)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid "Steps"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modify `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` so that it uwuifies all "
|
|
"strings before display. In this special build of Chromium, it should always "
|
|
"do this irrespective of the setting of `mangle_localized_strings_`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you've done everything right across all these exercises, congratulations, "
|
|
"you should have created Chrome for pixies!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"UTF16 vs UTF8. Students should be aware that Rust strings are always UTF8, "
|
|
"and will probably decide that it's better to do the conversion on the C++ "
|
|
"side using `base::UTF16ToUTF8` and back again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students decide to do the conversion on the Rust side, they'll need to "
|
|
"consider [`String::from_utf16`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct."
|
|
"String.html#method.from_utf16), consider error handling, and consider which "
|
|
"[CXX supported types can transfer a lot of u16s](https://cxx.rs/binding/"
|
|
"slice.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Students may design the C++/Rust boundary in several different ways, e.g. "
|
|
"taking and returning strings by value, or taking a mutable reference to a "
|
|
"string. If a mutable reference is used, CXX will likely tell the student "
|
|
"that they need to use [`Pin`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/pin/). You may "
|
|
"need to explain what `Pin` does, and then explain why CXX needs it for "
|
|
"mutable references to C++ data: the answer is that C++ data can't be moved "
|
|
"around like Rust data, because it may contain self-referential pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The C++ target containing `ResourceBundle::MaybeMangleLocalizedString` will "
|
|
"need to depend on a `rust_static_library` target. The student probably "
|
|
"already did this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/bringing-it-together.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `rust_static_library` target will need to depend on `//third_party/rust/"
|
|
"uwuify/v0_2:lib`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/chromium/solutions.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Solutions to the Chromium exercises can be found in [this series of CLs]"
|
|
"(https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5096560)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Bare Metal Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit la Bare Metal Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people "
|
|
"who are familiar with the basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the "
|
|
"Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some experience with bare-"
|
|
"metal programming in some other language such as C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acesta este un curs independent de o zi despre Rust, care se adresează "
|
|
"persoanelor care sunt familiarizate cu elementele de bază ale Rust (poate în "
|
|
"urma absolvirii cursului Comprehensive Rust) și care, în mod ideal, au și o "
|
|
"anumită experiență în programarea bare-metal într-un alt limbaj, cum ar fi C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS "
|
|
"underneath us. This will be divided into several parts:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Astăzi vom vorbi despre Rust \"bare-metal\": rularea codului Rust fără un "
|
|
"sistem de operare sub noi. Acest subiect va fi împărțit în mai multe părți:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "What is `no_std` Rust?"
|
|
msgstr "Ce este `no_std` Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Writing firmware for microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr "Scrierea de firmware pentru microcontrolere."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors."
|
|
msgstr "Scrierea codului bootloader / kernel pentru procesoarele de aplicații."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development."
|
|
msgstr "Câteva lădițe utile pentru dezvoltarea Rust pe suport metalic gol."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit]"
|
|
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 as an example. It's a [development board](https://"
|
|
"tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic nRF51822 microcontroller "
|
|
"with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and "
|
|
"an on-board SWD debugger."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru partea de microcontroler a cursului vom folosi [BBC micro:bit]"
|
|
"(https://microbit.org/) v2 ca exemplu. Este o [placă de dezvoltare](https://"
|
|
"tech.microbit.org/hardware/) bazată pe microcontrolerul Nordic nRF51822 cu "
|
|
"câteva LED-uri și butoane, un accelerometru și o busolă conectate I2C și un "
|
|
"depanator SWD la bord."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru a începe, instalați câteva instrumente de care vom avea nevoie mai "
|
|
"târziu. Pe gLinux sau Debian:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Și oferiți utilizatorilor din grupul `plugdev` acces la programatorul micro:"
|
|
"bit:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "On MacOS:"
|
|
msgstr "Pe MacOS:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`core`"
|
|
msgstr "`core`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`std`"
|
|
msgstr "`std`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`"
|
|
msgstr "Slices, `&str`, `CStr`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`NonZeroU8`..."
|
|
msgstr "`NonZeroU8`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Option`, `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "`Opțiune`, `Rezultat`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..."
|
|
msgstr "`Display`, `Debug`, `write!`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..."
|
|
msgstr "`panic!`, `assert_eq!`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions"
|
|
msgstr "`NonNull` și toate funcțiile obișnuite legate de pointer"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Future` and `async`/`await`"
|
|
msgstr "`Future` și `async`/`await`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..."
|
|
msgstr "`fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Duration`"
|
|
msgstr "`Durată`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`"
|
|
msgstr "`Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`String`, `CString`, `format!`"
|
|
msgstr "`String`, `CString`, `format!`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Error`"
|
|
msgstr "`Error`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`"
|
|
msgstr "`Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`File` and the rest of `fs`"
|
|
msgstr "`File` și restul de `fs`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`"
|
|
msgstr "`println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` și restul de `io`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Path`, `OsString`"
|
|
msgstr "`Path`, `OsString`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`net`"
|
|
msgstr "`net`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`"
|
|
msgstr "`Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`"
|
|
msgstr "`spawn`, `sleep` și restul de `thread`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`SystemTime`, `Instant`"
|
|
msgstr "`SystemTime`, `Instant`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`HashMap` depends on RNG."
|
|
msgstr "`HashMap` depinde de RNG."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr "`std` reexportă conținutul atât al lui `core` cât și al lui `alloc`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A minimal `no_std` program"
|
|
msgstr "Un program minimal `no_std`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This will compile to an empty binary."
|
|
msgstr "Aceasta va compila un binar gol."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std` oferă un gestionar de panică; în lipsa acestuia, trebuie să ne "
|
|
"furnizăm propriul gestionar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`."
|
|
msgstr "Acesta poate fi furnizat și de o altă ladă, cum ar fi `panic-halt`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to "
|
|
"avoid an error about `eh_personality`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În funcție de țintă, este posibil să fie nevoie să compilați cu `panic = "
|
|
"\"abort\"` pentru a evita o eroare cu privire la `eh_personality`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to "
|
|
"define your own entry point. This will typically involve a linker script and "
|
|
"some assembly code to set things up ready for Rust code to run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți că nu există niciun `main` sau alt punct de intrare; depinde de "
|
|
"dumneavoastră să vă definiți propriul punct de intrare. Acest lucru va "
|
|
"implica, de obicei, un script de linker și ceva cod de asamblare pentru a "
|
|
"pregăti lucrurile pentru a permite rularea codului Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To use `alloc` you must implement a [global (heap) allocator](https://doc."
|
|
"rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru a utiliza `alloc` trebuie să implementați un [alocator global (heap)]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called once.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid "// Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
msgid "// Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"A string\""
|
|
msgstr "șir:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy "
|
|
"system allocator. Other crates are available, or you can write your own or "
|
|
"hook into your existing allocator."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`buddy_system_allocator` este un crate terț care implementează un alocator "
|
|
"de bază pentru sistemul de prieteni. Sunt disponibile și alte crates, sau "
|
|
"puteți să vă scrieți propriul alocator sau să vă conectați la alocatorul "
|
|
"existent."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. "
|
|
"in this case it can allocate regions of up to 2\\*\\*32 bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Parametrul const al `LockedHeap` este ordinea maximă a alocatorului; adică, "
|
|
"în acest caz, acesta poate aloca regiuni de până la 2\\*\\*32 octeți."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have "
|
|
"exactly one global allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in "
|
|
"the top-level binary crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă orice crate din arborele de dependență depinde de `alloc`, atunci "
|
|
"trebuie să aveți exact un alocator global definit în binarul dumneavoastră. "
|
|
"De obicei, acest lucru se face în crate-ul binar de nivel superior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` "
|
|
"crate is linked in so we get its panic handler."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`extern crate panic_halt as _` este necesar pentru a ne asigura că crate-ul "
|
|
"`panic_halt` este legat, astfel încât să obținem gestionarul de panică al "
|
|
"acestuia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest exemplu va fi construit, dar nu va fi executat, deoarece nu are un "
|
|
"punct de intrare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for "
|
|
"Cortex M microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crate `cortex_m_rt` oferă (printre altele) un gestionar de resetare pentru "
|
|
"microcontrolerele Cortex M."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of "
|
|
"abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În continuare, vom examina modul de accesare a perifericelor, cu niveluri de "
|
|
"abstractizare din ce în ce mai mari."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -"
|
|
"> !`, because returning to the reset handler doesn't make sense."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Macroul `cortex_m_rt::entry` necesită ca funcția să aibă tipul `fn() -> !`, "
|
|
"deoarece întoarcerea la gestionarul de resetare nu are sens."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
|
|
msgstr "Rulați exemplul cu `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try "
|
|
"turning on an LED on our micro:bit:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Majoritatea microcontrolerelor accesează perifericele prin intermediul IO "
|
|
"mapate în memorie. Să încercăm să aprindem un LED pe micro:bit-ul nostru:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid "// PIN_CNF fields\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
msgid "// Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n"
|
|
" // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
msgid "// Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 "
|
|
"to the first row."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pinul 21 al GPIO 0 este conectat la prima coloană a matricei de LED-uri, iar "
|
|
"pinul 28 la primul rând."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Run the example with:"
|
|
msgstr "Rulați exemplul cu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Peripheral Access Crates"
|
|
msgstr "Lăzi de acces periferic"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust "
|
|
"wrappers for memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/"
|
|
"pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html) files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generează învelișuri Rust în "
|
|
"mare parte sigure pentru perifericele cu memorie mapă din fișierele [CMSIS-"
|
|
"SVD](https://www.keil.com/pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by "
|
|
"silicon vendors which describe the memory map of the device."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fișierele SVD (System View Description) sunt fișiere XML furnizate de obicei "
|
|
"de furnizorii de siliciu care descriu harta de memorie a dispozitivului."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, "
|
|
"descriptions, addresses and so on."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acestea sunt organizate în funcție de periferic, registru, câmp și valoare, "
|
|
"cu nume, descrieri, adrese etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects "
|
|
"which patch the mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated "
|
|
"crates."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fișierele SVD sunt deseori eronate și incomplete, așa că există diverse "
|
|
"proiecte care corectează greșelile, adaugă detaliile lipsă și publică "
|
|
"lădițele generate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things."
|
|
msgstr "`cortex-m-rt` furnizează, printre altele, tabelul vectorial."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run `cargo objdump --bin "
|
|
"pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă instalați `cargo install cargo-binutils` atunci puteți rula `cargo "
|
|
"objdump --bin pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` pentru a vedea binarul rezultat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "HAL crates"
|
|
msgstr "Lăzi HAL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
|
|
"implementation-crates) for many microcontrollers provide wrappers around "
|
|
"various peripherals. These generally implement traits from [`embedded-hal`]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-"
|
|
"implementation-crates) pentru multe microcontrolere oferă învelișuri în "
|
|
"jurul diferitelor periferice. Acestea implementează în general trăsături din "
|
|
"[`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
msgid "// Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`set_low` și `set_high` sunt metode ale trăsăturii `OutputPin` "
|
|
"`embedded_hal`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various "
|
|
"STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"HAL crates există pentru multe dispozitive Cortex-M și RISC-V, inclusiv "
|
|
"pentru diverse microcontrolere STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP, MSP430, AVR și PIC."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Board support crates"
|
|
msgstr "Suport de bord lăzi"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific "
|
|
"board for convenience."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Lăzile de susținere a plăcilor oferă un nivel suplimentar de împachetare "
|
|
"pentru o anumită placă, pentru mai multă comoditate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, "
|
|
"and a bit of initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În acest caz, suportul pentru plăci oferă doar nume mai utile și o mică "
|
|
"inițializare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the "
|
|
"microcontroller itself."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De asemenea, pachetul poate include drivere pentru unele dispozitive de la "
|
|
"bord în afara microcontrolerului propriu-zis."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix."
|
|
msgstr "`microbit-v2` include un driver simplu pentru matricea de LED-uri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The type state pattern"
|
|
msgstr "Modelul de stare de tip"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
msgid "// let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
msgid "// pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can "
|
|
"exist. Once a pin is moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pinii nu implementează `Copy` sau `Clone`, astfel încât poate exista doar o "
|
|
"singură instanță a fiecăruia. Odată ce un pin este mutat din structura "
|
|
"portului, nimeni altcineva nu îl poate lua."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you "
|
|
"can’t keep use the old instance afterwards."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Schimbarea configurației unui pin consumă vechea instanță de pin, astfel "
|
|
"încât nu mai puteți continua să folosiți vechea instanță după aceea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, "
|
|
"the configuration state of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into "
|
|
"the type system, and ensures that you don't try to use a pin in a certain "
|
|
"way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state transitions are "
|
|
"caught at compile time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipul unei valori indică starea în care se află aceasta: de exemplu, în "
|
|
"acest caz, starea de configurare a unui pin GPIO. Acest lucru codifică "
|
|
"mașina de stare în sistemul de tipuri și garantează că nu încercați să "
|
|
"utilizați un pin într-un anumit mod fără să-l configurați mai întâi în mod "
|
|
"corespunzător. Tranzițiile de stare ilegale sunt detectate în momentul "
|
|
"compilării."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but "
|
|
"not vice-versa."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți apela `is_high` pe un pin de intrare și `set_high` pe un pin de "
|
|
"ieșire, dar nu și invers."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Many HAL crates follow this pattern."
|
|
msgstr "Multe lăzi HAL urmează acest model."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a "
|
|
"number of traits covering common microcontroller peripherals."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crăiasa [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) oferă o "
|
|
"serie de caracteristici care acoperă perifericele comune ale "
|
|
"microcontrolerului."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "GPIO"
|
|
msgstr "GPIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "ADC"
|
|
msgstr "ADC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN"
|
|
msgstr "I2C, SPI, UART, CAN"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "RNG"
|
|
msgstr "RNG"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Timers"
|
|
msgstr "Cronometre"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Watchdogs"
|
|
msgstr "Câini de pază"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Other crates then implement [drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/"
|
|
"awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these traits, e.g. an "
|
|
"accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Alte crates implementează apoi [drivere](https://github.com/rust-embedded/"
|
|
"awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) în funcție de aceste caracteristici, de "
|
|
"exemplu, un driver pentru accelerometru poate avea nevoie de o implementare "
|
|
"a bus-ului I2C sau SPI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other "
|
|
"platforms such as Linux on Raspberry Pi."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Există implementări pentru multe microcontrolere, precum și pentru alte "
|
|
"platforme, cum ar fi Linux pe Raspberry Pi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it "
|
|
"isn't stable yet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se lucrează în prezent la o versiune `async` a `embedded-hal`, dar nu este "
|
|
"încă stabilă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, "
|
|
"like OpenOCD but better integrated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) este un set de instrumente utile pentru "
|
|
"depanarea embedded, precum OpenOCD, dar mai bine integrat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"SWD (Serial Wire Debug) and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"SWD (Serial Wire Debug) și JTAG prin sonde CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link și J-Link"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "GDB stub and Microsoft DAP (Debug Adapter Protocol) server"
|
|
msgstr "GDB stub și serverul Microsoft DAP (Debug Adapter Protocol)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Cargo integration"
|
|
msgstr "Integrarea încărcăturii"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log RTT "
|
|
"(Real Time Transfers) output and connect GDB. It's configured by an `Embed."
|
|
"toml` file in your project directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`cargo-embed` este o subcomandă cargo pentru a construi și afișa binare, a "
|
|
"înregistra ieșirea RTT (Real Time Transfers) și a conecta GDB. Este "
|
|
"configurată de un fișier `Embed.toml` din directorul proiectului "
|
|
"dumneavoastră."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is "
|
|
"an Arm standard protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the "
|
|
"CoreSight Debug Access Port of various Arm Cortex processors. It's what the "
|
|
"on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) este "
|
|
"un protocol standard Arm prin USB pentru ca un depanator in-circuit să "
|
|
"acceseze portul de acces la depanare CoreSight al diferitelor procesoare Arm "
|
|
"Cortex. Este ceea ce folosește depanatorul de bord de pe BBC micro:bit."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link "
|
|
"is a range from SEGGER."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"ST-Link este o gamă de depanatoare în circuit de la ST Microelectronics, iar "
|
|
"J-Link este o gamă de la SEGGER."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin "
|
|
"Serial Wire Debug."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Portul de acces pentru depanare este, de obicei, fie o interfață JTAG cu 5 "
|
|
"pini, fie o interfață de depanare prin cablu serial cu 2 pini."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you "
|
|
"want to."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"probe-rs este o bibliotecă pe care o puteți integra în propriile "
|
|
"instrumente, dacă doriți."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-"
|
|
"adapter-protocol/) lets VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any "
|
|
"supported microcontroller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-adapter-"
|
|
"protocol/) permite VSCode și altor IDE-uri să depaneze codul care rulează pe "
|
|
"orice microcontroler acceptat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library."
|
|
msgstr "cargo-embed este un binar construit folosind biblioteca probe-rs."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug "
|
|
"host and the target through a number of ringbuffers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"RTT (Real Time Transfers) este un mecanism de transfer de date între gazda "
|
|
"de depanare și țintă prin intermediul unui număr de ringbufferi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_Embed.toml_:"
|
|
msgstr "_Embed.toml_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
|
|
msgstr "Într-un terminal, sub `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:"
|
|
msgstr "Într-un alt terminal din același director:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "On gLinux or Debian:"
|
|
msgstr "Pe gLinux sau Debian:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In GDB, try running:"
|
|
msgstr "În GDB, încercați să rulați:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Other projects"
|
|
msgstr "Alte proiecte"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)"
|
|
msgstr "[RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\""
|
|
msgstr "\"Concurrența în timp real bazată pe întreruperi\""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Gestionarea resurselor partajate, trecerea mesajelor, programarea "
|
|
"sarcinilor, coada de timp"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)"
|
|
msgstr "[Ambasada](https://embassy.dev/)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB"
|
|
msgstr "executori `async` cu priorități, cronometre, rețea, USB"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)"
|
|
msgstr "[TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit "
|
|
"support"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"RTOS axat pe securitate, cu programare preemptivă și suport pentru unitatea "
|
|
"de protecție a memoriei"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)"
|
|
msgstr "[Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, "
|
|
"unprivileged drivers, IPC"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Microkernel RTOS de la Oxide Computer Company cu protecție de memorie, "
|
|
"drivere neprivilegiate, IPC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)"
|
|
msgstr "[Legături pentru FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g. [esp-idf](https://esp-rs."
|
|
"github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unele platforme au implementări `std`, de exemplu [esp-idf](https://esp-rs."
|
|
"github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework."
|
|
msgstr "RTIC poate fi considerat fie un RTOS, fie un cadru de concurență."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "It doesn't include any HALs."
|
|
msgstr "Nu include niciun HAL."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for "
|
|
"scheduling rather than a proper kernel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acesta utilizează Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) pentru "
|
|
"programare, în loc de un kernel propriu-zis."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Cortex-M only."
|
|
msgstr "Numai Cortex-M."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Google folosește TockOS pe microcontrolerul Haven pentru cheile de "
|
|
"securitate Titan."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing "
|
|
"applications."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"FreeRTOS este scris în mare parte în C, dar există legături Rust pentru "
|
|
"scrierea de aplicații."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
|
|
"serial port."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vom citi direcția de la o busolă I2C și vom înregistra citirile pe un port "
|
|
"serial."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-"
|
|
"morning.md) provided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"După ce ați studiat exercițiile, puteți consulta [soluții](solutions-morning."
|
|
"md) furnizate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a "
|
|
"serial port. If you have time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or "
|
|
"use the buttons somehow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vom citi direcția de la o busolă I2C și vom înregistra citirile pe un port "
|
|
"serial. Dacă aveți timp, încercați să o afișați cumva și pe LED-uri sau să "
|
|
"folosiți cumva butoanele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Hints:"
|
|
msgstr "Sugestii:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/"
|
|
"latest/lsm303agr/) and [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/"
|
|
"microbit/) crates, as well as the [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit."
|
|
"org/hardware/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consultați documentația pentru pachetele [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"lsm303agr/latest/lsm303agr/) și [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/"
|
|
"latest/microbit/), precum și pentru [micro:bit hardware](https://tech."
|
|
"microbit.org/hardware/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unitatea de măsurare inerțială LSM303AGR este conectată la magistrala "
|
|
"internă I2C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"TWI este un alt nume pentru I2C, astfel încât perifericul master I2C se "
|
|
"numește TWIM."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::"
|
|
"blocking::i2c::WriteRead` trait. The [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct implements this."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Driverul LSM303AGR are nevoie de ceva care să implementeze trăsătura "
|
|
"`embedded_hal::blocking::i2c::WriteRead`. Structura [`microbit::hal::Twim`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) "
|
|
"implementează acest lucru."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/"
|
|
"struct.Board.html) struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aveți o structură [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/"
|
|
"microbit/struct.Board.html) cu câmpuri pentru diverși pini și periferice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also look at the [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi."
|
|
"com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but it shouldn't be necessary for "
|
|
"this exercise."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă doriți, puteți consulta și [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter."
|
|
"nordicsemi.com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf), dar nu ar trebui să fie necesar "
|
|
"pentru acest exercițiu."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
|
|
"look in the `compass` directory for the following files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Descărcați [șablonul de exerciții] (../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) "
|
|
"și căutați în directorul `compass` următoarele fișiere."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// Use the system timer as a delay provider.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
" // TODO\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"Ready.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
" // TODO\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_Cargo.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "_Cargo.toml_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_Embed.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "_Embed.toml_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_.cargo/config.toml_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_.cargo/config.toml_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:"
|
|
msgstr "Vedeți ieșirea serială pe Linux cu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sau, pe Mac OS, ceva de genul (numele dispozitivului poate fi ușor diferit):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom."
|
|
msgstr "Folosiți Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q pentru a ieși din picocom."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Exercițiu de dimineață Bare Metal Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"Setting up IMU...\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// Set up display and timer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink all "
|
|
"LEDs\n"
|
|
" // on.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Application processors"
|
|
msgstr "Procesoare de aplicații"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. "
|
|
"Now let's try writing something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work "
|
|
"with QEMU's aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/"
|
|
"virt.html) board."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Până acum am vorbit despre microcontrolere, cum ar fi seria Arm Cortex-M. "
|
|
"Acum să încercăm să scriem ceva pentru Cortex-A. Pentru simplitate, vom "
|
|
"lucra doar cu placa aarch64 ['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/"
|
|
"system/arm/virt.html) a lui QEMU."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of "
|
|
"privilege (exception levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application "
|
|
"processors do."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În linii mari, microcontrolerele nu au un MMU sau mai multe niveluri de "
|
|
"privilegii (niveluri de excepție la procesoarele Arm, inele la x86), în timp "
|
|
"ce procesoarele de aplicații au."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each "
|
|
"architecture. The 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real "
|
|
"hardware, but is designed purely for virtual machines."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"QEMU suportă emularea mai multor mașini sau modele de plăci diferite pentru "
|
|
"fiecare arhitectură. Placa \"virt\" nu corespunde unui anumit hardware real, "
|
|
"ci este concepută exclusiv pentru mașini virtuale."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Before we can start running Rust code, we need to do some initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Înainte de a începe să rulăm codul Rust, trebuie să facem o anumită "
|
|
"inițializare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"entry:\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable "
|
|
"MMU and\n"
|
|
" * caches.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" adrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
" msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
" msr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
" /* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
" mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
" bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" msr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate "
|
|
"any\n"
|
|
" * potentially stale local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
" tlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
" ic iallu\n"
|
|
" dsb nsh\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
|
|
"this\n"
|
|
" * has completed.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" msr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
|
|
" mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
" orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
" msr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
|
|
" adr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
" adr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0: cmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
" b.hs 1f\n"
|
|
" stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
" b 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1: /* Prepare the stack. */\n"
|
|
" adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
" mov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Set up exception vector. */\n"
|
|
" adr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
" msr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Call into Rust code. */\n"
|
|
" bl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
|
|
"2: wfi\n"
|
|
" b 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"intrare:\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Încărcați și aplicați configurația de gestionare a memoriei, "
|
|
"pregătită pentru a activa MMU și\n"
|
|
" * memoria cache.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" adrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
" msr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
" msr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
" /* Copiază intervalul PA acceptat în TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
" mrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
" bfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" msr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Asigură-te că tot ceea ce a precedat acest punct s-a finalizat, apoi "
|
|
"invalidează orice\n"
|
|
" * toate intrările TLB locale potențial vechi înainte de a începe să fie "
|
|
"utilizate.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
" tlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
" ic iallu\n"
|
|
" dsb nsh\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /*\n"
|
|
" * Configurați sctlr_el1 pentru a activa MMU și memoria cache și nu "
|
|
"continuați până când acest lucru\n"
|
|
" * nu este finalizată.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
" msr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Dezactivează captarea accesului în virgulă mobilă în EL1. */\n"
|
|
" mrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
" orr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
" msr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
" isb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Elimină secțiunea bss. */\n"
|
|
" adr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
" adr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0: cmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
" b.hs 1f\n"
|
|
" stp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
" b 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1: /* Pregătește stiva. */\n"
|
|
" adr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
" mov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Setează vectorul de excepție. */\n"
|
|
" adr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
" msr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Apel în codul Rust. */\n"
|
|
" bl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /* Buclă veșnică în așteptarea întreruperilor. */\n"
|
|
"2: wfi\n"
|
|
" b 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the same as it would be for C: initialising the processor state, "
|
|
"zeroing the BSS, and setting up the stack pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceasta este aceeași ca și în C: inițializarea stării procesorului, anularea "
|
|
"BSS și stabilirea pointerului de stivă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The BSS (block starting symbol, for historical reasons) is the part of the "
|
|
"object file which containing statically allocated variables which are "
|
|
"initialised to zero. They are omitted from the image, to avoid wasting space "
|
|
"on zeroes. The compiler assumes that the loader will take care of zeroing "
|
|
"them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"BSS (simbolul de pornire al blocului, din motive istorice) este partea din "
|
|
"fișierul obiect care conține variabilele alocate static care sunt "
|
|
"inițializate la zero. Acestea sunt omise din imagine, pentru a se evita "
|
|
"risipa de spațiu cu zerouri. Compilatorul pornește de la premisa că "
|
|
"încărcătorul se va ocupa de punerea lor la zero."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The BSS may already be zeroed, depending on how memory is initialised and "
|
|
"the image is loaded, but we zero it to be sure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este posibil ca BSS să fie deja zero, în funcție de modul în care memoria "
|
|
"este inițializată și imaginea este încărcată, dar trebuie să îl punem la "
|
|
"zero pentru a fi siguri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We need to enable the MMU and cache before reading or writing any memory. If "
|
|
"we don't:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Trebuie să activăm MMU și memoria cache înainte de a citi sau scrie în "
|
|
"memorie. Dacă nu o facem:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unaligned accesses will fault. We build the Rust code for the `aarch64-"
|
|
"unknown-none` target which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler "
|
|
"generating unaligned accesses, so it should be fine in this case, but this "
|
|
"is not necessarily the case in general."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Accesările nealiniate vor fi defectuoase. Noi construim codul Rust pentru "
|
|
"ținta `aarch64-unknown-none` care setează `+strict-align` pentru a preveni "
|
|
"compilatorul să genereze accese nealiniate, deci ar trebui să fie în regulă "
|
|
"în acest caz, dar nu este neapărat cazul în general."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
|
|
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
|
|
"while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
|
|
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
|
|
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost when the cache "
|
|
"is cleaned or the VM enables the cache. (Cache is keyed by physical address, "
|
|
"not VA or IPA.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă ar fi rulat într-o mașină virtuală, acest lucru poate duce la probleme "
|
|
"de coerență a memoriei cache. Problema constă în faptul că mașina virtuală "
|
|
"accesează memoria direct, cu memoria cache dezactivată, în timp ce gazda are "
|
|
"alias-uri care pot fi stocate în memoria cache pentru aceeași memorie. Chiar "
|
|
"dacă gazda nu accesează în mod explicit memoria, accesările speculative pot "
|
|
"duce la umplerea memoriei cache, iar apoi modificările de la unul sau de la "
|
|
"celălalt se vor pierde atunci când memoria cache este curățată sau când VM "
|
|
"activează memoria cache. (Memoria cache este codificată în funcție de adresa "
|
|
"fizică, nu de VA sau IPA)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For simplicity, we just use a hardcoded pagetable (see `idmap.S`) which "
|
|
"identity maps the first 1 GiB of address space for devices, the next 1 GiB "
|
|
"for DRAM, and another 1 GiB higher up for more devices. This matches the "
|
|
"memory layout that QEMU uses."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru simplitate, folosim doar o tabelă de pagini codificată (a se vedea "
|
|
"`idmap.S`) care mapează identitar primul 1 GiB de spațiu de adrese pentru "
|
|
"dispozitive, următorul 1 GiB pentru DRAM și încă 1 GiB mai sus pentru mai "
|
|
"multe dispozitive. Acest lucru se potrivește cu dispunerea memoriei pe care "
|
|
"o folosește QEMU."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We also set up the exception vector (`vbar_el1`), which we'll see more about "
|
|
"later."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De asemenea, am configurat vectorul de excepții (`vbar_el1`), despre care "
|
|
"vom vedea mai multe mai târziu."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/entry-point.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All examples this afternoon assume we will be running at exception level 1 "
|
|
"(EL1). If you need to run at a different exception level you'll need to "
|
|
"modify `entry.S` accordingly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Toate exemplele din această după-amiază presupun că vom funcționa la nivelul "
|
|
"de excepție 1 (EL1). Dacă aveți nevoie să rulați la un alt nivel de "
|
|
"excepție, va trebui să modificați `entry.S` în consecință."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Inline assembly"
|
|
msgstr "Ansamblu în linie"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with "
|
|
"Rust code. For example, to make an HVC (hypervisor call) to tell the "
|
|
"firmware to power off the system:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Uneori trebuie să folosim asamblarea pentru a face lucruri care nu sunt "
|
|
"posibile cu codul Rust. De exemplu, pentru a face un apel HVC (hypervisor "
|
|
"call) pentru a spune firmware-ului să oprească sistemul:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
|
|
" // anything with memory.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"hvc #0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w1\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w2\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w3\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w4\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w5\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w6\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
msgid "\"w7\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`](https://crates.io/crates/"
|
|
"smccc) crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"(Dacă doriți să faceți acest lucru, folosiți crăiasa [`smccc`](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/crates/smccc) care are învelișuri pentru toate aceste funcții.)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of "
|
|
"functions to manage system and CPU power states, among other things. It is "
|
|
"implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on many systems."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"PSCI este Interfața de coordonare a stării de alimentare a brațului, un set "
|
|
"standard de funcții pentru gestionarea stării de alimentare a sistemului și "
|
|
"a procesorului, printre altele. Este implementată de firmware-ul EL3 și de "
|
|
"hipervizoarele de pe multe sisteme."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the "
|
|
"inline assembly code, and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use "
|
|
"`inout` rather than `in` because the call could potentially clobber the "
|
|
"contents of the registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sintaxa `0 => _` înseamnă inițializarea registrului la 0 înainte de a rula "
|
|
"codul de asamblare în linie și ignorarea conținutului acestuia după aceea. "
|
|
"Trebuie să folosim mai degrabă `inout` decât `in` deoarece apelul ar putea "
|
|
"să distrugă conținutul registrelor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because "
|
|
"it is called from our entry point in `entry.S`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Această funcție `main` trebuie să fie `#[no_mangle]` și `extern \"C\"` "
|
|
"deoarece este apelată din punctul nostru de intrare în `entry.S`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally "
|
|
"used by the bootloader to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. "
|
|
"According to the standard aarch64 calling convention (which is what `extern "
|
|
"\"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the first 8 "
|
|
"arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything "
|
|
"special except make sure it doesn't change these registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`_x0`-`_x3` sunt valorile registrelor `x0`-`x3`, care sunt utilizate în mod "
|
|
"convențional de către bootloader pentru a transmite lucruri precum un "
|
|
"pointer la arborele de dispozitive. În conformitate cu convenția standard de "
|
|
"apelare aarch64 (care este cea pe care `extern \"C\"` specifică să o "
|
|
"folosească), registrele `x0`-`x7` sunt folosite pentru primele 8 argumente "
|
|
"transmise unei funcții, astfel încât `entry.S` nu trebuie să facă nimic "
|
|
"special, cu excepția faptului că trebuie să se asigure că nu modifică aceste "
|
|
"registre."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rulați exemplul în QEMU cu `make qemu_psci` în `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Volatile memory access for MMIO"
|
|
msgstr "Acces la memoria volatilă pentru MMIO"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`."
|
|
msgstr "Utilizați `pointer::read_volatile` și `pointer::write_volatile`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Never hold a reference."
|
|
msgstr "Nu țineți niciodată o referință."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate "
|
|
"reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`addr_of!` vă permite să obțineți câmpurile structurilor fără a crea o "
|
|
"referință intermediară."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent "
|
|
"the compiler or hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acces volatil: Operațiunile de citire sau scriere pot avea efecte secundare, "
|
|
"deci împiedicați compilatorul sau hardware-ul să le reordoneze, să le "
|
|
"dubleze sau să le eludeze."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the "
|
|
"compiler may assume that the value read is the same as the value just "
|
|
"written, and not bother actually reading memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De obicei, dacă scrieți și apoi citiți, de exemplu, prin intermediul unei "
|
|
"referințe mutabile, compilatorul poate presupune că valoarea citită este "
|
|
"aceeași cu cea care tocmai a fost scrisă și nu se mai obosește să citească "
|
|
"efectiv memoria."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but "
|
|
"this is unsound. Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to "
|
|
"dereference it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unele cutii existente pentru accesul volatil la hardware conțin referințe, "
|
|
"dar acest lucru nu este corect. Ori de câte ori există o referință, "
|
|
"compilatorul poate alege să o deregleze."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the "
|
|
"struct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați macroul `addr_of!` pentru a obține pointeri de câmpuri de "
|
|
"structură dintr-un pointer la structură."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Let's write a UART driver"
|
|
msgstr "Să scriem un driver UART"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g) UART, so let's write a driver for that."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mașina QEMU 'virt' are o UART [PL011](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g), așa că haideți să scriem un driver pentru aceasta."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
msgid "/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is "
|
|
"because as long as the caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety "
|
|
"requirements are met (i.e. that there is only ever one instance of the "
|
|
"driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space), then "
|
|
"it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the "
|
|
"necessary preconditions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți că `Uart::new` este nesigură, în timp ce celelalte metode sunt "
|
|
"sigure. Acest lucru se datorează faptului că, atâta timp cât apelantul lui "
|
|
"`Uart::new` garantează că cerințele sale de siguranță sunt îndeplinite (de "
|
|
"exemplu, că există doar o singură instanță a driverului pentru o anumită "
|
|
"UART și nimic altceva care să se alăture spațiului său de adrese), atunci "
|
|
"este întotdeauna sigur să apelăm mai târziu `write_byte`, deoarece putem "
|
|
"presupune condițiile prealabile necesare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but "
|
|
"`write_byte` unsafe), but that would be much less convenient to use as every "
|
|
"place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason about the safety"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Am fi putut face invers (făcând `new` sigur, dar `write_byte` nesigur), dar "
|
|
"ar fi fost mult mai puțin convenabil de utilizat, deoarece fiecare loc care "
|
|
"apelează `write_byte` ar trebui să se gândească la siguranța lui `write_byte`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving "
|
|
"the burden of proof for soundness from a large number of places to a smaller "
|
|
"number of places."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acesta este un model comun pentru scrierea de învelișuri sigure pentru cod "
|
|
"nesigur: mutarea sarcinii de a dovedi soliditatea de la un număr mare de "
|
|
"locuri la un număr mai mic de locuri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More traits"
|
|
msgstr "Mai multe trăsături"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more "
|
|
"traits too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Am derivat trăsătura `Debug`. Ar fi util să implementăm și alte câteva "
|
|
"trăsături."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our "
|
|
"`Uart` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Implementarea `Write` ne permite să folosim macrogramele `write!` și "
|
|
"`writeln!` cu tipul nostru `Uart`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rulați exemplul în QEMU cu `make qemu_minimal` în `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A better UART driver"
|
|
msgstr "Un driver UART mai bun"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), and adding "
|
|
"offsets to construct pointers to access them is error-prone and hard to "
|
|
"read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to access in a "
|
|
"structured way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"PL011 are de fapt [o grămadă de registre](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0183/g/programmers-model/summary-of-registers), iar "
|
|
"adăugarea de offset-uri pentru a construi pointeri pentru a le accesa este "
|
|
"predispusă la erori și greu de citit. În plus, unele dintre ele sunt câmpuri "
|
|
"de biți care ar fi frumos să fie accesate într-un mod structurat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "Offset"
|
|
msgstr "Decalaj"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Register name"
|
|
msgstr "Nume registru"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "Width"
|
|
msgstr "Lăţime"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x00"
|
|
msgstr "0x00"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "DR"
|
|
msgstr "DR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "12"
|
|
msgstr "12"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x04"
|
|
msgstr "0x04"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "RSR"
|
|
msgstr "RSR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x18"
|
|
msgstr "0x18"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "FR"
|
|
msgstr "V"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "9"
|
|
msgstr "9"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x20"
|
|
msgstr "0x20"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "ILPR"
|
|
msgstr "ILPR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x24"
|
|
msgstr "0x24"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "IBRD"
|
|
msgstr "IBRD"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "16"
|
|
msgstr "16"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x28"
|
|
msgstr "0x28"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "FBRD"
|
|
msgstr "FBRD"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x2c"
|
|
msgstr "0x2c"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "LCR_H"
|
|
msgstr "LCR_H"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x30"
|
|
msgstr "0x30"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "CR"
|
|
msgstr "GD"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x34"
|
|
msgstr "0x34"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "IFLS"
|
|
msgstr "IFLS"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x38"
|
|
msgstr "0x38"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "IMSC"
|
|
msgstr "IMSC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
msgid "11"
|
|
msgstr "11"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x3c"
|
|
msgstr "0x3c"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "RIS"
|
|
msgstr "RIS"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x40"
|
|
msgstr "0x40"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "MIS"
|
|
msgstr "MIS"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x44"
|
|
msgstr "0x44"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "ICR"
|
|
msgstr "ICR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "0x48"
|
|
msgstr "0x48"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "DMACR"
|
|
msgstr "DMACR"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Există, de asemenea, unele registre de identificare care au fost omise "
|
|
"pentru a fi mai scurte."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for "
|
|
"working with bitflags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crăiasa [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) este utilă pentru a "
|
|
"lucra cu bitflags."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along "
|
|
"with a bunch of method implementations to get and set flags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Macroul `bitflags!` creează un nou tip, ceva de genul `Flags(u16)`, împreună "
|
|
"cu o serie de implementări de metode pentru a obține și seta steaguri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Multiple registers"
|
|
msgstr "Registre multiple"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Putem folosi o structură pentru a reprezenta structura de memorie a "
|
|
"registrelor UART."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
|
|
"representation) tells the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, "
|
|
"following the same rules as C. This is necessary for our struct to have a "
|
|
"predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the compiler to "
|
|
"(among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-"
|
|
"representation) îi spune compilatorului să așeze câmpurile structurii în "
|
|
"ordine, urmând aceleași reguli ca și în C. Acest lucru este necesar pentru "
|
|
"ca structura noastră să aibă o dispunere previzibilă, deoarece reprezentarea "
|
|
"implicită Rust permite compilatorului (printre altele) să reordoneze "
|
|
"câmpurile după cum crede de cuviință."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver."
|
|
msgstr "Acum să folosim noua structură `Registers` în driverul nostru."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
msgid "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been\n"
|
|
" /// received.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual "
|
|
"fields without creating an intermediate reference, which would be unsound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți utilizarea lui `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` pentru a obține pointeri "
|
|
"la câmpuri individuale fără a crea o referință intermediară, ceea ce ar fi "
|
|
"nesigur."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Using it"
|
|
msgstr "Folosirea Cargo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, "
|
|
"and echo incoming bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Să scriem un mic program care utilizează driverul nostru pentru a scrie pe "
|
|
"consola serială și pentru a reda ecourile octeților care intră."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
msgid "\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
msgid "b'\\r'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "b'\\n'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
msgid "b'q'"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
msgid "\"Bye!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` "
|
|
"function is called from our entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker "
|
|
"notes there for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ca și în exemplul [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md), această funcție "
|
|
"`main` este apelată din codul punctului de intrare în `entry.S`. Pentru "
|
|
"detalii, consultați notele vorbitorului de acolo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rulați exemplul în QEMU cu `make qemu` în `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`]"
|
|
"(https://crates.io/crates/log) crate. We can do this by implementing the "
|
|
"`Log` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ar fi frumos să putem folosi macrogramele de logare de la [`log`](https://"
|
|
"crates.io/crates/log) crate. Putem face acest lucru prin implementarea "
|
|
"trăsăturii `Log`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"[{}] {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling "
|
|
"`set_logger`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Desfășurarea în `log` este sigură deoarece inițializăm `LOGGER` înainte de a "
|
|
"apela `set_logger`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it."
|
|
msgstr "Trebuie să inițializăm loggerul înainte de a-l utiliza."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"{info}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți că gestionarul nostru de panică poate acum să înregistreze "
|
|
"detaliile panicii."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rulați exemplul în QEMU cu `make qemu_logger` în `src/bare-metal/aps/"
|
|
"examples`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"AArch64 defines an exception vector table with 16 entries, for 4 types of "
|
|
"exceptions (synchronous, IRQ, FIQ, SError) from 4 states (current EL with "
|
|
"SP0, current EL with SPx, lower EL using AArch64, lower EL using AArch32). "
|
|
"We implement this in assembly to save volatile registers to the stack before "
|
|
"calling into Rust code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"AArch64 definește un tabel de vectori de excepții cu 16 intrări, pentru 4 "
|
|
"tipuri de excepții (sincronă, IRQ, FIQ, SError) din 4 stări (EL curent cu "
|
|
"SP0, EL curent cu SPx, EL inferior utilizând AArch64, EL inferior utilizând "
|
|
"AArch32). Implementăm acest lucru în asamblare pentru a salva registrele "
|
|
"volatile pe stivă înainte de a apela în codul Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "EL is exception level; all our examples this afternoon run in EL1."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"EL reprezintă nivelul de excepție; toate exemplele noastre din această după-"
|
|
"amiază rulează în EL1."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For simplicity we aren't distinguishing between SP0 and SPx for the current "
|
|
"EL exceptions, or between AArch32 and AArch64 for the lower EL exceptions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru simplificare, nu facem distincție între SP0 și SPx pentru excepțiile "
|
|
"EL curente, sau între AArch32 și AArch64 pentru excepțiile EL inferioare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this example we just log the exception and power down, as we don't "
|
|
"expect any of them to actually happen."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru acest exemplu, ne limităm la înregistrarea excepției și la oprirea "
|
|
"alimentării, deoarece nu ne așteptăm ca vreuna dintre acestea să se întâmple."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/exceptions.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We can think of exception handlers and our main execution context more or "
|
|
"less like different threads. [`Send` and `Sync`](../../concurrency/send-sync."
|
|
"md) will control what we can share between them, just like with threads. For "
|
|
"example, if we want to share some value between exception handlers and the "
|
|
"rest of the program, and it's `Send` but not `Sync`, then we'll need to wrap "
|
|
"it in something like a `Mutex` and put it in a static."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ne putem gândi la gestionarii de excepții și la contextul nostru principal "
|
|
"de execuție mai mult sau mai puțin ca la fire diferite. [`Send` și `Sync`]"
|
|
"(../../concurrency/send-sync.md) vor controla ceea ce putem partaja între "
|
|
"ele, la fel ca în cazul firelor de execuție. De exemplu, dacă dorim să "
|
|
"partajăm o anumită valoare între gestionarii de excepții și restul "
|
|
"programului, iar aceasta este `Send`, dar nu `Sync`, atunci va trebui să o "
|
|
"înfășurăm în ceva de genul `Mutex` și să o punem într-o statică."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)"
|
|
msgstr "[oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"coreboot without the C\""
|
|
msgstr "\"coreboot fără C\""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V."
|
|
msgstr "Suportă x86, aarch64 și RISC-V."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself."
|
|
msgstr "Se bazează pe LinuxBoot în loc să aibă multe drivere."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-"
|
|
"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Tutorial Rust RaspberryPi OS](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-"
|
|
"raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, "
|
|
"exception handling, page tables"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Inițializare, driver UART, bootloader simplu, JTAG, niveluri de excepție, "
|
|
"tratarea excepțiilor, tabele de pagini"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some dodginess around cache maintenance and initialisation in Rust, not "
|
|
"necessarily a good example to copy for production code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unele dificultăți în ceea ce privește întreținerea și inițializarea cache-"
|
|
"ului în Rust, nu neapărat un exemplu bun de copiat pentru codul de producție."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)"
|
|
msgstr "[`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage."
