mirror of
https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust.git
synced 2024-12-14 22:15:54 +02:00
26900 lines
880 KiB
Plaintext
26900 lines
880 KiB
Plaintext
msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: Comprehensive Rust 🦀\n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: \n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-05-25 16:33+0100\n"
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"Last-Translator: \n"
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"Language-Team: \n"
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"Language: pt_BR\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"
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"X-Generator: Poedit 3.3.1\n"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:3
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msgid "Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
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msgstr "Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:4
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msgid "Running the Course"
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msgstr "Executando o Curso"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:5
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msgid "Course Structure"
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msgstr "Estrutura do Curso"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:6
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msgid "Keyboard Shortcuts"
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msgstr "Atalhos do Teclado"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:7
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msgid "Translations"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:8
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msgid "Using Cargo"
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msgstr "Usando o Cargo"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:9
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msgid "Rust Ecosystem"
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msgstr "O Ecossistema do Rust"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:10
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msgid "Code Samples"
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msgstr "Amostras de Código"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:11
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msgid "Running Cargo Locally"
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msgstr "Executando o Cargo Localmente"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:14
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msgid "Day 1: Morning"
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msgstr "Dia 1: Manhã"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:18 src/SUMMARY.md:75 src/SUMMARY.md:128 src/SUMMARY.md:185
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:211 src/SUMMARY.md:259
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msgid "Welcome"
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msgstr "Bem-vindo"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:19
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msgid "What is Rust?"
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msgstr "O que é Rust?"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:20
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msgid "Hello World!"
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msgstr "Olá Mundo!"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:21
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msgid "Small Example"
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msgstr "Um Pequeno Exemplo"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:22
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msgid "Why Rust?"
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msgstr "Por que Rust?"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:23
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msgid "Compile Time Guarantees"
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msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Compilação"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:24
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msgid "Runtime Guarantees"
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msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Execução"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:25
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msgid "Modern Features"
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msgstr "Recursos Modernos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:26
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msgid "Basic Syntax"
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msgstr "Sintaxe Básica"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:27
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msgid "Scalar Types"
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msgstr "Tipos Escalares"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:28
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msgid "Compound Types"
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msgstr "Tipos Compostos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:29
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msgid "References"
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msgstr "Referências"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:30
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msgid "Dangling References"
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msgstr "Referências Pendentes"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:31
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msgid "Slices"
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msgstr "Slices"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:32
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msgid "String vs str"
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msgstr "String vs str"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:33
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msgid "Functions"
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msgstr "Funções"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:34
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msgid "Rustdoc"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:35 src/SUMMARY.md:82
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msgid "Methods"
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msgstr "Métodos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:36
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msgid "Overloading"
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msgstr "Sobrecarga"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:37 src/SUMMARY.md:66 src/SUMMARY.md:90 src/SUMMARY.md:119
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:148 src/SUMMARY.md:177 src/SUMMARY.md:204 src/SUMMARY.md:225
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:251 src/SUMMARY.md:273 src/SUMMARY.md:293
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msgid "Exercises"
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msgstr "Exercícios"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:38
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msgid "Implicit Conversions"
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msgstr "Conversões Implícitas"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:39
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msgid "Arrays and for Loops"
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msgstr "Vetores e Laços For"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:41
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msgid "Day 1: Afternoon"
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msgstr "Dia 1: Tarde"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:43
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msgid "Variables"
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msgstr "Variáveis"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:44
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msgid "Type Inference"
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msgstr "Inferência de Tipo"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:45
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msgid "static & const"
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msgstr "static & const"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:46
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msgid "Scopes and Shadowing"
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msgstr "Escopos e Sobreposição"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:47
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msgid "Memory Management"
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msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:48
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msgid "Stack vs Heap"
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msgstr "Stack vs Heap"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:49
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msgid "Stack Memory"
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msgstr "Memória de Pilha"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:50
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msgid "Manual Memory Management"
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msgstr "Gerenciamento Manual de Memória"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:51
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msgid "Scope-Based Memory Management"
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msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória Baseado em Escopo"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:52
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msgid "Garbage Collection"
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msgstr "Garbage Collection (Coletor de lixo)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:53
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msgid "Rust Memory Management"
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msgstr "Gerenciamento de Memória do Rust"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:54
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msgid "Comparison"
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msgstr "Comparação"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:55
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msgid "Ownership"
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msgstr "Ownership"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:56
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msgid "Move Semantics"
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msgstr "Semântica do move (mover)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:57
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msgid "Moved Strings in Rust"
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msgstr "Strings Movidas em Rust"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:58
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msgid "Double Frees in Modern C++"
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msgstr "Liberações Duplas em C++ Moderno"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:59
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msgid "Moves in Function Calls"
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msgstr "Move em Chamadas de Função"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:60
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msgid "Copying and Cloning"
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msgstr "Copiar e Clonar"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:61
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msgid "Borrowing"
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msgstr "Empréstimo"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:62
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msgid "Shared and Unique Borrows"
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msgstr "Empréstimos Compartilhados e Únicos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:63
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msgid "Lifetimes"
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msgstr "Tempos de Vida (Lifetimes)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:64
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msgid "Lifetimes in Function Calls"
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msgstr "Tempos de vida (Lifetimes) em Chamadas de Função"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:65
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msgid "Lifetimes in Data Structures"
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msgstr "Tempos de Vida em Estruturas de Dados"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:67
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msgid "Designing a Library"
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msgstr "Projetando uma Biblioteca"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:68
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msgid "Iterators and Ownership"
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msgstr "Iteradores e Propriedade (Ownership)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:71
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msgid "Day 2: Morning"
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msgstr "Dia 2: Manhã"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:76
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msgid "Structs"
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msgstr "Structs"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:77
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msgid "Tuple Structs"
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msgstr "Structs como Tuplas"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:78
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msgid "Field Shorthand Syntax"
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msgstr "Sintaxe Abreviada de Campos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:79
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msgid "Enums"
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msgstr "Enumerações (Enums)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:80
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msgid "Variant Payloads"
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msgstr "Variantes de Carga Útil (payload)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:81
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msgid "Enum Sizes"
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msgstr "Tamanhos de Enum"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:83
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msgid "Method Receiver"
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msgstr "Receptor de Método"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:84 src/SUMMARY.md:159 src/SUMMARY.md:272
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msgid "Example"
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msgstr "Exemplo"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:85
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msgid "Pattern Matching"
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msgstr "Correspondência de Padrões"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:86
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msgid "Destructuring Enums"
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msgstr "Desestruturando Enums"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:87
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msgid "Destructuring Structs"
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msgstr "Desestruturando Structs"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:88
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msgid "Destructuring Arrays"
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msgstr "Desestruturando Vetores"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:89
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msgid "Match Guards"
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msgstr "Guardas de Correspondência (match)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:91
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msgid "Health Statistics"
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msgstr "Estatísticas de Saúde"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:92
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msgid "Points and Polygons"
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msgstr "Pontos e Polígonos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:94
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msgid "Day 2: Afternoon"
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msgstr "Dia 2: Tarde"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:96 src/SUMMARY.md:286
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msgid "Control Flow"
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msgstr "Controle de Fluxo"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:97
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msgid "Blocks"
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msgstr "Blocos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:98
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msgid "if expressions"
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msgstr "Expressões Se (if)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:99
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msgid "if let expressions"
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msgstr "Expressões Se (if let)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:100
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msgid "while expressions"
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msgstr "Expressões Enquanto (while)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:101
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msgid "while let expressions"
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msgstr "Expressões Enquanto (while let)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:102
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msgid "for expressions"
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msgstr "Expressões Para (for)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:103
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msgid "loop expressions"
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msgstr "Expressões de Laço (loop)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:104
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msgid "match expressions"
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msgstr "Expressões de Correspondência (match)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:105
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msgid "break & continue"
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msgstr "break e continue"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:106
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msgid "Standard Library"
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msgstr "Biblioteca Padrão"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:107
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msgid "Option and Result"
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msgstr "Option e Result"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:108
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msgid "String"
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msgstr "String"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:109
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msgid "Vec"
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msgstr "Vec"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:110
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msgid "HashMap"
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msgstr "HashMap"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:111
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msgid "Box"
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msgstr "Box"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:112
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msgid "Recursive Data Types"
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msgstr "Tipos de Dados Recursivos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:113
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msgid "Niche Optimization"
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msgstr "Otimização de Nicho"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:114
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msgid "Rc"
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msgstr "Rc"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:115
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msgid "Modules"
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msgstr "Módulos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:116
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msgid "Visibility"
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msgstr "Visibilidade"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:117
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msgid "Paths"
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msgstr "Caminhos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:118
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msgid "Filesystem Hierarchy"
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msgstr "Hierarquia do Sistema de Arquivos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:120
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msgid "Luhn Algorithm"
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msgstr "Algoritmo de Luhn"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:121
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msgid "Strings and Iterators"
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msgstr "Strings e Iteradores"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:124
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msgid "Day 3: Morning"
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msgstr "Dia 3: Manhã"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:129
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msgid "Generics"
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msgstr "Generics"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:130
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msgid "Generic Data Types"
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msgstr "Tipos de Dados Genéricos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:131
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msgid "Generic Methods"
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msgstr "Métodos Genéricos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:132
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msgid "Monomorphization"
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msgstr "Monomorfização"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:133
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msgid "Traits"
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msgstr "Traits"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:134
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msgid "Trait Objects"
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msgstr "Objetos Trait"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:135
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msgid "Deriving Traits"
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msgstr "Traits Derivados"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:136
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msgid "Default Methods"
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msgstr "Métodos Padrão"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:137
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msgid "Trait Bounds"
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msgstr "Limites de trait"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:138
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msgid "impl Trait"
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msgstr "Trait impl"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:139
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msgid "Important Traits"
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msgstr "Traits Importantes"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:140
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msgid "Iterator"
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msgstr "Iterator"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:141
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msgid "FromIterator"
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msgstr "FromIterator"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:142
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msgid "From and Into"
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msgstr "From e Into"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:143
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msgid "Read and Write"
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msgstr "Read e Write"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:144
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msgid "Drop"
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msgstr "Drop"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:145
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msgid "Default"
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msgstr "Default"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:146
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#, fuzzy
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msgid "Operators: Add, Mul, ..."
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msgstr "Add, Mul, ..."
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:147
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msgid "Closures: Fn, FnMut, FnOnce"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:149
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msgid "A Simple GUI Library"
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msgstr "Uma Biblioteca GUI Simples"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:151
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msgid "Day 3: Afternoon"
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msgstr "Dia 3: Tarde"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:153
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msgid "Error Handling"
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msgstr "Manipulação de Erros"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:154
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msgid "Panics"
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msgstr "Panics (Pânico)"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:155
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msgid "Catching Stack Unwinding"
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msgstr "Capturando o Desenrolar da Pilha"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:156
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msgid "Structured Error Handling"
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msgstr "Tratamento Estruturado de Erros"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:157
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msgid "Propagating Errors with ?"
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msgstr "Propagando Erros com ?"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:158
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msgid "Converting Error Types"
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msgstr "Convertendo Tipos de Erro"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:160
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msgid "Deriving Error Enums"
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msgstr "Derivando Enums de Erro"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:161
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msgid "Dynamic Error Types"
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msgstr "Tipos de Erros Dinâmicos"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:162
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msgid "Adding Context to Errors"
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msgstr "Adicionando Contexto aos Erros"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:163
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msgid "Testing"
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msgstr "Testando"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:164
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msgid "Unit Tests"
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msgstr "Testes Unitários"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:165
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msgid "Test Modules"
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msgstr "Módulos de Teste"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:166
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msgid "Documentation Tests"
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msgstr "Testes de Documentação"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:167
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msgid "Integration Tests"
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msgstr "Testes de Integração"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:168
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msgid "Useful crates"
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msgstr ""
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:169
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msgid "Unsafe Rust"
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msgstr "Rust Inseguro (unsafe)"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:170
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msgid "Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
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msgstr "Desreferenciando Ponteiros Brutos"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:171
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msgid "Mutable Static Variables"
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msgstr "Variáveis Estáticas Mutáveis"
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|
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:172
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msgid "Unions"
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msgstr "Uniões"
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#: src/SUMMARY.md:173
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msgid "Calling Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Chamando Funções Inseguras"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:174
|
|
msgid "Writing Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Escrevendo Funções Inseguras"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:175
|
|
msgid "Extern Functions"
|
|
msgstr "Funções Externas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:176
|
|
msgid "Implementing Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "Implementando Traits Inseguros"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:178
|
|
msgid "Safe FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "Invólucro FFI seguro"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:181 src/SUMMARY.md:249
|
|
msgid "Android"
|
|
msgstr "Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:186
|
|
msgid "Setup"
|
|
msgstr "Configurar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:187
|
|
msgid "Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr "Regras de Construção"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:188
|
|
msgid "Binary"
|
|
msgstr "Binário"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:189
|
|
msgid "Library"
|
|
msgstr "Biblioteca"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:190
|
|
msgid "AIDL"
|
|
msgstr "AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:191
|
|
msgid "Interface"
|
|
msgstr "Interface"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:192
|
|
msgid "Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "Implementação"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:193
|
|
msgid "Server"
|
|
msgstr "Servidor"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:194
|
|
msgid "Deploy"
|
|
msgstr "Implantar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:195
|
|
msgid "Client"
|
|
msgstr "Cliente"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:196
|
|
msgid "Changing API"
|
|
msgstr "Alterando API"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:197 src/SUMMARY.md:240
|
|
msgid "Logging"
|
|
msgstr "Gerando Registros (Log)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:198
|
|
msgid "Interoperability"
|
|
msgstr "Interoperabilidade"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:199
|
|
msgid "With C"
|
|
msgstr "Com C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:200
|
|
msgid "Calling C with Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "Chamando C com Bindgen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:201
|
|
msgid "Calling Rust from C"
|
|
msgstr "Chamando Rust do C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:202
|
|
msgid "With C++"
|
|
msgstr "Com C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:203
|
|
msgid "With Java"
|
|
msgstr "Com Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:207
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Dia 1: Manhã"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:212
|
|
msgid "no_std"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:213
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "A Minimal Example"
|
|
msgstr "# Um pequeno exemplo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:214
|
|
msgid "alloc"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:215
|
|
msgid "Microcontrollers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:216
|
|
msgid "Raw MMIO"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:217
|
|
msgid "PACs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:218
|
|
msgid "HAL Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:219
|
|
msgid "Board Support Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:220
|
|
msgid "The Type State Pattern"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:221
|
|
msgid "embedded-hal"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:222
|
|
msgid "probe-rs, cargo-embed"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:223
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Debugging"
|
|
msgstr "Gerando Registros (Log)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:224 src/SUMMARY.md:242
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Other Projects"
|
|
msgstr "Outros recursos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:226
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Compass"
|
|
msgstr "Comparação"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:228
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Dia 1: Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:230
|
|
msgid "Application Processors"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:231
|
|
msgid "Inline Assembly"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:232
|
|
msgid "MMIO"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:233
|
|
msgid "Let's Write a UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:234
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "More Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Traits (Características)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:235
|
|
msgid "A Better UART Driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:236
|
|
msgid "Bitflags"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:237
|
|
msgid "Multiple Registers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:238
|
|
msgid "Driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:239 src/SUMMARY.md:241
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Using It"
|
|
msgstr "Usando o Cargo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:243
|
|
msgid "Useful Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:244
|
|
msgid "zerocopy"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:245
|
|
msgid "aarch64-paging"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:246
|
|
msgid "buddy_system_allocator"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:247
|
|
msgid "tinyvec"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:248
|
|
msgid "spin"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:250
|
|
msgid "vmbase"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:252
|
|
msgid "RTC Driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:255
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Concurrency: Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Concorrência"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:260
|
|
msgid "Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Threads"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:261
|
|
msgid "Scoped Threads"
|
|
msgstr "Threads com Escopo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:262
|
|
msgid "Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canais (channels)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:263
|
|
msgid "Unbounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canais Ilimitados"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:264
|
|
msgid "Bounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "Canais Delimitados"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:265
|
|
msgid "Send and Sync"
|
|
msgstr "Send e Sync"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:265
|
|
msgid "Send"
|
|
msgstr "Send"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:265
|
|
msgid "Sync"
|
|
msgstr "Sync"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:268
|
|
msgid "Examples"
|
|
msgstr "Exemplos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:269
|
|
msgid "Shared State"
|
|
msgstr "Estado Compartilhado"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:270
|
|
msgid "Arc"
|
|
msgstr "Arc"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:271
|
|
msgid "Mutex"
|
|
msgstr "Mutex"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:274 src/SUMMARY.md:294
|
|
msgid "Dining Philosophers"
|
|
msgstr "Filósofos Jantando"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:275
|
|
msgid "Multi-threaded Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "Verificador de Links Multi-Threads"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:277
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Concurrency: Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Concorrência"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:279
|
|
msgid "Async Basics"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:280
|
|
msgid "async/await"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:281
|
|
msgid "Futures"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:282
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Runtimes"
|
|
msgstr "Garantias em Tempo de Execução"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:283
|
|
msgid "Tokio"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:284
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Tasks"
|
|
msgstr "## Tarefas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:285
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Async Channels"
|
|
msgstr "# Channels (Canais)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:287
|
|
msgid "Join"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:288
|
|
msgid "Select"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:289
|
|
msgid "Pitfalls"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:290
|
|
msgid "Blocking the Executor"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:291
|
|
msgid "Pin"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:292
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Async Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Traits (Características)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:295
|
|
msgid "Broadcast Chat Application"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:298
|
|
msgid "Final Words"
|
|
msgstr "Palavras Finais"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:302
|
|
msgid "Thanks!"
|
|
msgstr "Obrigado!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:303
|
|
msgid "Other Resources"
|
|
msgstr "Outros recursos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:304
|
|
msgid "Credits"
|
|
msgstr "Créditos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:307
|
|
msgid "Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "Soluções"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:312
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Dia 1 Manhã"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:313
|
|
msgid "Day 1 Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Dia 1 Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:314
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Dia 2 Manhã"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:315
|
|
msgid "Day 2 Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Dia 2 Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:316
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Dia 3 Manhã"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:317
|
|
msgid "Day 3 Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Dia 3 Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:318
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Morning"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:319
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Dia 1 Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:320
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Concurrency Morning"
|
|
msgstr "Concorrência"
|
|
|
|
#: src/SUMMARY.md:321
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Concurrency Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr "Concorrência"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:3
|
|
msgid "[](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:3
|
|
msgid "Build workflow"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amain)\n"
|
|
"[](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:4
|
|
msgid "GitHub contributors"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:4
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/graphs/contributors)\n"
|
|
"[](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[1]: https://source.android.com/docs/setup/download/downloading\n"
|
|
"[2]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust\n"
|
|
"[3]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/86\n"
|
|
"[4]: https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions/100"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:5
|
|
msgid "GitHub stars"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:5
|
|
msgid "[](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/stargazers)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a three day Rust course developed by the Android team. The course covers\n"
|
|
"the full spectrum of Rust, from basic syntax to advanced topics like generics\n"
|
|
"and error handling. It also includes Android-specific content on the last day."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este é um curso de Rust de quatro dias desenvolvido pela equipe do Android. O curso abrange\n"
|
|
"o espectro completo do Rust, desde a sintaxe básica até tópicos avançados como 'generics'\n"
|
|
"e tratamento de erros. Também inclui conteúdo específico para Android no último dia."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The goal of the course is to teach you Rust. We assume you don't know anything\n"
|
|
"about Rust and hope to:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O objetivo do curso é ensinar Rust a você. Nós assumimos que você não sabe nada\n"
|
|
"sobre Rust e esperamos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Give you a comprehensive understanding of the Rust syntax and language.\n"
|
|
"* Enable you to modify existing programs and write new programs in Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Show you common Rust idioms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Dar a você uma compreensão abrangente da linguagem e da sintaxe de Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Permitir que você modifique programas existentes e escreva novos programas em Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Demonstrar expressões idiomáticas comuns de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The first three days show you the fundamentals of Rust. Following this, you're\n"
|
|
"invited to dive into one or more specialized topics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [Android](android.md): a half-day course on using Rust for Android platform\n"
|
|
" development (AOSP). This includes interoperability with C, C++, and Java.\n"
|
|
"* [Bare-metal](bare-metal.md): a full day class on using Rust for bare-metal\n"
|
|
" (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application processors are\n"
|
|
" covered.\n"
|
|
"* [Concurrency](concurrency.md): a full day class on concurrency in Rust. We\n"
|
|
" cover both classical concurrency (preemptively scheduling using threads and\n"
|
|
" mutexes) and async/await concurrency (cooperative multitasking using\n"
|
|
" futures)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:32
|
|
msgid "## Non-Goals"
|
|
msgstr "## Fora do escopo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is a large language and we won't be able to cover all of it in a few days.\n"
|
|
"Some non-goals of this course are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust é uma linguagem extensa e não conseguiremos cobrir tudo em poucos dias.\n"
|
|
"Alguns assuntos que não são objetivos deste curso são:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Learn how to develop macros, please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust\n"
|
|
" Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by\n"
|
|
" Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A seguir, abordaremos brevemente os recursos inseguros. Para detalhes completos, consulte o\n"
|
|
"[Capítulo 19.1 no Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html)\n"
|
|
"e o [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:41
|
|
msgid "## Assumptions"
|
|
msgstr "## Suposições"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course assumes that you already know how to program. Rust is a statically\n"
|
|
"typed language and we will sometimes make comparisons with C and C++ to better\n"
|
|
"explain or contrast the Rust approach."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O curso pressupõe que você já saiba programar. Rust é uma linguagem de tipagem estática\n"
|
|
"e às vezes comparamos com C e C++ para melhor\n"
|
|
"explicar ou contrastar a abordagem Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you know how to program in a dynamically typed language such as Python or\n"
|
|
"JavaScript, then you will be able to follow along just fine too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se você sabe programar em uma linguagem de tipagem dinâmica, como Python ou\n"
|
|
"JavaScript, então você também será capaz de acompanhar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:50 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:19
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:22 src/cargo/running-locally.md:68
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:14 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:19
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:20 src/hello-world/small-example.md:21 src/why-rust.md:9
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:14 src/why-rust/runtime.md:8
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:19 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:19
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:28 src/basic-syntax/references.md:21
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:18 src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:25
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:33 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:22
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:32 src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:25
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:9 src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:90
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:15 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:24
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:46
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:23 src/memory-management/stack.md:26
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:12 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:20
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:18 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:33
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:25 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:23
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:27
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:23
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:9 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:100
|
|
#: src/structs.md:29 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:35
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:25 src/enums.md:31
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:33 src/enums/sizes.md:27 src/methods.md:28
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:22 src/methods/example.md:44
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:23 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:33
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:21
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:19
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:20 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:9
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:115 src/control-flow/blocks.md:40
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:33
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:21
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:24
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:23
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:25
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:26 src/std.md:23
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:16 src/std/string.md:28 src/std/vec.md:35
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:36 src/std/box.md:32 src/std/box-recursive.md:31
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:29 src/modules.md:26 src/modules/visibility.md:37
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:42 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:5
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:19 src/generics/methods.md:23
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:70 src/traits/default-methods.md:30
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:33 src/traits/impl-trait.md:21
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:30 src/traits/from-iterator.md:15
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:27 src/traits/drop.md:32 src/traits/default.md:38
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:24 src/traits/closures.md:23
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:5 src/error-handling/result.md:25
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:46
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:48
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:37
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:34
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:33 src/unsafe.md:26
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:25 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:30
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:19 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:31
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:19 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:28
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:5
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:81
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:10 src/bare-metal/minimal.md:15
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:37 src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:23
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:62
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:47
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:37
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:26
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:30
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:17
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:14
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:25
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:16
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:5 src/bare-metal/aps.md:7
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:41 src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:7
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:53 src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:22
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:24
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:35
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:39
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:62
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:49 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:48
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:44
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:43
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:26
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:24
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:21
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:21 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:19
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:5 src/concurrency/threads.md:28
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:35 src/concurrency/channels.md:25
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:18 src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:11
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:12 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:27
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:29
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:21
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:10 src/async/async-await.md:23
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:30 src/async/runtimes.md:18
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:31 src/async/tasks.md:51
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:33 src/async/control-flow/join.md:34
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:59
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:27 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:66
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:11
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:75
|
|
msgid "<details>"
|
|
msgstr "<details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is an example of a _speaker note_. We will use these to add additional\n"
|
|
"information to the slides. This could be key points which the instructor should\n"
|
|
"cover as well as answers to typical questions which come up in class."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este é um exemplo de _nota do instrutor_. Nós os usaremos para adicionar\n"
|
|
"informações aos slides. Estes podem ser pontos chave em que o instrutor deve\n"
|
|
"cobrir respostas à perguntas típicas que surgem em sala de aula."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome.md:56 src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:67
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:35 src/cargo/running-locally.md:74
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:42 src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:29
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:40 src/hello-world/small-example.md:44 src/why-rust.md:24
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:35 src/why-rust/runtime.md:22
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:66 src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:43
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:62 src/basic-syntax/references.md:29
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:36 src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:44
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:41 src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:33
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:45 src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:30
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:28 src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:95
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:20 src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:48
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:52
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:39 src/memory-management/stack.md:49
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:18 src/ownership/move-semantics.md:26
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:26 src/ownership/copy-clone.md:51
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:51 src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:29
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:60
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:30
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:15 src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:104
|
|
#: src/structs.md:42 src/structs/tuple-structs.md:43
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:72 src/enums.md:41
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:45 src/enums/sizes.md:155 src/methods.md:41
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:28 src/methods/example.md:53
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:35 src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:39
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:29
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:46
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:28 src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:15
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:125 src/control-flow/blocks.md:46
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:37
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:41
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:29
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:30
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:32
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:33 src/std.md:31
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:25 src/std/string.md:42 src/std/vec.md:49
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:66 src/std/box.md:39 src/std/box-recursive.md:41
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:69 src/modules.md:32 src/modules/visibility.md:48
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:71 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:11
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:25 src/generics/methods.md:31
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:83 src/traits/default-methods.md:60
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:50 src/traits/impl-trait.md:44
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:42 src/traits/from-iterator.md:26
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:33 src/traits/drop.md:42 src/traits/default.md:47
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:38 src/traits/closures.md:38
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:11 src/error-handling/result.md:33
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:53
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:60
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:45
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:41
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:42 src/unsafe.md:32
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:43 src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:35
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:28 src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:38
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:28 src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:37
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:11
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:86
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:15 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:65
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:26 src/bare-metal/alloc.md:49
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:29
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:72
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:65
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:49
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:40
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:43
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:23
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:29
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:38
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:26
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:11 src/bare-metal/aps.md:15
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:58 src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:17
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:27 src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:28
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:40
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:46
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:67
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:55 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:52
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:49
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:53
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:33
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:30
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:26
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:30 src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:25
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:11 src/concurrency/threads.md:45
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:40 src/concurrency/channels.md:32
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:23 src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:16
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:18 src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:38
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:45
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:56
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:16 src/async/async-await.md:48
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:45 src/async/runtimes.md:29
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:49 src/async/tasks.md:64
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:49 src/async/control-flow/join.md:50
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:77
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:50 src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:112
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:63
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:17
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:79
|
|
msgid "</details>"
|
|
msgstr "</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Running the Course"
|
|
msgstr "# Executando o curso"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:3 src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:3
|
|
msgid "> This page is for the course instructor."
|
|
msgstr "> Esta página é para o instrutor do curso."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here is a bit of background information about how we've been running the course\n"
|
|
"internally at Google."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aqui estão algumas informações básicas sobre como estamos conduzindo o curso\n"
|
|
"internamente no Google."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Before you run the course, you will want to:"
|
|
msgstr "Para executar o curso, você precisa:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"1. Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker notes\n"
|
|
" to help highlight the key points (please help us by contributing more speaker\n"
|
|
" notes!). When presenting, you should make sure to open the speaker notes in a\n"
|
|
" popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker Notes\"). This way\n"
|
|
" you have a clean screen to present to the class.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1. Decide on the dates. Since the course takes at least three full days, we recommend that you\n"
|
|
" schedule the days over two weeks. Course participants have said that\n"
|
|
" they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process\n"
|
|
" all the information we give them.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a\n"
|
|
" class size of 15-25 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable\n"
|
|
" asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have\n"
|
|
" time to answer the questions. Make sure the room has _desks_ for yourself and for the\n"
|
|
" students: you will all need to be able to sit and work with your laptops.\n"
|
|
" In particular, you will be doing a lot of live-coding as an instructor, so a lectern won't\n"
|
|
" be very helpful for you.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things\n"
|
|
" up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your\n"
|
|
" laptop (see the [installation instructions][3]). This ensures optimal performance with no lag as you change pages.\n"
|
|
" Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the course\n"
|
|
" participants spot them.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups.\n"
|
|
" We typically spend 30-45 minutes on exercises in the morning and in the afternoon (including time to review the solutions).\n"
|
|
" Make sure to\n"
|
|
" ask people if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When\n"
|
|
" you see that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class\n"
|
|
" and offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant\n"
|
|
" information in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"That is all, good luck running the course! We hope it will be as much fun for\n"
|
|
"you as it has been for us!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Isso é tudo, boa sorte no curso! Esperamos que seja tão divertido para\n"
|
|
"você como tem sido para nós!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course.md:46
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please [provide feedback][1] afterwards so that we can keep improving the\n"
|
|
"course. We would love to hear what worked well for you and what can be made\n"
|
|
"better. Your students are also very welcome to [send us feedback][2]!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por favor, [forneça feedback][3] depois para que possamos continuar melhorando o\n"
|
|
"curso. Adoraríamos saber o que funcionou bem para você e o que pode ser melhorado.\n"
|
|
" Seus alunos também são muito bem-vindos para [nos enviar feedback][4]!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Course Structure"
|
|
msgstr "# Estrutura do curso"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:5
|
|
msgid "The course is fast paced and covers a lot of ground:"
|
|
msgstr "O curso é rápido e muito abrangente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Day 1: Basic Rust, ownership and the borrow checker.\n"
|
|
"* Day 2: Compound data types, pattern matching, the standard library.\n"
|
|
"* Day 3: Traits and generics, error handling, testing, unsafe Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Dia 1: Rust básico, ownership e verificador de empréstimo.\n"
|
|
"* Dia 2: Tipos de dados compostos, correspondência de padrões e a biblioteca padrão.\n"
|
|
"* Dia 3: Traits e generics, tratamento de erros, testes e Rust inseguro.\n"
|
|
"* Dia 4: Concorrência em Rust e interoperabilidade com outras linguagens"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:11
|
|
msgid "## Deep Dives"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition to the 3-day class on Rust Fundamentals, we cover some more\n"
|
|
"specialized topics:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "### Android"
|
|
msgstr "# Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Android Deep Dive](../android.md) is a half-day course on using Rust for\n"
|
|
"Android platform development. This includes interoperability with C, C++, and\n"
|
|
"Java."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need an [AOSP checkout][1]. Make a checkout of the [course\n"
|
|
"repository][2] on the same machine and move the `src/android/` directory into\n"
|
|
"the root of your AOSP checkout. This will ensure that the Android build system\n"
|
|
"sees the `Android.bp` files in `src/android/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"6. Se você não pular as partes específicas do Android no Dia 4, precisará de um [checkout\n"
|
|
" do AOSP][1]. Faça um checkout do [repositório do curso][2] no mesmo\n"
|
|
" computador e mova o diretório `src/android/` para a raiz do seu checkout doAOSP.\n"
|
|
" Isso garantirá que o sistema de compilação do Android veja os\n"
|
|
" arquivos `Android.bp` em `src/android/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Ensure that `adb sync` works with your emulator or real device and pre-build all\n"
|
|
"Android examples using `src/android/build_all.sh`. Read the script to see the\n"
|
|
"commands it runs and make sure they work when you run them by hand."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" Certifique-se de que `adb sync` funcione com seu emulador ou dispositivo real e pré-compile\n"
|
|
" todos os exemplos do Android usando `src/android/build_all.sh`. Leia o roteiro para ver\n"
|
|
" os comandos executados e verifique se eles funcionam quando você os executa manualmente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:34
|
|
msgid "### Bare-Metal"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Bare-Metal Deep Dive](../bare-metal.md): a full day class on using Rust for\n"
|
|
"bare-metal (embedded) development. Both microcontrollers and application\n"
|
|
"processors are covered."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part, you will need to buy the [BBC\n"
|
|
"micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2 development board ahead of time. Everybody\n"
|
|
"will need to install a number of packages as described on the [welcome\n"
|
|
"page](../bare-metal.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:45
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "### Concurrency"
|
|
msgstr "Concorrência"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:47
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Concurrency Deep Dive](../concurrency.md) is a full day class on classical\n"
|
|
"as well as `async`/`await` concurrency."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a fresh crate set up and the dependencies downloaded and ready to\n"
|
|
"go. You can then copy/paste the examples into `src/main.rs` to experiment with\n"
|
|
"them:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:54
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"cargo init concurrency\n"
|
|
"cd concurrency\n"
|
|
"cargo add tokio --features full\n"
|
|
"cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo new link-checker\n"
|
|
"$ cd link-checker\n"
|
|
"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:61
|
|
msgid "## Format"
|
|
msgstr "## Formato"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/course-structure.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course is meant to be very interactive and we recommend letting the\n"
|
|
"questions drive the exploration of Rust!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O curso pretende ser muito interativo e recomendamos deixar as\n"
|
|
"perguntas conduzirem a exploração de Rust!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Keyboard Shortcuts"
|
|
msgstr "# Atalhos do teclado"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:3
|
|
msgid "There are several useful keyboard shortcuts in mdBook:"
|
|
msgstr "Existem vários atalhos de teclado úteis no mdBook:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/keyboard-shortcuts.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* <kbd>Arrow-Left</kbd>: Navigate to the previous page.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>Arrow-Right</kbd>: Navigate to the next page.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd>: Execute the code sample that has focus.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>s</kbd>: Activate the search bar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* <kbd>Seta para a esquerda</kbd>: Navega para a página anterior.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>Seta para a direita</kbd>: Navega para a próxima página.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd>: Executa o exemplo de código que tem o foco.\n"
|
|
"* <kbd>s</kbd>: ativa a barra de pesquisa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Translations"
|
|
msgstr "## Instalação"
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The course has been translated into other languages by a set of wonderful\n"
|
|
"volunteers:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [Brazilian Portuguese][pt-BR] by [@rastringer] and [@hugojacob].\n"
|
|
"* [Korean][ko] by [@keispace], [@jiyongp] and [@jooyunghan]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:9
|
|
msgid "Use the language picker in the top-right corner to switch between languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/running-the-course/translations.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to help with this effort, please see [our instructions] for how to\n"
|
|
"get going. Translations are coordinated on the [issue tracker]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Using Cargo"
|
|
msgstr "# Usando o Cargo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you start reading about Rust, you will soon meet [Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/), the standard tool\n"
|
|
"used in the Rust ecosystem to build and run Rust applications. Here we want to\n"
|
|
"give a brief overview of what Cargo is and how it fits into the wider ecosystem\n"
|
|
"and how it fits into this training."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Quando você começar a ler sobre Rust, logo conhecerá o [Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/), a ferramenta padrão\n"
|
|
"usada no ecossistema Rust para criar e executar aplicativos Rust. Aqui nós queremos\n"
|
|
"dar uma breve visão geral do que é o Cargo e como ele se encaixa no ecossistema mais amplo\n"
|
|
"e como ele se encaixa neste treinamento."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:8
|
|
msgid "## Installation"
|
|
msgstr "## Instalação"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:10
|
|
msgid "### Rustup (Recommended)"
|
|
msgstr "### Rustup (Recomendado)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:12
|
|
msgid "You can follow the instructions to install cargo and rust compiler, among other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup][3] tool, which is maintained by the Rust Foundation."
|
|
msgstr "Você pode seguir as instruções para instalar o cargo e o compilador de Rust, entre outras ferramentas padrão do ecossistema com a ferramenta [rustup][3], que é mantida pela Rust Foundation."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:14
|
|
msgid "Along with cargo and rustc, Rustup will install itself as a command line utility that you can use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross compilation, etc."
|
|
msgstr "Juntamente com cargo e rustc, o Rustup se instalará como um utilitário de linha de comando que você pode usar para instalar/alternar ferramentas, configurar compilação cruzada, etc."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:16
|
|
msgid "### Package Managers"
|
|
msgstr "### Gerenciadores de pacotes"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:18
|
|
msgid "#### Debian"
|
|
msgstr "#### Debian"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:20
|
|
msgid "On Debian/Ubuntu, you can install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust formatter][6] with"
|
|
msgstr "No Debian/Ubuntu, você pode instalar o Cargo e o fonte Rust com"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This will allow [rust-analyzer][1] to jump to the definitions. We suggest using\n"
|
|
"[VS Code][2] to edit the code (but any LSP compatible editor works)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Isso permitirá que o [rust-analyzer][1] localize as definições. Sugerimos usar o\n"
|
|
"[VS Code][2] para editar o código (mas qualquer editor compatível com LSP funciona)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo.md:29
|
|
msgid "Some folks also like to use the [JetBrains][4] family of IDEs, which do their own analysis but have their own tradeoffs. If you prefer them, you can install the [Rust Plugin][5]. Please take note that as of January 2023 debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite."
|
|
msgstr "Algumas pessoas também gostam de usar a família de IDEs [JetBrains][4], que fazem suas próprias análises, mas têm suas próprias vantagens e desvantagens. Se você preferir, pode instalar o [Plugin Rust][5]. Observe que, a partir de Janeiro de 2023, a depuração funciona apenas na versão CLion do pacote JetBrains IDEA."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1
|
|
msgid "# The Rust Ecosystem"
|
|
msgstr "# O ecossistema do Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3
|
|
msgid "The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
|
|
msgstr "O ecossistema Rust consiste em várias ferramentas, das quais as principais são:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other\n"
|
|
" intermediate formats.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* `cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to\n"
|
|
" download dependencies hosted on <https://crates.io> and it will pass them to\n"
|
|
" `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in test\n"
|
|
" runner which is used to execute unit tests.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* `rustup`: the Rust toolchain installer and updater. This tool is used to\n"
|
|
" install and update `rustc` and `cargo` when new versions of Rust is released.\n"
|
|
" In addition, `rustup` can also download documentation for the standard\n"
|
|
" library. You can have multiple versions of Rust installed at once and `rustup`\n"
|
|
" will let you switch between them as needed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `rustup`: o instalador e atualizador do toolchain do Rust. Esta ferramenta é utilizada para\n"
|
|
" instalar e atualizar o `rustc` e o `cargo` quando novas versões do Rust forem lançadas.\n"
|
|
" Além disso, `rustup` também pode baixar a documentação da biblioteca\n"
|
|
" padrão. Você pode ter várias versões do Rust instaladas ao mesmo tempo e `rustup`\n"
|
|
" permitirá que você alterne entre elas conforme necessário."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:21 src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:30
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:23
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:35
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:48
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:50
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:30 src/async/async-await.md:25
|
|
msgid "Key points:"
|
|
msgstr "Pontos chave:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out\n"
|
|
" every six weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with\n"
|
|
" old releases --- plus they enable new functionality.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\".\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes\n"
|
|
" \"stable\" every six weeks.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Rust also has [editions]: the current edition is Rust 2021. Previous\n"
|
|
" editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to\n"
|
|
" the language.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the\n"
|
|
" edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code\n"
|
|
" written for different editions.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through `cargo` (most users never do).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but not limited to: \n"
|
|
" * Project/package structure\n"
|
|
" * [workspaces]\n"
|
|
" * Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching\n"
|
|
" * [build scripting]\n"
|
|
" * [global installation]\n"
|
|
" * It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo clippy]).\n"
|
|
" * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Code Samples in This Training"
|
|
msgstr "# Exemplos de código neste treinamento"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this training, we will mostly explore the Rust language through examples\n"
|
|
"which can be executed through your browser. This makes the setup much easier and\n"
|
|
"ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para este treinamento, exploraremos principalmente a linguagem Rust por meio de exemplos\n"
|
|
"que podem ser executados através do seu navegador. Isso torna a instalação muito mais fácil e\n"
|
|
"garante uma experiência consistente para todos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Installing Cargo is still encouraged: it will make it easier for you to do the\n"
|
|
"exercises. On the last day, we will do a larger exercise which shows you how to\n"
|
|
"work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A instalação do Cargo ainda assim é incentivada: será mais fácil para você fazer os\n"
|
|
"exercícios. No último dia, faremos um exercício maior que mostra como\n"
|
|
"trabalhar com dependências e para isso você precisará do Cargo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11
|
|
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
|
|
msgstr "Os blocos de código neste curso são totalmente interativos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Edite-me!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can use <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd> to execute the code when focus is in the\n"
|
|
"text box."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Você pode usar <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd> para executar o código quando o foco estiver na\n"
|
|
"caixa de texto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples\n"
|
|
"are not editable for various reasons:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A maioria dos exemplos de código são editáveis, como mostrado acima. Alguns exemplos de código\n"
|
|
"não são editáveis por vários motivos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the\n"
|
|
" code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The embedded playgrounds lose their state the moment you navigate\n"
|
|
" away from the page! This is the reason that the students should\n"
|
|
" solve the exercises using a local Rust installation or via the\n"
|
|
" Playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Os playgrounds embutidos perdem seu estado no momento em que você navega\n"
|
|
" fora da página! Esta é a razão pela qual os alunos devem\n"
|
|
" resolver os exercícios usando uma instalação Rust local ou via\n"
|
|
" Playground."