|
|
msgstr "Analiza statică pentru a determina utilizarea maximă a stivei."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The RaspberryPi OS tutorial runs Rust code before the MMU and caches are "
|
|
"enabled. This will read and write memory (e.g. the stack). However:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tutorialul RaspberryPi OS rulează codul Rust înainte ca MMU și memoria cache "
|
|
"să fie activate. Aceasta va citi și va scrie în memorie (de exemplu, stiva). "
|
|
"Cu toate acestea:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Without the MMU and cache, unaligned accesses will fault. It builds with "
|
|
"`aarch64-unknown-none` which sets `+strict-align` to prevent the compiler "
|
|
"generating unaligned accesses so it should be alright, but this is not "
|
|
"necessarily the case in general."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Fără MMU și memoria cache, accesările nealiniate vor eșua. Se construiește "
|
|
"cu `aarch64-unknown-none`, care setează `+strict-align` pentru a împiedica "
|
|
"compilatorul să genereze accese nealiniate, deci ar trebui să fie în regulă, "
|
|
"dar acest lucru nu este neapărat valabil în general."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If it were running in a VM, this can lead to cache coherency issues. The "
|
|
"problem is that the VM is accessing memory directly with the cache disabled, "
|
|
"while the host has cacheable aliases to the same memory. Even if the host "
|
|
"doesn't explicitly access the memory, speculative accesses can lead to cache "
|
|
"fills, and then changes from one or the other will get lost. Again this is "
|
|
"alright in this particular case (running directly on the hardware with no "
|
|
"hypervisor), but isn't a good pattern in general."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă ar fi rulat într-o mașină virtuală, acest lucru poate duce la probleme "
|
|
"de coerență a memoriei cache. Problema constă în faptul că mașina virtuală "
|
|
"accesează memoria direct, cu memoria cache dezactivată, în timp ce gazda are "
|
|
"alias-uri care pot fi stocate în memoria cache pentru aceeași memorie. Chiar "
|
|
"dacă gazda nu accesează în mod explicit memoria, accesările speculative pot "
|
|
"duce la umplerea cache-ului, iar apoi modificările de la unul sau de la "
|
|
"celălalt se vor pierde. Din nou, acest lucru este în regulă în acest caz "
|
|
"particular (care rulează direct pe hardware fără hipervizor), dar nu este un "
|
|
"model bun în general."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md
|
|
msgid "Useful crates"
|
|
msgstr "Lăzi (crates) utile"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal "
|
|
"programming."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vom trece în revistă câteva crates care rezolvă unele probleme comune în "
|
|
"programarea bare-metal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) crate (from Fuchsia) provides "
|
|
"traits and macros for safely converting between byte sequences and other "
|
|
"types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crăiasa [`zerocopy`](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/) (din Fuchsia) oferă "
|
|
"trăsături și macro-uri pentru conversia în siguranță între secvențe de "
|
|
"octeți și alte tipuri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), "
|
|
"but can be useful for working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by "
|
|
"DMA, or sent over some external interface."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru nu este potrivit pentru MMIO (deoarece nu utilizează citiri și "
|
|
"scrieri volatile), dar poate fi util pentru lucrul cu structuri partajate cu "
|
|
"hardware, de exemplu prin DMA, sau trimise prin intermediul unei interfețe "
|
|
"externe."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is "
|
|
"valid, and so can safely be converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`FromBytes` poate fi implementat pentru tipurile pentru care orice model de "
|
|
"octeți este valabil și, prin urmare, poate fi convertit în siguranță dintr-o "
|
|
"secvență de octeți nesigură."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because "
|
|
"`RequestType` doesn't use all possible u32 values as discriminants, so not "
|
|
"all byte patterns are valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Încercarea de a deriva `FromBytes` pentru aceste tipuri ar eșua, deoarece "
|
|
"`RequestType` nu utilizează toate valorile u32 posibile ca discriminanți, "
|
|
"astfel încât nu toate modelele de octeți sunt valide."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`zerocopy::byteorder` are tipuri pentru primitive numerice care cunosc "
|
|
"ordinea octeților."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
|
|
"zerocopy-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate "
|
|
"dependency.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rulați exemplul cu `cargo run` în `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy-"
|
|
"example/`. (Nu va rula în Playground din cauza dependenței de crate)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) crate lets "
|
|
"you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory System "
|
|
"Architecture."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crăiasa [`aarch64-paging`](https://crates.io/crates/aarch64-paging) vă "
|
|
"permite să creați tabele de pagini în conformitate cu arhitectura sistemului "
|
|
"de memorie virtuală AArch64."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid "// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid "// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
msgid "// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should "
|
|
"be straightforward to add."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Deocamdată, acceptă doar EL1, dar ar trebui să fie ușor de adăugat suportul "
|
|
"pentru alte niveluri de excepție."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware](https://cs.android."
|
|
"com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/Virtualization/"
|
|
"pvmfw/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceasta este utilizată în Android pentru [Protected VM Firmware] (https://cs."
|
|
"android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:packages/modules/"
|
|
"Virtualization/pvmfw/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware "
|
|
"or under QEMU."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nu există o modalitate ușoară de a rula acest exemplu, deoarece trebuie să "
|
|
"ruleze pe hardware real sau în QEMU."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) "
|
|
"is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. It can "
|
|
"be used both for [`LockedHeap`](https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/"
|
|
"buddy_system_allocator/struct.LockedHeap.html) implementing [`GlobalAlloc`]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html) so you can use "
|
|
"the standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before](../alloc.md)), or for "
|
|
"allocating other address space. For example, we might want to allocate MMIO "
|
|
"space for PCI BARs:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`buddy_system_allocator`](https://crates.io/crates/buddy_system_allocator) "
|
|
"este o crăiasă terță parte care implementează un alocator de bază pentru "
|
|
"sistemul de prieteni. Acesta poate fi utilizat atât pentru [`LockedHeap`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/buddy_system_allocator/0.9.0/buddy_system_allocator/struct."
|
|
"LockedHeap.html) care implementează [`GlobalAlloc`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/core/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html), astfel încât să puteți utiliza crate-"
|
|
"ul standard `alloc` (așa cum am văzut [înainte](../alloc.md)), cât și pentru "
|
|
"alocarea altor spații de adrese. De exemplu, am putea dori să alocăm spațiu "
|
|
"MMIO pentru BAR-uri PCI:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size."
|
|
msgstr "BAR-urile PCI au întotdeauna o aliniere egală cu dimensiunea lor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/"
|
|
"allocator-example/`. (It won't run in the Playground because of the crate "
|
|
"dependency.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rulați exemplul cu `cargo run` în `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/allocator-"
|
|
"example/`. (Nu va rula în Playground din cauza dependenței de crate)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without "
|
|
"heap allocation. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) provides "
|
|
"this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically "
|
|
"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used "
|
|
"and panics if you try to use more than are allocated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Uneori doriți ceva care poate fi redimensionat ca un `Vec`, dar fără alocare "
|
|
"de heap. [`tinyvec`](https://crates.io/crates/tinyvec) oferă acest lucru: un "
|
|
"vector susținut de o matrice sau de o felie, care poate fi alocat static sau "
|
|
"pe stivă, care ține evidența numărului de elemente utilizate și intră în "
|
|
"panică dacă încercați să utilizați mai multe decât sunt alocate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for "
|
|
"initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`tinyvec` necesită ca tipul de element să implementeze `Default` pentru "
|
|
"inițializare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust Playground include `tinyvec`, deci acest exemplu va rula bine în linie."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` "
|
|
"are not available in `core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or "
|
|
"interior mutability, such as for sharing state between different CPUs?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`std::sync::Mutex` și celelalte primitive de sincronizare din `std::sync` nu "
|
|
"sunt disponibile în `core` sau `alloc`. Cum putem gestiona sincronizarea sau "
|
|
"mutabilitatea interioară, cum ar fi pentru partajarea stării între diferite "
|
|
"unități centrale de procesare?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) crate provides spinlock-based "
|
|
"equivalents of many of these primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crăiasa [`spin`](https://crates.io/crates/spin) oferă echivalente bazate pe "
|
|
"spinlock pentru multe dintre aceste primitive."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aveți grijă să evitați blocajul dacă luați blocaje în gestionarii de "
|
|
"întreruperi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, "
|
|
"`Barrier` and `Once` from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`spin` are, de asemenea, o implementare a unui mutex de blocare a biletului; "
|
|
"echivalenți ai lui `RwLock`, `Barrier` și `Once` din `std::sync`; și `Lazy` "
|
|
"pentru inițializare leneșă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) crate also has some "
|
|
"useful types for late initialisation with a slightly different approach to "
|
|
"`spin::once::Once`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crăiasa [`once_cell`](https://crates.io/crates/once_cell) are, de asemenea, "
|
|
"câteva tipuri utile pentru inițializarea târzie cu o abordare ușor diferită "
|
|
"de `spin::once::Once`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust Playground include `spin`, astfel că acest exemplu va rula fără "
|
|
"probleme în linie."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a "
|
|
"`rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` "
|
|
"with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a `raw_binary` "
|
|
"to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru a construi un binar Rust de tip bare-metal în AOSP, trebuie să "
|
|
"utilizați o regulă Soong `rust_ffi_static` pentru a construi codul Rust, "
|
|
"apoi un `cc_binary` cu un script linker pentru a produce binarul propriu-zis "
|
|
"și apoi un `raw_binary` pentru a converti ELF-ul într-un binar brut gata de "
|
|
"a fi rulat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md
|
|
msgid "vmbase"
|
|
msgstr "vmbase"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase](https://android."
|
|
"googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/Virtualization/+/refs/heads/"
|
|
"master/vmbase/) library provides a linker script and useful defaults for the "
|
|
"build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru mașinile virtuale care rulează sub crosvm pe aarch64, biblioteca "
|
|
"[vmbase](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/"
|
|
"Virtualization/+/refs/heads/master/vmbase/) oferă un script de linker și "
|
|
"valori implicite utile pentru regulile de compilare, împreună cu un punct de "
|
|
"intrare, logare a consolei UART și multe altele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` "
|
|
"entry point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Macroul `main!` marchează funcția principală, care va fi apelată din punctul "
|
|
"de intrare `vmbase`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a "
|
|
"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown the VM if your main function returns."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Punctul de intrare `vmbase` se ocupă de inițializarea consolei și emite un "
|
|
"PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF pentru a închide VM dacă funcția principală se întoarce."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device."
|
|
msgstr "Vom scrie un driver pentru dispozitivul de ceas în timp real PL031."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions](solutions-"
|
|
"afternoon.md) provided."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"După ce ați studiat exercițiile, puteți consulta [soluții](solutions-"
|
|
"afternoon.md) furnizate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "RTC driver"
|
|
msgstr "Driver RTC"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031](https://developer.arm.com/"
|
|
"documentation/ddi0224/c) real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, "
|
|
"you should write a driver for it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mașina virtuală QEMU aarch64 are un ceas în timp real [PL031](https://"
|
|
"developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0224/c) la 0x9010000. Pentru acest "
|
|
"exercițiu, trebuie să scrieți un driver pentru acesta."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the "
|
|
"[`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) crate for date/time formatting."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați-o pentru a imprima ora curentă pe consola serială. Puteți utiliza "
|
|
"crate-ul [`chrono`](https://crates.io/crates/chrono) pentru formatarea datei/"
|
|
"orei."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given "
|
|
"time, e.g. 3 seconds in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn.spin_loop.html) inside the loop.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați registrul de potrivire și starea brută a întreruperii pentru a "
|
|
"aștepta ocupat până la un anumit moment, de exemplu, 3 secunde în viitor. "
|
|
"(Chemați [`core::hint::spin_loop`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/core/hint/fn."
|
|
"spin_loop.html) în interiorul buclei)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by "
|
|
"the RTC match. You can use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`](https://"
|
|
"docs.rs/arm-gic/) crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"extindere dacă aveți timp:_ Activați și gestionați întreruperea generată de "
|
|
"meciul RTC. Puteți utiliza driverul furnizat în crăiasa [`arm-gic`](https://"
|
|
"docs.rs/arm-gic/) pentru a configura controlerul generic de întreruperi Arm "
|
|
"Generic Interrupt Controller."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați întreruperea RTC, care este conectată la GIC ca `IntId::spi(2)`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::"
|
|
"wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Odată ce întreruperea este activată, puteți pune nucleul în stare de veghe "
|
|
"prin intermediul `arm_gic::wfi()`, ceea ce va face ca nucleul să doarmă până "
|
|
"când va primi o întrerupere."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and "
|
|
"look in the `rtc` directory for the following files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Descărcați [șablonul de exerciții] (../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) "
|
|
"și căutați în directorul `rtc` următoarele fișiere."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the base\n"
|
|
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
|
|
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_src/exceptions.rs_ (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of "
|
|
"the exercise):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_src/exceptions.rs_ (ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru doar "
|
|
"pentru a treia parte a exercițiului):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licențiat sub Licența Apache, versiunea 2.0 (denumită în continuare "
|
|
"\"Licența\");\n"
|
|
"// nu aveți voie să utilizați acest fișier decât în conformitate cu "
|
|
"Licența.\n"
|
|
"// Puteți obține o copie a Licenței la adresa\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Cu excepția cazului în care legea aplicabilă o impune sau se convine în "
|
|
"scris, software-ul\n"
|
|
"// distribuit în temeiul licenței este distribuit pe o BAZĂ \"AS IS\",\n"
|
|
"// FĂRĂ GARANȚII SAU CONDIȚII DE NICI UN FEL, fie ele exprese sau "
|
|
"implicite.\n"
|
|
"// Consultați Licența pentru limbajul specific care reglementează "
|
|
"permisiunile și\n"
|
|
"// limitări în cadrul Licenței.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"utilizați cc::Build;\n"
|
|
"use std::env;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]]\n"
|
|
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]]\n"
|
|
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Build::new()\n"
|
|
" .file(\"entry.S\")\n"
|
|
" .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n"
|
|
" .file(\"idmap.S\")\n"
|
|
" .compile(\"empty\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"sync_exception_current\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"irq_current\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"No pending interrupt\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"IRQ {intid:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"fiq_current\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"serr_current\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"sync_lower\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"irq_lower\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"fiq_lower\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"serr_lower\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/logger.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_src/logger.rs_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/pl011.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "_src/pl011.rs_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Framing error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Parity error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Break error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "/// Overrun error.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR: Registers\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
|
|
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_build.rs_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "_build.rs_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"linux\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"CROSS_COMPILE\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"aarch64-linux-gnu\""
|
|
msgstr "aarch64-paging"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"aarch64-none-elf\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"entry.S\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"exceptions.S\""
|
|
msgstr "Excepții"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"idmap.S\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "\"empty\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_entry.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "_entry.S_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n"
|
|
"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n"
|
|
"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n"
|
|
"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n"
|
|
".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n"
|
|
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n"
|
|
"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation "
|
|
"fault instead. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate "
|
|
"write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cacheable.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate "
|
|
"write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cacheable.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ."
|
|
"L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ."
|
|
"L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n"
|
|
"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n"
|
|
"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n"
|
|
"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n"
|
|
"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << "
|
|
"28) | (0x1 << 29)\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ."
|
|
"L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ."
|
|
"L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations "
|
|
"required to prepare the\n"
|
|
" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using "
|
|
"registers x25 and above,\n"
|
|
" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception "
|
|
"vector. It preserves x0-x3\n"
|
|
" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"entry:\n"
|
|
"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU "
|
|
"and caches. */\n"
|
|
"\tadrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any "
|
|
"potentially stale\n"
|
|
"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\ttlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
"\tic iallu\n"
|
|
"\tdsb nsh\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until "
|
|
"this has completed.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
"\tb.hs 1f\n"
|
|
"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
"\tb 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
"\tmov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n"
|
|
"\tbl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
|
|
"2:\twfi\n"
|
|
"\tb 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Drepturi de autor 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licențiat sub licența Apache License, versiunea 2.0 (\"Licența\");\n"
|
|
" * nu aveți voie să utilizați acest fișier decât în conformitate cu "
|
|
"Licența.\n"
|
|
" * Puteți obține o copie a Licenței la adresa\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Cu excepția cazului în care legislația aplicabilă o impune sau se convine "
|
|
"în scris, software-ul\n"
|
|
" * distribuit în temeiul licenței este distribuit pe o BAZĂ \"AS IS\",\n"
|
|
" * FĂRĂ GARANȚII SAU CONDIȚII DE NICI UN FEL, fie ele exprese sau "
|
|
"implicite.\n"
|
|
" * Consultați Licența pentru limbajul specific care reglementează "
|
|
"permisiunile și\n"
|
|
" * limitări în cadrul Licenței.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n"
|
|
"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n"
|
|
"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n"
|
|
"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE, 0x04\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA, 0xff\n"
|
|
".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* dimensiunea granulelor de 4 KiB pentru TTBR0_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n"
|
|
"/* dimensiunea granulelor de 4 KiB pentru TTBR1_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n"
|
|
"/* Dezactivează mersul pe tabela de traducere pentru TTBR1_EL1, generând în "
|
|
"schimb o eroare de traducere. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* Plimbările tabelelor de traducere pentru TTBR0_EL1 sunt partajabile la "
|
|
"nivel intern. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Mersul tabelelor de conversie pentru TTBR0_EL1 este de tip write-back "
|
|
"extern read-allocate write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cu memorie cache.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Traducerea tabelelor de conversie pentru TTBR0_EL1 sunt de tip write-back "
|
|
"read-allocate write-allocate interior\n"
|
|
" * care pot fi stocate în memoria cache.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Decalajul de dimensiune pentru TTBR0_EL1 este de 2**39 octeți (512 GiB). "
|
|
"*/\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | ."
|
|
"L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | ."
|
|
"L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Nu este afectată capacitatea de stocare în memoria cache a accesului la "
|
|
"instrucțiunile din etapa 1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n"
|
|
"/* Defecțiune de aliniere SP dacă SP nu este aliniat la o limită de 16 "
|
|
"octeți. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n"
|
|
"/* Cacheabilitatea accesului la datele din etapa 1 nu este afectată. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n"
|
|
"/* Etapa 1 a MMU EL0 și EL1 a fost activată. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n"
|
|
"/* Privileged Access Never este neschimbat la luarea unei excepții la EL1. "
|
|
"*/\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* Instrucțiunea SETEND dezactivată la EL0 în modul aarch32. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Diverse instrucțiuni IT sunt dezactivate la EL0 în modul aarch32. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << "
|
|
"28) | (0x1 << 29)\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | ."
|
|
"L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | ."
|
|
"L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Acesta este un punct de intrare generic pentru o imagine. Acesta "
|
|
"efectuează operațiile necesare pentru a pregăti imaginea\n"
|
|
" * imaginea încărcată pentru a fi rulată. În mod specific, se resetează la "
|
|
"zero secțiunea bss folosind registrele x25 și mai sus,\n"
|
|
" * pregătește stiva, activează virgulă mobilă și stabilește vectorul de "
|
|
"excepții. Păstrează x0-x3\n"
|
|
" * pentru punctul de intrare Rust, deoarece acestea pot conține parametrii "
|
|
"de pornire.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"entry:\n"
|
|
"\t/* Încarcă și aplică configurația de gestionare a memoriei, gata să "
|
|
"activeze MMU și cache-urile. */\n"
|
|
"\tadrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
"\t/* Copiază intervalul PA acceptat în TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Asigură-te că tot ceea ce s-a întâmplat înainte de acest punct s-a "
|
|
"finalizat, apoi invalidează orice date potențial vechi\n"
|
|
"\t * locale TLB înainte ca acestea să înceapă să fie utilizate.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\ttlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
"\tic iallu\n"
|
|
"\tdsb nsh\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Configurați sctlr_el1 pentru a activa MMU și memoria cache și nu "
|
|
"continuați până când acest lucru nu este finalizat.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Dezactivează captarea accesului în virgulă mobilă în EL1. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Elimină secțiunea bss. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0: cmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
"\tb.hs 1f\n"
|
|
"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
"\tb 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1: /* Pregătește stiva. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
"\tmov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Setează vectorul de excepție. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Apel în codul Rust. */\n"
|
|
"\tbl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Bucla veșnică în așteptarea întreruperilor. */\n"
|
|
"2: wfi\n"
|
|
"\tb 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_exceptions.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "_exceptions.S_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
|
|
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 "
|
|
"instructions\n"
|
|
" * left.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 "
|
|
"respectively,\n"
|
|
" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent "
|
|
"call.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n"
|
|
"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n"
|
|
"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
|
|
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving "
|
|
"18\n"
|
|
" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n"
|
|
" * instructions to spare.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
|
|
"using\n"
|
|
" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, "
|
|
"doing\n"
|
|
" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n"
|
|
" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can "
|
|
"implement\n"
|
|
" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #1\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #0\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while "
|
|
"using\n"
|
|
" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores "
|
|
"volatile\n"
|
|
" * registers, then returns.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n"
|
|
" * non-volatile registers.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n"
|
|
" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the "
|
|
"whole\n"
|
|
" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
".balign 0x800\n"
|
|
"vector_table_el1:\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Drepturi de autor 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licențiat sub licența Apache License, versiunea 2.0 (\"Licența\");\n"
|
|
" * nu aveți voie să utilizați acest fișier decât în conformitate cu "
|
|
"Licența.\n"
|
|
" * Puteți obține o copie a Licenței la adresa\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Cu excepția cazului în care legislația aplicabilă o impune sau se convine "
|
|
"în scris, software-ul\n"
|
|
" * distribuit în temeiul licenței este distribuit pe o BAZĂ \"AS IS\",\n"
|
|
" * FĂRĂ GARANȚII SAU CONDIȚII DE NICI UN FEL, fie ele exprese sau "
|
|
"implicite.\n"
|
|
" * Consultați Licența pentru limbajul specific care reglementează "
|
|
"permisiunile și\n"
|
|
" * limitări în cadrul Licenței.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Salvează registrele volatile pe stivă. Acest lucru durează în prezent 14\n"
|
|
" * instrucțiuni, astfel încât poate fi utilizat în gestionarii de excepții "
|
|
"cu 18 instrucțiuni\n"
|
|
" * stânga.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * La întoarcere, x0 și x1 sunt inițializate la elr_el2 și, respectiv, "
|
|
"spsr_el2,\n"
|
|
" * care pot fi utilizate ca primul și al doilea argument al unui apel "
|
|
"ulterior.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Rezervă spațiul stivei și salvează registrele x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n"
|
|
"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Salvați elr_el1 & spsr_el1. Acest lucru astfel încât să putem lua "
|
|
"excepții imbricate\n"
|
|
"\t * și totuși să putem derula.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Restabilește registrele volatile din stivă. În prezent, acest lucru "
|
|
"durează 14\n"
|
|
" * instrucțiuni, astfel încât poate fi utilizată în gestionarii de excepții, "
|
|
"lăsând în continuare 18\n"
|
|
" * instrucțiuni rămase; dacă este asociat cu save_volatile_to_stack, mai "
|
|
"rămân 4 instrucțiuni\n"
|
|
" * instrucțiuni de rezervă.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restaurează registrele x2-x18, x29 și x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restaurați registrele elr_el1 & spsr_el1, folosind x0 & x1 ca zero. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restaurați x0 & x1 și eliberați spațiul din stivă. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Acesta este un gestionar generic pentru excepțiile luate la EL curent în "
|
|
"timp ce se utilizează\n"
|
|
" * SP0. Se comportă în mod similar cu cazul SPx, trecând mai întâi la SPx, "
|
|
"făcând\n"
|
|
" * treaba, apoi revine la SP0 înainte de a se întoarce.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Comutarea în SPx și apelarea gestionarului Rust necesită 16 instrucțiuni. "
|
|
"La\n"
|
|
" * restabilirea și întoarcerea avem nevoie de încă 16 instrucțiuni, astfel "
|
|
"încât să putem implementa\n"
|
|
" * întregul manipulator în cele 32 de instrucțiuni alocate.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #1\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #0\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Acesta este un gestionar generic pentru excepțiile luate la EL curent în "
|
|
"timp ce se utilizează\n"
|
|
" * SPx. Acesta salvează registrele volatile, apelează gestionarul Rust, "
|
|
"restabilește registrele volatile\n"
|
|
" * și apoi se întoarce.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Acest lucru funcționează și pentru excepțiile luate din EL0, dacă nu ne "
|
|
"pasă de\n"
|
|
" * registrele nevolatile.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Salvarea stării și saltul la gestionarul Rust durează 15 instrucțiuni, "
|
|
"iar\n"
|
|
" * restabilirea și întoarcerea durează, de asemenea, 15 instrucțiuni, astfel "
|
|
"încât putem încadra întreaga\n"
|
|
" * în 30 de instrucțiuni, sub limita de 32.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
".balign 0x800\n"
|
|
"vector_table_el1:\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_idmap.S_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "_idmap.S_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Access flag. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/* Not global. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner "
|
|
"shareable\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n"
|
|
".global idmap\n"
|
|
".align 12\n"
|
|
"idmap:\n"
|
|
"\t/* level 1 */\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n"
|
|
"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
|
|
"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Drepturi de autor 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licențiat sub licența Apache License, versiunea 2.0 (\"Licența\");\n"
|
|
" * nu aveți voie să utilizați acest fișier decât în conformitate cu "
|
|
"Licența.\n"
|
|
" * Puteți obține o copie a Licenței la adresa\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Cu excepția cazului în care legislația aplicabilă o impune sau se convine "
|
|
"în scris, software-ul\n"
|
|
" * distribuit în temeiul licenței este distribuit pe o BAZĂ \"AS IS\",\n"
|
|
" * FĂRĂ GARANȚII SAU CONDIȚII DE NICI UN FEL, fie ele exprese sau "
|
|
"implicite.\n"
|
|
" * Consultați Licența pentru limbajul specific care reglementează "
|
|
"permisiunile și\n"
|
|
" * limitări în cadrul Licenței.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Indicator de acces. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/* Nu este global. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2 // MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8) // MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), partajabil "
|
|
"în interior\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n"
|
|
".global idmap\n"
|
|
".align 12\n"
|
|
"idmap:\n"
|
|
"\t/* nivel 1 */\n"
|
|
"\t.quad .L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0 // 1 GiB de mapare a dispozitivelor\n"
|
|
"\t.quad .L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000 // 1 GiB de DRAM\n"
|
|
"\t.fill 254, 8, 0x0 // 254 GiB de spațiu VA nemarcat\n"
|
|
"\t.quad .L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB de mapare a dispozitivelor\n"
|
|
"\t.fill 255, 8, 0x0 // 255 GiB de spațiu VA rămas\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_image.ld_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "_image.ld_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```ld\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" * image.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"ENTRY(entry)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"MEMORY\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"SECTIONS\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together the code.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\t.text : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.text.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\ttext_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\t.got : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.got)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\trodata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n"
|
|
"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.data.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n"
|
|
"\t\t * bytes long.\n"
|
|
"\t\t */\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n"
|
|
"\tbin_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n"
|
|
"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(COMMON)\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n"
|
|
"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.interp)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n"
|
|
"\t}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```ld\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Drepturi de autor 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licențiat sub Licența Apache, versiunea 2.0 (denumită în continuare "
|
|
"\"Licența\");\n"
|
|
" * nu aveți voie să utilizați acest fișier decât în conformitate cu "
|
|
"Licența.\n"
|
|
" * Puteți obține o copie a Licenței la adresa\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Cu excepția cazului în care legislația aplicabilă o impune sau se convine "
|
|
"în scris, software-ul\n"
|
|
" * distribuit în temeiul licenței este distribuit pe o BAZĂ \"AS IS\",\n"
|
|
" * FĂRĂ GARANȚII SAU CONDIȚII DE NICI UN FEL, fie ele exprese sau "
|
|
"implicite.\n"
|
|
" * Consultați Licența pentru limbajul specific care reglementează "
|
|
"permisiunile și\n"
|
|
" * limitări în cadrul Licenței.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Codul va începe să ruleze la acest simbol care este plasat la începutul\n"
|
|
" * imagine.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"ENTRY(intrare)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"MEMORIE\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"SECȚIUNI\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Adunați împreună codul.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\ttext_begin = ..;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >imagine\n"
|
|
"\t.text : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.text.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >imagine\n"
|
|
"\ttext_end = ..;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Adună împreună datele numai pentru citire.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\trodata_begin = ..;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >imagine\n"
|
|
"\t.got : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.got)\n"
|
|
"\t} >imagine\n"
|
|
"\trodata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Colectează împreună datele de citire-scriere, inclusiv .bss de la "
|
|
"sfârșit, care\n"
|
|
"\t * va fi anulat de codul de intrare.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_begin = ..;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.data.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t\t * Codul punctului de intrare presupune că .data este un multiplu de 32\n"
|
|
"\t\t * octeți.\n"
|
|
"\t\t */\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >imagine\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Tot ceea ce depășește acest punct nu va fi inclus în binar. */\n"
|
|
"\tbin_end = ..;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Codul punctului de intrare presupune că .bss este aliniat pe 16 octeți. "
|
|
"*/\n"
|
|
"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_begin = ..;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(COMUN)\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >imagine\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_begin = ..;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >imagine\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n"
|
|
"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Elimină secțiunile neutilizate din imagine.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t/* Imaginea se încarcă singură, deci nu are nevoie de aceste secțiuni. "
|
|
"*/\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.interp)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n"
|
|
"\t}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_Makefile_ (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr "_Makefile_ (nu ar trebui să fie nevoie să modificați acest lucru):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "# Copyright 2023 Google LLC"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "$(shell uname -s)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "aarch64-linux-gnu"
|
|
msgstr "aarch64-paging"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "stdio -display none -kernel $< -s"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
msgid "cargo clean"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`."
|
|
msgstr "Rulați codul în QEMU cu `make qemu`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Rust bare metal După-amiază"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"RTC: {time}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Waiting for {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Finished waiting\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_pl031.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_pl031.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Data register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Match register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Load register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Control register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n"
|
|
msgstr "Vom scrie un driver pentru dispozitivul de ceas în timp real PL031."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of "
|
|
"a\n"
|
|
" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
"process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an interrupt\n"
|
|
" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or "
|
|
"not\n"
|
|
" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and the\n"
|
|
" /// interrupt is masked.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false "
|
|
"the\n"
|
|
" /// interrupt is disabled.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "/// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Welcome to Concurrency in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Bine ați venit la Concurrency în Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and "
|
|
"channels."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust are un suport complet pentru concurență folosind fire de execuție OS cu "
|
|
"mutexuri și canale."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs "
|
|
"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since "
|
|
"you can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sistemul de tipuri Rust joacă un rol important în transformarea multor erori "
|
|
"de concurență în erori de timp de compilare. Acest lucru este deseori "
|
|
"denumit _concurență fără frică_, deoarece vă puteți baza pe compilator "
|
|
"pentru a asigura corectitudinea la momentul execuției."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Firele de execuție din Rust funcționează în mod similar cu cele din alte "
|
|
"limbaje:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
msgid "\"Count in thread: {i}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
msgid "\"Main thread: {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them."
|
|
msgstr "Firele sunt toate fire de tip daemon, firul principal nu le așteaptă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Thread panics are independent of each other."
|
|
msgstr "Panica firelor este independentă una de cealaltă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Panicile pot transporta o sarcină utilă, care poate fi despachetată cu "
|
|
"`downcast_ref`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 --- the main thread "
|
|
"is not waiting."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Observați că firul este oprit înainte de a ajunge la 10 - firul principal nu "
|
|
"așteaptă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for "
|
|
"the thread to finish."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` și mai târziu `handle.join()` "
|
|
"pentru a aștepta ca firul să se termine."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Declanșează o panică în firul de discuție, observați cum acest lucru nu "
|
|
"afectează `main`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the "
|
|
"panic payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/any/index.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați valoarea de returnare `Result` din `handle.join()` pentru a obține "
|
|
"acces la sarcina utilă de panică. Acesta este un moment bun pentru a vorbi "
|
|
"despre [`Any`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:"
|
|
msgstr "Firele normale nu pot împrumuta din mediul lor:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, you can use a [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/"
|
|
"fn.scope.html) for this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cu toate acestea, puteți utiliza un [scoped thread](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
"org/std/thread/fn.scope.html) pentru acest lucru:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all "
|
|
"the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Motivul este că, atunci când funcția `thread::scope` se finalizează, toate "
|
|
"firele sunt garantate a fi unite, astfel încât pot returna date împrumutate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one "
|
|
"thread, or immutably by any number of threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se aplică regulile normale de împrumut Rust: puteți împrumuta fie în mod "
|
|
"mutabil de către un singur fir, fie în mod imuabil de către orice număr de "
|
|
"fire."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender<T>` and a `Receiver<T>`. The two "
|
|
"parts are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Canalele Rust au două părți: un `Sender<T>` și un `Receiver<T>`. Cele două "
|
|
"părți sunt conectate prin intermediul canalului, dar nu se văd decât "
|
|
"punctele finale."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"Received: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` "
|
|
"implement `Clone` (so you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does "
|
|
"not."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`mpsc` înseamnă Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` și `SyncSender` "
|
|
"implementează `Clone` (astfel încât să puteți face mai mulți producători), "
|
|
"dar `Receiver` nu o face."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the "
|
|
"counterpart `Sender` or `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`send()` și `recv()` returnează `Result`. Dacă acestea returnează `Err`, "
|
|
"înseamnă că omologul `Sender` sau `Receiver` este abandonat și canalul este "
|
|
"închis."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:"
|
|
msgstr "Obțineți un canal nemărginit și asincron cu `mpsc::channel()`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid "\"Message {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: done\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
msgid "\"Main: got {msg}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With bounded (synchronous) channels, `send` can block the current thread:"
|
|
msgstr "Cu canale limitate (sincrone), `send` poate bloca firul curent:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Calling `send` will block the current thread until there is space in the "
|
|
"channel for the new message. The thread can be blocked indefinitely if there "
|
|
"is nobody who reads from the channel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Apelul la `send` va bloca firul curent până când va exista spațiu în canal "
|
|
"pentru noul mesaj. Firul poate fi blocat la nesfârșit dacă nimeni nu citește "
|
|
"de pe canal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A call to `send` will abort with an error (that is why it returns `Result`) "
|
|
"if the channel is closed. A channel is closed when the receiver is dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un apel la `send` va eșua cu o eroare (de aceea returnează `Result`) dacă "
|
|
"canalul este închis. Un canal este închis atunci când receptorul este "
|
|
"abandonat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A bounded channel with a size of zero is called a \"rendezvous channel\". "
|
|
"Every send will block the current thread until another thread calls `read`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un canal delimitat cu dimensiunea zero se numește \"canal de întâlnire\". "
|
|
"Fiecare trimitere va bloca firul curent până când un alt fir va apela `read`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"How does Rust know to forbid shared access across threads? The answer is in "
|
|
"two traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cum știe Rust să interzică accesul partajat între fire de execuție? "
|
|
"Răspunsul se află în două trăsături:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): a type `T` "
|
|
"is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread boundary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html): un tip `T` "
|
|
"este `Send` dacă este sigur să muți un `T` peste o limită de fir."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): a type `T` "
|
|
"is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread boundary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html): un tip `T` "
|
|
"este `Sync` dacă este sigur să muți un `&T` peste o limită de fir."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). The "
|
|
"compiler will automatically derive them for your types as long as they only "
|
|
"contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when "
|
|
"you know it is valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Send` și `Sync` sunt [trăsături nesigure](../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md). "
|
|
"Compilatorul le va deriva în mod automat pentru tipurile dvs. atâta timp cât "
|
|
"acestea conțin doar tipurile `Send` și `Sync`. De asemenea, le puteți "
|
|
"implementa manual atunci când știți că este valabil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-"
|
|
"safety properties."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceste trăsături pot fi considerate ca fiind indicatoare ale faptului că "
|
|
"tipul are anumite proprietăți de siguranță a firelor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acestea pot fi utilizate în cadrul constrângerilor generice ca și trăsături "
|
|
"normale."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type `T` is [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html) "
|
|
"if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un tip `T` este [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send."
|
|
"html) dacă este sigur să muți o valoare `T` către un alt fir."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will "
|
|
"run in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one "
|
|
"thread and deallocate it in another."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Efectul mutării proprietății către un alt fir este că _destructori_ vor rula "
|
|
"în acel fir. Așadar, întrebarea este când puteți aloca o valoare într-un fir "
|
|
"și o puteți dezaloca în alt fir."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from "
|
|
"a single thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De exemplu, o conexiune la biblioteca SQLite trebuie să fie accesată numai "
|
|
"de pe un singur fir de execuție."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A type `T` is [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html) "
|
|
"if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple threads at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un tip `T` este [`Sync`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync."
|
|
"html) dacă este sigur să accesezi o valoare `T` din mai multe fire de "
|
|
"execuție în același timp."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More precisely, the definition is:"
|
|
msgstr "Mai exact, definiția este:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`"
|
|
msgstr "`T` este `Sync` dacă și numai dacă `&T` este `Send`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is "
|
|
"thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it "
|
|
"across threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Această afirmație este, în esență, un mod prescurtat de a spune că, dacă un "
|
|
"tip este sigur pentru utilizarea partajată, este, de asemenea, sigur pentru "
|
|
"a trece referințe ale acestuia între fire."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across "
|
|
"multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization "
|
|
"issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type "
|
|
"is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can "
|
|
"be accessed from any thread safely."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru se datorează faptului că, dacă un tip este Sync, înseamnă că "
|
|
"poate fi partajat între mai multe fire de execuție fără riscul de curse de "
|
|
"date sau alte probleme de sincronizare, astfel încât este sigur să îl mutați "
|
|
"pe un alt fir de execuție. O referință la tip este, de asemenea, sigură "
|
|
"pentru a fi mutată în alt fir, deoarece datele la care face referire pot fi "
|
|
"accesate în siguranță din orice fir."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send + Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:"
|
|
msgstr "Majoritatea tipurilor pe care le întâlniți sunt de tip `Send + Sync`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "`String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Arc<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc<T>`: În mod explicit, thread-safe prin numărul de referințe atomice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Mutex<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking."
|
|
msgstr "`Mutex<T>`: În mod explicit, thread-safe prin blocare internă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ....: Utilizează instrucțiuni atomice speciale."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are "
|
|
"`Send + Sync`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipurile generice sunt de obicei `Send + Sync` atunci când parametrii de tip "
|
|
"sunt `Send + Sync`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`Send + !Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe. "
|
|
"Typically because of interior mutability:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceste tipuri pot fi mutate în alte fire de execuție, dar nu sunt sigure "
|
|
"pentru fire de execuție. De obicei, din cauza mutabilității interioare:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`mpsc::Sender<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Sender<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`mpsc::Receiver<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`Cell<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`Celula<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
msgstr "`RefCell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`!Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`!Send + Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceste tipuri sunt sigure pentru firul de execuție, dar nu pot fi mutate în "
|
|
"alt fir de execuție:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`MutexGuard<T: Sync>`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on "
|
|
"the thread which created them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`MutexGuard<T: Sync>`: Utilizează primitive la nivelul sistemului de operare "
|
|
"care trebuie să fie dezalocate pe firul care le-a creat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`!Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "`!Send +Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceste tipuri nu sunt sigure pentru fire de execuție și nu pot fi mutate în "
|
|
"alte fire de execuție:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Rc<T>`: each `Rc<T>` has a reference to an `RcBox<T>`, which contains a non-"
|
|
"atomic reference count."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Rc<T>`: fiecare `Rc<T>` are o referință la un `RcBox<T>`, care conține un "
|
|
"număr de referințe neatomice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special concurrency "
|
|
"considerations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust presupune că indicatoarele brute pot avea "
|
|
"considerații speciale privind concurența."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is "
|
|
"primarily done via two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust utilizează sistemul de tipuri pentru a impune sincronizarea datelor "
|
|
"partajate. Acest lucru se face în principal prin intermediul a două tipuri:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), atomic "
|
|
"reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and takes care to "
|
|
"deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`]](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html), referință "
|
|
"atomică numărată `T`: se ocupă de partajarea între fire și are grijă să "
|
|
"dezalocalizeze `T` atunci când se renunță la ultima referință,"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): ensures "
|
|
"mutually exclusive access to the `T` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html): asigură "
|
|
"accesul reciproc exclusiv la valoarea `T`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) allows shared "
|
|
"read-only access via `Arc::clone`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Arc<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html) permite "
|
|
"accesul partajat numai pentru citire prin intermediul `Arc::clone`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md
|
|
msgid "\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md
|
|
msgid "\"v: {v:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` "
|
|
"that uses atomic operations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc` este acronimul de la \"Atomic Reference Counted\", o versiune thread "
|
|
"safe a `Rc` care utilizează operații atomice."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc<T>` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` "
|
|
"and `Sync` if and only if `T` implements them both."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc<T>` implementează `Clone` indiferent dacă `T` o face sau nu. "
|
|
"Implementează `Send` și `Sync` dacă și numai dacă `T` le implementează pe "
|
|
"amândouă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but "
|
|
"after that the use of the `T` is free."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Arc::clone()` are costul operațiunilor atomice care se execută, dar după "
|
|
"aceea utilizarea lui `T` este gratuită."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect "
|
|
"them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Atenție la ciclurile de referință, `Arc` nu folosește un garbage collector "
|
|
"pentru a le detecta."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`std::sync::Weak` can help."
|
|
msgstr "`std::sync::Weak` poate fi de ajutor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) ensures "
|
|
"mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T` behind a read-only "
|
|
"interface (another form of [interior mutability](../../borrowing/interior-"
|
|
"mutability)):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html) asigură "
|
|
"excluderea reciprocă _și_ permite accesul mutabil la `T` în spatele unei "
|
|
"interfețe de numai citire:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
msgid "\"v: {:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how we have a [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
"lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E) blanket "
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Observați cum avem o implementare de pătură [`impl<T: Send> Sync for "
|
|
"Mutex<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-"
|
|
"for-Mutex%3CT%3E)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element --- the "
|
|
"protected data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex` în Rust arată ca o colecție cu un singur element - datele protejate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the "
|
|
"protected data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nu este posibil să se uite să se achiziționeze mutexul înainte de a accesa "
|
|
"datele protejate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex<T>` by taking the lock. The "
|
|
"`MutexGuard` ensures that the `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Puteți obține un `&mut T` dintr-un `&Mutex<T>` prin luarea unui "
|
|
"blocaj. `MutexGuard` se asigură că `&mut T` nu supraviețuiește mai mult "
|
|
"decât blocajul deținut."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Mutex<T>` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff (if and only if) `T` "
|
|
"implements `Send`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Mutex<T>` implementează atât `Send` cât și `Sync` dacă (dacă și numai dacă) "
|
|
"`T` implementează `Send`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A read-write lock counterpart: `RwLock`."
|
|
msgstr "O contraparte de blocare la citire-scriere - `RwLock`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Why does `lock()` return a `Result`?"
|
|
msgstr "De ce `lock()` returnează un `Result`?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes "
|
|
"\"poisoned\" to signal that the data it protected might be in an "
|
|
"inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex fails with a "
|
|
"[`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html). "
|
|
"You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data regardless."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cazul în care firul care deținea `Mutex` intră în panică, `Mutex` devine "
|
|
"\"otrăvit\" pentru a semnala că datele pe care le protejează ar putea fi "
|
|
"într-o stare inconsistentă. Apelul la `lock()` pe un mutex otrăvit eșuează "
|
|
"cu un [`PoisonError`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError."
|
|
"html). Puteți apela `into_inner()` la eroare pentru a recupera datele "
|
|
"indiferent de situație."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:"
|
|
msgstr "Să vedem `Arc` și `Mutex` în acțiune:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md
|
|
msgid "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Possible solution:"
|
|
msgstr "O posibilă soluție:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Notable parts:"
|
|
msgstr "Părți notabile:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are "
|
|
"orthogonal."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`v` este înfășurat atât în `Arc` cât și în `Mutex`, deoarece preocupările "
|
|
"lor sunt ortogonale."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state "
|
|
"between threads."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Înfășurarea unui `Mutex` într-un `Arc` este un model comun de partajare a "
|
|
"stării mutabile între fire."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another "
|
|
"thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`v: Arc<_>` trebuie să fie clonat ca `v2` înainte de a putea fi mutat într-"
|
|
"un alt fir de execuție. Rețineți că `move` a fost adăugat la semnătura "
|
|
"lambda."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as "
|
|
"possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Blocurile sunt introduse pentru a restrânge cât mai mult posibil domeniul de "
|
|
"aplicare al `LockGuard`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with"
|
|
msgstr "Să ne exersăm noile noastre abilități de concurență cu"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency."
|
|
msgstr "Filozofii care mănâncă: o problemă clasică în concurență."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to "
|
|
"download dependencies and then check links in parallel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Verificator de legături cu mai multe fire: un proiect mai mare în care veți "
|
|
"folosi Cargo pentru a descărca dependențele și apoi pentru a verifica "
|
|
"legăturile în paralel."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Problema filozofilor care servesc masa este o problemă clasică în domeniul "
|
|
"concurenței:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has "
|
|
"their own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish "
|
|
"served is a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each "
|
|
"philosopher can only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can "
|
|
"only eat their spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two "
|
|
"forks will only be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, "
|
|
"not eating. After an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put "
|
|
"down both forks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cinci filozofi iau masa împreună la aceeași masă. Fiecare filozof are "
|
|
"propriul loc la masă. Între fiecare farfurie se află câte o furculiță. Felul "
|
|
"de mâncare servit este un fel de spaghete care trebuie mâncate cu două "
|
|
"furculițe. Fiecare filozof nu poate decât să gândească și să mănânce "
|
|
"alternativ. În plus, un filozof poate mânca spaghetele doar dacă are atât "
|
|
"furculița din stânga, cât și cea din dreapta. Astfel, cele două furculițe "
|
|
"vor fi disponibile doar atunci când cei doi vecini cei mai apropiați "
|
|
"gândesc, nu mănâncă. După ce un filozof individual termină de mâncat, el va "
|
|
"pune jos ambele furculițe."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) "
|
|
"for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill "
|
|
"out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Veți avea nevoie de o [instalare Cargo] locală (../../cargo/running-locally."
|
|
"md) pentru acest exercițiu. Copiați codul de mai jos într-un fișier numit "
|
|
"`src/main.rs`, completați spațiile goale și testați dacă `cargo run` nu se "
|
|
"blochează:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"{} is eating...\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"Socrates\""
|
|
msgstr "Lăzi HAL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Hypatia\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Plato\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Aristotle\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Pythagoras\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Create forks\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Create philosophers\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
msgid "// Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr "Puteți utiliza următorul `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[pachet]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n"
|
|
"versiune = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It "
|
|
"should start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It "
|
|
"should recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this "
|
|
"until all pages have been validated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Să folosim noile noastre cunoștințe pentru a crea un verificator de legături "
|
|
"cu mai multe fire. Acesta ar trebui să pornească de la o pagină web și să "
|
|
"verifice dacă legăturile de pe pagină sunt valide. Ar trebui să verifice în "
|
|
"mod recursiv alte pagini din același domeniu și să continue să facă acest "
|
|
"lucru până când toate paginile sunt validate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
"reqwest/). Create a new Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru aceasta, veți avea nevoie de un client HTTP, cum ar fi [`reqwest`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/reqwest/). Creați un nou proiect Cargo și `reqwest` ca "
|
|
"dependență cu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the "
|
|
"`Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Dacă `cargo add` eșuează cu `error: no such subcommand`, atunci vă rugăm să "
|
|
"editați manual fișierul `Cargo.toml`. Adăugați dependențele enumerate mai "
|
|
"jos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`](https://docs."
|
|
"rs/scraper/) for that:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Veți avea nevoie, de asemenea, de o modalitate de a găsi legături. Putem "
|
|
"folosi [`scraper`](https://docs.rs/scraper/) pentru asta:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/thiserror/) for that:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În cele din urmă, vom avea nevoie de o modalitate de gestionare a erorilor. "
|
|
"Pentru aceasta, vom folosi [`thiserror`](https://docs.rs/thiserror/):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Apelurile `cargo add` vor actualiza fișierul `Cargo.toml` astfel încât să "
|
|
"arate astfel:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
|
|
"tls\"] }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[pachet]\n"
|
|
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
|
|
"versiune = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependențe]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-"
|
|
"tls\"]] } }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as `https://"
|
|
"www.google.org/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acum puteți descărca pagina de start. Încercați cu un site mic, cum ar fi "
|
|
"`https://www.google.org/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Fișierul dvs. `src/main.rs` ar trebui să arate cam așa:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"request error: {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"bad http response: {0}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"Checking {:#}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"href\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: {err}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"https://www.google.org\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
msgid "\"Links: {links:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
msgid "\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with"
|
|
msgstr "Rulați codul din `src/main.rs` cu"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a "
|
|
"channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Folosiți fire de execuție pentru a verifica legăturile în paralel: trimiteți "
|
|
"URL-urile care trebuie verificate pe un canal și lăsați câteva fire de "
|
|
"execuție să verifice URL-urile în paralel."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the `www.google."
|
|
"org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you don't end up "
|
|
"being blocked by the site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Extindeți acest lucru pentru a extrage în mod recursiv legăturile din toate "
|
|
"paginile de pe domeniul `www.google.org`. Puneți o limită superioară de "
|
|
"aproximativ 100 de pagini, astfel încât să nu ajungeți să fiți blocat de "
|
|
"site."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Concurrency Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Concurrency Exercițiu de dimineață"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"{} is trying to eat\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
" // either of them.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"{thought}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "Verificator de legături"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([back to exercise](link-checker.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Determine whether links within the given page should be extracted.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"/// Mark the given page as visited, returning false if it had already\n"
|
|
" /// been visited.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "// The sender got dropped. No more commands coming in.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"Got crawling error: {:#}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md
|
|
msgid "\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Async Rust"
|
|
msgstr "Async Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed "
|
|
"concurrently by executing each task until it would block, then switching to "
|
|
"another task that is ready to make progress. The model allows running a "
|
|
"larger number of tasks on a limited number of threads. This is because the "
|
|
"per-task overhead is typically very low and operating systems provide "
|
|
"primitives for efficiently identifying I/O that is able to proceed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"\"Async\" este un model de simultaneitate în care mai multe sarcini sunt "
|
|
"executate simultan prin executarea fiecărei sarcini până când se blochează, "
|
|
"apoi se trece la o altă sarcină care este gata să progreseze. Acest model "
|
|
"permite rularea unui număr mai mare de sarcini pe un număr limitat de fire "
|
|
"de execuție. Acest lucru se datorează faptului că, de obicei, costurile de "
|
|
"operare per sarcină sunt foarte scăzute, iar sistemele de operare oferă "
|
|
"primitive pentru identificarea eficientă a I/O care pot continua."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work "
|
|
"that may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they "
|
|
"signal that they are complete."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Funcționarea asincronă a Rust se bazează pe \"futures\", care reprezintă "
|
|
"munca ce poate fi finalizată în viitor. Futures sunt \"interogate\" până "
|
|
"când semnalează că sunt finalizate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are "
|
|
"available."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Futures sunt interogate de un timp de execuție asincron și sunt disponibile "
|
|
"mai multe timpuri de execuție diferite."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is "
|
|
"callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\", "
|
|
"similar to a runtime in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Python are un model similar în `asyncio`. Cu toate acestea, tipul său "
|
|
"`Future` se bazează pe callback și nu pe polled. Programele asincrone din "
|
|
"Python necesită o \"buclă\", similară cu un timp de execuție în Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language "
|
|
"runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise "
|
|
"resolution are hidden."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Promise` din JavaScript este similar, dar se bazează din nou pe callback. "
|
|
"Timpul de execuție al limbajului implementează bucla de evenimente, astfel "
|
|
"încât multe dintre detaliile rezolvării promisiunilor sunt ascunse."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential "
|
|
"code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La un nivel înalt, codul Rust asincron seamănă foarte mult cu codul "
|
|
"secvențial \"normal\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
msgid "\"Count is: {i}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long "
|
|
"running operation or any real concurrency in it!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți că acesta este un exemplu simplificat pentru a arăta sintaxa. Nu "
|
|
"există nicio operațiune de lungă durată sau vreo concurență reală!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "What is the return type of an async call?"
|
|
msgstr "Care este tipul de returnare al unui apel asincron?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați `let future: () = async_main(10);` în `main` pentru a vedea tipul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return "
|
|
"type with a future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuvântul cheie \"async\" este un zahăr sintactic. Compilatorul înlocuiește "
|
|
"tipul return cu un future."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the "
|
|
"compiler on how to use the returned future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nu puteți face ca `main` să fie asincron, fără instrucțiuni suplimentare "
|
|
"pentru compilator cu privire la modul de utilizare a viitorului returnat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread "
|
|
"until the provided future has run to completion."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aveți nevoie de un executor pentru a rula cod asincron. `block_on` blochează "
|
|
"firul curent până când viitorul furnizat a fost executat până la finalizare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. "
|
|
"Unlike `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`.await` așteaptă în mod asincron finalizarea unei alte operațiuni. Spre "
|
|
"deosebire de `block_on`, `.await` nu blochează firul curent."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are "
|
|
"introduced later)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`.await` poate fi folosit numai în interiorul unei funcții `async` (sau "
|
|
"bloc; acestea sunt prezentate mai târziu)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) is a "
|
|
"trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be "
|
|
"complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a [`Poll`](https://"
|
|
"doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html) este o "
|
|
"trăsătură, implementată de obiecte care reprezintă o operațiune care poate "
|
|
"să nu fie încă finalizată. Un viitor poate fi interogat, iar `poll` "
|
|
"returnează un [`Poll`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but "
|
|
"uncommon) to implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the "
|
|
"`JoinHandle` returned from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow "
|
|
"joining to it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O funcție asincronă returnează un `impl Future`. De asemenea, este posibil "
|
|
"(dar mai puțin obișnuit) să implementați `Future` pentru propriile tipuri. "
|
|
"De exemplu, `JoinHandle` returnat de `tokio::spawn` implementează `Future` "
|
|
"pentru a permite îmbinarea cu acesta."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function "
|
|
"to pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cuvântul cheie `.await`, aplicat la un Future, determină funcția asincronă "
|
|
"curentă să se oprească până când Future-ul este gata și apoi evaluează la "
|
|
"ieșire."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the "
|
|
"links to show the implementations in the docs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tipurile `Future` și `Poll` sunt implementate exact așa cum se arată; faceți "
|
|
"clic pe linkuri pentru a vedea implementările din documentație."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async "
|
|
"code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nu vom ajunge la `Pin` și `Context`, deoarece ne vom concentra pe scrierea "
|
|
"de cod asincron, mai degrabă decât pe construirea de noi primitive "
|
|
"asincrone. Pe scurt:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an "
|
|
"event occurs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Context` permite unui Future să se programeze pentru a fi interogat din nou "
|
|
"atunci când are loc un eveniment."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into "
|
|
"that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain "
|
|
"valid after an `.await`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Pin` se asigură că viitorul nu este mutat în memorie, astfel încât "
|
|
"indicatorii către acel viitor rămân valabili. Acest lucru este necesar "
|
|
"pentru a permite ca referințele să rămână valabile după un `.await`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A _runtime_ provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a "
|
|
"_reactor_) and is responsible for executing futures (an _executor_). Rust "
|
|
"does not have a \"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un _runtime_ oferă suport pentru efectuarea de operații asincrone (un "
|
|
"_reactor_) și este responsabil pentru executarea futures (un _executor_). "
|
|
"Rust nu are un timp de execuție \"încorporat\", dar sunt disponibile mai "
|
|
"multe opțiuni:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of "
|
|
"functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or [Tonic](https://"
|
|
"github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Tokio](https://tokio.rs/): performant, cu un ecosistem bine dezvoltat de "
|
|
"funcționalități precum [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) pentru HTTP sau [Tonic]"
|
|
"(https://github.com/hyperium/tonic) pentru gRPC."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[async-std](https://async.rs/): aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes "
|
|
"a basic runtime in `async::task`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[async-std](https://async.rs/): își propune să fie un \"std pentru async\" "
|
|
"și include un timp de execuție de bază în `async::task`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simple and lightweight"
|
|
msgstr "[smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/): simplu și ușor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example, [Fuchsia]"
|
|
"(https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-"
|
|
"async/src/lib.rs) already has one."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mai multe aplicații mai mari au propriile lor timpuri de execuție. De "
|
|
"exemplu, [Fuchsia](https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/"
|
|
"main/src/lib/fuchsia-async/src/lib.rs) are deja unul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust "
|
|
"playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting "
|
|
"async things can't run in the playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți că, dintre timpii de execuție enumerați, numai Tokio este acceptat "
|
|
"în zona de joacă Rust. De asemenea, terenul de joacă nu permite niciun fel "
|
|
"de I/O, astfel încât cele mai multe lucruri asincrone interesante nu pot fi "
|
|
"rulate în terenul de joacă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O "
|
|
"operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS "
|
|
"Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never "
|
|
"used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Futures sunt \"inerți\", în sensul că nu fac nimic (nici măcar nu încep o "
|
|
"operațiune de I/O) decât dacă există un executor care să le interogheze. "
|
|
"Acest lucru este diferit de JS Promises, de exemplu, care vor fi executate "
|
|
"până la finalizare chiar dacă nu sunt folosite niciodată."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Tokio provides:"
|
|
msgstr "Tokio oferă:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Un timp de execuție cu mai multe fire de execuție pentru executarea de cod "
|
|
"asincron."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "An asynchronous version of the standard library."
|
|
msgstr "O versiune asincronă a bibliotecii standard."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A large ecosystem of libraries."
|
|
msgstr "Un ecosistem mare de biblioteci."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "\"Count in task: {i}!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
msgid "\"Main task: {i}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cu ajutorul macroului `tokio::main` putem face acum ca `main` să fie "
|
|
"asincronizat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\"."
|
|
msgstr "Funcția `spawn` creează o nouă \"sarcină\" concurentă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`."
|
|
msgstr "Notă: `spawn` ia un `Future`, nu se apelează `.await` pe `count_to`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "**Further exploration:**"
|
|
msgstr "**Explorare suplimentară:**"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async "
|
|
"cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait "
|
|
"until it finishes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De ce `count_to` nu ajunge (de obicei) la 10? Acesta este un exemplu de "
|
|
"anulare asincronă. `tokio::spawn` returnează un handle care poate fi "
|
|
"așteptat pentru a aștepta până când se termină."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning."
|
|
msgstr "Încearcă `count_to(10).await` în loc de spawning."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`."
|
|
msgstr "Încercați să așteptați sarcina returnată de `tokio::spawn`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust has a task system, which is a form of lightweight threading."
|
|
msgstr "Rust are un sistem de sarcini, care este o formă de threading ușor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make "
|
|
"progress. That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` "
|
|
"method polls, corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a "
|
|
"task is possible by polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer "
|
|
"and an I/O operation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O sarcină are un singur viitor de nivel superior pe care executorul îl "
|
|
"sondează pentru a progresa. Acel viitor poate avea unul sau mai multe "
|
|
"viitoare imbricate pe care metoda sa `poll` le interoghează, ceea ce "
|
|
"corespunde, în linii mari, unei stive de apeluri. Concurența în cadrul unei "
|
|
"sarcini este posibilă prin interogarea mai multor futures mai mici, cum ar "
|
|
"fi cursele dintre un cronometru și o operațiune I/O."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "\"127.0.0.1:0\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "\"listening on port {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "\"connection from {addr:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "b\"Who are you?\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "\"socket error\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
msgid "\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copiați acest exemplu în fișierul pregătit `src/main.rs` și rulați-l de "
|
|
"acolo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try connecting to it with a TCP connection tool like [nc](https://www.unix."
|
|
"com/man-page/linux/1/nc/) or [telnet](https://www.unix.com/man-page/linux/1/"
|
|
"telnet/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Încercați să vă conectați la acesta cu un instrument de conexiune TCP, cum "
|
|
"ar fi [nc](https://www.unix.com/man-page/linux/1/nc/) sau [telnet](https://"
|
|
"www.unix.com/man-page/linux/1/telnet/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with "
|
|
"a few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Cereți elevilor să vizualizeze care ar fi starea serverului de exemplu cu "
|
|
"câțiva clienți conectați. Ce sarcini există? Care este viitorul lor?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a "
|
|
"closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future, "
|
|
"similar to an `async fn`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceasta este prima dată când vedem un bloc `async`. Acesta este asemănător "
|
|
"cu o închidere, dar nu primește niciun argument. Valoarea sa de întoarcere "
|
|
"este un Future, similar cu un `async fn`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling "
|
|
"using `?`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Refaceți blocul asincron într-o funcție și îmbunătățiți gestionarea erorilor "
|
|
"folosind `?`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Several crates have support for asynchronous channels. For instance `tokio`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Mai multe crates au suport pentru canale asincrone. De exemplu, `tokio`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"Received {count} pings so far.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"ping_handler complete\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to send ping.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"Sent {} pings so far.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
msgid "\"Something went wrong in ping handler task.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Schimbați dimensiunea canalului la `3` și vedeți cum afectează execuția."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the "
|
|
"[morning class](concurrency/channels.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În general, interfața este similară cu cea a canalelor `sync`, așa cum se "
|
|
"vede în [morning class](concurrency/channels.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?"
|
|
msgstr "Încercați să eliminați apelul `std::mem::drop`. Ce se întâmplă? De ce?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that "
|
|
"implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient "
|
|
"for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crate [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) are canale care "
|
|
"implementează atât `sync` cât și `async` `send` și `recv`. Acest lucru poate "
|
|
"fi convenabil pentru aplicațiile complexe cu sarcini de procesare atât IO, "
|
|
"cât și grele pentru CPU."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to "
|
|
"combine them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control "
|
|
"flow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ceea ce face ca lucrul cu canalele `async` să fie preferabil este "
|
|
"capacitatea de a le combina cu alte `future` pentru a le combina și a crea "
|
|
"un flux de control complex."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Futures Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "Fluxul de control al contractelor futures"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. "
|
|
"We have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of "
|
|
"execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Futures pot fi combinate împreună pentru a produce grafice de flux de calcul "
|
|
"concurent. Am văzut deja sarcini, care funcționează ca fire de execuție "
|
|
"independente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Join](control-flow/join.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Join](control-flow/join.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Select](control-flow/select.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Selectare](control-flow/select.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and returns "
|
|
"a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in "
|
|
"JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O operațiune de îmbinare așteaptă până când toți viitorii dintr-un set de "
|
|
"viitoare sunt gata și returnează o colecție de rezultate ale acestora. Acest "
|
|
"lucru este similar cu `Promise.all` în JavaScript sau `asyncio.gather` în "
|
|
"Python."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "\"https://google.com\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "\"https://httpbin.org/ip\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "\"https://play.rust-lang.org/\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
msgid "\"BAD_URL\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but "
|
|
"you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is "
|
|
"currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru mai multe futures de tipuri disjuncte, puteți utiliza `std::future::"
|
|
"join!`, dar trebuie să știți câte futures veți avea în momentul compilării. "
|
|
"Acest lucru se află în prezent în crăiasa `futures`, urmând a fi stabilizat "
|
|
"în curând în `std::future`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would "
|
|
"cause your program to stall."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Riscul `join` este ca unul dintre futures să nu se rezolve niciodată, ceea "
|
|
"ce ar face ca programul dumneavoastră să se blocheze."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all "
|
|
"requests to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a "
|
|
"`tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a "
|
|
"timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but "
|
|
"demonstrates `join!`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De asemenea, puteți combina `join_all` cu `join!`, de exemplu, pentru a uni "
|
|
"toate cererile către un serviciu http, precum și o interogare a unei baze de "
|
|
"date. Încercați să adăugați un `tokio::time::sleep` la viitor, folosind "
|
|
"`futures::join!`. Acesta nu este un timeout (care necesită `select!`, "
|
|
"explicat în capitolul următor), ci demonstrează `join!`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and "
|
|
"responds to that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise."
|
|
"race`. In Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio."
|
|
"FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O operațiune de selectare așteaptă până când oricare dintre un set de "
|
|
"viitoare este gata și răspunde la rezultatul viitorului respectiv. În "
|
|
"JavaScript, această operațiune este similară cu `Promise.race`. În Python, "
|
|
"se compară cu `asyncio.wait(task_set, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar to a match statement, the body of `select!` has a number of arms, "
|
|
"each of the form `pattern = future => statement`. When a `future` is ready, "
|
|
"its return value is destructured by the `pattern`. The `statement` is then "
|
|
"run with the resulting variables. The `statement` result becomes the result "
|
|
"of the `select!` macro."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"La fel ca o instrucțiune match, corpul instrucțiunii `select!` are mai multe "
|
|
"brațe, fiecare de forma `pattern = future => statement`. Când `future` este "
|
|
"gata, `statement` este executat cu variabilele din `pattern` legate de "
|
|
"rezultatul `future`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "\"Felix\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to send cat.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "\"Rex\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to send dog.\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "\"Failed to receive winner\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
msgid "\"Winner is {winner:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog. "
|
|
"`first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick "
|
|
"whichever arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat "
|
|
"that take 500ms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În acest exemplu, avem o cursă între o pisică și un câine. "
|
|
"`first_animal_to_finish_race` ascultă ambele canale și îl va alege pe cel "
|
|
"care ajunge primul. Deoarece câinele are nevoie de 50ms, câștigă împotriva "
|
|
"pisicii care are nevoie de 500ms."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed "
|
|
"to receive only one `send`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În acest exemplu, puteți utiliza canale `oneshot`, deoarece canalele trebuie "
|
|
"să primească doar un singur `send`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts "
|
|
"of futures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Încercați să adăugați un termen limită la cursă, demonstrând că ați selectat "
|
|
"diferite tipuri de viitoruri."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `select!` drops unmatched branches, which cancels their futures. "
|
|
"It is easiest to use when every execution of `select!` creates new futures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rețineți că `select!` renunță la ramurile nepotrivite, ceea ce anulează "
|
|
"viitorul acestora. Este cel mai ușor de utilizat atunci când fiecare "
|
|
"execuție a `select!` creează noi futures."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An alternative is to pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but "
|
|
"this can lead to issues, further discussed in the pinning slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O alternativă este de a trece `&mut future` în locul viitorului însuși, dar "
|
|
"acest lucru poate duce la probleme, discutate în continuare în slide-ul cu "
|
|
"privire la fixarea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Pitfalls of async/await"
|
|
msgstr "Capcanele lui async/await"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent "
|
|
"asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes "
|
|
"with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this "
|
|
"chapter:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Async / await oferă o abstractizare convenabilă și eficientă pentru "
|
|
"programarea asincronă concurentă. Cu toate acestea, modelul async/await din "
|
|
"Rust vine și el cu partea sa de capcane și piedici. În acest capitol "
|
|
"ilustrăm câteva dintre ele:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Blocarea executorului](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Async Traits](pitfalls/async-traits.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Trăsături asincrone](pitfalls/async-traits.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Cancellation](pitfalls/cancellation.md)"
|
|
msgstr "[Anulare](pitfalls/cancellation.md)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Blocking the executor"
|
|
msgstr "Blocarea executorului"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently. This means that "
|
|
"CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from "
|
|
"being executed. An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where "
|
|
"possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Majoritatea timpilor de execuție asincronă permit doar executarea simultană "
|
|
"a sarcinilor IO. Aceasta înseamnă că sarcinile care blochează CPU vor bloca "
|
|
"executorul și vor împiedica executarea altor sarcini. O soluție ușoară este "
|
|
"utilizarea unor metode echivalente asincrone acolo unde este posibil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid "\"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
msgid "\"current_thread\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than "
|
|
"concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rulați codul și vedeți că somnul se produce consecutiv și nu concomitent."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This "
|
|
"makes the effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-"
|
|
"threaded flavor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aroma `\"current_thread\"` pune toate sarcinile pe un singur fir. Acest "
|
|
"lucru face ca efectul să fie mai evident, dar eroarea este încă prezentă în "
|
|
"varianta cu mai multe fire."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Schimbă `std::thread::sleep` cu `tokio::time::sleep` și așteaptă rezultatul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual "
|
|
"thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O altă soluție ar fi `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` care generează un fir "
|
|
"real și transformă mânerul său într-un viitor fără a bloca executorul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most "
|
|
"executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is "
|
|
"particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, "
|
|
"where that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific "
|
|
"OS threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such "
|
|
"situations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nu ar trebui să vă gândiți la sarcini ca la fire de sistem de operare. "
|
|
"Acestea nu se corelează 1 la 1 și majoritatea executorilor vor permite "
|
|
"rularea mai multor sarcini pe un singur fir OS. Acest lucru este deosebit de "
|
|
"problematic atunci când interacționați cu alte biblioteci prin intermediul "
|
|
"FFI, în cazul în care biblioteca respectivă ar putea depinde de stocarea "
|
|
"locală a firelor de execuție sau ar putea fi mapată pe anumite fire de "
|
|
"execuție ale sistemului de operare (de exemplu, CUDA). Preferați `tokio::"
|
|
"task::spawn_blocking` în astfel de situații."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause "
|
|
"another task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Utilizați mutexurile de sincronizare cu grijă. Menținerea unui mutex peste "
|
|
"un `.await` poate provoca blocarea unei alte sarcini, iar acea sarcină poate "
|
|
"fi executată pe același fir."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async blocks and functions return types implementing the `Future` trait. The "
|
|
"type returned is the result of a compiler transformation which turns local "
|
|
"variables into data stored inside the future."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some of those variables can hold pointers to other local variables. Because "
|
|
"of that, the future should never be moved to a different memory location, as "
|
|
"it would invalidate those pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To prevent moving the future type in memory, it can only be polled through a "
|
|
"pinned pointer. `Pin` is a wrapper around a reference that disallows all "
|
|
"operations that would move the instance it points to into a different memory "
|
|
"location."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n"
|
|
"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "// Pretend to work.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "\"failed to send response\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "\"failed to send on work queue\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "\"failed waiting for response\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid "\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors typically "
|
|
"call `select!` in a loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este posibil să recunoașteți acest lucru ca fiind un exemplu de model actor. "
|
|
"De obicei, actorii apelează `select!` într-o buclă."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your "
|
|
"time with it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aceasta este o rezumare a câtorva dintre lecțiile anterioare, așa că nu vă "
|
|
"grăbiți cu ea."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }` to "
|
|
"the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Adăugați în mod naiv un `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!"
|
|
"(..) }` la `select!`. Aceasta nu se va executa niciodată. De ce?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În schimb, adăugați un `timeout_fut` care să conțină acel viitor în afara "
|
|
"`loop`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the "
|
|
"`timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using `Box::"
|
|
"pin`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru tot nu funcționează. Urmați erorile compilatorului, adăugând "
|
|
"`&mut` la `timeout_fut` în `select!` pentru a evita deplasarea, apoi "
|
|
"utilizați `Box::pin`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every "
|
|
"iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset "
|
|
"`timeout_fut` every time it expires."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Acest lucru se compilează, dar odată ce expiră timpul de așteptare este "
|
|
"`Poll::Ready` la fiecare iterație (un viitor fuzionat ar ajuta cu acest "
|
|
"lucru). Actualizați pentru a reseta `timeout_fut` de fiecare dată când "
|
|
"expiră."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently "
|
|
"stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, "
|
|
"but that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Box alocă pe heap. În unele cazuri, `std::pin::pin!` (stabilizat doar "
|
|
"recent, codul mai vechi folosind adesea `tokio::pin!`) este, de asemenea, o "
|
|
"opțiune, dar este dificil de utilizat pentru un viitor care este realocat."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that "
|
|
"will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O altă alternativă este să nu folosiți `pin` deloc, ci să generați o altă "
|
|
"sarcină care va trimite la un canal `oneshot` la fiecare 100ms."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Data that contains pointers to itself is called self-referential. Normally, "
|
|
"the Rust borrow checker would prevent self-referential data from being "
|
|
"moved, as the references cannot outlive the data they point to. However, the "
|
|
"code transformation for async blocks and functions is not verified by the "
|
|
"borrow checker."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Pin` is a wrapper around a reference. An object cannot be moved from its "
|
|
"place using a pinned pointer. However, it can still be moved through an "
|
|
"unpinned pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `poll` method of the `Future` trait uses `Pin<&mut Self>` instead of "
|
|
"`&mut Self` to refer to the instance. That's why it can only be called on a "
|
|
"pinned pointer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An "
|
|
"experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid "
|
|
"term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-"
|
|
"nightly.html))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Metodele asincrone din trăsături nu sunt încă acceptate în canalul stabil "
|
|
"([O caracteristică experimentală există în nightly și ar trebui să fie "
|
|
"stabilizată pe termen mediu.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-"
|
|
"rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-nightly.html))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) "
|
|
"provides a workaround through a macro:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) oferă o "
|
|
"soluție de rezolvare prin intermediul unei macro:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid "\"running all sleepers..\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
msgid "\"slept for {}ms\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to "
|
|
"achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`async_trait` este ușor de utilizat, dar rețineți că utilizează alocări heap "
|
|
"pentru a realiza acest lucru. Această alocare în heap are costuri "
|
|
"suplimentare de performanță."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and "
|
|
"probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of "
|
|
"explaining them in [this post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/"
|
|
"blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/) if you are interested in "
|
|
"digging deeper."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Provocările în ceea ce privește suportul lingvistic pentru `async trait` "
|
|
"sunt adânci Rust și probabil nu merită să fie descrise în profunzime. Niko "
|
|
"Matsakis a făcut o treabă bună explicându-le în [această postare](https://"
|
|
"smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-"
|
|
"hard/) dacă sunteți interesat să aprofundați."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of "
|
|
"time and adding it to the Vec."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Încercați să creați o nouă structură de somn care va dormi pentru o perioadă "
|
|
"de timp aleatorie și adăugați-o la Vec."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dropping a future implies it can never be polled again. This is called "
|
|
"_cancellation_ and it can occur at any `await` point. Care is needed to "
|
|
"ensure the system works correctly even when futures are cancelled. For "
|
|
"example, it shouldn't deadlock or lose data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Renunțarea la un viitor implică faptul că acesta nu mai poate fi interogat "
|
|
"niciodată. Acest lucru se numește _cancellation_ și poate avea loc în orice "
|
|
"punct de așteptare (`await`). Este necesară o atenție deosebită pentru a se "
|
|
"asigura că sistemul funcționează corect chiar și atunci când futures sunt "
|
|
"anulate. De exemplu, nu trebuie să se blocheze sau să piardă date."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "\"not UTF-8\""
|
|
msgstr "UTF-8"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "\"hi\\nthere\\n\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "\"tick!\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The compiler doesn't help with cancellation-safety. You need to read API "
|
|
"documentation and consider what state your `async fn` holds."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Compilatorul nu vă ajută în ceea ce privește siguranța la anulare. Trebuie "
|
|
"să citiți documentația API și să vă gândiți la starea pe care o deține "
|
|
"`async fn`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unlike `panic` and `?`, cancellation is part of normal control flow (vs "
|
|
"error-handling)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Spre deosebire de `panic` și `?`, anularea face parte din fluxul normal de "
|
|
"control (față de gestionarea erorilor)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The example loses parts of the string."
|
|
msgstr "Exemplul pierde părți din șir."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Whenever the `tick()` branch finishes first, `next()` and its `buf` are "
|
|
"dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ori de câte ori ramura `tick()` se termină prima, se renunță la `next()` și "
|
|
"la `buf` al acestuia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`LinesReader` can be made cancellation-safe by making `buf` part of the "
|
|
"struct:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`LinesReader` poate fi securizat împotriva anulării prin includerea lui "
|
|
"`buf` în structură:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
msgid "// prefix buf and bytes with self.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval."
|
|
"html#method.tick) is cancellation-safe because it keeps track of whether a "
|
|
"tick has been 'delivered'."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Interval::tick`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/time/struct.Interval."
|
|
"html#method.tick) este sigur în ceea ce privește anularea, deoarece ține "
|
|
"evidența dacă un tick a fost \"livrat\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) is cancellation-safe because it either "
|
|
"returns or doesn't read data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`AsyncReadExt::read`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncReadExt.html#method.read) este sigur în ceea ce privește anularea, "
|
|
"deoarece fie returnează, fie nu citește datele."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/cancellation.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) is similar to the example and _isn't_ "
|
|
"cancellation-safe. See its documentation for details and alternatives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`AsyncBufReadExt::read_line`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait."
|
|
"AsyncBufReadExt.html#method.read_line) este similar cu exemplul și _nu este_ "
|
|
"sigur la anulare. Consultați documentația sa pentru detalii și alternative."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru a vă exersa abilitățile Async Rust, avem din nou două exerciții "
|
|
"pentru dumneavoastră:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time "
|
|
"you are going to implement it with Async Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Filozofii din sala de mese: am văzut deja această problemă de dimineață. De "
|
|
"data aceasta o veți implementa cu Async Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you "
|
|
"experiment with more advanced Async Rust features."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O aplicație de chat cu difuzare: acesta este un proiect mai mare care vă "
|
|
"permite să experimentați cu caracteristici Async Rust mai avansate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Dining Philosophers --- Async"
|
|
msgstr "Filozofii care mănâncă - Async"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the "
|
|
"problem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vezi [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) pentru o descriere a "
|
|
"problemei."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As before, you will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-"
|
|
"locally.md) for this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/"
|
|
"main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ca și înainte, veți avea nevoie de o [instalare Cargo] locală (../../cargo/"
|
|
"running-locally.md) pentru acest exercițiu. Copiați codul de mai jos într-un "
|
|
"fișier numit `src/main.rs`, completați spațiile goale și testați dacă `cargo "
|
|
"run` nu se blochează:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency. "
|
|
"You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Deoarece de data aceasta folosiți Async Rust, veți avea nevoie de o "
|
|
"dependență `tokio`. Puteți utiliza următorul `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"tokio = { version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", "
|
|
"\"rt-multi-thread\"] }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[pachet]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n"
|
|
"versiune = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependențe]\n"
|
|
"tokio = {version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", "
|
|
"\"rt-multi-thread\"]}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module "
|
|
"from the `tokio` crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"De asemenea, rețineți că de data aceasta trebuie să folosiți modulele "
|
|
"`Mutex` și `mpsc` de la `tokio` crate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Can you make your implementation single-threaded?"
|
|
msgstr "Poți face ca implementarea ta să fie cu un singur fir de execuție?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast "
|
|
"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and "
|
|
"publish their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard "
|
|
"input, and sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message "
|
|
"that it receives to all the clients."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În acest exercițiu, dorim să folosim noile noastre cunoștințe pentru a "
|
|
"implementa o aplicație de chat cu difuzare. Avem un server de chat la care "
|
|
"clienții se conectează și își publică mesajele. Clientul citește mesajele "
|
|
"utilizatorilor de la intrarea standard și le trimite la server. Serverul de "
|
|
"chat difuzează fiecare mesaj pe care îl primește către toți clienții."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, we use [a broadcast channel](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/"
|
|
"sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) on the server, and [`tokio_websockets`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/) for the communication between the client "
|
|
"and the server."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pentru aceasta, folosim [un canal de difuzare](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/"
|
|
"tokio/sync/broadcast/fn.channel.html) pe server și [`tokio_websockets`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.4.0/tokio_websockets/) pentru "
|
|
"comunicarea dintre client și server."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:"
|
|
msgstr "Creați un nou proiect Cargo și adăugați următoarele dependențe:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_Cargo.toml_:"
|
|
msgstr "_Cargo.toml_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"chat-async\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"futures-util = { version = \"0.3.30\", features = [\"sink\"] }\n"
|
|
"http = \"1.0.0\"\n"
|
|
"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n"
|
|
"tokio-websockets = { version = \"0.5.1\", features = [\"client\", "
|
|
"\"fastrand\", \"server\", \"sha1_smol\"] }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[pachet]\n"
|
|
"name = \"chat-async\"\n"
|
|
"versiune = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependențe]\n"
|
|
"futures-util = { version = \"0.3.28\", features = [\"sink\"]] }\n"
|
|
"http = \"0.2.9\"\n"
|
|
"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"]] }\n"
|
|
"tokio-websockets = { version = \"0.4.0\", features = [\"client\", "
|
|
"\"fastrand\", \"server\", \"sha1_smol\"] } }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The required APIs"
|
|
msgstr "API-urile necesare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and "
|
|
"[`tokio_websockets`](https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/). Spend a few minutes "
|
|
"to familiarize yourself with the API."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Veți avea nevoie de următoarele funcții din `tokio` și [`tokio_websockets`]"
|
|
"(https://docs.rs/tokio-websockets/0.4.0/tokio_websockets/). Petreceți câteva "
|
|
"minute pentru a vă familiariza cu API-ul."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[StreamExt::next()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/stream/"
|
|
"trait.StreamExt.html#method.next) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for "
|
|
"asynchronously reading messages from a Websocket Stream."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[StreamExt::next()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/stream/"
|
|
"trait.StreamExt.html#method.next) implementat de `WebsocketStream`: pentru "
|
|
"citirea asincronă a mesajelor dintr-un flux Websocket."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/"
|
|
"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implemented by `WebSocketStream`: for "
|
|
"asynchronously sending messages on a Websocket Stream."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[SinkExt::send()](https://docs.rs/futures-util/0.3.28/futures_util/sink/"
|
|
"trait.SinkExt.html#method.send) implementat de `WebsocketStream`: pentru "
|
|
"trimiterea asincronă de mesaje pe un flux Websocket."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines."
|
|
"html#method.next_line): for asynchronously reading user messages from the "
|
|
"standard input."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Lines::next_line()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/struct.Lines."
|
|
"html#method.next_line): pentru citirea asincronă a mesajelor utilizatorului "
|
|
"de la intrarea standard."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/"
|
|
"struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): for subscribing to a broadcast channel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Sender::subscribe()](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/"
|
|
"struct.Sender.html#method.subscribe): pentru abonarea la un canal de "
|
|
"difuzare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Two binaries"
|
|
msgstr "Două binare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one `src/main."
|
|
"rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client, and one "
|
|
"for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo projects, "
|
|
"but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two binaries. "
|
|
"For this to work, the client and the server code should go under `src/bin` "
|
|
"(see the [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-"
|
|
"targets.html#binaries))."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"În mod normal, într-un proiect Cargo, puteți avea un singur fișier binar și "
|
|
"un singur fișier `src/main.rs`. În acest proiect, avem nevoie de două "
|
|
"fișiere binare. Unul pentru client și unul pentru server. Ați putea eventual "
|
|
"să le faceți două proiecte Cargo separate, dar noi le vom pune într-un "
|
|
"singur proiect Cargo cu două binare. Pentru ca acest lucru să funcționeze, "
|
|
"codul clientului și cel al serverului trebuie să se regăsească în `src/bin` "
|
|
"(a se vedea [documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/cargo-"
|
|
"targets.html#binaries))."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and `src/"
|
|
"bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as "
|
|
"described below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copiați următorul cod server și client în `src/bin/server.rs` și, respectiv, "
|
|
"`src/bin/client.rs`. Sarcina dumneavoastră este de a completa aceste fișiere "
|
|
"așa cum este descris mai jos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/bin/server.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "src/bin/server.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
msgid "// TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"127.0.0.1:2000\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"listening on port 2000\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"New connection from {addr:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "_src/bin/client.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "src/bin/client.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Running the binaries"
|
|
msgstr "Rularea fișierelor binare"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Run the server with:"
|
|
msgstr "Rulați serverul cu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "and the client with:"
|
|
msgstr "și clientul cu:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`."
|
|
msgstr "Implementați funcția `handle_connection` în `src/bin/server.rs`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a "
|
|
"continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts "
|
|
"them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Indicație: Folosiți `tokio::select!` pentru a efectua concomitent două "
|
|
"sarcini într-o buclă continuă. O sarcină primește mesaje de la client și le "
|
|
"difuzează. Cealaltă trimite mesajele primite de server către client."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`."
|
|
msgstr "Completați funcția principală din `src/bin/client.rs`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently "
|
|
"performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and "
|
|
"sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and "
|
|
"displaying them for the user."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sugestie: Ca și înainte, utilizați `tokio::select!` într-o buclă continuă "
|
|
"pentru a efectua concomitent două sarcini: (1) citirea mesajelor "
|
|
"utilizatorului de la intrarea standard și trimiterea lor la server și (2) "
|
|
"primirea mesajelor de la server și afișarea lor pentru utilizator."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all "
|
|
"clients, but the sender of the message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Opțional: După ce ați terminat, modificați codul pentru a difuza mesajele "
|
|
"către toți clienții, cu excepția expeditorului mesajului."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Concurrency Afternoon Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "Exercițiul de după-amiază Concurrency"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the execution\n"
|
|
" // to transfer to another task\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// The locks are dropped here\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
" // either of them.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Here is a thought: {thought}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"// A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) receiving\n"
|
|
" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n"
|
|
" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sugestie: Ca și înainte, utilizați `tokio::select!` într-o buclă continuă "
|
|
"pentru a efectua concomitent două sarcini: (1) citirea mesajelor "
|
|
"utilizatorului de la intrarea standard și trimiterea lor la server și (2) "
|
|
"primirea mesajelor de la server și afișarea lor pentru utilizator."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"From client {addr:?} {text:?}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "// Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md
|
|
msgid "\"From server: {}\""
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and "
|
|
"that it was useful."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"vă mulțumim că ați luat Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ Sperăm că v-a plăcut și că a "
|
|
"fost util."
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not "
|
|
"perfect, so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, "
|
|
"please get in [contact with us on GitHub](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love to hear from you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ne-am distrat foarte mult la amenajarea traseului. Cursul nu este perfect, "
|
|
"așa că, dacă ați observat greșeli sau aveți idei de îmbunătățire, vă rugăm "
|
|
"să intrați în [contactați-ne pe GitHub](https://github.com/google/"
|
|
"comprehensive-rust/discussions). Ne-ar face plăcere să avem vești de la voi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The following is a glossary which aims to give a short definition of many "
|
|
"Rust terms. For translations, this also serves to connect the term back to "
|
|
"the English original."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Următorul glosar este un glosar care își propune să ofere o scurtă definiție "
|
|
"a numeroși termeni Rust. În cazul traducerilor, acesta servește, de "
|
|
"asemenea, pentru a face legătura între termenul respectiv și originalul în "
|
|
"limba engleză."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"allocate: \n"
|
|
"Dynamic memory allocation on [the heap](memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"să aloce: \n"
|
|
"Alocarea dinamică a memoriei pe [heap](memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"argument: \n"
|
|
"Information that is passed into a function or method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Bare-metal Rust: \n"
|
|
"Low-level Rust development, often deployed to a system without an operating "
|
|
"system. See [Bare-metal Rust](bare-metal.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust de metal gol:\n"
|
|
"Dezvoltare Rust de nivel scăzut, adesea implementată pe un sistem fără "
|
|
"sistem de operare. A se vedea [Bare-metal Rust](bare-metal.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"block: \n"
|
|
"See [Blocks](control-flow/blocks.md) and _scope_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"bloc:\n"
|
|
"A se vedea [Blocuri](control-flow/blocks.md) și _scope_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"borrow: \n"
|
|
"See [Borrowing](ownership/borrowing.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"împrumut:\n"
|
|
"A se vedea [Împrumut](ownership/borrowing.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"borrow checker: \n"
|
|
"The part of the Rust compiler which checks that all borrows are valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"verificator de împrumuturi:\n"
|
|
"Partea din compilatorul Rust care verifică dacă toate împrumuturile sunt "
|
|
"valide."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"brace: \n"
|
|
"`{` and `}`. Also called _curly brace_, they delimit _blocks_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"bretele:\n"
|
|
"`{` și `}`. Numite și _curly brace_, ele delimitează _blocuri_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"build: \n"
|
|
"The process of converting source code into executable code or a usable "
|
|
"program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"call: \n"
|
|
"To invoke or execute a function or method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"channel: \n"
|
|
"Used to safely pass messages [between threads](concurrency/channels.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"canal: \n"
|
|
"Folosit pentru a transmite în siguranță mesaje [între fire] (concurrency/"
|
|
"channels.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Comprehensive Rust 🦀: \n"
|
|
"The courses here are jointly called Comprehensive Rust 🦀."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rugină cuprinzătoare 🦀:\n"
|
|
"Cursurile de aici se numesc în comun Comprehensive Rust 🦀."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"concurrency: \n"
|
|
"The execution of multiple tasks or processes at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Concurrency in Rust: \n"
|
|
"See [Concurrency in Rust](concurrency.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Concurrency în Rust:\n"
|
|
"A se vedea [Concurrency in Rust](concurrency.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"constant: \n"
|
|
"A value that does not change during the execution of a program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"control flow: \n"
|
|
"The order in which the individual statements or instructions are executed in "
|
|
"a program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"crash: \n"
|
|
"An unexpected and unhandled failure or termination of a program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"enumeration: \n"
|
|
"A data type that holds one of several named constants, possibly with an "
|
|
"associated tuple or struct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"error: \n"
|
|
"An unexpected condition or result that deviates from the expected behavior."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"error handling: \n"
|
|
"The process of managing and responding to errors that occur during program "
|
|
"execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"exercise: \n"
|
|
"A task or problem designed to practice and test programming skills."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"function: \n"
|
|
"A reusable block of code that performs a specific task."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"garbage collector: \n"
|
|
"A mechanism that automatically frees up memory occupied by objects that are "
|
|
"no longer in use."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"generics: \n"
|
|
"A feature that allows writing code with placeholders for types, enabling "
|
|
"code reuse with different data types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"immutable: \n"
|
|
"Unable to be changed after creation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"integration test: \n"
|
|
"A type of test that verifies the interactions between different parts or "
|
|
"components of a system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"keyword: \n"
|
|
"A reserved word in a programming language that has a specific meaning and "
|
|
"cannot be used as an identifier."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"library: \n"
|
|
"A collection of precompiled routines or code that can be used by programs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"macro: \n"
|
|
"Rust macros can be recognized by a `!` in the name. Macros are used when "
|
|
"normal functions are not enough. A typical example is `format!`, which takes "
|
|
"a variable number of arguments, which isn't supported by Rust functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`main` function: \n"
|
|
"Rust programs start executing with the `main` function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"match: \n"
|
|
"A control flow construct in Rust that allows for pattern matching on the "
|
|
"value of an expression."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"memory leak: \n"
|
|
"A situation where a program fails to release memory that is no longer "
|
|
"needed, leading to a gradual increase in memory usage."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"method: \n"
|
|
"A function associated with an object or a type in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"module: \n"
|
|
"A namespace that contains definitions, such as functions, types, or traits, "
|
|
"to organize code in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"move: \n"
|
|
"The transfer of ownership of a value from one variable to another in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"mutable: \n"
|
|
"A property in Rust that allows variables to be modified after they have been "
|
|
"declared."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"ownership: \n"
|
|
"The concept in Rust that defines which part of the code is responsible for "
|
|
"managing the memory associated with a value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"panic: \n"
|
|
"An unrecoverable error condition in Rust that results in the termination of "
|
|
"the program."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"parameter: \n"
|
|
"A value that is passed into a function or method when it is called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"pattern: \n"
|
|
"A combination of values, literals, or structures that can be matched against "
|
|
"an expression in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"payload: \n"
|
|
"The data or information carried by a message, event, or data structure."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"program: \n"
|
|
"A set of instructions that a computer can execute to perform a specific task "
|
|
"or solve a particular problem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"programming language: \n"
|
|
"A formal system used to communicate instructions to a computer, such as Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"receiver: \n"
|
|
"The first parameter in a Rust method that represents the instance on which "
|
|
"the method is called."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"reference counting: \n"
|
|
"A memory management technique in which the number of references to an object "
|
|
"is tracked, and the object is deallocated when the count reaches zero."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"return: \n"
|
|
"A keyword in Rust used to indicate the value to be returned from a function."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust: \n"
|
|
"A systems programming language that focuses on safety, performance, and "
|
|
"concurrency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust Fundamentals: \n"
|
|
"Days 1 to 3 of this course."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Noțiuni fundamentale de rugină:\n"
|
|
"Zilele 1 - 3 ale acestui curs."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust in Android: \n"
|
|
"See [Rust in Android](android.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust în Android:\n"
|
|
"A se vedea [Rust in Android](android.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust in Chromium: \n"
|
|
"See [Rust in Chromium](chromium.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust în Android:\n"
|
|
"A se vedea [Rust in Android](android.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"safe: \n"
|
|
"Refers to code that adheres to Rust's ownership and borrowing rules, "
|
|
"preventing memory-related errors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"scope: \n"
|
|
"The region of a program where a variable is valid and can be used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"standard library: \n"
|
|
"A collection of modules providing essential functionality in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"static: \n"
|
|
"A keyword in Rust used to define static variables or items with a `'static` "
|
|
"lifetime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"string: \n"
|
|
"A data type storing textual data. See [`String` vs `str`](basic-syntax/"
|
|
"string-slices.html) for more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"struct: \n"
|
|
"A composite data type in Rust that groups together variables of different "
|
|
"types under a single name."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"test: \n"
|
|
"A Rust module containing functions that test the correctness of other "
|
|
"functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"thread: \n"
|
|
"A separate sequence of execution in a program, allowing concurrent execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"thread safety: \n"
|
|
"The property of a program that ensures correct behavior in a multithreaded "
|
|
"environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"trait: \n"
|
|
"A collection of methods defined for an unknown type, providing a way to "
|
|
"achieve polymorphism in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"trait bound: \n"
|
|
"An abstraction where you can require types to implement some traits of your "
|
|
"interest."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"tuple: \n"
|
|
"A composite data type that contains variables of different types. Tuple "
|
|
"fields have no names, and are accessed by their ordinal numbers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"type: \n"
|
|
"A classification that specifies which operations can be performed on values "
|
|
"of a particular kind in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"type inference: \n"
|
|
"The ability of the Rust compiler to deduce the type of a variable or "
|
|
"expression."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"undefined behavior: \n"
|
|
"Actions or conditions in Rust that have no specified result, often leading "
|
|
"to unpredictable program behavior."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"union: \n"
|
|
"A data type that can hold values of different types but only one at a time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"unit test: \n"
|
|
"Rust comes with built-in support for running small unit tests and larger "
|
|
"integration tests. See [Unit Tests](testing/unit-tests.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"unit type: \n"
|
|
"Type that holds no data, written as a tuple with no members."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"unsafe: \n"
|
|
"The subset of Rust which allows you to trigger _undefined behavior_. See "
|
|
"[Unsafe Rust](unsafe.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/glossary.md
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"variable: \n"
|
|
"A memory location storing data. Variables are valid in a _scope_."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Other Rust Resources"
|
|
msgstr "Alte resurse privind rugina"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources "
|
|
"online."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Comunitatea Rust a creat o multitudine de resurse online gratuite și de "
|
|
"înaltă calitate."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
msgid "Official Documentation"
|
|
msgstr "Documentație oficială"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Proiectul Rust găzduiește multe resurse. Acestea se referă la Rust în "
|
|
"general:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the "
|
|
"canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a "
|
|
"few projects for people to build."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Limbajul de programare Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): cartea "
|
|
"canonică gratuită despre Rust. Acoperă limbajul în detaliu și include câteva "
|
|
"proiecte pe care oamenii le pot construi."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the "
|
|
"Rust syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. "
|
|
"Sometimes includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code "
|
|
"in the examples."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): acoperă "
|
|
"sintaxa Rust prin intermediul unei serii de exemple care prezintă diferite "
|
|
"construcții. Uneori include mici exerciții în care vi se cere să dezvoltați "
|
|
"codul din exemple."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation "
|
|
"of the standard library for Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): documentația "
|
|
"completă a bibliotecii standard pentru Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete "
|
|
"book which describes the Rust grammar and memory model."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): o carte "
|
|
"incompletă care descrie gramatica și modelul de memorie Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:"
|
|
msgstr "Ghiduri mai specializate găzduite pe site-ul oficial Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust, "
|
|
"including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages "
|
|
"(FFI)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): acoperă Rustul "
|
|
"nesigur, inclusiv lucrul cu pointeri brute și interfața cu alte limbaje "
|
|
"(FFI)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
|
|
"covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the "
|
|
"Rust Book was written."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Programare asincronă în Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/): "
|
|
"acoperă noul model de programare asincronă care a fost introdus după ce a "
|
|
"fost scrisă cartea Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): "
|
|
"an introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating "
|
|
"system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): o "
|
|
"introducere în utilizarea Rust pe dispozitive încorporate fără sistem de "
|
|
"operare."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Unofficial Learning Material"
|
|
msgstr "Material didactic neoficial"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "O mică selecție de alte ghiduri și tutoriale pentru Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust "
|
|
"from the perspective of low-level C programmers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): acoperă "
|
|
"Rust din perspectiva programatorilor C de nivel inferior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
|
|
"rust_for_c/): covers Rust from the perspective of developers who write "
|
|
"firmware in C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust for Embedded C Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/"
|
|
"rust_for_c/): acoperă Rust din perspectiva dezvoltatorilor care scriu "
|
|
"firmware în C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): "
|
|
"covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other "
|
|
"languages such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust pentru profesioniști](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/): "
|
|
"acoperă sintaxa Rust folosind comparații cu alte limbaje precum C, C++, "
|
|
"Java, JavaScript și Python."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help "
|
|
"you learn Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exerciții pentru "
|
|
"a vă ajuta să învățați Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-"
|
|
"material/index.html): a series of small presentations covering both basic "
|
|
"and advanced part of the Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, "
|
|
"and async/await are also covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Ferrous Teaching Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-"
|
|
"material/index.html): o serie de mici prezentări care acoperă atât partea de "
|
|
"bază, cât și cea avansată a limbajului Rust. Sunt abordate și alte subiecte, "
|
|
"cum ar fi WebAssembly și async/await."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Beginner's Series to Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-"
|
|
"series-to-rust/) and [Take your first steps with Rust](https://docs."