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Running Code Locally with Cargo"
|
|
msgstr "# Executando código localmente com o Cargo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to experiment with the code on your own system, then you will need\n"
|
|
"to first install Rust. Do this by following the [instructions in the Rust\n"
|
|
"Book][1]. This should give you a working `rustc` and `cargo`. At the time of\n"
|
|
"writing, the latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se você quiser experimentar o código em seu próprio sistema, precisará\n"
|
|
"primeiro instalar o Rust. Faça isso seguindo as [instruções][1].\n"
|
|
"Isso deve fornecer o `rustc` e o `cargo` funcionando. Ao escrever\n"
|
|
"Este curso, a última versão estável do Rust é:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"% rustc --version\n"
|
|
"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n"
|
|
"% cargo --version\n"
|
|
"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"% rustc --version\n"
|
|
"rust 1.61.0 (fe5b13d68 2022-05-18)\n"
|
|
"% cargo --version\n"
|
|
"cargo 1.61.0 (a028ae4 2022-04-29)\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one\n"
|
|
"of the examples in this training:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Com isso finalizado, siga estas etapas para criar um binário Rust a partir de um\n"
|
|
"dos exemplos deste treinamento:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```shell\n"
|
|
" $ cargo new exercise\n"
|
|
" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```shell\n"
|
|
" $ cd exercise\n"
|
|
" $ cargo run\n"
|
|
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
|
|
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
" Hello, world!\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"4. Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For\n"
|
|
" example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```shell\n"
|
|
" $ cargo run\n"
|
|
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
|
|
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
|
|
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
|
|
" Edit me!\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"6. Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo build`\n"
|
|
" to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/debug/`\n"
|
|
" for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an optimized\n"
|
|
" release build in `target/release/`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"7. You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you\n"
|
|
" run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing\n"
|
|
" dependencies for you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:70
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Try to encourage the class participants to install Cargo and use a\n"
|
|
"local editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a\n"
|
|
"normal development environment."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Tente encorajar os participantes do curso a instalar o Cargo e usar um\n"
|
|
"editor local. Isso facilitará a vida deles, pois eles terão um\n"
|
|
"ambiente normal de desenvolvimento."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Day 1"
|
|
msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Dia 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is the first day of Comprehensive Rust. We will cover a lot of ground\n"
|
|
"today:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este é o primeiro dia do Comprehensive Rust. Nós cobriremos muitos pontos\n"
|
|
"hoje:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs,\n"
|
|
" references, functions, and methods.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based memory\n"
|
|
" management, and garbage collection.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:16
|
|
msgid "Please remind the students that:"
|
|
msgstr "Lembre aos alunos que:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* They should ask questions when they get them, don't save them to the end.\n"
|
|
"* The class is meant to be interactive and discussions are very much encouraged!\n"
|
|
" * As an instructor, you should try to keep the discussions relevant, i.e.,\n"
|
|
" keep the related to how Rust does things vs some other language. It can be\n"
|
|
" hard to find the right balance, but err on the side of allowing discussions\n"
|
|
" since they engage people much more than one-way communication.\n"
|
|
"* The questions will likely mean that we talk about things ahead of the slides.\n"
|
|
" * This is perfectly okay! Repetition is an important part of learning. Remember\n"
|
|
" that the slides are just a support and you are free to skip them as you\n"
|
|
" like."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Eles devem fazer perguntas na hora, não as guarde para o fim.\n"
|
|
"* A aula é para ser interativa e as discussões são muito encorajadas!\n"
|
|
" * Como instrutor, você deve tentar manter as discussões relevantes, ou seja,\n"
|
|
" mantenha o que é relacionado a como o Rust faz as coisas versus alguma outra linguagem. Pode ser\n"
|
|
" difícil encontrar o equilíbrio certo, mas erra ao permitir discussões\n"
|
|
" uma vez que envolvem as pessoas muito mais do que uma comunicação unidirecional.\n"
|
|
"* As perguntas provavelmente parecerão que estamos falando sobre as coisas antes dos slides.\n"
|
|
" * Isso está perfeitamente OK! A repetição é uma parte importante do aprendizado. Lembre-se\n"
|
|
" que os slides são apenas um suporte e você está livre para ignorá-los quando\n"
|
|
" quiser."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The idea for the first day is to show _just enough_ of Rust to be able to speak\n"
|
|
"about the famous borrow checker. The way Rust handles memory is a major feature\n"
|
|
"and we should show students this right away."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A ideia para o primeiro dia é mostrar _apenas o suficiente_ de Rust para poder falar\n"
|
|
"sobre o famoso verificador de empréstimos. A maneira como o Rust lida com a memória é uma característica importante\n"
|
|
"e devemos mostrar isso aos alunos imediatamente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you're teaching this in a classroom, this is a good place to go over the\n"
|
|
"schedule. We suggest splitting the day into two parts (following the slides):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se você estiver ensinando isso em uma sala de aula, este é um bom lugar para repassar\n"
|
|
"o cronograma. Sugerimos dividir o dia em duas partes (seguindo os slides):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Morning: 9:00 to 12:00,\n"
|
|
"* Afternoon: 13:00 to 16:00."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Manhã: 9h às 12h,\n"
|
|
"* Tarde: 13h às 16h."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can of course adjust this as necessary. Please make sure to include breaks,\n"
|
|
"we recommend a break every hour!"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"É claro que você pode ajustar isso conforme necessário. Certifique-se de incluir pausas,\n"
|
|
" Recomendamos uma pausa a cada hora!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:1
|
|
msgid "# What is Rust?"
|
|
msgstr "# O que é Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust is a new programming language which had its [1.0 release in 2015][1]:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust é uma nova linguagem de programação que teve sua versão 1.0 lançada em 2015:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Rust is a statically compiled language in a similar role as C++\n"
|
|
" * `rustc` uses LLVM as its backend.\n"
|
|
"* Rust supports many [platforms and\n"
|
|
" architectures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):\n"
|
|
" * x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ...\n"
|
|
" * Linux, Mac, Windows, ...\n"
|
|
"* Rust is used for a wide range of devices:\n"
|
|
" * firmware and boot loaders,\n"
|
|
" * smart displays,\n"
|
|
" * mobile phones,\n"
|
|
" * desktops,\n"
|
|
" * servers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Rust é uma linguagem compilada estaticamente e tem um papel semelhante ao C++\n"
|
|
" * `rustc` usa o LLVM como back-end.\n"
|
|
"* Rust suporta muitas [plataformas e\n"
|
|
" arquiteturas](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html):\n"
|
|
" * x86, ARM, WebAssembly, ...\n"
|
|
" * Linux, Mac, Windows, ...\n"
|
|
"* Rust é usado em uma ampla gama de dispositivos:\n"
|
|
" * firmware e carregadores de boot,\n"
|
|
" * monitores inteligentes,\n"
|
|
" * celulares,\n"
|
|
" * desktops,\n"
|
|
" * servidores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:21
|
|
msgid "Rust fits in the same area as C++:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust se encaixa na mesma área que C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-1/what-is-rust.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* High flexibility.\n"
|
|
"* High level of control.\n"
|
|
"* Can be scaled down to very constrained devices like mobile phones.\n"
|
|
"* Has no runtime or garbage collection.\n"
|
|
"* Focuses on reliability and safety without sacrificing performance."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Alta flexibilidade.\n"
|
|
"* Alto nível de controle.\n"
|
|
"* Pode ser reduzido para dispositivos com menos poder computacional, como telefones celulares.\n"
|
|
"* Não tem runtime ou garbage collection.\n"
|
|
"* Concentra-se na confiabilidade e segurança sem sacrificar o desempenho."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Hello World!"
|
|
msgstr "# Olá mundo!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us jump into the simplest possible Rust program, a classic Hello World\n"
|
|
"program:"
|
|
msgstr "Vamos pular para o programa em Rust mais simples possível, o clássico \"Olá Mundo\":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello 🌍!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Olá 🌍!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:12
|
|
msgid "What you see:"
|
|
msgstr "O que você vê:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Functions are introduced with `fn`.\n"
|
|
"* Blocks are delimited by curly braces like in C and C++.\n"
|
|
"* The `main` function is the entry point of the program.\n"
|
|
"* Rust has hygienic macros, `println!` is an example of this.\n"
|
|
"* Rust strings are UTF-8 encoded and can contain any Unicode character."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Funções são introduzidas com `fn`.\n"
|
|
"* Os blocos são delimitados por chaves como em C e C++.\n"
|
|
"* A função `main` é o ponto de entrada do programa.\n"
|
|
"* Rust tem macros, `println!` é um exemplo disso.\n"
|
|
"* As strings Rust são codificadas em UTF-8 e podem conter qualquer caractere Unicode."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This slide tries to make the students comfortable with Rust code. They will see\n"
|
|
"a ton of it over the next four days so we start small with something familiar."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este slide tenta deixar os alunos familiarizados com o código em Rust. Eles vão ver\n"
|
|
"uma tonelada nos próximos quatro dias, então começamos pequeno e com algo familiar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is\n"
|
|
" imperative (not functional) and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless\n"
|
|
" absolutely necessary.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of\n"
|
|
" arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md)).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Macros being 'hygienic' means they don't accidentally capture identifiers from\n"
|
|
" the scope they are used in. Rust macros are actually only\n"
|
|
" [partially hygienic](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/decl-macros/minutiae/hygiene.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Small Example"
|
|
msgstr "# Um pequeno exemplo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:3
|
|
msgid "Here is a small example program in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Aqui está um pequeno programa de exemplo em Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() { // Program entry point\n"
|
|
" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Mutable variable binding\n"
|
|
" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro for printing, like printf\n"
|
|
" while x != 1 { // No parenthesis around expression\n"
|
|
" if x % 2 == 0 { // Math like in other languages\n"
|
|
" x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() { // Ponto de entrada do programa\n"
|
|
" let mut x: i32 = 6; // Atribuição de uma variável mutável\n"
|
|
" print!(\"{x}\"); // Macro para escrever na tela, como printf\n"
|
|
" while x != 1 { // Sem parênteses ao redor de expressões\n"
|
|
" if x % 2 == 0 { // Matemática como em outras linguagens\n"
|
|
" x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" print!(\" -> {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The code implements the Collatz conjecture: it is believed that the loop will\n"
|
|
"always end, but this is not yet proved. Edit the code and play with different\n"
|
|
"inputs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O código implementa a conjectura de Collatz: acredita-se que o loop\n"
|
|
"sempre termina, mas isso ainda não está provado. Edite o código e tente diferentes\n"
|
|
"entradas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to trigger\n"
|
|
" type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer overflow.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the\n"
|
|
" format string.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an\n"
|
|
" expression which is more complex than just a single variable.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::fmt`\n"
|
|
" which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important that the\n"
|
|
" students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Why Rust?"
|
|
msgstr "# Por que Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:3
|
|
msgid "Some unique selling points of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Alguns pontos exclusivos do Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Compile time memory safety.\n"
|
|
"* Lack of undefined runtime behavior.\n"
|
|
"* Modern language features."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Segurança de memória em tempo de compilação.\n"
|
|
"* Sem comportamento indefinido em tempo de execução.\n"
|
|
"* Recursos de linguagem de programação modernas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Make sure to ask the class which languages they have experience with. Depending\n"
|
|
"on the answer you can highlight different features of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Certifique-se de perguntar à classe com quais linguagens de programação eles têm experiência. Dependendo\n"
|
|
"da resposta você pode destacar diferentes características do Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_\n"
|
|
" via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't\n"
|
|
" have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with\n"
|
|
" constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Experience with Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: You get the same memory safety\n"
|
|
" as in those languages, plus a similar high-level language feeling. In addition\n"
|
|
" you get fast and predictable performance like C and C++ (no garbage collector)\n"
|
|
" as well as access to low-level hardware (should you need it)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Experiência com Java, Go, Python, JavaScript...: Você obtém a mesma segurança de memória\n"
|
|
" como nessas linguagens, além de um sentimento semelhante ao de linguagem de alto nível. Além disso\n"
|
|
" você obtém desempenho rápido e previsível como C e C++ (sem coletor de lixo)\n"
|
|
" bem como acesso a hardware de baixo nível (caso você precise)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Compile Time Guarantees"
|
|
msgstr "# Garantias de tempo de compilação"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:3
|
|
msgid "Static memory management at compile time:"
|
|
msgstr "Gerenciamento de memória estática em tempo de compilação:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* No uninitialized variables.\n"
|
|
"* No memory leaks (_mostly_, see notes).\n"
|
|
"* No double-frees.\n"
|
|
"* No use-after-free.\n"
|
|
"* No `NULL` pointers.\n"
|
|
"* No forgotten locked mutexes.\n"
|
|
"* No data races between threads.\n"
|
|
"* No iterator invalidation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Nenhuma variável não inicializada.\n"
|
|
"* Sem vazamentos de memória (_quase_, veja as notas).\n"
|
|
"* Sem _double-free_.\n"
|
|
"* Sem _user-afer-free_'.\n"
|
|
"* Sem ponteiros `NULL`.\n"
|
|
"* Sem mutexes bloqueados esquecidos.\n"
|
|
"* Sem concorrência de dados entre _threads_.\n"
|
|
"* Nenhuma invalidação de iteradores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is possible to produce memory leaks in (safe) Rust. Some examples\n"
|
|
"are:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"É possível produzir vazamentos de memória no Rust seguro. Alguns exemplos\n"
|
|
"são:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* You can for use [`Box::leak`] to leak a pointer. A use of this could\n"
|
|
" be to get runtime-initialized and runtime-sized static variables\n"
|
|
"* You can use [`std::mem::forget`] to make the compiler \"forget\" about\n"
|
|
" a value (meaning the destructor is never run).\n"
|
|
"* You can also accidentally create a [reference cycle] with `Rc` or\n"
|
|
" `Arc`.\n"
|
|
"* In fact, some will consider infinitely populating a collection a memory\n"
|
|
" leak and Rust does not protect from those."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Você pode usar [`Box::leak`] para vazar um ponteiro. Um uso disso poderia\n"
|
|
" ser para obter variáveis estáticas inicializadas e dimensionadas em tempo de execução\n"
|
|
"* Você pode usar [`std::mem::forget`] para fazer o compilador \"esquecer\" sobre\n"
|
|
" um valor (o que significa que o destrutor nunca é executado).\n"
|
|
"* Você também pode criar acidentalmente uma [referência cíclica][reference cycle] com `Rc` ou\n"
|
|
" `Arc`.\n"
|
|
"* Na verdade, alguns considerarão preencher infinitamente uma coleção\n"
|
|
" como vazamento de memória e Rust não protege disso."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/compile-time.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the purpose of this course, \"No memory leaks\" should be understood\n"
|
|
"as \"Pretty much no *accidental* memory leaks\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para o propósito deste curso, \"Sem vazamentos de memória\" deve ser entendido\n"
|
|
"como \"Praticamente sem vazamentos de memória *acidentais*\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Runtime Guarantees"
|
|
msgstr "# Garantias de tempo de execução"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:3
|
|
msgid "No undefined behavior at runtime:"
|
|
msgstr "Nenhum comportamento indefinido em tempo de execução:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Array access is bounds checked.\n"
|
|
"* Integer overflow is defined."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* O acesso à vetores tem limites verificados.\n"
|
|
"* Estouro de números inteiros é definido."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/runtime.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Integer overflow is defined via a compile-time flag. The options are\n"
|
|
" either a panic (a controlled crash of the program) or wrap-around\n"
|
|
" semantics. By default, you get panics in debug mode (`cargo build`)\n"
|
|
" and wrap-around in release mode (`cargo build --release`).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also\n"
|
|
" not be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However,\n"
|
|
" `unsafe` allows you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked`\n"
|
|
" which does not do bounds checking."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* O estouro de números inteiros é definido por meio de um sinalizador de tempo de compilação. As opções são\n"
|
|
" ou um pânico (uma falha controlada do programa) ou semântica\n"
|
|
" wrap-around. Por padrão, você obtém pânico no modo de depuração (`cargo build`)\n"
|
|
" e wrap-around no modo de produção (`cargo build --release`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Modern Features"
|
|
msgstr "# Recursos modernos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust is built with all the experience gained in the last 40 years."
|
|
msgstr "O Rust é construído com toda a experiência adquirida nos últimos 40 anos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:5
|
|
msgid "## Language Features"
|
|
msgstr "## Características da linguagem"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Enums and pattern matching.\n"
|
|
"* Generics.\n"
|
|
"* No overhead FFI.\n"
|
|
"* Zero-cost abstractions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Enums e correspondência de padrões.\n"
|
|
"* Generics.\n"
|
|
"* FFI sem overhead.\n"
|
|
"* Abstrações de custo zero."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:12
|
|
msgid "## Tooling"
|
|
msgstr "## Ferramentas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Great compiler errors.\n"
|
|
"* Built-in dependency manager.\n"
|
|
"* Built-in support for testing.\n"
|
|
"* Excellent Language Server Protocol support."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Excelentes mensagens de erro do compilador.\n"
|
|
"* Gerenciador de dependências integrado.\n"
|
|
"* Suporte integrado para testes.\n"
|
|
"* Excelente suporte ao protocolo de servidor de linguagem (LSP)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/why-rust/modern.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay'\n"
|
|
" for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example,\n"
|
|
" writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level\n"
|
|
" instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also\n"
|
|
" known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like\n"
|
|
" `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to\n"
|
|
" ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more\n"
|
|
" talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_\n"
|
|
" feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python,\n"
|
|
" and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard and\n"
|
|
" essential:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * a random number generator, but see [rand].\n"
|
|
" * support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls].\n"
|
|
" * support for JSON, but see [serde_json].\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library cannot\n"
|
|
" go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the Rust\n"
|
|
" community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps there\n"
|
|
" isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this makes\n"
|
|
" it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence of this\n"
|
|
" is that the standard library can be smaller.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like\n"
|
|
" <https://lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics for\n"
|
|
" crates to find a good and trusted one.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* [rust-analyzer] is a well supported LSP implementation used in major\n"
|
|
" IDEs and text editors."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Basic Syntax"
|
|
msgstr "# Sintaxe básica"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:3
|
|
msgid "Much of the Rust syntax will be familiar to you from C, C++ or Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Grande parte da sintaxe do Rust será familiar para você em C ou C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Blocks and scopes are delimited by curly braces.\n"
|
|
"* Line comments are started with `//`, block comments are delimited by `/* ...\n"
|
|
" */`.\n"
|
|
"* Keywords like `if` and `while` work the same.\n"
|
|
"* Variable assignment is done with `=`, comparison is done with `==`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Blocos e escopos são delimitados por chaves.\n"
|
|
"* Comentários de linha são iniciados com `//`, comentários de bloco são delimitados por `/* ...\n"
|
|
" */`.\n"
|
|
"* Palavras-chave como `if` e `while` funcionam da mesma forma.\n"
|
|
"* A atribuição de variáveis é feita com `=`, a comparação é feita com `==`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Scalar Types"
|
|
msgstr "# Tipos escalares"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"| | Types | Literals |\n"
|
|
"|------------------------|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|\n"
|
|
"| Signed integers | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize` | `-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64` |\n"
|
|
"| Unsigned integers | `u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize` | `0`, `123`, `10u16` |\n"
|
|
"| Floating point numbers | `f32`, `f64` | `3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2f32` |\n"
|
|
"| Strings | `&str` | `\"foo\"`, `\"two\\nlines\"` |\n"
|
|
"| Unicode scalar values | `char` | `'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'` |\n"
|
|
"| Booleans | `bool` | `true`, `false` |"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"| | Tipos | Literais |\n"
|
|
"|---------------------------|--------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|\n"
|
|
"| Inteiro com sinal | `i8`, `i16`, `i32`, `i64`, `i128`, `isize` | `-10`, `0`, `1_000`, `123i64` |\n"
|
|
"| Inteiro sem sinal | `u8`, `u16`, `u32`, `u64`, `u128`, `usize` | `0`, `123`, `10u16` |\n"
|
|
"| Ponto flutuante | `f32`, `f64` | `3.14`, `-10.0e20`, `2f32` |\n"
|
|
"| Strings | `&str` | `\"foo\"`, `r#\"\\\\\"#` |\n"
|
|
"| Valores Unicode escalares | `char` | `'a'`, `'α'`, `'∞'` |\n"
|
|
"| Byte strings | `&[u8]` | `b\"abc\"`, `br#\" \" \"#` |\n"
|
|
"| Booleanos | `bool` | `true`, `false` |"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:12
|
|
msgid "The types have widths as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "Os tipos têm tamanhos como se segue:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `iN`, `uN`, and `fN` are _N_ bits wide,\n"
|
|
"* `isize` and `usize` are the width of a pointer,\n"
|
|
"* `char` is 32 bit wide,\n"
|
|
"* `bool` is 8 bit wide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `iN`, `uN` e `fN` são _N_ bits,\n"
|
|
"* `isize` e `usize` são o tamanho de um ponteiro,\n"
|
|
"* `char` tem 32 bits,\n"
|
|
"* `bool` tem 8 bits."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:21
|
|
msgid "There are a few syntaxes which are not shown above:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scalar-types.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- Raw strings allow you to create a `&str` value with escapes disabled: `r\"\\n\"\n"
|
|
" == \"\\\\\\\\n\"`. You can embed double-quotes by using an equal amount of `#` on\n"
|
|
" either side of the quotes:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(r#\"<a href=\"link.html\">link</a>\"#);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"<a href=\\\"link.html\\\">link</a>\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"- Byte strings allow you to create a `&[u8]` value directly:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", b\"abc\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", &[97, 98, 99]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Compound Types"
|
|
msgstr "# Tipos compostos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"| | Types | Literals |\n"
|
|
"|--------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n"
|
|
"| Arrays | `[T; N]` | `[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]` |\n"
|
|
"| Tuples | `()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ... | `()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ... |"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"| | Tipos | Literais |\n"
|
|
"|--------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n"
|
|
"| Vetores | `[T; N]` | `[20, 30, 40]`, `[0; 3]` |\n"
|
|
"| Tuplas | `()`, `(T,)`, `(T1, T2)`, ... | `()`, `('x',)`, `('x', 1.2)`, ... |"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:8
|
|
msgid "Array assignment and access:"
|
|
msgstr "Atribuição e acesso a vetores:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n"
|
|
" a[5] = 0;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a: [i8; 10] = [42; 10];\n"
|
|
" a[5] = 0;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {:?}\", a);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:18
|
|
msgid "Tuple assignment and access:"
|
|
msgstr "Atribuição e acesso a tuplas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"1st index: {}\", t.0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"2nd index: {}\", t.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let t: (i8, bool) = (7, true);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"1º índice: {}\", t.0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"2º índice: {}\", t.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:32
|
|
msgid "Arrays:"
|
|
msgstr "Vetores:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Arrays have elements of the same type, `T`, and length, `N`, which is a compile-time constant.\n"
|
|
" Note that the length of the array is *part of its type*, which means that `[u8; 3]` and\n"
|
|
" `[u8; 4]` are considered two different types.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* We can use literals to assign values to arrays.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format\n"
|
|
" parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. We\n"
|
|
" could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without specifying the value after the\n"
|
|
" format string.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be easier to read."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:47
|
|
msgid "Tuples:"
|
|
msgstr "Tuplas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/compound-types.md:49
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The empty tuple `()` is also known as the \"unit type\". It is both a type, and\n"
|
|
" the only valid value of that type - that is to say both the type and its value\n"
|
|
" are expressed as `()`. It is used to indicate, for example, that a function or\n"
|
|
" expression has no return value, as we'll see in a future slide. \n"
|
|
" * You can think of it as `void` that can be familiar to you from other \n"
|
|
" programming languages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* A tupla vazia `()` também é conhecida como \"tipo unitário\". É um tipo e\n"
|
|
" o único valor válido desse tipo - ou seja, o tipo e seu valor\n"
|
|
" são expressos como `()`. É usado para indicar, por exemplo, que uma função ou\n"
|
|
" uma expressão não tem valor de retorno, como veremos em um próximo slide.\n"
|
|
" * Você pode pensar nisso como um 'vazio' que pode ser familiar para você de outras\n"
|
|
" linguagens de programação."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:1
|
|
msgid "# References"
|
|
msgstr "# Referências"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:3
|
|
msgid "Like C++, Rust has references:"
|
|
msgstr "Como C++, Rust tem referências:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" let ref_x: &mut i32 = &mut x;\n"
|
|
" *ref_x = 20;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:14
|
|
msgid "Some notes:"
|
|
msgstr "Algumas notas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* We must dereference `ref_x` when assigning to it, similar to C and C++ pointers.\n"
|
|
"* Rust will auto-dereference in some cases, in particular when invoking\n"
|
|
" methods (try `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n"
|
|
"* References that are declared as `mut` can be bound to different values over their lifetime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Devemos desreferenciar `ref_x` ao atribuir um valor, semelhante à ponteiros em C e C++.\n"
|
|
"* Rust desreferenciará automaticamente em alguns casos, em particular ao invocar\n"
|
|
" métodos (tente `ref_x.count_ones()`).\n"
|
|
"* As referências que são declaradas como `mut` podem ser vinculadas a diferentes valores ao longo de seu tempo de vida."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Be sure to note the difference between `let mut ref_x: &i32` and `let ref_x:\n"
|
|
" &mut i32`. The first one represents a mutable reference which can be bound to\n"
|
|
" different values, while the second represents a reference to a mutable value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Certifique-se de observar a diferença entre `let mut ref_x: &i32` e `let ref_x:\n"
|
|
" &mut i32`. O primeiro representa uma referência mutável que pode ser ligada a\n"
|
|
" diferentes valores, enquanto o segundo representa uma referência a um valor mutável."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Dangling References"
|
|
msgstr "# Referências pendentes"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust will statically forbid dangling references:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust estaticamente proibirá referências pendentes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let ref_x: &i32;\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" ref_x = &x;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ref_x: {ref_x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/references-dangling.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* A reference is said to \"borrow\" the value it refers to.\n"
|
|
"* Rust is tracking the lifetimes of all references to ensure they live long\n"
|
|
" enough.\n"
|
|
"* We will talk more about borrowing when we get to ownership."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Diz-se que uma referência \"pega emprestado\" o valor a que se refere.\n"
|
|
"* Rust está rastreando os tempos de vida de todas as referências para garantir que elas durem\n"
|
|
" o suficiente.\n"
|
|
"* Falaremos mais sobre empréstimos quando chegarmos à ownership."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Slices"
|
|
msgstr "# Slices"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:3
|
|
msgid "A slice gives you a view into a larger collection:"
|
|
msgstr "Uma slice oferece uma visão de uma coleção maior:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a: [i32; 6] = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let s: &[i32] = &a[2..4];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s: {s:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 42;\n"
|
|
" let y = x;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Slices borrow data from the sliced type.\n"
|
|
"* Question: What happens if you modify `a[3]`?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* As slices pegam dados emprestados.\n"
|
|
"* Pergunta: O que acontece se você modificar `a[3]`?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/slices.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending indexes in brackets.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust’s range syntax allows us to drop the starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are identical.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are identical.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* `s` is a reference to a slice of `i32`s. Notice that the type of `s` (`&[i32]`) no longer mentions the array length. This allows us to perform computation on slices of different sizes.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Slices always borrow from another object. In this example, `a` has to remain 'alive' (in scope) for at least as long as our slice. \n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* The question about modifying `a[3]` can spark an interesting discussion, but the answer is that for memory safety reasons\n"
|
|
" you cannot do it through `a` after you created a slice, but you can read the data from both `a` and `s` safely. \n"
|
|
" More details will be explained in the borrow checker section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `s` é uma referência a uma slice de `i32`. Observe que o tipo de `s` (`&[i32]`) não menciona mais o tamanho do vetor. Isso nos permite realizar cálculos em slices de tamanhos diferentes.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* As slices sempre pegam emprestado de outro objeto. Neste exemplo, `a` deve permanecer 'vivo' (no escopo) por pelo menos tanto tempo quanto nossa slice.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* A questão sobre a modificação de `a[3]` pode gerar uma discussão interessante, mas a resposta é por motivos de segurança de memória\n"
|
|
" você não pode fazer isso por meio de `a` depois de criar uma slice, mas pode ler os dados de `a` e `s` com segurança.\n"
|
|
" Mais detalhes serão explicados na seção do verificador de empréstimo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `String` vs `str`"
|
|
msgstr "# `String` vs `str`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:3
|
|
msgid "We can now understand the two string types in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Agora podemos entender os dois tipos de strings em Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: &str = \"World\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Hello \");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" s2.push_str(s1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" let mut s2: String = String::from(\"Olá \");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" s2.push_str(s1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let s3: &str = &s2[6..];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s3: {s3}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:20
|
|
msgid "Rust terminology:"
|
|
msgstr "Terminologia do Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `&str` an immutable reference to a string slice.\n"
|
|
"* `String` a mutable string buffer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `&str` é uma referência imutável para uma slice de string.\n"
|
|
"* `String` é um buffer de string mutável."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/string-slices.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 encoded string data \n"
|
|
" stored in a block of memory. String literals (`”Hello”`), are stored in the program’s binary.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Rust’s `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a `Vec<T>`, it is owned.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string literal; `String::new()` \n"
|
|
" creates a new empty string, to which string data can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The `format!()` macro is a convenient way to generate an owned string from dynamic values. It \n"
|
|
" accepts the same format specification as `println!()`.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* You can borrow `&str` slices from `String` via `&` and optionally range selection.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* For C++ programmers: think of `&str` as `const char*` from C++, but the one that always points \n"
|
|
" to a valid string in memory. Rust `String` is a rough equivalent of `std::string` from C++ \n"
|
|
" (main difference: it can only contain UTF-8 encoded bytes and will never use a small-string optimization).\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* A macro `format!()` é uma maneira conveniente de gerar uma string a partir de valores dinâmicos. Ela\n"
|
|
" aceita os mesmos formatadores que `println!()`.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Você pode emprestar slices `&str` de `String` via `&` e, opcionalmente, selecionar um intervalo.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Para programadores C++: pense em `&str` como `const char*` de C++, mas que sempre aponta\n"
|
|
" para uma string válida na memória. Em Rust, `String` é um equivalente aproximado de `std::string` de C++\n"
|
|
" (principal diferença: ele só pode conter bytes codificados em UTF-8 e nunca usará uma otimização de string pequena).\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Functions"
|
|
msgstr "# Funções"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:3
|
|
msgid "A Rust version of the famous [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) interview question:"
|
|
msgstr "Uma versão em Rust da famosa pergunta de entrevistas [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" print_fizzbuzz_to(20);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn is_divisible(n: u32, divisor: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" if divisor == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" n % divisor == 0\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> String {\n"
|
|
" let fizz = if is_divisible(n, 3) { \"fizz\" } else { \"\" };\n"
|
|
" let buzz = if is_divisible(n, 5) { \"buzz\" } else { \"\" };\n"
|
|
" if fizz.is_empty() && buzz.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return format!(\"{n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" format!(\"{fizz}{buzz}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn print_fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..=n {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", fizzbuzz(i));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* We refer in `main` to a function written below. Neither forward declarations nor headers are necessary. \n"
|
|
"* Declaration parameters are followed by a type (the reverse of some programming languages), then a return type.\n"
|
|
"* The last expression in a function body (or any block) becomes the return value. Simply omit the `;` at the end of the expression.\n"
|
|
"* Some functions have no return value, and return the 'unit type', `()`. The compiler will infer this if the `-> ()` return type is omitted.\n"
|
|
"* The range expression in the `for` loop in `print_fizzbuzz_to()` contains `=n`, which causes it to include the upper bound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Nos referimos em `main` a uma função escrita abaixo. Nem declarações prévias e nem cabeçalhos são necessários.\n"
|
|
"* Os parâmetros de declaração são seguidos por um tipo (o inverso de algumas linguagens de programação) e, em seguida, um tipo de retorno.\n"
|
|
"* A última expressão em um corpo de uma função (ou qualquer bloco) torna-se o valor de retorno. Simplesmente omita o `;` no final da expressão.\n"
|
|
"* Algumas funções não têm valor de retorno e retornam o 'tipo unitário', `()`. O compilador inferirá isso se o tipo de retorno `-> ()` for omitido.\n"
|
|
"* A expressão de intervalo no loop `for` em `fizzbuzz_to()` contém `=n`, o que faz com que inclua o limite superior.\n"
|
|
"* A expressão `match` em `fizzbuzz()` faz muita coisa. Ela será expandida abaixo para mostrar o que está acontecendo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Rustdoc"
|
|
msgstr "# Por que Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:3
|
|
msgid "All language items in Rust can be documented using special `///` syntax."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"/// Determine whether the first argument is divisible by the second argument.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// If the second argument is zero, the result is false.\n"
|
|
"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" if rhs == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return false; // Corner case, early return\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" lhs % rhs == 0 // The last expression in a block is the return value\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn is_divisible_by(lhs: u32, rhs: u32) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" if rhs == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return false; // Caso especial, retorne antes\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" lhs % rhs == 0 // A última expressão em um bloco é o valor de retorno\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The contents are treated as Markdown. All published Rust library crates are\n"
|
|
"automatically documented at [`docs.rs`](https://docs.rs) using the\n"
|
|
"[rustdoc](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/what-is-rustdoc.html) tool. It is\n"
|
|
"idiomatic to document all public items in an API using this pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/rustdoc.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Show students the generated docs for the `rand` crate at\n"
|
|
" [`docs.rs/rand`](https://docs.rs/rand).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* This course does not include rustdoc on slides, just to save space, but in\n"
|
|
" real code they should be present.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Inner doc comments are discussed later (in the page on modules) and need not\n"
|
|
" be addressed here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:1 src/methods.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Methods"
|
|
msgstr "# Métodos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Methods are functions associated with a type. The `self` argument of a method is\n"
|
|
"an instance of the type it is associated with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust tem métodos, eles são simplesmente funções associadas a um tipo específico. O\n"
|
|
"primeiro argumento de um método é uma instância do tipo ao qual está associado:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" width: u32,\n"
|
|
" height: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" self.width * self.height\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
|
|
" self.width += delta;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut rect = Rectangle { width: 10, height: 5 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"old area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
" rect.inc_width(5);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"new area: {}\", rect.area());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut ret = Retangulo { largura: 10, altura: 5 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Área inicial: {}\", ret.area());\n"
|
|
" ret.aumenta_largura(5);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Nova área: {}\", ret.area());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:30
|
|
msgid "* We will look much more at methods in today's exercise and in tomorrow's class."
|
|
msgstr "* Veremos muito mais sobre métodos no exercício de hoje e na aula de amanhã."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/methods.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- Add a `Rectangle::new` constructor and call this from `main`:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
" fn new(width: u32, height: u32) -> Rectangle {\n"
|
|
" Rectangle { width, height }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"- Add a `Rectangle::new_square(width: u32)` constructor to illustrate that\n"
|
|
" constructors can take arbitrary parameters."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Function Overloading"
|
|
msgstr "# Sobrecarga de funções"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:3
|
|
msgid "Overloading is not supported:"
|
|
msgstr "A sobrecarga não é suportada:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Each function has a single implementation:\n"
|
|
" * Always takes a fixed number of parameters.\n"
|
|
" * Always takes a single set of parameter types.\n"
|
|
"* Default values are not supported:\n"
|
|
" * All call sites have the same number of arguments.\n"
|
|
" * Macros are sometimes used as an alternative."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Cada função tem uma única implementação:\n"
|
|
" * Sempre tem um número fixo de parâmetros.\n"
|
|
" * Sempre usa um único conjunto de tipos de parâmetros.\n"
|
|
"* Valores padrão não são suportados:\n"
|
|
" * Todos as chamadas têm o mesmo número de argumentos.\n"
|
|
" * Às vezes macros são usadas como alternativa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:12
|
|
msgid "However, function parameters can be generic:"
|
|
msgstr "No entanto, os parâmetros da função podem ser genéricos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
|
|
" if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"coin toss: {}\", pick_one(\"heads\", \"tails\"));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"cash prize: {}\", pick_one(500, 1000));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Cara ou coroa: {}\", escolha_um(\"cara\", \"coroa\"));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bônus: {}\", escolha_um(500, 1000));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* When using generics, the standard library's `Into<T>` can provide a kind of limited\n"
|
|
" polymorphism on argument types. We will see more details in a later section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Ao usar generics, o `Into<T>` da biblioteca padrão pode fornecer um tipo polimórfico\n"
|
|
" limitado nos tipos do argumento. Veremos mais detalhes em uma seção posterior."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 1: Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 1: Exercícios matinais"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "In these exercises, we will explore two parts of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Nestes exercícios, exploraremos duas partes do Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Implicit conversions between types.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Arrays and `for` loops."