|
|
"microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two Rust guides aimed at "
|
|
"new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the second is a set of "
|
|
"11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Beginner's Series to Rust] (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/"
|
|
"beginners-series-to-rust/) și [Take your first steps with Rust] (https://"
|
|
"docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): două ghiduri Rust "
|
|
"destinate noilor dezvoltatori. Primul este un set de 35 de videoclipuri, iar "
|
|
"al doilea este un set de 11 module care acoperă sintaxa Rust și "
|
|
"construcțiile de bază."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial."
|
|
"github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth exploration of Rust's memory management "
|
|
"rules, through implementing a few different types of list structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked Lists](https://rust-unofficial."
|
|
"github.io/too-many-lists/): explorarea în profunzime a regulilor de "
|
|
"gestionare a memoriei din Rust, prin implementarea câtorva tipuri diferite "
|
|
"de structuri de liste."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) "
|
|
"for even more Rust books."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vă rugăm să consultați [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/"
|
|
"book/) pentru și mai multe cărți Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust "
|
|
"documentation. See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a "
|
|
"full list of useful resources."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Materialul de aici se bazează pe numeroasele surse excelente de documentație "
|
|
"Rust. Consultați pagina privind [alte resurse](other-resources.md) pentru o "
|
|
"listă completă de resurse utile."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache "
|
|
"2.0 license, please see [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-"
|
|
"rust/blob/main/LICENSE) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Materialul din Comprehensive Rust este licențiat în conformitate cu termenii "
|
|
"licenței Apache 2.0, vă rugăm să consultați [`LICENSE`](https://github.com/"
|
|
"google/comprehensive-rust/blob/main/LICENSE) pentru detalii."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust by Example"
|
|
msgstr "Rugină prin exemplu"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by "
|
|
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the "
|
|
"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license "
|
|
"terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unele exemple și exerciții au fost copiate și adaptate din [Rust by Example]"
|
|
"(https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Vă rugăm să consultați "
|
|
"directorul `third_party/rust-by-example/` pentru detalii, inclusiv termenii "
|
|
"licenței."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust on Exercism"
|
|
msgstr "Rugină pe Exercițiu"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on Exercism](https://"
|
|
"exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` "
|
|
"directory for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Unele exerciții au fost copiate și adaptate din [Rust on Exercism](https://"
|
|
"exercism.org/tracks/rust). Vă rugăm să consultați directorul `third_party/"
|
|
"rust-on-exercism/` pentru detalii, inclusiv termenii licenței."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "CXX"
|
|
msgstr "CXX"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section "
|
|
"uses an image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` "
|
|
"directory for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Secțiunea [Interoperabilitate cu C++](android/interoperabilitate/cpp.md) "
|
|
"utilizează o imagine din [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Vă rugăm să consultați "
|
|
"directorul `third_party/cxx/` pentru detalii, inclusiv termenii licenței."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Small Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Un mic exemplu"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Why Rust?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "De ce Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "An Example in C"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Un exemplu în C"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Compile Time Guarantees"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Garanții în timpul compilării"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Runtime Guarantees"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Garanții în timpul rulării"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Modern Features"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Caracteristici moderne"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Basic Syntax"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sintaxa de bază"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Scalar Types"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tipuri scalare"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "String vs str"
|
|
#~ msgstr "String versus str"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rustdoc"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rustdoc"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Overloading"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Supraîncărcare"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrays and for Loops"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Array-uri și bucle for"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "if expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresii if"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "for expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresii for"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "while expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresii while"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "break & continue"
|
|
#~ msgstr "break și continue"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "loop expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresii cu bucle"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Variant Payloads"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Conținut variabil"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Enum Sizes"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Dimensiunea enumerărilor"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Novel Control Flow"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Flux de control nou"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "if let expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Expresii if let"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "while let expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Expresii while let"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "match expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresii de potrivire"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Destructuring Structs"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Destructurarea structurilor"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Destructuring Arrays"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Destructurarea array-urilor"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Match Guards"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Gărzi de potrivire"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Stack vs Heap"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Stivă vs Heap"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Stack Memory"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Memoria pentru stivă"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Manual Memory Management"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Gestionarea manuală a memoriei"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Managementul memoriei bazat pe domeniu"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Garbage Collection"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Colectarea gunoiului"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust Memory Management"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Managementul memoriei în Rust"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Moved Strings in Rust"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Mutarea șirurlori de caractere în Rust"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Eliberări dublate în C++ modern"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Moves in Function Calls"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Mutări în apelurile de funcții"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Copying and Cloning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Copierea și clonarea"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Împrumuturi comune și unice"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sintaxa prescurtată a câmpurilor"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Method Receiver"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Metoda Receptor"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Storing Books"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Depozitarea cărților"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Option and Result"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Opțiune și rezultat"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Vec"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Vec"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "HashMap"
|
|
#~ msgstr "HashMap"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Box"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Cutie (box)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Recursive Data Types"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tipuri de date recursive"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rc"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Numărarea referințelor (rc)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Cell/RefCell"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Celula/RefCell"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Iterators and Ownership"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Iteratori și posesia"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Strings and Iterators"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Șiruri și iteratori"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Generic Methods"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Metode generice"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Monomorphization"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Monomorfizare"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Default Methods"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Metode implicite"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "impl Trait"
|
|
#~ msgstr "impl Trait"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Important Traits"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Trăsături importante"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "From and Into"
|
|
#~ msgstr "From și Into"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Default"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Implicit"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Operatori: Add (adăugare), Mul, ..."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Închideri: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "A Simple GUI Library"
|
|
#~ msgstr "O bibliotecă GUI simplă"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Points and Polygons"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puncte și poligoane"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Prinderea derulării stivei"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Structured Error Handling"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Gestionarea structurată a erorilor"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Propagating Errors with ?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Propagarea erorilor cu ?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Converting Error Types"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Conversia tipurilor de erori"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Deriving Error Enums"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Derivarea enumerațiilor de eroare"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Adding Context to Errors"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Adăugarea contextului la erori"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "no_std"
|
|
#~ msgstr "no_std"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "alloc"
|
|
#~ msgstr "alocare"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "embedded-hal"
|
|
#~ msgstr "embedded-hal"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
|
|
#~ msgstr "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "zerocopy"
|
|
#~ msgstr "zerocopy"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "buddy_system_allocator"
|
|
#~ msgstr "buddy_system_allocator"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "tinyvec"
|
|
#~ msgstr "tinyvec"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "spin"
|
|
#~ msgstr "rotire"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Send and Sync"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Trimitere și sincronizare"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Send"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Trimitere (send)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Sync"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sincronizare (sync)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Arc"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Arc"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Mutex"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Mutex"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "async/await"
|
|
#~ msgstr "async/await"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Pin"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Fixați"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 1: Dimineața"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 1 După-amiaza"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 2 Dimineața"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2 Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 2 După-amiaza"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 3 Dimineața"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 3 După-amiaza"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rust bare metall Dimineața"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Concurrency Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Concurența Dimineața"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Concurrency Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Concurența După-amiaza"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Day 1: Basic Rust, syntax, control flow, creating and consuming values."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ziua 1: Baza Rust, sintaxa, fluxul de control, crearea și consumarea "
|
|
#~ "valorilor."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Day 2: Memory management, ownership, compound data types, and the "
|
|
#~ "standard library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ziua 2: Gestionarea memoriei, posesia, tipurile de date compuse și "
|
|
#~ "biblioteca standard."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3: Generics, traits, error handling, testing, and unsafe Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ziua 3: Generice, trăsături, gestionarea erorilor, testare și Rust "
|
|
#~ "nesigur."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Editează-mă!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Editează-mă!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, "
|
|
#~ "and `continue`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Construcții ale fluxului de control: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while "
|
|
#~ "let`, `break` și `continue`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to "
|
|
#~ "speak about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a "
|
|
#~ "major feature and we should show students this right away."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ideea pentru prima zi este de a arăta _suficient_ din Rust pentru a putea "
|
|
#~ "vorbi despre celebrul verificator de împrumuturi (borrow checker). Modul "
|
|
#~ "în care Rust gestionează memoria este o caracteristică majoră și ar "
|
|
#~ "trebui să le arătăm studenților acest lucru imediat."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over "
|
|
#~ "the schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the "
|
|
#~ "slides):"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dacă predați acest curs în clasă, acum este un moment bun pentru a trece "
|
|
#~ "în revistă programul. Vă sugerăm să împărțiți ziua astfel (urmând slide-"
|
|
#~ "urile):"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Dimineața: de la 9:00 la 12:00,"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00."
|
|
#~ msgstr "După-amiază: de la 13:00 la 16:00."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include "
|
|
#~ "breaks, we recommend a break every hour!"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Desigur, puteți ajusta acest lucru după cum este necesar. Vă rugăm să vă "
|
|
#~ "asigurați că includeți pauze, recomandăm o pauză la fiecare oră!"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bună 🌍!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Iată un mic exemplu de program în Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() { // Program entry point\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n"
|
|
#~ " while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n"
|
|
#~ " if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n"
|
|
#~ " x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() { // Punct de intrare în program\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut x: i32 = 6; // Declararea variabilelor mutabile\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro pentru imprimare, ca printf\n"
|
|
#~ " while x != 1 { // Fără paranteze în jurul expresiei\n"
|
|
#~ " if x % 2 == 0 { // Matematică ca în alte limbaje\n"
|
|
#~ " x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop "
|
|
#~ "will always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with "
|
|
#~ "different inputs."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Codul implementează conjectura lui Collatz: se crede că bucla se va "
|
|
#~ "termina întotdeauna, dar acest lucru nu este încă dovedit. Modificați "
|
|
#~ "codul și jucați-vă cu diferite intrări."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to "
|
|
#~ "trigger type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime "
|
|
#~ "integer overflow."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Explicați că toate variabilele sunt tipizate static. Încercați să "
|
|
#~ "eliminați `i32` pentru a declanșa inferența de tip. Încercați cu `i8` și "
|
|
#~ "declanșați o depășire de număr întreg în timpul execuției."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Schimbați `let mut x` în `let x`, discutați despre eroarea de compilare."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match "
|
|
#~ "the format string."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Arătați cum `print!` dă o eroare de compilare dacă argumentele nu se "
|
|
#~ "potrivesc cu șirul de format."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an "
|
|
#~ "expression which is more complex than just a single variable."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Arătați cum trebuie să folosiți `{}` ca un spațiu liber dacă doriți să "
|
|
#~ "imprimați o expresie care este mai complexă decât o singură variabilă."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::"
|
|
#~ "fmt` which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important "
|
|
#~ "that the students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Arătați-le studenților biblioteca standard, arătați-le cum să caute `std::"
|
|
#~ "fmt`, care conține regulile mini-limbaje de formatare. Este important ca "
|
|
#~ "elevii să se familiarizeze cu căutarea în biblioteca standard."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In a shell `rustup doc std::fmt` will open a browser on the local std::"
|
|
#~ "fmt documentation"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Într-un terminal `rustup doc std::fmt` va deschide un browser pentru "
|
|
#~ "documentația locală std::fmt"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Compile time memory safety."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Oferă siguranța memoriei în timpul de compilare."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Lack of undefined runtime behavior."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Nu există comportament nedefinit în timpul execuției."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Modern language features."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Are caracteristici de limbaj moderne."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Let's consider the following \"minimum wrong example\" program in C:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Să luăm în considerare următorul exemplu de “program minimal greșit” în C:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#include <stdio.h>\n"
|
|
#~ "#include <stdlib.h>\n"
|
|
#~ "#include <sys/stat.h>\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {\n"
|
|
#~ "\tchar *buf, *filename;\n"
|
|
#~ "\tFILE *fp;\n"
|
|
#~ "\tsize_t bytes, len;\n"
|
|
#~ "\tstruct stat st;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\tswitch (argc) {\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\tcase 1:\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tprintf(\"Too few arguments!\\n\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\treturn 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\tcase 2:\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tfilename = argv[argc];\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tstat(filename, &st);\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tlen = st.st_size;\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\t\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tbuf = (char*)malloc(len);\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tif (!buf)\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\t\tprintf(\"malloc failed!\\n\", len);\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\t\treturn 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tfp = fopen(filename, \"rb\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tbytes = fread(buf, 1, len, fp);\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tif (bytes = st.st_size)\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\t\tprintf(\"%s\", buf);\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\telse\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\t\tprintf(\"fread failed!\\n\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\tcase 3:\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tprintf(\"Too many arguments!\\n\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\treturn 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\t}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\treturn 0;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#include <stdio.h>\n"
|
|
#~ "#include <stdlib.h>\n"
|
|
#~ "#include <sys/stat.h>\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {\n"
|
|
#~ "\tchar *buf, *filename;\n"
|
|
#~ "\tFILE *fp;\n"
|
|
#~ "\tsize_t bytes, len;\n"
|
|
#~ "\tstruct stat st;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\tswitch (argc) {\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\tcase 1:\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tprintf(\"Prea puține argumente!\\n\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\treturn 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\tcase 2:\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tfilename = argv[argc];\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tstat(filename, &st);\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tlen = st.st_size;\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\t\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tbuf = (char*)malloc(len);\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tif (!buf)\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\t\tprintf(“malloc a eșuat!\\n” len);\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\t\treturn 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tfp = fopen(filename, \"rb\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tbytes = fread(buf, 1, len, fp);\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tif (bytes = st.st_size)\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\t\tprintf(\"%s\", buf);\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\telse\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\t\tprintf(“fread a eșuat!\\n”);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\tcase 3:\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\tprintf(\"Prea multe argumente!\\n\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\t\t\treturn 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\t}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\treturn 0;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "How many bugs do you spot?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Câte defecte găsești?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Despite just 29 lines of code, this C example contains serious bugs in at "
|
|
#~ "least 11:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În ciuda celor doar 29 de linii de cod, acest exemplu C conține erori "
|
|
#~ "grave în cel puțin 11 dintre ele:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Assignment `=` instead of equality comparison `==` (line 28)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Atribuirea `=` în locul comparației de egalitate `==` (linia 28)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Excess argument to `printf` (line 23)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Argument în exces pentru `printf` (linia 23)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "File descriptor leak (after line 26)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Scurgere de descriptor de fișier (după linia 26)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Forgotten braces in multi-line `if` (line 22)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Paranteze uitate în `if` pe mai multe linii (linia 22)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Forgotten `break` in a `switch` statement (line 32)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`break` uitat într-o instrucțiune `switch` (linia 32)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Forgotten NUL-termination of the `buf` string, leading to a buffer "
|
|
#~ "overflow (line 29)"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Terminatorul de NUL uitat a șirului `buf`, ceea ce duce la o depășire de "
|
|
#~ "buffer (linia 29)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Memory leak by not freeing the `malloc`\\-allocated buffer (line 21)"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Scurgere de memorie prin neeliberarea bufferului `malloc` alocat (linia "
|
|
#~ "21)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Out-of-bounds access (line 17)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Acces în afara limitelor (linia 17)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Unchecked cases in the `switch` statement (line 11)"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Cazuri necontrolate în instrucțiunea `switch` (linia 11)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Unchecked return values of `stat` and `fopen` (lines 18 and 26)"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Valori de returnare necontrolate ale `stat` și `fopen` (liniile 18 și 26)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "_Shouldn't these bugs be obvious even for a C compiler?_ \n"
|
|
#~ "No, surprisingly this code compiles warning-free at the default warning "
|
|
#~ "level, even in the latest GCC version (13.2 as of writing)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ar trebui ca aceste erori să fie evidente chiar și pentru un compilator "
|
|
#~ "C, nu?\n"
|
|
#~ "În mod surprinzător, acest cod se compilează fără avertismente la nivelul "
|
|
#~ "de avertizare implicit, chiar și în cea mai recentă versiune GCC (13.2 în "
|
|
#~ "momentul scrierii acestui articol)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "_Isn't this a highly unrealistic example?_ \n"
|
|
#~ "Absolutely not, these kind of bugs have lead to serious security "
|
|
#~ "vulnerabilities in the past. Some examples:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Este acesta un exemplu deosebit de nerealist?\n"
|
|
#~ "Categoric nu, acest tip de erori au condus în trecut la vulnerabilități "
|
|
#~ "grave de securitate. Iată câteva exemple:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Assignment `=` instead of equality comparison `==`: [The Linux Backdoor "
|
|
#~ "Attempt of 2003](https://freedom-to-tinker.com/2013/10/09/the-linux-"
|
|
#~ "backdoor-attempt-of-2003)"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Atribuirea `=` în locul comparației de egalitate `==`: [Tentativa Linux "
|
|
#~ "Backdoor din 2003](https://freedom-to-tinker.com/2013/10/09/the-linux-"
|
|
#~ "backdoor-attempt-of-2003)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Forgotten braces in multi-line `if`: [The Apple goto fail vulnerability]"
|
|
#~ "(https://dwheeler.com/essays/apple-goto-fail.html)"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Paranteze uitate în `if` pe mai multe linii: [Vulnerabilitatea Apple goto "
|
|
#~ "fail](https://dwheeler.com/essays/apple-goto-fail.html)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Forgotten `break` in a `switch` statement: [The break that broke sudo]"
|
|
#~ "(https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2012/05/21/anatomy-of-a-security-hole-"
|
|
#~ "the-break-that-broke-sudo)"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`break` uitat într-o declarație `switch`: [Break care a stricat sudo]"
|
|
#~ "(https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2012/05/21/anatomy-of-a-security-hole-"
|
|
#~ "the-break-that-broke-sudo)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "_How is Rust any better here?_ \n"
|
|
#~ "Safe Rust makes all of these bugs impossible:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "De ce este mai bun Rust în acest caz?\n"
|
|
#~ "Siguranța Rust face ca toate aceste erori să fie imposibile:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Assignments inside an `if` clause are not supported."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Atribuirile din interiorul unei clauze `if` nu sunt acceptate."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Format strings are checked at compile-time."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Șirurile de caractere de format sunt verificate la compilare."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Resources are freed at the end of scope via the `Drop` trait."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Resursele sunt eliberate la sfârșitul domeniului de aplicare prin "
|
|
#~ "intermediul trăsăturii `Drop`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "All `if` clauses require braces."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Toate clauzele `if` necesită paranteze."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`match` (as the Rust equivalent to `switch`) does not fall-through, hence "
|
|
#~ "you can't accidentally forget a `break`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`match` (echivalentul în Rust al lui `switch`) nu cascadează, prin urmare "
|
|
#~ "nu puteți uita accidental un `break`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Buffer slices carry their size and don't rely on a NUL terminator."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Bucățile de memorii tampon își păstrează dimensiunea și nu se bazează pe "
|
|
#~ "un terminator NUL."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Heap-allocated memory is freed via the `Drop` trait when the "
|
|
#~ "corresponding `Box` leaves the scope."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Memoria alocată în heap este eliberată prin intermediul trăsăturii `Drop` "
|
|
#~ "atunci când `Box` corespunzător părăsește domeniul de aplicare."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Out-of-bounds accesses cause a panic or can be checked via the `get` "
|
|
#~ "method of a slice."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Accesările în afara limitelor provoacă o panică sau pot fi verificate "
|
|
#~ "prin metoda `get` a unei felii."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`match` mandates that all cases are handled."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`match` impune ca toate cazurile să fie tratate."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Fallible Rust functions return `Result` values that need to be unwrapped "
|
|
#~ "and thereby checked for success. Additionally, the compiler emits a "
|
|
#~ "warning if you miss to check the return value of a function marked with "
|
|
#~ "`#[must_use]`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Funcțiile Rust fragile returnează valori `Result` care trebuie desfăcute "
|
|
#~ "și, prin urmare, verificate pentru succes. În plus, compilatorul emite un "
|
|
#~ "avertisment dacă nu verificați valoarea de returnare a unei funcții "
|
|
#~ "marcate cu `#[must_use]`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Static memory management at compile time:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Gestionarea statică a memoriei în momentul compilării:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Nu există scurgeri de memorie (_în cea mai mare parte_, a se vedea notele "
|
|
#~ "de subsol)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples are:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Sunt posibile scurgeri de memorie în Rust (sigur). Câteva exemple sunt:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can use [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box."
|
|
#~ "html#method.leak) to leak a pointer. A use of this could be to get "
|
|
#~ "runtime-initialized and runtime-sized static variables"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puteți utiliza [`Box::leak`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct."
|
|
#~ "Box.html#method.leak) pentru a scurge un pointer. O utilizare a acestui "
|
|
#~ "lucru ar putea fi obținerea variabilelor statice inițializate și "
|
|
#~ "dimensionate în timp de execuție"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can use [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn."
|
|
#~ "forget.html) to make the compiler \"forget\" about a value (meaning the "
|
|
#~ "destructor is never run)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puteți utiliza [`std::mem::forget`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn."
|
|
#~ "forget.html) pentru a face compilatorul să \"uite\" de o valoare (ceea ce "
|
|
#~ "înseamnă că destructorul nu este executat niciodată)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) with `Rc` or `Arc`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "De asemenea, puteți crea din greșeală un [ciclu de referință](https://doc."
|
|
#~ "rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html) cu `Rc` sau `Arc`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory "
|
|
#~ "leak and Rust does not protect from those."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "De fapt, unii vor considera că popularea la infinit a unei colecții "
|
|
#~ "reprezintă o scurgere de memorie, iar Rust nu oferă protecție în acest "
|
|
#~ "sens."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood "
|
|
#~ "as \"Pretty much no _accidental_ memory leaks\"."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În scopul acestui curs, \"Fără scurgeri de memorie\" ar trebui să fie "
|
|
#~ "înțeles ca fiind \"Aproape fără scurgeri de memorie _accidentale_\"."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Integer overflow is defined via the [`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index.html#overflow-checks) compile-time "
|
|
#~ "flag. If enabled, the program will panic (a controlled crash of the "
|
|
#~ "program), otherwise you get wrap-around semantics. By default, you get "
|
|
#~ "panics in debug mode (`cargo build`) and wrap-around in release mode "
|
|
#~ "(`cargo build --release`)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Depășirea de numere întregi este definită prin intermediul indicatorului "
|
|
#~ "[`overflow-checks`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/codegen-options/index."
|
|
#~ "html#overflow-checks) din timpul compilării. Dacă este activat, programul "
|
|
#~ "va intra în panică (o prăbușire controlată a programului), în caz contrar "
|
|
#~ "veți obține o semantică de tip wrap-around. În mod implicit, veți obține "
|
|
#~ "panică în modul de depanare (`cargo build`) și wrap-around în modul de "
|
|
#~ "lansare (`cargo build --release`)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also not "
|
|
#~ "be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However, `unsafe` allows "
|
|
#~ "you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked` which does not do "
|
|
#~ "bounds checking."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Verificarea limitelor nu poate fi dezactivată cu un indicator de "
|
|
#~ "compilare. De asemenea, nu poate fi dezactivată direct cu ajutorul "
|
|
#~ "cuvântului cheie `unsafe`. Cu toate acestea, `unsafe` vă permite să "
|
|
#~ "apelați funcții cum ar fi `slice::get_unchecked`, care nu efectuează "
|
|
#~ "verificarea limitelor."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last decades."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust este construit cu toată experiența acumulată în ultimele decenii."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Language Features"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Caracteristici ale limbajului"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Tooling"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Unelte"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to "
|
|
#~ "'pay' for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For "
|
|
#~ "example, writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low "
|
|
#~ "level instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Abstracțiile cu costuri zero, similare cu C++, înseamnă că nu trebuie să "
|
|
#~ "\"plătiți\" pentru construcțiile de programare de nivel superior cu "
|
|
#~ "memorie sau putere de procesare. De exemplu, scrierea unei bucle folosind "
|
|
#~ "`for` ar trebui să rezulte în aproximativ aceleași instrucțiuni de nivel "
|
|
#~ "scăzut ca și cum ai folosi construcția `.iter().fold()`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', "
|
|
#~ "also known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things "
|
|
#~ "like `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Poate că merită menționat faptul că enumerațiile Rust sunt \"Tipuri de "
|
|
#~ "date algebrice\", cunoscute și sub numele de \"tipuri sumabile\", care "
|
|
#~ "permit sistemului de tipuri să exprime lucruri cum ar fi `Opțiune<T>` și "
|
|
#~ "`Rezultat<T, E>`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to "
|
|
#~ "ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more "
|
|
#~ "talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with "
|
|
#~ "_actionable_ feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Reamintiți-le cursanților să citească erorile --- mulți dezvoltatori s-au "
|
|
#~ "obișnuit să ignore ieșirile lungi ale compilatorului. Compilatorul Rust "
|
|
#~ "este semnificativ mai vorbăreț decât alte compilatoare. Acesta vă va "
|
|
#~ "oferi adesea un feedback _acționabil_, gata de a fi folosit în codul "
|
|
#~ "dumneavoastră."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, "
|
|
#~ "Python, and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider "
|
|
#~ "standard and essential:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Biblioteca standard Rust este mică în comparație cu limbaje precum Java, "
|
|
#~ "Python și Go. Rust nu include mai multe lucruri pe care le-ați putea "
|
|
#~ "considera standard și esențiale:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "a random number generator, but see [rand](https://docs.rs/rand/)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "un generator de numere aleatoare, dar a se vedea [rand](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
#~ "rand/)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls](https://docs.rs/rustls/)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "suport pentru SSL sau TLS, dar consultați [rusttls](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
#~ "rustls/)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "support for JSON, but see [serde_json](https://docs.rs/serde_json/)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "suport pentru JSON, dar a se vedea [serde_json](https://docs.rs/"
|
|
#~ "serde_json/)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library "
|
|
#~ "cannot go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the "
|
|
#~ "Rust community is still working on finding the best solution --- and "
|
|
#~ "perhaps there isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Raționamentul din spatele acestui lucru este că funcționalitatea din "
|
|
#~ "biblioteca standard nu poate dispărea, așa că trebuie să fie foarte "
|
|
#~ "stabilă. Pentru exemplele de mai sus, comunitatea Rust încă lucrează "
|
|
#~ "pentru a găsi cea mai bună soluție --- și poate că nu există o singură "
|
|
#~ "\"soluție optimă\" pentru unele dintre aceste lucruri."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this "
|
|
#~ "makes it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A "
|
|
#~ "consequence of this is that the standard library can be smaller."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust vine cu un manager de pachete încorporat sub forma Cargo, ceea ce "
|
|
#~ "face ca descărcarea și compilarea de crates de la terți să fie banală. O "
|
|
#~ "consecință a acestui fapt este că biblioteca standard poate fi mai mică."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like <https://"
|
|
#~ "lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics for crates "
|
|
#~ "to find a good and trusted one."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Descoperirea unor crates bune de la terți poate fi o problemă. Site-uri "
|
|
#~ "precum <https://lib.rs/> vă ajută în acest sens, permițându-vă să "
|
|
#~ "comparați parametrii pentru crater pentru a găsi una bună și de încredere."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) is a well supported LSP "
|
|
#~ "implementation used in major IDEs and text editors."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) este o implementare LSP "
|
|
#~ "cu suport bun, folosită în principalele IDE-uri și editoare de text."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "`\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`\"foo\"`, `”două\\nlinii”`"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "La fel ca în C++, Rust are referințe:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ "
|
|
#~ "pointers."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Trebuie să dereferențiem `ref_x` atunci când îl atribuim, similar "
|
|
#~ "pointerilor din C și C++."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values "
|
|
#~ "over their lifetime."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Referințele care sunt declarate ca `mut` pot face referire la valori "
|
|
#~ "diferite pe parcursul duratei lor de viață."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Se spune că o referință \"împrumută\" valoarea la care se referă."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long "
|
|
#~ "enough."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust urmărește durata de viață a tuturor referințelor pentru a se asigura "
|
|
#~ "că acestea trăiesc suficient de mult."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`String` vs `str`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "String versus str"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Acum putem înțelege cele două tipuri de șiruri de caractere în Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s1: &str = \"World\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " s2.push_str(s1);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ " let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s1: &str = \"World\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " s2.push_str(s1);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ " let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range "
|
|
#~ "selection."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puteți împrumuta felii `&str` de la `String` prin `&` și, opțional, prin "
|
|
#~ "selectarea intervalului."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
|
|
#~ "Fizz_buzz) interview question:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "O versiune Rust a faimoasei întrebări de interviu [FizzBuzz](https://en."
|
|
#~ "wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz):"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward "
|
|
#~ "declarations nor headers are necessary. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ne referim în `main` la o funcție scrisă mai jos. Nu sunt necesare nici "
|
|
#~ "declarațiile forward și nici anteturile."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains "
|
|
#~ "`=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Expresia intervalului din bucla `for` din `print_fizzbuzz_to()` conține "
|
|
#~ "`=n`, ceea ce face ca aceasta să includă limita superioară."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Toate elementele de limbaj din Rust pot fi documentate folosind sintaxa "
|
|
#~ "specială `////`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second "
|
|
#~ "argument.\n"
|
|
#~ "///\n"
|
|
#~ "/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
|
|
#~ "///\n"
|
|
#~ "/// # Example\n"
|
|
#~ "/// ```\n"
|
|
#~ "/// assert!(is_divisible_by(42, 2));\n"
|
|
#~ "/// ```\n"
|
|
#~ "fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " if rhs == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false; // Corner case, early return\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return "
|
|
#~ "value\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Determină dacă primul argument este divizibil cu al doilea argument.\n"
|
|
#~ "///\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Dacă al doilea argument este zero, rezultatul este fals.\n"
|
|
#~ "///\n"
|
|
#~ "/// # Exemplu\n"
|
|
#~ "/// ```\n"
|
|
#~ "/// assert!(is_divisible_by(42, 2));\n"
|
|
#~ "/// ```\n"
|
|
#~ "fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " if rhs == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false; // Cazul de colț, întoarcere timpurie\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " lhs % rhs == 0 // Ultima expresie dintr-un bloc este valoarea de "
|
|
#~ "returnare\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but "
|
|
#~ "in real code they should be present."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Acest curs nu include rustdoc pe slide-uri, doar pentru a economisi "
|
|
#~ "spațiu, dar în codul real ar trebui să fie prezente."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need "
|
|
#~ "not be addressed here."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Comentariile din interiorul documentului sunt discutate mai târziu (în "
|
|
#~ "pagina privind modulele) și nu este necesar să fie abordate aici."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rustdoc comments can contain code snippets that we can run and test using "
|
|
#~ "`cargo test`. We will discuss these tests in the [Testing section](../"
|
|
#~ "testing/doc-tests.html)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Comentariile Rustdoc pot conține fragmente de cod pe care le putem rula "
|
|
#~ "și testa folosind `cargo test`. Vom discuta despre aceste teste în "
|
|
#~ "secțiunea [Testing](../testing/doc-tests.html)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a "
|
|
#~ "method is an instance of the type it is associated with:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Metodele sunt funcții asociate cu un tip. Argumentul `self` al unei "
|
|
#~ "metode este o instanță a tipului cu care este asociată:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " width: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.width * self.height\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.width += delta;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
#~ " rect.inc_width(5);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " width: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.width * self.height\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.width += delta;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area()));\n"
|
|
#~ " rect.inc_width(5);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's "
|
|
#~ "class."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Vom analiza mult mai multe metode în exercițiul de astăzi și în cursul de "
|
|
#~ "mâine."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Add a static method called `Rectangle::new` and call this from `main`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Adăugați o metodă statică numită `Rectangle::new` și apelați-o din `main`:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "While _technically_, Rust does not have custom constructors, static "
|
|
#~ "methods are commonly used to initialize structs (but don't have to). The "
|
|
#~ "actual constructor, `Rectangle { width, height }`, could be called "
|
|
#~ "directly. See the [Rustnomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/"
|
|
#~ "constructors.html)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Deși, din punct de vedere tehnic, Rust nu are constructori personalizați, "
|
|
#~ "metodele statice sunt utilizate în mod obișnuit pentru a inițializa "
|
|
#~ "structurile (dar nu trebuie să o facă). Constructorul propriu-zis, "
|
|
#~ "`Rectangle { width, height }`, ar putea fi apelat direct. A se vedea "
|
|
#~ "[Rustnomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/constructors.html)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Add a `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that such "
|
|
#~ "static methods can take arbitrary parameters."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Adăugați un constructor `Rectangle::square(width: u32)` pentru a ilustra "
|
|
#~ "faptul că astfel de metode statice pot lua parametri arbitrari."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Function Overloading"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Supraîncărcarea funcțiilor"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Overloading is not supported:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Supraîncărcarea nu este acceptată:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Always takes a fixed number of parameters."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Acceptă întotdeauna un număr fix de parametri."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Default values are not supported:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Valorile implicite nu sunt acceptate:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "All call sites have the same number of arguments."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Toate site-urile de apelare au același număr de argumente."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Macros are sometimes used as an alternative."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Macros sunt uneori folosite ca alternativă."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Cu toate acestea, parametrii funcțiilor pot fi generici:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
|
|
#~ " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
|
|
#~ " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"aruncarea monedei: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"premiu în bani: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "When using generics, the standard library's `Into<T>` can provide a kind "
|
|
#~ "of limited polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a "
|
|
#~ "later section."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Atunci când se utilizează generice, `Into<T>` din biblioteca standard "
|
|
#~ "poate oferi un fel de polimorfism limitat pentru tipurile de argumente. "
|
|
#~ "Vom vedea mai multe detalii într-o secțiune ulterioară."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1: Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 1: Exerciții de dimineață"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "În aceste exerciții, vom explora două părți din Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Implicit conversions between types."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Conversii implicite între tipuri."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrays and `for` loops."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Array-uri și bucle `for`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Câteva lucruri de care trebuie să țineți cont în timpul rezolvării "
|
|
#~ "exercițiilor:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get auto-"
|
|
#~ "completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo](../../cargo."
|
|
#~ "md) for details on installing Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Utilizați o instalație Rust locală, dacă este posibil. În acest fel, "
|
|
#~ "puteți obține autocompletare în editorul dumneavoastră. Consultați pagina "
|
|
#~ "despre [Using Cargo](../../cargo.md) pentru detalii despre instalarea "
|
|
#~ "Rust."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Alternativ, puteți utiliza Rust Playground."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets "
|
|
#~ "lose their state if you navigate away from the page."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Fragmentele de cod nu sunt editabile în mod intenționat: fragmentele de "
|
|
#~ "cod în linie își pierd starea dacă navigați în afara paginii."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types "
|
|
#~ "([unlike C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
|
|
#~ "implicit_conversion)). You can see this in a program like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust nu va aplica în mod automat conversii _implicite_ între tipuri "
|
|
#~ "([spre deosebire de C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/"
|
|
#~ "implicit_conversion)). Puteți vedea acest lucru într-un program ca acesta:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The Rust integer types all implement the [`From<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and [`Into<T>`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) traits to let us convert between "
|
|
#~ "them. The `From<T>` trait has a single `from()` method and similarly, the "
|
|
#~ "`Into<T>` trait has a single `into()` method. Implementing these traits "
|
|
#~ "is how a type expresses that it can be converted into another type."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Toate tipurile de numere întregi Rust implementează trăsăturile "
|
|
#~ "[`From<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) și "
|
|
#~ "[`Into<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) pentru "
|
|
#~ "a ne permite să facem conversia între ele. Caracteristica `From<T>` are o "
|
|
#~ "singură metodă `from()` și, în mod similar, caracteristica `Into<T>` are "
|
|
#~ "o singură metodă `into()`. Implementarea acestor trăsături reprezintă "
|
|
#~ "modul în care un tip exprimă faptul că poate fi convertit într-un alt tip."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The standard library has an implementation of `From<i8> for i16`, which "
|
|
#~ "means that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by "
|
|
#~ "calling `i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From<i8> "
|
|
#~ "for i16` implementation automatically create an implementation of "
|
|
#~ "`Into<i16> for i8`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Biblioteca standard are o implementare a `From<i8> pentru i16`, ceea ce "
|
|
#~ "înseamnă că putem converti o variabilă `x` de tip `i8` în `i16` prin "
|
|
#~ "apelarea `i16::from(x)`. Sau, mai simplu, cu `x.into()`, deoarece "
|
|
#~ "implementarea `From<i8> for i16` creează automat o implementare a "
|
|
#~ "`Into<i16> for i8`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, "
|
|
#~ "so it is sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` "
|
|
#~ "implementation automatically."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Același lucru este valabil și pentru propriile implementări `From` pentru "
|
|
#~ "propriile tipuri, astfel încât este suficient să implementați doar `From` "
|
|
#~ "pentru a obține automat o implementare `Into` corespunzătoare."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Execute the above program and look at the compiler error."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Executați programul de mai sus și observați eroarea de compilare."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Actualizați codul de mai sus pentru a utiliza `into()` pentru a face "
|
|
#~ "conversia."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`, "
|
|
#~ "`i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try "
|
|
#~ "converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the "
|
|
#~ "[standard library documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/"
|
|
#~ "trait.From.html) to see if `From<T>` is implemented for the pairs you "
|
|
#~ "check."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Schimbați tipurile de `x` și `y` în alte tipuri (cum ar fi `f32`, `bool`, "
|
|
#~ "`i128`) pentru a vedea ce tipuri puteți converti în ce alte tipuri. "
|
|
#~ "Încercați să convertiți tipurile mici în tipuri mari și invers. "
|
|
#~ "Verificați în [documentația bibliotecii standard](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/std/convert/trait.From.html) pentru a vedea dacă `From<T>` este "
|
|
#~ "implementat pentru perechile pe care le verificați."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Arrays and `for` Loops"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Array-uri și bucle `for`"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Am văzut că un array poate fi declarat astfel:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with "
|
|
#~ "`{:?}`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puteți imprima un astfel de tablou cerând reprezentarea sa de depanare cu "
|
|
#~ "`{:?}`:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for` "
|
|
#~ "keyword:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust vă permite să iterați peste lucruri precum array-uri și intervale "
|
|
#~ "folosind cuvântul cheie `for`:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " for n in &array {\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" {n}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\"Iterând peste array:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " for n in &array {\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" {n}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\"Iterare pe interval:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matrix = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: eliminați acest lucru atunci când ați terminat cu "
|
|
#~ "implementarea.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matrix = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- comentariul face ca rustfmt să adauge o "
|
|
#~ "linie nouă\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"matrice:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Bonus Question"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Întrebare bonus"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for "
|
|
#~ "your argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-"
|
|
#~ "dimensional slice-of-slices. Why or why not?"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ați putea folosi felii `&[i32]` în loc de matrici 3 × 3 codificate pentru "
|
|
#~ "tipurile de argument și de returnare? Ceva de genul `&[&[i32]]` pentru o "
|
|
#~ "felie de felii bidimensională. De ce sau de ce nu?"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production "
|
|
#~ "quality implementation."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "A se vedea [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) pentru o "
|
|
#~ "implementare de calitate de producție."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the "
|
|
#~ "[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Soluția și răspunsul la secțiunea bonus sunt disponibile în secțiunea "
|
|
#~ "[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The use of the reference `&array` within `for n in &array` is a subtle "
|
|
#~ "preview of issues of ownership that will come later in the afternoon."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Folosirea referinței `&array` în `for n in &array` este o previzualizare "
|
|
#~ "subtilă a problemelor de proprietate care vor apărea mai târziu în cursul "
|
|
#~ "după-amiezii."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Without the `&`..."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Fără `&`..."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The loop would have been one that consumes the array. This is a change "
|
|
#~ "[introduced in the 2021 Edition](https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/"
|
|
#~ "rust-2021/IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Bucla ar fi trebuit să fie una care consumă matricea. Aceasta este o "
|
|
#~ "modificare [introdusă în ediția din 2021](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ "edition-guide/rust-2021/IntoIterator-for-arrays.html)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "An implicit array copy would have occurred. Since `i32` is a copy type, "
|
|
#~ "then `[i32; 3]` is also a copy type."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ar fi avut loc o copiere implicită a matricei. Din moment ce `i32` este "
|
|
#~ "un tip de copiere, atunci `[i32; 3]` este, de asemenea, un tip de copiere."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to "
|
|
#~ "conditionally evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value "
|
|
#~ "which then becomes the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow "
|
|
#~ "expressions work similarly in Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "După cum am văzut, `if` este o expresie în Rust. Este utilizată pentru a "
|
|
#~ "evalua condiționat unul dintre două blocuri, dar blocurile pot avea o "
|
|
#~ "valoare care devine apoi valoarea expresiei `if`. Alte expresii de flux "
|
|
#~ "de control funcționează în mod similar în Rust."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is "
|
|
#~ "the return value:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Aceeași regulă este utilizată pentru funcții: valoarea corpului funcției "
|
|
#~ "este valoarea de returnare:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in "
|
|
#~ "Rust. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Scopul acestui diapozitiv este de a arăta că blocurile au un tip și o "
|
|
#~ "valoare în Rust."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is "
|
|
#~ "closely related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expressions.md). It "
|
|
#~ "will automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate "
|
|
#~ "over it:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Bucla [`for`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) este strâns "
|
|
#~ "legată de bucla [`while let`](while-let-expressions.md). Aceasta va apela "
|
|
#~ "automat `into_iter()` pe expresie și apoi va itera peste ea:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puteți folosi `break` și `continue` aici ca de obicei."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Iterația indexului nu este o sintaxă specială în Rust doar pentru acest "
|
|
#~ "caz."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`(0..10)` este un interval care implementează o trăsătură `Iterator`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every "
|
|
#~ "other element. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`step_by` este o metodă care returnează un alt `Iterator` care sare peste "
|
|
#~ "fiecare alt element."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change "
|
|
#~ "vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Modificați elementele din vector și explicați erorile compilatorului. "
|
|
#~ "Modificați vectorul `v` pentru a fi mutabil, iar bucla for în `for x in v."
|
|
#~ "iter_mut()`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`loop` expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "expresii cu bucle"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/"
|
|
#~ "expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) which creates an endless loop."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În cele din urmă, există un cuvânt cheie [`loop`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops) care creează o "
|
|
#~ "buclă nesfârșită."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Aici trebuie să folosiți fie `break`, fie `return` pentru a opri bucla:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Întrerupeți `loop` cu o valoare (de exemplu, `break 8`) și tipăriți-o."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the "
|
|
#~ "types less and less as the course progresses."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Datorită inferenței de tip, `i32` este opțional. Vom arăta treptat "
|
|
#~ "tipurile din ce în ce mai puțin pe măsură ce cursul avansează."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic "
|
|
#~ "container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, "
|
|
#~ "using `_` as a placeholder:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Următorul cod îi spune compilatorului să copieze într-un anumit container "
|
|
#~ "generic fără ca codul să specifice vreodată în mod explicit tipul "
|
|
#~ "conținut, folosind `_` ca un spațiu rezervat:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
#~ "html#method.collect) relies on [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ "std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/std/collections/struct.HashSet.html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-"
|
|
#~ "HashSet%3CT,+S%3E) implements."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator."
|
|
#~ "html#method.collect) se bazează pe [`FromIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html), pe care îl implementează "
|
|
#~ "[`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/struct.HashSet."
|
|
#~ "html#impl-FromIterator%3CT%3E-for-HashSet%3CT,+S%3E)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Static and Constant Variables"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Variabile statice și constante"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "static BANNER: &str = \"Bine ați venit la RustOS 3.14\";\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = 10;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"before: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = \"hello\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = true;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"after: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = 10;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"înainte: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = \"bună ziua\";\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"domeniul interior: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = true;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"umbrită în domeniul interior: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"după: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse "
|
|
#~ "memory locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if "
|
|
#~ "the type does not change."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Următorul cod demonstrează de ce compilatorul nu poate reutiliza pur și "
|
|
#~ "simplu locațiile de memorie atunci când umbrește o variabilă imuabilă "
|
|
#~ "într-un domeniu de aplicare, chiar dacă tipul nu se schimbă."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Implementation based on https://xkcd.com/221/\n"
|
|
#~ " 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " Heads,\n"
|
|
#~ " Tails,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
|
|
#~ " if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Implementare bazată pe https://xkcd.com/221/\n"
|
|
#~ " 4 // Ales prin aruncarea corectă a zarurilor. Garantat a fi "
|
|
#~ "aleatoriu.\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " Cap,\n"
|
|
#~ " Pajură,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
|
|
#~ " if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Ai obținut: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and "
|
|
#~ "`Tails`. You might note the namespace when using variants."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Această pagină oferă un tip enum `CoinFlip` cu două variante `Heads` și "
|
|
#~ "`Tails`. Trebuie să țineți cont de spațiul de nume atunci când folosiți "
|
|
#~ "variante."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În ambele, funcțiile asociate sunt definite în cadrul unui bloc `impl`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then "
|
|
#~ "use the `match` statement to extract the data from each variant:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puteți defini enume mai bogate în care variantele conțin date. Apoi "
|
|
#~ "puteți utiliza instrucțiunea `match` pentru a extrage datele din fiecare "
|
|
#~ "variantă:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "enum WebEvent {\n"
|
|
#~ " PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n"
|
|
#~ " KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n"
|
|
#~ " Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
|
|
#~ " match event {\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, "
|
|
#~ "y={y}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
|
|
#~ " let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
|
|
#~ " let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(load);\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(press);\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(click);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "enum WebEvent {\n"
|
|
#~ " PageLoad, // Variantă fără sarcină utilă\n"
|
|
#~ " KeyPress(char), // Variantă cu structură de tuple\n"
|
|
#~ " Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Variantă structurală completă\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
|
|
#~ " se potrivește cu evenimentul {\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"pagina încărcată\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"apăsat '{c}]'\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"apăsat la x={x}, "
|
|
#~ "y={y}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
|
|
#~ " let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
|
|
#~ " let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(load);\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(press);\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(click);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There "
|
|
#~ "is no fall-through like in C or C++."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Expresia este comparată cu modelele de sus în jos. Nu există nicio cădere "
|
|
#~ "ca în C sau C++."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the "
|
|
#~ "match arm which was executed."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Expresia de potrivire are o valoare. Valoarea este ultima expresie din "
|
|
#~ "brațul de potrivire care a fost executată."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run "
|
|
#~ "the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Începând de sus, căutăm ce model se potrivește cu valoarea, apoi executăm "
|
|
#~ "codul care urmează săgeata. Odată ce găsim o potrivire, ne oprim."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`match` inspectează un câmp discriminant ascuns în `enum`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::"
|
|
#~ "discriminant()`"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Este posibil să se recupereze discriminantul prin apelarea `std::mem::"
|
|
#~ "discriminant()`"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs "
|
|
#~ "where comparing field values doesn't affect equality."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Acest lucru este util, de exemplu, dacă se implementează `PartialEq` "
|
|
#~ "pentru structurile în care compararea valorilor câmpurilor nu afectează "
|
|
#~ "egalitatea."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::"
|
|
#~ "Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined "
|
|
#~ "version cannot implement traits, for example."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`WebEvent::Click { ... }` nu este exact același lucru cu `WebEvent::"
|
|
#~ "Click(Click)` cu un nivel superior `struct Click { ... }`. De exemplu, "
|
|
#~ "versiunea simplificată nu poate implementa trăsături."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into "
|
|
#~ "account:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Enumerațiile Rust sunt împachetate strâns, luând în considerare "
|
|
#~ "constrângerile datorate alinierii:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::any::type_name;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn dbg_size<T>() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n"
|
|
#~ " type_name::<T>(), size_of::<T>(), align_of::<T>());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " A,\n"
|
|
#~ " B,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_size::<Foo>();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::any::nume_tip;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn dbg_size<T>() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n"
|
|
#~ " type_name:::<T>(), size_of::<T>(), align_of::<T>()));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " A,\n"
|
|
#~ " B,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_size:::<Foo>();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum "
|
|
#~ "variant."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La nivel intern, Rust utilizează un câmp (discriminant) pentru a ține "
|
|
#~ "evidența variantei enum."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Try out other types such as"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Încercați și alte tipuri, cum ar fi"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`dbg_size!(bool)`: dimensiune 1 octet, aliniere: 1 octet,"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche "
|
|
#~ "optimization, see below),"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (optimizare de "
|
|
#~ "nișă, a se vedea mai jos),"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine),"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(&i32)`: dimensiune 8 octeți, aliniere: 8 octeți (pe o mașină "
|
|
#~ "pe 64 de biți),"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer "
|
|
#~ "optimization, see below)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: dimensiune 8 octeți, aliniere: 8 octeți "
|
|
#~ "(optimizare pointer nul, a se vedea mai jos)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Niche optimization: Rust will merge unused bit patterns for the enum "
|
|
#~ "discriminant."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Optimizarea nișei: Rust va unifica modelele de biți neutilizate pentru "
|
|
#~ "discriminantul enum."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain "
|
|
#~ "more than 256 `Option`s together."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Exemplu mai complex dacă doriți să discutați ce se întâmplă atunci când "
|
|
#~ "înlănțuim mai mult de 256 de `Opțiuni`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let arg = std::env::args().next();\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(value) = arg {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Missing name?\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let arg = std::env::args().next();\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(value) = arg {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Numele programului: {value}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Nume lipsă?\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-"
|
|
#~ "example/flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a "
|
|
#~ "destructuring assignment, or if it fails, execute a block which is "
|
|
#~ "required to abort normal control flow (with `panic`/`return`/`break`/"
|
|
#~ "`continue`):"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Începând cu versiunea 1.65, o construcție similară [let-else](https://doc."
|
|
#~ "rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/let_else.html) permite "
|
|
#~ "efectuarea unei atribuiri destructurante sau, dacă aceasta eșuează, "
|
|
#~ "executarea unui bloc care este necesar pentru a întrerupe fluxul normal "
|
|
#~ "de control (cu `panic`/`return`/`break`/`continue`):"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
|
|
#~ "match-expr.html) is used to match a value against one or more patterns. "
|
|
#~ "In that sense, it works like a series of `if let` expressions:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Cuvântul cheie [`match`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/"
|
|
#~ "match-expr.html) este utilizat pentru a compara o valoare cu unul sau mai "
|
|
#~ "multe modele. În acest sens, funcționează ca o serie de expresii `if let`:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Va face lucruri de pisică\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Va face ls unor fișiere\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Va muta niște fișiere\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, periculos!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => println!(\"Hmm, niciun nume de program?\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => println!(\"Nume de program necunoscut!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Save the match expression to a variable and print it out."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Salvați expresia de potrivire într-o variabilă și imprimați-o."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Eliminați `.as_deref()` și explicați eroarea."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option<String>`, but we cannot "
|
|
#~ "match against `String`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`std::env::args().next()` returnează o `Opțiune<String>`, dar nu putem "
|
|
#~ "compara cu `String`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`as_deref()` transforms an `Option<T>` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our "
|
|
#~ "case, this turns `Option<String>` into `Option<&str>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`as_deref()` transformă o `Opțiune<T>` în `Opțiune<&T::Target>`. În cazul "
|
|
#~ "nostru, aceasta transformă `Opțiunea<String>` în `Opțiunea<&str>`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside "
|
|
#~ "`Option`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Acum putem folosi potrivirea de tipare pentru a ne potrivi cu `&str` din "
|
|
#~ "`Option`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let input = 'x';\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " match input {\n"
|
|
#~ " 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let input = 'x';\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " match input {\n"
|
|
#~ " 'q' => println!(\"Renunțare\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " 'a' | 's' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => println!(\"Altceva\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Modelul `_` este un model wildcard care se potrivește cu orice valoare."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a "
|
|
#~ "wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Poate fi util să se arate cum funcționează legarea, de exemplu, prin "
|
|
#~ "înlocuirea unui caracter wildcard cu o variabilă sau prin eliminarea "
|
|
#~ "ghilimelelor din jurul lui `q`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can demonstrate matching on a reference."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puteți demonstra potrivirea pe o referință."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable "
|
|
#~ "patterns, as the term can show up in error messages."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Acesta ar putea fi un moment bun pentru a aduce în discuție conceptul de "
|
|
#~ "modele irefutabile, deoarece acest termen poate apărea în mesajele de "
|
|
#~ "eroare."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(i32),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let n = 100;\n"
|
|
#~ " match divide_in_two(n) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: "
|
|
#~ "{msg}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(i32),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Err(format!(\"nu se poate împărți {n} în două părți "
|
|
#~ "egale\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let n = 100;\n"
|
|
#~ " match divide_in_two(n) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} împărțit la doi este "
|
|
#~ "{half}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"scuze, s-a produs o eroare: "
|
|
#~ "{msg}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puteți, de asemenea, să destructurați `structuri`:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
#~ " y: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n"
|
|
#~ " match foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were "
|
|
#~ "ignored\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
#~ " y: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n"
|
|
#~ " match foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Foo { y, ... } => println!(\"y = {y}, celelalte câmpuri au "
|
|
#~ "fost ignorate\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " match triple {\n"
|
|
#~ " [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Spune-mi despre {triple:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " match triple {\n"
|
|
#~ " [0, y, z] => println!(\"Primul este 0, y = {y}, iar z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " [1, ...] => println!(\"Primul este 1, iar restul au fost "
|
|
#~ "ignorate\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => println!(\"Toate elementele au fost ignorate\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of "
|
|
#~ "fixed length."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Destructurarea feliilor de lungime necunoscută funcționează, de asemenea, "
|
|
#~ "cu modele de lungime fixă."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " match slice {\n"
|
|
#~ " &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were "
|
|
#~ "ignored\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Spune-mi despre {slice:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " se potrivește cu slice {\n"
|
|
#~ " &[0, y, z] => println!(\"Primul este 0, y = {y}, și z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " &[1, ..] => println!(\"Primul este 1, iar restul au fost "
|
|
#~ "ignorate\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => println!(\"Toate elementele au fost ignorate\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary "
|
|
#~ "Boolean expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La potrivire, puteți adăuga un _guard_ la un model. Aceasta este o "
|
|
#~ "expresie booleană arbitrară care va fi executată în cazul în care modelul "
|
|
#~ "se potrivește:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let pair = (2, -2);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " match pair {\n"
|
|
#~ " (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let pair = (2, -2);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Spune-mi despre {pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " match pair {\n"
|
|
#~ " (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"Aceștia sunt gemeni\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimaterie, kaboom!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " (x, _) dacă x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"Primul este impar\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => println!(\"Nici o corelație...\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puteți utiliza variabilele definite în model în expresia if."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 1: Exerciții după-amiaza"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We will look at two things:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ne vom uita la două lucruri:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The Luhn algorithm,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Algoritmul Luhn,"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "An exercise on pattern matching."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Un exercițiu de potrivire a modelelor."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the "
|
|
#~ "function."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Copiați codul de mai jos în <https://play.rust-lang.org/> și implementați "
|
|
#~ "funcția."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Try to solve the problem the \"simple\" way first, using `for` loops and "
|
|
#~ "integers. Then, revisit the solution and try to implement it with "
|
|
#~ "iterators."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Încercați să rezolvați mai întâi problema în mod \"simplu\", folosind "
|
|
#~ "buclele `for` și numere întregi. Apoi, revedeți soluția și încercați să o "
|
|
#~ "implementați cu iteratori."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo 0 0\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: eliminați acest lucru atunci când ați terminat cu "
|
|
#~ "implementarea.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo 0 0\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_vid_număr_cc_vid() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \")));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\")));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\")));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "/// An operation to perform on two subexpressions.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Operation {\n"
|
|
#~ " Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " Sub,\n"
|
|
#~ " Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " Div,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// An expression, in tree form.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Expression {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// An operation on two subexpressions.\n"
|
|
#~ " Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box<Expression>,\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box<Expression>,\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// A literal value\n"
|
|
#~ " Value(i64),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// The result of evaluating an expression.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Res {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Evaluation was successful, with the given result.\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(i64),\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Evaluation failed, with the given error message.\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// Allow `Ok` and `Err` as shorthands for `Res::Ok` and `Res::Err`.\n"
|
|
#~ "use Res::{Err, Ok};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn eval(e: Expression) -> Res {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_value() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(eval(Expression::Value(19)), Ok(19));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_sum() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(10)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(20)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(30)\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_recursion() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let term1 = Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(10)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(9)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let term2 = Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Sub,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(3)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(4)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(term1),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(term2),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(85)\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_error() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Div,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(99)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(0)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String::from(\"division by zero\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "/// O operație care trebuie efectuată asupra a două subexpresii.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Operation {\n"
|
|
#~ " Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " Sub,\n"
|
|
#~ " Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " Div,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// O expresie, în formă de arbore.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Expression {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// O operație asupra a două subexpresii.\n"
|
|
#~ " Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operație,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box<Expression>,\n"
|
|
#~ " dreapta: Caseta<Expression>,\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// O valoare literală\n"
|
|
#~ " Valoare(i64),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Rezultatul evaluării unei expresii.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Res {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Evaluarea a avut succes, cu rezultatul dat.\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(i64),\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Evaluarea a eșuat, cu mesajul de eroare dat.\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// Permiteți `Ok` și `Err` ca prescurtări pentru `Res::Ok` și `Res::"
|
|
#~ "Err`.\n"
|
|
#~ "use Res::{Err, Ok};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn eval(e: Expression) -> Res {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_value() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(eval(Expression::Value(19)), Ok(19));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_sum() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(10)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(20)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(30)\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_recursiune_test() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let term1 = Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(10)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(9)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let term2 = Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Sub,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(3)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expresie::Valoare(4)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " dreapta: Box::new(Expression::Value(5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(term1),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(term2),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(85)\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_error() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Div,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(99)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expresie::Valoare(0)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String::from(\"împărțire la zero\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based "
|
|
#~ "memory management, and garbage collection."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Gestionarea memoriei: stivă vs. heap, gestionarea manuală a memoriei, "
|
|
#~ "gestionarea memoriei pe baza domeniului de aplicare și colectarea "
|
|
#~ "gunoiului."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Proprietatea: semantica mutării, copierea și clonarea, împrumutul și "
|
|
#~ "durata de viață."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Structs and methods."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Structuri și metode."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, "
|
|
#~ "`Rc` and `Arc`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Biblioteca standard: `String`, `Option` și `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, "
|
|
#~ "`Rc` și `Arc`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Module: vizibilitate, căi de acces și ierarhia sistemului de fișiere."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În primul rând, să reîmprospătăm modul în care funcționează gestionarea "
|
|
#~ "memoriei."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The Stack vs The Heap"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Stiva vs grămada"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Stack and Heap Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Exemplu de stivă și heap"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ " s1.push(' ');\n"
|
|
#~ " s1.push_str(\"world\");\n"
|
|
#~ " // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
|
|
#~ " // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead "
|
|
#~ "to\n"
|
|
#~ " // undefined behavior.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::"
|
|
#~ "transmute(s1);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = "
|
|
#~ "{capacity}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ " s1.push(' ');\n"
|
|
#~ " s1.push_str(\"lume\");\n"
|
|
#~ " // NU FACEȚI ASTA ACASĂ! Doar în scopuri educaționale.\n"
|
|
#~ " // String nu oferă nicio garanție cu privire la aspectul său, astfel "
|
|
#~ "încât acest lucru ar putea duce la\n"
|
|
#~ " // un comportament nedefinit.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (ptr, capacity, len): (usize, usize, usize, usize) = std::"
|
|
#~ "mem::transmute(s1);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = "
|
|
#~ "{capacity}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Alocați și dezalocați singur memoria heap."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security "
|
|
#~ "vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dacă nu se face cu atenție, acest lucru poate duce la blocări, erori, "
|
|
#~ "vulnerabilități de securitate și pierderi de memorie."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "C Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "C Exemplu"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Trebuie să apelați `free` pentru fiecare pointer pe care îl alocați cu "
|
|
#~ "`malloc`:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "void foo(size_t n) {\n"
|
|
#~ " int* int_array = malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " // ... lots of code\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " free(int_array);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "void foo(size_t n) {\n"
|
|
#~ " int* int_array = malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " // ... o mulțime de cod\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " free(int_array);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and "
|
|
#~ "`free`: the pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory. Worse, "
|
|
#~ "freeing the pointer twice, or accessing a freed pointer can lead to "
|
|
#~ "exploitable security vulnerabilities."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Memoria este pierdută dacă funcția se întoarce mai devreme între `malloc` "
|
|
#~ "și `free`: pointerul este pierdut și nu putem dezaloca memoria. Mai rău, "
|
|
#~ "eliberarea de două ori a pointerului sau accesarea unui pointer eliberat "
|
|
#~ "poate duce la vulnerabilități de securitate exploatabile."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Constructori și destructori vă permit să vă conectați la durata de viață "
|
|
#~ "a unui obiect."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object "
|
|
#~ "is destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an "
|
|
#~ "exception is raised."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Prin includerea unui pointer într-un obiect, puteți elibera memoria "
|
|
#~ "atunci când obiectul este distrus. Compilatorul garantează că acest lucru "
|
|
#~ "se va întâmpla, chiar dacă este ridicată o excepție."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and "
|
|
#~ "gives you smart pointers."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Acest lucru se numește adesea _achiziționarea resurselor este "
|
|
#~ "inițializare_ (RAII) și vă oferă pointeri inteligenți."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "C++ Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Exemplu C++"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c++\n"
|
|
#~ "void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c++\n"
|
|
#~ "void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cout << \"Bună ziua \" << person->nume << std::"
|
|
#~ "endl;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to "
|
|
#~ "memory allocated on the heap."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Obiectul `std::unique_ptr` este alocat pe stivă și indică memoria alocată "
|
|
#~ "pe heap."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "La sfârșitul lui `say_hello`, se va executa destructorul `std::"
|
|
#~ "unique_ptr`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Distrugătorul eliberează obiectul `Person` pe care îl indică."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Constructorii de mișcare specială sunt utilizați atunci când se transmite "
|
|
#~ "proprietatea unei funcții:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic "
|
|
#~ "memory management:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "O alternativă la gestionarea manuală a memoriei și la cea bazată pe "
|
|
#~ "domeniul de aplicare este gestionarea automată a memoriei:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Programatorul nu alocă și nu dezalocă niciodată memoria în mod explicit."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the "
|
|
#~ "programmer."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Un colector de gunoi găsește memoria neutilizată și o dezalocă pentru "
|
|
#~ "programator."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Java Example"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Exemplu Java"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Obiectul `person` nu este dezalocat după ce `sayHello` se întoarce:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
|
|
#~ " System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "void sayHello(Person person person) {\n"
|
|
#~ " System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Memory Management in Rust"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Gestionarea memoriei în Rust"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Gestionarea memoriei în Rust este un amestec:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Sigur și corect ca Java, dar fără un colector de gunoi."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Bazat pe domeniul de aplicare, ca și în cazul C++, dar compilatorul "
|
|
#~ "impune o aderență totală."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even "
|
|
#~ "have no cost at runtime like C."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Un utilizator Rust poate alege abstractizarea potrivită pentru situația "
|
|
#~ "respectivă, unele chiar nu au niciun cost la execuție, precum C."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Rust achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rust realizează acest lucru prin modelarea explicită a _proprietății_."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually "
|
|
#~ "handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/"
|
|
#~ "boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct."
|
|
#~ "Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html), or [Arc]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html). These encapsulate "
|
|
#~ "ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the "
|
|
#~ "potential errors in C."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dacă sunteți întrebat cum în acest moment, puteți menționa că în Rust "
|
|
#~ "acest lucru este de obicei gestionat de tipurile de înveliș RAII, cum ar "
|
|
#~ "fi [Box](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html), [Vec]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html), [Rc](https://doc."
|
|
#~ "rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html) sau [Arc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ "std/sync/struct.Arc.html). Acestea încapsulează proprietatea și alocarea "
|
|
#~ "memoriei prin diverse mijloace și previn potențialele erori din C."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop](https://doc.rust-lang."
|
|
#~ "org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) trait is the Rust equivalent."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "S-ar putea să fiți întrebat despre destructori aici, trăsătura [Drop]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html) este echivalentul "
|
|
#~ "Rust."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "A destructor can run here to free up resources."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Un destructor poate fi executat aici pentru a elibera resurse."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Există întotdeauna _exact_ o singură legătură de variabilă care deține o "
|
|
#~ "valoare."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Datele heap din `s1` sunt reutilizate pentru `s2`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Când `s1` iese din domeniul de aplicare, nu se întâmplă nimic (a fost "
|
|
#~ "mutat din)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c++\n"
|
|
#~ "std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
|
|
#~ "std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c++\n"
|
|
#~ "std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
|
|
#~ "std::string s2 = s1; // Duplică datele din s1.\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn say_hello(name: String) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
#~ " say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
#~ " // say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn say_hello(name: String) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bună ziua {name}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
#~ " say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
#~ " // say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a "
|
|
#~ "way to generate code in Rust at compile time. In this case the default "
|
|
#~ "implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dacă elevii întreabă despre `derive`, este suficient să spunem că este o "
|
|
#~ "modalitate de a genera cod în Rust la compilare. În acest caz sunt "
|
|
#~ "generate implementările implicite ale trăsăturilor `Copy` și `Clone`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "O valoare împrumutată are o _durată de viață_:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Durata de viață poate fi implicită: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> "
|
|
#~ "Point`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Duratele de viață pot fi, de asemenea, explicite: `&'a Point`, "
|
|
#~ "`&'document str`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the "
|
|
#~ "lifetime `a`\"."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Citiți `&'a Point` ca fiind \"un `Point` împrumutat care este valabil cel "
|
|
#~ "puțin pentru durata de viață `a`\"."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a "
|
|
#~ "lifetime yourself."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Duratele de viață sunt întotdeauna deduse de compilator: nu puteți "
|
|
#~ "atribui o durată de viață dumneavoastră."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed "
|
|
#~ "value:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Pe lângă împrumutul argumentelor sale, o funcție poate returna o valoare "
|
|
#~ "împrumutată:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`'a` este un parametru generic, acesta este dedus de compilator."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Durata de viață începe cu `'`, iar `'a` este un nume implicit tipic."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Partea \"cel puțin\" este importantă atunci când parametrii se află în "
|
|
#~ "domenii de aplicare diferite."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a new scope (`{ ... }`), "
|
|
#~ "resulting in the following code:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Mutați declarațiile lui `p2` și `p3` într-un nou domeniu (`{ ... }`), "
|
|
#~ "rezultând următorul cod:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Observați cum acest lucru nu se compilează deoarece `p3` este mai mare "
|
|
#~ "decât `p2`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn "
|
|
#~ "left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will "
|
|
#~ "not compile because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` "
|
|
#~ "is unclear."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Resetați spațiul de lucru și modificați semnătura funcției în `fn "
|
|
#~ "left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. Acest "
|
|
#~ "lucru nu se va compila deoarece relația dintre duratele de viață `'a` și "
|
|
#~ "`'b` nu este clară."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Another way to explain it:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Un alt mod de a explica acest lucru:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function "
|
|
#~ "returns another reference."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Două referințe la două valori sunt împrumutate de o funcție, iar funcția "
|
|
#~ "returnează o altă referință."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global "
|
|
#~ "variable)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Trebuie să fi provenit de la una dintre aceste două intrări (sau de la o "
|
|
#~ "variabilă globală)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Which one is it? The compiler needs to know, so at the call site the "
|
|
#~ "returned reference is not used for longer than a variable from where the "
|
|
#~ "reference came from."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Care dintre ele este? Compilatorul trebuie să știe, astfel încât, la "
|
|
#~ "locul de apel, referința returnată să nu fie utilizată mai mult timp "
|
|
#~ "decât o variabilă din care provine referința."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn erase(text: String) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
|
|
#~ "\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n"
|
|
#~ " let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // erase(text);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn erase(text: String) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"La revedere {text}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let text = String::from(\"Vulpea cea iute și brună sare peste câinele "
|
|
#~ "leneș.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n"
|
|
#~ " let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // erase(text);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut peter = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " age: 27,\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ " peter.age = 28;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ " let jackie = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " ..peter\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut peter = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " vârstă: 27,\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} are {} ani\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ " peter.age = 28;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} are {} ani\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ " let jackie = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " ..peter\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} are {} ani\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following "
|
|
#~ "slides."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Metodele sunt definite într-un bloc `impl`, pe care îl vom vedea în slide-"
|
|
#~ "urile următoare."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Point(17, 23);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Point(17, 23);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!\"(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Newtons(f64);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
|
|
#~ " set_thruster_force(force);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Newtons(f64);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Întrebați un specialist în rachete de la NASA\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
|
|
#~ " set_thruster_force(force);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " Person { name, age }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " Persoană { nume, vârstă }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is "
|
|
#~ "interchangeable with the struct type name"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Funcția `new` ar putea fi scrisă folosind `Self` ca tip, deoarece este "
|
|
#~ "interschimbabilă cu numele de tip struct"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use "
|
|
#~ "the default values for the other fields."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Implementează trăsătura `Default` pentru structura. Definiți unele "
|
|
#~ "câmpuri și utilizați valorile implicite pentru celelalte câmpuri."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Default for Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn default() -> Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " age: 0,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "fn create_default() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " ..Person::default()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " ..Person::default()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Default for Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn default() -> Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " Persoană {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " age: 0,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "fn create_default() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " ..Person::default()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " ..Person::default()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Methods are defined in the `impl` block."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Metodele sunt definite în blocul `impl`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note "
|
|
#~ "that the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Utilizați sintaxa de actualizare a structurii pentru a defini o nouă "
|
|
#~ "structură folosind `peter`. Rețineți că variabila `peter` nu va mai fi "
|
|
#~ "accesibilă ulterior."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Utilizați `{:#?}` la imprimarea structurilor pentru a solicita "
|
|
#~ "reprezentarea `Debug`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let peter = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " age: 27,\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " peter.say_hello();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bună ziua, numele meu este {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let peter = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " vârstă: 27,\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " peter.say_hello();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We describe the distinction between method receivers next."
|
|
#~ msgstr "În continuare, vom descrie distincția dintre receptorii de metode."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". "
|
|
#~ "These constraints always come together in Rust due to borrow checker "
|
|
#~ "rules, and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to reference a "
|
|
#~ "struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method "
|
|
#~ "on it."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Luați în considerare posibilitatea de a pune accentul pe \"partajat și "
|
|
#~ "imuabil\" și \"unic și mutabil\". Aceste constrângeri se întâlnesc "
|
|
#~ "întotdeauna în Rust datorită regulilor de verificare a împrumuturilor, "
|
|
#~ "iar `self` nu face excepție. Nu este posibil să se facă referire la o "
|
|
#~ "structură din mai multe locații și să se apeleze o metodă mutantă (`&mut "
|
|
#~ "self`) asupra acesteia."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Race {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " laps: Vec<i32>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Race {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n"
|
|
#~ " Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write "
|
|
#~ "access to self\n"
|
|
#~ " self.laps.push(lap);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to "
|
|
#~ "self\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self."
|
|
#~ "name);\n"
|
|
#~ " for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n"
|
|
#~ " let total = self.laps.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, "
|
|
#~ "total);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n"
|
|
#~ " race.add_lap(70);\n"
|
|
#~ " race.add_lap(68);\n"
|
|
#~ " race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
#~ " race.add_lap(71);\n"
|
|
#~ " race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
#~ " race.finish();\n"
|
|
#~ " // race.add_lap(42);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Race {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " laps: Vec<i32>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Race {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // Fără receptor, o metodă "
|
|
#~ "statică\n"
|
|
#~ " Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Acces exclusiv împrumutat de "
|
|
#~ "citire-scriere la self\n"
|
|
#~ " self.laps.push(lap);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn print_laps(&self) { // Acces împrumutat partajat și numai "
|
|
#~ "pentru citire la self\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Înregistrat {} laps pentru {}:\", self.laps.len(), "
|
|
#~ "self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Tur {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn finish(self) { // Proprietatea exclusivă a lui self\n"
|
|
#~ " let total = self.laps.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Cursa {} s-a terminat, timpul total pe tur: {}\", self."
|
|
#~ "name, total);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n"
|
|
#~ " race.add_lap(70);\n"
|
|
#~ " race.add_lap(68);\n"
|
|
#~ " race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
#~ " race.add_lap(71);\n"
|
|
#~ " race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
#~ " race.finish();\n"
|
|
#~ " // race.add_lap(42);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "All four methods here use a different method receiver."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Toate cele patru metode de aici utilizează un receptor de metodă diferit."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the "
|
|
#~ "variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puteți sublinia modul în care acest lucru schimbă ceea ce poate face "
|
|
#~ "funcția cu valorile variabilelor și dacă/cum poate fi utilizată din nou "
|
|
#~ "în `main`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` "
|
|
#~ "twice."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puteți prezenta eroarea care apare atunci când încercați să apelați "
|
|
#~ "`finish` de două ori."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static "
|
|
#~ "functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables "
|
|
#~ "automatic referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust "
|
|
#~ "automatically adds in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches "
|
|
#~ "the method signature."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Rețineți că, deși destinatarii metodelor sunt diferiți, funcțiile non-"
|
|
#~ "statice sunt apelate în același mod în corpul principal. Rust permite "
|
|
#~ "referențierea și de-referențierea automată la apelarea metodelor. Rust "
|
|
#~ "adaugă automat în `&`, `*`, `muts` astfel încât obiectul respectiv să "
|
|
#~ "corespundă semnăturii metodei."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated "
|
|
#~ "over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Ați putea sublinia că `print_laps` folosește un vector care este iterat. "
|
|
#~ "Vom descrie vectorii mai în detaliu în cursul după-amiezii."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2: Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 2: Exerciții de dimineață"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Vom analiza implementarea metodelor în două contexte:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Storing books and querying the collection"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Stocarea cărților și interogarea colecției"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Keeping track of health statistics for patients"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Urmărirea statisticilor de sănătate pentru pacienți"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec<T>` type tomorrow. For "
|
|
#~ "now, you just need to know part of its API:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Mâine vom învăța mult mai multe despre structuri și tipul `Vec<T>`. "
|
|
#~ "Deocamdată, trebuie doar să cunoașteți o parte din API-ul său:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n"
|
|
#~ " vec.push(30);\n"
|
|
#~ " let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n"
|
|
#~ " for item in &vec {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n"
|
|
#~ " vec.push(30);\n"
|
|
#~ " let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"valoarea de mijloc: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n"
|
|
#~ " for item in &vec {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Use this to model a library's book collection. Copy the code below to "
|
|
#~ "<https://play.rust-lang.org/> and update the types to make it compile:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Folosiți acest lucru pentru a modela colecția de cărți a unei biblioteci. "
|
|
#~ "Copiați codul de mai jos în <https://play.rust-lang.org/> și actualizați "
|
|
#~ "tipurile pentru a-l compila:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " year: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
#~ " year,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Implement the methods below. Notice how the `self` parameter\n"
|
|
#~ "// changes type to indicate the method's required level of ownership\n"
|
|
#~ "// over the object:\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn print_books(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and print each book's title and "
|
|
#~ "year\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " library.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
#~ "1865));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " library.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Biblioteca {\n"
|
|
#~ " books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " titlu: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " year: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Acesta este un constructor, utilizat mai jos.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " Carte {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
#~ " year,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Implementați metodele de mai jos. Observați modul în care parametrul "
|
|
#~ "`self`\n"
|
|
#~ "// își schimbă tipul pentru a indica nivelul necesar de proprietate al "
|
|
#~ "metodei\n"
|
|
#~ "// asupra obiectului:\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `&self` pentru acces partajat numai pentru citire,\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `&mut self` pentru acces unic și mutabil,\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `self` pentru acces unic prin valoare.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Inițializează și returnează o valoare `Library`\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Returnează lungimea lui `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Returnează `true` dacă `self.books` este gol\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Adaugă o nouă carte în `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn print_books(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Iterați peste `self.books` și imprimați titlul și anul "
|
|
#~ "fiecărei cărți\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Returnează o referință la cea mai veche carte (dacă "
|
|
#~ "există)\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Biblioteca este goală: library.is_empty() -> {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " library.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Aventurile lui Alice în Țara "
|
|
#~ "Minunilor\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Biblioteca nu mai este goală: library.is_empty() -> {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " library.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " se potrivește library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(book) => println!(\"Cea mai veche carte este {}\", book."
|
|
#~ "title),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => println!(\"Biblioteca este goală!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"Biblioteca are {} cărți\", library.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct User {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " height: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct HealthReport<'a> {\n"
|
|
#~ " patient_name: &'a str,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height_change: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl User {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Create a new User instance\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Return the user's name\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Return the user's age\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Return the user's height\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn doctor_visits(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Return the number of time the user has visited the "
|
|
#~ "doctor\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Set the user's age\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Set the user's height\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> "
|
|
#~ "HealthReport {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Update a user's statistics based on measurements from a "
|
|
#~ "visit to the doctor\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_height() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_set_age() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
|
|
#~ " bob.set_age(33);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_visit() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " height: 156.1,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " height: 156.1,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: eliminați acest lucru atunci când ați terminat cu "
|
|
#~ "implementarea.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct User {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " înălțime: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct struct Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " height: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct struct HealthReport<'a> {\n"
|
|
#~ " patient_name: &'a str,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height_change: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl User {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Creează o nouă instanță de utilizator\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Returnează numele utilizatorului\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Returnează vârsta utilizatorului\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Întoarce înălțimea utilizatorului\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn fn doctor_visite(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Întoarce numărul de vizite ale utilizatorului la "
|
|
#~ "doctor\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Setează vârsta utilizatorului\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Stabilește înălțimea utilizatorului\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> "
|
|
#~ "HealthReport {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Actualizează statisticile unui utilizator pe baza "
|
|
#~ "măsurătorilor de la o vizită la medic\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Sunt {} și vârsta mea este {}\", bob.name(), bob.age()), "
|
|
#~ "bob.age());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_înălțime() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_set_age() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
|
|
#~ " bob.set_age(33);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_vizita_test() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visitează(), 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " înălțime: 156,1,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " înălțime: 156,1,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The common vocabulary types include:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tipurile comune de vocabular includ:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional "
|
|
#~ "values and [error handling](error-handling.md)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "tipurile [`Option` și `Result`](std/option-result.md): utilizate pentru "
|
|
#~ "valorile opționale și [error handling](error-handling.md)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`String`](std/string.md): tipul de șir de caractere implicit utilizat "
|
|
#~ "pentru datele deținute."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector."
|
|
#~ msgstr "[`Vec`](std/vec.md): un vector extensibil standard."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing "
|
|
#~ "algorithm."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): un tip de hartă hash cu un algoritm de "
|
|
#~ "hashing configurabil."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "[`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Box`](std/box.md): un pointer deținut pentru datele alocate în heap."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated "
|
|
#~ "data."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Rc`](std/rc.md): un pointer partajat cu referințe pentru date alocate "
|
|
#~ "în heap."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Option` and `Result`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Opțiune` și `Rezultat`"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The types represent optional data:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Tipurile reprezintă date opționale:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let arr: Result<[i8; 3], Vec<i8>> = numbers.try_into();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"arr: {arr:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let arr: Result<[i8; 3], Vec<i8>> = numbers.try_into();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"arr: {arr:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Option<&T>`` are un spațiu de lucru zero în comparație cu `&T`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`try_into` attempts to convert the vector into a fixed-sized array. This "
|
|
#~ "can fail:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`try_into` încearcă să convertească vectorul într-o matrice de dimensiune "
|
|
#~ "fixă. Acest lucru poate eșua:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If the vector has the right size, `Result::Ok` is returned with the array."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dacă vectorul are dimensiunea corectă, se returnează `Result::Ok` "
|
|
#~ "împreună cu matricea."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Otherwise, `Result::Err` is returned with the original vector."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În caz contrar, se returnează `Result::Err` împreună cu vectorul original."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
|
|
#~ " s2.push('!');\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
|
|
#~ " s3.chars().count());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity()));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
|
|
#~ " s2.push('!');\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
|
|
#~ " s3.chars().count()));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " v1.push(42);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.push(9999);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Retain only the even elements.\n"
|
|
#~ " v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
|
|
#~ " v3.dedup();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " v1.push(42);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity()));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.push(9999);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.len(), v2."
|
|
#~ "capacity());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Macro canonică pentru inițializarea unui vector cu elemente.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Reține doar elementele pare.\n"
|
|
#~ " v3.retain(|x| x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Elimină duplicatele consecutive.\n"
|
|
#~ " v3.dedup();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value: `for e in &mut v "
|
|
#~ "{ *e += 50; }`"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Se arată iterarea peste un vector și mutarea valorii: `for e in &mut v "
|
|
#~ "{ *e += 50; }`"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), "
|
|
#~ "207);\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
|
|
#~ "Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
#~ " match page_counts.get(book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
|
|
#~ " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
|
|
#~ "Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
#~ " let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())."
|
|
#~ "or_insert(0);\n"
|
|
#~ " *page_count += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Aventurile lui Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), "
|
|
#~ "207);\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Știm despre {} cărți, dar nu și despre Les Misérables."
|
|
#~ "\",\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for book in [\"Mândrie și prejudecată\", \"Aventura lui Alice în Țara "
|
|
#~ "Minunilor\"] {\n"
|
|
#~ " match page_counts.get(book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pagini\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => println!(\"{book} este necunoscut.\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Utilizați metoda .entry() pentru a introduce o valoare dacă nu se "
|
|
#~ "găsește nimic.\n"
|
|
#~ " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in "
|
|
#~ "Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
#~ " let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string())."
|
|
#~ "or_insert(0);\n"
|
|
#~ " *page_count += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ " let pc1 = page_counts\n"
|
|
#~ " .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\")\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(&336);\n"
|
|
#~ " let pc2 = page_counts\n"
|
|
#~ " .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n"
|
|
#~ " .or_insert(374);\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ " let pc1 = page_counts\n"
|
|
#~ " .get(\"Harry Potter și piatra vrăjitoarelor\")\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(&336);\n"
|
|
#~ " let pc2 = page_counts\n"
|
|
#~ " .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n"
|
|
#~ " .or_insert(374);\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ " let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n"
|
|
#~ " (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n"
|
|
#~ " (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n"
|
|
#~ " ]);\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```încredere,ignora\n"
|
|
#~ " let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n"
|
|
#~ " (\"Harry Potter și Piatra Vrăjitoarelor\".to_string(), 336),\n"
|
|
#~ " (\"Jocurile foamei\".to_string(), 374),\n"
|
|
#~ " ]);\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Box`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Box`"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let five = Box::new(5);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let five = Box::new(5);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"cinci: {}\", *cinci);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` "
|
|
#~ "statement thanks to `Deref`. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În exemplul de mai sus, puteți chiar să omiteți `*` în instrucțiunea "
|
|
#~ "`println!` datorită lui `Deref`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Box with Recursive Data Structures"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Caseta cu structuri de date recursive"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum List<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
|
|
#~ " Nil,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let list: List<i32> = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::"
|
|
#~ "new(List::Nil))));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{list:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum List<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
|
|
#~ " Nil,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let list: List<i32> = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::"
|
|
#~ "new(List::Nil))));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{list:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Cell` and `RefCell`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Cell` și `RefCell`"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) and "
|
|
#~ "[`RefCell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) "
|
|
#~ "implement what Rust calls _interior mutability:_ mutation of values in an "
|
|
#~ "immutable context."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Cell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.Cell.html) și "
|
|
#~ "[`RefCell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/struct.RefCell.html) "
|
|
#~ "implementează ceea ce Rust numește _mutabilitatea interioară:_ mutația "
|
|
#~ "valorilor într-un context imuabil."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`Cell` is typically used for simple types, as it requires copying or "
|
|
#~ "moving values. More complex interior types typically use `RefCell`, which "
|
|
#~ "tracks shared and exclusive references at runtime and panics if they are "
|
|
#~ "misused."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`Cell` este utilizat de obicei pentru tipuri simple, deoarece necesită "
|
|
#~ "copierea sau mutarea valorilor. Tipurile interioare mai complexe folosesc "
|
|
#~ "de obicei `RefCell`, care urmărește referințele partajate și exclusive în "
|
|
#~ "timpul execuției și intră în panică dacă acestea sunt folosite în mod "
|
|
#~ "abuziv."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::cell::RefCell;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Node {\n"
|
|
#~ " value: i64,\n"
|
|
#~ " children: Vec<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Node {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(value: i64) -> Rc<RefCell<Node>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() }))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::"
|
|
#~ "<i64>()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let root = Node::new(1);\n"
|
|
#~ " root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n"
|
|
#~ " let subtree = Node::new(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n"
|
|
#~ " subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n"
|
|
#~ " root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::cell::RefCell;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Node {\n"
|
|
#~ " value: i64,\n"
|
|
#~ " children: Vec<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Node {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(value: i64) -> Rc<RefCell<Node>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node { value, ..Node::default() })))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn sum(&self) -> i64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.value + self.children.iter().map(|c| c.borrow().sum()).sum::"
|
|
#~ "<i64>()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let root = Node::new(1);\n"
|
|
#~ " root.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(5));\n"
|
|
#~ " let subtree = Node::new(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(11));\n"
|
|
#~ " subtree.borrow_mut().children.push(Node::new(12));\n"
|
|
#~ " root.borrow_mut().children.push(subtree);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"graph sum: {}\", root.borrow().sum()));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If we were using `Cell` instead of `RefCell` in this example, we would "
|
|
#~ "have to move the `Node` out of the `Rc` to push children, then move it "
|
|
#~ "back in. This is safe because there's always one, un-referenced value in "
|
|
#~ "the cell, but it's not ergonomic."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dacă am fi folosit `Cell` în loc de `RefCell` în acest exemplu, ar fi "
|
|
#~ "trebuit să mutăm `Node` în afara `Rc` pentru a împinge copiii, apoi să îl "
|
|
#~ "mutăm înapoi. Acest lucru este sigur, deoarece în celulă există "
|
|
#~ "întotdeauna o singură valoare nereferențiată, dar nu este ergonomic."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "To do anything with a Node, you must call a `RefCell` method, usually "
|
|
#~ "`borrow` or `borrow_mut`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Pentru a face ceva cu un nod, trebuie să apelați o metodă `RefCell`, de "
|
|
#~ "obicei `borrow` sau `borrow_mut`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "mod foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"In the foo module\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod bar {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"In the bar module\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " foo::do_something();\n"
|
|
#~ " bar::do_something();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "mod foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"În modulul foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod bar {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"În modulul bar\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " foo::do_something();\n"
|
|
#~ " bar::do_something();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "mod outer {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn private() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::private\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::public\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " mod inner {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn private() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n"
|
|
#~ " super::private();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " outer::public();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "mod outer {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn private() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::private\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::public\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " mod inner {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn private() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n"
|
|
#~ " super::private();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " outer::public();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant "
|
|
#~ "germination\n"
|
|
#~ "//! implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Re-export types from this module.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n"
|
|
#~ "pub use garden::Garden;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn sow(seeds: Vec<SeedPacket>) { todo!() }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Acest modul implementează grădina, inclusiv o germinație foarte "
|
|
#~ "performantă\n"
|
|
#~ "//! performantă.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Reexportați tipurile din acest modul.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n"
|
|
#~ "pub use garden::Garden;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Semănați pachetele de semințe date.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn sow(seeds: Vec<SeedPacket>) { todo!() } }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Recoltează produsele din grădină care sunt gata.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() } }\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "#[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod some_module;\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "#[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod some_module;\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 2: Exerciții după-amiaza"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Exercițiile din această după-amiază se vor axa pe șiruri de caractere și "
|
|
#~ "iteratori."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the "
|
|
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
|
|
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
|
|
#~ "html) traits."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Modelul de proprietate din Rust afectează multe API-uri. Un exemplu în "
|
|
#~ "acest sens este reprezentat de trăsăturile [`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-"
|
|
#~ "lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) și [`IntoIterator`](https://doc."