|
|
msgstr "* Conversões implícitas entre tipos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:11
|
|
msgid "A few things to consider while solving the exercises:"
|
|
msgstr "Algumas coisas a considerar ao resolver os exercícios:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Use a local Rust installation, if possible. This way you can get\n"
|
|
" auto-completion in your editor. See the page about [Using Cargo] for details\n"
|
|
" on installing Rust.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Se possível, use uma instalação local do Rust. Desta forma, você pode obter\n"
|
|
" preenchimento automático em seu editor. Veja a página sobre [Utilização do Cargo] para detalhes\n"
|
|
" sobre instalação do Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The code snippets are not editable on purpose: the inline code snippets lose\n"
|
|
"their state if you navigate away from the page."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Os trechos de código não são editáveis de propósito: os trechos de código embutidos perdem\n"
|
|
"seu estado se você sair da página."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/morning.md:22 src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:11
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:11 src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:7
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:7 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:7
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:7
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:12
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:13
|
|
msgid "After looking at the exercises, you can look at the [solutions] provided."
|
|
msgstr "Depois de ver os exercícios, você pode ver as [soluções] fornecidas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Implicit Conversions"
|
|
msgstr "# Conversões implícitas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust will not automatically apply _implicit conversions_ between types ([unlike\n"
|
|
"C++][3]). You can see this in a program like this:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust não aplicará automaticamente _conversões implícitas_ entre os tipos ([ao contrário\n"
|
|
"De C++][3]). Você pode ver isso em um programa como este:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn multiply(x: i16, y: i16) -> i16 {\n"
|
|
" x * y\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x: i8 = 15;\n"
|
|
" let y: i16 = 1000;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x} * {y} = {}\", multiply(x, y));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 42;\n"
|
|
" let y = x;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust integer types all implement the [`From<T>`][1] and [`Into<T>`][2]\n"
|
|
"traits to let us convert between them. The `From<T>` trait has a single `from()`\n"
|
|
"method and similarly, the `Into<T>` trait has a single `into()` method.\n"
|
|
"Implementing these traits is how a type expresses that it can be converted into\n"
|
|
"another type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Todos os tipos inteiros do Rust implementam os traits [`From<T>`][1] e [`Into<T>`][2]\n"
|
|
"para nos deixar converter entre eles. Os traits `From<T>` tem um único `from()`\n"
|
|
"e da mesma forma, o trait `Into<T>` tem um único método `into()`.\n"
|
|
"A implementação dessas características é como um tipo expressa que pode ser convertido em\n"
|
|
"outro tipo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The standard library has an implementation of `From<i8> for i16`, which means\n"
|
|
"that we can convert a variable `x` of type `i8` to an `i16` by calling \n"
|
|
"`i16::from(x)`. Or, simpler, with `x.into()`, because `From<i8> for i16`\n"
|
|
"implementation automatically create an implementation of `Into<i16> for i8`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A biblioteca padrão tem uma implementação de `From<i8> for i16`, o que significa\n"
|
|
"que podemos converter uma variável `x` do tipo `i8` para um `i16` chamando\n"
|
|
"`i16::from(x)`. Ou, mais simples, com `x.into()`, porque a implementação `From<i8> for i16`\n"
|
|
"cria automaticamente uma implementação de `Into<i16> for i8`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same applies for your own `From` implementations for your own types, so it is\n"
|
|
"sufficient to only implement `From` to get a respective `Into` implementation automatically."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O mesmo se aplica a suas próprias implementações de `From` para seus tipos, então é\n"
|
|
"suficiente implementar apenas `From` para obter uma respectiva implementação `Into` automaticamente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/implicit-conversions.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"3. Change the types of `x` and `y` to other things (such as `f32`, `bool`,\n"
|
|
" `i128`) to see which types you can convert to which other types. Try\n"
|
|
" converting small types to big types and the other way around. Check the\n"
|
|
" [standard library documentation][1] to see if `From<T>` is implemented for\n"
|
|
" the pairs you check."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"3. Mude os tipos de `x` e `y` para outros tipos (como `f32`, `bool`,\n"
|
|
" `i128`) para ver quais tipos você pode converter para quais outros tipos. Experimente\n"
|
|
" converter tipos pequenos em tipos grandes e vice-versa. Verifique a\n"
|
|
" [documentação da biblioteca padrão][1] para ver se `From<T>` está implementado para\n"
|
|
" os pares que você verifica."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Arrays and `for` Loops"
|
|
msgstr "# Vetores e laços `for`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:3
|
|
msgid "We saw that an array can be declared like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Vimos que um vetor pode ser declarado assim:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"let vetor = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:9
|
|
msgid "You can print such an array by asking for its debug representation with `{:?}`:"
|
|
msgstr "Você pode imprimir tal vetor solicitando sua representação de depuração com `{:?}`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"array: {array:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let vetor = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Vetor: {vetor:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust lets you iterate over things like arrays and ranges using the `for`\n"
|
|
"keyword:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust permite iterar em coisas como vetores e intervalos usando um laço `for`\n"
|
|
":"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let array = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" print!(\"Iterating over array:\");\n"
|
|
" for n in array {\n"
|
|
" print!(\" {n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
" print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let vetor = [10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" print!(\"Interagindo com o vetor:\");\n"
|
|
" for n in vetor {\n"
|
|
" print!(\" {n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!();"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use the above to write a function `pretty_print` which pretty-print a matrix and\n"
|
|
"a function `transpose` which will transpose a matrix (turn rows into columns):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Use o exercício acima para escrever uma função `pretty_print` que imprime uma matriz e\n"
|
|
"uma função `transpose` que irá transpor uma matriz (transformar linhas em colunas):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" ⎛⎡1 2 3⎤⎞ ⎡1 4 7⎤\n"
|
|
"\"transpose\"⎜⎢4 5 6⎥⎟ \"==\"⎢2 5 8⎥\n"
|
|
" ⎝⎣7 8 9⎦⎠ ⎣3 6 9⎦\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:47
|
|
msgid "Hard-code both functions to operate on 3 × 3 matrices."
|
|
msgstr "Limite ambas as funções a operar em matrizes 3 × 3."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the\n"
|
|
"functions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copie o código abaixo para <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e implemente as\n"
|
|
"funções:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let matrix = [\n"
|
|
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:80
|
|
msgid "## Bonus Question"
|
|
msgstr "## Pergunta Bônus"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:82
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Could you use `&[i32]` slices instead of hard-coded 3 × 3 matrices for your\n"
|
|
"argument and return types? Something like `&[&[i32]]` for a two-dimensional\n"
|
|
"slice-of-slices. Why or why not?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Você poderia usar slices `&[i32]` em vez de matrizes 3 × 3 estáticos para o seu\n"
|
|
"argumentos e tipos de retorno? Algo como `&[&[i32]]` para um slice-de-slices\n"
|
|
"bidimensional. Por que ou por que não?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:87
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See the [`ndarray` crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) for a production quality\n"
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Veja o crate [`ndarray`](https://docs.rs/ndarray/) para uma implementação de produção\n"
|
|
"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/for-loops.md:92
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The solution and the answer to the bonus section are available in the \n"
|
|
"[Solution](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops) section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A solução e a resposta para a seção de bônus estão disponíveis na\n"
|
|
"Seção [Soluções](solutions-morning.md#arrays-and-for-loops)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Variables"
|
|
msgstr "# Variáveis"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust provides type safety via static typing. Variable bindings are immutable by\n"
|
|
"default:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust fornece segurança de tipo por meio de tipagem estática. Variáveis são imutáveis por\n"
|
|
"padrão:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" // x = 20;\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/variables.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Due to type inference the `i32` is optional. We will gradually show the types less and less as the course progresses.\n"
|
|
"* Note that since `println!` is a macro, `x` is not moved, even using the function like syntax of `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Devido à inferência de tipos, o `i32` é opcional. Gradualmente mostraremos os tipos cada vez menos à medida que o curso progride.\n"
|
|
"* Observe que como `println!` é uma macro, `x` não é movido, mesmo usando uma sintaxe parecida com a de uma função `println!(\"x: {}\", x)`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Type Inference"
|
|
msgstr "# Inferência do tipo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust will look at how the variable is _used_ to determine the type:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust verá como a variável é _usada_ para determinar o tipo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 10;\n"
|
|
" let y = 20;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" takes_u32(x);\n"
|
|
" takes_i8(y);\n"
|
|
" // takes_u32(y);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:26
|
|
msgid "This slide demonstrates how the Rust compiler infers types based on constraints given by variable declarations and usages."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is very important to emphasize that variables declared like this are not of some sort of dynamic \"any type\" that can\n"
|
|
"hold any data. The machine code generated by such declaration is identical to the explicit declaration of a type.\n"
|
|
"The compiler does the job for us and helps us write more concise code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este slide demonstra como o compilador Rust infere tipos com base em restrições dadas por declarações e usos de variáveis.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"É muito importante enfatizar que variáveis declaradas assim não são de um tipo dinâmico \"qualquer tipo\" que possa\n"
|
|
"armazenar quaisquer dados. O código de máquina gerado por tal declaração é idêntico à declaração explícita de um tipo.\n"
|
|
"O compilador faz o trabalho para nós e nos ajuda a escrever um código mais conciso."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:32
|
|
msgid "The following code tells the compiler to copy into a certain generic container without the code ever explicitly specifying the contained type, using `_` as a placeholder:"
|
|
msgstr "O código a seguir informa ao compilador para copiar para um determinado contêiner genérico sem que o código especifique explicitamente o tipo contido, usando `_` como placeholder:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:34
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v.push((10, false));\n"
|
|
" v.push((20, true));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let vv = v.iter().collect::<std::collections::HashSet<_>>();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"vv: {vv:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut vetor = vec![10, 20];\n"
|
|
" vetor.push(30);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"valor do meio: {}\", vetor[vetor.len() / 2]);\n"
|
|
" for item in vetor.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/type-inference.md:46
|
|
msgid "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.collect) relies on `FromIterator`, which [`HashSet`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implements."
|
|
msgstr "[`collect`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html#method.collect) depende de `FromIterator`, que [`HashSet`](https:/ /doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html) implementa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Static and Constant Variables"
|
|
msgstr "# Variáveis estáticas e constantes"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:3
|
|
msgid "Global state is managed with static and constant variables."
|
|
msgstr "O estado global é gerenciado com variáveis estáticas e constantes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:5
|
|
msgid "## `const`"
|
|
msgstr "## `const`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:7
|
|
msgid "You can declare compile-time constants:"
|
|
msgstr "Você pode declarar constantes de tempo de compilação:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"const DIGEST_SIZE: usize = 3;\n"
|
|
"const ZERO: Option<u8> = Some(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn compute_digest(text: &str) -> [u8; DIGEST_SIZE] {\n"
|
|
" let mut digest = [ZERO.unwrap_or(0); DIGEST_SIZE];\n"
|
|
" for (idx, &b) in text.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE] = digest[idx % DIGEST_SIZE].wrapping_add(b);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" digest\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let digest = compute_digest(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Digest: {digest:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "According to the [Rust RFC Book][1] these are inlined upon use."
|
|
msgstr "De acordo com o [Rust RFC Book][1], eles são expandidos no próprio local (inline) após o uso."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:29
|
|
msgid "## `static`"
|
|
msgstr "## `static`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:31
|
|
msgid "You can also declare static variables:"
|
|
msgstr "Você também pode declarar variáveis estáticas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static BANNER: &str = \"Welcome to RustOS 3.14\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{BANNER}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"static BANNER: &str = \"Bem-vindo ao RustOS 3.14\";"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:41
|
|
msgid "As noted in the [Rust RFC Book][1], these are not inlined upon use and have an actual associated memory location. This is useful for unsafe and embedded code, and the variable lives through the entirety of the program execution."
|
|
msgstr "Conforme observado no [Rust RFC Book][1], `static` e `const` não são expandidos em linha (inlined) quando utilizados e possuem um local de memória real associado. Isso é útil para código inseguro e embarcado, e a variável sobrevive durante toda a execução do programa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:44
|
|
msgid "We will look at mutating static data in the [chapter on Unsafe Rust](../unsafe.md)."
|
|
msgstr "Veremos a mutação de dados estáticos no [capítulo sobre Unsafe Rust](../unsafe.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/static-and-const.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Mention that `const` behaves semantically similar to C++'s `constexpr`.\n"
|
|
"* `static`, on the other hand, is much more similar to a `const` or mutable global variable in C++.\n"
|
|
"* It isn't super common that one would need a runtime evaluated constant, but it is helpful and safer than using a static."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Mencione que `const` se comporta semanticamente similar ao `constexpr` de C++.\n"
|
|
"* `static`, por outro lado, é muito mais parecido com um `const` ou variável global mutável em C++.\n"
|
|
"* Não é muito comum que alguém precise de uma constante avaliada em tempo de execução, mas é útil e mais seguro do que usar uma estática."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Scopes and Shadowing"
|
|
msgstr "# Escopos e sobreposição"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can shadow variables, both those from outer scopes and variables from the\n"
|
|
"same scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Você pode sobrepor (shadow) variáveis, tanto aquelas de escopos externos quanto variáveis do\n"
|
|
"mesmo escopo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"before: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let a = \"hello\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let a = true;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"after: {a}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = {\n"
|
|
" let y = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
" let z = {\n"
|
|
" let w = {\n"
|
|
" 3 + 4\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n"
|
|
" y * w\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n"
|
|
" z - y\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Definition: Shadowing is different from mutation, because after shadowing both variable's memory locations exist at the same time. Both are available under the same name, depending where you use it in the code. \n"
|
|
"* A shadowing variable can have a different type. \n"
|
|
"* Shadowing looks obscure at first, but is convenient for holding on to values after `.unwrap()`.\n"
|
|
"* The following code demonstrates why the compiler can't simply reuse memory locations when shadowing an immutable variable in a scope, even if the type does not change."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Definição: A sobreposição é diferente da mutação, porque após a sobreposição, os locais de memória de ambas as variáveis existem ao mesmo tempo. Ambos estão disponíveis com o mesmo nome, dependendo de onde você os usa no código.\n"
|
|
"* Uma variável sobreposta pode ter um tipo diferente.\n"
|
|
"* A sobreposição parece obscura a princípio, mas é conveniente para manter os valores após `.unwrap()`.\n"
|
|
"* O código a seguir demonstra por que o compilador não pode simplesmente reutilizar locais de memória ao sobrepor uma variável imutável em um escopo, mesmo que o tipo não seja alterado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/basic-syntax/scopes-shadowing.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = 1;\n"
|
|
" let b = &a;\n"
|
|
" let a = a + 1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a} {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "# Gerenciamento de memória"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:3
|
|
msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
|
|
msgstr "Tradicionalmente, as linguagens se dividem em duas grandes categorias:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Full control via manual memory management: C, C++, Pascal, ...\n"
|
|
"* Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Controle total através do gerenciamento manual de memória: C, C++, Pascal, ...\n"
|
|
"* Segurança total através do gerenciamento automático de memória em tempo de execução: Java, Python, Go, Haskell, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:8
|
|
msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust oferece uma nova mistura:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> Full control *and* safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory\n"
|
|
"> management."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Controle total *e* segurança por imposição do correto gerenciamento de memória em tempo de\n"
|
|
"> compilação."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:13
|
|
msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
|
|
msgstr "Ele faz isso com um conceito de ownership explícito."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management.md:15
|
|
msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
|
|
msgstr "Primeiro, vamos rever como o gerenciamento de memória funciona."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1
|
|
msgid "# The Stack vs The Heap"
|
|
msgstr "# Stack (pilha) vs Heap"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Stack: Continuous area of memory for local variables.\n"
|
|
" * Values have fixed sizes known at compile time.\n"
|
|
" * Extremely fast: just move a stack pointer.\n"
|
|
" * Easy to manage: follows function calls.\n"
|
|
" * Great memory locality.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n"
|
|
" * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n"
|
|
" * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n"
|
|
" * No guarantee of memory locality."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Stack: Área contínua de memória para variáveis locais.\n"
|
|
" * Os valores têm tamanhos fixos conhecidos em tempo de compilação.\n"
|
|
" * Extremamente rápido: basta mover um ponteiro do stack.\n"
|
|
" * Fácil de gerenciar: segue chamadas de função.\n"
|
|
" * Ótima localização na memória."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Stack Memory"
|
|
msgstr "# Memória de pilha (stack Memory)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Creating a `String` puts fixed-sized data on the stack and dynamically sized\n"
|
|
"data on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A criação de uma `String` coloca dados de tamanho fixo no stack e dados dimensionados dinamicamente\n"
|
|
"no heap:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap allocated using the [System Allocator] and custom allocators can be implemented using the [Allocator API]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should point out that this is rightfully unsafe!\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" s1.push(' ');\n"
|
|
" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n"
|
|
" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
|
|
" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could lead to\n"
|
|
" // undefined behavior.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::transmute(s1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = {capacity}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Olá\");\n"
|
|
" s1.push(' ');\n"
|
|
" s1.push_str(\"mundo\");\n"
|
|
" // NÃO FAÇA ISSO EM CASA! Somente com propósito educacional.\n"
|
|
" // String não provém nenhuma garantia sobre o seu layout, então isso pode levar\n"
|
|
" // a um comportamento indefinido.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::transmute(s1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Ponteiro = {ptr:#x}, tamanho = {len}, capacidade = {capacity}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Manual Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "# Gerenciamento manual de memória"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3
|
|
msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
|
|
msgstr "Você mesmo aloca e desaloca memória no heap."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5
|
|
msgid "If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
|
|
msgstr "Se não for feito com cuidado, isso pode levar a travamentos, bugs, vulnerabilidades de segurança e vazamentos de memória."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7
|
|
msgid "## C Example"
|
|
msgstr "## Exemplo em C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9
|
|
msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
|
|
msgstr "Você deve chamar `free` em cada ponteiro que alocar com `malloc`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"void foo(size_t n) {\n"
|
|
" int* int_array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" // ... lots of code\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" free(int_array);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Memory is leaked if the function returns early between `malloc` and `free`: the\n"
|
|
"pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A memória vaza se a função retornar mais cedo entre `malloc` e `free`: o\n"
|
|
"ponteiro é perdido e não podemos desalocar a memória."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Scope-Based Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "# Gerenciamento de memória baseado em escopo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3
|
|
msgid "Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
|
|
msgstr "Construtores e destrutores permitem que o tempo de vida de um objeto seja rastreado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"By wrapping a pointer in an object, you can free memory when the object is\n"
|
|
"destroyed. The compiler guarantees that this happens, even if an exception is\n"
|
|
"raised."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ao envolver um ponteiro em um objeto, você pode liberar memória quando o objeto é\n"
|
|
"destruído. O compilador garante que isso aconteça, mesmo que uma exceção seja\n"
|
|
"criada."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and gives\n"
|
|
"you smart pointers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Isso geralmente é chamado de _aquisição de recursos é inicialização_ (resource acquisition is initialization, RAII) e fornece\n"
|
|
"ponteiros inteligentes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12
|
|
msgid "## C++ Example"
|
|
msgstr "## Exemplo em C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
|
|
" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
|
|
" std::cout << \"Olá \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `std::unique_ptr` object is allocated on the stack, and points to\n"
|
|
" memory allocated on the heap.\n"
|
|
"* At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run.\n"
|
|
"* The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* O objeto `std::unique_ptr` é alocado no stack e aponta para\n"
|
|
" memória alocada no heap.\n"
|
|
"* No final de `say_hello`, o destrutor `std::unique_ptr` será executado.\n"
|
|
"* O destrutor libera o objeto `Person` para o qual ele aponta."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25
|
|
msgid "Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
|
|
msgstr "Construtores especiais de movimento (move) são usados ao passar a \"ownership\" para uma função:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"std::unique_ptr<Person> person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n"
|
|
"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Automatic Memory Management"
|
|
msgstr "# Gerenciamento automático de memória"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic memory\n"
|
|
"management:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Uma alternativa ao gerenciamento de memória manual e baseado em escopo é o gerenciamento automático\n"
|
|
"de memória:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The programmer never allocates or deallocates memory explicitly.\n"
|
|
"* A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the programmer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* O programador nunca aloca ou desaloca memória explicitamente.\n"
|
|
"* Um \"coletor de lixo\" (garbage collector) encontra memória não utilizada e a desaloca para o programador."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9
|
|
msgid "## Java Example"
|
|
msgstr "## Exemplo em Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11
|
|
msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
|
|
msgstr "O objeto `person` não é desalocado depois que `sayHello` retorna:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
|
|
" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
|
|
" System.out.println(\"Olá \" + person.getName());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Memory Management in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Gerenciamento de memória do Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3
|
|
msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
|
|
msgstr "O gerenciamento de memória no Rust é uma mistura:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Safe and correct like Java, but without a garbage collector.\n"
|
|
"* Depending on which abstraction (or combination of abstractions) you choose, can be a single unique pointer, reference counted, or atomically reference counted.\n"
|
|
"* Scope-based like C++, but the compiler enforces full adherence.\n"
|
|
"* A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even have no cost at runtime like C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Seguro e correto como Java, mas sem coletor de lixo.\n"
|
|
"* Dependendo de qual abstração (ou combinação de abstrações) você escolher, pode ser um simples ponteiro único, referência contada ou referência atomicamente contada.\n"
|
|
"* Baseado em escopo como C++, mas o compilador impõe adesão total.\n"
|
|
"* Um usuário do Rust pode escolher a abstração certa para a situação, algumas até sem custo em tempo de execução como C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10
|
|
msgid "It achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
|
|
msgstr "Ele consegue isso modelando a propriedade (_ownership_) explicitamente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* If asked how at this point, you can mention that in Rust this is usually handled by RAII wrapper types such as [Box], [Vec], [Rc], or [Arc]. These encapsulate ownership and memory allocation via various means, and prevent the potential errors in C.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust equivalent."
|
|
msgstr "* Neste ponto, se perguntado como, você pode mencionar que em Rust isso geralmente é tratado por wrappers RAII como [Box], [Vec], [Rc] ou [Arc]. Eles encapsulam a propriedade (ownership) e a alocação de memória por vários meios e evitam possíveis erros em C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Comparison"
|
|
msgstr "# Comparação"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3
|
|
msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
|
|
msgstr "Aqui está uma comparação aproximada das técnicas de gerenciamento de memória."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5
|
|
msgid "## Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
|
|
msgstr "## Vantagens de diferentes técnicas de gerenciamento de memória"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Manual like C:\n"
|
|
" * No runtime overhead.\n"
|
|
"* Automatic like Java:\n"
|
|
" * Fully automatic.\n"
|
|
" * Safe and correct.\n"
|
|
"* Scope-based like C++:\n"
|
|
" * Partially automatic.\n"
|
|
" * No runtime overhead.\n"
|
|
"* Compiler-enforced scope-based like Rust:\n"
|
|
" * Enforced by compiler.\n"
|
|
" * No runtime overhead.\n"
|
|
" * Safe and correct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Manual como C:\n"
|
|
" * Nenhuma sobrecarga em tempo de execução.\n"
|
|
"* Automático como Java:\n"
|
|
" * Totalmente automatizado.\n"
|
|
" * Seguro e correto.\n"
|
|
"* Baseado em escopo como C++:\n"
|
|
" * Parcialmente automático.\n"
|
|
" * Nenhuma sobrecargo de tempo de execução.\n"
|
|
"* Baseado em escopo aplicado pelo compilador como Rust:\n"
|
|
" * Aplicado pelo compilador.\n"
|
|
" * Nenhuma sobrecarga em tempo de execução.\n"
|
|
" * Seguro e correto."
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20
|
|
msgid "## Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
|
|
msgstr "## Desvantagens de diferentes técnicas de gerenciamento de memória"
|
|
|
|
#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Manual like C:\n"
|
|
" * Use-after-free.\n"
|
|
" * Double-frees.\n"
|
|
" * Memory leaks.\n"
|
|
"* Automatic like Java:\n"
|
|
" * Garbage collection pauses.\n"
|
|
" * Destructor delays.\n"
|
|
"* Scope-based like C++:\n"
|
|
" * Complex, opt-in by programmer.\n"
|
|
" * Potential for use-after-free.\n"
|
|
"* Compiler-enforced and scope-based like Rust:\n"
|
|
" * Some upfront complexity.\n"
|
|
" * Can reject valid programs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Manual como C:\n"
|
|
" * Uso após a liberação (use-after-free).\n"
|
|
" * Liberações duplas (double-free).\n"
|
|
" * Vazamento de memória.\n"
|
|
"* Automático como Java:\n"
|
|
" * Pausa para coleta de lixo.\n"
|
|
" * Atrasos na execução de destrutores.\n"
|
|
"* Baseado em escopo como C++:\n"
|
|
" * Complexo, o programador deve optar em utilizá-las.\n"
|
|
" * Potencial para uso após a liberação (user-after-free).\n"
|
|
"* Obrigado pelo compilador e baseado em escopo como Rust:\n"
|
|
" * Alguma complexidade inicial.\n"
|
|
" * Pode rejeitar programas válidos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Ownership"
|
|
msgstr "# Ownership"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"All variable bindings have a _scope_ where they are valid and it is an error to\n"
|
|
"use a variable outside its scope:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Todas as associações de variáveis têm um _escopo_ onde são válidas e é um erro\n"
|
|
"usar uma variável fora de seu escopo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let p = Ponto(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {}\", p.0);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {}\", p.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* At the end of the scope, the variable is _dropped_ and the data is freed.\n"
|
|
"* A destructor can run here to free up resources.\n"
|
|
"* We say that the variable _owns_ the value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* No final do escopo, a variável é _dropada_ e os dados são liberados.\n"
|
|
"* Um destrutor pode ser executado aqui para liberar recursos.\n"
|
|
"* Dizemos que a variável _possui_ (é dona) o valor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Move Semantics"
|
|
msgstr "# Semântica do `move` (mover)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:3
|
|
msgid "An assignment will transfer ownership between variables:"
|
|
msgstr "Uma atribuição transferirá a propriedade (ownership) entre variáveis:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Hello!\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The assignment of `s1` to `s2` transfers ownership.\n"
|
|
"* The data was _moved_ from `s1` and `s1` is no longer accessible.\n"
|
|
"* When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens: it has no ownership.\n"
|
|
"* When `s2` goes out of scope, the string data is freed.\n"
|
|
"* There is always _exactly_ one variable binding which owns a value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* A atribuição de `s1` a `s2` transfere a ownership.\n"
|
|
"* Os dados foram _movidos_ de `s1` e `s1` não estão mais acessíveis.\n"
|
|
"* Quando `s1` sai do escopo, nada acontece: ele não tem ownership.\n"
|
|
"* Quando `s2` sai do escopo, os dados da string são liberados.\n"
|
|
"* Há sempre _exatamente_ uma associação de variável que possui um valor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/move-semantics.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Mention that this is the opposite of the defaults in C++, which copies by value unless you use `std::move` (and the move constructor is defined!).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* In Rust, clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
|
|
msgstr "* Mencione que isso é o oposto dos padrões em C++, que copia por valor, a menos que você use `std::move` (e o construtor de movimento esteja definido!)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Moved Strings in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Strings movidas em Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Rust\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The heap data from `s1` is reused for `s2`.\n"
|
|
"* When `s1` goes out of scope, nothing happens (it has been moved from)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Os dados no heap de `s1` são reutilizados para `s2`.\n"
|
|
"* Quando `s1` sai do escopo, nada acontece (foi movido dele)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:13
|
|
msgid "Before move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "Antes de mover para `s2`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:30
|
|
msgid "After move to `s2`:"
|
|
msgstr "Depois de mover para `s2`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moved-strings-rust.md:32
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 \"(inaccessible)\" : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | : | : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : | : :\n"
|
|
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": s2 : |\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : |\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--'\n"
|
|
": | len | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ :\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 \"(inacessível)\" : : :\n"
|
|
": +------------+------+ : : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ponteiro | o---+---+--+--+-->| R | u | s | t | :\n"
|
|
": | tamanho | 4 | : | : +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacidade | 4 | : | : :\n"
|
|
": +------------+------+ : | : :\n"
|
|
": : | `- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
": s2 : |\n"
|
|
": +------------+------+ : |\n"
|
|
": | ponteiro | o---+---+--'\n"
|
|
": | tamanho | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": | capacidade | 4 | :\n"
|
|
": +------------+------+ :\n"
|
|
": :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Double Frees in Modern C++"
|
|
msgstr "# Liberações duplas (double-free) em C++ moderno"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:3
|
|
msgid "Modern C++ solves this differently:"
|
|
msgstr "O C++ moderno resolve isso de maneira diferente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
|
|
"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplicate the data in s1.\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```c++\n"
|
|
"std::string s1 = \"Cpp\";\n"
|
|
"std::string s2 = s1; // Duplica os dados em s1.\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The heap data from `s1` is duplicated and `s2` gets its own independent copy.\n"
|
|
"* When `s1` and `s2` go out of scope, they each free their own memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Os dados de `s1` no heap são duplicados e `s2` obtém sua própria cópia independente.\n"
|
|
"* Quando `s1` e `s2` saem do escopo, cada um libera sua própria memória."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:13
|
|
msgid "Before copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "Antes da atribuição por cópias:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:30
|
|
msgid "After copy-assignment:"
|
|
msgstr "Após atribuição por cópia:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/double-free-modern-cpp.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s1 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+--+--+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": s2 : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| C | p | p | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 3 | : : +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 3 | : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
|
|
": : `- - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Moves in Function Calls"
|
|
msgstr "# Move (mover) em chamadas de Função"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you pass a value to a function, the value is assigned to the function\n"
|
|
"parameter. This transfers ownership:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Quando você passa um valor para uma função, o valor é atribuído ao parâmetro\n"
|
|
"da função. Isso transfere a ownership:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn say_hello(name: String) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let name = String::from(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
" say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
" // say_hello(name);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let nome = String::from(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
" diz_ola(nome);\n"
|
|
" // diz_ola(nome);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/moves-function-calls.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* With the first call to `say_hello`, `main` gives up ownership of `name`. Afterwards, `name` cannot be used anymore within `main`.\n"
|
|
"* The heap memory allocated for `name` will be freed at the end of the `say_hello` function.\n"
|
|
"* `main` can retain ownership if it passes `name` as a reference (`&name`) and if `say_hello` accepts a reference as a parameter.\n"
|
|
"* Alternatively, `main` can pass a clone of `name` in the first call (`name.clone()`).\n"
|
|
"* Rust makes it harder than C++ to inadvertently create copies by making move semantics the default, and by forcing programmers to make clones explicit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Com a primeira chamada para `say_hello`, `main` desiste da ownership de `name`. Depois disso, `name` não pode mais ser usado dentro de `main`.\n"
|
|
"* A memória heap alocada para `name` será liberada no final da função `say_hello`.\n"
|
|
"* `main` pode manter a ownership se passar `name` como uma referência (`&name`) e se `say_hello` aceitar uma referência como um parâmetro.\n"
|
|
"* Alternativamente, `main` pode passar um clone de `name` na primeira chamada (`name.clone()`).\n"
|
|
"* Rust torna mais difícil do que o C++ a criação de cópias inadvertidamente, tornando a semântica de movimento o padrão e forçando os programadores a tornar os clones explícitos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Copying and Cloning"
|
|
msgstr "# Copiar e clonar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:3
|
|
msgid "While move semantics are the default, certain types are copied by default:"
|
|
msgstr "Embora a semântica de movimento seja o padrão, certos tipos são copiados por padrão:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 42;\n"
|
|
" let y = x;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 42;\n"
|
|
" let y = x;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:14
|
|
msgid "These types implement the `Copy` trait."
|
|
msgstr "Esses tipos implementam o recurso `Copy`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:16
|
|
msgid "You can opt-in your own types to use copy semantics:"
|
|
msgstr "Você pode ativar seus próprios tipos para usar a semântica de cópia:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p1: {p1:?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p2: {p2:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* After the assignment, both `p1` and `p2` own their own data.\n"
|
|
"* We can also use `p1.clone()` to explicitly copy the data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Após a atribuição, tanto `p1` quanto `p2` possuem seus próprios dados.\n"
|
|
"* Também podemos usar `p1.clone()` para copiar explicitamente os dados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:35
|
|
msgid "Copying and cloning are not the same thing:"
|
|
msgstr "Copiar e clonar não são a mesma coisa:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Copying refers to bitwise copies of memory regions and does not work on arbitrary objects.\n"
|
|
"* Copying does not allow for custom logic (unlike copy constructors in C++).\n"
|
|
"* Cloning is a more general operation and also allows for custom behavior by implementing the `Clone` trait.\n"
|
|
"* Copying does not work on types that implement the `Drop` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* A cópia refere-se a cópias bit a bit de regiões de memória e não funciona em objetos arbitrários.\n"
|
|
"* A cópia não permite lógica personalizada (ao contrário dos construtores de cópia em C++).\n"
|
|
"* A clonagem é uma operação mais geral e também permite um comportamento personalizado implementando a trait `Clone`.\n"
|
|
"* A cópia não funciona em tipos que implementam a característica `Drop`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:42 src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:29
|
|
msgid "In the above example, try the following:"
|
|
msgstr "No exemplo acima, tente o seguinte:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Add a `String` field to `struct Point`. It will not compile because `String` is not a `Copy` type.\n"
|
|
"* Remove `Copy` from the `derive` attribute. The compiler error is now in the `println!` for `p1`.\n"
|
|
"* Show that it works if you clone `p1` instead."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Adicione um campo `String` ao `struct Point`. Não irá compilar porque `String` não é um tipo `Copy`.\n"
|
|
"* Remova `Copy` do atributo `derive`. O erro do compilador agora está no `println!` para `p1`.\n"
|
|
"* Mostre que funciona se você clonar `p1` em vez disso."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/copy-clone.md:48
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If students ask about `derive`, it is sufficient to say that this is a way to generate code in Rust\n"
|
|
"at compile time. In this case the default implementations of `Copy` and `Clone` traits are generated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se os alunos perguntarem sobre `derive`, basta dizer que esta é uma forma de gerar código em Rust\n"
|
|
"em tempo de compilação. Nesse caso, as implementações padrão dos traits `Copy` e `Clone` são geradas.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Borrowing"
|
|
msgstr "# Empréstimo (Borrowing)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Instead of transferring ownership when calling a function, you can let a\n"
|
|
"function _borrow_ the value:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Em vez de transferir a ownership ao chamar uma função, você pode permitir que uma\n"
|
|
"função _empreste_ o valor:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Ponto(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3 = somar(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `add` function _borrows_ two points and returns a new point.\n"
|
|
"* The caller retains ownership of the inputs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* A função `somar` _pega emprestado_ (_borrowing_) dois Pontos e retorna um novo Ponto.\n"
|
|
"* O chamador mantém a _ownership_ das entradas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:27
|
|
msgid "Notes on stack returns:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/borrowing.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses and run it on the [Playground]. In the \"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while they stay the same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
" struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n"
|
|
" p\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3 = add(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"* The Rust compiler can do return value optimization (RVO).\n"
|
|
"* In C++, copy elision has to be defined in the language specification because constructors can have side effects. In Rust, this is not an issue at all. If RVO did not happen, Rust will always performs a simple and efficient `memcpy` copy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Ponto(3, 4);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Ponto(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3 = somar(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"&p3.0: {:p}\", &p3.0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{p1:?} + {p2:?} = {p3:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"* O compilador Rust pode fazer otimização de valor de retorno (RVO).\n"
|
|
"* Em C++, a elisão de cópia deve ser definida na especificação da linguagem porque os construtores podem ter efeitos colaterais. Em Rust, isso não é um problema. Se o RVO não aconteceu, o Rust sempre executará uma cópia `memcpy` simples e eficiente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Shared and Unique Borrows"
|
|
msgstr "# Empréstimos compartilhados e exclusivos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust puts constraints on the ways you can borrow values:"
|
|
msgstr "O Rust coloca restrições nas formas como você pode emprestar valores:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* You can have one or more `&T` values at any given time, _or_\n"
|
|
"* You can have exactly one `&mut T` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Você pode ter um ou mais valores `&T` a qualquer momento, _ou_\n"
|
|
"* Você pode ter exatamente um valor `&mut T`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
" let b: &i32 = &a;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n"
|
|
" *c = 20;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 42;\n"
|
|
" let y = x;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/shared-unique-borrows.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The above code does not compile because `a` is borrowed as mutable (through `c`) and as immutable (through `b`) at the same time.\n"
|
|
"* Move the `println!` statement for `b` before the scope that introduces `c` to make the code compile.\n"
|
|
"* After that change, the compiler realizes that `b` is only ever used before the new mutable borrow of `a` through `c`. This is a feature of the borrow checker called \"non-lexical lifetimes\"."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* O código acima não compila porque `a` é emprestado como mutável (através de `c`) e como imutável (através de `b`) ao mesmo tempo.\n"
|
|
"* Mova a instrução `println!` para `b` antes do escopo que introduz `c` para fazer o código compilar.\n"
|
|
"* Após essa alteração, o compilador percebe que `b` só é usado antes do novo empréstimo mutável de `a` a `c`. Este é um recurso do verificador de empréstimo chamado \"tempo de vida não lexical\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Lifetimes"
|
|
msgstr "# Tempos de vida"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:3
|
|
msgid "A borrowed value has a _lifetime_:"
|
|
msgstr "Um valor emprestado tem um tempo de vida (_lifetime_):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The lifetime can be implicit: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`.\n"
|
|
"* Lifetimes can also be explicit: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`.\n"
|
|
"* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n"
|
|
" lifetime `a`\".\n"
|
|
"* Lifetimes are always inferred by the compiler: you cannot assign a lifetime\n"
|
|
" yourself.\n"
|
|
" * Lifetime annotations create constraints; the compiler verifies that there is\n"
|
|
" a valid solution.\n"
|
|
"* Lifetimes for function arguments and return values must be fully specified,\n"
|
|
" but Rust allows these to be elidied in most cases with [a few simple\n"
|
|
" rules](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/lifetime-elision.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* O tempo de vida pode ser omitido: `add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point`.\n"
|
|
"* Tempos de vida também podem ser explícitos: `&'a Point`, `&'document str`.\n"
|
|
"* Leia `&'a Point` como \"um `Point` emprestado que é válido por pelo menos o\n"
|
|
" tempo de vida `a`\".\n"
|
|
"* Os tempos de vida são sempre inferidos pelo compilador: você não pode atribuir um tempo de vida\n"
|
|
" você mesmo.\n"
|
|
" * As anotações vitalícias criam restrições; o compilador verifica se há\n"
|
|
" uma solução válida."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Lifetimes in Function Calls"
|
|
msgstr "# Tempos de vida em chamadas de função"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:3
|
|
msgid "In addition to borrowing its arguments, a function can return a borrowed value:"
|
|
msgstr "Além de emprestar seus argumentos, uma função pode retornar um valor emprestado:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3: &Point = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1: Ponto = Ponto(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2: Ponto = Ponto(20, 20);\n"
|
|
" let p3: &Ponto = mais_a_esquerda(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Ponto mais à esquerda: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `'a` is a generic parameter, it is inferred by the compiler.\n"
|
|
"* Lifetimes start with `'` and `'a` is a typical default name.\n"
|
|
"* Read `&'a Point` as \"a borrowed `Point` which is valid for at least the\n"
|
|
" lifetime `a`\".\n"
|
|
" * The _at least_ part is important when parameters are in different scopes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `'a` é um parâmetro genérico, é inferido pelo compilador.\n"
|
|
"* Os tempos de vida começam com `'` e `'a` é um name padrão típico.\n"
|
|
"* Leia `&'a Ponto` como \"um `Ponto` emprestado que é válido por pelo menos o\n"
|
|
" tempo de vida `a`\".\n"
|
|
" * A parte _pelo menos_ é importante quando os parâmetros estão em escopos diferentes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-function-calls.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a a new scope (`{ ... }`), resulting in the following code:\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
" struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
" if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p3: &Point;\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
|
|
" p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
" Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Reset the workspace and change the function signature to `fn left_most<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'b Point`. This will not compile because the relationship between the lifetimes `'a` and `'b` is unclear.\n"
|
|
"* Another way to explain it:\n"
|
|
" * Two references to two values are borrowed by a function and the function returns\n"
|
|
" another reference.\n"
|
|
" * It must have come from one of those two inputs (or from a global variable).\n"
|
|
" * Which one is it? The compiler needs to to know, so at the call site the returned reference is not used\n"
|
|
" for longer than a variable from where the reference came from."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Redefina o espaço de trabalho e altere a assinatura da função para `fn mais_a_esquerda<'a, 'b>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'b Ponto`. Isso não será compilado porque a relação entre os tempos de vida `'a` e `'b` não é clara.\n"
|
|
"* Outra forma de explicar:\n"
|
|
" * Duas referências a dois valores são emprestadas por uma função e a função retorna\n"
|
|
" outra referência.\n"
|
|
" * Deve ter vindo de uma dessas duas entradas (ou de uma variável global).\n"
|
|
" * Qual é? O compilador precisa saber, portanto, no local da chamada, a referência retornada não é usada\n"
|
|
" por mais tempo do que uma variável de onde veio a referência."
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Lifetimes in Data Structures"
|
|
msgstr "# Tempos de vida em estruturas de dados"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:3
|
|
msgid "If a data type stores borrowed data, it must be annotated with a lifetime:"
|
|
msgstr "Se um tipo de dados armazena dados emprestados, ele deve ser anotado com um tempo de vida:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn erase(text: String) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let text = String::from(\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\");\n"
|
|
" let fox = Highlight(&text[4..19]);\n"
|
|
" let dog = Highlight(&text[35..43]);\n"
|
|
" // erase(text);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{fox:?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{dog:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let texto = String::from(\"A esperta raposa marrom pula sobre o cachorro preguiçoso.\");\n"
|
|
" let raposa = Destaque(&texto[2..23]);\n"
|
|
" let cachorro = Destaque(&texto[37..57]);\n"
|
|
" // apagar(texto);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{raposa:?}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{cachorro:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/ownership/lifetimes-data-structures.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* In the above example, the annotation on `Highlight` enforces that the data underlying the contained `&str` lives at least as long as any instance of `Highlight` that uses that data.\n"
|
|
"* If `text` is consumed before the end of the lifetime of `fox` (or `dog`), the borrow checker throws an error.\n"
|
|
"* Types with borrowed data force users to hold on to the original data. This can be useful for creating lightweight views, but it generally makes them somewhat harder to use.\n"
|
|
"* When possible, make data structures own their data directly.\n"
|
|
"* Some structs with multiple references inside can have more than one lifetime annotation. This can be necessary if there is a need to describe lifetime relationships between the references themselves, in addition to the lifetime of the struct itself. Those are very advanced use cases."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* No exemplo acima, a anotação em `Destaque` impõe que os dados subjacentes ao `&str` contido vivam pelo menos tanto quanto qualquer instância de `Destaque` que usa esses dados.\n"
|
|
"* Se `texto` for consumido antes do final do tempo de vida de `raposa` (ou `cachorro`), o verificador de empréstimo lançará um erro.\n"
|
|
"* Tipos com dados emprestados forçam os usuários a manter os dados originais. Isso pode ser útil para criar exibições leves, mas geralmente as tornam um pouco mais difíceis de usar.\n"
|
|
"* Quando possível, faça com que as _Structs_ de dados possuam seus dados diretamente.\n"
|
|
"* Algumas _Structs_ com várias referências internas podem ter mais de uma anotação vitalícia. Isso pode ser necessário se houver necessidade de descrever relacionamentos de tempo de vida entre as próprias referências, além do tempo de vida da própria estrutura. Esses são casos de uso muito avançados.\n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 1: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 1: Exercícios da Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will look at two things:"
|
|
msgstr "Veremos duas coisas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/afternoon.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* A small book library,\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Iterators and ownership (hard)."
|
|
msgstr "* Iteradores e ownership (difícil)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Designing a Library"
|
|
msgstr "# Projetando uma biblioteca"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will learn much more about structs and the `Vec<T>` type tomorrow. For now,\n"
|
|
"you just need to know part of its API:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aprenderemos muito mais sobre structs e o tipo `Vec<T>` amanhã. Por hora,\n"
|
|
"você só precisa conhecer parte de sua API:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut vec = vec![10, 20];\n"
|
|
" vec.push(30);\n"
|
|
" let midpoint = vec.len() / 2;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"middle value: {}\", vec[midpoint]);\n"
|
|
" for item in &vec {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut vetor = vec![10, 20];\n"
|
|
" vetor.push(30);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"valor do meio: {}\", vetor[vetor.len() / 2]);\n"
|
|
" for item in vetor.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"item: {item}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Use this to create a library application. Copy the code below to\n"
|
|
"<https://play.rust-lang.org/> and update the types to make it compile:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Use isso para criar um aplicativo de biblioteca. Copie o código abaixo para\n"
|
|
"<https://play.rust-lang.org/> e atualize os tipos para compilar:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"struct Library {\n"
|
|
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" year: u16,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Book {\n"
|
|
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
" Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
" year,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n"
|
|
"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
|
|
"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
|
|
"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
|
|
"impl Library {\n"
|
|
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
" todo!(\"Initialize and return a `Library` value\")\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and year\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
|
|
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
|
|
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
|
|
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
|
|
" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/book-library.md:102
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[Solution](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"[Soluções](solutions-afternoon.md#designing-a-library)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Iterators and Ownership"
|
|
msgstr "# Iteradores e ownership"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The ownership model of Rust affects many APIs. An example of this is the\n"
|
|
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) and\n"
|
|
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html)\n"
|
|
"traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O modelo de _ownership_ do Rust afeta muitas APIs. Um exemplo disso são os _traits_\n"
|
|
"[`Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) e\n"
|
|
"[`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:8
|
|
msgid "## `Iterator`"
|
|
msgstr "## `Iterator` (iterador)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Traits are like interfaces: they describe behavior (methods) for a type. The\n"
|
|
"`Iterator` trait simply says that you can call `next` until you get `None` back:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Os _traits_ são como interfaces: eles descrevem o comportamento (métodos) para um tipo. o\n"
|
|
"O _trait_ `Iterator` simplesmente diz que você pode chamar `next` até obter `None` como retorno:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"pub trait Iterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"pub trait Iterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:20
|
|
msgid "You use this trait like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Você usa esse trait assim:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:22
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"No more items: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" println!(\"v[0]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[1]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[2]: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Sem mais itens: {:?}\", iter.next());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:34
|
|
msgid "What is the type returned by the iterator? Test your answer here:"
|
|
msgstr "Qual é o tipo retornado pelo iterador? Teste sua resposta aqui:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.iter();"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:46
|
|
msgid "Why is this type used?"
|
|
msgstr "Por que esse tipo?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:48
|
|
msgid "## `IntoIterator`"
|
|
msgstr "## `IntoIterator`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `Iterator` trait tells you how to _iterate_ once you have created an\n"
|
|
"iterator. The related trait `IntoIterator` tells you how to create the iterator:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O _trait_ `Iterator` informa como _iterar_ depois de criar um\n"
|
|
"iterador. A característica relacionada `IntoIterator` informa como criar o iterador:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:53
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"pub trait IntoIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item;\n"
|
|
" type IntoIter: Iterator<Item = Self::Item>;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"pub trait IntoIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item;\n"
|
|
" type IntoIter: Iterator<Item = Self::Item>;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:62
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The syntax here means that every implementation of `IntoIterator` must\n"
|
|
"declare two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A sintaxe aqui significa que toda implementação de `IntoIterator` deve\n"
|
|
"declarar dois tipos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:65
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Item`: the type we iterate over, such as `i8`,\n"
|
|
"* `IntoIter`: the `Iterator` type returned by the `into_iter` method."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `Item`: o tipo sobre o qual iteramos, como `i8`,\n"
|
|
"* `IntoIter`: o tipo `Iterator` retornado pelo método `into_iter`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that `IntoIter` and `Item` are linked: the iterator must have the same\n"
|
|
"`Item` type, which means that it returns `Option<Item>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Observe que `IntoIter` e `Item` estão vinculados: o iterador deve ter o mesmo\n"
|
|
"Tipo `Item`, o que significa que ele retorna `Option<Item>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:71
|
|
msgid "Like before, what is the type returned by the iterator?"
|
|
msgstr "Como antes, qual é o tipo retornado pelo iterador?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:73
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:83
|
|
msgid "## `for` Loops"
|
|
msgstr "## Laços `for`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:85
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Now that we know both `Iterator` and `IntoIterator`, we can build `for` loops.\n"
|
|
"They call `into_iter()` on an expression and iterates over the resulting\n"
|
|
"iterator:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Agora que conhecemos `Iterator` e `IntoIterator`, podemos construir laços `for`.\n"
|
|
"Eles chamam `into_iter()` em uma expressão e itera sobre o resultado\n"
|
|
"iterador:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:89
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for word in &v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for word in v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:103
|
|
msgid "What is the type of `word` in each loop?"
|
|
msgstr "Qual é o tipo de `palavra` em cada laço?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/iterators-and-ownership.md:105
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Experiment with the code above and then consult the documentation for [`impl\n"
|
|
"IntoIterator for\n"
|
|
"&Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
|
|
"and [`impl IntoIterator for\n"
|
|
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
|
|
"to check your answers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Experimente o código acima e depois consulte a documentação para [`impl\n"
|
|
"IntoIterator para\n"
|
|
"&Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-%26%27a%20Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
|
|
"e [`impl IntoIterator para\n"
|
|
"Vec<T>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Vec%3CT%2C%20A%3E)\n"
|
|
"para verificar suas respostas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Day 2"
|
|
msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao dia 2"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:3
|
|
msgid "Now that we have seen a fair amount of Rust, we will continue with:"
|
|
msgstr "Agora que vimos uma boa quantidade de Rust, continuaremos com:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-2.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Structs, enums, methods.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and\n"
|
|
" `continue`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc`\n"
|
|
" and `Arc`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Structs"
|
|
msgstr "# Estruturas (Structs)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:3
|
|
msgid "Like C and C++, Rust has support for custom structs:"
|
|
msgstr "Como C e C++, Rust tem suporte para `structs` personalizadas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut peter = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
" age: 27,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" peter.age = 28;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", peter.name, peter.age);\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let jackie = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n"
|
|
" ..peter\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is {} years old\", jackie.name, jackie.age);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut pedro = Pessoa {\n"
|
|
" nome: String::from(\"Pedro\"),\n"
|
|
" idade: 27,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", pedro.nome, pedro.idade);\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" pedro.idade= 28;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", pedro.nome, pedro.idade);\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" let jackie = Pessoa {\n"
|
|
" nome: String::from(\"Jackie\"),\n"
|
|
" ..pedro\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} tem {} anos.\", jackie.nome, jackie.idade);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:31 src/enums.md:33 src/enums/sizes.md:29 src/methods.md:30
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:46 src/pattern-matching.md:25
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:22 src/control-flow/blocks.md:42
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Key Points:"
|
|
msgstr "Pontos chave:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Structs work like in C or C++.\n"
|
|
" * Like in C++, and unlike in C, no typedef is needed to define a type.\n"
|
|
" * Unlike in C++, there is no inheritance between structs.\n"
|
|
"* Methods are defined in an `impl` block, which we will see in following slides.\n"
|
|
"* This may be a good time to let people know there are different types of structs. \n"
|
|
" * Zero-sized structs `e.g., struct Foo;` might be used when implementing a trait on some type but don’t have any data that you want to store in the value itself. \n"
|
|
" * The next slide will introduce Tuple structs, used when the field names are not important.\n"
|
|
"* The syntax `..peter` allows us to copy the majority of the fields from the old struct without having to explicitly type it all out. It must always be the last element."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Structs funcionam como em C ou C++.\n"
|
|
" * Como em C++, e ao contrário de C, nenhum typedef é necessário para definir um tipo.\n"
|
|
" * Ao contrário do C++, não há herança entre structs.\n"
|
|
"* Os métodos são definidos em um bloco `impl`, que veremos nos próximos slides.\n"
|
|
"* Este pode ser um bom momento para que as pessoas saibam que existem diferentes tipos de structs.\n"
|
|
" * _Structs_ de tamanho zero `por exemplo, struct Foo;` podem ser usadas ao implementar uma característica em algum tipo,\n"
|
|
"mas não possuem nenhum dado que você deseja armazenar nelas.\n"
|
|
" * O próximo slide apresentará as estruturas tuplas (_Tuple Structs_) usadas quando o nome dos campos não são importantes.\n"
|
|
"* A sintaxe `..pedro` permite a cópia da maioria do campos de uma _struct_ sem precisar explicitar seus tipos.\n"
|
|
" Ele precisa ser o último elemento."
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Tuple Structs"
|
|
msgstr "# Estruturas Tupla (Tuple Structs)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:3
|
|
msgid "If the field names are unimportant, you can use a tuple struct:"
|
|
msgstr "Se os nomes dos campos não forem importantes, você pode usar uma estrutura de tupla:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Point(i32, i32);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(17, 23);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p = Ponto(17, 23);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"({}, {})\", p.0, p.1);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:14
|
|
msgid "This is often used for single-field wrappers (called newtypes):"
|
|
msgstr "Isso geralmente é usado para wrappers de campo único (chamados newtypes):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"struct PoundsOfForce(f64);\n"
|
|
"struct Newtons(f64);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundsOfForce {\n"
|
|
" todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
|
|
" set_thruster_force(force);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/tuple-structs.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Newtypes are a great way to encode additional information about the value in a primitive type, for example:\n"
|
|
" * The number is measured in some units: `Newtons` in the example above.\n"
|
|
" * The value passed some validation when it was created, so you no longer have to validate it again at every use: 'PhoneNumber(String)` or `OddNumber(u32)`.\n"
|
|
"* Demonstrate how to add a `f64` value to a `Newtons` type by accessing the single field in the newtype.\n"
|
|
" * Rust generally doesn’t like inexplicit things, like automatic unwrapping or for instance using booleans as integers.\n"
|
|
" * Operator overloading is discussed on Day 3 (generics). "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Newtypes são uma ótima maneira de codificar informações adicionais sobre o valor em um tipo primitivo, por exemplo:\n"
|
|
" * O número é medido em algumas unidades: `Newtons` no exemplo acima.\n"
|
|
" * O valor passou por alguma validação quando foi criado, então você não precisa mais validá-lo novamente a cada uso: `PhoneNumber(String)` ou `OddNumber(u32)`.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Field Shorthand Syntax"
|
|
msgstr "# Sintaxe abreviada de campo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you already have variables with the right names, then you can create the\n"
|
|
"struct using a shorthand:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se você já tiver variáveis com os nomes corretos, poderá criar o\n"
|
|
"struct usando uma abreviação:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
|
|
" Person { name, age }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/structs/field-shorthand.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is interchangeable with the struct type name\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
" struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { name, age }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ``` \n"
|
|
"* Implement the `Default` trait for the struct. Define some fields and use the default values for the other fields.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
" struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" impl Default for Person {\n"
|
|
" fn default() -> Person {\n"
|
|
" Person {\n"
|
|
" name: \"Bot\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
" age: 0,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" fn create_default() {\n"
|
|
" let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" let tmp = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: \"Sam\".to_string(),\n"
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Methods are defined in the `impl` block.\n"
|
|
"* Use struct update syntax to define a new structure using `peter`. Note that the variable `peter` will no longer be accessible afterwards.\n"
|
|
"* Use `{:#?}` when printing structs to request the `Debug` representation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Enums"
|
|
msgstr "# Enumerações (Enums)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `enum` keyword allows the creation of a type which has a few\n"
|
|
"different variants:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A palavra-chave `enum` permite a criação de um tipo que possui algumas\n"
|
|
"variações diferentes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
" Heads,\n"
|
|
" Tails,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn flip_coin() -> CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
" let random_number = generate_random_number();\n"
|
|
" if random_number % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return CoinFlip::Heads;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" return CoinFlip::Tails;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn jogar_moeda() -> CaraCoroa {\n"
|
|
" let numero_aleatorio = gerador_numero_aleatorio();\n"
|
|
" if numero_aleatorio % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" return CaraCoroa::Cara;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" return CaraCoroa::Coroa;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Enumerations allow you to collect a set of values under one type\n"
|
|
"* This page offers an enum type `CoinFlip` with two variants `Heads` and `Tail`. You might note the namespace when using variants.\n"
|
|
"* This might be a good time to compare Structs and Enums:\n"
|
|
" * In both, you can have a simple version without fields (unit struct) or one with different types of fields (variant payloads). \n"
|
|
" * In both, associated functions are defined within an `impl` block.\n"
|
|
" * You could even implement the different variants of an enum with separate structs but then they wouldn’t be the same type as they would if they were all defined in an enum. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* As enumerações permitem que você colete um conjunto de valores em um tipo\n"
|
|
"* Esta página oferece um tipo de Enum `CoinFlip` com duas variantes `Heads` e `Tail`. Você pode observar o namespace ao usar variantes.\n"
|
|
"* Este pode ser um bom momento para comparar Structs e Enums:\n"
|
|
" * Em ambos, você pode ter uma versão simples sem campos (unit struct) ou uma com diferentes tipos de campos (variant payloads).\n"
|
|
" * Em ambos, as funções associadas são definidas dentro de um bloco `impl`.\n"
|
|
" * Você pode até mesmo implementar as diferentes variantes de uma Enum com Structs separadas, mas elas não seriam do mesmo tipo que seriam se todas fossem definidas em uma Enum.\n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Variant Payloads"
|
|
msgstr "# Variantes de carga útil (payloads)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can define richer enums where the variants carry data. You can then use the\n"
|
|
"`match` statement to extract the data from each variant:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Você pode definir enums mais ricos onde as variantes carregam dados. Você pode então usar a\n"
|
|
"instrução `match` para extrair os dados de cada variante:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum WebEvent {\n"
|
|
" PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n"
|
|
" KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n"
|
|
" Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
|
|
" match event {\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
|
|
" WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
|
|
" let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
|
|
" let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" inspect(load);\n"
|
|
" inspect(press);\n"
|
|
" inspect(click);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/variant-payloads.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The values in the enum variants can only be accessed after being pattern matched. The pattern binds references to the fields in the \"match arm\" after the `=>`.\n"
|
|
" * The expression is matched against the patterns from top to bottom. There is no fall-through like in C or C++.\n"
|
|
" * The match expression has a value. The value is the last expression in the match arm which was executed.\n"
|
|
" * Starting from the top we look for what pattern matches the value then run the code following the arrow. Once we find a match, we stop. \n"
|
|
"* Demonstrate what happens when the search is inexhaustive. Note the advantage the Rust compiler provides by confirming when all cases are handled. \n"
|
|
"* `match` inspects a hidden discriminant field in the `enum`.\n"
|
|
"* It is possible to retrieve the discriminant by calling `std::mem::discriminant()`\n"
|
|
" * This is useful, for example, if implementing `PartialEq` for structs where comparing field values doesn't affect equality.\n"
|
|
"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` is not exactly the same as `WebEvent::Click(Click)` with a top level `struct Click { ... }`. The inlined version cannot implement traits, for example. \n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* No exemplo acima, acessar o `char` em `KeyPress`, ou `x` e `y` em `Click` só funciona dentro de uma instrução `match`\n"
|
|
" ou em uma expressão `if let`.\n"
|
|
"* `match` inspeciona um campo discriminante oculto no `enum`.\n"
|
|
"* É possível recuperar o campo discriminante chamando `std::mem::discriminant()`.\n"
|
|
"* `WebEvent::Click { ... }` não é exatamente o mesmo que `WebEvent::Click(Click)` com um `struct Click { ... }` de nível superior. A versão embutida não pode implementar traits, por exemplo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Enum Sizes"
|
|
msgstr "# Tamanhos de Enum"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust enums are packed tightly, taking constraints due to alignment into account:"
|
|
msgstr "Enums, em Rust, são empacotados firmemente, levando em consideração as restrições devido ao alinhamento:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"macro_rules! dbg_size {\n"
|
|
" ($t:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}: size {} bytes, align: {} bytes\",\n"
|
|
" stringify!($t), size_of::<$t>(), align_of::<$t>());\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"enum Foo {\n"
|
|
" A,\n"
|
|
" B,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" dbg_size!(Foo);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"macro_rules! dbg_size {\n"
|
|
" ($t:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}: tamano: {} byte(s), alinhamento: {} byte(s)\",\n"
|
|
" stringify!($t), size_of::<$t>(), align_of::<$t>());\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:25
|
|
msgid "* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html)."
|
|
msgstr "* Consulte a [Referência do Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/enums/sizes.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum variant.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * You can control the discriminant if needed (e.g., for compatibility with C):\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" #[repr(u32)]\n"
|
|
" enum Bar {\n"
|
|
" A, // 0\n"
|
|
" B = 10000,\n"
|
|
" C, // 10001\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"A: {}\", Bar::A as u32);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"B: {}\", Bar::B as u32);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"C: {}\", Bar::C as u32);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Without `repr`, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, because 10001 fits 2\n"
|
|
" bytes.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Try out other types such as\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" * `dbg_size!(bool)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes,\n"
|
|
" * `dbg_size!(Option<bool>)`: size 1 bytes, align: 1 bytes (niche optimization, see below),\n"
|
|
" * `dbg_size!(&i32)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (on a 64-bit machine),\n"
|
|
" * `dbg_size!(Option<&i32>)`: size 8 bytes, align: 8 bytes (null pointer optimization, see below).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Niche optimization: Rust will merge use unused bit patterns for the enum\n"
|
|
" discriminant.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Null pointer optimization: For [some\n"
|
|
" types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust guarantees\n"
|
|
" that `size_of::<T>()` equals `size_of::<Option<T>>()`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation *may* look like in practice.\n"
|
|
" It's important to note that the compiler provides no guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
|
|
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, $bit_type>($e));\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
|
|
" // representation of types.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(true, u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<bool>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<bool>, u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<Option<bool>>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(None::<bool>), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<Option<bool>>, u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more than 256 `Option`s together.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" #![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" macro_rules! dbg_bits {\n"
|
|
" ($e:expr, $bit_type:ty) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"- {}: {:#x}\", stringify!($e), transmute::<_, $bit_type>($e));\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" signs.\n"
|
|
" // Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n"
|
|
" macro_rules! many_options {\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr, @) => {\n"
|
|
" Some(Some($value))\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n"
|
|
" many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
|
|
" // representation of types.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::<bool>, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust allows you to associate functions with your new types. You do this with an\n"
|
|
"`impl` block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust permite que você associe funções aos seus novos tipos. Você faz isso com um\n"
|
|
"bloco `impl`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Person {\n"
|
|
" fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let peter = Person {\n"
|
|
" name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
" age: 27,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" peter.say_hello();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* It can be helpful to introduce methods by comparing them to functions.\n"
|
|
" * Methods are called on an instance of a type (such as a struct or enum), the first parameter represents the instance as `self`.\n"
|
|
" * Developers may choose to use methods to take advantage of method receiver syntax and to help keep them more organized. By using methods we can keep all the implementation code in one predictable place.\n"
|
|
"* Point out the use of the keyword `self`, a method receiver. \n"
|
|
" * Show that it is an abbreviated term for `self:&Self` and perhaps show how the struct name could also be used. \n"
|
|
" * Explain that `Self` is a type alias for the type the `impl` block is in and can be used elsewhere in the block.\n"
|
|
" * Note how `self` is used like other structs and dot notation can be used to refer to individual fields.\n"
|
|
" * This might be a good time to demonstrate how the `&self` differs from `self` by modifying the code and trying to run say_hello twice. \n"
|
|
"* We describe the distinction between method receivers next.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pontos chave:\n"
|
|
"* Pode ser útil introduzir métodos comparando-os com funções.\n"
|
|
" * Métodos são chamados em uma instância de um tipo (como struct ou enum), o primeiro parâmetro representa a instância como `self`.\n"
|
|
" * Os desenvolvedores podem optar por usar métodos para aproveitar a sintaxe do receptor do método e ajudar a mantê-los mais organizados. Usando métodos, podemos manter todo o código de implementação em um local previsível.\n"
|
|
"* Destaque o uso da palavra-chave `self`, um receptor de método.\n"
|
|
" * Mostre que é um termo abreviado para `self:&Self` e talvez mostre como o nome da struct também poderia ser usado.\n"
|
|
" * Explique que `Self` é um apelido de tipo para o tipo em que o bloco `impl` está e pode ser usado em qualquer outro lugar no bloco.\n"
|
|
" * Observe como _self_ é usado com outras _Structs_ e a notação de _ponto_ pode ser usada para se referir a campos individuais.\n"
|
|
" * Este pode ser um bom momento para demonstrar como `&self` difere de `self` modificando o código e tentando executar `diz_ola` duas vezes.\n"
|
|
"* Descreveremos a distinção entre os receptores de método a seguir.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Method Receiver"
|
|
msgstr "# Receptores de métodos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `&self` above indicates that the method borrows the object immutably. There\n"
|
|
"are other possible receivers for a method:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O `&self` acima indica que o método toma emprestado o objeto imutavelmente. Abaixo há\n"
|
|
"outros receptores possíveis para um método:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `&self`: borrows the object from the caller using a shared and immutable\n"
|
|
" reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n"
|
|
"* `&mut self`: borrows the object from the caller using a unique and mutable\n"
|
|
" reference. The object can be used again afterwards.\n"
|
|
"* `self`: takes ownership of the object and moves it away from the caller. The\n"
|
|
" method becomes the owner of the object. The object will be dropped (deallocated)\n"
|
|
" when the method returns, unless its ownership is explicitly\n"
|
|
" transmitted. Complete ownership does not automatically mean mutability.\n"
|
|
"* `mut self`: same as above, but the method can mutate the object. \n"
|
|
"* No receiver: this becomes a static method on the struct. Typically used to\n"
|
|
" create constructors which are called `new` by convention."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `&self`: pega emprestado o objeto do chamador como uma referência compartilhada\n"
|
|
" e mutável. O objeto pode ser usado novamente depois.\n"
|
|
"* `&mut self`: pega emprestado o objeto do chamador como uma referência única\n"
|
|
" e mutável. O objeto pode ser usado novamente depois.\n"
|
|
"* `self`: toma posse do objeto e o afasta do chamador.\n"
|
|
" O método se torna o proprietário do objeto. O objeto será descartado (desalocado)\n"
|
|
" quando o método retorna, a menos que sua ownership seja explicitamente\n"
|
|
" transmitida.\n"
|
|
"* `mut self`: o mesmo que acima, mas enquanto o método possui o objeto, ele pode\n"
|
|
" alterá-lo também. A ownership completa não significa automaticamente mutabilidade.\n"
|
|
"* Sem receptor: isso se torna um método static na estrutura. Normalmente usado para\n"
|
|
" criar construtores que, por convenção, são chamados `new`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Beyond variants on `self`, there are also\n"
|
|
"[special wrapper types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html)\n"
|
|
"allowed to be receiver types, such as `Box<Self>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Além das variantes de `self`, também existem\n"
|
|
"[tipos especiais de wrapper](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/special-types-and-traits.html)\n"
|
|
"que podem ser tipos de receptores, como `Box<Self>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/receiver.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Consider emphasizing \"shared and immutable\" and \"unique and mutable\". These constraints always come\n"
|
|
"together in Rust due to borrow checker rules, and `self` is no exception. It isn't possible to\n"
|
|
"reference a struct from multiple locations and call a mutating (`&mut self`) method on it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"Considere enfatizar \"compartilhado e imutável\" e \"único e mutável\". Essas restrições sempre vêm\n"
|
|
"juntos no Rust devido às regras do verificador de empréstimo, e `self` não é uma exceção. Não será possível\n"
|
|
"referenciar um struct de vários locais e chamar um método mutável (`&mut self`) nele.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:1 src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Example"
|
|
msgstr "# Exemplo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Race {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" laps: Vec<i32>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Race {\n"
|
|
" fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n"
|
|
" Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n"
|
|
" self.laps.push(lap);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n"
|
|
" for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n"
|
|
" let total = self.laps.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, total);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(70);\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(68);\n"
|
|
" race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
" race.add_lap(71);\n"
|
|
" race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
" race.finish();\n"
|
|
" // race.add_lap(42);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/methods/example.md:47
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* All four methods here use a different method receiver.\n"
|
|
" * You can point out how that changes what the function can do with the variable values and if/how it can be used again in `main`.\n"
|
|
" * You can showcase the error that appears when trying to call `finish` twice.\n"
|
|
"* Note that although the method receivers are different, the non-static functions are called the same way in the main body. Rust enables automatic referencing and dereferencing when calling methods. Rust automatically adds in the `&`, `*`, `muts` so that that object matches the method signature.\n"
|
|
"* You might point out that `print_laps` is using a vector that is iterated over. We describe vectors in more detail in the afternoon. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"Pontos chave:\n"
|
|
"* Todos os quatro métodos aqui usam um receptor de método diferente.\n"
|
|
" * Você pode apontar como isso muda o que a função pode fazer com os valores das variáveis e se/como ela pode ser usada novamente em `main`.\n"
|
|
" * Você pode mostrar o erro que aparece ao tentar chamar `finish` duas vezes.\n"
|
|
"* Observe que, embora os receptores do método sejam diferentes, as funções não estáticas são chamadas da mesma maneira no corpo principal. Rust permite referenciar e desreferenciar automaticamente ao chamar métodos. Rust adiciona automaticamente `&`, `*`, `muts` para que esse objeto corresponda à assinatura do método.\n"
|
|
"* Você pode apontar que `print_laps` está usando um vetor iterado. Descreveremos os vetores com mais\n"
|
|
"detalhes à tarde."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Pattern Matching"
|
|
msgstr "# Correspondência de padrões"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `match` keyword let you match a value against one or more _patterns_. The\n"
|
|
"comparisons are done from top to bottom and the first match wins."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A palavra-chave `match` permite que você corresponda um valor a um ou mais _padrões_ (_patterns_). As\n"
|
|
" comparações são feitas de cima para baixo e a primeira correspondência encontrada é selecionada."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:6
|
|
msgid "The patterns can be simple values, similarly to `switch` in C and C++:"
|
|
msgstr "Os padrões podem ser valores simples, similarmente a `switch` em C e C++:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let input = 'x';\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" match input {\n"
|
|
" 'q' => println!(\"Quitting\"),\n"
|
|
" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Moving around\"),\n"
|
|
" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Number input\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Something else\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" match input {\n"
|
|
" 'q' => println!(\"Sair\"),\n"
|
|
" 'a' | 's' | 'w' | 'd' => println!(\"Movendo-se\"),\n"
|
|
" '0'..='9' => println!(\"Entrada numérica\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Algo mais\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:21
|
|
msgid "The `_` pattern is a wildcard pattern which matches any value."
|
|
msgstr "O padrão `_` é um padrão curinga que corresponde a qualquer valor."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* You might point out how some specific characters are being used when in a pattern\n"
|
|
" * `|` as an `or`\n"
|
|
" * `..` can expand as much as it needs to be\n"
|
|
" * `1..=5` represents an inclusive range\n"
|
|
" * `_` is a wild card\n"
|
|
"* It can be useful to show how binding works, by for instance replacing a wildcard character with a variable, or removing the quotes around `q`.\n"
|
|
"* You can demonstrate matching on a reference.\n"
|
|
"* This might be a good time to bring up the concept of irrefutable patterns, as the term can show up in error messages.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"Pontos chave:\n"
|
|
"* Você pode apontar como alguns caracteres específicos podem ser usados em um padrão\n"
|
|
" * `|` como um `ou`\n"
|
|
" * `..` pode expandir o quanto for necessário\n"
|
|
" * `1..=5` representa um intervalo inclusivo\n"
|
|
" * `_` é um curinga\n"
|
|
"* Pode ser útil mostrar como funciona a vinculação, por exemplo, substituindo um caractere curinga por uma variável ou removendo as aspas ao redor de `q`.\n"
|
|
"* Você pode demonstrar correspondência em uma referência.\n"
|
|
"* Este pode ser um bom momento para trazer à tona o conceito de padrões irrefutáveis, já que o termo pode aparecer em mensagens de erro.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Destructuring Enums"
|
|
msgstr "# Desestruturando enunerações (Enums)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Patterns can also be used to bind variables to parts of your values. This is how\n"
|
|
"you inspect the structure of your types. Let us start with a simple `enum` type:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Os padrões também podem ser usados para vincular variáveis a partes de seus valores. É assim\n"
|
|
"que você inspeciona a estrutura de seus tipos. Vamos começar com um tipo `enum` simples:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum Result {\n"
|
|
" Ok(i32),\n"
|
|
" Err(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
|
|
" if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let n = 100;\n"
|
|
" match divide_in_two(n) {\n"
|
|
" Result::Ok(half) => println!(\"{n} divided in two is {half}\"),\n"
|
|
" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"sorry, an error happened: {msg}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let n = 100;\n"
|
|
" match divide_por_dois(n) {\n"
|
|
" Result::Ok(metade) => println!(\"{n} dividido em dois é {metade}\"),\n"
|
|
" Result::Err(msg) => println!(\"Desculpe, ocorreu um erro: {msg}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here we have used the arms to _destructure_ the `Result` value. In the first\n"
|
|
"arm, `half` is bound to the value inside the `Ok` variant. In the second arm,\n"
|
|
"`msg` is bound to the error message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aqui usamos a verificação de correspondência para _desestruturar_ o valor contido em `Result`. Na primeira\n"
|
|
"verificação de correspondência, `metade` está vinculado ao valor dentro da variante `Ok`. Na segunda,\n"
|
|
"`msg` está vinculado à mensagem de erro."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-enums.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `if`/`else` expression is returning an enum that is later unpacked with a `match`.\n"
|
|
"* You can try adding a third variant to the enum definition and displaying the errors when running the code. Point out the places where your code is now inexhaustive and how the compiler tries to give you hints."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pontos chave:\n"
|
|
"* A expressão `if`/`else` está retornando um enum que é posteriormente descompactado com um `match`.\n"
|
|
"* Você pode tentar adicionar uma terceira variante à definição de Enum e exibir os erros ao executar o código. Aponte os lugares onde seu código agora é \"não exaustivo\" e como o compilador tenta lhe dar dicas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Destructuring Structs"
|
|
msgstr "# Desestruturando estruturas (Structs)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:3
|
|
msgid "You can also destructure `structs`:"
|
|
msgstr "Você também pode desestruturar `structs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Foo {\n"
|
|
" x: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
" y: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n"
|
|
" match foo {\n"
|
|
" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n"
|
|
" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, x = {i:?}\"),\n"
|
|
" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, other fields were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let foo = Foo { x: (1, 2), y: 3 };\n"
|
|
" match foo {\n"
|
|
" Foo { x: (1, b), y } => println!(\"x.0 = 1, b = {b}, y = {y}\"),\n"
|
|
" Foo { y: 2, x: i } => println!(\"y = 2, i = {i:?}\"),\n"
|
|
" Foo { y, .. } => println!(\"y = {y}, outros campos foram ignorados\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-structs.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns.\n"
|
|
"* Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed.\n"
|
|
"* The distinction between a capture and a constant expression can be hard to\n"
|
|
" spot. Try changing the `2` in the second arm to a variable, and see that it subtly\n"
|
|
" doesn't work. Change it to a `const` and see it working again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Destructuring Arrays"
|
|
msgstr "# Desestruturando Vetores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:3
|
|
msgid "You can destructure arrays, tuples, and slices by matching on their elements:"
|
|
msgstr "Você pode desestruturar vetores, tuplas e slices combinando seus elementos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let triple = [0, -2, 3];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {triple:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match triple {\n"
|
|
" [0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
" [1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let triplo = [0, -2, 3];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Fale-me sobre {triplo:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match triplo {\n"
|
|
" [0, y, z] => println!(\"Primeiro é 0, y = {y} e z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
" [1, ..] => println!(\"Primeiro é 1 e o resto foi ignorado\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Todos os elementos foram ignorados\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/destructuring-arrays.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed length.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3]);\n"
|
|
" inspect(&[0, -2, 3, 4]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
" fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {slice:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match slice {\n"
|
|
" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"First is 0, y = {y}, and z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
" &[1, ..] => println!(\"First is 1 and the rest were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"All elements were ignored\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Create a new pattern using `_` to represent an element. \n"
|
|
"* Add more values to the array.\n"
|
|
"* Point out that how `..` will expand to account for different number of elements.\n"
|
|
"* Show matching against the tail with patterns `[.., b]` and `[a@..,b]`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn inspect(slice: &[i32]) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Fale-me sobre {slice:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match slice {\n"
|
|
" &[0, y, z] => println!(\"O primeiro é 0, y = {y}, e z = {z}\"),\n"
|
|
" &[1, ..] => println!(\"O primeiro é 1 e o restante é ignorado\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Todos os elementos foram ignorados\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```\n"
|
|
"* Mostre as correspondências com o final do padrão usando `[.., b]` e `[a@..,b]`\n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Match Guards"
|
|
msgstr "# Guardas de correspondência (match guards)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When matching, you can add a _guard_ to a pattern. This is an arbitrary Boolean\n"
|
|
"expression which will be executed if the pattern matches:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ao verificar uma correspondência, você pode adicionar um _guarda_ para um padrão. É uma expressão booleana\n"
|
|
"que será executada se o padrão corresponder:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let pair = (2, -2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Tell me about {pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match pair {\n"
|
|
" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"These are twins\"),\n"
|
|
" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n"
|
|
" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"The first one is odd\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"No correlation...\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let pair = (2, -2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Fale-me sobre {pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
" match pair {\n"
|
|
" (x, y) if x == y => println!(\"Estes são gêmeos\"),\n"
|
|
" (x, y) if x + y == 0 => println!(\"Antimatter, kaboom!\"),\n"
|
|
" (x, _) if x % 2 == 1 => println!(\"O primeiro é ímpar\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Sem correlação...\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/pattern-matching/match-guards.md:23
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Match guards as a separate syntax feature are important and necessary when we wish to concisely express more complex ideas than patterns alone would allow.\n"
|
|
"* They are not the same as separate `if` expression inside of the match arm. An `if` expression inside of the branch block (after `=>`) happens after the match arm is selected. Failing the `if` condition inside of that block won't result in other arms\n"
|
|
"of the original `match` expression being considered. \n"
|
|
"* You can use the variables defined in the pattern in your if expression.\n"
|
|
"* The condition defined in the guard applies to every expression in a pattern with an `|`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pontos chave:\n"
|
|
"* Guardas de correspondência, como um recurso de sintaxe separado, são importantes e necessários.\n"
|
|
"Permitem expressar ideias mais complexas do que somente o padrão permitiria.\n"
|
|
"* Eles não são iguais à expressão `if` separada dentro do bloco de correspondência. Uma expressão `if` dentro do bloco de ramificação (depois de `=>`) acontece depois que a correspondência é selecionada. A falha na condição `if` dentro desse bloco não resultará em outras verificações de correspondência\n"
|
|
"da expressão `match` original serem consideradas.\n"
|
|
"* Você pode usar as variáveis definidas no padrão em sua expressão `if`.\n"
|
|
"* A condição definida na guarda se aplica a todas as expressões em um padrão com um `|`.\n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 2: Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 2: Exercícios matinais"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will look at implementing methods in two contexts:"
|
|
msgstr "Veremos a implementação de métodos em dois contextos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Simple struct which tracks health statistics.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Multiple structs and enums for a drawing library."