|
|
#~ "rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. "
|
|
#~ "The `Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get "
|
|
#~ "`None` back:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Trăsăturile sunt ca interfețele: ele descriu comportamentul (metodele) "
|
|
#~ "unui tip. Trăsătura `Iterator` spune pur și simplu că puteți apela `next` "
|
|
#~ "până când primiți înapoi `None`:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You use this trait like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Folosiți această trăsătură astfel:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Nu mai există elemente: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Care este tipul returnat de iterator? Testați-vă răspunsul aici:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Why is this type used?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "De ce se folosește acest tip?"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "La fel ca înainte, care este tipul returnat de iterator?"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
|
|
#~ "from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
|
|
#~ "from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` "
|
|
#~ "loops. They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the "
|
|
#~ "resulting iterator:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Acum că știm atât `Iterator` cât și `IntoIterator`, putem construi "
|
|
#~ "buclele `for`. Acestea apelează `into_iter()` pe o expresie și iteră "
|
|
#~ "peste iteratorul rezultat:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
|
|
#~ "from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for word in &v {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for word in v {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::"
|
|
#~ "from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for word in &v {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for word in v {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"cuvânt: {word}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for "
|
|
#~ "[`impl IntoIterator for &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
#~ "struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) and [`impl "
|
|
#~ "IntoIterator for Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
|
|
#~ "html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) to check your answers."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Experimentați cu codul de mai sus și apoi consultați documentația pentru "
|
|
#~ "[`impl IntoIterator for &Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/"
|
|
#~ "struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26'a+Vec%3CT,+A%3E) și [`impl "
|
|
#~ "IntoIterator for Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec."
|
|
#~ "html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT,+A%3E) pentru a vă verifica "
|
|
#~ "răspunsurile."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web "
|
|
#~ "server. The server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which "
|
|
#~ "are matched against _request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a "
|
|
#~ "wildcard character which matches a full segment. See the unit tests below."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În acest exercițiu, implementați o componentă de rutare a unui server "
|
|
#~ "web. Serverul este configurat cu un număr de _prefixe de drumuri_ care "
|
|
#~ "sunt comparate cu _căile de căutare_. Prefixele căilor pot conține un "
|
|
#~ "caracter wildcard care se potrivește cu un segment complet. A se vedea "
|
|
#~ "testele unitare de mai jos."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
|
|
#~ "abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
|
|
#~ "books\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/"
|
|
#~ "publishersBooks\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
|
|
#~ "publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
|
|
#~ "publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: eliminați acest lucru atunci când ați terminat cu "
|
|
#~ "implementarea.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
|
|
#~ "abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
|
|
#~ "books\")));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/"
|
|
#~ "publishersBooks\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/părinți/"
|
|
#~ "editori\")));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
|
|
#~ "publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library "
|
|
#~ "traits."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Trăsături: derivarea trăsăturilor, metode implicite și trăsături "
|
|
#~ "importante ale bibliotecii standard."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and "
|
|
#~ "trait objects."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Generice: tipuri de date generice, metode generice, monomorfizare și "
|
|
#~ "obiecte cu trăsături."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Testare: teste unitare, teste de documentare și teste de integrare."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern "
|
|
#~ "functions."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Unsafe Rust: pointeri brute, variabile statice, funcții nesigure și "
|
|
#~ "funcții externe."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: T,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: T,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n"
|
|
#~ " let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: T,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: T,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n"
|
|
#~ " let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{integer:?} și {float:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Încercați să declarați o nouă variabilă `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };"
|
|
#~ "`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Corectarea codului pentru a permite puncte care au elemente de tipuri "
|
|
#~ "diferite."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Puteți declara un tip generic în blocul `impl`:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point<T>(T, T);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
#~ " &self.0 // + 10\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Point(5, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point<T>(T, T);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
#~ " &self.0 // + 10\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Point(5, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Codul generic este transformat în cod ne-generic în funcție de locurile "
|
|
#~ "de apelare:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "behaves as if you wrote"
|
|
#~ msgstr "se comportă ca și cum ați fi scris"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Dog { name: String, age: i8 }\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Cat { lives: i8 } // No name needed, cats won't respond anyway.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Pet {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Pet for Dog {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String { format!(\"Woof, my name is {}!\", self."
|
|
#~ "name) }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String { String::from(\"Miau!\") }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn greet<P: Pet>(pet: &P) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Oh you're a cutie! What's your name? {}\", pet.talk());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let captain_floof = Cat { lives: 9 };\n"
|
|
#~ " let fido = Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\"), age: 5 };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " greet(&captain_floof);\n"
|
|
#~ " greet(&fido);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Dog { name: String, age: i8 }\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Cat { lives: i8 } // Nu este nevoie de nume, pisicile oricum nu "
|
|
#~ "vor răspunde.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Pet {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Pet pentru Dog {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String { format!(\"Woof, numele meu este {}!"
|
|
#~ "\", self.name) } }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String { String::from(\"Miau!\") }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn greet<P: Pet>(pet: &P) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Oh, ești un drăguț! Cum te cheamă? {}\", pet.talk());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let captain_floof = Cat { lives: 9 };\n"
|
|
#~ " let fido = Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\"), age: 5 };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " greet(&captain_floof);\n"
|
|
#~ " greet(&fido);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Dog { name: String, age: i8 }\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Cat { lives: i8 } // No name needed, cats won't respond anyway.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Pet {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Pet for Dog {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String { format!(\"Woof, my name is {}!\", self."
|
|
#~ "name) }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String { String::from(\"Miau!\") }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let pets: Vec<Box<dyn Pet>> = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(Cat { lives: 9 }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\"), age: 5 }),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " for pet in pets {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Hello, who are you? {}\", pet.talk());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Dog { name: String, age: i8 }\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Cat { lives: i8 } // Nu este nevoie de nume, pisicile oricum nu "
|
|
#~ "vor răspunde.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Pet {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Pet pentru Dog {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String { format!(\"Woof, numele meu este {}!"
|
|
#~ "\", self.name) } }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn talk(&self) -> String { String::from(\"Miau!\") }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let pets: Vec<Box<dyn Pet>> = vec!\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(Cat { lives: 9 }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\"), age: 5 }),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " for pet in pets {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Salut, cine ești? {}\", pet.talk());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
|
|
#~ "<Cat>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
|
|
#~ "<&Cat>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Pet>>());\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```încredere,ignora\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of:::<Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
|
|
#~ "<Cat>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::"
|
|
#~ "<&Cat>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Pet>>());\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Rust derive macros work by automatically generating code that implements "
|
|
#~ "the specified traits for a data structure."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Macrogramele de derivare Rust funcționează prin generarea automată a "
|
|
#~ "codului care implementează trăsăturile specificate pentru o structură de "
|
|
#~ "date."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits as follows:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puteți lăsa compilatorul să deducă o serie de trăsături după cum urmează:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Player {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " strength: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " hit_points: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Player::default();\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = p1.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n"
|
|
#~ " if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Player {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " strength: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " hit_points: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Player::default();\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = p1.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Este {:?}\\negal cu {:?}?\\nRăspunsul este {}!\", &p1, "
|
|
#~ "&p2,\n"
|
|
#~ " if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Trăsăturile pot pune în aplicare comportamentul în termeni de metode ale "
|
|
#~ "altor trăsături:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Equals {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " !self.equals(other)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Centimeter(i16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn equals(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.0 == other.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = Centimeter(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let b = Centimeter(20);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "trăsătură Equals {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn not_equals(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " !self.equals(other)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Centimetru(i16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Equals pentru Centimetru {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn equals(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.0 == other.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = Centimetru(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let b = Centimetru(20);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{a:?} este egal cu {b:?}: {}\", a.equals(&b));\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equals(&b));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Move method `not_equals` to a new trait `NotEquals`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Mutarea metodei `not_equals` la o nouă trăsătură `NotEquals`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Make `Equals` a super trait for `NotEquals`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Faceți din `Equals` o super trăsătură pentru `NotEquals`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEquals` for `Equals`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Furnizarea unei implementări generale a funcției `NotEquals` pentru "
|
|
#~ "`Equals`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `Equals` as a super "
|
|
#~ "trait for `NotEqual`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Odată cu implementarea păturii, nu mai aveți nevoie de `Equals` ca o "
|
|
#~ "super trăsătură pentru `NotEqual`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn duplicate<T: Clone>(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n"
|
|
#~ " (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
|
|
#~ "// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ "fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// struct NotClonable;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let pair = duplicate(foo);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{many}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{many_more}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn duplicate<T: Clone>(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n"
|
|
#~ " (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Zahăr sintactic pentru:\n"
|
|
#~ "// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ "fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// struct NotClonable;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let pair = duplicate(foo);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{many}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{many_more}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::Display;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosește std::fmt::Display;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`impl Trait` vă permite să lucrați cu tipuri pe care nu le puteți numi."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to "
|
|
#~ "explain that nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` "
|
|
#~ "type. If we used a single `T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint "
|
|
#~ "that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type. It would not work "
|
|
#~ "for this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely "
|
|
#~ "not what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` "
|
|
#~ "syntax, we'd need two independent generic parameters."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Acest exemplu este grozav, pentru că folosește `impl Display` de două "
|
|
#~ "ori. Ajută la explicarea faptului că nimic aici nu impune că este vorba "
|
|
#~ "de același tip `impl Display`. Dacă am folosi un singur `T: Display`, am "
|
|
#~ "impune constrângerea că tipul `T` de intrare și tipul `T` de retur sunt "
|
|
#~ "de același tip. Acest lucru nu ar funcționa pentru această funcție "
|
|
#~ "particulară, deoarece tipul pe care îl așteptăm ca intrare nu este "
|
|
#~ "probabil cel pe care `format!` îl returnează. Dacă am dori să facem "
|
|
#~ "același lucru prin `: Display`, am avea nevoie de doi parametri generici "
|
|
#~ "independenți."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard "
|
|
#~ "library:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Vom examina acum unele dintre cele mai comune trăsături ale bibliotecii "
|
|
#~ "standard Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and "
|
|
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
|
|
#~ "html) used in `for` loops,"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) și "
|
|
#~ "[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator."
|
|
#~ "html) utilizate în buclele `for`,"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) and "
|
|
#~ "[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) used to "
|
|
#~ "convert values,"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`From`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html) și "
|
|
#~ "[`Into`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html) utilizate "
|
|
#~ "pentru a converti valorile,"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) and [`Write`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) used for IO,"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html) și [`Write`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html) utilizate pentru IO,"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... used for operator "
|
|
#~ "overloading, and"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Add.html), [`Mul`]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Mul.html), ... utilizate pentru "
|
|
#~ "supraîncărcarea operatorilor, și"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) "
|
|
#~ "used to construct a default instance of a type."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Default`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html) "
|
|
#~ "utilizat pentru a construi o instanță implicită a unui tip."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
#~ " curr: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " next: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Item = u32;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n"
|
|
#~ " self.curr = self.next;\n"
|
|
#~ " self.next = new_next;\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(self.curr)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n"
|
|
#~ " for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
#~ " curr: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " next: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Iterator pentru Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Item = u32;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n"
|
|
#~ " self.curr = self.next;\n"
|
|
#~ " self.next = new_next;\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(self.curr)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n"
|
|
#~ " for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n"
|
|
#~ " let prime_squares = primes\n"
|
|
#~ " .into_iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"prime_squares: {prime_squares:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let prime = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n"
|
|
#~ " let prime_squares = prime\n"
|
|
#~ " .into_iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|prime| prime| prime * prime)\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"prime_squares: {prime_squares:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`Iterator` implements `fn collect<B>(self) -> B where B: "
|
|
#~ "FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized`"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`Iterator` implementează `fn collect<B>(self) -> B unde B: "
|
|
#~ "FromIterator<Self::Item>, Self: Sized`"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n"
|
|
#~ " let one = i16::from(true);\n"
|
|
#~ " let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 0, 1]);\n"
|
|
#~ " let one = i16::from(true);\n"
|
|
#~ " let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{s}, {s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n"
|
|
#~ " let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n"
|
|
#~ " let one: i16 = true.into();\n"
|
|
#~ " let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n"
|
|
#~ " let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 0, 1].into();\n"
|
|
#~ " let one: i16 = true.into();\n"
|
|
#~ " let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{s}, {s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn count_lines<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
|
|
#~ " buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn count_lines<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
|
|
#~ " buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let slice: &[u8] = b \"foo\\nbarn\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{Result, Write};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn log<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n"
|
|
#~ " writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{Result, Write};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn log<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n"
|
|
#~ " writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Rezultat<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Droppable {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: &'static str,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for Droppable {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n"
|
|
#~ " let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " drop(a);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Exiting main\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Droppable {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: &'static str,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Drop pentru Droppable {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n"
|
|
#~ " let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Ieșire din blocul B\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Ieșire din blocul A\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " drop(a);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Ieșire din main\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Derived {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " z: Implemented,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Implemented(String);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Default for Implemented {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn default() -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let default_struct = Derived::default();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n"
|
|
#~ " y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n"
|
|
#~ " ..Derived::default()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let nothing: Option<Derived> = None;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Derived {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " z: implementat,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Implemented(String);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Default pentru Implemented {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn default() -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let default_struct = Derived::default();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n"
|
|
#~ " y: \"Y este setat!\".into(),\n"
|
|
#~ " ..Derived::default()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let nothing: Option<Derived> = None;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Add`, `Mul`, ..."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Add`, `Mul`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " func(input)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 20));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut accumulate = |x: i32| {\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(x);\n"
|
|
#~ " v.iter().sum::<i32>()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 4));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, 5));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let multiply_sum = |x| x * v.into_iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"multiply_sum: {}\", apply_with_log(multiply_sum, 3));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 "
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Apelarea funcției pe {input}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " func(input)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 20));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut accumulate = |x: i32| {\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(x);\n"
|
|
#~ " v.iter().sum::<i32>()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, "
|
|
#~ "4));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"accumulate: {}\", apply_with_log(&mut accumulate, "
|
|
#~ "5));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let multiply_sum = |x| x * v.into_iter().sum:::<i32>();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"multiply_sum: {}\", apply_with_log(multiply_sum, 3));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn make_greeter(prefix: String) -> impl Fn(&str) {\n"
|
|
#~ " return move |name| println!(\"{} {}\", prefix, name)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let hi = make_greeter(\"Hi\".to_string());\n"
|
|
#~ " hi(\"there\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn make_greeter(prefix: String) -> impl Fn(&str) {\n"
|
|
#~ " return move |name| println!(\"{} {}\", prefix, name)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let hi = make_greeter(\"Hi\".to_string());\n"
|
|
#~ " hi(\"acolo\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3: Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 3: Exerciții de dimineață"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will design a classical GUI library using traits and trait objects."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Vom proiecta o bibliotecă GUI clasică folosind trăsături și obiecte de "
|
|
#~ "trăsături."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will also look at enum dispatch with an exercise involving points and "
|
|
#~ "polygons."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "De asemenea, vom examina dispecerizarea enum cu un exercițiu care implică "
|
|
#~ "puncte și poligoane."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Drawing A Simple GUI"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Desenarea unei interfețe grafice simple"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits "
|
|
#~ "and trait objects. We'll only implement the drawing of it (as text) for "
|
|
#~ "simplicity."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Să proiectăm o bibliotecă GUI clasică folosind noile noastre cunoștințe "
|
|
#~ "despre trăsături și obiecte de trăsături. Pentru simplificare, vom "
|
|
#~ "implementa doar desenul (sub formă de text)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Vom avea un număr de widget-uri în biblioteca noastră:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Window`: are un `titlu` și conține alte widget-uri."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`Button`: has a `label`. In reality, it would also take a callback "
|
|
#~ "function to allow the program to do something when the button is clicked "
|
|
#~ "but we won't include that since we're only drawing the GUI."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "`Button`: are o `label`. În realitate, ar trebui să aibă și o funcție de "
|
|
#~ "apelare pentru a permite programului să facă ceva atunci când butonul "
|
|
#~ "este apăsat, dar nu o vom include, deoarece desenăm doar interfața "
|
|
#~ "grafică."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "`Label`: has a `label`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "`Label`: are un `label`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Widget-urile vor implementa o trăsătură `Widget`, a se vedea mai jos."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, fill in the missing "
|
|
#~ "`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Copiați codul de mai jos în <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, completați "
|
|
#~ "metodele `draw_into` care lipsesc, astfel încât să implementați trăsătura "
|
|
#~ "`Widget`:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
|
|
#~ "\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Click me!\"\n"
|
|
#~ " )));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.draw();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: eliminați acest lucru atunci când ați terminat cu "
|
|
#~ "implementarea.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Lățimea naturală a lui `self`.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Desenează widget-ul într-un buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Desenează widget-ul pe ieșirea standard.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " Etichetă {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget pentru etichetă {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget pentru Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget pentru Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"Aceasta este o mică "
|
|
#~ "demonstrație GUI de text.\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(:new(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Faceți clic pe mine!\"\n"
|
|
#~ " )));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.draw();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Rezultatul programului de mai sus poate fi ceva simplu, cum ar fi:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the [fill/alignment]"
|
|
#~ "(https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment) formatting "
|
|
#~ "operators. In particular, notice how you can pad with different "
|
|
#~ "characters (here a `'/'`) and how you can control alignment:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Dacă doriți să desenați text aliniat, puteți utiliza operatorii de "
|
|
#~ "formatare [fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index."
|
|
#~ "html#fillalignment). În special, observați cum puteți umple cu diferite "
|
|
#~ "caractere (aici un `'/'`) și cum puteți controla alinierea:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let width = 10;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"left aligned: |{:/<width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"centered: |{:/^width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"right aligned: |{:/>width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let width = 10;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"aliniat la stânga: |{:/<width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"centrat: |{:/^width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"aliniat la dreapta: |{:/>width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Folosind astfel de trucuri de aliniere, puteți, de exemplu, să produceți "
|
|
#~ "rezultate de genul acesta:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Polygon Struct"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Structură poligonală"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the "
|
|
#~ "code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing "
|
|
#~ "methods to make the tests pass:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Vom crea o structură `Polygon` care conține câteva puncte. Copiați codul "
|
|
#~ "de mai jos în <https://play.rust-lang.org/> și completați metodele care "
|
|
#~ "lipsesc pentru a face testele să treacă:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add fields\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add methods\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add fields\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add methods\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add fields\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add methods\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_point_dist() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_point_add() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, "
|
|
#~ "16)]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
#~ " let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
#~ " .iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: eliminați acest lucru atunci când ați terminat cu "
|
|
#~ "implementarea.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Struct Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adaugă câmpuri\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adaugă metode\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adaugă câmpuri\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adaugă metode\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adaugă câmpuri\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adaugă metode\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_punct_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude())), 17.69);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_punct_dist() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2))), 5.00);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_punct_add() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_poligon_poligon_punctul_cel_mai_stânga() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, "
|
|
#~ "16)]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
#~ " let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
#~ " .iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(Shape::perimetru)\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the "
|
|
#~ "key part of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to "
|
|
#~ "modify the tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Deoarece semnăturile metodelor lipsesc din enunțurile problemei, partea "
|
|
#~ "esențială a exercițiului este de a le specifica corect. Nu trebuie să "
|
|
#~ "modificați testele."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Alte părți interesante ale exercițiului:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes "
|
|
#~ "don't borrow their arguments."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Derivați o trăsătură `Copy` pentru unele structuri, deoarece în teste "
|
|
#~ "metodele uneori nu-și împrumută argumentele."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be "
|
|
#~ "addable via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Descoperiți că trăsătura `Add` trebuie să fie implementată pentru ca două "
|
|
#~ "obiecte să poată fi adăugate prin \"+\". Rețineți că nu vom discuta "
|
|
#~ "despre generice până în ziua 3."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Gestionarea erorilor în Rust se face folosind un flux de control explicit:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Funcțiile care pot avea erori indică acest lucru în tipul lor de "
|
|
#~ "returnare,"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "There are no exceptions."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Nu există excepții."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Catching the Stack Unwinding"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Prinderea derulării stivei"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::panic;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " \"No problem here!\"\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{result:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " panic!(\"oh no!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{result:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::panic;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {| {\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Nicio problemă aici!\"\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{result:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {| {\n"
|
|
#~ " panic!(\"oh nu!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{result:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when "
|
|
#~ "errors are expected as part of normal operation:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Am văzut deja enum-ul `Result`. Acesta este utilizat în mod omniprezent "
|
|
#~ "atunci când se așteaptă erori ca parte a funcționării normale:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let file = fs::File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n"
|
|
#~ " match file {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(mut file) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut contents = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::fs;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let file = fs::File::open(\"jurnal.txt\");\n"
|
|
#~ " match file {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(mut file) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut contents = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Dragă jurnal: {contents}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"Jurnalul nu a putut fi deschis: {err}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Propagating Errors with `?`"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Propagarea erorilor cu `?`"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you "
|
|
#~ "turn the common"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Operatorul \"try\" `?` este utilizat pentru a returna erorile către "
|
|
#~ "apelant. Acesta vă permite să transformați opțiunea comună"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(file) => file,\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => Err(err),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosește std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let nume_utilizator_fișier_rezultat = fs::File::open(path);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(file) => file,\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " match nume_utilizator_fișier.read_to_string(&mut nume_utilizator) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(_) => Ok(nume utilizator),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => Err(err),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"username sau eroare: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The return type of the function has to be compatible with the nested "
|
|
#~ "functions it calls. For instance, a function returning a `Result<T, Err>` "
|
|
#~ "can only apply the `?` operator on a function returning a `Result<AnyT, "
|
|
#~ "Err>`. It cannot apply the `?` operator on a function returning an "
|
|
#~ "`Option<AnyT>` or `Result<T, OtherErr>` unless `OtherErr` implements "
|
|
#~ "`From<Err>`. Reciprocally, a function returning an `Option<T>` can only "
|
|
#~ "apply the `?` operator on a function returning an `Option<AnyT>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Tipul de retur al funcției trebuie să fie compatibil cu funcțiile "
|
|
#~ "imbricate pe care le apelează. De exemplu, o funcție care returnează un "
|
|
#~ "`Result<T, Err>` poate aplica operatorul `?` numai unei funcții care "
|
|
#~ "returnează un `Result<AnyT, Err>`. Nu poate aplica operatorul `?` unei "
|
|
#~ "funcții care returnează o `Opțiune<AnyT>` sau un `Rezultat<T, OtherErr>`, "
|
|
#~ "cu excepția cazului în care `OtherErr` implementează `From<Err>`. În mod "
|
|
#~ "reciproc, o funcție care returnează o `Option<T>` poate aplica operatorul "
|
|
#~ "`?` doar unei funcții care returnează o `Option<AnyT>`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can convert incompatible types into one another with the different "
|
|
#~ "`Option` and `Result` methods such as `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, "
|
|
#~ "`Result::err`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puteți converti tipuri incompatibile între ele cu ajutorul diferitelor "
|
|
#~ "metode `Option` și `Result`, cum ar fi `Option::ok_or`, `Result::ok`, "
|
|
#~ "`Result::err`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no "
|
|
#~ "username in {filename}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
#~ " File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::"
|
|
#~ "from(path)));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Error pentru ReadUsernameError {}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Display pentru ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Nu am găsit "
|
|
#~ "niciun nume de utilizator în {filename}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl De la<io::Error> pentru ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> "
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
#~ " File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::"
|
|
#~ "from(path))));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(nume utilizator)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"username sau eroare: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It is good practice for all error types that don't need to be `no_std` to "
|
|
#~ "implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` and `Display`. The "
|
|
#~ "`Error` crate for `core` is only available in [nightly](https://github."
|
|
#~ "com/rust-lang/rust/issues/103765), so not fully `no_std` compatible yet."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Este o bună practică pentru toate tipurile de erori care nu trebuie să "
|
|
#~ "fie `no_std` să implementeze `std::error::Error`, care necesită `Debug` "
|
|
#~ "și `Display`. Crăiasa `Error` pentru `core` este disponibilă doar în "
|
|
#~ "[nightly](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/103765), deci nu este "
|
|
#~ "încă pe deplin compatibilă cu `no_std`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where "
|
|
#~ "possible, to make life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In "
|
|
#~ "this case we can't easily do so, because `io::Error` doesn't implement "
|
|
#~ "them."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În general, este util ca acestea să implementeze și `Clone` și `Eq`, "
|
|
#~ "acolo unde este posibil, pentru a face viața mai ușoară pentru testele și "
|
|
#~ "consumatorii bibliotecii dumneavoastră. În acest caz, nu putem face acest "
|
|
#~ "lucru cu ușurință, deoarece `io::Error` nu le implementează."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::"
|
|
#~ "from(path)));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Nu s-a putut citi: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(#[din] io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Nu s-a găsit niciun nume de utilizator în {0}\")]]\n"
|
|
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::"
|
|
#~ "from(path))));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(nume utilizator)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(nume utilizator) => println!(\"Nume utilizator: "
|
|
#~ "{username}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Eroare: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, "
|
|
#~ "and optionally `Display` (if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) "
|
|
#~ "and `From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added). It also works for "
|
|
#~ "structs."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "macroul derive al lui `thiserror` implementează automat `std::error::"
|
|
#~ "Error` și, opțional, `Display` (dacă sunt furnizate atributele "
|
|
#~ "`#[error(...)]`) și `From` (dacă este adăugat atributul `#[from]`). "
|
|
#~ "Funcționează, de asemenea, pentru structuri."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Nu vă afectează API-ul public, ceea ce îl face bun pentru biblioteci."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::fs;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]]\n"
|
|
#~ "#[error(\"Nu am găsit niciun nume de utilizator în {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn "
|
|
#~ "Error>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into()));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(nume utilizator)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(nume utilizator) => println!(\"Nume utilizator: "
|
|
#~ "{username}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Eroare: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add "
|
|
#~ "contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer custom "
|
|
#~ "error types:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Crăiasa [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/), utilizată pe scară largă, vă "
|
|
#~ "poate ajuta să adăugați informații contextuale la erori și vă permite să "
|
|
#~ "aveți mai puține tipuri de erori personalizate:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
#~ " fs::File::open(path)\n"
|
|
#~ " .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n"
|
|
#~ " .read_to_string(&mut username)\n"
|
|
#~ " .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
#~ " fs::File::open(path)\n"
|
|
#~ " .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\")))??\n"
|
|
#~ " .read_to_string(&mut username)\n"
|
|
#~ " .context(\"Nu s-a reușit citirea\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " bail!(\"Nu s-a găsit niciun nume de utilizator în {path}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(nume utilizator) => println!(\"Nume utilizator: "
|
|
#~ "{username}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Eroare: {err:?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Marcați testele unitare cu `#[test]`:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " match text.find(' ') {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
|
|
#~ " None => &text,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_single_word() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_multiple_words() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " match text.find(' ' ') {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
|
|
#~ " None => &text,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_single_word() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_multiple_words() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Utilizați `cargo test` pentru a găsi și a rula testele unitare."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the [Playground]"
|
|
#~ "(https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Testele unitare sunt adesea plasate într-un modul imbricate (executați "
|
|
#~ "testele pe [Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_helper() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_helper() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Useful crates for writing tests"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Crates utile pentru scrierea de teste"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " add_to_counter(42);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data "
|
|
#~ "race!\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potențială cursă de date!\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " add_to_counter(42);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potențială cursă de "
|
|
#~ "date!\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ "union MyUnion {\n"
|
|
#~ " i: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " b: bool,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ "union MyUnion {\n"
|
|
#~ " i: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " b: bool,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Comportament nedefinit!\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the "
|
|
#~ "bounds of\n"
|
|
#~ " // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
|
|
#~ "get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory "
|
|
#~ "safety!\n"
|
|
#~ " // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
|
|
#~ " // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
|
|
#~ "get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " s.chars().count()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece indicii sunt în ordinea corectă, în limitele lui\n"
|
|
#~ " // feliei de șir și se află pe limitele secvenței UTF-8.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
|
|
#~ "get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Nerespectarea cerinței de codificare UTF-8 încalcă siguranța "
|
|
#~ "memoriei!\n"
|
|
#~ " // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
|
|
#~ " // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis."
|
|
#~ "get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " s.chars().count()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
|
|
#~ "///\n"
|
|
#~ "/// # Safety\n"
|
|
#~ "///\n"
|
|
#~ "/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let temp = *a;\n"
|
|
#~ " *a = *b;\n"
|
|
#~ " *b = temp;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut a = 42;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut b = 66;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because ...\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Schimbă valorile indicate de indicatoarele date.\n"
|
|
#~ "///\n"
|
|
#~ "/// # Siguranță\n"
|
|
#~ "///\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Punctele trebuie să fie valide și aliniate corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let temp = *a;\n"
|
|
#~ " *a = *b;\n"
|
|
#~ " *b = temp;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut a = 42;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut b = 66;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece ...\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Calling External Code"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Apelarea codului extern"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. "
|
|
#~ "Calling them is thus unsafe:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Funcțiile din alte limbaje ar putea încălca garanțiile Rust. Prin urmare, "
|
|
#~ "apelarea acestora nu este sigură:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Comportament nedefinit dacă abs se comportă greșit.\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Valoarea absolută a lui -3 conform C: {}\", abs(-3));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::slice;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// ...\n"
|
|
#~ "/// # Safety\n"
|
|
#~ "/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, "
|
|
#~ "size_of_val(self))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::slice;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// ...\n"
|
|
#~ "/// # Siguranță\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Tipul trebuie să aibă o reprezentare definită și să nu aibă "
|
|
#~ "umplutură.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, "
|
|
#~ "size_of_val(self))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Sigur, deoarece u32 are o reprezentare definită și nu are umplutură.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl AsBytes pentru u32 {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 3: Exerciții după-amiaza"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Haideți să construim un înveliș sigur pentru citirea conținutului "
|
|
#~ "directoarelor!"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "For this exercise, we suggest using a local dev environment instead of "
|
|
#~ "the Playground. This will allow you to run your binary on your own "
|
|
#~ "machine."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Pentru acest exercițiu, vă sugerăm să folosiți un mediu de dezvoltare "
|
|
#~ "local în loc de Playground. Acest lucru vă va permite să rulați binarul "
|
|
#~ "pe propria mașină."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "To get started, follow the [running locally](../../cargo/running-locally."
|
|
#~ "md) instructions."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Pentru a începe, urmați instrucțiunile [running locally](../../cargo/"
|
|
#~ "running-locally.md)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution](solutions-"
|
|
#~ "afternoon.md) provided."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "După ce ați studiat exercițiul, vă puteți uita la [soluție](solutions-"
|
|
#~ "afternoon.md) oferită."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod ffi {\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
#~ " _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
#~ " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
|
|
#~ "PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t "
|
|
#~ "and\n"
|
|
#~ " // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
|
|
#~ " // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_off: c_long,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_type: c_uchar,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_fileno: u64,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_type: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = "
|
|
#~ "\"x86_64\")))]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the "
|
|
#~ "section on\n"
|
|
#~ " // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for "
|
|
#~ "stat(2).\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
|
|
#~ "refers\n"
|
|
#~ " // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and "
|
|
#~ "PowerPC.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " path: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
#~ " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: eliminați acest lucru atunci când ați terminat cu "
|
|
#~ "implementarea.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod ffi {\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]]\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Tip opac. A se vedea https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct struct DIR {\n"
|
|
#~ " _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
#~ " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
|
|
#~ "PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Dispunere în conformitate cu pagina de manual Linux pentru "
|
|
#~ "readdir(3), unde ino_t și\n"
|
|
#~ " // off_t sunt rezolvate în conformitate cu definițiile din\n"
|
|
#~ " // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct struct dirent {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_off: c_long,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_type: c_uchar,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Dispunere în conformitate cu pagina de manual macOS pentru "
|
|
#~ "dir(5).\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct struct dirent {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_fileno: u64,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_type: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = "
|
|
#~ "\"x86_64\")))])]]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // A se vedea https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 și "
|
|
#~ "secțiunea privind\n"
|
|
#~ " // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE în pagina de manual macOS pentru "
|
|
#~ "stat(2).\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " // \"Platformele care existau înainte ca aceste actualizări să "
|
|
#~ "fie disponibile\" se referă la\n"
|
|
#~ " // la macOS (spre deosebire de iOS / wearOS / etc.) pe Intel și "
|
|
#~ "PowerPC.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " path: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Apelați opendir și returnați o valoare Ok dacă a funcționat,\n"
|
|
#~ " // în caz contrar, returnează Err cu un mesaj.\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Continuați să apelați readdir până când primim înapoi un "
|
|
#~ "pointer NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Cheamă closedir după cum este necesar.\n"
|
|
#~ " neimplementat!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Rezultat<(), String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Demo Rust.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Tipărește un salut pe ieșirea standard.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libtextwrap\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ " prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_library {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libtextwrap\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ " prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_library {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use greetings::greeting;\n"
|
|
#~ "use textwrap::fill;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```încredere,ignora\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Demo Rust.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți greetings::greeting;\n"
|
|
#~ "use textwrap::fill;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Tipărește un mesaj de salut pe ieșirea standard.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Greeting library.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Greet `name`.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Biblioteca de salut.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Salutați `name`.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Bună ziua {name}, mă bucur să vă cunosc!\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "aidl_interface {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " unstable: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " backend: {\n"
|
|
#~ " rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n"
|
|
#~ " enabled: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "aidl_interface {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " unstable: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " backend: {\n"
|
|
#~ " rust: { // Rust nu este activat în mod implicit\n"
|
|
#~ " enabled: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
#~ "IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::"
|
|
#~ "Result<String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(format!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} "
|
|
#~ "years!\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Implementarea interfeței AIDL `IBirthdayService`.\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
#~ "IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Implementarea `IBirthdayService`.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct struct BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl binder::Interfață pentru BirthdayService {}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl IBirthdayService pentru BirthdayService {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> "
|
|
#~ "binder::Result<String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(format!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"La mulți ani {name}, felicitări pentru {years} ani!\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_library {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_library {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
#~ "use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
#~ "IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ " let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n"
|
|
#~ " birthday_service,\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder."
|
|
#~ "as_binder())\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Serviciul de aniversare.\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
#~ "IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Punct de intrare pentru serviciul de aniversare.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ " let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n"
|
|
#~ " birthday_service,\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder."
|
|
#~ "as_binder())\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ " prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ " prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
#~ "IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::"
|
|
#~ "StatusCode> {\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Call the birthday service.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let name = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
#~ " .nth(1)\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " let years = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
#~ " .nth(2)\n"
|
|
#~ " .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok())\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(42);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
|
|
#~ " let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to "
|
|
#~ "BirthdayService\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```încredere,ignora\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Serviciul de aniversare.\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::"
|
|
#~ "IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Conectează-te la BirthdayService.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, "
|
|
#~ "binder::StatusCode> {\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Cheamă serviciul de aniversare.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Rezultat<(), binder::Status> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let name = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
#~ " .nth(1)\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " let years = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
#~ " .nth(2)\n"
|
|
#~ " .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok()))\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(42);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
|
|
#~ " let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to "
|
|
#~ "BirthdayService\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ " prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ " prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"liblog_rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"liblogger\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ " prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " host_supported: true,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"liblog_rust\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"liblogger\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ],\n"
|
|
#~ " prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " host_supported: true,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust logging demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{debug, error, info};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Logs a greeting.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " logger::init(\n"
|
|
#~ " logger::Config::default()\n"
|
|
#~ " .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n"
|
|
#~ " .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```încredere,ignora\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Demonstrație de logare Rust.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți log::{debug, error, info};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Înregistrează un mesaj de salut.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " logger::init(\n"
|
|
#~ " logger::Config::default()\n"
|
|
#~ " .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n"
|
|
#~ " .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"Lucrurile merg bine.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"Ceva a mers prost!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let x = -42;\n"
|
|
#~ " let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let x = -42;\n"
|
|
#~ " let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#include <stdio.h>\n"
|
|
#~ "#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "void print_card(const card* card) {\n"
|
|
#~ " printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
#~ " printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n"
|
|
#~ " printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n"
|
|
#~ " printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#include <stdio.h>\n"
|
|
#~ "#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "void print_card(const card* card) {\n"
|
|
#~ " printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
#~ " printf(\"| La mulți ani %s!\\n\", card->name);\n"
|
|
#~ " printf(\"| Felicitări pentru %i ani!\\n\", card->years);\n"
|
|
#~ " printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "cc_library {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libbirthday\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "cc_library {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libbirthday\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_bindgen {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
#~ " wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n"
|
|
#~ " source_stem: \"bindings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_bindgen {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
#~ " wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n"
|
|
#~ " source_stem: \"bindings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Bindgen demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let card = card {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: name.as_ptr(),\n"
|
|
#~ " years: 42,\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " print_card(&card as *const card);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Bindgen demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let card = card {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: name.as_ptr(),\n"
|
|
#~ " ani: 42,\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " print_card(&card as *const card);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_test {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
#~ " test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " auto_gen_config: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n"
|
|
#~ " lints: \"none\",\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_test {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
#~ " test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " auto_gen_config: true,\n"
|
|
#~ " clippy_lints: \"none\", // Fișier generat, săriți peste linting\n"
|
|
#~ " lints: \"none\",\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::os::raw::c_int;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n"
|
|
#~ " if x < y {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Demonstrație Rust FFI.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::os::raw::c_int;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Analizați numerele.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n"
|
|
#~ " if x < y {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"x ({x}) este cel mai mic!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"y ({y}) este probabil mai mare decât x ({x})\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
#~ "#define ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ "void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#endif\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
#~ "#define ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ "void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#endif\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_ffi {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " include_dirs: [\".\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_ffi {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " include_dirs: [\".\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#include \"analyze.h\"\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "int main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n"
|
|
#~ " analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n"
|
|
#~ " return 0;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#include \"analyze.h\"\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "int main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n"
|
|
#~ " analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n"
|
|
#~ " return 0;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "cc_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "cc_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"cxx_test\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\"libcxx\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " static_libs: [\"libcxx_test_cpp\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
|
|
#~ "use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
|
|
#~ "use jni::JNIEnv;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n"
|
|
#~ " env: JNIEnv,\n"
|
|
#~ " _class: JClass,\n"
|
|
#~ " name: JString,\n"
|
|
#~ ") -> jstring {\n"
|
|
#~ " let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n"
|
|
#~ " let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " output.into_inner()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
|
|
#~ "use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
|
|
#~ "use jni::JNIEnv;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Implementarea metodei HelloWorld::hello.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n"
|
|
#~ " env: JNIEnv,\n"
|
|
#~ " _class: JClass,\n"
|
|
#~ " name: JString,\n"
|
|
#~ ") -> jstring {\n"
|
|
#~ " let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n"
|
|
#~ " let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " output.into_inner()\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_ffi_shared {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libhello_jni\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "rust_ffi_shared {\n"
|
|
#~ " nume: \"libhello_jni\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "class HelloWorld {\n"
|
|
#~ " private static native String hello(String name);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " static {\n"
|
|
#~ " System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
|
|
#~ " String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
#~ " System.out.println(output);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "clasa HelloWorld {\n"
|
|
#~ " private static nativ privat String hello(String name);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " static {\n"
|
|
#~ " System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
|
|
#~ " String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
#~ " System.out.println(output);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "java_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n"
|
|
#~ " required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```javascript\n"
|
|
#~ "java_binary {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n"
|
|
#~ " main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n"
|
|
#~ " required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate alloc;\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use alloc::string::ToString;\n"
|
|
#~ "use alloc::vec::Vec;\n"
|
|
#~ "use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[global_allocator]\n"
|
|
#~ "static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn entry() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called "
|
|
#~ "once.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
|
|
#~ " HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
|
|
#~ " .lock()\n"
|
|
#~ " .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate alloc;\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți alloc::string::ToString;\n"
|
|
#~ "use alloc::vec::Vec;\n"
|
|
#~ "use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[global_allocator]\n"
|
|
#~ "static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap:::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn entry() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece `HEAP` este folosit doar aici și `entry` este "
|
|
#~ "apelat o singură dată.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Dați alocatorului o anumită memorie de alocat.\n"
|
|
#~ " HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
|
|
#~ " .lock()\n"
|
|
#~ " .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Acum putem face lucruri care necesită alocarea heap.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(\"Un șir de caractere\".to_string());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod interrupts;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::mem::size_of;\n"
|
|
#~ "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
|
|
#~ "const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
|
|
#~ "const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n"
|
|
#~ "const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n"
|
|
#~ "const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// PIN_CNF fields\n"
|
|
#~ "const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n"
|
|
#~ "const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n"
|
|
#~ "const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n"
|
|
#~ "const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[entry]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
#~ " let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
|
|
#~ "u32;\n"
|
|
#~ " let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut "
|
|
#~ "u32;\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control "
|
|
#~ "registers, and\n"
|
|
#~ " // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
#~ " DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
|
|
#~ "SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
#~ " DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
|
|
#~ "SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
#~ " let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
#~ " let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control "
|
|
#~ "registers, and\n"
|
|
#~ " // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod întreruperi;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::mem::size_of;\n"
|
|
#~ "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Adresa periferică a portului GPIO 0\n"
|
|
#~ "const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Decalajele perifericelor GPIO\n"
|
|
#~ "const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n"
|
|
#~ "const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n"
|
|
#~ "const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// câmpuri PIN_CNF\n"
|
|
#~ "const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n"
|
|
#~ "const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n"
|
|
#~ "const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n"
|
|
#~ "const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[entry]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() ->! {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configurați pinii GPIO 0 21 și 28 ca ieșiri push-pull.\n"
|
|
#~ " let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of:::<u32>())) as "
|
|
#~ "*mut u32;\n"
|
|
#~ " let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of:::<u32>())) as "
|
|
#~ "*mut u32;\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece indicatorii sunt către registre de control "
|
|
#~ "periferice valide și\n"
|
|
#~ " // nu există alias-uri.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
#~ " DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
|
|
#~ "SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
#~ " DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | "
|
|
#~ "SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Setați pinul 28 la nivel scăzut și pinul 21 la nivel ridicat "
|
|
#~ "pentru a aprinde LED-ul.\n"
|
|
#~ " let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
#~ " let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece indicatorii sunt la registre de control periferice "
|
|
#~ "valide și\n"
|
|
#~ " // nu există alias-uri.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
#~ "use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[entry]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let gpio0 = p.P0;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
#~ " w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.pull().disabled();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
#~ " w\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
#~ " w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.pull().disabled();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
#~ " w\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
#~ "use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[intrare]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let gpio0 = p.P0;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configurați pinii GPIO 0 21 și 28 ca ieșiri push-pull.\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
#~ " w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.pull().dezactivat();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
#~ " w\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
#~ " w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.intrare().deconectare();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.pull().dezactivat();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
#~ " w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
#~ " w\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Setați pinul 28 la nivel scăzut și pinul 21 la nivel ridicat "
|
|
#~ "pentru a aprinde LED-ul.\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n"
|
|
#~ " gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " bucla {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
#~ "use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n"
|
|
#~ "use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
#~ "use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[entry]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
|
|
#~ " let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
#~ " col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
#~ "use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n"
|
|
#~ "use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
#~ "use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[intrare]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Creează un HAL wrapper pentru portul GPIO 0.\n"
|
|
#~ " let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configurați pinii GPIO 0 21 și 28 ca ieșiri push-pull.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Setați pinul 28 la nivel scăzut și pinul 21 la nivel ridicat "
|
|
#~ "pentru a aprinde LED-ul.\n"
|
|
#~ " col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " bucla {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#[entry]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let pin: P0_01<Disconnected> = gpio0.p0_01;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
#~ " let pin_input: P0_01<Input<Floating>> = pin.into_floating_input();\n"
|
|
#~ " if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut pin_output: P0_01<Output<OpenDrain>> = pin_input\n"
|
|
#~ " .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
|
|
#~ "Level::Low);\n"
|
|
#~ " pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let _pin2: P0_02<Output<OpenDrain>> = gpio0\n"
|
|
#~ " .p0_02\n"
|
|
#~ " .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
|
|
#~ "Level::Low);\n"
|
|
#~ " let _pin3: P0_03<Output<PushPull>> = gpio0.p0_03."
|
|
#~ "into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#[intrare]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let pin: P0_01<Disconnected> = gpio0.p0_01;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // let gpio0_01_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
#~ " let pin_input: P0_01<Input<Floating>> = pin."
|
|
#~ "into_floating_input();\n"
|
|
#~ " if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut pin_output: P0_01<Output<OpenDrain>> = pin_input\n"
|
|
#~ " .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
|
|
#~ "Level::Low);\n"
|
|
#~ " pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " // pin_input.is_high(); // Eroare, mutat.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let _pin2: P0_02<Output<OpenDrain>> = gpio0\n"
|
|
#~ " .p0_02\n"
|
|
#~ " .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, "
|
|
#~ "Level::Low);\n"
|
|
#~ " let _pin3: P0_03<Output<PushPull>> = gpio0.p0_03."
|
|
#~ "into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " bucla {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
#~ "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[entry]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " board.UARTE0,\n"
|
|
#~ " board.uart.into(),\n"
|
|
#~ " Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
|
|
#~ " Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
#~ "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[intrare]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configurați portul serial.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " board.UARTE0,\n"
|
|
#~ " board.uart.into(),\n"
|
|
#~ " Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
|
|
#~ " Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configurați controlerul I2C și unitatea de măsurare inerțială.\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " buclă {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Citiți datele busolei și înregistrați-le pe portul serial.\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::arch::asm;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
|
|
#~ " // anything with memory.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " options(nomem, nostack)\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::arch::asm;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur pentru că acest lucru folosește doar registrele declarate și "
|
|
#~ "nu face\n"
|
|
#~ " // nimic cu memoria.\n"
|
|
#~ " nesigur {\n"
|
|
#~ " asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
#~ " opțiuni(nomem, nostack)\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n"
|
|
#~ "const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
#~ "const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " base_address: *mut u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device "
|
|
#~ "at the\n"
|
|
#~ " /// given base address.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// # Safety\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers "
|
|
#~ "of a\n"
|
|
#~ " /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
#~ "process\n"
|
|
#~ " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self { base_address }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that the base address points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that the base address points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)."