|
|
msgstr "* Várias estruturas e enumerações para uma biblioteca de desenho."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Health Statistics"
|
|
msgstr "# Estatísticas de saúde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You're working on implementing a health-monitoring system. As part of that, you\n"
|
|
"need to keep track of users' health statistics."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Você está trabalhando na implementação de um sistema de monitoramento de saúde. Como parte disso, você\n"
|
|
"precisa acompanhar as estatísticas de saúde dos usuários."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You'll start with some stubbed functions in an `impl` block as well as a `User`\n"
|
|
"struct definition. Your goal is to implement the stubbed out methods on the\n"
|
|
"`User` `struct` defined in the `impl` block."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Você começará com algumas funções fragmentadas em um bloco `impl` e também com a definição da estrutura `User`.\n"
|
|
"Seu objetivo é implementar os métodos esboçados para a\n"
|
|
"`struct` `User` definidos no bloco `impl`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing\n"
|
|
"methods:"
|
|
msgstr "Copie o código abaixo para <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e implemente os métodos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/health-statistics.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct User {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" age: u32,\n"
|
|
" weight: f32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl User {\n"
|
|
" pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_weight() {\n"
|
|
" let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.weight(), 155.2);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_set_age() {\n"
|
|
" let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
|
|
" bob.set_age(33);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Polygon Struct"
|
|
msgstr "# Estrutura para polígono"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will create a `Polygon` struct which contain some points. Copy the code below\n"
|
|
"to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing methods to make the\n"
|
|
"tests pass:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vamos criar uma estrutura `Poligono` que contém alguns `Pontos`. Copie o código abaixo\n"
|
|
"para <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e preencha os métodos que faltam para fazer os\n"
|
|
"testes passarem:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Point {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
" // add fields\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Circle {\n"
|
|
" // add methods\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
" Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
" let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
" .iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:117
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since the method signatures are missing from the problem statements, the key part\n"
|
|
"of the exercise is to specify those correctly. You don't have to modify the tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Como as assinaturas dos métodos estão faltando nas declarações do problema, a parte principal\n"
|
|
"do exercício é especificá-las corretamente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:120
|
|
msgid "Other interesting parts of the exercise:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/points-polygons.md:122
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Derive a `Copy` trait for some structs, as in tests the methods sometimes don't borrow their arguments.\n"
|
|
"* Discover that `Add` trait must be implemented for two objects to be addable via \"+\". Note that we do not discuss generics until Day 3."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Outras partes interessantes do exercício:\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Derive um _trait_ `Copy` para algumas estruturas, já que em testes os métodos às vezes não emprestam seus argumentos.\n"
|
|
"* Descubra que o trait `Add` deve ser implementado para que dois objetos sejam adicionados via \"+\"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "# Controle de fluxo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As we have seen, `if` is an expression in Rust. It is used to conditionally\n"
|
|
"evaluate one of two blocks, but the blocks can have a value which then becomes\n"
|
|
"the value of the `if` expression. Other control flow expressions work similarly\n"
|
|
"in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Como vimos, `if` é uma expressão em Rust. É usado para condicionalmente\n"
|
|
"avaliar um dos dois blocos, mas os blocos podem ter um valor que então se torna\n"
|
|
"o valor da expressão `if`. Outras expressões de fluxo de controle funcionam de forma semelhante\n"
|
|
"em Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Blocks"
|
|
msgstr "# Blocos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A block in Rust has a value and a type: the value is the last expression of the\n"
|
|
"block:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Um bloco em Rust tem um valor e um tipo: o valor é a última expressão do\n"
|
|
"bloco:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = {\n"
|
|
" let y = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
" let z = {\n"
|
|
" let w = {\n"
|
|
" 3 + 4\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n"
|
|
" y * w\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n"
|
|
" z - y\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = {\n"
|
|
" let y = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
" let z = {\n"
|
|
" let w = {\n"
|
|
" 3 + 4\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"w: {w}\");\n"
|
|
" y * w\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"z: {z}\");\n"
|
|
" z - y\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The same rule is used for functions: the value of the function body is the\n"
|
|
"return value:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A mesma regra é usada para funções: o valor do corpo da função é o\n"
|
|
"valor de retorno:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" x + x\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"doubled: {}\", double(7));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"dobro: {}\", dobro(7));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:38
|
|
msgid "However if the last expression ends with `;`, then the resulting value and type is `()`."
|
|
msgstr "No entanto, se a última expressão terminar com `;` o valor e o tipo do retorno será `()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/blocks.md:43
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The point of this slide is to show that blocks have a type and value in Rust. \n"
|
|
"* You can show how the value of the block changes by changing the last line in the block. For instance, adding/removing a semicolon or using a `return`.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Pontos chave:\n"
|
|
"* O objetivo deste slide é mostrar que os blocos têm um tipo e um valor em Rust.\n"
|
|
"* Você pode mostrar como o valor do bloco muda alterando a última linha do bloco. Por exemplo, adicionar/remover um ponto e vírgula (`;`) ou usar um `return`.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `if` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# Expressões Se (`if`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You use [`if`\n"
|
|
"expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-expr.html#if-expressions)\n"
|
|
"exactly like `if` statements in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x = x / 2;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x = x/2;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" x = 3 * x + 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In addition, you can use `if` as an expression. The last expression of each\n"
|
|
"block becomes the value of the `if` expression:"
|
|
msgstr "Além disso, você pode usá-lo como uma expressão. Isso faz o mesmo que acima:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-expressions.md:35
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Because `if` is an expression and must have a particular type, both of its branch blocks must have the same type. Consider showing what happens if you add `;` after `x / 2` in the second example."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Como `if` é uma expressão e deve ter um tipo específico, ambos os blocos de ramificação devem ter o mesmo tipo. Considere mostrar o que acontece se você adicionar um `;` depois de `x / 2` no segundo exemplo.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `if let` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# Expressões Se (`if let`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`if let`\n"
|
|
"expression](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/if-expr.html#if-let-expressions)\n"
|
|
"lets you execute different code depending on whether a value matches a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n"
|
|
" if let Some(value) = arg {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Program name: {value}\");\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Missing name?\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let arg = std::env::args().next();\n"
|
|
" if let Some(value) = arg {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"nome do programa: {value}\");\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Falta o nome?\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:18
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:21
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [pattern matching](../pattern-matching.md) for more details on patterns in\n"
|
|
"Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulte [correspondência de padrões](../pattern-matching.md) para obter mais detalhes sobre padrões em\n"
|
|
"Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/if-let-expressions.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is interesting. In contrast, `match` requires all branches to be covered.\n"
|
|
"* A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`.\n"
|
|
"* Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching.\n"
|
|
"* Since 1.65, a similar [let-else](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/let_else.html) construct allows to do a destructuring assignment, or if it fails, have a non-returning block branch (panic/return/break/continue):\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
" fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", second_word_to_upper(\"foo bar\"));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" fn second_word_to_upper(s: &str) -> Option<String> {\n"
|
|
" let mut it = s.split(' ');\n"
|
|
" let (Some(_), Some(item)) = (it.next(), it.next()) else {\n"
|
|
" return None;\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" Some(item.to_uppercase())\n"
|
|
" }"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `while` loops"
|
|
msgstr "# Expressões enquanto (`while`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`while` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-loops)\n"
|
|
"works very similar to other languages:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-expressions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" while x != 1 {\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" while x != 1 {\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"X final: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `while let` loops"
|
|
msgstr "# Expressões enquanto (`while let`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with `if let`, there is a [`while let`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#predicate-pattern-loops)\n"
|
|
"variant which repeatedly tests a value against a pattern:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Como com `if`, há uma variante `while let` que testa repetidamente se um valor\n"
|
|
"corresponde a um padrão:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Here the iterator returned by `v.iter()` will return a `Option<i32>` on every\n"
|
|
"call to `next()`. It returns `Some(x)` until it is done, after which it will\n"
|
|
"return `None`. The `while let` lets us keep iterating through all items."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Aqui o iterador retornado por `v.iter()` retornará uma `Option<i32>` em cada\n"
|
|
"chamada para `next()`. Ele retorna `Some(x)` até que seja concluído e, em seguida, retorna \n"
|
|
"`None`. O `while let` nos permite continuar iterando por todos os itens, enquando houver."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/while-let-expressions.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Point out that the `while let` loop will keep going as long as the value matches the pattern.\n"
|
|
"* You could rewrite the `while let` loop as an infinite loop with an if statement that breaks when there is no value to unwrap for `iter.next()`. The `while let` provides syntactic sugar for the above scenario.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Saliente que o laço `while let` continuará enquanto o valor corresponder ao padrão.\n"
|
|
"* Você pode reescrever o laço `while let` como um laço infinito com uma instrução if que quebra quando não há valor para desempacotar para `iter.next()`. O `while let` fornece açúcar sintático para o cenário acima.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `for` loops"
|
|
msgstr "## Laços `for`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`for` loop](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/keyword.for.html) is closely\n"
|
|
"related to the [`while let` loop](while-let-expression.md). It will\n"
|
|
"automatically call `into_iter()` on the expression and then iterate over it:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A expressão `for` está intimamente relacionada com a expressão `while let`. É\n"
|
|
"chamado automaticamente `into_iter()` na expressão e, em seguida, iterado sobre ela:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for x in v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" for x in v {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"i: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:21
|
|
msgid "You can use `break` and `continue` here as usual."
|
|
msgstr "Você pode usar `break` e `continue` aqui como de costume."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/for-expressions.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Index iteration is not a special syntax in Rust for just that case.\n"
|
|
"* `(0..10)` is a range that implements an `Iterator` trait. \n"
|
|
"* `step_by` is a method that returns another `Iterator` that skips every other element. \n"
|
|
"* Modify the elements in the vector and explain the compiler errors. Change vector `v` to be mutable and the for loop to `for x in v.iter_mut()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* A iteração de índice não é uma sintaxe especial no Rust apenas para esse caso.\n"
|
|
"* `(0..10)` é um intervalo que implementa uma característica `Iterator`.\n"
|
|
"* `step_by` é um método que retorna outro `Iterator` que pula todos os outros elementos.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `loop` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# Expressões de laço (`loop`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Finally, there is a [`loop` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#infinite-loops)\n"
|
|
"which creates an endless loop."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Here you must either `break` or `return` to stop the loop:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Finalmente, há uma palavra-chave `loop` que cria um laço infinito. Aqui você deve\n"
|
|
"usar `break` ou `return` para parar o laço:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut x = 10;\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" x = if x % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
" x / 2\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" 3 * x + 1\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" if x == 1 {\n"
|
|
" break;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Final x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/loop-expressions.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out.\n"
|
|
"* Note that `loop` is the only looping construct which returns a non-trivial\n"
|
|
" value. This is because it's guaranteed to be entered at least once (unlike\n"
|
|
" `while` and `for` loops)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `match` expressions"
|
|
msgstr "# Expressões de correspondência (`match`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`match` keyword](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/match-expr.html)\n"
|
|
"is used to match a value against one or more patterns. In that sense, it works\n"
|
|
"like a series of `if let` expressions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A palavra-chave `match` é usada para corresponder um valor a um ou mais padrões. Nesse\n"
|
|
"sentido, funciona como uma série de expressões `if let`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n"
|
|
" Some(\"cat\") => println!(\"Will do cat things\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Will ls some files\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Let's move some files\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, dangerous!\"),\n"
|
|
" None => println!(\"Hmm, no program name?\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Unknown program name!\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" match std::env::args().next().as_deref() {\n"
|
|
" Some(\"gato\") => println!(\"Vai fazer coisas de gato\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"ls\") => println!(\"Serão alguns arquivos\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"mv\") => println!(\"Vamos mover alguns arquivos\"),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"rm\") => println!(\"Uh, perigoso!\"),\n"
|
|
" None => println!(\"Hmm, nenhum nome de programa?\"),\n"
|
|
" _ => println!(\"Nome de programa desconhecido!\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like `if let`, each match arm must have the same type. The type is the last\n"
|
|
"expression of the block, if any. In the example above, the type is `()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Como `if let`, cada braço de correspondência deve ter o mesmo tipo. O tipo é a última\n"
|
|
"expressão do bloco, se houver. No exemplo acima, o tipo é `()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/match-expressions.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Save the match expression to a variable and print it out.\n"
|
|
"* Remove `.as_deref()` and explain the error.\n"
|
|
" * `std::env::args().next()` returns an `Option<String>`, but we cannot match against `String`.\n"
|
|
" * `as_deref()` transforms an `Option<T>` to `Option<&T::Target>`. In our case, this turns `Option<String>` into `Option<&str>`.\n"
|
|
" * We can now use pattern matching to match against the `&str` inside `Option`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* Salve o resultado de uma expressão de correspondência `match` em uma variável e imprima-a.\n"
|
|
"* Remova `.as_deref()` e explique o erro gerado.\n"
|
|
" * `std::env::Agrs().next()` returns an `Option<&String>`, porém `match` não funciona com o tipo `String`.\n"
|
|
" * `as_deref()` transforma um tipo `Option<T>` em `Option<T::Target>`. Nesse caso, transforma um `Option<&String>` em `Option<&str>`.\n"
|
|
" * Agora podemos usar a correspondência de padrões em um `&str` dentro de um `Option`.\n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `break` and `continue`"
|
|
msgstr "# Interromper (`break`) e Continuar (`continue`)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- If you want to exit a loop early, use [`break`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#break-expressions),\n"
|
|
"- If you want to immediately start\n"
|
|
"the next iteration use [`continue`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/loop-expr.html#continue-expressions)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Both `continue` and `break` can optionally take a label argument which is used\n"
|
|
"to break out of nested loops:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se você quiser sair de um laços mais cedo, use `break`, se quiser iniciar imediatamente\n"
|
|
"a próxima iteração use `continue`. Ambos `continue` e `break` podem opcionalmente\n"
|
|
"receber um rótulo como argumento que é usado para sair de laços aninhados:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
" 'outer: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" let mut i = 0;\n"
|
|
" while i < x {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" i += 1;\n"
|
|
" if i == 3 {\n"
|
|
" break 'outer;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let mut iter = v.into_iter();\n"
|
|
" 'laco_externo: while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" let mut i = 0;\n"
|
|
" while i < x {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}, i: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" i += 1;\n"
|
|
" if i == 3 {\n"
|
|
" break 'laco_externo;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/control-flow/break-continue.md:28
|
|
msgid "In this case we break the outer loop after 3 iterations of the inner loop."
|
|
msgstr "Neste caso, quebramos o laço externo após 3 iterações do laço interno."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Standard Library"
|
|
msgstr "# Biblioteca padrão"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust comes with a standard library which helps establish a set of common types\n"
|
|
"used by Rust library and programs. This way, two libraries can work together\n"
|
|
"smoothly because they both use the same `String` type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust vem com uma biblioteca padrão que ajuda a estabelecer um conjunto de tipos comuns\n"
|
|
"usados pela biblioteca e programas Rust. Dessa forma, duas bibliotecas podem trabalhar juntas\n"
|
|
"sem problemas porque ambos usam o mesmo tipo `String`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:7
|
|
msgid "The common vocabulary types include:"
|
|
msgstr "As palavras reservadas de tipo comuns incluem:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional values\n"
|
|
" and [error handling](error-handling.md).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing\n"
|
|
" algorithm.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated data."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * In fact, Rust contains several layers of the Standard Library: `core`, `alloc` and `std`. \n"
|
|
" * `core` includes the most basic types and functions that don't depend on `libc`, allocator or\n"
|
|
" even the presence of an operating system. \n"
|
|
" * `alloc` includes types which require a global heap allocator, such as `Vec`, `Box` and `Arc`.\n"
|
|
" * Embedded Rust applications often only use `core`, and sometimes `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
" * Na verdade, Rust contém várias camadas da Biblioteca Padrão: `core`, `alloc` e `std`.\n"
|
|
" * `core` inclui os tipos e funções mais básicos que não dependem de `libc`, alocador ou\n"
|
|
" até mesmo a presença de um sistema operacional.\n"
|
|
" * `alloc` inclui tipos que requerem um alocador de heap global, como `Vec`, `Box` e `Arc`.\n"
|
|
" * Os aplicativos Rust embarcados geralmente usam apenas `core` e, às vezes, `alloc`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Option` and `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Option` e `Result`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:3
|
|
msgid "The types represent optional data:"
|
|
msgstr "Os tipos representam dados opcionais:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let numbers = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let first: Option<&i8> = numbers.first();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"first: {first:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let idx: Result<usize, usize> = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let numeros = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let primeiro: Option<&i8> = numeros.first();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Primeiro: {primeiro:?}\");"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/option-result.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Option` and `Result` are widely used not just in the standard library.\n"
|
|
"* `Option<&T>` has zero space overhead compared to `&T`.\n"
|
|
"* `Result` is the standard type to implement error handling as we will see on Day 3.\n"
|
|
"* `binary_search` returns `Result<usize, usize>`.\n"
|
|
" * If found, `Result::Ok` holds the index where the element is found.\n"
|
|
" * Otherwise, `Result::Err` contains the index where such an element should be inserted."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `Option` e `Result` são amplamente usados não apenas na biblioteca padrão.\n"
|
|
"* `Option<&T>` tem sobrecarga de espaço zero em comparação com `&T`.\n"
|
|
"* `Result` é o tipo padrão para implementar o tratamento de erros, como veremos no Dia 3.\n"
|
|
"* `binary_search` retorna `Result<usize, usize>`.\n"
|
|
" * Se encontrado, `Result::Ok` contém o índice onde o elemento foi encontrado.\n"
|
|
" * Caso contrário, `Result::Err` contém o índice onde tal elemento deve ser inserido."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:1
|
|
msgid "# String"
|
|
msgstr "# String"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:3
|
|
msgid "[`String`][1] is the standard heap-allocated growable UTF-8 string buffer:"
|
|
msgstr "[`String`][1] é o buffer padrão de cadeia de caracteres UTF-8 expansível e alocado no heap:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
|
|
" s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
" s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
|
|
" s2.push('!');\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
|
|
" s3.chars().count());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`String` implements [`Deref<Target = str>`][2], which means that you can call all\n"
|
|
"`str` methods on a `String`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`String` implementa [`Deref<Target = str>`][2], o que significa que você pode chamar todos\n"
|
|
"os métodos contidos em `str` em uma `String`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/string.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `String::new` returns a new empty string, use `String::with_capacity` when you know how much data you want to push to the string.\n"
|
|
"* `String::len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes (which can be different from its length in characters).\n"
|
|
"* `String::chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters. Note that a `char` can be different from what a human will consider a \"character\" due to [grapheme clusters](https://docs.rs/unicode-segmentation/latest/unicode_segmentation/struct.Graphemes.html).\n"
|
|
"* When people refer to strings they could either be talking about `&str` or `String`. \n"
|
|
"* When a type implements `Deref<Target = T>`, the compiler will let you transparently call methods from `T`.\n"
|
|
" * `String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it access to `str`'s methods.\n"
|
|
" * Write and compare `let s3 = s1.deref();` and `let s3 = &*s1`;.\n"
|
|
"* `String` is implemented as a wrapper around a vector of bytes, many of the operations you see supported on vectors are also supported on `String`, but with some extra guarantees.\n"
|
|
"* Compare the different ways to index a `String`:\n"
|
|
" * To a character by using `s3.chars().nth(i).unwrap()` where `i` is in-bound, out-of-bounds.\n"
|
|
" * To a substring by using `s3[0..4]`, where that slice is on character boundaries or not."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Vec`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Vec`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:3
|
|
msgid "[`Vec`][1] is the standard resizable heap-allocated buffer:"
|
|
msgstr "[`Vec`][1] é o buffer padrão redimensionável alocado no heap:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v1.push(42);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
" v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
|
|
" v2.push(9999);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
|
|
" let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Retain only the even elements.\n"
|
|
" v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
|
|
" v3.dedup();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Vec` implements [`Deref<Target = [T]>`][2], which means that you can call slice\n"
|
|
"methods on a `Vec`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Vec` implementa [`Deref<Target = [T]>`][2], o que significa que você pode chamar métodos de slice\n"
|
|
"em um `Vec`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/vec.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Vec` is a type of collection, along with `String` and `HashMap`. The data it contains is stored\n"
|
|
" on the heap. This means the amount of data doesn't need to be known at compile time. It can grow\n"
|
|
" or shrink at runtime.\n"
|
|
"* Notice how `Vec<T>` is a generic type too, but you don't have to specify `T` explicitly. As always\n"
|
|
" with Rust type inference, the `T` was established during the first `push` call.\n"
|
|
"* `vec![...]` is a canonical macro to use instead of `Vec::new()` and it supports adding initial\n"
|
|
" elements to the vector.\n"
|
|
"* To index the vector you use `[` `]`, but they will panic if out of bounds. Alternatively, using\n"
|
|
" `get` will return an `Option`. The `pop` function will remove the last element.\n"
|
|
"* Show iterating over a vector and mutating the value:\n"
|
|
" `for e in &mut v { *e += 50; }`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* `Vec` é um tipo de coleção, como `String` e `HashMap`. Os dados que ele contém são armazenados\n"
|
|
" no heap. Isso significa que a quantidade de dados não precisa ser conhecida em tempo de compilação. Pode crescer\n"
|
|
" ou encolher em tempo de execução.\n"
|
|
"* Observe como `Vec<T>` também é um tipo genérico, mas você não precisa especificar `T` explicitamente. Como sempre,\n"
|
|
" com a inferência de tipo Rust, o `T` foi estabelecido durante a primeira chamada `push`.\n"
|
|
"* `vec![...]` é uma macro canônica para usar em vez de `Vec::new()` e suporta adicionar elementos\n"
|
|
" iniciais ao vetor.\n"
|
|
"* Para indexar o vetor, você usa `[` `]`, mas uma excessão do tipo _pânico_ (`panic`) será gerada se o índice estiver\n"
|
|
"fora dos limites. Alternativamente, usando\n"
|
|
" `get` você obterá uma `Option`. A função `pop` removerá o último elemento.\n"
|
|
"* Mostrar iterando sobre um vetor e alterando o valor:\n"
|
|
" `for e in &mut v { *e += 50; }`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `HashMap`"
|
|
msgstr "# `HashMap`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:3
|
|
msgid "Standard hash map with protection against HashDoS attacks:"
|
|
msgstr "Mapa de _hash_ padrão com proteção contra ataques HashDoS:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), 207);\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n"
|
|
" page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n"
|
|
" page_counts.len());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
" match page_counts.get(book) {\n"
|
|
" Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n"
|
|
" None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
|
|
" for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
" let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string()).or_insert(0);\n"
|
|
" *page_count += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/hashmap.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `HashMap` is not defined in the prelude and needs to be brought into scope.\n"
|
|
"* Try the following lines of code. The first line will see if a book is in the hashmap and if not return an alternative value. The second line will insert the alternative value in the hashmap if the book is not found.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" let pc1 = page_counts\n"
|
|
" .get(\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone \")\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(&336);\n"
|
|
" let pc2 = page_counts\n"
|
|
" .entry(\"The Hunger Games\".to_string())\n"
|
|
" .or_insert(374);\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"* Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro.\n"
|
|
" * Although, since Rust 1.56, HashMap implements [`From<[(K, V); N]>`][1], which allows us to easily initialize a hash map from a literal array:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" let page_counts = HashMap::from([\n"
|
|
" (\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\".to_string(), 336),\n"
|
|
" (\"The Hunger Games\".to_string(), 374),\n"
|
|
" ]);\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Alternatively HashMap can be built from any `Iterator` which yields key-value tuples.\n"
|
|
"* We are showing `HashMap<String, i32>`, and avoid using `&str` as key to make examples easier. Using references in collections can, of course, be done,\n"
|
|
" but it can lead into complications with the borrow checker.\n"
|
|
" * Try removing `to_string()` from the example above and see if it still compiles. Where do you think we might run into issues?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Box`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Box`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:3
|
|
msgid "[`Box`][1] is an owned pointer to data on the heap:"
|
|
msgstr "[`Box`][1] é um ponteiro de propriedade para dados no heap:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let five = Box::new(5);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"five: {}\", *five);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let cinco = Box::new(5);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"cinco: {}\", *cinco);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": five : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - -. .- - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": cinco : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
": | o---|---+-----+-->| 5 | :\n"
|
|
": +-----+ : : +-----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - -' `- - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Box<T>` implements `Deref<Target = T>`, which means that you can [call methods\n"
|
|
"from `T` directly on a `Box<T>`][2]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Box<T>` implementa `Deref<Target = T>`, o que significa que você pode [chamar métodos\n"
|
|
"de `T` diretamente em um `Box<T>`][2]."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box.md:34
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++, except that it's guaranteed to be not null. \n"
|
|
"* In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` statement thanks to `Deref`. \n"
|
|
"* A `Box` can be useful when you:\n"
|
|
" * have a type whose size that can't be known at compile time, but the Rust compiler wants to know an exact size.\n"
|
|
" * want to transfer ownership of a large amount of data. To avoid copying large amounts of data on the stack, instead store the data on the heap in a `Box` so only the pointer is moved."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `Box` é parecido com `std::unique_ptr` em C++. \n"
|
|
"* No exemplo acima, você pode remover o `*` na instrução `println!` graças ao `Deref`. \n"
|
|
"* Uma `Box` é útil quando você:\n"
|
|
" * Tem um tipo cujo tamanho não está disponível em tempo de compilação, mas o compilador Rust precisa saber o tamanho exato.\n"
|
|
" * Precisa transferir a propriedade de um dado grande. Ao invés de copiar grandes volumes de dados na pilha (`stack`),\n"
|
|
"os dados são armazenados usando uma `Box` na _heap_ e apenas o ponteiro é movido.</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Box with Recursive Data Structures"
|
|
msgstr "# `Box` com estruturas de dados recursivas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:3
|
|
msgid "Recursive data types or data types with dynamic sizes need to use a `Box`:"
|
|
msgstr "Tipos de dados recursivos ou tipos de dados com tamanhos dinâmicos precisam usar uma `Box`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:5 src/std/box-niche.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum List<T> {\n"
|
|
" Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
|
|
" Nil,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let list: List<i32> = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::new(List::Nil))));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let list: List<i32> = List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Cons(2, Box::new(List::Nil))));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{list:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": list : : :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": | Cons | 1 | o--+----+-----+--->| Cons | 2 | o--+--->| Nil | // | // | :\n"
|
|
": +------+----+----+ : : +------+----+----+ +------+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"'- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": lista : : :\n"
|
|
": +----------+-------+ : : +----------+--------+ +----------+------+ :\n"
|
|
": | 0 | 1 | : : .->| 0 | 2 | .->| ////// | //// | :\n"
|
|
": | \"1/Tag\"| o-----+--+-----+-' | \"1/Tag\"| o-----+-' | \"1/Tag\"| null | :\n"
|
|
": +----------+-------+ : : +----------+--------+ +----------+------+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-recursive.md:33
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* If the `Box` was not used here and we attempted to embed a `List` directly into the `List`,\n"
|
|
"the compiler would not compute a fixed size of the struct in memory, it would look infinite.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* `Box` solves this problem as it has the same size as a regular pointer and just points at the next\n"
|
|
"element of the `List` in the heap.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. \"Recursive with indirection\" is a hint you might want to use a Box or reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly. \n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"Se a `Box` não for usada aqui e tentarmos incorporar uma `List` diretamente na `List`,\n"
|
|
"o compilador não calcularia um tamanho fixo da estrutura na memória, pareceria infinito.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"`Box` resolve esse problema, pois tem o mesmo tamanho de um ponteiro normal e apenas aponta para o próximo\n"
|
|
"elemento da `List` na _heap_.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-niche.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Niche Optimization"
|
|
msgstr "# Otimização de Nicho"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-niche.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A `Box` cannot be empty, so the pointer is always valid and non-`null`. This\n"
|
|
"allows the compiler to optimize the memory layout:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Uma `Box` não pode estar vazia, então o ponteiro é sempre válido e não `nulo`. Isto\n"
|
|
"permite que o compilador otimize o layout da memória:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/box-niche.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": list : : :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------+ :\n"
|
|
": | 1 | o--+-----------+-----+--->| 2 | o--+--->| // | null | :\n"
|
|
": +----+----+ : : +----+----+ +----+------+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": lista : : :\n"
|
|
": +----------+-------+ : : +----------+--------+ +----------+------+ :\n"
|
|
": | 0 | 1 | : : .->| 0 | 2 | .->| ////// | //// | :\n"
|
|
": | \"1/Tag\"| o-----+--+-----+-' | \"1/Tag\"| o-----+-' | \"1/Tag\"| null | :\n"
|
|
": +----------+-------+ : : +----------+--------+ +----------+------+ :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Rc`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Rc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Rc`][1] is a reference-counted shared pointer. Use this when you need to refer\n"
|
|
"to the same data from multiple places:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Rc`][1] é um ponteiro compartilhado com contagem de referência. Use-o quando precisar consultar\n"
|
|
"os mesmos dados a partir de vários locais:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::rc::Rc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
|
|
" let mut b = Rc::clone(&a);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = 42;\n"
|
|
" let y = x;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y: {y}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* If you need to mutate the data inside an `Rc`, you will need to wrap the data in\n"
|
|
" a type such as [`Cell` or `RefCell`][2].\n"
|
|
"* See [`Arc`][3] if you are in a multi-threaded context.\n"
|
|
"* You can *downgrade* a shared pointer into a [`Weak`][4] pointer to create cycles\n"
|
|
" that will get dropped."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se você precisar alterar os dados dentro de um `Rc`, precisará agrupar os dados em\n"
|
|
"um tipo como [`Cell` ou `RefCell`][2]. Veja [`Arc`][3] se você estiver em um contexto multi-threads.\n"
|
|
"Você pode regredir um ponteiro compartilhado dentro de um ponteiro [`Weak`][4] para criar ciclos\n"
|
|
"que serão descartados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Rc`'s count ensures that its contained value is valid for as long as there are references.\n"
|
|
"* Like C++'s `std::shared_ptr`.\n"
|
|
"* `Rc::clone` is cheap: it creates a pointer to the same allocation and increases the reference count. Does not make a deep clone and can generally be ignored when looking for performance issues in code.\n"
|
|
"* `make_mut` actually clones the inner value if necessary (\"clone-on-write\") and returns a mutable reference.\n"
|
|
"* Use `Rc::strong_count` to check the reference count.\n"
|
|
"* Compare the different datatypes mentioned. `Box` enables (im)mutable borrows that are enforced at compile time. `RefCell` enables (im)mutable borrows that are enforced at run time and will panic if it fails at runtime.\n"
|
|
"* `Rc::downgrade` gives you a *weakly reference-counted* object to\n"
|
|
" create cycles that will be dropped properly (likely in combination with\n"
|
|
" `RefCell`)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Como `std::shared_ptr` do C++.\n"
|
|
"* `clone` é barato: cria um ponteiro para a mesma alocação e aumenta a contagem de referência.\n"
|
|
"* `make_mut` realmente clona o valor interno se necessário (\"clone-on-write\") e retorna uma referência mutável.\n"
|
|
"* Você pode invocar `downgrade()` em um `Rc` para obter um objeto contador de referências `Weak` para criar\n"
|
|
"ciclos que podem ser apropriadamente descartados (provavelmente combinados com `RefCell`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/std/rc.md:41
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n"
|
|
"use std::cell::RefCell;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Node {\n"
|
|
" value: i64,\n"
|
|
" parent: Option<Weak<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
|
|
" children: Vec<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut root = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n"
|
|
" value: 42,\n"
|
|
" parent: None,\n"
|
|
" children: vec![],\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" let child = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Node {\n"
|
|
" value: 43,\n"
|
|
" children: vec![],\n"
|
|
" parent: Some(Rc::downgrade(&root))\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" root.borrow_mut().children.push(child);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut raiz = Rc::new(RefCell::new(No {\n"
|
|
" valor: 42,\n"
|
|
" pai: None,\n"
|
|
" filhos: vec![],\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" let filho = Rc::new(RefCell::new(No {\n"
|
|
" valor: 43,\n"
|
|
" filhos: vec![],\n"
|
|
" pai: Some(Rc::downgrade(&raiz))\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" raiz.borrow_mut().filhos.push(filho);"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Modules"
|
|
msgstr "# Módulos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:3
|
|
msgid "We have seen how `impl` blocks let us namespace functions to a type."
|
|
msgstr "Vimos como os blocos `impl` nos permitem funções de usando espaços de nomes (_namespace_) para um tipo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:5
|
|
msgid "Similarly, `mod` lets us namespace types and functions:"
|
|
msgstr "Da mesma forma, `mod` nos permite tipos e funções usando espaço de nomes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"mod foo {\n"
|
|
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"In the foo module\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod bar {\n"
|
|
" pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"In the bar module\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" foo::do_something();\n"
|
|
" bar::do_something();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules.md:28
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Packages provide functionality and include a `Cargo.toml` file that describes how to build a bundle of 1+ crates.\n"
|
|
"* Crates are a tree of modules, where a binary crate creates an executable and a library crate compiles to a library.\n"
|
|
"* Modules define organization, scope, and are the focus of this section."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Pacotes (packages) forneces funcionalidades e incluem o arquivo `Cargo.toml` que descreve como gerar o pacote com um ou mais _crates_.\n"
|
|
"* _Crates_ são arvores de módulos onde um _crate_ birário cria um executável e um _crate_ de biblioteca compila uma biblioteca.\n"
|
|
"* Módulos definem a organização, o escopo e são o foco desta sessão."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Visibility"
|
|
msgstr "# Visibilidade"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:3
|
|
msgid "Modules are a privacy boundary:"
|
|
msgstr "Os módulos são um limitador de privacidade:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Module items are private by default (hides implementation details).\n"
|
|
"* Parent and sibling items are always visible.\n"
|
|
"* In other words, if an item is visible in module `foo`, it's visible in all the\n"
|
|
" descendants of `foo`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Os itens do módulo são privados por padrão (ocultam detalhes de implementação).\n"
|
|
"* Os itens pai e irmão estão sempre visíveis."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"mod outer {\n"
|
|
" fn private() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::private\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::public\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" mod inner {\n"
|
|
" fn private() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n"
|
|
" super::private();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" outer::public();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:39
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "* Use the `pub` keyword to make modules public."
|
|
msgstr "* Use a palavra reservada `pub` para tornar um módulo público."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:41
|
|
msgid "Additionally, there are advanced `pub(...)` specifiers to restrict the scope of public visibility."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Adicionamente, existem especificadores `pub(...)` avançados para restringir o\n"
|
|
"escopo da visibilidade pública."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/visibility.md:43
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* See the [Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself).\n"
|
|
"* Configuring `pub(crate)` visibility is a common pattern.\n"
|
|
"* Less commonly, you can give visibility to a specific path.\n"
|
|
"* In any case, visibility must be granted to an ancestor module (and all of its descendants)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Veja a [Referência Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/visibility-and-privacy.html#pubin-path-pubcrate-pubsuper-and-pubself).\n"
|
|
"* `pub(crate)` é a configuração padrão de visibilidade.\n"
|
|
"* Menos comum, você pode dar visibilidade para um caminho específico.\n"
|
|
"* Em todo caso, a visibilidade deve ser concedida ao módulo ancestral (e a todos os seus descendentes)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Paths"
|
|
msgstr "# Caminhos (paths)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:3
|
|
msgid "Paths are resolved as follows:"
|
|
msgstr "Os caminhos são resolvidos da seguinte forma:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"1. As a relative path:\n"
|
|
" * `foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,\n"
|
|
" * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"2. As an absolute path:\n"
|
|
" * `crate::foo` refers to `foo` in the root of the current crate,\n"
|
|
" * `bar::foo` refers to `foo` in the `bar` crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"2. Como um caminho absoluto:\n"
|
|
" * `crate::foo` refere-se a `foo` na raiz do _crate_ atual,\n"
|
|
" * `bar::foo` refere-se a `foo` no _crate_ `bar`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A module can bring symbols from another module into scope with `use`.\n"
|
|
"You will typically see something like this at the top of each module:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/paths.md:16
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashSet;\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::transmute;\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashMap;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Filesystem Hierarchy"
|
|
msgstr "# Hierarquia do sistema de arquivos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:3
|
|
msgid "The module content can be omitted:"
|
|
msgstr "O conteúdo do módulo pode ser omitido:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"mod garden;\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"mod garden;\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:9
|
|
msgid "The `garden` module content is found at:"
|
|
msgstr "O conteúdo do módulo `garden` é encontrado em:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `src/garden.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)\n"
|
|
"* `src/garden/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `src/garden.rs` (estilo Rust 2018 moderno)\n"
|
|
"* `src/garden/mod.rs` (antigo estilo Rust 2015)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:14
|
|
msgid "Similarly, a `garden::vegetables` module can be found at:"
|
|
msgstr "Da mesma forma, um módulo `garden::vegetables` pode ser encontrado em:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `src/garden/vegetables.rs` (modern Rust 2018 style)\n"
|
|
"* `src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (older Rust 2015 style)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `src/garden/vegetables.rs` (estilo Rust 2018 moderno)\n"
|
|
"* `src/garden/vegetables/mod.rs` (antigo estilo Rust 2015)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:19
|
|
msgid "The `crate` root is in:"
|
|
msgstr "A raiz `crate` está em:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `src/lib.rs` (for a library crate)\n"
|
|
"* `src/main.rs` (for a binary crate)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `src/lib.rs` (para um _crate_ de biblioteca)\n"
|
|
"* `src/main.rs` (para um _crate_ binário)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Modules defined in files can be documented, too, using \"inner doc comments\".\n"
|
|
"These document the item that contains them -- in this case, a module."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! This module implements the garden, including a highly performant germination\n"
|
|
"//! implementation.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Re-export types from this module.\n"
|
|
"pub use seeds::SeedPacket;\n"
|
|
"pub use garden::Garden;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Sow the given seed packets.\n"
|
|
"pub fn sow(seeds: Vec<SeedPacket>) { todo!() }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Harvest the produce in the garden that is ready.\n"
|
|
"pub fn harvest(garden: &mut Garden) { todo!() }\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/modules/filesystem.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The change from `module/mod.rs` to `module.rs` doesn't preclude the use of submodules in Rust 2018.\n"
|
|
" (It was mandatory in Rust 2015.)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" The following is valid:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```ignore\n"
|
|
" src/\n"
|
|
" ├── main.rs\n"
|
|
" ├── top_module.rs\n"
|
|
" └── top_module/\n"
|
|
" └── sub_module.rs\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The main reason for the change is to prevent many files named `mod.rs`, which can be hard\n"
|
|
" to distinguish in IDEs.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Rust will look for modules in `modulename/mod.rs` and `modulename.rs`, but this can be changed\n"
|
|
" with a compiler directive:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" #[path = \"some/path.rs\"]\n"
|
|
" mod some_module { }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" This is useful, for example, if you would like to place tests for a module in a file named\n"
|
|
" `some_module_test.rs`, similar to the convention in Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 2: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 2: Exercícios da Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "The exercises for this afternoon will focus on strings and iterators."
|
|
msgstr "Os exercícios desta tarde se concentrarão em strings e iteradores."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Luhn Algorithm"
|
|
msgstr "# Algoritmo de Luhn"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Luhn algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) is used to\n"
|
|
"validate credit card numbers. The algorithm takes a string as input and does the\n"
|
|
"following to validate the credit card number:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O [algoritmo Luhn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm) é usado para\n"
|
|
"validar números de cartão de crédito. O algoritmo recebe uma string como entrada e faz o\n"
|
|
"seguinte para validar o número do cartão de crédito:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Moving from right to left, double every second digit: for the number `1234`,\n"
|
|
" we double `3` and `1`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which\n"
|
|
" becomes `5`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and implement the\n"
|
|
"function:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copie o seguinte código para <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e implemente a\n"
|
|
"função:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/luhn.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Strings and Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "# Strings e iteradores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, you are implementing a routing component of a web server. The\n"
|
|
"server is configured with a number of _path prefixes_ which are matched against\n"
|
|
"_request paths_. The path prefixes can contain a wildcard character which\n"
|
|
"matches a full segment. See the unit tests below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Neste exercício, você está implementando um componente de roteamento de um servidor web. O\n"
|
|
"servidor está configurado com um número de _prefixos de caminhos_ que são comparados\n"
|
|
"com os _caminhos pedidos_. Os prefixos de caminho podem conter um caractere curinga que\n"
|
|
"corresponde a um segmento completo. Veja os testes unitários abaixo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following code to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and make the tests\n"
|
|
"pass. Try avoiding allocating a `Vec` for your intermediate results:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copie o seguinte código para <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e faça os testes\n"
|
|
"passarem. Tente evitar alocar um `Vec` para seus resultados intermediários:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/strings-iterators.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Day 3"
|
|
msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Dia 3"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:3
|
|
msgid "Today, we will cover some more advanced topics of Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Hoje, abordaremos alguns tópicos mais avançados em Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/welcome-day-3.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library\n"
|
|
" traits.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait\n"
|
|
" objects.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern\n"
|
|
" functions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Generics"
|
|
msgstr "# Generics (Genéricos)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust support generics, which lets you abstract an algorithm (such as sorting)\n"
|
|
"over the types used in the algorithm."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust oferece suporte a tipos genéricos, que permitem a um algoritmo (como classificação, por exemplo),\n"
|
|
"abstrair os tipos de dados usados no algoritmo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Generic Data Types"
|
|
msgstr "# Tipos de dados genéricos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:3
|
|
msgid "You can use generics to abstract over the concrete field type:"
|
|
msgstr "Você pode usar tipos genéricos para abstrair o tipo concreto do campo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point<T> {\n"
|
|
" x: T,\n"
|
|
" y: T,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Point { x: 5, y: 10 };\n"
|
|
" let float = Point { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{integer:?} and {float:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let inteiro = Ponto { x: 5, y: 10 };\n"
|
|
" let real = Ponto { x: 1.0, y: 4.0 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{inteiro:?} e {real:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/data-types.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Try declaring a new variable `let p = Point { x: 5, y: 10.0 };`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Fix the code to allow points that have elements of different types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Generic Methods"
|
|
msgstr "# Métodos Genéricos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:3
|
|
msgid "You can declare a generic type on your `impl` block:"
|
|
msgstr "Você pode declarar um tipo genérico em seu bloco `impl`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point<T>(T, T);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
|
|
" fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
" &self.0 // + 10\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p = Point(5, 10);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/methods.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* *Q:* Why `T` is specified twice in `impl<T> Point<T> {}`? Isn't that redundant?\n"
|
|
" * This is because it is a generic implementation section for generic type. They are independently generic.\n"
|
|
" * It means these methods are defined for any `T`.\n"
|
|
" * It is possible to write `impl Point<u32> { .. }`. \n"
|
|
" * `Point` is still generic and you can use `Point<f64>`, but methods in this block will only be available for `Point<u32>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* *Pergunta:* Por que `T` é especificado duas vezes em `impl<T> Ponto<T> {}`? Isso não é redundante?\n"
|
|
" * Isso ocorre porque é uma seção de implementação genérica para tipo genérico. Eles são genéricos de forma independente.\n"
|
|
" * Significa que esses métodos são definidos para qualquer `T`.\n"
|
|
" * É possível escrever `Impl Ponto<u32> { .. }`.\n"
|
|
" * `Ponto` ainda é genérico e você pode usar `Ponto<f64>`, mas os métodos neste bloco só estarão disponíveis para `Ponto<u32>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Monomorphization"
|
|
msgstr "# Monomorfização"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:3
|
|
msgid "Generic code is turned into non-generic code based on the call sites:"
|
|
msgstr "O código _genérico_ é transformado em código _não genérico_ de acordo com os tipos usados:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Some(5);\n"
|
|
" let float = Some(5.0);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let inteiro = Some(5);\n"
|
|
" let real = Some(5.0);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:12
|
|
msgid "behaves as if you wrote"
|
|
msgstr "se comporta como se você tivesse escrito"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:14
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"enum Option_i32 {\n"
|
|
" Some(i32),\n"
|
|
" None,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"enum Option_f64 {\n"
|
|
" Some(f64),\n"
|
|
" None,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let integer = Option_i32::Some(5);\n"
|
|
" let float = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let inteiro = Option_i32::Some(5);\n"
|
|
" let real = Option_f64::Some(5.0);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/generics/monomorphization.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a zero-cost abstraction: you get exactly the same result as if you had\n"
|
|
"hand-coded the data structures without the abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esta é uma abstração de custo zero: você obtém exatamente o mesmo resultado como se tivesse\n"
|
|
"codificado manualmente as estruturas de dados sem utilizar a abstração."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Traits (Características)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust lets you abstract over types with traits. They're similar to interfaces:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust permite abstrair características dos tipos usando `trait`. Eles são semelhantes às interfaces:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Pet {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Dog {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Cat;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" self.name.clone()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it anyway.\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn greet<P: Pet>(pet: &P) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Who's a cutie? {} is!\", pet.name());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let fido = Dog { name: \"Fido\".into() };\n"
|
|
" greet(&fido);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let captain_floof = Cat;\n"
|
|
" greet(&captain_floof);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Trait Objects"
|
|
msgstr "# Objetos `trait`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:3
|
|
msgid "Trait objects allow for values of different types, for instance in a collection:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Pet {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Dog {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Cat;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Dog {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" self.name.clone()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Pet for Cat {\n"
|
|
" fn name(&self) -> String {\n"
|
|
" String::from(\"The cat\") // No name, cats won't respond to it anyway.\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let pets: Vec<Box<dyn Pet>> = vec![\n"
|
|
" Box::new(Cat),\n"
|
|
" Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" for pet in pets {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello {}!\", pet.name());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:40
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Memory layout after allocating `pets`:"
|
|
msgstr "Layout da memória após alocar `xs`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:42
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": pets : : :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| o o | o o | :\n"
|
|
": | len | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacity | 2 | : : | | | | +---------------+ :\n"
|
|
": +-----------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| name: \"Fido\" | :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | +---------------+ :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | :\n"
|
|
" : | | | +----------------------+ : \n"
|
|
" : | | '---->| \"<Dog as Pet>::name\" | :\n"
|
|
" : | | +----------------------+ : \n"
|
|
" : | | : \n"
|
|
" : | | +-+ : \n"
|
|
" : | '-->|\\| : \n"
|
|
" : | +-+ : \n"
|
|
" : | : \n"
|
|
" : | +----------------------+ : \n"
|
|
" : '---->| \"<Cat as Pet>::name\" | : \n"
|
|
" : +----------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```bob\n"
|
|
" Stack Heap\n"
|
|
".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
": : : :\n"
|
|
": xs : : :\n"
|
|
": +------------+-------+ : : +-----+-----+ :\n"
|
|
": | ponteir | o---+--+-----+-->| o o | o o | :\n"
|
|
": | tamanho | 2 | : : +-|-|-+-|-|-+ :\n"
|
|
": | capacidade | 2 | : : | | | | +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
": +------------+-------+ : : | | | '-->| O | l | á | :\n"
|
|
": : : | | | +----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' : | | | :\n"
|
|
" : | | | +-------------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : | | '---->|\"<str as Display>::fmt\"| :\n"
|
|
" : | | +-------------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : | | :\n"
|
|
" : | | +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
" : | '-->| 7b | 00 | 00 | 00 | :\n"
|
|
" : | +----+----+----+----+ :\n"
|
|
" : | :\n"
|
|
" : | +-------------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : '---->|\"<i32 as Display>::fmt\"| :\n"
|
|
" : +-------------------------+ :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" : :\n"
|
|
" '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-objects.md:72
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Types that implement a given trait may be of different sizes. This makes it impossible to have things like `Vec<Pet>` in the example above.\n"
|
|
"* `dyn Pet` is a way to tell the compiler about a dynamically sized type that implements `Pet`.\n"
|
|
"* In the example, `pets` holds *fat pointers* to objects that implement `Pet`. The fat pointer consists of two components, a pointer to the actual object and a pointer to the virtual method table for the `Pet` implementation of that particular object.\n"
|
|
"* Compare these outputs in the above example:\n"
|
|
" ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<Cat>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<&Cat>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Pet>());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Pet>>());\n"
|
|
" ```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* _Traits_ podem especificar métodos pré-implementados (padrão) e métodos que os usuários devem implementar por conta própria. Os métodos com implementações padrão podem contar com os métodos necessários.\n"
|
|
"* Os tipos que implementam uma determinada característica podem ser de tamanhos diferentes. Isso torna impossível ter coisas como `Vec<Greet>` no exemplo acima.\n"
|
|
"* `dyn Greet` é uma maneira de dizer ao compilador sobre um tipo de tamanho dinâmico que implementa `Greet`.\n"
|
|
"* No exemplo, `pets` mantém _Fat Pointers_ para objetos que implementam `Greet`. O _Fat Pointer_ consiste em dois componentes, um ponteiro para o objeto real e um ponteiro para a tabela de métodos virtuais para a implementação de `Greet` desse objeto em particular."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Deriving Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# traits derivados"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:3
|
|
msgid "You can let the compiler derive a number of traits:"
|
|
msgstr "Você pode deixar o compilador derivar uma série de traits:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/deriving-traits.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct Player {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" strength: u8,\n"
|
|
" hit_points: u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Player::default();\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1.clone();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Is {:?}\\nequal to {:?}?\\nThe answer is {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n"
|
|
" if p1 == p2 { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Jogador::default();\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1.clone();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"É {:?}\\nigual a {:?}?\\nA resposta é {}!\", &p1, &p2,\n"
|
|
" if p1 == p2 { \"sim\" } else { \"não\" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Default Methods"
|
|
msgstr "# Métodos Padrão"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:3
|
|
msgid "Traits can implement behavior in terms of other trait methods:"
|
|
msgstr "Traits podem implementar o comportamento em termos de outros métodos de `trait`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"trait Equals {\n"
|
|
" fn equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" !self.equal(other)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Centimeter(i16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
|
|
" fn equal(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" self.0 == other.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = Centimeter(10);\n"
|
|
" let b = Centimeter(20);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equal(&b));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equal(&b));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default-methods.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Traits may specify pre-implemented (default) methods and methods that users are required to\n"
|
|
" implement themselves. Methods with default implementations can rely on required methods.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Move method `not_equal` to a new trait `NotEqual`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Make `NotEqual` a super trait for `Equal`.\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
" trait NotEqual: Equals {\n"
|
|
" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" !self.equal(other)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Provide a blanket implementation of `NotEqual` for `Equal`.\n"
|
|
" ```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
" trait NotEqual {\n"
|
|
" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" impl<T> NotEqual for T where T: Equals {\n"
|
|
" fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" !self.equal(other)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
" * With the blanket implementation, you no longer need `NotEqual` as a super trait for `Equal`.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Trait Bounds"
|
|
msgstr "# Limites de traits"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When working with generics, you often want to require the types to implement\n"
|
|
"some trait, so that you can call this trait's methods."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Ao trabalhar com genéricos, muitas vezes você exigir que os tipos implementem algum `trait`\n"
|
|
" para poder utilizar os métodos do `trait`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:6
|
|
msgid "You can do this with `T: Trait` or `impl Trait`:"
|
|
msgstr "Você consegue fazer isso com `T:Trait` ou `impl Trait`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn duplicate<T: Clone>(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n"
|
|
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
|
|
"// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
"fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// struct NotClonable;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
" let pair = duplicate(foo);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{pair:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{many}\");\n"
|
|
" let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{many_more}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:35
|
|
msgid "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"fn duplicate<T>(a: T) -> (T, T)\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" T: Clone,\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn duplicar<T: Clone>(a: T) -> (T, T) {\n"
|
|
" (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/trait-bounds.md:46
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* It declutters the function signature if you have many parameters.\n"
|
|
"* It has additional features making it more powerful.\n"
|
|
" * If someone asks, the extra feature is that the type on the left of \":\" can be arbitrary, like `Option<T>`.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Organiza a assinatura da função se você tiver muitos parâmetros.\n"
|
|
"* Possui recursos adicionais tornando-o mais poderoso.\n"
|
|
" * Se alguém perguntar, o recurso extra é que o tipo à esquerda de \":\" pode ser arbitrário, como `Option<T>`.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `impl Trait`"
|
|
msgstr "# Trait `impl`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Similar to trait bounds, an `impl Trait` syntax can be used in function\n"
|
|
"arguments and return values:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Semelhante aos limites do _trait_, a sintaxe do _trait_ `impl` pode ser usada em argumentos de funções\n"
|
|
"e em valores de retorno:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::Display;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "* `impl Trait` allows you to work with types which you cannot name."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `impl Trait` não pode ser usado com a sintaxe turbo fish `::<>`.\n"
|
|
"* `impl Trait` permite que você trabalhe com tipos que você não pode nomear."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:23
|
|
msgid "The meaning of `impl Trait` is a bit different in the different positions."
|
|
msgstr "O significado do _trait_ `impl` é um pouco difere de acordo com sua posição."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* For a parameter, `impl Trait` is like an anonymous generic parameter with a trait bound.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* For a return type, it means that the return type is some concrete type that implements the trait,\n"
|
|
" without naming the type. This can be useful when you don't want to expose the concrete type in a\n"
|
|
" public API.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Inference is hard in return position. A function returning `impl Foo` picks\n"
|
|
" the concrete type it returns, without writing it out in the source. A function\n"
|
|
" returning a generic type like `collect<B>() -> B` can return any type\n"
|
|
" satisfying `B`, and the caller may need to choose one, such as with `let x:\n"
|
|
" Vec<_> = foo.collect()` or with the turbofish, `foo.collect::<Vec<_>>()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Como parâmetro, o _trait_ `impl` é como um parâmetro genérico anônimo com um limitador de características (trait).\n"
|
|
"* Como tipo de retorno, significa que o tipo de retorno é algum tipo concreto que implementa o _trait_,\n"
|
|
" sem namear o tipo. Isso pode ser útil quando você não deseja expor o tipo concreto em uma\n"
|
|
" API pública."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/impl-trait.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This example is great, because it uses `impl Display` twice. It helps to explain that\n"
|
|
"nothing here enforces that it is _the same_ `impl Display` type. If we used a single \n"
|
|
"`T: Display`, it would enforce the constraint that input `T` and return `T` type are the same type.\n"
|
|
"It would not work for this particular function, as the type we expect as input is likely not\n"
|
|
"what `format!` returns. If we wanted to do the same via `: Display` syntax, we'd need two\n"
|
|
"independent generic parameters."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Este exemplo é ótimo, porque usa `impl Display` duas vezes. Isso ajuda a explicar\n"
|
|
"que nada impõe que, nos dois usos, `impl Display` seja _do mesmo_ tipo. Se usássemos um único\n"
|
|
"`T: Display`, imporia a restrição de que o tipo `T` de entrada e o tipo `T` de retorno são do mesmo tipo.\n"
|
|
"Isso não funcionaria para esta função específica, pois o tipo que esperamos como entrada provavelmente não é\n"
|
|
"o que `format!` retorna. Se quiséssemos fazer o mesmo através da sintaxe `: Display`, precisaríamos de dois\n"
|
|
"parâmetros genéricos independentes.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Important Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Traits importantes"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will now look at some of the most common traits of the Rust standard library:"
|
|
msgstr "Veremos agora os _Traits_ mais comuns da biblioteca padrão do Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/important-traits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`Iterator`][1] and [`IntoIterator`][2] used in `for` loops,\n"
|
|
"* [`From`][3] and [`Into`][4] used to convert values,\n"
|
|
"* [`Read`][5] and [`Write`][6] used for IO,\n"
|
|
"* [`Add`][7], [`Mul`][8], ... used for operator overloading, and\n"
|
|
"* [`Drop`][9] used for defining destructors.\n"
|
|
"* [`Default`][10] used to construct a default instance of a type."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [`Iterator`][1] e [`IntoIterator`][2] usados em laços `for`,\n"
|
|
"* [`From`][3] e [`Into`][4] usados na converção de valores,\n"
|
|
"* [`Read`][5] e [`Write`][6] usados em operações de IO,\n"
|
|
"* [`Add`][7], [`Mul`][8], ... usado na sobrecarga de operadores,\n"
|
|
"* [`Drop`][9] usado para definir destrutores e\n"
|
|
"* [`Default`][10] usado para construir uma instância padrão para um tipo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "# Iteradores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:3
|
|
msgid "You can implement the [`Iterator`][1] trait on your own types:"
|
|
msgstr "Você pode implementar o _trait_ `Iterator` em seus próprios tipos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
" curr: u32,\n"
|
|
" next: u32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for Fibonacci {\n"
|
|
" type Item = u32;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {\n"
|
|
" let new_next = self.curr + self.next;\n"
|
|
" self.curr = self.next;\n"
|
|
" self.next = new_next;\n"
|
|
" Some(self.curr)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let fib = Fibonacci { curr: 0, next: 1 };\n"
|
|
" for (i, n) in fib.enumerate().take(5) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"fib({i}): {n}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/iterator.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming operations over collections \n"
|
|
" (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where you can find all the documentation\n"
|
|
" about them. In Rust these functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative\n"
|
|
" implementations.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by collection types such as\n"
|
|
" `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it. This is why\n"
|
|
" you can iterate over a vector with `for i in some_vec { .. }` but\n"
|
|
" `some_vec.next()` doesn't exist."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:1
|
|
msgid "# FromIterator"
|
|
msgstr "# FromIterator"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:3
|
|
msgid "[`FromIterator`][1] lets you build a collection from an [`Iterator`][2]."
|
|
msgstr "`FromIterator` permite construir uma coleção a partir de um `Iterator`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let primes = vec![2, 3, 5, 7];\n"
|
|
" let prime_squares = primes\n"
|
|
" .into_iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(|prime| prime * prime)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Iterator` implements\n"
|
|
"`fn collect<B>(self) -> B\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" B: FromIterator<Self::Item>,\n"
|
|
" Self: Sized`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Iterator` implementa\n"
|
|
"`fn collect<B>(self) -> B\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" B: FromIterator<Self::Item>,\n"
|
|
" Self: Sized`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-iterator.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There are also implementations which let you do cool things like convert an\n"
|
|
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` into a `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Também existem implementações que permitem fazer coisas legais como converter um\n"
|
|
"`Iterator<Item = Result<V, E>>` em um `Result<Vec<V>, E>`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `From` and `Into`"
|
|
msgstr "# `From` e `Into`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:3
|
|
msgid "Types implement [`From`][1] and [`Into`][2] to facilitate type conversions:"
|
|
msgstr "Os tipos implementam `From` e `Into` para facilitar as conversões de tipo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"hello\");\n"
|
|
" let addr = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n"
|
|
" let one = i16::from(true);\n"
|
|
" let bigger = i32::from(123i16);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"Olá\");\n"
|
|
" let endereco_ipv4 = std::net::Ipv4Addr::from([127, 0, 0, 1]);\n"
|
|
" let um = i16::from(true);\n"
|
|
" let maior = i32::from(123i16);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{s}, {endereco_ipv4}, {um}, {maior}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:15
|
|
msgid "[`Into`][2] is automatically implemented when [`From`][1] is implemented:"
|
|
msgstr "[`Into`][2] é implementado automaticamente quando [`From`][1] é implementado:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s: String = \"hello\".into();\n"
|
|
" let addr: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n"
|
|
" let one: i16 = true.into();\n"
|
|
" let bigger: i32 = 123i16.into();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{s}, {addr}, {one}, {bigger}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s: String = \"Olá\".into();\n"
|
|
" let endereco_ipv4: std::net::Ipv4Addr = [127, 0, 0, 1].into();\n"
|
|
" let um: i16 = true.into();\n"
|
|
" let maior: i32 = 123i16.into();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{s}, {endereco_ipv4}, {um}, {maior}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/from-into.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* That's why it is common to only implement `From`, as your type will get `Into` implementation too.\n"
|
|
"* When declaring a function argument input type like \"anything that can be converted into a `String`\", the rule is opposite, you should use `Into`.\n"
|
|
" Your function will accept types that implement `From` and those that _only_ implement `Into`.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* É por isso que é comum implementar apenas `From`, já que seu tipo também receberá a implementação de `Into`.\n"
|
|
"* Ao declarar um tipo de entrada de argumento de função como \"qualquer coisa que possa ser convertida em `String`\", a regra é oposta, você deve usar `Into`.\n"
|
|
" Sua função aceitará tipos que implementam `From` e aqueles que _apenas_ implementam `Into`.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Read` and `Write`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Read` e `Write`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:3
|
|
msgid "Using [`Read`][1] and [`BufRead`][2], you can abstract over `u8` sources:"
|
|
msgstr "Usando `Read` e `BufRead`, você pode abstrair a leitura de conteúdos do tipo `u8`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Result};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn count_lines<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
|
|
" buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:23
|
|
msgid "Similarly, [`Write`][3] lets you abstract over `u8` sinks:"
|
|
msgstr "Da mesma forma, `Write` permite abstrair a escrita de dados do tipo `u8`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/read-write.md:25
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{Result, Write};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn log<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, msg: &str) -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" writer.write_all(msg.as_bytes())?;\n"
|
|
" writer.write_all(\"\\n\".as_bytes())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" log(&mut buffer, \"Hello\")?;\n"
|
|
" log(&mut buffer, \"World\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Logged: {:?}\", buffer);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" log(&mut buffer, \"Olá\")?;\n"
|
|
" log(&mut buffer, \"Mundo\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Logado: {:?}\", buffer);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:1
|
|
msgid "# The `Drop` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "# O Trait `Drop`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:3
|
|
msgid "Values which implement [`Drop`][1] can specify code to run when they go out of scope:"
|
|
msgstr "Valores que implementam [`Drop`][1] podem especificar o código a ser executado quando saem do escopo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"struct Droppable {\n"
|
|
" name: &'static str,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for Droppable {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = Droppable { name: \"a\" };\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let b = Droppable { name: \"b\" };\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let c = Droppable { name: \"c\" };\n"
|
|
" let d = Droppable { name: \"d\" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting block B\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting block A\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" drop(a);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Exiting main\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let a = Excluivel { nome: \"a\" };\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let b = Excluivel { nome: \"b\" };\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let c = Excluivel { nome: \"c\" };\n"
|
|
" let d = Excluivel { nome: \"d\" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Saindo do bloco B\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Saindo do bloco A\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" drop(a);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Saindo do main\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:34 src/traits/operators.md:26
|
|
msgid "Discussion points:"
|
|
msgstr "Pontos de discussão:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/drop.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Why doesn't `Drop::drop` take `self`?\n"
|
|
" * Short-answer: If it did, `std::mem::drop` would be called at the end of\n"
|
|
" the block, resulting in another call to `Drop::drop`, and a stack\n"
|
|
" overflow!\n"
|
|
"* Try replacing `drop(a)` with `a.drop()`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Por que `Drop::drop` não recebe `self`?\n"
|
|
" * Resposta curta: Se recebesse, `std::mem::drop` seria chamado no final do\n"
|
|
" bloco, resultando em outra chamada para `Drop::drop` ocasionando um estouro de pilha.\n"
|
|
"* Tente substituir `drop(a)` por `a.drop()`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:1
|
|
msgid "# The `Default` Trait"
|
|
msgstr "# O Trait `Default`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:3
|
|
msgid "[`Default`][1] trait provides a default implementation of a trait."
|
|
msgstr "O `trait` [`Default`][1] fornece uma implementação padrão para um `trait`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct Derived {\n"
|
|
" x: u32,\n"
|
|
" y: String,\n"
|
|
" z: Implemented,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Implemented(String);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Default for Implemented {\n"
|
|
" fn default() -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let default_struct: Derived = Default::default();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n"
|
|
" y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n"
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let nothing: Option<Derived> = None;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/default.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * It can be implemented directly or it can be derived via `#[derive(Default)]`.\n"
|
|
" * Derived implementation will produce an instance where all fields are set to their default values.\n"
|
|
" * This means all types in the struct must implement `Default` too.\n"
|
|
" * Standard Rust types often implement `Default` with reasonable values (e.g. `0`, `\"\"`, etc).\n"
|
|
" * The partial struct copy works nicely with default.\n"
|
|
" * Rust standard library is aware that types can implement `Default` and provides convenience methods that use it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" * Ele pode ser implementado diretamente ou derivado usando `#[derive(Default)]`.\n"
|
|
" * A implementação usando `derive` produz uma instância onde todos os campos são preenchidos\n"
|
|
" com seus valores padrão.\n"
|
|
" * Consequentemente, todos os tipos usados na estrutuda devem implementar `Default` também.\n"
|
|
" * Frequentemente, os tipos padrão do Rust implementam `Default` com valores razoáveis (ex: `0`, `\"\"`, etc).\n"
|
|
" * A cópia parcial de estrututas funciona bem em conjunto com _default_.\n"
|
|
" * A bilioteca padrão do Rust sabe que tipos podem implementar o `trait` `Default` e, convenientemente,\n"
|
|
" provê métodos para isso."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Add`, `Mul`, ..."
|
|
msgstr "# `Add`, `Mul`, ..."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:3
|
|
msgid "Operator overloading is implemented via traits in [`std::ops`][1]:"
|
|
msgstr "A sobrecarga de operadores é implementada por meio do `trait` contido em [`std::ops`][1]:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n"
|
|
"struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
" type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/operators.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* You could implement `Add` for `&Point`. In which situations is that useful? \n"
|
|
" * Answer: `Add:add` consumes `self`. If type `T` for which you are\n"
|
|
" overloading the operator is not `Copy`, you should consider overloading\n"
|
|
" the operator for `&T` as well. This avoids unnecessary cloning on the\n"
|
|
" call site.\n"
|
|
"* Why is `Output` an associated type? Could it be made a type parameter?\n"
|
|
" * Short answer: Type parameters are controlled by the caller, but\n"
|
|
" associated types (like `Output`) are controlled by the implementor of a\n"
|
|
" trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Você pode implementar `Add` para `&Ponto`. Em quais situações isso é útil?\n"
|
|
" * Resposta: `Add:add` consome `self`. Se digitar `T` para o qual você está\n"
|
|
" sobrecarregando o operador não implementa `Copy`, você deve considerar sobrecarregar\n"
|
|
" o operador para `&T` também. Isso evita a clonagem desnecessária no\n"
|
|
" local da chamada.\n"
|
|
"* Por que `Output` é um tipo associado? Poderia ser feito um parâmetro de tipo?\n"
|
|
" * Resposta curta: os parâmetros de tipo são controlados pelo chamador, mas\n"
|
|
" tipos associados (como `Output`) são controlados pelo implementador do\n"
|
|
" `trait`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Closures"
|
|
msgstr "# Closures"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Closures or lambda expressions have types which cannot be named. However, they\n"
|
|
"implement special [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html),\n"
|
|
"[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html), and\n"
|
|
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html) traits:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Closures ou expressões _lambda_ têm tipos que não podem ser nomeados. No entanto, eles\n"
|
|
"implementam os _traits_ especiais [`Fn`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Fn.html),\n"
|
|
"[`FnMut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnMut.html) e\n"
|
|
"[`FnOnce`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.FnOnce.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn apply_with_log(func: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, input: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Calling function on {input}\");\n"
|
|
" func(input)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
|
|
" let mul_5 = |x| x * 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"mul_5: {}\", apply_with_log(mul_5, 20));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn aplicar_com_registro(funcao: impl FnOnce(i32) -> i32, entrada: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Chamando a função com {entrada}\");\n"
|
|
" funcao(entrada)\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:25
|
|
msgid "If you have an `FnOnce`, you may only call it once. It might consume captured values."
|
|
msgstr "Se você tiver um `FnOnce`, poderá chamá-lo apenas uma vez. Pode consumir os valores capturados."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:27
|
|
msgid "An `FnMut` might mutate captured values, so you can call it multiple times but not concurrently."
|
|
msgstr "Um `FnMut` pode alterar os valores capturados, então você pode chamá-lo várias vezes, mas não simultaneamente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An `Fn` neither consumes nor mutates captured values, or perhaps captures nothing at all, so it can\n"
|
|
"be called multiple times concurrently."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Um `Fn` não consome nem muda os valores capturados ou talvez não capture nada, então, pode\n"
|
|
"ser chamado várias vezes simultaneamente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`FnMut` is a subtype of `FnOnce`. `Fn` is a subtype of `FnMut` and `FnOnce`. I.e. you can use an\n"
|
|
"`FnMut` wherever an `FnOnce` is called for, and you can use an `Fn` wherever an `FnMut` or `FnOnce`\n"
|
|
"is called for."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`FnMut` é um subtipo de `FnOnce`. `Fn` é um subtipo de `FnMut` e `FnOnce`. Ou seja você pode usar um\n"
|
|
"`FnMut` sempre que um `FnOnce` é chamado e você pode usar um `Fn` sempre que um `FnMut` ou um `FnOnce`\n"
|
|
"é chamado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/traits/closures.md:36
|
|
msgid "`move` closures only implement `FnOnce`."
|
|
msgstr "_Closures_ `move` implementam apenas `FnOnce`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 3: Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 3: Exercícios matinais"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will design a classical GUI library traits and trait objects."
|
|
msgstr "Vamos projetar uma biblioteca clássica de _traits_ de GUI e objetos de `trait`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:1
|
|
msgid "# A Simple GUI Library"
|
|
msgstr "# Uma biblioteca GUI simples"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us design a classical GUI library using our new knowledge of traits and\n"
|
|
"trait objects."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vamos projetar uma biblioteca GUI clássica usando nosso novo conhecimento de _traits_ e\n"
|
|
"objetos de `trait`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:6
|
|
msgid "We will have a number of widgets in our library:"
|
|
msgstr "Teremos vários _widgets_ em nossa biblioteca:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Window`: has a `title` and contains other widgets.\n"
|
|
"* `Button`: has a `label` and a callback function which is invoked when the\n"
|
|
" button is pressed.\n"
|
|
"* `Label`: has a `label`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `Window`: tem um `título` e contém outros _widgets_.\n"
|
|
"* `Button`: tem um `rótulo` e uma função de _callback_ que é invocada quando o\n"
|
|
" botão é pressionado.\n"
|
|
"* `Label`: tem um `rótulo`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:13
|
|
msgid "The widgets will implement a `Widget` trait, see below."
|
|
msgstr "Os _widgets_ irão implementar o `trait` `Widget`, veja abaixo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, fill in the missing\n"
|
|
"`draw_into` methods so that you implement the `Widget` trait:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copie o código abaixo para <https://play.rust-lang.org/>, codifique os\n"
|
|
"métodos `draw_into` para que você implemente o `trait` `Widget`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
" label: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Label {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
" Label {\n"
|
|
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label,\n"
|
|
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Button {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
" Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
" callback,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Window {\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
" Window {\n"
|
|
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
" self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
" \"Click me!\",\n"
|
|
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
|
|
" )));\n"
|
|
" window.draw();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:130
|
|
msgid "The output of the above program can be something simple like this:"
|
|
msgstr "A saída do programa acima pode ser algo simples como:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:132
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"========\n"
|
|
"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\n"
|
|
"========\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"This is a small text GUI demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"| Click me! |\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```texto\n"
|
|
"========\n"
|
|
"Demonstração da GUI do Rust 1.23\n"
|
|
"========"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:142
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you want to draw aligned text, you can use the\n"
|
|
"[fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment)\n"
|
|
"formatting operators. In particular, notice how you can pad with different\n"
|
|
"characters (here a `'/'`) and how you can control alignment:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se você quiser desenhar texto alinhado, você pode usar os\n"
|
|
"operadores de formatação [fill/alignment](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#fillalignment).\n"
|
|
"Em particular, observe como você pode preencher com diferentes\n"
|
|
"caracteres (aqui um `'/'`) e como você pode controlar o alinhamento:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:147
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let width = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"left aligned: |{:/<width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"centered: |{:/^width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"right aligned: |{:/>width$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let largura = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"alinhado à esquerda: |{:/<largura$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"centralizado: |{:/^largura$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"alinhado à direita: |{:/>largura$}|\", \"foo\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:156
|
|
msgid "Using such alignment tricks, you can for example produce output like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Usando esses truques de alinhamento, você pode, por exemplo, produzir uma saída como esta:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/simple-gui.md:158
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```text\n"
|
|
"+--------------------------------+\n"
|
|
"| Rust GUI Demo 1.23 |\n"
|
|
"+================================+\n"
|
|
"| This is a small text GUI demo. |\n"
|
|
"| +-----------+ |\n"
|
|
"| | Click me! | |\n"
|
|
"| +-----------+ |\n"
|
|
"+--------------------------------+\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```texto\n"
|
|
"+--------------------------------------------------+\n"
|
|
"| Rust GUI Demonstração 1.23 |\n"
|
|
"+==================================================+\n"
|
|
"| Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto. |\n"
|
|
"| +----------------+ |\n"
|
|
"| | Clique-me! | |\n"
|
|
"| +----------------+ |\n"
|
|
"+--------------------------------------------------+\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Error Handling"
|
|
msgstr "# Manipulação de erros"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:3
|
|
msgid "Error handling in Rust is done using explicit control flow:"
|
|
msgstr "O tratamento de erros em Rust é feito usando o fluxo de controle explícito:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Functions that can have errors list this in their return type,\n"
|
|
"* There are no exceptions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* As funções que podem ter erros mostram isso em seu tipo de retorno.\n"
|
|
"* Não há exceções."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Panics"
|
|
msgstr "# Panics (Pânico)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust will trigger a panic if a fatal error happens at runtime:"
|
|
msgstr "O Rust disparará um _panic_ (pânico) se um erro fatal ocorrer em tempo de execução:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,should_panic\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,should_panic\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v[100]: {}\", v[100]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panics.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Panics are for unrecoverable and unexpected errors.\n"
|
|
" * Panics are symptoms of bugs in the program.\n"
|
|
"* Use non-panicking APIs (such as `Vec::get`) if crashing is not acceptable."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* _Pânicos_ são para erros irrecuperáveis e inesperados.\n"
|
|
" * Pânicos são sintomas de bugs no programa.\n"
|
|
"* Use APIs que não disparam erros do tipo _pânico_ (como `Vec::get`) se travar o programa não for aceitável."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Catching the Stack Unwinding"
|
|
msgstr "# Capturando o desenrolar da pilha"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:3
|
|
msgid "By default, a panic will cause the stack to unwind. The unwinding can be caught:"
|
|
msgstr "Por padrão, um pânico fará com que a pilha se desenrole. O desenrolamento pode ser capturado:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::panic;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"hello!\");\n"
|
|
"});\n"
|
|
"assert!(result.is_ok());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
" panic!(\"oh no!\");\n"
|
|
"});\n"
|
|
"assert!(result.is_err());\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/panic-unwind.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* This can be useful in servers which should keep running even if a single\n"
|
|
" request crashes.\n"
|
|
"* This does not work if `panic = 'abort'` is set in your `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Isso pode ser útil em servidores que devem continuar rodando mesmo se uma\n"
|
|
" requisição tenha falhado.\n"
|
|
"* Isso não funciona se `panic = 'abort'` estiver definido em seu `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Structured Error Handling with `Result`"
|
|
msgstr "# Tratamento estruturado de erros com `Result`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We have already seen the `Result` enum. This is used pervasively when errors are\n"
|
|
"expected as part of normal operation:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Já vimos o _Enum_ `Result`. Ele é usado amplamente quando os erros são\n"
|
|
"esperados como parte da operação normal:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fs::File;\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let file = File::open(\"diary.txt\");\n"
|
|
" match file {\n"
|
|
" Ok(mut file) => {\n"
|
|
" let mut contents = String::new();\n"
|
|
" file.read_to_string(&mut contents);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Dear diary: {contents}\");\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"The diary could not be opened: {err}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let arquivo = File::open(\"diario.txt\");\n"
|
|
" match arquivo {\n"
|
|
" Ok(mut arquivo) => {\n"
|
|
" let mut conteudo = String::new();\n"
|
|
" arquivo.read_to_string(&mut conteudo);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Querido diário: {conteudo}\");\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Não foi possível abrir o diário: {err}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/result.md:27
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * As with `Option`, the successful value sits inside of `Result`, forcing the developer to\n"
|
|
" explicitly extract it. This encourages error checking. In the case where an error should never happen,\n"
|
|
" `unwrap()` or `expect()` can be called, and this is a signal of the developer intent too. \n"
|
|
" * `Result` documentation is a recommended read. Not during the course, but it is worth mentioning. \n"
|
|
" It contains a lot of convenience methods and functions that help functional-style programming. \n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" * Como em `Option`, o valor bem-sucedido fica dentro de `Result`, forçando o desenvolvedor a\n"
|
|
" extraí-lo explicitamente. Isso encoraja a verificação de erros. No caso em que um erro nunca deve acontecer,\n"
|
|
" `unwrap()` ou `expect()` podem ser chamados, e isso sinaliza a intenção do desenvolvedor.\n"
|
|
" * A documentação de `Result` é uma leitura recomendada. Não durante o curso, mas vale a pena mencioná-la.\n"
|
|
" Ele contém muitos métodos e funções de conveniência que ajudam na programação ao estilo funcional.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Propagating Errors with `?`"
|
|
msgstr "# Propagando erros com `?`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The try-operator `?` is used to return errors to the caller. It lets you turn\n"
|
|
"the common"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O operador _try_ `?` é usado para retornar erros ao chamador da função.\n"
|
|
"Se ocorrer um erro, este é retornado imediatamente ao chamador como retorno da função."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"match some_expression {\n"
|
|
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
"match alguma_expressao {\n"
|
|
" Ok(valor) => valor,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:13
|
|
msgid "into the much simpler"
|
|
msgstr "Pode ser simplificado por:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"some_expression?\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
"alguma_expressao?\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:19
|
|
msgid "We can use this to simplify our error handing code:"
|
|
msgstr "Podemos usar isso para simplificar nosso código de tratamento de erros:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::fs;\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
|
|
" let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);\n"
|
|
" let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n"
|
|
" Ok(file) => file,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(err),\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::new();\n"
|
|
" match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => Err(err),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/try-operator.md:50
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `username` variable can be either `Ok(string)` or `Err(error)`.\n"
|
|
"* Use the `fs::write` call to test out the different scenarios: no file, empty file, file with username."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* A variável `nome_usuario` pode ser `Ok(string)` ou `Err(error)`.\n"
|
|
"* Use a chamada `fs::write` para testar os diferentes cenários: nenhum arquivo, arquivo vazio e arquivo com name de usuário."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:1
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Converting Error Types"
|
|
msgstr "# Convertendo Tipos de Erro"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:3
|
|
msgid "The effective expansion of `?` is a little more complicated than previously indicated:"
|
|
msgstr "A efetiva expansão do operador `?` é um pouco mais complicada do que indicado anteriormente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"expression?\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"expressao?\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:9
|
|
msgid "works the same as"
|
|
msgstr "funciona da mesma forma que"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"match expression {\n"
|
|
" Ok(value) => value,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"match expressao {\n"
|
|
" Ok(valor) => valor,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(From::from(err)),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `From::from` call here means we attempt to convert the error type to the\n"
|
|
"type returned by the function:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A chamada `From::from` aqui significa que tentamos converter o tipo de erro para o\n"
|
|
"tipo retornado pela função:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
|
|
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::{self, Read};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" IoError(io::Error),\n"
|
|
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" match self {\n"
|
|
" Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {e}\"),\n"
|
|
" Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username in {filename}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/converting-error-types-example.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is good practice for all error types to implement `std::error::Error`, which requires `Debug` and\n"
|
|
"`Display`. It's generally helpful for them to implement `Clone` and `Eq` too where possible, to make\n"
|
|
"life easier for tests and consumers of your library. In this case we can't easily do so, because\n"
|
|
"`io::Error` doesn't implement them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"É uma boa prática para todos os tipos de erro implementar `std::error::Error`, que requer `Debug` e\n"
|
|
"`Display`. Geralmente é útil para eles implementar `Clone` e `Eq` também quando possível, para tornar\n"
|
|
"mais fácil a vida ao testar e consumidor sua biblioteca. Neste caso, não podemos fazê-lo facilmente, porque\n"
|
|
"`io::Error` não os implementa."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Deriving Error Enums"
|
|
msgstr "# Derivando _Enums_ de erro"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) crate is a popular way to create an\n"
|
|
"error enum like we did on the previous page:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O _crate_ [thiserror](https://docs.rs/thiserror/) é uma maneira popular de criar um\n"
|
|
"tipo enumerado (enum) de erro, como fizemos na página anterior:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
|
|
"enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`thiserror`'s derive macro automatically implements `std::error::Error`, and optionally `Display`\n"
|
|
"(if the `#[error(...)]` attributes are provided) and `From` (if the `#[from]` attribute is added).\n"
|
|
"It also works for structs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A macro `thiserror` implementa automaticamente `std::error::Error`, e opcionalmente, `Display`\n"
|
|
"(se os atributos `#[error(...)]` forem fornecidos) e `From` (se o atributo `#[from]` for adicionado).\n"
|
|
"Também funciona para estruturas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/deriving-error-enums.md:43
|
|
msgid "It doesn't affect your public API, which makes it good for libraries."