|
|
#~ "read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n"
|
|
#~ "const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
#~ "const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Driver minim pentru o UART PL011.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " base_address: *mut u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Construiește o nouă instanță a driverului UART pentru un "
|
|
#~ "dispozitiv PL011 la nivelul\n"
|
|
#~ " /// adresa de bază dată.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// # Siguranță\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Adresa de bază dată trebuie să indice cele 8 registre de control "
|
|
#~ "MMIO ale unui dispozitiv de tip\n"
|
|
#~ " /// PL011, care trebuie să fie mapate în spațiul de adrese al "
|
|
#~ "procesului\n"
|
|
#~ " /// ca memorie a dispozitivului și să nu aibă alte pseudonime.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self { base_address }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Scrie un singur octet pe UART.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Așteaptă până când există loc în memoria tampon TX.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că adresa de bază indică adresa de "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL011 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " nesigur {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Scrieți în memoria tampon TX.\n"
|
|
#~ " self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Așteptați până când UART nu mai este ocupată.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n"
|
|
#~ " // În siguranță, deoarece știm că adresa de bază indică adresa de "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL011 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET)."
|
|
#~ "read_volatile() } }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Write for Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.write_byte(*c);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can "
|
|
#~ "be\n"
|
|
#~ "// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Write pentru Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.write_byte(*c);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Sigur, deoarece conține doar un pointer către memoria dispozitivului, "
|
|
#~ "care poate fi\n"
|
|
#~ "// accesată din orice context.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl Send pentru Uart {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "bitflags! {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
#~ " struct Flags: u16 {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
#~ " const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
#~ " const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
#~ " const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
#~ " const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
#~ " const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
#~ " const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți bitflags::bitflags;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "bitflags! {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Semnalizatoare din registrul de semnalizare UART.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]]\n"
|
|
#~ " struct Flags: u16 {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
#~ " const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Set de date pregătit.\n"
|
|
#~ " const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
#~ " const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// UART ocupată să transmită date.\n"
|
|
#~ " const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Receive FIFO este gol.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Transmit FIFO este plin.\n"
|
|
#~ " const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Receive FIFO este plin.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Transmit FIFO este gol.\n"
|
|
#~ " const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Indicator de inel.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device "
|
|
#~ "at the\n"
|
|
#~ " /// given base address.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// # Safety\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers "
|
|
#~ "of a\n"
|
|
#~ " /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
#~ "process\n"
|
|
#~ " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte."
|
|
#~ "into());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been "
|
|
#~ "received.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
|
|
#~ " if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
|
|
#~ " None\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
|
|
#~ "read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(data as u8)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Driver pentru o UART PL011.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Construiește o nouă instanță a driverului UART pentru un "
|
|
#~ "dispozitiv PL011 la nivelul\n"
|
|
#~ " /// adresa de bază dată.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// # Siguranță\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Adresa de bază dată trebuie să indice cele 8 registre de control "
|
|
#~ "MMIO ale unui dispozitiv de tip\n"
|
|
#~ " /// PL011, care trebuie să fie mapate în spațiul de adrese al "
|
|
#~ "procesului\n"
|
|
#~ " /// ca memorie a dispozitivului și să nu aibă alte pseudonime.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Scrie un singur octet pe UART.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Așteaptă până când există spațiu în bufferul TX.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că self.registers indică controlul\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL011 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " nesigur {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Scrieți în memoria tampon TX.\n"
|
|
#~ " addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte."
|
|
#~ "into());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Așteptați până când UART-ul nu mai este ocupat.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Citește și returnează un octet în așteptare sau `None` dacă nu a "
|
|
#~ "fost primit nimic.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
|
|
#~ " if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
|
|
#~ " None\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
|
|
#~ "read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: Verificați dacă există condiții de eroare în biții "
|
|
#~ "8-11.\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(data as u8)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că self.registers indică controlul\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL011 care este mapat în mod "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() } }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod pl011;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
#~ "device,\n"
|
|
#~ " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\")."
|
|
#~ "unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(byte) = uart.read_byte() {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart.write_byte(byte);\n"
|
|
#~ " match byte {\n"
|
|
#~ " b'\\r' => {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " b'q' => break,\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => {}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "excepții mod;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod pl011;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Adresa de bază a UART PL011 primară.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` este adresa de bază a unui "
|
|
#~ "dispozitiv PL011,\n"
|
|
#~ " // și nimic altceva nu accesează acest interval de adrese.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\")."
|
|
#~ "unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(byte) = uart.read_byte() {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart.write_byte(byte);\n"
|
|
#~ " match byte {\n"
|
|
#~ " b'\\r' => {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " b'q' => break,\n"
|
|
#~ " _ => {}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
#~ "use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
#~ "};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " true\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
#~ " \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " record.level(),\n"
|
|
#~ " record.args()\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
|
|
#~ "SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
#~ "use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
#~ "};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " true\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
#~ " \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " record.level(),\n"
|
|
#~ " record.args()\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Inițializează loggerul UART.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
|
|
#~ "SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod logger;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod pl011;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
#~ "device,\n"
|
|
#~ " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
#~ " let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "excepții mod;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod logger;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod pl011;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Adresa de bază a UART PL011 primară.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` este adresa de bază a unui "
|
|
#~ "dispozitiv PL011,\n"
|
|
#~ " // și nimic altceva nu accesează acest interval de adrese.\n"
|
|
#~ " let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " bucla {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use aarch64_paging::{\n"
|
|
#~ " idmap::IdMap,\n"
|
|
#~ " paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n"
|
|
#~ "};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "const ASID: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
|
|
#~ "let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n"
|
|
#~ "// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
|
|
#~ "idmap.map_range(\n"
|
|
#~ " &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n"
|
|
#~ " Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n"
|
|
#~ ").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
|
|
#~ "idmap.activate();\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use aarch64_paging::{\n"
|
|
#~ " idmap::IdMap,\n"
|
|
#~ " paginare::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n"
|
|
#~ "};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "const ASID: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Creați o nouă tabelă de pagini cu corespondență de identitate.\n"
|
|
#~ "let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n"
|
|
#~ "// Mapă o regiune de 2 MiB de memorie ca fiind de numai citire.\n"
|
|
#~ "idmap.map_range(\n"
|
|
#~ " &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n"
|
|
#~ " Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n"
|
|
#~ ").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "// Setați `TTBR0_EL1` pentru a activa tabelul de pagini.\n"
|
|
#~ "idmap.activate();\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod logger;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod pl011;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
|
|
#~ "const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
#~ "device,\n"
|
|
#~ " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
#~ " let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the "
|
|
#~ "base\n"
|
|
#~ " // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, "
|
|
#~ "and\n"
|
|
#~ " // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, "
|
|
#~ "GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " gic.setup();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "excepții mod;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod logger;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod pl011;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Adresele de bază ale GICv3.\n"
|
|
#~ "const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 ca _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Adresa de bază a UART primară PL011.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` este adresa de bază a unui "
|
|
#~ "dispozitiv PL011,\n"
|
|
#~ " // și nimic altceva nu accesează acest interval de adrese.\n"
|
|
#~ " let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` și `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` "
|
|
#~ "reprezintă baza\n"
|
|
#~ " // adrese ale unui distribuitor și, respectiv, redistribuitor GICv3, "
|
|
#~ "iar\n"
|
|
#~ " // nimic altceva nu accesează aceste intervale de adrese.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, "
|
|
#~ "GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " gic.setup();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: Creați o instanță a driverului RTC și imprimați ora "
|
|
#~ "curentă.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: Așteptați 3 secunde.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " bucla {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
#~ "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
#~ "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
#~ "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
#~ "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or "
|
|
#~ "implied.\n"
|
|
#~ "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
#~ "// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{error, info, trace};\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " trace!(\"irq_current\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No "
|
|
#~ "pending interrupt\");\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"fiq_current\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"serr_current\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"sync_lower\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"irq_lower\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"serr_lower\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Licențiat sub Licența Apache, versiunea 2.0 (denumită în continuare "
|
|
#~ "\"Licența\");\n"
|
|
#~ "// nu aveți voie să utilizați acest fișier decât în conformitate cu "
|
|
#~ "Licența.\n"
|
|
#~ "// Puteți obține o copie a Licenței la adresa\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Cu excepția cazului în care legea aplicabilă o impune sau se convine "
|
|
#~ "în scris, software-ul\n"
|
|
#~ "// distribuit în temeiul licenței este distribuit pe o BAZĂ \"AS IS\",\n"
|
|
#~ "// FĂRĂ GARANȚII SAU CONDIȚII DE NICI UN FEL, fie ele exprese sau "
|
|
#~ "implicite.\n"
|
|
#~ "// Consultați Licența pentru limbajul specific care reglementează "
|
|
#~ "permisiunile și\n"
|
|
#~ "// limitări în cadrul Licenței.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{error, info, trace};\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " trace!(\"irq_current\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No "
|
|
#~ "pending interrupt\");\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"fiq_current\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"serr_current\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"sync_lower\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"irq_lower\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"serr_lower\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
#~ "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
#~ "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
#~ "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
#~ "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or "
|
|
#~ "implied.\n"
|
|
#~ "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
#~ "// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
#~ "use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
#~ "};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " true\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
#~ " \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " record.level(),\n"
|
|
#~ " record.args()\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
|
|
#~ "SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Licențiat sub Licența Apache, versiunea 2.0 (denumită în continuare "
|
|
#~ "\"Licența\");\n"
|
|
#~ "// nu aveți voie să utilizați acest fișier decât în conformitate cu "
|
|
#~ "Licența.\n"
|
|
#~ "// Puteți obține o copie a Licenței la adresa\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Cu excepția cazului în care legea aplicabilă o impune sau se convine "
|
|
#~ "în scris, software-ul\n"
|
|
#~ "// distribuit în temeiul licenței este distribuit pe o BAZĂ \"AS IS\",\n"
|
|
#~ "// FĂRĂ GARANȚII SAU CONDIȚII DE NICI UN FEL, fie ele exprese sau "
|
|
#~ "implicite.\n"
|
|
#~ "// Consultați Licența pentru limbajul specific care reglementează "
|
|
#~ "permisiunile și\n"
|
|
#~ "// limitări în cadrul Licenței.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHETĂ: principal\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
#~ "use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
#~ "};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " true\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
#~ " \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " record.level(),\n"
|
|
#~ " record.args()\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Inițializează loggerul UART.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), "
|
|
#~ "SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
#~ "// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
#~ "// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
#~ "// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
#~ "// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or "
|
|
#~ "implied.\n"
|
|
#~ "// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
#~ "// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
|
|
#~ "use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "bitflags! {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
#~ " struct Flags: u16 {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
#~ " const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
#~ " const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
#~ " const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
#~ " const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
#~ " const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
#~ " const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "bitflags! {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear "
|
|
#~ "Register.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
#~ " struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Framing error.\n"
|
|
#~ " const FE = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Parity error.\n"
|
|
#~ " const PE = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Break error.\n"
|
|
#~ " const BE = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Overrun error.\n"
|
|
#~ " const OE = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Registers\n"
|
|
#~ "#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Registers {\n"
|
|
#~ " dr: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
|
|
#~ " fr: Flags,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
|
|
#~ " ilpr: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " ibrd: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " fbrd: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " lcr_h: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " cr: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " ifls: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " imsc: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " ris: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " mis: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " icr: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " dmacr: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device "
|
|
#~ "at the\n"
|
|
#~ " /// given base address.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// # Safety\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers "
|
|
#~ "of a\n"
|
|
#~ " /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
#~ "process\n"
|
|
#~ " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte."
|
|
#~ "into());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been "
|
|
#~ "received.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
|
|
#~ " if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
|
|
#~ " None\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
|
|
#~ "read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(data as u8)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Write for Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.write_byte(*c);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can "
|
|
#~ "be\n"
|
|
#~ "// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Licențiat sub Licența Apache, versiunea 2.0 (denumită în continuare "
|
|
#~ "\"Licența\");\n"
|
|
#~ "// nu aveți voie să utilizați acest fișier decât în conformitate cu "
|
|
#~ "Licența.\n"
|
|
#~ "// Puteți obține o copie a Licenței la adresa\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// Cu excepția cazului în care legea aplicabilă o impune sau se convine "
|
|
#~ "în scris, software-ul\n"
|
|
#~ "// distribuit în temeiul licenței este distribuit pe o BAZĂ \"AS IS\",\n"
|
|
#~ "// FĂRĂ GARANȚII SAU CONDIȚII DE NICI UN FEL, fie ele exprese sau "
|
|
#~ "implicite.\n"
|
|
#~ "// Consultați Licența pentru limbajul specific care reglementează "
|
|
#~ "permisiunile și\n"
|
|
#~ "// limitări în cadrul Licenței.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused)]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
|
|
#~ "use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "bitflags! {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Semnalizatoare din registrul de semnalizare UART.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]]\n"
|
|
#~ " struct Flags: u16 {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
#~ " const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Set de date pregătit.\n"
|
|
#~ " const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
#~ " const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// UART ocupată să transmită date.\n"
|
|
#~ " const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Receive FIFO este gol.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Transmit FIFO este plin.\n"
|
|
#~ " const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Receive FIFO este plin.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Transmit FIFO este gol.\n"
|
|
#~ " const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Indicator de inel.\n"
|
|
#~ " const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Steaguri\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "bitflags! {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Flags din registrul de stare de recepție UART / registrul de "
|
|
#~ "ștergere a erorilor.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]]\n"
|
|
#~ " struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Framing error.\n"
|
|
#~ " const FE = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Eroare de paritate.\n"
|
|
#~ " const PE = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Eroare de întrerupere.\n"
|
|
#~ " const BE = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Eroare de depășire.\n"
|
|
#~ " const OE = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHETĂ: Registre\n"
|
|
#~ "#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Registers {\n"
|
|
#~ " dr: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
|
|
#~ " fr: Flags,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
|
|
#~ " ilpr: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " ibrd: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " fbrd: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " lcr_h: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " cr: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _rezervat7: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " ifls: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " imsc: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _rezervat9: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " ris: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " mis: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _rezervat11: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " icr: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " _rezervat12: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
#~ " dmacr: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Registre\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Driver pentru un UART PL011.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Construiește o nouă instanță a driverului UART pentru un "
|
|
#~ "dispozitiv PL011 la nivelul\n"
|
|
#~ " /// adresa de bază dată.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// # Siguranță\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Adresa de bază dată trebuie să indice registrele de control MMIO "
|
|
#~ "ale unui dispozitiv de tip\n"
|
|
#~ " /// PL011, care trebuie să fie mapate în spațiul de adrese al "
|
|
#~ "procesului\n"
|
|
#~ " /// ca memorie a dispozitivului și să nu aibă alte pseudonime.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Scrie un singur octet pe UART.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Așteaptă până când există loc în memoria tampon TX.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că self.registers indică controlul\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL011 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " nesigur {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Scrieți în memoria tampon TX.\n"
|
|
#~ " addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte."
|
|
#~ "into());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Așteptați până când UART-ul nu mai este ocupat.\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Citește și returnează un octet în așteptare sau `None` dacă nu a "
|
|
#~ "fost primit nimic.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
|
|
#~ " if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
|
|
#~ " None\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr)."
|
|
#~ "read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: Verificați dacă există condiții de eroare în biții "
|
|
#~ "8-11.\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(data as u8)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că self.registers indică controlul\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL011 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() } }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Write pentru Uart {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.write_byte(*c);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Sigur, deoarece conține doar un pointer către memoria dispozitivului, "
|
|
#~ "care poate fi\n"
|
|
#~ "// accesată din orice context.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl Send pentru Uart {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```makefile\n"
|
|
#~ "# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
#~ "#\n"
|
|
#~ "# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
#~ "# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
#~ "# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
#~ "#\n"
|
|
#~ "# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
#~ "#\n"
|
|
#~ "# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
#~ "# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
#~ "# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or "
|
|
#~ "implied.\n"
|
|
#~ "# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
#~ "# limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n"
|
|
#~ "ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n"
|
|
#~ "\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n"
|
|
#~ "else\n"
|
|
#~ "\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n"
|
|
#~ "endif\n"
|
|
#~ "OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ ".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "all: rtc.bin\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "build:\n"
|
|
#~ "\tcargo build\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "rtc.bin: build\n"
|
|
#~ "\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "qemu: rtc.bin\n"
|
|
#~ "\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:"
|
|
#~ "stdio -display none -kernel $< -s\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "clean:\n"
|
|
#~ "\tcargo clean\n"
|
|
#~ "\trm -f *.bin\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```makefile\n"
|
|
#~ "# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
#~ "#\n"
|
|
#~ "# Licențiat sub licența Apache License, versiunea 2.0 (\"Licența\");\n"
|
|
#~ "# nu aveți voie să utilizați acest fișier decât în conformitate cu "
|
|
#~ "Licența.\n"
|
|
#~ "# Puteți obține o copie a Licenței la adresa\n"
|
|
#~ "#\n"
|
|
#~ "# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
#~ "#\n"
|
|
#~ "# Cu excepția cazului în care legea aplicabilă o impune sau se convine în "
|
|
#~ "scris, software-ul\n"
|
|
#~ "# distribuit în temeiul licenței este distribuit pe o BAZĂ \"AS IS\",\n"
|
|
#~ "# FĂRĂ GARANȚII SAU CONDIȚII DE NICI UN FEL, fie ele exprese sau "
|
|
#~ "implicite.\n"
|
|
#~ "# Consultați Licența pentru limbajul specific care reglementează "
|
|
#~ "permisiunile și\n"
|
|
#~ "# limitări în cadrul licenței.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n"
|
|
#~ "ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n"
|
|
#~ "\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n"
|
|
#~ "else\n"
|
|
#~ "\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n"
|
|
#~ "endif\n"
|
|
#~ "OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ ".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "all: rtc.bin\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "build:\n"
|
|
#~ "\tcargo build\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "rtc.bin: build\n"
|
|
#~ "\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "qemu: rtc.bin\n"
|
|
#~ "\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:"
|
|
#~ "stdio -display none -kernel $< -s -s\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "clean:\n"
|
|
#~ "\tcargo clean\n"
|
|
#~ "\trm -f *.bin\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosește std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(|| {|\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Număr în fir: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Fire principală: {i}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn foo() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " foo();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "folosește std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn foo() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(|| {|\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Lungime: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " foo();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::scope(|scope| {\n"
|
|
#~ " scope.spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosește std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::scope(|scope| {\n"
|
|
#~ " scope.spawn(|| {|\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Lungime: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " tx.send(10).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " tx.send(20).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " tx.send(10).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " tx.send(20).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
#~ " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
#~ " tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(move || {| {\n"
|
|
#~ " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
#~ " tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: a trimis mesajul {i}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: terminat\");\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
#~ " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
#~ " tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(move || {| {\n"
|
|
#~ " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
#~ " tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: a trimis mesajul {i}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: terminat\");\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut handles = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
#~ " handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
#~ " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosește std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut handles = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
#~ " handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {| {\n"
|
|
#~ " let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap()));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " guard.push(40);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " guard.push(40);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "folosește std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " let handle = thread::spawn(|| {| {\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
#~ " let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.push(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editabil\n"
|
|
#~ "folosește std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
#~ " let handle = thread::spawn(move || {| {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.push(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Fork;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
#~ " &[\"Socrates\", \"Hypatia\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", "
|
|
#~ "\"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Create forks\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Create philosophers\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Make each of them think and eat 100 times\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Fork;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} are o idee nouă!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Ridică furculițele...\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} mănâncă...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
#~ " &[\"Socrate\", \"Hypatia\", \"Platon\", \"Aristotel\", "
|
|
#~ "\"Pitagora\"];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Creați furci\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Creează filosofi\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Fă-i pe fiecare dintre ei să gândească și să mănânce de 100 de "
|
|
#~ "ori\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Scoateți gândurile lor\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n"
|
|
#~ "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Error {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " BadResponse(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct CrawlCommand {\n"
|
|
#~ " url: Url,\n"
|
|
#~ " extract_links: bool,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> "
|
|
#~ "Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n"
|
|
#~ " let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if !response.status().is_success() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " if !command.extract_links {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Ok(link_urls);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
#~ " let body_text = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let href_values = document\n"
|
|
#~ " .select(&selector)\n"
|
|
#~ " .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " for href in href_values {\n"
|
|
#~ " match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_url) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " link_urls.push(link_url);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: "
|
|
#~ "{err}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_urls)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let client = Client::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let crawl_command = CrawlCommand{ url: start_url, extract_links: "
|
|
#~ "true };\n"
|
|
#~ " match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n"
|
|
#~ "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Error {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " ReqwestError(#[din] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]]\n"
|
|
#~ " BadResponse(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct CrawlCommand {\n"
|
|
#~ " url: Url,\n"
|
|
#~ " extract_links: bool,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> "
|
|
#~ "Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n"
|
|
#~ " let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if !response.status().is_succes() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string())));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " if !command.extract_links {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Ok(link_urls);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
#~ " let body_text = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let href_values = document\n"
|
|
#~ " .select(&selector)\n"
|
|
#~ " .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " for href in href_values {\n"
|
|
#~ " match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_url) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " link_urls.push(link_url);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Pe {base_url:#}: ignorat unparsable {href:?}: "
|
|
#~ "{err}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_urls)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let client = Client::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let crawl_command = CrawlCommand{ url: start_url, extract_links: "
|
|
#~ "true };\n"
|
|
#~ " match visit_page(&client, &crawl_command) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures::executor::block_on;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " count_to(count).await;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " block_on(async_main(10));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți futures::executor::block_on;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " count_to(count).await;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " block_on(async_main(10));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți tokio::time;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Sarcina principală: {i}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await "
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " return;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n"
|
|
#~ " let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(n) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap()."
|
|
#~ "trim();\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(e) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " return;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"conexiune de la {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b \"Who are you?\\n\").await "
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"eroare de socket: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " return;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n"
|
|
#~ " let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(n) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap()."
|
|
#~ "trim();\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Mulțumesc pentru apelare, {name}!\\n\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(e) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"eroare de socket: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " return;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"eroare socket: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut count: usize = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n"
|
|
#~ " count += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
#~ " let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..10 {\n"
|
|
#~ " sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " drop(sender);\n"
|
|
#~ " ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler "
|
|
#~ "task.\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut count: usize = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n"
|
|
#~ " count += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
#~ " let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..10 {\n"
|
|
#~ " sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " drop(sender);\n"
|
|
#~ " ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Ceva nu a mers bine în sarcina de "
|
|
#~ "gestionare a ping-ului.\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use anyhow::Result;\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures::future;\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result<usize> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"https://google.com\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"BAD_URL\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n"
|
|
#~ " let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result<usize>> =\n"
|
|
#~ " urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "utilizați anyhow::Result;\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures::future;\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result<usize> { {\n"
|
|
#~ " let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n"
|
|
#~ " \"https://google.com\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"BAD_URL\",\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n"
|
|
#~ " let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result<usize>> = =\n"
|
|
#~ " urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Animal {\n"
|
|
#~ " Cat { name: String },\n"
|
|
#~ " Dog { name: String },\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n"
|
|
#~ " mut cat_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ " mut dog_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ ") -> Option<Animal> {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
#~ " cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: "
|
|
#~ "cat_name? }),\n"
|
|
#~ " dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: "
|
|
#~ "dog_name? })\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
#~ " let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " cat_sender\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " .await\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " dog_sender\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " .await\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n"
|
|
#~ " .await\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Animal {\n"
|
|
#~ " Cat { name: String },\n"
|
|
#~ " Dog { name: String },\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n"
|
|
#~ " mut cat_rcv: Receptor<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ " mut dog_rcv: Receptor<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ ") -> Option<Animal> {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
#~ " cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: "
|
|
#~ "cat_name? }),\n"
|
|
#~ " dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: "
|
|
#~ "dog_name? })\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
#~ " let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " cat_sender\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " .await\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"Nu s-a reușit trimiterea pisicii.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " dog_sender\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " .await\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"Nu s-a reușit trimiterea câinelui.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n"
|
|
#~ " .await\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Câștigătorul este {winner:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures::future::join_all;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Instant;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n"
|
|
#~ " start.elapsed().as_millis()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let start = Instant::now();\n"
|
|
#~ " let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n"
|
|
#~ " join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți futures::future::join_all;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Instant;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"viitorul {id} a dormit timp de {duration_ms}ms, terminat după {}"
|
|
#~ "ms\",\n"
|
|
#~ " start.elapsed().as_millis()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let start = Instant::now();\n"
|
|
#~ " let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n"
|
|
#~ " join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be "
|
|
#~ "stored on a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current "
|
|
#~ "async block. If your future has pointers to data on the stack, those "
|
|
#~ "pointers might get invalidated. This is unsafe."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Atunci când așteptați un viitor, toate variabilele locale (care în mod "
|
|
#~ "normal ar fi stocate pe un cadru de stivă) sunt stocate în schimb în "
|
|
#~ "viitorul pentru blocul asincron curent. În cazul în care viitorul "
|
|
#~ "dumneavoastră are pointeri la date de pe stivă, acești pointeri pot fi "
|
|
#~ "invalidați. Acest lucru nu este sigur."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to "
|
|
#~ "don't change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future "
|
|
#~ "repeatedly in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Prin urmare, trebuie să vă asigurați că adresele către care indică "
|
|
#~ "viitorul dumneavoastră nu se schimbă. Acesta este motivul pentru care "
|
|
#~ "trebuie să \"fixăm\" viitoarele. Folosirea aceluiași viitor în mod "
|
|
#~ "repetat într-un `select!` duce adesea la probleme cu valorile fixate."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::task::spawn;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n"
|
|
#~ "// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Work {\n"
|
|
#~ " input: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " respond_on: oneshot::Sender<u32>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver<Work>) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut iterations = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n"
|
|
#~ " sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to "
|
|
#~ "work.\n"
|
|
#~ " work.respond_on\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(work.input * 1000)\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n"
|
|
#~ " iterations += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender<Work>, input: u32) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n"
|
|
#~ " work_queue\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(Work {\n"
|
|
#~ " input,\n"
|
|
#~ " respond_on: tx,\n"
|
|
#~ " })\n"
|
|
#~ " .await\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n"
|
|
#~ " rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " spawn(worker(rx));\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::task::spawn;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Un element de lucru. În acest caz, doar doarme pentru timpul dat și "
|
|
#~ "răspunde\n"
|
|
#~ "// cu un mesaj pe canalul `respond_on`.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Work {\n"
|
|
#~ " input: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " respond_on: oneshot::Sender<u32>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Un lucrător care ascultă munca pe o coadă și o execută.\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver<Work>) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut iterations = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n"
|
|
#~ " sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretindeți că "
|
|
#~ "lucrați.\n"
|
|
#~ " work.respond_on\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(work.input * 1000)\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"nu a reușit să trimită răspunsul\");\n"
|
|
#~ " iterații += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: raportați numărul de iterații la fiecare 100ms\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Un solicitant care solicită muncă și așteaptă ca aceasta să fie "
|
|
#~ "finalizată.\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender<Work>, input: u32) -> "
|
|
#~ "u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n"
|
|
#~ " work_queue\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(Work {\n"
|
|
#~ " input,\n"
|
|
#~ " respond_on: tx,\n"
|
|
#~ " })\n"
|
|
#~ " .await\n"
|
|
#~ " .expect(\"nu a reușit să trimită în coada de lucru\");\n"
|
|
#~ " rx.await.expect(\"a eșuat în așteptarea răspunsului\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " spawn(worker(rx));\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use async_trait::async_trait;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Instant;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[async_trait]\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Sleeper {\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn sleep(&self);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct FixedSleeper {\n"
|
|
#~ " sleep_ms: u64,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[async_trait]\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn sleep(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>>, "
|
|
#~ "n_times: usize) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 0..n_times {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n"
|
|
#~ " for sleeper in &sleepers {\n"
|
|
#~ " let start = Instant::now();\n"
|
|
#~ " sleeper.sleep().await;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>> = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use async_trait::async_trait;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Instant;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[async_trait]\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Sleeper {\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn sleep(&self);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct FixedSleeper {\n"
|
|
#~ " sleep_ms: u64,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[async_trait]\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Sleeper pentru FixedSleeper {\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn sleep(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn "
|
|
#~ "Sleeper>>, n_times: usize) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 0..n_times {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"rulează toate sleepers..\");\n"
|
|
#~ " for sleeper in &sleepers {\n"
|
|
#~ " let start = Instant::now();\n"
|
|
#~ " sleeper.sleep().await;\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"a dormit timp de {}ms\", start.elapsed()."
|
|
#~ "as_millis()));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>> = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{self, ErrorKind};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, DuplexStream};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct LinesReader {\n"
|
|
#~ " stream: DuplexStream,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl LinesReader {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self { stream }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bytes = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buf = [0];\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.stream.read(&mut buf[..]).await? != 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " bytes.push(buf[0]);\n"
|
|
#~ " if buf[0] == b'\\n' {\n"
|
|
#~ " break;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " if bytes.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Ok(None)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from_utf8(bytes)\n"
|
|
#~ " .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, \"not "
|
|
#~ "UTF-8\"))?;\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(Some(s))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn slow_copy(source: String, mut dest: DuplexStream) -> std::io::"
|
|
#~ "Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " for b in source.bytes() {\n"
|
|
#~ " dest.write_u8(b).await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (client, server) = tokio::io::duplex(5);\n"
|
|
#~ " let handle = tokio::spawn(slow_copy(\"hi\\nthere\\n\".to_owned(), "
|
|
#~ "client));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut lines = LinesReader::new(server);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(60));\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
#~ " _ = interval.tick() => println!(\"tick!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " line = lines.next() => if let Some(l) = line? {\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\"{}\", l)\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " break\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " handle.await.unwrap()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{self, ErrorKind};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, DuplexStream};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct LinesReader {\n"
|
|
#~ " stream: DuplexStream,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl LinesReader {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self { stream }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<String>> "
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bytes = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buf = [0];\n"
|
|
#~ " while self.stream.read(&mut buf[..]).await? != 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " bytes.push(buf[0]);\n"
|
|
#~ " if buf[0] == b'\\n' {\n"
|
|
#~ " break;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " if bytes.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Ok(None)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from_utf8(bytes)\n"
|
|
#~ " .map_err(|_| io::Error::new(ErrorKind::InvalidData, \"not "
|
|
#~ "UTF-8\")))?;\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(Some(s))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn slow_copy(source: String, mut dest: DuplexStream) -> std::io::"
|
|
#~ "Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " for b in source.bytes() {\n"
|
|
#~ " dest.write_u8(b).await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (client, server) = tokio::io::duplex(5);\n"
|
|
#~ " let handle = tokio::spawn(slow_copy(\"hi\\nthere\\n\".to_owned(), "
|
|
#~ "client));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut lines = LinesReader::new(server);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_millis(60));\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
#~ " _ = interval.tick() => println!(\"tick!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " line = lines.next() => if let Some(l) = line? {\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\"{}\", l)\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " break\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " handle.await.unwrap()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "struct LinesReader {\n"
|
|
#~ " stream: DuplexStream,\n"
|
|
#~ " bytes: Vec<u8>,\n"
|
|
#~ " buf: [u8; 1],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl LinesReader {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self { stream, bytes: Vec::new(), buf: [0] }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<String>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // prefix buf and bytes with self.\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ " let raw = std::mem::take(&mut self.bytes);\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from_utf8(raw)\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "struct LinesReader {\n"
|
|
#~ " stream: DuplexStream,\n"
|
|
#~ " bytes: Vec<u8>,\n"
|
|
#~ " buf: [u8; 1],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl LinesReader {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(stream: DuplexStream) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self { stream, bytes: Vec::new(), buf: [0] }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn next(&mut self) -> io::Result<Option<String>> "
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " // prefixează buf și bytes cu self.\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ " let raw = std::mem::take(&mut self.bytes);\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from_utf8(raw)\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Fork;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))."
|
|
#~ "await\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
#~ " &[\"Socrates\", \"Hypatia\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", "
|
|
#~ "\"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Create forks\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Create philosophers\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Fork;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} are o idee nouă!\", &self.name))."
|
|
#~ "await\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Preia furculițele...\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} mănâncă...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
#~ " &[\"Socrate\", \"Hypatia\", \"Platon\", \"Aristotel\", "
|
|
#~ "\"Pitagora\"];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Creează furci\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Creează filozofii\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Fă-i să gândească și să mănânce\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Scoate-le gândurile\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::stream::StreamExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn handle_connection(\n"
|
|
#~ " addr: SocketAddr,\n"
|
|
#~ " mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
|
|
#~ " bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ ") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
|
|
#~ " let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::stream::StreamExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn handle_connection(\n"
|
|
#~ " addr: SocketAddr,\n"
|
|
#~ " mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
|
|
#~ " bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ ") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: Pentru un indiciu, consultați descrierea sarcinii de mai "
|
|
#~ "jos.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"ascultând pe portul 2000\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Conexiune nouă de la {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Înfășurați fluxul TCP brut într-un websocket.\n"
|
|
#~ " let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::stream::StreamExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use http::Uri;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (mut ws_stream, _) =\n"
|
|
#~ " ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::"
|
|
#~ "from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " .connect()\n"
|
|
#~ " .await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::stream::StreamExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use http::Uri;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (mut ws_stream, _) =\n"
|
|
#~ " ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::"
|
|
#~ "from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\")))\n"
|
|
#~ " .connect()\n"
|
|
#~ " .await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: Pentru un indiciu, consultați descrierea sarcinii de mai "
|
|
#~ "jos.\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "argument:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "argument:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "build:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "construi:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "call:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "apel:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "concurrency:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "concurența:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "constant:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "constantă:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "control flow:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "fluxul de control:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "crash:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "accident:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "enumeration:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "enumerare:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "error:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "eroare:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "error handling:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "gestionarea erorilor:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "garbage collector:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "colector de gunoi:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "generics:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "generice:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "immutable:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "imuabile:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "integration test:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "testul de integrare:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "keyword:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "cuvinte cheie:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "main function:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "funcția principală:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "match:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "meci:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "memory leak:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "scurgere de memorie:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "method:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "metoda:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "module:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "modul:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "move:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "mișcă:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "mutable:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "mutabil:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "ownership:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "proprietate:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "panic:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "panică:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "parameter:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "parametru:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "pattern:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "model:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "payload:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "sarcina utilă:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "program:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "program:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "programming language:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "limbaj de programare:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "receiver:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "receptor:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "reference counting:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "numărarea de referință:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "return:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "retur:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "safe:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "sigur:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "scope:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "domeniul de aplicare:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "standard library:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "biblioteca standard:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "static:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "static:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "struct:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "struct:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "test:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "test:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "thread:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "firul:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "thread safety:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "siguranța filetului:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "trait:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "trăsătură:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "type:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "tip:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "union:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "uniunii:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "unit test:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "test unitar:"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "variable:\\"
|
|
#~ msgstr "variabilă:\\"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "The [Why Rust? - An Example in C](why-rust/an-example-in-c.md) section "
|
|
#~ "has been taken from the presentation slides of [Colin Finck's Master "
|
|
#~ "Thesis](https://colinfinck.de/Master_Thesis_Colin_Finck.pdf). It has been "
|
|
#~ "relicensed under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license for this course by "
|
|
#~ "the author."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Secțiunea [De ce Rust? - Un exemplu în C](why-rust/an-example-in-c.md) a "
|
|
#~ "fost preluată din slide-urile de prezentare ale [Tezei de masterat a lui "
|
|
#~ "Colin Finck](https://colinfinck.de/Master_Thesis_Colin_Finck.pdf). Ea a "
|
|
#~ "fost relicențiata de către autor în conformitate cu termenii licenței "
|
|
#~ "Apache 2.0 pentru acest curs."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Veți găsi soluțiile la exercițiile de pe paginile următoare."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on GitHub](https://github."
|
|
#~ "com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know if you have a "
|
|
#~ "different or better solution than what is presented here."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Nu ezitați să puneți întrebări despre soluții [pe GitHub](https://github."
|
|
#~ "com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Anunțați-ne dacă aveți o "
|
|
#~ "soluție diferită sau mai bună decât cea prezentată aici."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 1 Exerciții de dimineață"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([înapoi la exercițiu](for-loops.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " for j in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " return result;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for row in matrix {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{row:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_transpose() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matrix = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], //\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " transposed,\n"
|
|
#~ " [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 201, 301], //\n"
|
|
#~ " [102, 202, 302],\n"
|
|
#~ " [103, 203, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ]\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matrix = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " for j in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " return result;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for row in matrix {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{row:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_transpose() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matrix = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], //\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " transposed,\n"
|
|
#~ " [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 201, 301], //\n"
|
|
#~ " [102, 202, 302],\n"
|
|
#~ " [103, 203, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ]\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matrix = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- comentariul face ca rustfmt să adauge o "
|
|
#~ "linie nouă\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"matrice:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Bonus question"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Întrebare bonus"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a "
|
|
#~ "slice-of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus "
|
|
#~ "make our function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks "
|
|
#~ "down: the return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the "
|
|
#~ "data you return."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Aceasta necesită concepte mai avansate. S-ar putea părea că am putea "
|
|
#~ "folosi o felie de felii (`&[&[&[i32]]`) ca tip de intrare pentru "
|
|
#~ "transpunere și astfel funcția noastră ar putea gestiona matrice de orice "
|
|
#~ "dimensiune. Cu toate acestea, acest lucru se strică rapid: tipul de retur "
|
|
#~ "nu poate fi `&[&[i32]]`, deoarece trebuie să dețină datele pe care le "
|
|
#~ "returnezi."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You can attempt to use something like `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, but this doesn't "
|
|
#~ "work out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec<Vec<i32>>` to "
|
|
#~ "`&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Puteți încerca să folosiți ceva de genul `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, dar nici "
|
|
#~ "acest lucru nu funcționează imediat: este greu de convertit din `Vec<"
|
|
#~ "Vec<i32>>` în `&[&[&[i32]]`, astfel încât acum nu puteți "
|
|
#~ "folosi cu ușurință nici `pretty_print`."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::"
|
|
#~ "convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html) "
|
|
#~ "trait to abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Odată ce ajungem la trăsături și la generice, vom putea folosi trăsătura "
|
|
#~ "[`std::convert::AsRef`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef."
|
|
#~ "html) pentru a abstractiza orice poate fi referit ca o felie."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::convert::AsRef;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::Debug;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pretty_print<T, Line, Matrix>(matrix: Matrix)\n"
|
|
#~ "where\n"
|
|
#~ " T: Debug,\n"
|
|
#~ " // A line references a slice of items\n"
|
|
#~ " Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n"
|
|
#~ " // A matrix references a slice of lines\n"
|
|
#~ " Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n"
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // &[&[i32]]\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // Vec<Vec<i32>>\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::convert::AsRef;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::Debug;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pretty_print<T, Line, Matrix>(matrix: Matrix)\n"
|
|
#~ "unde\n"
|
|
#~ " T: Debug,\n"
|
|
#~ " // O linie se referă la o felie de elemente\n"
|
|
#~ " Linie: AsRef<[T]>,\n"
|
|
#~ " // O matrice se referă la o felie de linii\n"
|
|
#~ " Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n"
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // &[&[i32]]\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&[&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, "
|
|
#~ "9]]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // [[&[&str; 2]; 2]\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print([[[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // Vec<Vec<i32>>\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are "
|
|
#~ "of the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În plus, tipul în sine nu ar impune ca feliile copil să aibă aceeași "
|
|
#~ "lungime, astfel încât o astfel de variabilă ar putea conține o matrice "
|
|
#~ "invalidă."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 1 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 1 Exerciții de după-amiază"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut sum = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut double = false;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut digit_seen = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for c in cc_number.chars().filter(|&f| f != ' ').rev() {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(digit) = c.to_digit(10) {\n"
|
|
#~ " if double {\n"
|
|
#~ " let double_digit = digit * 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " sum += if double_digit > 9 {\n"
|
|
#~ " double_digit - 9\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " double_digit\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " sum += digit;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " double = !double;\n"
|
|
#~ " digit_seen += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " if digit_seen < 2 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " sum % 10 == 0\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo 0 0\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut sum = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut double = false;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut digit_seen = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for c in cc_number.chars().filter(|&f| f != ' ').rev() {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(digit) = c.to_digit(10) {\n"
|
|
#~ " if double {\n"
|
|
#~ " let double_digit = digit * 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " sum += if double_digit > 9 {\n"
|
|
#~ " double_digit - 9\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " double_digit\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " sum += digit;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " double = !double;\n"
|
|
#~ " digit_seen += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " if digit_seen < 2 {\n"
|
|
#~ " returnează false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " sum % 10 == 0\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Este {cc_number} un număr de card de credit valid? {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo 0 0\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_vid_număr_cc_vid() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \")));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\")));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\")));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Pattern matching"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Potrivire de șabloane"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "/// An operation to perform on two subexpressions.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Operation {\n"
|
|
#~ " Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " Sub,\n"
|
|
#~ " Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " Div,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// An expression, in tree form.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Expression {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// An operation on two subexpressions.\n"
|
|
#~ " Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box<Expression>,\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box<Expression>,\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// A literal value\n"
|
|
#~ " Value(i64),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// The result of evaluating an expression.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Res {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Evaluation was successful, with the given result.\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(i64),\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Evaluation failed, with the given error message.\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// Allow `Ok` and `Err` as shorthands for `Res::Ok` and `Res::Err`.\n"
|
|
#~ "use Res::{Err, Ok};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn eval(e: Expression) -> Res {\n"
|
|
#~ " match e {\n"
|
|
#~ " Expression::Op { op, left, right } => {\n"
|
|
#~ " let left = match eval(*left) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(v) => v,\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(msg) => return Err(msg),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let right = match eval(*right) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(v) => v,\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(msg) => return Err(msg),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(match op {\n"
|
|
#~ " Operation::Add => left + right,\n"
|
|
#~ " Operation::Sub => left - right,\n"
|
|
#~ " Operation::Mul => left * right,\n"
|
|
#~ " Operation::Div => {\n"
|
|
#~ " if right == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(String::from(\"division by zero\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " left / right\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " })\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Expression::Value(v) => Ok(v),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_value() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(eval(Expression::Value(19)), Ok(19));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_sum() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(10)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(20)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(30)\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_recursion() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let term1 = Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(10)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(9)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let term2 = Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Sub,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(3)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(4)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(term1),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(term2),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(85)\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_error() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Div,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(99)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(0)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String::from(\"division by zero\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let expr = Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Sub,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(20)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(10)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"expr: {:?}\", expr);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"result: {:?}\", eval(expr));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "/// O operație care trebuie efectuată asupra a două subexpresii.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Operation {\n"
|
|
#~ " Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " Sub,\n"
|
|
#~ " Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " Div,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// O expresie, în formă de arbore.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Expression {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// O operație asupra a două subexpresii.\n"
|
|
#~ " Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operație,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box<Expression>,\n"
|
|
#~ " dreapta: Caseta<Expression>,\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// O valoare literală\n"
|
|
#~ " Valoare(i64),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Rezultatul evaluării unei expresii.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Res {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Evaluarea a avut succes, cu rezultatul dat.\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(i64),\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Evaluarea a eșuat, cu mesajul de eroare dat.\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// Permiteți `Ok` și `Err` ca prescurtări pentru `Res::Ok` și `Res::"
|
|
#~ "Err`.\n"
|
|
#~ "use Res::{Err, Ok};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn eval(e: Expression) -> Res {\n"
|
|
#~ " match e {\n"
|
|
#~ " Expression::Op { op, left, right } => {\n"
|
|
#~ " let left = match eval(*left) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(v) => v,\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(msg) => return Err(msg),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let right = match eval(*right) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(v) => v,\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(msg) => return Err(msg),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(match op {\n"
|
|
#~ " Operation::Add => left + right,\n"
|
|
#~ " Operation::Sub => stânga - dreapta,\n"
|
|
#~ " Operation::Mul => stânga * dreapta,\n"
|
|
#~ " Operation::Div => {\n"
|
|
#~ " if right == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(String::from(\"diviziune cu zero\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " stânga / dreapta\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " })\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Expresie::Valoare(v) => Ok(v),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_valoare_test() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(eval(Expression::Value(19)), Ok(19));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_sum() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(10)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(20)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(30)\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_recursiune_test() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let term1 = Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(10)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expression::Value(9)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let term2 = Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Mul,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Sub,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(3)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expresie::Valoare(4)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " dreapta: Box::new(Expression::Value(5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Add,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(term1),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(term2),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(85)\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_error() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " eval(Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Div,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(99)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expresie::Valoare(0)),\n"
|
|
#~ " }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String::from(\"împărțire la zero\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let expr = Expression::Op {\n"
|
|
#~ " op: Operation::Sub,\n"
|
|
#~ " left: Box::new(Expression::Value(20)),\n"
|
|
#~ " right: Box::new(Expresie::Valoare(10)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"expr: {:?}\", expr);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"rezultat: {:?}\", eval(expr));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 2 Morning Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 2 Exerciții de dimineață"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Designing a Library"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Proiectarea unei biblioteci"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " year: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
#~ " year,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Implement the methods below. Notice how the `self` parameter\n"
|
|
#~ "// changes type to indicate the method's required level of ownership\n"
|
|
#~ "// over the object:\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Library {\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " Library { books: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.len()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.push(book)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn print_books(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for book in &self.books {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}, published in {}\", book.title, book.year);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Using a closure and a built-in method:\n"
|
|
#~ " // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Longer hand-written solution:\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n"
|
|
#~ " for book in self.books.iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n"
|
|
#~ " oldest = Some(book);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " oldest\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " library.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
#~ "1865));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " library.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_library_len() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
#~ "1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_library_is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_library_print_books() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
#~ "1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n"
|
|
#~ " // method to start with.\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
#~ "1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Biblioteca {\n"
|
|
#~ " cărți: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " titlu: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " year: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Acesta este un constructor, utilizat mai jos.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " Carte {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
#~ " year,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Implementați metodele de mai jos. Observați modul în care parametrul "
|
|
#~ "`self`\n"
|
|
#~ "// își schimbă tipul pentru a indica nivelul necesar de proprietate al "
|
|
#~ "metodei\n"
|
|
#~ "// asupra obiectului:\n"
|
|
#~ "//\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `&self` pentru acces partajat numai pentru citire,\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `&mut self` pentru acces unic și mutabil,\n"
|
|
#~ "// - `self` pentru acces unic prin valoare.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Library {\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " Bibliotecă { books: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.len()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.push(book)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn print_books(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for book in &self.books {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}, publicat în {}\", book.title, book.year);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Utilizarea unei închideri și a unei metode încorporate:\n"
|
|
#~ " // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Soluție mai lungă scrisă de mână:\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n"
|
|
#~ " for book in self.books.iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n"
|
|
#~ " oldest = Some(book);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " oldest\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"The library is empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " library.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
#~ "1865));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"The library is no longer empty: library.is_empty() -> {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " library.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(book) => println!(\"Cea mai veche carte este {}\", book."