|
|
msgstr "Não afeta sua API pública, o que a torna boa para bibliotecas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Dynamic Error Types"
|
|
msgstr "# Tipos de erros dinâmicos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we want to allow any type of error to be returned without writing our own enum covering\n"
|
|
"all the different possibilities. `std::error::Error` makes this easy."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Às vezes, queremos permitir que qualquer tipo de erro seja retornado sem escrever nosso próprio `Enum`\n"
|
|
"abrangendo todas as diferentes possibilidades. `std::error::Error` torna isso fácil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
"#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
"struct EmptyUsernameError(String);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/dynamic-errors.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This saves on code, but gives up the ability to cleanly handle different error cases differently in\n"
|
|
"the program. As such it's generally not a good idea to use `Box<dyn Error>` in the public API of a\n"
|
|
"library, but it can be a good option in a program where you just want to display the error message\n"
|
|
"somewhere."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Isso economiza código, mas abre mão da capacidade de lidar com diferentes casos de erro de maneira diferenciada no\n"
|
|
"programa. Como tal, geralmente não é uma boa ideia usar `Box<dyn Error>` na API pública de uma\n"
|
|
"biblioteca, mas pode ser uma boa opção em um programa onde você deseja apenas exibir a mensagem de erro\n"
|
|
"em algum lugar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Adding Context to Errors"
|
|
msgstr "# Adicionando contexto aos erros"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The widely used [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) crate can help you add\n"
|
|
"contextual information to your errors and allows you to have fewer\n"
|
|
"custom error types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O `crate` [anyhow](https://docs.rs/anyhow/) é amplamente usado pode ajudá-lo a adicionar\n"
|
|
"informações contextuais aos seus erros permitindo que você tenha menos\n"
|
|
"tipos de erros personalizados:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
"use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
"use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String> {\n"
|
|
" let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(path)\n"
|
|
" .with_context(|| format!(\"Failed to open {path}\"))?\n"
|
|
" .read_to_string(&mut username)\n"
|
|
" .context(\"Failed to read\")?;\n"
|
|
" if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" bail!(\"Found no username in {path}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(username)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
" Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result<String> {\n"
|
|
" let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
" fs::File::open(caminho)\n"
|
|
" .context(format!(\"Falha ao abrir {caminho}\"))?\n"
|
|
" .read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)\n"
|
|
" .context(\"Falha ao ler\")?;\n"
|
|
" if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" bail!(\"Não foi encontrado nenhum nome de usuário em {caminho}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok (nome_usuario)\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/error-handling/error-contexts.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `anyhow::Result<V>` is a type alias for `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`.\n"
|
|
"* `anyhow::Error` is essentially a wrapper around `Box<dyn Error>`. As such it's again generally not\n"
|
|
" a good choice for the public API of a library, but is widely used in applications.\n"
|
|
"* Actual error type inside of it can be extracted for examination if necessary.\n"
|
|
"* Functionality provided by `anyhow::Result<T>` may be familiar to Go developers, as it provides\n"
|
|
" similar usage patterns and ergonomics to `(T, error)` from Go."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `anyhow::Result<V>` é um apelido de tipo para `Result<V, anyhow::Error>`.\n"
|
|
"* `anyhow::Error` é essencialmente um wrapper em torno de `Box<dyn Error>`. Como tal, geralmente não é\n"
|
|
" uma boa escolha para a API pública de uma biblioteca, mas é amplamente utilizado em aplicações.\n"
|
|
"* O tipo de erro real dentro dele pode ser extraído para exame, se necessário.\n"
|
|
"* A funcionalidade fornecida por `anyhow::Result<T>` pode ser familiar para desenvolvedores Go, pois fornece\n"
|
|
" padrões de uso e ergonomia semelhantes a `(T, error)` de Go."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Testing"
|
|
msgstr "# Teste"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust and Cargo come with a simple unit test framework:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust e Cargo vêm com uma estrutura de testes unitários simples:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Unit tests are supported throughout your code.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Integration tests are supported via the `tests/` directory."
|
|
msgstr "* Testes de integração são suportados através do diretório `tests/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Unit Tests"
|
|
msgstr "# Testes unitários"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:3
|
|
msgid "Mark unit tests with `#[test]`:"
|
|
msgstr "Marque os testes unitários com `#[test]`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,ignore\n"
|
|
"fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" match text.find(' ') {\n"
|
|
" Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
|
|
" None => &text,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_word() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_multiple_words() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/unit-tests.md:29
|
|
msgid "Use `cargo test` to find and run the unit tests."
|
|
msgstr "Use `cargo test` para encontrar e executar os testes unitários."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Test Modules"
|
|
msgstr "# Módulos de teste"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unit tests are often put in a nested module (run tests on the\n"
|
|
"[Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Os testes unitários geralmente são colocados em um módulo aninhado (executar testes no\n"
|
|
"[Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/)):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_helper() {\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/test-modules.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* This lets you unit test private helpers.\n"
|
|
"* The `#[cfg(test)]` attribute is only active when you run `cargo test`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Isso permite que você tenha testes unitários auxiliares e privados.\n"
|
|
"* O atributo `#[cfg(test)]` só fica ativo quando você executa `cargo test`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Documentation Tests"
|
|
msgstr "# Testes de Documentação"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust has built-in support for documentation tests:"
|
|
msgstr "Rust tem suporte embutido para testes de documentação:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"/// Shortens a string to the given length.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 20), \"Hello World\");\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"pub fn shorten_string(s: &str, length: usize) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" &s[..std::cmp::min(length, s.len())]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"/// Encurta uma string para o comprimento especificado.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"/// use playground::shorten_string;\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Hello World\", 5), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"/// assert_eq!(shorten_string(\"Olá Mundo\", 20), \"Olá Mundo\");\n"
|
|
"/// ```\n"
|
|
"pub fn short_string(s: &str, comprimento: usize) -> &str {\n"
|
|
" &s[..std::cmp::min(comprimento, s.len())]\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/doc-tests.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Code blocks in `///` comments are automatically seen as Rust code.\n"
|
|
"* The code will be compiled and executed as part of `cargo test`.\n"
|
|
"* Test the above code on the [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Blocos de código em comentários `///` são vistos automaticamente como código Rust.\n"
|
|
"* O código será compilado e executado como parte do `cargo test`.\n"
|
|
"* Teste o código acima no [Rust Playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=3ce2ad13ea1302f6572cb15cd96becf0)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Integration Tests"
|
|
msgstr "# Testes de Integração"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:3
|
|
msgid "If you want to test your library as a client, use an integration test."
|
|
msgstr "Se quiser testar sua biblioteca como cliente, use um teste de integração."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:5
|
|
msgid "Create a `.rs` file under `tests/`:"
|
|
msgstr "Crie um arquivo `.rs` em `tests/`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"use my_library::init;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_init() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(init().is_ok());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_init() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(init().is_ok());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/integration-tests.md:16
|
|
msgid "These tests only have access to the public API of your crate."
|
|
msgstr "Esses testes só têm acesso à API pública do seu `crate`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:1
|
|
msgid "## Useful crates for writing tests"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "Rust comes with only basic support for writing tests."
|
|
msgstr "Rust tem suporte embutido para testes de documentação:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:5
|
|
msgid "Here are some additional crates which we recommend for writing tests:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/testing/useful-crates.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [googletest](https://docs.rs/googletest): Comprehensive test assertion library in the tradition of GoogleTest for C++.\n"
|
|
"* [proptest](https://docs.rs/proptest): Property-based testing for Rust.\n"
|
|
"* [rstest](https://docs.rs/rstest): Support for fixtures and parameterised tests."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Unsafe Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Rust inseguro (unsafe)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:3
|
|
msgid "The Rust language has two parts:"
|
|
msgstr "A linguagem Rust tem duas partes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* **Safe Rust:** memory safe, no undefined behavior possible.\n"
|
|
"* **Unsafe Rust:** can trigger undefined behavior if preconditions are violated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* **Safe Rust:** memória segura, nenhum comportamento indefinido é possível.\n"
|
|
"* **Insafe Rust:** pode desencadear um comportamento indefinido se as pré-condições forem violadas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will be seeing mostly safe Rust in this course, but it's important to know\n"
|
|
"what Unsafe Rust is."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Veremos principalmente Rust seguro neste curso, mas é importante saber\n"
|
|
"o que é Rust inseguro (_unsafe_)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe code is usually small and isolated, and its correctness should be carefully\n"
|
|
"documented. It is usually wrapped in a safe abstraction layer."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Código inseguro é geralmente pequeno e isolado, e sua correção deve ser cuidadosamente\n"
|
|
"documentada. Geralmente é envolto em uma camada de abstração segura."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:14
|
|
msgid "Unsafe Rust gives you access to five new capabilities:"
|
|
msgstr "O código inseguro do Rust oferece acesso a cinco novos recursos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Dereference raw pointers.\n"
|
|
"* Access or modify mutable static variables.\n"
|
|
"* Access `union` fields.\n"
|
|
"* Call `unsafe` functions, including `extern` functions.\n"
|
|
"* Implement `unsafe` traits."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Desreferenciar ponteiros brutos.\n"
|
|
"* Acessar ou modificar variáveis estáticas mutáveis.\n"
|
|
"* Acessar os campos de uma `union`.\n"
|
|
"* Chamar funções inseguras (`unsafe`), incluindo funções `externas`.\n"
|
|
"* Implementar traits inseguros (`unsafe`)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will briefly cover unsafe capabilities next. For full details, please see\n"
|
|
"[Chapter 19.1 in the Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html)\n"
|
|
"and the [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A seguir, abordaremos brevemente os recursos inseguros. Para detalhes completos, consulte o\n"
|
|
"[Capítulo 19.1 no Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-01-unsafe-rust.html)\n"
|
|
"e o [Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unsafe Rust does not mean the code is incorrect. It means that developers have\n"
|
|
"turned off the compiler safety features and have to write correct code by\n"
|
|
"themselves. It means the compiler no longer enforces Rust's memory-safety rules."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust inseguro não significa que o código está incorreto. Significa que os desenvolvedores\n"
|
|
"desligaram os recursos de segurança do compilador e tem que escrever o código corretamente\n"
|
|
"eles mesmos. Significa também que o compilador não impõe mais as regras de segurança de memória do Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Dereferencing Raw Pointers"
|
|
msgstr "# Desreferenciando ponteiros brutos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:3
|
|
msgid "Creating pointers is safe, but dereferencing them requires `unsafe`:"
|
|
msgstr "Criar ponteiros é seguro, mas desreferenciá-los requer `unsafe`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut num = 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n"
|
|
" let r2 = r1 as *const i32;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because r1 and r2 were obtained from references and so are\n"
|
|
" // guaranteed to be non-null and properly aligned, the objects underlying\n"
|
|
" // the references from which they were obtained are live throughout the\n"
|
|
" // whole unsafe block, and they are not accessed either through the\n"
|
|
" // references or concurrently through any other pointers.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r1 is: {}\", *r1);\n"
|
|
" *r1 = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r2 is: {}\", *r2);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" // Seguro porque r1 e r2 foram obtidos de referências e, portanto, são garantidos como não nulos e\n"
|
|
" // devidamente alinhados, os objetos subjacentes às referências das quais foram obtidos\n"
|
|
" // vivem em todo o bloco inseguro e não são acessados nem por meio de\n"
|
|
" // referências ou simultaneamente por meio de quaisquer outros ponteiros.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r1 é: {}\", *r1);\n"
|
|
" *r1 = 10;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"r2 é: {}\", *r2);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It is good practice (and required by the Android Rust style guide) to write a comment for each\n"
|
|
"`unsafe` block explaining how the code inside it satisfies the safety requirements of the unsafe\n"
|
|
"operations it is doing."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"É uma boa prática (e exigida pelo guia de estilo do Android Rust) escrever um comentário para cada\n"
|
|
"bloco `unsafe` explicando como o código dentro dele satisfaz os requisitos de segurança para a\n"
|
|
"operação insegura que está fazendo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In the case of pointer dereferences, this means that the pointers must be\n"
|
|
"[_valid_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), i.e.:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No caso de desreferência de ponteiros, isso significa que os ponteiros devem ser\n"
|
|
"[_válidos_](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ptr/index.html#safety), ou seja:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * The pointer must be non-null.\n"
|
|
" * The pointer must be _dereferenceable_ (within the bounds of a single allocated object).\n"
|
|
" * The object must not have been deallocated.\n"
|
|
" * There must not be concurrent accesses to the same location.\n"
|
|
" * If the pointer was obtained by casting a reference, the underlying object must be live and no\n"
|
|
" reference may be used to access the memory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" * O ponteiro deve ser não nulo.\n"
|
|
" * O ponteiro deve ser _desreferenciável_ (dentro dos limites de um único objeto alocado).\n"
|
|
" * O objeto não deve ter sido desalocado.\n"
|
|
" * Não deve haver acessos simultâneos ao mesmo local.\n"
|
|
" * Se o ponteiro foi obtido lançando uma referência, o objeto subjacente deve estar ativo e nenhuma\n"
|
|
" referência pode ser usada para acessar a memória."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/raw-pointers.md:41
|
|
msgid "In most cases the pointer must also be properly aligned."
|
|
msgstr "Na maioria dos casos, o ponteiro também deve estar alinhado corretamente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Mutable Static Variables"
|
|
msgstr "# Variáveis estáticas mutáveis"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:3
|
|
msgid "It is safe to read an immutable static variable:"
|
|
msgstr "É seguro ler uma variável estática imutável:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Hello, world!\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"HELLO_WORLD: {HELLO_WORLD}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust, editable\n"
|
|
"static HELLO_WORLD: &str = \"Olá, mundo!\";"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"However, since data races can occur, it is unsafe to read and write mutable\n"
|
|
"static variables:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No entanto, como podem ocorrer corridas de dados, não é seguro ler e gravar dados em\n"
|
|
"variáveis estáticas mutáveis:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
|
|
" unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" add_to_counter(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/mutable-static-variables.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Using a mutable static is generally a bad idea, but there are some cases where it might make sense\n"
|
|
"in low-level `no_std` code, such as implementing a heap allocator or working with some C APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Usar uma variável estática mutável geralmente é uma má ideia, mas há alguns casos em que pode fazer sentido,\n"
|
|
"em código `no_std` de baixo nível, como implementar um alocador de heap ou trabalhar com algumas APIs C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Unions"
|
|
msgstr "# Unions (Uniões)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:3
|
|
msgid "Unions are like enums, but you need to track the active field yourself:"
|
|
msgstr "As uniões `union` são como enums, mas você mesmo precisa rastrear o campo ativo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
"union MyUnion {\n"
|
|
" i: u8,\n"
|
|
" b: bool,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let u = MyUnion { i: 42 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n"
|
|
" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Undefined behavior!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let u = MinhaUnion { i: 42 };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"int: {}\", unsafe { u.i });\n"
|
|
" println!(\"bool: {}\", unsafe { u.b }); // Comportamento indefinido!\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Unions are very rarely needed in Rust as you can usually use an enum. They are occasionally needed\n"
|
|
"for interacting with C library APIs."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"As uniões raramente são necessárias no Rust, pois geralmente você pode usar um `enum`. Elas são ocasionalmente necessários\n"
|
|
"para interagir com as APIs da biblioteca C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unions.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"If you just want to reinterpret bytes as a different type, you probably want\n"
|
|
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html) or a safe\n"
|
|
"wrapper such as the [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy) crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Se você deseja apenas reinterpretar os bytes como um tipo diferente, provavelmente usaria\n"
|
|
"[`std::mem::transmute`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/fn.transmute.html) ou um\n"
|
|
"wrapper seguro como o `crate` [`zerocopy`](https://crates.io/crates/zerocopy)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Calling Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "# Chamando funções inseguras"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A function or method can be marked `unsafe` if it has extra preconditions you\n"
|
|
"must uphold to avoid undefined behaviour:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Uma função ou método pode ser marcado como 'unsafe' se tiver pré-condições extras que você\n"
|
|
"deve respeitar para evitar comportamentos indefinidos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/calling-unsafe-functions.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of\n"
|
|
" // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
|
|
" println!(\"emoji: {}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..7) }));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Not upholding the UTF-8 encoding requirement breaks memory safety!\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"emoji: {}\", unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) });\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"char count: {}\", count_chars(unsafe { emojis.get_unchecked(0..3) }));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn count_chars(s: &str) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" s.chars().map(|_| 1).sum()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Writing Unsafe Functions"
|
|
msgstr "# Escrevendo funções inseguras"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can mark your own functions as `unsafe` if they require particular conditions to avoid undefined\n"
|
|
"behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Você pode marcar suas próprias funções como _inseguras_ se elas exigirem condições específicas para evitar\n"
|
|
"comportamentos indefinidos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"/// Swaps the values pointed to by the given pointers.\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// The pointers must be valid and properly aligned.\n"
|
|
"unsafe fn swap(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n"
|
|
" let temp = *a;\n"
|
|
" *a = *b;\n"
|
|
" *b = temp;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut a = 42;\n"
|
|
" let mut b = 66;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because ...\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"/// Trocando os valores dos parâmetros pode referência usando ponteiros\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"///\n"
|
|
"/// Os ponteiros precisam ser válidos e corretamente alinhados.\n"
|
|
"unsafe fn troca(a: *mut u8, b: *mut u8) {\n"
|
|
" let temp = *a;\n"
|
|
" *a = *b;\n"
|
|
" *b = temp;\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:33
|
|
msgid "We wouldn't actually use pointers for this because it can be done safely with references."
|
|
msgstr "Na verdade, não usaríamos ponteiros para isso porque isso pode ser feito com segurança usando referências."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/writing-unsafe-functions.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Note that unsafe code is allowed within an unsafe function without an `unsafe` block. We can\n"
|
|
"prohibit this with `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Try adding it and see what happens."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Observe que o código _inseguro_ é permitido dentro de uma função _insegura_ sem o uso de um bloco `unsafe`. Podemos\n"
|
|
"proibir isso com `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]`. Tente adicioná-lo e veja o que acontece."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Calling External Code"
|
|
msgstr "# Chamando código externo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Functions from other languages might violate the guarantees of Rust. Calling\n"
|
|
"them is thus unsafe:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Funções de outras linguagens podem violar as garantias do Rust. Chamar\n"
|
|
"elas é, portanto, inseguro:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" fn abs(input: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Undefined behavior if abs misbehaves.\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Absolute value of -3 according to C: {}\", abs(-3));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Comportamento indefinido se o abs se comportar mal.\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Valor absoluto de -3 de acordo com C: {}\", abs(-3));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is usually only a problem for extern functions which do things with pointers which might\n"
|
|
"violate Rust's memory model, but in general any C function might have undefined behaviour under any\n"
|
|
"arbitrary circumstances."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Isso geralmente é apenas um problema para funções externas que fazem coisas com ponteiros que podem\n"
|
|
"violar o modelo de memória do Rust, mas em geral qualquer função C pode ter comportamento indefinido sob quaisquer\n"
|
|
"circunstâncias arbitrárias."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/extern-functions.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `\"C\"` in this example is the ABI;\n"
|
|
"[other ABIs are available too](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O `\"C\"` neste exemplo é o ABI;\n"
|
|
"[outros ABIs também estão disponíveis](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Implementing Unsafe Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Implementando traits inseguros"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Like with functions, you can mark a trait as `unsafe` if the implementation must guarantee\n"
|
|
"particular conditions to avoid undefined behaviour."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Assim como nas funções, você pode marcar um `trait` como `unsafe` se a implementação deve garantir\n"
|
|
"condições particulares para evitar comportamento indefinido."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For example, the `zerocopy` crate has an unsafe trait that looks\n"
|
|
"[something like this](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por exemplo, o `crate` `zerocopy` tem uma característica insegura que parece\n"
|
|
"[algo assim](https://docs.rs/zerocopy/latest/zerocopy/trait.AsBytes.html):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:9
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
|
|
"use std::slice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// ...\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"/// The type must have a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
|
|
" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, size_of_val(self))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"/// ...\n"
|
|
"/// # Safety\n"
|
|
"/// O tipo deve ter uma representação definida e nenhum preenchimento.\n"
|
|
"pub unsafe trait AsBytes {\n"
|
|
" fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Self as *const u8, size_of_val(self))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"There should be a `# Safety` section on the Rustdoc for the trait explaining the requirements for\n"
|
|
"the trait to be safely implemented."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Deve haver uma seção `# Safety` no Rustdoc para o `trait` explicando os requisitos para\n"
|
|
"o `trait` ser implementado com segurança."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:33
|
|
msgid "The actual safety section for `AsBytes` is rather longer and more complicated."
|
|
msgstr "A seção de segurança atual para `AsBytes` é bem mais longa e complicada."
|
|
|
|
#: src/unsafe/unsafe-traits.md:35
|
|
msgid "The built-in `Send` and `Sync` traits are unsafe."
|
|
msgstr "Os _traits_ incorporadas `Send` e `Sync` não são seguros."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 3: Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 3: Exercícios da Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "Let us build a safe wrapper for reading directory content!"
|
|
msgstr "Vamos construir um wrapper seguro para ler o conteúdo do diretório!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid "After looking at the exercise, you can look at the [solution] provided."
|
|
msgstr "Depois de ver o exercício, você pode ver a [solução] fornecida."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Safe FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "# _Wrapper_ FFI seguro"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has great support for calling functions through a _foreign function\n"
|
|
"interface_ (FFI). We will use this to build a safe wrapper for the `libc`\n"
|
|
"functions you would use from C to read the filenames of a directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust tem ótimo suporte para chamar funções por meio de uma interface para funções externas (_function foreign\n"
|
|
"interface_ FFI). Usaremos isso para construir um invólucro seguro para as funções da `libc`\n"
|
|
"de C que você usaria para ler os nomes dos arquivos de um diretório."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:7
|
|
msgid "You will want to consult the manual pages:"
|
|
msgstr "Você vai querer consultar as páginas do manual:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)\n"
|
|
"* [`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)\n"
|
|
"* [`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [`opendir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/opendir.3.html)\n"
|
|
"* [`readdir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html)\n"
|
|
"* [`closedir(3)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/closedir.3.html)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`] module. There you find a number of\n"
|
|
"string types which you need for the exercise:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"| Types | Encoding | Use |\n"
|
|
"|----------------------------|----------------|--------------------------------|\n"
|
|
"| [`str`] and [`String`] | UTF-8 | Text processing in Rust |\n"
|
|
"| [`CStr`] and [`CString`] | NUL-terminated | Communicating with C functions |\n"
|
|
"| [`OsStr`] and [`OsString`] | OS-specific | Communicating with the OS |"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:22
|
|
msgid "You will convert between all these types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- `&str` to `CString`: you need to allocate space for a trailing `\\0` character,\n"
|
|
"- `CString` to `*const i8`: you need a pointer to call C functions,\n"
|
|
"- `*const i8` to `&CStr`: you need something which can find the trailing `\\0` character,\n"
|
|
"- `&CStr` to `&[u8]`: a slice of bytes is the universal interface for \"some unknow data\",\n"
|
|
"- `&[u8]` to `&OsStr`: `&OsStr` is a step towards `OsString`, use\n"
|
|
" [`OsStrExt`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/os/unix/ffi/trait.OsStrExt.html)\n"
|
|
" to create it,\n"
|
|
"- `&OsStr` to `OsString`: you need to clone the data in `&OsStr` to be able to return it and call\n"
|
|
" `readdir` again."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:34
|
|
msgid "The [Nomicon] also has a very useful chapter about FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the code below to <https://play.rust-lang.org/> and fill in the missing\n"
|
|
"functions and methods:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Copie o código abaixo para <https://play.rust-lang.org/> e implemente as\n"
|
|
"funções e métodos que faltam:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
"// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod ffi {\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_ino: c_long,\n"
|
|
" pub d_off: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: c_char,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout as per man entry for dirent\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(target_os = \"macos\")]\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_ino: u64,\n"
|
|
" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
|
|
" pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: u8,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" path: CString,\n"
|
|
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
" unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Rust in Android"
|
|
msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Dia 1"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust is supported for native platform development on Android. This means that\n"
|
|
"you can write new operating system services in Rust, as well as extending\n"
|
|
"existing services."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust tem suporte para desenvolvimento de plataforma nativa no Android. Isso significa que\n"
|
|
"você pode escrever novos serviços de sistema operacional em Rust, bem como estender\n"
|
|
"serviços existentes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> We will attempt to call Rust from one of your own projects today. So try to\n"
|
|
"> find a little corner of your code base where we can move some lines of code to\n"
|
|
"> Rust. The fewer dependencies and \"exotic\" types the better. Something that\n"
|
|
"> parses some raw bytes would be ideal."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Tentaremos chamar Rust de um de seus próprios projetos hoje. Então tente\n"
|
|
"> encontrar um pequeno canto da sua base de código onde podemos mover algumas linhas de código para\n"
|
|
"> Rust. Quanto menos dependências e tipos \"exóticos\", melhor. Algo que\n"
|
|
"> analise alguns bytes brutos seria o ideal."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Setup"
|
|
msgstr "# Configurar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will be using an Android Virtual Device to test our code. Make sure you have\n"
|
|
"access to one or create a new one with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Estaremos usando um dispositivo virtual Android para testar nosso código. Assegure-se de ter\n"
|
|
"acesso a um ou crie um novo com:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ source build/envsetup.sh\n"
|
|
"$ lunch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n"
|
|
"$ acloud create\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ source build/envsetup.sh\n"
|
|
"$ launch aosp_cf_x86_64_phone-userdebug\n"
|
|
"$ acloud create\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/setup.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Android Developer\n"
|
|
"Codelab](https://source.android.com/docs/setup/start) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulte o [Codelab para Desenvolvedor Android]\n"
|
|
"[https://source.android.com/docs/setup/start] para obter detalhes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Build Rules"
|
|
msgstr "# Regras de construção"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:3
|
|
msgid "The Android build system (Soong) supports Rust via a number of modules:"
|
|
msgstr "O sistema de compilação do Android (Soong) oferece suporte ao Rust por meio de vários módulos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"| Module Type | Description |\n"
|
|
"|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n"
|
|
"| `rust_binary` | Produces a Rust binary. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_library` | Produces a Rust library, and provides both `rlib` and `dylib` variants. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_ffi` | Produces a Rust C library usable by `cc` modules, and provides both static and shared variants. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_proc_macro` | Produces a `proc-macro` Rust library. These are analogous to compiler plugins. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_test` | Produces a Rust test binary that uses the standard Rust test harness. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_fuzz` | Produces a Rust fuzz binary leveraging `libfuzzer`. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_protobuf` | Generates source and produces a Rust library that provides an interface for a particular protobuf. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_bindgen` | Generates source and produces a Rust library containing Rust bindings to C libraries. |"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"| Tipo de módulo | Descrição |\n"
|
|
"|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n"
|
|
"| `rust_binary` | Produz um binário Rust. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_library` | Produz uma biblioteca Rust e fornece as variantes `rlib` e `dylib`. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_ffi` | Produz uma biblioteca Rust C utilizável por módulos `cc` e fornece variantes estáticas e compartilhadas. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_proc_macro` | Produz uma biblioteca Rust `proc-macro`. Estes são análogos aos plugins do compilador. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_test` | Produz um binário de teste Rust que usa o equipamento de teste Rust padrão. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_fuzz` | Produz um binário Rust fuzz aproveitando `libfuzzer`. |\n"
|
|
"| `rust_protobuf` | Gera o código-fonte e produz uma biblioteca Rust que fornece uma interface para um _protobuf_ específico.|\n"
|
|
"| `rust_bindgen` | Gera fonte e produz uma biblioteca Rust contendo ligações Rust para bibliotecas C. |"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules.md:16
|
|
msgid "We will look at `rust_binary` and `rust_library` next."
|
|
msgstr "Veremos `rust_binary` e `rust_library` a seguir."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Rust Binaries"
|
|
msgstr "# Binários Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us start with a simple application. At the root of an AOSP checkout, create\n"
|
|
"the following files:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vamos começar com um aplicativo simples. Na raiz de um checkout AOSP, crie\n"
|
|
"os seguintes arquivos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:6 src/android/build-rules/library.md:13
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary{\n"
|
|
" name: \"olá_rust\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:16 src/android/build-rules/library.md:34
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:18
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"/// Imprime uma saudação na saída padrão.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Olá do Rust!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:27
|
|
msgid "You can now build, push, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Agora você pode compilar, enviar e executar o binário:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/binary.md:29
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
|
|
"Hello from Rust!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust\n"
|
|
"Saudações da Rust!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Rust Libraries"
|
|
msgstr "# Bibliotecas de Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:3
|
|
msgid "You use `rust_library` to create a new Rust library for Android."
|
|
msgstr "Você usa `rust_library` para criar uma nova biblioteca Rust para Android."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:5
|
|
msgid "Here we declare a dependency on two libraries:"
|
|
msgstr "Aqui declaramos uma dependência em duas bibliotecas:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `libgreeting`, which we define below,\n"
|
|
"* `libtextwrap`, which is a crate already vendored in\n"
|
|
" [`external/rust/crates/`][crates]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `libgreeting`, que definimos abaixo,\n"
|
|
"* `libtextwrap`, que é um `crate` já vendida em\n"
|
|
" [`external/rust/crates/`][crates]."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:15
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
" \"libtextwrap\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rust_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_with_dep\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
" \"libtextwrap\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:36
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Rust demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use greetings::greeting;\n"
|
|
"use textwrap::fill;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Prints a greeting to standard output.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"/// Imprime uma saudação na saída padrão.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}\", fill(&greeting(\"Bob\"), 24));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:48
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:50
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Greeting library.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Greet `name`.\n"
|
|
"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Hello {name}, it is very nice to meet you!\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"/// Saudação `nome`.\n"
|
|
"pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Olá {name}, prazer em conhecê-lo!\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:59
|
|
msgid "You build, push, and run the binary like before:"
|
|
msgstr "Você constrói, envia e executa o binário como antes:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/build-rules/library.md:61
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"Hello Bob, it is very\n"
|
|
"nice to meet you!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_with_dep /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_with_dep\n"
|
|
"Olá Bob, prazer em conhecê-lo!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:1
|
|
msgid "# AIDL"
|
|
msgstr "# AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Android Interface Definition Language\n"
|
|
"(AIDL)](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) is supported in Rust:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A [Linguagem de Definição de Interface Android\n"
|
|
"(AIDL)](https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl) é compatível com Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Rust code can call existing AIDL servers,\n"
|
|
"* You can create new AIDL servers in Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* O código Rust pode chamar servidores AIDL existentes,\n"
|
|
"* Você pode criar novos servidores AIDL em Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:1
|
|
msgid "# AIDL Interfaces"
|
|
msgstr "# Interfaces AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:3
|
|
msgid "You declare the API of your service using an AIDL interface:"
|
|
msgstr "Você declara a API do seu serviço usando uma interface AIDL:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:5
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_service/aidl/com/example/birthdayservice/IBirthdayService.aidl*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
|
|
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
|
|
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"/** Interface de serviço de aniversário. */\n"
|
|
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" /** Gera uma mensagem de feliz aniversário. */\n"
|
|
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:17
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_service/aidl/Android.bp*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"aidl_interface {\n"
|
|
" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
|
|
" unstable: true,\n"
|
|
" backend: {\n"
|
|
" rust: { // Rust is not enabled by default\n"
|
|
" enabled: true,\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"aidl_interface {\n"
|
|
" name: \"com.example.birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"com/example/birthdayservice/*.aidl\"],\n"
|
|
" unstable: true,\n"
|
|
" backend: {\n"
|
|
" rust: { // Rust não está ativado por padrão\n"
|
|
" enabled: true,\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/interface.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Add `vendor_available: true` if your AIDL file is used by a binary in the vendor\n"
|
|
"partition."
|
|
msgstr "Adicione `vendor_available: true` se seu arquivo AIDL for usado por um binário na partição _vendor_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Service Implementation"
|
|
msgstr "# Implementação de serviço"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:3
|
|
msgid "We can now implement the AIDL service:"
|
|
msgstr "Agora podemos implementar o serviço AIDL:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:5
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/src/lib.rs*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_service/src/lib.rs*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
|
|
"pub struct BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::Result<String> {\n"
|
|
" Ok(format!(\n"
|
|
" \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\"\n"
|
|
" ))\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:26 src/android/aidl/server.md:28
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:37
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/Android.bp*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_service/Android.bp*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/implementation.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:1
|
|
msgid "# AIDL Server"
|
|
msgstr "# Servidor AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:3
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a server which exposes the service:"
|
|
msgstr "Finalmente, podemos criar um servidor que expõe o serviço:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:5
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/src/server.rs*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_service/src/server.rs*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
"use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Entry point for birthday service.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n"
|
|
" birthday_service,\n"
|
|
" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder.as_binder())\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to register service\");\n"
|
|
" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"/// Point de entrada para serviço de aniversário.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let birthday_service = BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
" let birthday_service_binder = BnBirthdayService::new_binder(\n"
|
|
" birthday_server,\n"
|
|
" binder::BinderFeatures::default(),\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" binder::add_service(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER, birthday_service_binder.as_binder())\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Falha ao registrar o serviço\");\n"
|
|
" binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/server.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_server\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/server.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbirthdayservice\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefere_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Deploy"
|
|
msgstr "# Implantar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:3
|
|
msgid "We can now build, push, and start the service:"
|
|
msgstr "Agora podemos construir, enviar e iniciar o serviço:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m birthday_server\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_server /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:11
|
|
msgid "In another terminal, check that the service runs:"
|
|
msgstr "Em outro terminal, verifique se o serviço é executado:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell service check birthdayservice\n"
|
|
"Service birthdayservice: found\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell service check birthdayservice\n"
|
|
"Serviço de aniversário: encontrado\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:18
|
|
msgid "You can also call the service with `service call`:"
|
|
msgstr "Você também pode chamar o serviço com `service call`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/deploy.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ $ adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n"
|
|
"Result: Parcel(\n"
|
|
" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .t.h.e.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ $ adb shell service call birthdayservice 1 s16 Bob i32 24\n"
|
|
"Result: Parcel(\n"
|
|
" 0x00000000: 00000000 00000036 00610048 00700070 '....6...H.a.p.p.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000010: 00200079 00690042 00740072 00640068 'y. .B.i.r.t.h.d.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000020: 00790061 00420020 0062006f 0020002c 'a.y. .B.o.b.,. .'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000030: 006f0063 0067006e 00610072 00750074 'c.o.n.g.r.a.t.u.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000040: 0061006c 00690074 006e006f 00200073 'l.a.t.i.o.n.s. .'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000050: 00690077 00680074 00740020 00650068 'w.i.t.h. .a.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000060: 00320020 00200034 00650079 00720061 ' .2.4. .y.e.a.r.'\n"
|
|
" 0x00000070: 00210073 00000000 's.!..... ')\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:1
|
|
msgid "# AIDL Client"
|
|
msgstr "# Cliente AIDL"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:3
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can create a Rust client for our new service."
|
|
msgstr "Por fim, podemos criar um cliente Rust para nosso novo serviço."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:5
|
|
msgid "*birthday_service/src/client.rs*:"
|
|
msgstr "*birthday_server/src/client.rs*:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
"use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
|
|
"pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::StatusCode> {\n"
|
|
" binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Call the birthday service.\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
" .nth(1)\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
|
|
" let years = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
" .nth(2)\n"
|
|
" .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok())\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
|
|
" let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\");\n"
|
|
" let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_client\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/client.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"com.example.birthdayservice-rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"libbinder_rs\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefere_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:52
|
|
msgid "Notice that the client does not depend on `libbirthdayservice`."