|
|
#~ "title),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => printlnn!(\"Biblioteca este goală!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " printlnn!(\"Biblioteca are {} cărți\", library.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_test_library_len() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Aventurile lui Alice în Țara "
|
|
#~ "Minunilor\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_biblioteca_este_vidă() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_biblioteca_imprimă_cărți() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Aventurile lui Alice în Țara "
|
|
#~ "Minunilor\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " // Am putea încerca să capturăm stdout, dar haideți să apelăm pur și "
|
|
#~ "simplu la funcția\n"
|
|
#~ " // metoda pentru început.\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_biblioteca_cea_mai_veche_carte() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none()));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Stăpânul Inelelor\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"Stăpânul inelelor\")\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", "
|
|
#~ "1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"Aventurile lui Alice în Țara Minunilor\")\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](health-statistics.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([back to exercise](health-statistics.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct User {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " height: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct HealthReport<'a> {\n"
|
|
#~ " patient_name: &'a str,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height_change: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl User {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " name,\n"
|
|
#~ " age,\n"
|
|
#~ " height,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: 0,\n"
|
|
#~ " last_blood_pressure: None,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " &self.name\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.age\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.height\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn doctor_visits(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.visit_count as u32\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.age = new_age\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.height = new_height\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> "
|
|
#~ "HealthReport {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.visit_count += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " let bp = measurements.blood_pressure;\n"
|
|
#~ " let report = HealthReport {\n"
|
|
#~ " patient_name: &self.name,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: self.visit_count as u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height_change: measurements.height - self.height,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure_change: match self.last_blood_pressure {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(lbp) => Some((\n"
|
|
#~ " bp.0 as i32 - lbp.0 as i32,\n"
|
|
#~ " bp.1 as i32 - lbp.1 as i32\n"
|
|
#~ " )),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => None,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " self.height = measurements.height;\n"
|
|
#~ " self.last_blood_pressure = Some(bp);\n"
|
|
#~ " report\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_height() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_set_age() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
|
|
#~ " bob.set_age(33);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_visit() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visits(), 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " height: 156.1,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " height: 156.1,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Utilizator {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " înălțime: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " last_blood_pressure: Option<(u32, u32)>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct struct Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " height: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct struct HealthReport<'a> {\n"
|
|
#~ " patient_name: &'a str,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height_change: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure_change: Option<(i32, i32)>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl User {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, height: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " name,\n"
|
|
#~ " vârstă,\n"
|
|
#~ " înălțime,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: 0,\n"
|
|
#~ " last_blood_pressure: niciunul,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " &self.name\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.age\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn height(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.height\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn fn doctor_visite(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.visit_count as u32\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.age = new_age\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_height(&mut self, new_height: f32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.height = new_height\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn visit_doctor(&mut self, measurements: Measurements) -> "
|
|
#~ "HealthReport {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.visit_count += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " let bp = measurements.blood_pressure;\n"
|
|
#~ " let report = HealthReport {\n"
|
|
#~ " patient_name: &self.name,\n"
|
|
#~ " visit_count: self.visit_count as u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height_change: measurements.height - self.height,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure_change: match self.last_blood_pressure {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(lbp) => Some((\n"
|
|
#~ " bp.0 as i32 - lbp.0 as i32,\n"
|
|
#~ " bp.1 as i32 - lbp.1 as i32\n"
|
|
#~ " )),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => None,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " self.height = measurements.height;\n"
|
|
#~ " self.last_blood_pressure = Some(bp);\n"
|
|
#~ " raportează\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Sunt {} și vârsta mea este {}\", bob.name(), bob.age()), "
|
|
#~ "bob.age());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_înălțime() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.height(), 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_set_age() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
|
|
#~ " bob.set_age(33);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_vizita_test() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.doctor_visitează(), 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " înălțime: 156,1,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (120, 80),\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.patient_name, \"Bob\");\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, None);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let report = bob.visit_doctor(Measurements {\n"
|
|
#~ " înălțime: 156,1,\n"
|
|
#~ " blood_pressure: (115, 76),\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.visit_count, 2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(report.blood_pressure_change, Some((-5, -4)));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([înapoi la exercițiu](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut request_segments = request_path.split('/');\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for prefix_segment in prefix.split('/') {\n"
|
|
#~ " let Some(request_segment) = request_segments.next() else {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " if request_segment != prefix_segment && prefix_segment != "
|
|
#~ "\"*\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " true\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate simultaneously over "
|
|
#~ "prefix\n"
|
|
#~ " // and request segments. The zip() iterator is finished as soon as "
|
|
#~ "one of\n"
|
|
#~ " // the source iterators is finished, but we need to iterate over all "
|
|
#~ "request\n"
|
|
#~ " // segments. A neat trick that makes zip() work is to use map() and "
|
|
#~ "chain()\n"
|
|
#~ " // to produce an iterator that returns Some(str) for each pattern "
|
|
#~ "segments,\n"
|
|
#~ " // and then returns None indefinitely.\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
|
|
#~ "abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
|
|
#~ "books\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/"
|
|
#~ "publishersBooks\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/"
|
|
#~ "publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
|
|
#~ "publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut request_segments = request_path.split('/');\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for prefix_segment in prefix.split('/') {\n"
|
|
#~ " let Some(request_segment) = request_segments.next() else {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " if request_segment != prefix_segment && prefix_segment ! = "
|
|
#~ "\"*\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " true\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Alternativ, Iterator::zip() ne permite să iterăm simultan peste "
|
|
#~ "prefixul\n"
|
|
#~ " // și segmentele de cerere. Iteratorul zip() se termină de îndată ce "
|
|
#~ "unul din\n"
|
|
#~ " // iteratorii sursă se termină, dar noi trebuie să iterăm peste toate "
|
|
#~ "cererile\n"
|
|
#~ " // segmente. Un truc ingenios care face ca zip() să funcționeze este "
|
|
#~ "utilizarea map() și chain()\n"
|
|
#~ " // pentru a produce un iterator care returnează Some(str) pentru "
|
|
#~ "fiecare segment de model,\n"
|
|
#~ " // și apoi returnează None la nesfârșit.\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/"
|
|
#~ "abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/"
|
|
#~ "books\")));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/"
|
|
#~ "publishersBooks\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/părinți/"
|
|
#~ "editori\")));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/"
|
|
#~ "publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Morning Exercise"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 3 Exercițiul de dimineață"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([înapoi la exercițiu](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
|
|
#~ " self.inner_width() + 4\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut inner = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " for widget in &self.widgets {\n"
|
|
#~ " widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
|
|
#~ " // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
|
|
#~ " // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"| {:^inner_width$} |\", &self.title)."
|
|
#~ "unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+={:=<inner_width$}=+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " for line in inner.lines() {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"| {:inner_width$} |\", line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let width = self.width();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut label = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " for line in label.lines() {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"|{:^width$}|\", &line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label\n"
|
|
#~ " .lines()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
|
|
#~ " .max()\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(0)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo."
|
|
#~ "\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Click me!\"\n"
|
|
#~ " )));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.draw();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Lățimea naturală a lui `self`.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Desenează widget-ul într-un buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Desenează widget-ul pe ieșirea standard.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " Etichetă {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget pentru fereastră {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Adăugați 4 căptușeli pentru margini\n"
|
|
#~ " self.inner_width() + 4\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut inner = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " for widget in &self.widgets {\n"
|
|
#~ " widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // TODO: după ce ați învățat despre gestionarea erorilor, puteți "
|
|
#~ "schimba\n"
|
|
#~ " // draw_into pentru a returna rezultatul<(), std::fmt::Error>. "
|
|
#~ "Apoi utilizați\n"
|
|
#~ " // operatorul ?- aici în loc de .unwrap().\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"| {:^inner_width$} |\", &self.title)."
|
|
#~ "unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+={:=<inner_width$}=+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " for line in inner.lines() {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"| {:inner_width$} |\", line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget pentru Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label.width() + 8 // adaugă un pic de umplutură\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let width = self.width();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut label = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " for line in label.lines() {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"|{:^width$}|\", &line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget pentru etichetă {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label\n"
|
|
#~ " .lines()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|line| line| line.chars().count()))\n"
|
|
#~ " .max()\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(0)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"Aceasta este o mică "
|
|
#~ "demonstrație GUI de text.\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(:new(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Faceți clic pe mine!\"\n"
|
|
#~ " )));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.draw();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([înapoi la exercițiu](puncte-poligoane.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " Point { x, y }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (self - other).magnitude()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x + other.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y + other.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x - other.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y - other.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " points: Vec<Point>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.push(point);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " if self.points.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return 0.0;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut result = 0.0;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n"
|
|
#~ " for point in &self.points[1..] {\n"
|
|
#~ " result += last_point.dist(*point);\n"
|
|
#~ " last_point = *point;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n"
|
|
#~ " result\n"
|
|
#~ " // Alternatively, Iterator::zip() lets us iterate over the points "
|
|
#~ "as pairs\n"
|
|
#~ " // but we need to pair each point with the next one, and the last "
|
|
#~ "point\n"
|
|
#~ " // with the first point. The zip() iterator is finished as soon "
|
|
#~ "as one of \n"
|
|
#~ " // the source iterators is finished, a neat trick is to combine "
|
|
#~ "Iterator::cycle\n"
|
|
#~ " // with Iterator::skip to create the second iterator for the zip "
|
|
#~ "and using map \n"
|
|
#~ " // and sum to calculate the total length.\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " center: Point,\n"
|
|
#~ " radius: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle { center, radius }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_point_dist() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_point_add() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, "
|
|
#~ "16)]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
#~ " let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
#~ " .iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct struct Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " Punct { x, y }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (self - other).magnitude()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x + other.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y + other.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x - other.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y - other.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " puncte: Vec<Point>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.push(point);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " if self.points.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return 0.0;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut result = 0.0;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut mut last_point = self.points[0];\n"
|
|
#~ " for point in &self.points[1..] {\n"
|
|
#~ " result += last_point.dist(*punct);\n"
|
|
#~ " last_point = *punct;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n"
|
|
#~ " rezultat\n"
|
|
#~ " // Alternativ, Iterator::zip() ne permite să iterăm peste puncte "
|
|
#~ "ca perechi\n"
|
|
#~ " // dar trebuie să împerechem fiecare punct cu următorul, iar "
|
|
#~ "ultimul punct\n"
|
|
#~ " // cu primul punct. Iteratorul zip() se termină de îndată ce unul "
|
|
#~ "dintre punctele \n"
|
|
#~ " // iteratorii sursă este terminat, un truc ingenios este să "
|
|
#~ "combinăm Iterator::cycle\n"
|
|
#~ " // cu Iterator::skip pentru a crea cel de-al doilea iterator "
|
|
#~ "pentru zip și folosind map \n"
|
|
#~ " // și suma pentru a calcula lungimea totală.\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " centru: Punct,\n"
|
|
#~ " radius: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " Cerc { center, radius }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl From<Circle> pentru Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_punct_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude())), 17.69);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_punct_dist() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2))), 5.00);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_punct_add() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_poligon_poligon_punctul_cel_mai_stânga() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, "
|
|
#~ "16)]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
#~ " let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
#~ " .iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(Shape::perimetru)\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 3 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Ziua 3 Exerciții de după-amiază"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
#~ msgstr "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "mod ffi {\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
#~ " _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
#~ " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
|
|
#~ "PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Layout according to the Linux man page for readdir(3), where ino_t "
|
|
#~ "and\n"
|
|
#~ " // off_t are resolved according to the definitions in\n"
|
|
#~ " // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_off: c_long,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_type: c_uchar,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Layout according to the macOS man page for dir(5).\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_fileno: u64,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_type: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = "
|
|
#~ "\"x86_64\")))]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // See https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 and the "
|
|
#~ "section on\n"
|
|
#~ " // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE in the macOS man page for "
|
|
#~ "stat(2).\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " // \"Platforms that existed before these updates were available\" "
|
|
#~ "refers\n"
|
|
#~ " // to macOS (as opposed to iOS / wearOS / etc.) on Intel and "
|
|
#~ "PowerPC.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " path: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
#~ " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
#~ " let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid "
|
|
#~ "path: {err}\"))?;\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
#~ " if dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n"
|
|
#~ " if dirent.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
|
|
#~ " return None;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
|
|
#~ " // terminated.\n"
|
|
#~ " let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name."
|
|
#~ "as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
#~ " let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(os_str.to_owned())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
#~ " if !self.dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"no-such-directory\");\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(iter.is_err());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_empty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
|
|
#~ " )?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " entries.sort();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\"]);\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo "
|
|
#~ "Diaries\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"<PNG>\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
|
|
#~ " )?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " entries.sort();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\", \"bar.png\", \"crab.rs\", "
|
|
#~ "\"foo.txt\"]);\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "mod ffi {\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]]\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort, c_uchar};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Tip opac. A se vedea https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct struct DIR {\n"
|
|
#~ " _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
#~ " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::"
|
|
#~ "PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Dispunere în conformitate cu pagina de manual Linux pentru "
|
|
#~ "readdir(3), unde ino_t și\n"
|
|
#~ " // off_t sunt rezolvate în conformitate cu definițiile din\n"
|
|
#~ " // /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/{sys/types.h, bits/typesizes.h}.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct struct dirent {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_ino: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_off: c_long,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_type: c_uchar,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Dispunere în conformitate cu pagina de manual macOS pentru "
|
|
#~ "dir(5).\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\"))]]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct struct dirent {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_fileno: u64,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_type: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(not(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = "
|
|
#~ "\"x86_64\")))])]]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // A se vedea https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/issues/414 și "
|
|
#~ "secțiunea privind\n"
|
|
#~ " // _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE în pagina de manual macOS pentru "
|
|
#~ "stat(2).\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " // \"Platformele care existau înainte ca aceste actualizări să "
|
|
#~ "fie disponibile\" se referă la\n"
|
|
#~ " // la macOS (spre deosebire de iOS / wearOS / etc.) pe Intel și "
|
|
#~ "PowerPC.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[cfg(all(target_os = \"macos\", target_arch = \"x86_64\"))]]\n"
|
|
#~ " #[link_name = \"readdir$INODE64\"]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " path: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Apelați opendir și returnați o valoare Ok dacă a funcționat,\n"
|
|
#~ " // în caz contrar, returnează Err cu un mesaj.\n"
|
|
#~ " let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid "
|
|
#~ "path: {err}\")))?;\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() nu poate fi NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr())) };\n"
|
|
#~ " if dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Iterator pentru DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Continuați să apelați readdir până când primim înapoi un "
|
|
#~ "pointer NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir nu este niciodată NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n"
|
|
#~ " if dirent.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Am ajuns la sfârșitul directorului.\n"
|
|
#~ " return None;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: dirent nu este NULL și dirent.d_name este NUL\n"
|
|
#~ " // terminat.\n"
|
|
#~ " let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name."
|
|
#~ "as_ptr())) };\n"
|
|
#~ " let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(os_str.to_owned())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Cheamă closedir după cum este necesar.\n"
|
|
#~ " if !self.dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir nu este NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Rezultat<(), String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"nu-nu-este-un-directoriu\");\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(iter.is_err());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_teste_directoriu_vid() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> "
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
|
|
#~ " )?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " entries.sort();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"...\"]);\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn "
|
|
#~ "Error>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo "
|
|
#~ "Diaries\\n\")?\n"
|
|
#~ " std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"<PNG>\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
|
|
#~ " )?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " entries.sort();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"...\", \"bar.png\", \"crab."
|
|
#~ "rs\", \"foo.txt\"]);\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok((())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
#~ "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::cmp::{max, min};\n"
|
|
#~ "use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::hal::Timer;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::Board;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n"
|
|
#~ "const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[entry]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " board.UARTE0,\n"
|
|
#~ " board.uart.into(),\n"
|
|
#~ " Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
|
|
#~ " Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), "
|
|
#~ "FREQUENCY_A::K100);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n"
|
|
#~ " imu.init().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Set up display and timer.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut button_pressed = false;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
#~ " while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n"
|
|
#~ " && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n"
|
|
#~ " {}\n"
|
|
#~ " let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(\n"
|
|
#~ " serial,\n"
|
|
#~ " \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " compass_reading.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " compass_reading.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " compass_reading.z,\n"
|
|
#~ " accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " accelerometer_reading.z,\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n"
|
|
#~ " let (x, y) = match mode {\n"
|
|
#~ " Mode::Compass => (\n"
|
|
#~ " scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, "
|
|
#~ "0, 4) as usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, "
|
|
#~ "0, 4) as usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " ),\n"
|
|
#~ " Mode::Accelerometer => (\n"
|
|
#~ " scale(\n"
|
|
#~ " accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
#~ " ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
#~ " 0,\n"
|
|
#~ " 4,\n"
|
|
#~ " ) as usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " scale(\n"
|
|
#~ " -accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
#~ " ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
#~ " 0,\n"
|
|
#~ " 4,\n"
|
|
#~ " ) as usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " ),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " image[y][x] = 255;\n"
|
|
#~ " display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly "
|
|
#~ "blink all LEDs on.\n"
|
|
#~ " if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
#~ " if !button_pressed {\n"
|
|
#~ " mode = mode.next();\n"
|
|
#~ " display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " button_pressed = true;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " button_pressed = false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Mode {\n"
|
|
#~ " Compass,\n"
|
|
#~ " Accelerometer,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Mode {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: "
|
|
#~ "i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n"
|
|
#~ " let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n"
|
|
#~ " cap(\n"
|
|
#~ " min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n"
|
|
#~ " min_out,\n"
|
|
#~ " max_out,\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
#~ "use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::cmp::{max, min};\n"
|
|
#~ "use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::hal::Timer;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n"
|
|
#~ "use microbit::Board;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n"
|
|
#~ "const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[intrare]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configurați portul serial.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " board.UARTE0,\n"
|
|
#~ " board.uart.into(),\n"
|
|
#~ " Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
|
|
#~ " Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configurați controlerul I2C și unitatea de măsurare inerțială.\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), "
|
|
#~ "FREQUENCY_A::K100);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n"
|
|
#~ " imu.init().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Configurați afișajul și cronometrul.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut button_pressed = false;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Citiți datele busolei și înregistrați-le pe portul serial.\n"
|
|
#~ " while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n"
|
|
#~ " && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n"
|
|
#~ " {}\n"
|
|
#~ " let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(\n"
|
|
#~ " serial,\n"
|
|
#~ " \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " compass_reading.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " compass_reading.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " compass_reading.z,\n"
|
|
#~ " accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " accelerometer_reading.z,\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n"
|
|
#~ " let (x, y) = match mode {\n"
|
|
#~ " Mode::Compass => (\n"
|
|
#~ " scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, "
|
|
#~ "0, 4) as usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, "
|
|
#~ "0, 4) as usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " ),\n"
|
|
#~ " Mode::Accelerometer => (\n"
|
|
#~ " scale(\n"
|
|
#~ " accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
#~ " ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
#~ " 0,\n"
|
|
#~ " 4,\n"
|
|
#~ " ) ca usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " scale(\n"
|
|
#~ " -accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
#~ " ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
#~ " 0,\n"
|
|
#~ " 4,\n"
|
|
#~ " ) ca usize,\n"
|
|
#~ " ),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " image[y][x] = 255;\n"
|
|
#~ " display.show(&mut timer, imagine, 100);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Dacă este apăsat butonul A, se trece la modul următor și se "
|
|
#~ "aprind pentru scurt timp toate LED-urile.\n"
|
|
#~ " if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
#~ " if !button_pressed {\n"
|
|
#~ " mode = mode.next();\n"
|
|
#~ " display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5]; 5], 200);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " button_pressed = true;\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " button_pressed = false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Mode {\n"
|
|
#~ " Compass,\n"
|
|
#~ " Accelerometru,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Mode {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " se potrivește cu self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: "
|
|
#~ "i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n"
|
|
#~ " let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n"
|
|
#~ " cap(\n"
|
|
#~ " min_out + range_out * (valoare - min_in) / range_in,\n"
|
|
#~ " min_out,\n"
|
|
#~ " max_out,\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " max(min_valoare, min(valoare, max_valoare))\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod logger;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod pl011;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod pl031;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n"
|
|
#~ "use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n"
|
|
#~ "use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::hint::spin_loop;\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
|
|
#~ "const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 "
|
|
#~ "device,\n"
|
|
#~ " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
#~ " let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the "
|
|
#~ "base\n"
|
|
#~ " // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, "
|
|
#~ "and\n"
|
|
#~ " // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, "
|
|
#~ "GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " gic.setup();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 "
|
|
#~ "device,\n"
|
|
#~ " // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " let timestamp = rtc.read();\n"
|
|
#~ " let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n"
|
|
#~ " gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n"
|
|
#~ " gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n"
|
|
#~ " irq_enable();\n"
|
|
#~ " gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n"
|
|
#~ " let target = timestamp + 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.set_match(target);\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " trace!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " while !rtc.matched() {\n"
|
|
#~ " spin_loop();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " trace!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n"
|
|
#~ " let target = timestamp + 6;\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.set_match(target);\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.clear_interrupt();\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n"
|
|
#~ " trace!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n"
|
|
#~ " wfi();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " trace!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_main]\n"
|
|
#~ "#![no_std]\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "excepții mod;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod logger;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod pl011;\n"
|
|
#~ "mod pl031;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n"
|
|
#~ "use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n"
|
|
#~ "use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::hint::spin_loop;\n"
|
|
#~ "use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
#~ "use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
#~ "use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
#~ "use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Adresele de bază ale GICv3.\n"
|
|
#~ "const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 ca _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Adresa de bază a UART primară PL011.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Adresa de bază a RTC PL031.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
#~ "/// IRQ-ul utilizat de PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
#~ "const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` este adresa de bază a unui "
|
|
#~ "dispozitiv PL011,\n"
|
|
#~ " // și nimic altceva nu accesează acest interval de adrese.\n"
|
|
#~ " let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` și `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` "
|
|
#~ "reprezintă baza\n"
|
|
#~ " // adrese ale unui distribuitor și, respectiv, redistribuitor GICv3, "
|
|
#~ "iar\n"
|
|
#~ " // nimic altceva nu accesează aceste intervale de adrese.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, "
|
|
#~ "GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " gic.setup();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` este adresa de bază a unui "
|
|
#~ "dispozitiv PL031,\n"
|
|
#~ " // și nimic altceva nu accesează acest interval de adrese.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
#~ " let timestamp = rtc.read();\n"
|
|
#~ " let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n"
|
|
#~ " gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n"
|
|
#~ " gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n"
|
|
#~ " irq_enable();\n"
|
|
#~ " gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Așteptați timp de 3 secunde, fără întreruperi.\n"
|
|
#~ " let target = timestamp + 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.set_match(target);\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " trace!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " while !rtc.matched() {\n"
|
|
#~ " spin_loop();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " trace!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Așteptați încă 3 secunde pentru o întrerupere.\n"
|
|
#~ " let target = timestamp + 6;\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.set_match(target);\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.clear_interrupt();\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n"
|
|
#~ " trace!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n"
|
|
#~ " wfi();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " trace!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
#~ " rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ " info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
#~ " error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " system_off:::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " bucla {}\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Registers {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Data register\n"
|
|
#~ " dr: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Match register\n"
|
|
#~ " mr: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Load register\n"
|
|
#~ " lr: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Control register\n"
|
|
#~ " cr: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
|
|
#~ " imsc: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
#~ " ris: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
#~ " mis: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
|
|
#~ " icr: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Rtc {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Rtc {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at "
|
|
#~ "the\n"
|
|
#~ " /// given base address.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// # Safety\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers "
|
|
#~ "of a\n"
|
|
#~ " /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the "
|
|
#~ "process\n"
|
|
#~ " /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an "
|
|
#~ "interrupt\n"
|
|
#~ " /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr)."
|
|
#~ "write_volatile(value) }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether "
|
|
#~ "or not\n"
|
|
#~ " /// the interrupt is enabled.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris)."
|
|
#~ "read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
#~ " (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// This should be true if and only if `matched` returns true and "
|
|
#~ "the\n"
|
|
#~ " /// interrupt is masked.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis)."
|
|
#~ "read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
#~ " (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false "
|
|
#~ "the\n"
|
|
#~ " /// interrupt is disabled.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc)."
|
|
#~ "write_volatile(imsc) }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the "
|
|
#~ "control\n"
|
|
#~ " // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr)."
|
|
#~ "write_volatile(0x01) }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can "
|
|
#~ "be\n"
|
|
#~ "// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Registers {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Registru de date\n"
|
|
#~ " dr: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Registru de corespondență\n"
|
|
#~ " mr: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Registru de încărcare\n"
|
|
#~ " lr: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Registrul de control\n"
|
|
#~ " cr: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Registru de setare sau ștergere a măștii de întrerupere\n"
|
|
#~ " imsc: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Starea brută a întreruperii\n"
|
|
#~ " ris: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Starea de întrerupere mascată\n"
|
|
#~ " mis: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Registrul de ștergere a întreruperii\n"
|
|
#~ " icr: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "/// Driver pentru un ceas de timp real PL031.\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Rtc {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Rtc {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Construiește o nouă instanță a driverului RTC pentru un "
|
|
#~ "dispozitiv PL031 la nivelul\n"
|
|
#~ " /// adresa de bază dată.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// # Siguranță\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Adresa de bază dată trebuie să indice registrele de control MMIO "
|
|
#~ "ale unui dispozitiv de tip\n"
|
|
#~ " /// dispozitiv PL031, care trebuie să fie mapate în spațiul de adrese "
|
|
#~ "al procesului\n"
|
|
#~ " /// ca memorie a dispozitivului și să nu aibă alte alias-uri.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Citește valoarea RTC curentă.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că self.registers indică controlul\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL031 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() } }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Scrie o valoare de potrivire. Atunci când valoarea RTC se "
|
|
#~ "potrivește cu aceasta, atunci o întrerupere\n"
|
|
#~ " /// va fi generată (dacă este activată).\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că self.registers indică controlul\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL031 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr)."
|
|
#~ "write_volatile(value) } }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Returnează dacă registrul de potrivire se potrivește cu valoarea "
|
|
#~ "RTC, indiferent dacă este sau nu\n"
|
|
#~ " /// întreruperea este activată.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că self.registers indică controlul\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL031 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris)."
|
|
#~ "read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
#~ " (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Returnează dacă există în prezent o întrerupere în așteptare.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Acest lucru ar trebui să fie adevărat dacă și numai dacă "
|
|
#~ "`matched` returnează true și dacă\n"
|
|
#~ " /// întreruperea este mascată.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că self.registers indică controlul\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL031 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis)."
|
|
#~ "read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
#~ " (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Setează sau șterge masca de întrerupere.\n"
|
|
#~ " ///\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Când masca este adevărată, întreruperea este activată; când este "
|
|
#~ "falsă, întreruperea este activată\n"
|
|
#~ " /// întreruperea este dezactivată.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că self.registers indică controlul\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL031 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc)."
|
|
#~ "write_volatile(imsc) } }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Șterge o întrerupere în așteptare, dacă există.\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Sigur, deoarece știm că self.registers indică controlul\n"
|
|
#~ " // registre ale unui dispozitiv PL031 care este mapat "
|
|
#~ "corespunzător.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr)."
|
|
#~ "write_volatile(0x01) } }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "// Sigur, deoarece conține doar un pointer către memoria dispozitivului, "
|
|
#~ "care poate fi\n"
|
|
#~ "// accesată din orice context.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl Send pentru Rtc {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Fork;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
#~ " &[\"Socrates\", \"Hypatia\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", "
|
|
#~ "\"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..forks.len() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let tx = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()]);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
#~ " // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
#~ " // either of them.\n"
|
|
#~ " if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let philosopher = Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " thoughts: tx,\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork,\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
#~ " philosopher.eat();\n"
|
|
#~ " philosopher.think();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " drop(tx);\n"
|
|
#~ " for thought in rx {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thought}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Fork;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} are o idee nouă!\", &self."
|
|
#~ "name))\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
#~ " &[\"Socrate\", \"Hypatia\", \"Platon\", \"Aristotel\", "
|
|
#~ "\"Pitagora\"];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..forks.len() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let tx = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % forks."
|
|
#~ "len()])]);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Pentru a evita un blocaj, trebuie să rupem simetria\n"
|
|
#~ " // undeva. Acest lucru va schimba furcile fără a dezinitializa\n"
|
|
#~ " // niciuna dintre ele.\n"
|
|
#~ " if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let philosopher = Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " thoughts: tx,\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork,\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(move || {|\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
#~ " philosopher.eat();\n"
|
|
#~ " filosof.think();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " drop(tx);\n"
|
|
#~ " for thought in rx {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thought}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{sync::Arc, sync::Mutex, sync::mpsc, thread};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n"
|
|
#~ "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Error {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " BadResponse(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct CrawlCommand {\n"
|
|
#~ " url: Url,\n"
|
|
#~ " extract_links: bool,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> "
|
|
#~ "Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n"
|
|
#~ " let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if !response.status().is_success() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string()));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " if !command.extract_links {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Ok(link_urls);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
#~ " let body_text = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let href_values = document\n"
|
|
#~ " .select(&selector)\n"
|
|
#~ " .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " for href in href_values {\n"
|
|
#~ " match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_url) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " link_urls.push(link_url);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"On {base_url:#}: ignored unparsable {href:?}: "
|
|
#~ "{err}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_urls)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct CrawlState {\n"
|
|
#~ " domain: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " visited_pages: std::collections::HashSet<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl CrawlState {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(start_url: &Url) -> CrawlState {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut visited_pages = std::collections::HashSet::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " visited_pages.insert(start_url.as_str().to_string());\n"
|
|
#~ " CrawlState {\n"
|
|
#~ " domain: start_url.domain().unwrap().to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " visited_pages,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Determine whether links within the given page should be "
|
|
#~ "extracted.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn should_extract_links(&self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " let Some(url_domain) = url.domain() else {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " url_domain == self.domain\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Mark the given page as visited, returning false if it had "
|
|
#~ "already\n"
|
|
#~ " /// been visited.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn mark_visited(&mut self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.visited_pages.insert(url.as_str().to_string())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "type CrawlResult = Result<Vec<Url>, (Url, Error)>;\n"
|
|
#~ "fn spawn_crawler_threads(\n"
|
|
#~ " command_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<CrawlCommand>,\n"
|
|
#~ " result_sender: mpsc::Sender<CrawlResult>,\n"
|
|
#~ " thread_count: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ ") {\n"
|
|
#~ " let command_receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(command_receiver));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 0..thread_count {\n"
|
|
#~ " let result_sender = result_sender.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " let command_receiver = command_receiver.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
#~ " let client = Client::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " let command_result = {\n"
|
|
#~ " let receiver_guard = command_receiver.lock()."
|
|
#~ "unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " receiver_guard.recv()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let Ok(crawl_command) = command_result else {\n"
|
|
#~ " // The sender got dropped. No more commands coming "
|
|
#~ "in.\n"
|
|
#~ " break;\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let crawl_result = match visit_page(&client, "
|
|
#~ "&crawl_command) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_urls) => Ok(link_urls),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(error) => Err((crawl_command.url, error)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " result_sender.send(crawl_result).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn control_crawl(\n"
|
|
#~ " start_url: Url,\n"
|
|
#~ " command_sender: mpsc::Sender<CrawlCommand>,\n"
|
|
#~ " result_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<CrawlResult>,\n"
|
|
#~ ") -> Vec<Url> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut crawl_state = CrawlState::new(&start_url);\n"
|
|
#~ " let start_command = CrawlCommand { url: start_url, extract_links: "
|
|
#~ "true };\n"
|
|
#~ " command_sender.send(start_command).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut pending_urls = 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bad_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " while pending_urls > 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let crawl_result = result_receiver.recv().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " pending_urls -= 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " match crawl_result {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_urls) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " for url in link_urls {\n"
|
|
#~ " if crawl_state.mark_visited(&url) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let extract_links = crawl_state."
|
|
#~ "should_extract_links(&url);\n"
|
|
#~ " let crawl_command = CrawlCommand { url, "
|
|
#~ "extract_links };\n"
|
|
#~ " command_sender.send(crawl_command).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " pending_urls += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Err((url, error)) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " bad_urls.push(url);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Got crawling error: {:#}\", error);\n"
|
|
#~ " continue;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " bad_urls\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn check_links(start_url: Url) -> Vec<Url> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (result_sender, result_receiver) = mpsc::channel::"
|
|
#~ "<CrawlResult>();\n"
|
|
#~ " let (command_sender, command_receiver) = mpsc::channel::"
|
|
#~ "<CrawlCommand>();\n"
|
|
#~ " spawn_crawler_threads(command_receiver, result_sender, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ " control_crawl(start_url, command_sender, result_receiver)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let start_url = reqwest::Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\")."
|
|
#~ "unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let bad_urls = check_links(start_url);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bad URLs: {:#?}\", bad_urls);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{sync::Arc, sync::Mutex, sync::mpsc, thread};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest::{blocking::Client, Url};\n"
|
|
#~ "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Error {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " ReqwestError(#[din] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"bad http response: {0}\")]]\n"
|
|
#~ " BadResponse(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct CrawlCommand {\n"
|
|
#~ " url: Url,\n"
|
|
#~ " extract_links: bool,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn visit_page(client: &Client, command: &CrawlCommand) -> "
|
|
#~ "Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Checking {:#}\", command.url);\n"
|
|
#~ " let response = client.get(command.url.clone()).send()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if !response.status().is_succes() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(Error::BadResponse(response.status().to_string())));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut link_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " if !command.extract_links {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Ok(link_urls);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
#~ " let body_text = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let document = Html::parse_document(&body_text);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let href_values = document\n"
|
|
#~ " .select(&selector)\n"
|
|
#~ " .filter_map(|element| element.value().attr(\"href\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " for href in href_values {\n"
|
|
#~ " match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_url) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " link_urls.push(link_url);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Pe {base_url:#}: ignorat unparsable {href:?}: "
|
|
#~ "{err}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_urls)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct CrawlState {\n"
|
|
#~ " domain: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " visited_pages: std::collections::HashSet<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl CrawlState {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(start_url: &Url) -> CrawlState {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut visited_pages = std::collections::HashSet::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " visited_pages.insert(start_url.as_str().to_string());\n"
|
|
#~ " CrawlState {\n"
|
|
#~ " domain: start_url.domain().unwrap().to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " visited_pages,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Determină dacă legăturile din pagina dată trebuie extrase.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn should_extract_links(&self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " let Some(url_domain) = url.domain() else {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " url_domain == self.domain\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Marchează pagina dată ca fiind vizitată, returnând false dacă "
|
|
#~ "aceasta a fost deja vizitată\n"
|
|
#~ " /// fost vizitată.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn mark_visited(&mut self, url: &Url) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.visited_pages.insert(url.as_str().to_string()))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "type CrawlResult = Result<Vec<Url>, (Url, Error)>;\n"
|
|
#~ "fn spawn_crawler_threads(\n"
|
|
#~ " command_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<CrawlCommand>,\n"
|
|
#~ " result_sender: mpsc::Sender<CrawlResult>,\n"
|
|
#~ " thread_count: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ ") {\n"
|
|
#~ " let command_receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(command_receiver));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 0..thread_count {\n"
|
|
#~ " let result_sender = result_sender.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " let command_receiver = command_receiver.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(move || {| {\n"
|
|
#~ " let client = Client::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " let command_result = {\n"
|
|
#~ " let receiver_guard = command_receiver.lock()."
|
|
#~ "unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " receiver_guard.recv()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let Ok(crawl_command) = command_result else {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Expeditorul a fost abandonat. Nu mai vin comenzi.\n"
|
|
#~ " break;\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " let crawl_result = match visit_page(&client, &"
|
|
#~ "crawl_comandă) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_urls) => Ok(link_urls),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(error) => Err((crawl_comand.url, error)),\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " result_sender.send(crawl_result).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn control_crawl(\n"
|
|
#~ " start_url: Url,\n"
|
|
#~ " command_sender: mpsc::Sender<CrawlCommand>,\n"
|
|
#~ " result_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<CrawlResult>,\n"
|
|
#~ ") -> Vec<Url> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut crawl_state = CrawlState::new(&start_url);\n"
|
|
#~ " let start_command = CrawlCommand { url: start_url, extract_links: "
|
|
#~ "true };\n"
|
|
#~ " command_sender.send(start_command).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut pending_urls = 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bad_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " while pending_urls > 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let crawl_result = result_receiver.recv().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " pending_urls -= 1;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " match crawl_result {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(link_urls) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " for url in link_urls {\n"
|
|
#~ " if crawl_state.mark_visited(&url) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let extract_links = crawl_state."
|
|
#~ "should_extract_links(&url);\n"
|
|
#~ " let crawl_command = CrawlCommand { url, "
|
|
#~ "extract_links };\n"
|
|
#~ " command_sender.send(crawl_command).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " pending_urls += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Err((url, error))) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " bad_urls.push(url);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Am primit o eroare de crawling: {:#}\", "
|
|
#~ "error);\n"
|
|
#~ " continuă;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " bad_urls\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn check_links(start_url: Url) -> Vec<Url> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (result_sender, result_receiver) = mpsc::channel:::"
|
|
#~ "<CrawlResult>();\n"
|
|
#~ " let (command_sender, command_receiver) = mpsc::channel:::"
|
|
#~ "<CrawlCommand>();\n"
|
|
#~ " spawn_crawler_threads(command_receiver, result_sender, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ " control_crawl(start_url, command_sender, result_receiver)\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let start_url = reqwest::Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\")."
|
|
#~ "unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let bad_urls = check_links(start_url);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"URL-uri proaste: {:#?}\", bad_urls);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Fork;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " thoughts: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))."
|
|
#~ "await\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
#~ " let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n"
|
|
#~ " // Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the "
|
|
#~ "execution\n"
|
|
#~ " // to transfer to another task\n"
|
|
#~ " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // The locks are dropped here\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
#~ " &[\"Socrates\", \"Hypatia\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", "
|
|
#~ "\"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Create forks\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut forks = vec![];\n"
|
|
#~ " (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::"
|
|
#~ "new(Fork))));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Create philosophers\n"
|
|
#~ " let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut philosophers = vec![];\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n"
|
|
#~ " let right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS."
|
|
#~ "len()]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
#~ " // somewhere. This will swap the forks without "
|
|
#~ "deinitializing\n"
|
|
#~ " // either of them.\n"
|
|
#~ " if i == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: name.to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork,\n"
|
|
#~ " thoughts: tx.clone(),\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " (philosophers, rx)\n"
|
|
#~ " // tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it "
|
|
#~ "later\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
#~ " for phil in philosophers {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
#~ " phil.think().await;\n"
|
|
#~ " phil.eat().await;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Here is a thought: {thought}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "folosiți std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Fork;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " thoughts: Expeditor<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Filozof {\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} are o idee nouă!\", &self."
|
|
#~ "name)).await\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " async fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Ridică furculițele...\n"
|
|
#~ " let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n"
|
|
#~ " // Adăugați o întârziere înainte de a alege a doua furculiță "
|
|
#~ "pentru a permite execuția\n"
|
|
#~ " // să fie transferată către o altă sarcină\n"
|
|
#~ " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ " let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Încuietorile sunt abandonate aici\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
#~ " &[\"Socrate\", \"Hypatia\", \"Platon\", \"Aristotel\", "
|
|
#~ "\"Pitagora\"];\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Creează furci\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut forks = vec![];\n"
|
|
#~ " (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::"
|
|
#~ "new(Fork))));\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Creați filozofii\n"
|
|
#~ " let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut philosophers = vec![];\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let left_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[i]);\n"
|
|
#~ " let right_fork = Arc::clone(&forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS."
|
|
#~ "len()])]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // Pentru a evita un blocaj, trebuie să rupem simetria\n"
|
|
#~ " // undeva. Acest lucru va schimba furcile fără a "
|
|
#~ "dezinitializa\n"
|
|
#~ " // niciuna dintre ele.\n"
|
|
#~ " if i == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: name.to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork,\n"
|
|
#~ " gânduri: tx.clone(),\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " (filosofi, rx)\n"
|
|
#~ " // tx este eliminat aici, astfel încât nu trebuie să îl eliminăm "
|
|
#~ "în mod explicit mai târziu\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Fă-i să gândească și să mănânce\n"
|
|
#~ " for phil in philosophers {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
#~ " phil.think().await;\n"
|
|
#~ " phil.eat().await;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Afișează gândurile lor\n"
|
|
#~ " while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Iată un gând: {thought}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::stream::StreamExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn handle_connection(\n"
|
|
#~ " addr: SocketAddr,\n"
|
|
#~ " mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
|
|
#~ " bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ ") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " ws_stream\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(Message::text(\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\".into()))\n"
|
|
#~ " .await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) "
|
|
#~ "receiving\n"
|
|
#~ " // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) "
|
|
#~ "receiving\n"
|
|
#~ " // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
#~ " incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
|
|
#~ " match incoming {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(text) = msg.as_text() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"From client {addr:?} {text:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " bcast_tx.send(text.into())?;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => return Ok(()),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n"
|
|
#~ " ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
|
|
#~ " let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::stream::StreamExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn handle_connection(\n"
|
|
#~ " addr: SocketAddr,\n"
|
|
#~ " mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
|
|
#~ " bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ ") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " ws_stream\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(Message::text(\"Bine ați venit pe chat! Introduceți un "
|
|
#~ "mesaj\".into())))\n"
|
|
#~ " .await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // O buclă continuă pentru efectuarea concomitentă a două sarcini: "
|
|
#~ "(1) primirea\n"
|
|
#~ " // mesaje de la `ws_stream` și difuzarea acestora și (2) primirea\n"
|
|
#~ " // mesaje pe `bcast_rx` și trimiterea lor către client.\n"
|
|
#~ " buclă {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
#~ " incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
|
|
#~ " match incoming {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(text) = msg.as_text() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"De la client {addr:?} "
|
|
#~ "{text:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " bcast_tx.send(text.into())?;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(Err(err(err)) => return Err(err.into())),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => return Ok((()),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n"
|
|
#~ " ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"ascultând pe portul 2000\");\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Conexiune nouă de la {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Înfășurați fluxul TCP brut într-un websocket.\n"
|
|
#~ " let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::stream::StreamExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use http::Uri;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (mut ws_stream, _) =\n"
|
|
#~ " ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::"
|
|
#~ "from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " .connect()\n"
|
|
#~ " .await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
#~ " incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
|
|
#~ " match incoming {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(text) = msg.as_text() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"From server: {}\", text);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => return Ok(()),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " res = stdin.next_line() => {\n"
|
|
#~ " match res {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(None) => return Ok(()),\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(Some(line)) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line."
|
|
#~ "to_string())).await?,\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::stream::StreamExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
#~ "use http::Uri;\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
|
|
#~ "use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ "#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
#~ "async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (mut ws_stream, _) =\n"
|
|
#~ " ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::"
|
|
#~ "from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\")))\n"
|
|
#~ " .connect()\n"
|
|
#~ " .await?;\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin).lines();\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " // Bucla continuă pentru trimiterea și primirea simultană de mesaje.\n"
|
|
#~ " loop {\n"
|
|
#~ " tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
#~ " incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
|
|
#~ " match incoming {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(text) = msg.as_text() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"De la server: {}\", text);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " },\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(Err(err(err))) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => return Ok((()),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " res = stdin.next_line() => {\n"
|
|
#~ " match res {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(None) => return Ok((()),\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(Some(line)) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line."
|
|
#~ "to_string())).await?,\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "At this point, the instructor should switch to the [CXX tutorial](https://"
|
|
#~ "cxx.rs/tutorial.html)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "În acest moment, instructorul ar trebui să treacă la [tutorialul CXX]"
|
|
#~ "(https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html)."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid "Walk the students through the tutorial step by step."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Îndrumați-i pe elevi prin tutorial pas cu pas."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Highlight how CXX presents a clean interface without unsafe code in _both "
|
|
#~ "languages_."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Evidențiați modul în care CXX prezintă o interfață curată fără cod "
|
|
#~ "nesigur în _ambele limbaje_."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Explain how a Rust `String` cannot map to a C++ `std::string` (the latter "
|
|
#~ "does not uphold the UTF-8 invariant). Show that despite being different "
|
|
#~ "types, `rust::String` in C++ can be easily constructed from a C++ `std::"
|
|
#~ "string`, making it very ergonomic to use."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Explicați de ce un `String` din Rust nu poate fi mapat cu un `std::"
|
|
#~ "string` din C++ (acesta din urmă nu respectă invarianta UTF-8). Arătați "
|
|
#~ "că, în ciuda faptului că sunt tipuri diferite, `rust::String` în C++ "
|
|
#~ "poate fi construit cu ușurință dintr-un `std::string` din C++, ceea ce îl "
|
|
#~ "face foarte ergonomic de utilizat."
|
|
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Explain that a Rust function returning `Result<T, E>` becomes a function "
|
|
#~ "which throws a `E` exception in C++ (and vice versa)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Explicați că o funcție Rust care returnează `Result<T, E>` devine o "
|
|
#~ "funcție care aruncă o excepție `E` în C++ (și viceversa)."
|