|
|
msgstr "Observe que o cliente não depende de `libbirthdayservice`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:54
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the client on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "Crie, envie e execute o cliente em seu dispositivo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/client.md:56
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m birthday_client\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
|
|
"Happy Birthday Charlie, congratulations with the 60 years!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m birthday_client\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/birthday_client /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/birthday_client Charlie 60\n"
|
|
"Parabéns Charlie, parabéns pelos 60 anos!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Changing API"
|
|
msgstr "# Alterando API"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us extend the API with more functionality: we want to let clients specify a\n"
|
|
"list of lines for the birthday card:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vamos estender a API com mais funcionalidades: queremos permitir que os clientes especifiquem uma\n"
|
|
"lista de linhas para o cartão de aniversário:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/aidl/changing.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"package com.example.birthdayservice;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/** Birthday service interface. */\n"
|
|
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" /** Generate a Happy Birthday message. */\n"
|
|
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"/** Interface de serviço de aniversário. */\n"
|
|
"interface IBirthdayService {\n"
|
|
" /** Gera uma mensagem de feliz aniversário. */\n"
|
|
" String wishHappyBirthday(String name, int years, in String[] text);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:1 src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Logging"
|
|
msgstr "# Gerando registros (Log)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You should use the `log` crate to automatically log to `logcat` (on-device) or\n"
|
|
"`stdout` (on-host):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Você deve usar o `crate` `log` para logar automaticamente no `logcat` (no dispositivo) ou\n"
|
|
"`stdout` (no hospedeiro):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:6
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"liblog_rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"liblogger\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefer_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
" host_supported: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_rust_logs\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"liblog_rust\",\n"
|
|
" \"liblogger\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" prefere_rlib: true,\n"
|
|
" host_supported: true,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:22
|
|
msgid "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust_logs/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:24
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
"//! Rust logging demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use log::{debug, error, info};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Logs a greeting.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" logger::init(\n"
|
|
" logger::Config::default()\n"
|
|
" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n"
|
|
" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" debug!(\"Starting program.\");\n"
|
|
" info!(\"Things are going fine.\");\n"
|
|
" error!(\"Something went wrong!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"/// Registra uma saudação.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" logger::init(\n"
|
|
" logger::Config::default()\n"
|
|
" .with_tag_on_device(\"rust\")\n"
|
|
" .with_min_level(log::Level::Trace),\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" debug!(\"Iniciando programa.\");\n"
|
|
" info!(\"As coisas estão indo bem.\");\n"
|
|
" error!(\"Algo deu errado!\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:42 src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:98
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:73
|
|
msgid "Build, push, and run the binary on your device:"
|
|
msgstr "Crie, envie e execute o binário em seu dispositivo:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:44
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/hello_rust_logs /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/hello_rust_logs\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:50
|
|
msgid "The logs show up in `adb logcat`:"
|
|
msgstr "Os logs aparecem em `adb logcat`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/logging.md:52
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ adb logcat -s rust\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Starting program.\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: Things are going fine.\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Something went wrong!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ adb logcat -s rust\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 D rust: hello_rust_logs: Iniciando o programa.\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 I rust: hello_rust_logs: As coisas estão indo bem.\n"
|
|
"09-08 08:38:32.454 2420 2420 E rust: hello_rust_logs: Algo deu errado!\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Interoperability"
|
|
msgstr "# Interoperabilidade"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has excellent support for interoperability with other languages. This means\n"
|
|
"that you can:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust tem excelente suporte para interoperabilidade com outras linguagens. Isso significa\n"
|
|
"que você pode:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Call Rust functions from other languages.\n"
|
|
"* Call functions written in other languages from Rust."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Chamar funções _Rust_ em outras linguagens.\n"
|
|
"* Chamar funções escritas em outras linguagens no _Rust_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you call functions in a foreign language we say that you're using a\n"
|
|
"_foreign function interface_, also known as FFI."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Quando você chama funções em outra linguagem, dizemos que você está usando uma\n"
|
|
"_interface de função externa_, também conhecida como FFI."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Interoperability with C"
|
|
msgstr "# Interoperabilidade com C"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for linking object files with a C calling convention.\n"
|
|
"Similarly, you can export Rust functions and call them from C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_Rust_ tem suporte completo para vincular arquivos de objeto com uma convenção de chamada C.\n"
|
|
"Da mesma forma, você pode exportar funções Rust e chamá-las em C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:6
|
|
msgid "You can do it by hand if you want:"
|
|
msgstr "Você pode fazer isso manualmente se quiser:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:8
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = -42;\n"
|
|
" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let x = -42;\n"
|
|
" let abs_x = unsafe { abs(x) };\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{x}, {abs_x}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We already saw this in the [Safe FFI Wrapper\n"
|
|
"exercise](../../exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Já vimos isso no exercício [Safe FFI Wrapper\n"
|
|
"](../../exercises/day-3/safe-ffi-wrapper.md)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> This assumes full knowledge of the target platform. Not recommended for\n"
|
|
"> production."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Isso pressupõe conhecimento total da plataforma de destino. Não recomendado para\n"
|
|
"> produção."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c.md:26
|
|
msgid "We will look at better options next."
|
|
msgstr "Veremos opções melhores a seguir."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Using Bindgen"
|
|
msgstr "# Usando Bingen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html) tool\n"
|
|
"can auto-generate bindings from a C header file."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A ferramenta [bindgen](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-bindgen/introduction.html)\n"
|
|
"pode gerar ligações automaticamente a partir de um arquivo de cabeçalho C."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:6
|
|
msgid "First create a small C library:"
|
|
msgstr "Primeiro crie uma pequena biblioteca C:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:8
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.h_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:10
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"typedef struct card {\n"
|
|
" const char* name;\n"
|
|
" int years;\n"
|
|
"} card;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"void print_card(const card* card);\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"typedef struct card {\n"
|
|
" const char* name;\n"
|
|
" int years;\n"
|
|
"} card;"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:19
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday.c_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:21
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include <stdio.h>\n"
|
|
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"void print_card(const card* card) {\n"
|
|
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
" printf(\"| Happy Birthday %s!\\n\", card->name);\n"
|
|
" printf(\"| Congratulations with the %i years!\\n\", card->years);\n"
|
|
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"void print_card(const card* card) {\n"
|
|
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
" printf(\"| Feliz Aniversário %s!\\n\", card->name);\n"
|
|
" printf(\"| Parabéns pelos %i anos!\\n\", card->years);\n"
|
|
" printf(\"+--------------\\n\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:33
|
|
msgid "Add this to your `Android.bp` file:"
|
|
msgstr "Adicione isto ao seu arquivo `Android.bp`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:35
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:55
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:69
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:108
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"cc_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"cc_library {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"libbirthday.c\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:44
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Create a wrapper header file for the library (not strictly needed in this\n"
|
|
"example):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Crie um arquivo de cabeçalho wrapper para a biblioteca (não estritamente necessário neste\n"
|
|
"exemplo):"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:47
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/libbirthday_wrapper.h_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include \"libbirthday.h\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:53
|
|
msgid "You can now auto-generate the bindings:"
|
|
msgstr "Agora você pode gerar automaticamente as vinculações:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_bindgen {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n"
|
|
" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_bindgen {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"birthday_bindgen\",\n"
|
|
" wrapper_src: \"libbirthday_wrapper.h\",\n"
|
|
" source_stem: \"bindings\",\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\"libbirthday\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:67
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can use the bindings in our Rust program:"
|
|
msgstr "Finalmente, podemos usar as ligações em nosso programa Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:71
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_binary{\n"
|
|
" name: \"print_birthday_card\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\"libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:79
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/bindgen/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:81
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! Bindgen demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let card = card {\n"
|
|
" name: name.as_ptr(),\n"
|
|
" years: 42,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" print_card(&card as *const card);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::ffi::CString::new(\"Peter\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let card = card {\n"
|
|
" name: name.as_ptr(),\n"
|
|
" years: 42,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" print_card(&card as *const card);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:100
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/print_birthday_card /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/print_birthday_card\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:106
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can run auto-generated tests to ensure the bindings work:"
|
|
msgstr "Por fim, podemos executar testes gerados automaticamente para garantir que as vinculações funcionem:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:110
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_test {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n"
|
|
" auto_gen_config: true,\n"
|
|
" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Generated file, skip linting\n"
|
|
" lints: \"none\",\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_test {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\":libbirthday_bindgen\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"libbirthday_bindgen_test\",\n"
|
|
" test_suites: [\"general-tests\"],\n"
|
|
" auto_gen_config: true,\n"
|
|
" clippy_lints: \"none\", // Arquivo gerado, pule o linting\n"
|
|
" lints: \"none\",\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/bindgen.md:122
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ atest libbirthday_bindgen_test\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Calling Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Chamando Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:3
|
|
msgid "Exporting Rust functions and types to C is easy:"
|
|
msgstr "Exportar funções e tipos do Rust para C é fácil:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:5
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.rs_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:7
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
|
|
"#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::os::raw::c_int;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Analyze the numbers.\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n"
|
|
" if x < y {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x ({x}) is smallest!\");\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y ({y}) is probably larger than x ({x})\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"/// Analisar os números.\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"pub extern \"C\" fn analyze_numbers(x: c_int, y: c_int) {\n"
|
|
" if x < y {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"x ({x}) é o menor!\");\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"y ({y}) é provavelmente maior que x ({x})\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:24
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/analyze.h_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:26
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
"#define ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#endif\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
"void analyze_numbers(int x, int y);\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:37
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/libanalyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libanalyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"analyze_ffi\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"analyze.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" include_dirs: [\".\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:48
|
|
msgid "We can now call this from a C binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Agora podemos chamar isso de um binário C:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:50
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/main.c_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analisar/main.c_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:52
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```c\n"
|
|
"#include \"analyze.h\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"int main() {\n"
|
|
" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n"
|
|
" return 0;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"int main() {\n"
|
|
" analyze_numbers(10, 20);\n"
|
|
" analyze_numbers(123, 123);\n"
|
|
" return 0;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:62
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/rust/analyze/Android.bp_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"cc_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"cc_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"analyze_numbers\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"main.c\"],\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\"libanalyze_ffi\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:75
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"$ adb push \"$ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/tmp\"\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"$ adb push $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT/system/bin/analyze_numbers /data/local/tmp\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /data/local/tmp/analyze_numbers\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/with-c/rust.md:83
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]` disables Rust's usual name mangling, so the exported symbol will just be the name of\n"
|
|
"the function. You can also use `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` to specify whatever name you want."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`#[no_mangle]` desativa a alteração de name usual do Rust, então o símbolo exportado será apenas o nome da\n"
|
|
"função. Você também pode usar `#[export_name = \"some_name\"]` para especificar qualquer nome que desejar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:1
|
|
msgid "# With C++"
|
|
msgstr "# Com C++"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [CXX crate][1] makes it possible to do safe interoperability between Rust\n"
|
|
"and C++."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O [crate CXX][1] possibilita a interoperabilidade segura entre Rust\n"
|
|
"e C++."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:6
|
|
msgid "The overall approach looks like this:"
|
|
msgstr "A abordagem geral é assim:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:8
|
|
msgid "<img src=\"cpp/overview.svg\">"
|
|
msgstr "<img src=\"cpp/overview.svg\">"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/cpp.md:10
|
|
msgid "See the [CXX tutorial][2] for an full example of using this."
|
|
msgstr "Veja o [tutorial CXX][2] para um exemplo completo de como usá-lo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Interoperability with Java"
|
|
msgstr "# Interoperabilidade com Java"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Java can load shared objects via [Java Native Interface\n"
|
|
"(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface). The [`jni`\n"
|
|
"crate](https://docs.rs/jni/) allows you to create a compatible library."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Java pode carregar objetos compartilhados via [Java Native Interface\n"
|
|
"(JNI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface).\n"
|
|
"O [crate `jni`](https://docs.rs/jni/) permite que você crie uma biblioteca compatível."
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:7
|
|
msgid "First, we create a Rust function to export to Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Primeiro, criamos uma função Rust para exportar para Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:9
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/src/lib.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:11
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
|
|
"use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
|
|
"use jni::JNIEnv;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// HelloWorld::hello method implementation.\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n"
|
|
" env: JNIEnv,\n"
|
|
" _class: JClass,\n"
|
|
" name: JString,\n"
|
|
") -> jstring {\n"
|
|
" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n"
|
|
" let greeting = format!(\"Hello, {input}!\");\n"
|
|
" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" output.into_inner()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"/// Implementação do método HelloWorld::hello.\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"pub extern \"system\" fn Java_HelloWorld_hello(\n"
|
|
" env: JNIEnv,\n"
|
|
" _class: JClass,\n"
|
|
" name: JString,\n"
|
|
") -> jstring {\n"
|
|
" let input: String = env.get_string(name).unwrap().into();\n"
|
|
" let greeting = format!(\"Olá, {input}!\");\n"
|
|
" let output = env.new_string(greeting).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" output.into_inner()\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:32
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:62
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/Android.bp_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:34
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi_shared {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi_shared {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libhello_jni\",\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"hello_jni\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\"libjni\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:43
|
|
msgid "Finally, we can call this function from Java:"
|
|
msgstr "Finalmente, podemos chamar esta função do Java:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:45
|
|
msgid "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
msgstr "_interoperability/java/HelloWorld.java_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:47
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```java\n"
|
|
"class HelloWorld {\n"
|
|
" private static native String hello(String name);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" static {\n"
|
|
" System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
|
|
" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
" System.out.println(output);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" public static void main(String[] args) {\n"
|
|
" String output = HelloWorld.hello(\"Alice\");\n"
|
|
" System.out.println(output);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"java_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n"
|
|
" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n"
|
|
" required: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```javascript\n"
|
|
"java_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"helloworld_jni\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"HelloWorld.java\"],\n"
|
|
" main_class: \"HelloWorld\",\n"
|
|
" necessário: [\"libhello_jni\"],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:73
|
|
msgid "Finally, you can build, sync, and run the binary:"
|
|
msgstr "Por fim, você pode criar, sincronizar e executar o binário:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/android/interoperability/java.md:75
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m helloworld_jni\n"
|
|
"$ adb sync # requires adb root && adb remount\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ m helloworld_jni\n"
|
|
"$ adb sync # requer adb root && adb remount\n"
|
|
"$ adb shell /system/bin/helloworld_jni\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:1 src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:1
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Exercícios"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a group exercise: We will look at one of the projects you work with and\n"
|
|
"try to integrate some Rust into it. Some suggestions:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"No último exercício, veremos um dos projetos com os quais você trabalha. Chamem-nos\n"
|
|
"agrupem-se e façam isso juntos. Algumas sugestões:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Move a function from your project to Rust and call it."
|
|
msgstr "* Mova uma função do seu projeto para o Rust e chame-a."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/android/morning.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"No solution is provided here since this is open-ended: it relies on someone in\n"
|
|
"the class having a piece of code which you can turn in to Rust on the fly."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nenhuma solução é fornecida aqui, pois isso é aberto: depende de você ter\n"
|
|
"uma classe tendo um pedaço de código que você pode transformar em Rust em tempo real."
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Bare Metal Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is a standalone one-day course about bare-metal Rust, aimed at people who are familiar with the\n"
|
|
"basics of Rust (perhaps from completing the Comprehensive Rust course), and ideally also have some\n"
|
|
"experience with bare-metal programming in some other language such as C."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Today we will talk about 'bare-metal' Rust: running Rust code without an OS underneath us. This will\n"
|
|
"be divided into several parts:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- What is `no_std` Rust?\n"
|
|
"- Writing firmware for microcontrollers.\n"
|
|
"- Writing bootloader / kernel code for application processors.\n"
|
|
"- Some useful crates for bare-metal Rust development."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For the microcontroller part of the course we will use the [BBC micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) v2\n"
|
|
"as an example. It's a [development board](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/) based on the Nordic\n"
|
|
"nRF51822 microcontroller with some LEDs and buttons, an I2C-connected accelerometer and compass, and\n"
|
|
"an on-board SWD debugger."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:20
|
|
msgid "To get started, install some tools we'll need later. On gLinux or Debian:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gdb-multiarch libudev-dev picocom pkg-config qemu-system-arm\n"
|
|
"rustup update\n"
|
|
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:30
|
|
msgid "And give users in the `plugdev` group access to the micro:bit programmer:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"echo 'SUBSYSTEM==\"usb\", ATTR{idVendor}==\"0d28\", MODE=\"0664\", GROUP=\"plugdev\"' |\\\n"
|
|
" sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/50-microbit.rules\n"
|
|
"sudo udevadm control --reload-rules\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:38
|
|
msgid "On MacOS:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```bash\n"
|
|
"xcode-select --install\n"
|
|
"brew install gdb picocom qemu\n"
|
|
"brew install --cask gcc-aarch64-embedded\n"
|
|
"rustup update\n"
|
|
"rustup target add aarch64-unknown-none thumbv7em-none-eabihf\n"
|
|
"rustup component add llvm-tools-preview\n"
|
|
"cargo install cargo-binutils cargo-embed\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `no_std`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"<table>\n"
|
|
"<tr>\n"
|
|
"<th>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:7
|
|
msgid "`core`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:9 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"</th>\n"
|
|
"<th>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:12
|
|
msgid "`alloc`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:17
|
|
msgid "`std`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"</th>\n"
|
|
"</tr>\n"
|
|
"<tr valign=\"top\">\n"
|
|
"<td>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Slices, `&str`, `CStr`\n"
|
|
"* `NonZeroU8`...\n"
|
|
"* `Option`, `Result`\n"
|
|
"* `Display`, `Debug`, `write!`...\n"
|
|
"* `Iterator`\n"
|
|
"* `panic!`, `assert_eq!`...\n"
|
|
"* `NonNull` and all the usual pointer-related functions\n"
|
|
"* `Future` and `async`/`await`\n"
|
|
"* `fence`, `AtomicBool`, `AtomicPtr`, `AtomicU32`...\n"
|
|
"* `Duration`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:35 src/bare-metal/no_std.md:42
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"</td>\n"
|
|
"<td>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Box`, `Cow`, `Arc`, `Rc`\n"
|
|
"* `Vec`, `BinaryHeap`, `BtreeMap`, `LinkedList`, `VecDeque`\n"
|
|
"* `String`, `CString`, `format!`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Error`\n"
|
|
"* `HashMap`\n"
|
|
"* `Mutex`, `Condvar`, `Barrier`, `Once`, `RwLock`, `mpsc`\n"
|
|
"* `File` and the rest of `fs`\n"
|
|
"* `println!`, `Read`, `Write`, `Stdin`, `Stdout` and the rest of `io`\n"
|
|
"* `Path`, `OsString`\n"
|
|
"* `net`\n"
|
|
"* `Command`, `Child`, `ExitCode`\n"
|
|
"* `spawn`, `sleep` and the rest of `thread`\n"
|
|
"* `SystemTime`, `Instant`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:56
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"</td>\n"
|
|
"</tr>\n"
|
|
"</table>\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"<details>"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/no_std.md:62
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `HashMap` depends on RNG.\n"
|
|
"* `std` re-exports the contents of both `core` and `alloc`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:1
|
|
msgid "# A minimal `no_std` program"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/minimal.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* This will compile to an empty binary.\n"
|
|
"* `std` provides a panic handler; without it we must provide our own.\n"
|
|
"* It can also be provided by another crate, such as `panic-halt`.\n"
|
|
"* Depending on the target, you may need to compile with `panic = \"abort\"` to avoid an error about\n"
|
|
" `eh_personality`.\n"
|
|
"* Note that there is no `main` or any other entry point; it's up to you to define your own entry\n"
|
|
" point. This will typically involve a linker script and some assembly code to set things up ready\n"
|
|
" for Rust code to run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `alloc`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To use `alloc` you must implement a\n"
|
|
"[global (heap) allocator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/alloc/trait.GlobalAlloc.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate alloc;\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use alloc::string::ToString;\n"
|
|
"use alloc::vec::Vec;\n"
|
|
"use buddy_system_allocator::LockedHeap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[global_allocator]\n"
|
|
"static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static mut HEAP: [u8; 65536] = [0; 65536];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn entry() {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `HEAP` is only used here and `entry` is only called once.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Give the allocator some memory to allocate.\n"
|
|
" HEAP_ALLOCATOR\n"
|
|
" .lock()\n"
|
|
" .init(HEAP.as_mut_ptr() as usize, HEAP.len());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Now we can do things that require heap allocation.\n"
|
|
" let mut v = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" v.push(\"A string\".to_string());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/alloc.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `buddy_system_allocator` is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator. Other\n"
|
|
" crates are available, or you can write your own or hook into your existing allocator.\n"
|
|
"* The const parameter of `LockedHeap` is the max order of the allocator; i.e. in this case it can\n"
|
|
" allocate regions of up to 2**32 bytes.\n"
|
|
"* If any crate in your dependency tree depends on `alloc` then you must have exactly one global\n"
|
|
" allocator defined in your binary. Usually this is done in the top-level binary crate.\n"
|
|
"* `extern crate panic_halt as _` is necessary to ensure that the `panic_halt` crate is linked in so\n"
|
|
" we get its panic handler.\n"
|
|
"* This example will build but not run, as it doesn't have an entry point."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Microcontrollers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:3
|
|
msgid "The `cortex_m_rt` crate provides (among other things) a reset handler for Cortex M microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod interrupts;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:21
|
|
msgid "Next we'll look at how to access peripherals, with increasing levels of abstraction."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `cortex_m_rt::entry` macro requires that the function have type `fn() -> !`, because returning\n"
|
|
" to the reset handler doesn't make sense.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example with `cargo embed --bin minimal`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Raw MMIO"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most microcontrollers access peripherals via memory-mapped IO. Let's try turning on an LED on our\n"
|
|
"micro:bit:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod interrupts;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::mem::size_of;\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// GPIO port 0 peripheral address\n"
|
|
"const GPIO_P0: usize = 0x5000_0000;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// GPIO peripheral offsets\n"
|
|
"const PIN_CNF: usize = 0x700;\n"
|
|
"const OUTSET: usize = 0x508;\n"
|
|
"const OUTCLR: usize = 0x50c;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// PIN_CNF fields\n"
|
|
"const DIR_OUTPUT: u32 = 0x1;\n"
|
|
"const INPUT_DISCONNECT: u32 = 0x1 << 1;\n"
|
|
"const PULL_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 2;\n"
|
|
"const DRIVE_S0S1: u32 = 0x0 << 8;\n"
|
|
"const SENSE_DISABLED: u32 = 0x0 << 16;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" let pin_cnf_21 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 21 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
" let pin_cnf_28 = (GPIO_P0 + PIN_CNF + 28 * size_of::<u32>()) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n"
|
|
" // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" pin_cnf_21.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" pin_cnf_28.write_volatile(\n"
|
|
" DIR_OUTPUT | INPUT_DISCONNECT | PULL_DISABLED | DRIVE_S0S1 | SENSE_DISABLED,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
" let gpio0_outset = (GPIO_P0 + OUTSET) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
" let gpio0_outclr = (GPIO_P0 + OUTCLR) as *mut u32;\n"
|
|
" // Safe because the pointers are to valid peripheral control registers, and\n"
|
|
" // no aliases exist.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" gpio0_outclr.write_volatile(1 << 28);\n"
|
|
" gpio0_outset.write_volatile(1 << 21);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:64
|
|
msgid "* GPIO 0 pin 21 is connected to the first column of the LED matrix, and pin 28 to the first row."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:66
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:59
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:43
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:34
|
|
msgid "Run the example with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/mmio.md:68
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin mmio\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Peripheral Access Crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`svd2rust`](https://crates.io/crates/svd2rust) generates mostly-safe Rust wrappers for\n"
|
|
"memory-mapped peripherals from [CMSIS-SVD](https://www.keil.com/pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html)\n"
|
|
"files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p.P0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" gpio0.pin_cnf[21].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
" w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" gpio0.pin_cnf[28].write(|w| {\n"
|
|
" w.dir().output();\n"
|
|
" w.input().disconnect();\n"
|
|
" w.pull().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w.drive().s0s1();\n"
|
|
" w.sense().disabled();\n"
|
|
" w\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
" gpio0.outclr.write(|w| w.pin28().clear());\n"
|
|
" gpio0.outset.write(|w| w.pin21().set());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:49
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* SVD (System View Description) files are XML files typically provided by silicon vendors which\n"
|
|
" describe the memory map of the device.\n"
|
|
" * They are organised by peripheral, register, field and value, with names, descriptions, addresses\n"
|
|
" and so on.\n"
|
|
" * SVD files are often buggy and incomplete, so there are various projects which patch the\n"
|
|
" mistakes, add missing details, and publish the generated crates.\n"
|
|
"* `cortex-m-rt` provides the vector table, among other things.\n"
|
|
"* If you `cargo install cargo-binutils` then you can run\n"
|
|
" `cargo objdump --bin pac -- -d --no-show-raw-insn` to see the resulting binary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/pacs.md:61
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin pac\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:1
|
|
msgid "# HAL crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[HAL crates](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#hal-implementation-crates) for\n"
|
|
"many microcontrollers provide wrappers around various peripherals. These generally implement traits\n"
|
|
"from [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::gpio::{p0, Level};\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::pac::Peripherals;\n"
|
|
"use nrf52833_hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create HAL wrapper for GPIO port 0.\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure GPIO 0 pins 21 and 28 as push-pull outputs.\n"
|
|
" let mut col1 = gpio0.p0_28.into_push_pull_output(Level::High);\n"
|
|
" let mut row1 = gpio0.p0_21.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set pin 28 low and pin 21 high to turn the LED on.\n"
|
|
" col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:39
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * `set_low` and `set_high` are methods on the `embedded_hal` `OutputPin` trait.\n"
|
|
" * HAL crates exist for many Cortex-M and RISC-V devices, including various STM32, GD32, nRF, NXP,\n"
|
|
" MSP430, AVR and PIC microcontrollers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/hals.md:45
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin hal\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Board support crates"
|
|
msgstr "# Atalhos do teclado"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:3
|
|
msgid "Board support crates provide a further level of wrapping for a specific board for convenience."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::Board;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let mut board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" board.display_pins.col1.set_low().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" board.display_pins.row1.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * In this case the board support crate is just providing more useful names, and a bit of\n"
|
|
" initialisation.\n"
|
|
" * The crate may also include drivers for some on-board devices outside of the microcontroller\n"
|
|
" itself.\n"
|
|
" * `microbit-v2` includes a simple driver for the LED matrix."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/board-support.md:36
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin board_support\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:1
|
|
msgid "# The type state pattern"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let p = Peripherals::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let gpio0 = p0::Parts::new(p.P0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let pin: P0_01<Disconnected> = gpio0.p0_01;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // let gpio0_01_again = gpio0.p0_01; // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
" let pin_input: P0_01<Input<Floating>> = pin.into_floating_input();\n"
|
|
" if pin_input.is_high().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
" // ...\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" let mut pin_output: P0_01<Output<OpenDrain>> = pin_input\n"
|
|
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, Level::Low);\n"
|
|
" pin_output.set_high().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" // pin_input.is_high(); // Error, moved.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let _pin2: P0_02<Output<OpenDrain>> = gpio0\n"
|
|
" .p0_02\n"
|
|
" .into_open_drain_output(OpenDrainConfig::Disconnect0Standard1, Level::Low);\n"
|
|
" let _pin3: P0_03<Output<PushPull>> = gpio0.p0_03.into_push_pull_output(Level::Low);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/type-state.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * Pins don't implement `Copy` or `Clone`, so only one instance of each can exist. Once a pin is\n"
|
|
" moved out of the port struct nobody else can take it.\n"
|
|
" * Changing the configuration of a pin consumes the old pin instance, so you can’t keep use the old\n"
|
|
" instance afterwards.\n"
|
|
" * The type of a value indicates the state that it is in: e.g. in this case, the configuration state\n"
|
|
" of a GPIO pin. This encodes the state machine into the type system, and ensures that you don't\n"
|
|
" try to use a pin in a certain way without properly configuring it first. Illegal state\n"
|
|
" transitions are caught at compile time.\n"
|
|
" * You can call `is_high` on an input pin and `set_high` on an output pin, but not vice-versa.\n"
|
|
" * Many HAL crates follow this pattern."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `embedded-hal`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`embedded-hal`](https://crates.io/crates/embedded-hal) crate provides a number of traits\n"
|
|
"covering common microcontroller peripherals."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * GPIO\n"
|
|
" * ADC\n"
|
|
" * I2C, SPI, UART, CAN\n"
|
|
" * RNG\n"
|
|
" * Timers\n"
|
|
" * Watchdogs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Other crates then implement\n"
|
|
"[drivers](https://github.com/rust-embedded/awesome-embedded-rust#driver-crates) in terms of these\n"
|
|
"traits, e.g. an accelerometer driver might need an I2C or SPI bus implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/embedded-hal.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * There are implementations for many microcontrollers, as well as other platforms such as Linux on\n"
|
|
"Raspberry Pi.\n"
|
|
" * There is work in progress on an `async` version of `embedded-hal`, but it isn't stable yet."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `probe-rs`, `cargo-embed`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[probe-rs](https://probe.rs/) is a handy toolset for embedded debugging, like OpenOCD but better\n"
|
|
"integrated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* <abbr title=\"Serial Wire Debug\">SWD</abbr> and JTAG via CMSIS-DAP, ST-Link and J-Link probes\n"
|
|
"* GDB stub and Microsoft <abbr title=\"Debug Adapter Protocol\">DAP</abbr> server\n"
|
|
"* Cargo integration"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`cargo-embed` is a cargo subcommand to build and flash binaries, log\n"
|
|
"<abbr title=\"Real Time Transfers\">RTT</abbr> output and connect GDB. It's configured by an\n"
|
|
"`Embed.toml` file in your project directory."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/probe-rs.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [CMSIS-DAP](https://arm-software.github.io/CMSIS_5/DAP/html/index.html) is an Arm standard\n"
|
|
" protocol over USB for an in-circuit debugger to access the CoreSight Debug Access Port of various\n"
|
|
" Arm Cortex processors. It's what the on-board debugger on the BBC micro:bit uses.\n"
|
|
"* ST-Link is a range of in-circuit debuggers from ST Microelectronics, J-Link is a range from\n"
|
|
" SEGGER.\n"
|
|
"* The Debug Access Port is usually either a 5-pin JTAG interface or 2-pin Serial Wire Debug.\n"
|
|
"* probe-rs is a library which you can integrate into your own tools if you want to.\n"
|
|
"* The [Microsoft Debug Adapter Protocol](https://microsoft.github.io/debug-adapter-protocol/) lets\n"
|
|
" VSCode and other IDEs debug code running on any supported microcontroller.\n"
|
|
"* cargo-embed is a binary built using the probe-rs library.\n"
|
|
"* RTT (Real Time Transfers) is a mechanism to transfer data between the debug host and the target\n"
|
|
" through a number of ringbuffers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Debugging"
|
|
msgstr "# Gerando registros (Log)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:3
|
|
msgid "Embed.toml:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[default.general]\n"
|
|
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.gdb]\n"
|
|
"enabled = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:13
|
|
msgid "In one terminal under `src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/examples/`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:15
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"cargo embed --bin board_support debug\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "In another terminal in the same directory:"
|
|
msgstr "Em outro terminal, verifique se o serviço é executado:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"gdb-multiarch target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/board_support --eval-command=\"target remote :1337\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:27
|
|
msgid "In GDB, try running:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/debugging.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```gdb\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:29\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:30\n"
|
|
"b src/bin/board_support.rs:32\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"c\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:1
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Other projects"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * [RTIC](https://rtic.rs/)\n"
|
|
" * \"Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency\"\n"
|
|
" * Shared resource management, message passing, task scheduling, timer queue\n"
|
|
" * [Embassy](https://embassy.dev/)\n"
|
|
" * `async` executors with priorities, timers, networking, USB\n"
|
|
" * [TockOS](https://www.tockos.org/documentation/getting-started)\n"
|
|
" * Security-focused RTOS with preemptive scheduling and Memory Protection Unit support\n"
|
|
" * [Hubris](https://hubris.oxide.computer/)\n"
|
|
" * Microkernel RTOS from Oxide Computer Company with memory protection, unprivileged drivers, IPC\n"
|
|
" * [Bindings for FreeRTOS](https://github.com/lobaro/FreeRTOS-rust)\n"
|
|
" * Some platforms have `std` implementations, e.g.\n"
|
|
" [esp-idf](https://esp-rs.github.io/book/overview/using-the-standard-library.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/microcontrollers/other-projects.md:18
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * RTIC can be considered either an RTOS or a concurrency framework.\n"
|
|
" * It doesn't include any HALs.\n"
|
|
" * It uses the Cortex-M NVIC (Nested Virtual Interrupt Controller) for scheduling rather than a\n"
|
|
" proper kernel.\n"
|
|
" * Cortex-M only.\n"
|
|
" * Google uses TockOS on the Haven microcontroller for Titan security keys.\n"
|
|
" * FreeRTOS is mostly written in C, but there are Rust bindings for writing applications."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a serial port."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Compass"
|
|
msgstr "# Comparação"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We will read the direction from an I2C compass, and log the readings to a serial port. If you have\n"
|
|
"time, try displaying it on the LEDs somehow too, or use the buttons somehow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:6
|
|
msgid "Hints:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- Check the documentation for the [`lsm303agr`](https://docs.rs/lsm303agr/latest/lsm303agr/) and\n"
|
|
" [`microbit-v2`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/) crates, as well as the\n"
|
|
" [micro:bit hardware](https://tech.microbit.org/hardware/).\n"
|
|
"- The LSM303AGR Inertial Measurement Unit is connected to the internal I2C bus.\n"
|
|
"- TWI is another name for I2C, so the I2C master peripheral is called TWIM.\n"
|
|
"- The LSM303AGR driver needs something implementing the `embedded_hal::blocking::i2c::WriteRead`\n"
|
|
" trait. The\n"
|
|
" [`microbit::hal::Twim`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/hal/struct.Twim.html) struct\n"
|
|
" implements this.\n"
|
|
"- You have a [`microbit::Board`](https://docs.rs/microbit-v2/latest/microbit/struct.Board.html)\n"
|
|
" struct with fields for the various pins and peripherals.\n"
|
|
"- You can also look at the\n"
|
|
" [nRF52833 datasheet](https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/pdf/nRF52833_PS_v1.5.pdf) if you want, but\n"
|
|
" it shouldn't be necessary for this exercise."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and look in the `compass`\n"
|
|
"directory for the following files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:26 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "`src/main.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr "_hello_rust/src/main.rs_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:28 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:21
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:17
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:55
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:11
|
|
msgid "<!-- File src/main.rs -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:30
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::{hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte}, Board};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
|
|
" board.UARTE0,\n"
|
|
" board.uart.into(),\n"
|
|
" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
|
|
" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
" // TODO\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
" // TODO\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:64 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:385
|
|
msgid "`Cargo.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:66 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:387
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:63
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:35
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:60
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:17
|
|
msgid "<!-- File Cargo.toml -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[workspace]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"compass\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"cortex-m-rt = \"0.7.3\"\n"
|
|
"embedded-hal = \"0.2.6\"\n"
|
|
"lsm303agr = \"0.2.2\"\n"
|
|
"microbit-v2 = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"panic-halt = \"0.2.0\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:85
|
|
msgid "`Embed.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:87
|
|
msgid "<!-- File Embed.toml -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:89
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[default.general]\n"
|
|
"chip = \"nrf52833_xxAA\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.gdb]\n"
|
|
"enabled = true\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[debug.reset]\n"
|
|
"halt_afterwards = true\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:100 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:985
|
|
msgid "`.cargo/config.toml` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:102 src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:987
|
|
msgid "<!-- File .cargo/config.toml -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:104
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[build]\n"
|
|
"target = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\" # Cortex-M4F\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[target.'cfg(all(target_arch = \"arm\", target_os = \"none\"))']\n"
|
|
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Tlink.x\"]\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:112
|
|
msgid "See the serial output on Linux with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:114
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/ttyACM0\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:118
|
|
msgid "Or on Mac OS something like (the device name may be slightly different):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:120
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```sh\n"
|
|
"picocom --baud 115200 --imap lfcrlf /dev/tty.usbmodem14502\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/compass.md:124
|
|
msgid "Use Ctrl+A Ctrl+Q to quit picocom."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Application processors"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"So far we've talked about microcontrollers, such as the Arm Cortex-M series. Now let's try writing\n"
|
|
"something for Cortex-A. For simplicity we'll just work with QEMU's aarch64\n"
|
|
"['virt'](https://qemu-project.gitlab.io/qemu/system/arm/virt.html) board."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Broadly speaking, microcontrollers don't have an MMU or multiple levels of privilege (exception\n"
|
|
" levels on Arm CPUs, rings on x86), while application processors do.\n"
|
|
"* QEMU supports emulating various different machines or board models for each architecture. The\n"
|
|
" 'virt' board doesn't correspond to any particular real hardware, but is designed purely for\n"
|
|
" virtual machines."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Inline assembly"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes we need to use assembly to do things that aren't possible with Rust code. For example,\n"
|
|
"to make an <abbr title=\"hypervisor call\">HVC</abbr> to tell the firmware to power off the system:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::arch::asm;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF: u32 = 0x84000008;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(_x0: u64, _x1: u64, _x2: u64, _x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because this only uses the declared registers and doesn't do\n"
|
|
" // anything with memory.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" asm!(\"hvc #0\",\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w0\") PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w1\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w2\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w3\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w4\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w5\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w6\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" inout(\"w7\") 0 => _,\n"
|
|
" options(nomem, nostack)\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:39
|
|
msgid "(If you actually want to do this, use the [`smccc`][1] crate which has wrappers for all these functions.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/inline-assembly.md:43
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* PSCI is the Arm Power State Coordination Interface, a standard set of functions to manage system\n"
|
|
" and CPU power states, among other things. It is implemented by EL3 firmware and hypervisors on\n"
|
|
" many systems.\n"
|
|
"* The `0 => _` syntax means initialise the register to 0 before running the inline assembly code,\n"
|
|
" and ignore its contents afterwards. We need to use `inout` rather than `in` because the call could\n"
|
|
" potentially clobber the contents of the registers.\n"
|
|
"* This `main` function needs to be `#[no_mangle]` and `extern \"C\"` because it is called from our\n"
|
|
" entry point in `entry.S`.\n"
|
|
"* `_x0`–`_x3` are the values of registers `x0`–`x3`, which are conventionally used by the bootloader\n"
|
|
" to pass things like a pointer to the device tree. According to the standard aarch64 calling\n"
|
|
" convention (which is what `extern \"C\"` specifies to use), registers `x0`–`x7` are used for the\n"
|
|
" first 8 arguments passed to a function, so `entry.S` doesn't need to do anything special except\n"
|
|
" make sure it doesn't change these registers.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_psci` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Volatile memory access for MMIO"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * Use `pointer::read_volatile` and `pointer::write_volatile`.\n"
|
|
" * Never hold a reference.\n"
|
|
" * `addr_of!` lets you get fields of structs without creating an intermediate reference."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/mmio.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * Volatile access: read or write operations may have side-effects, so prevent the compiler or\n"
|
|
" hardware from reordering, duplicating or eliding them.\n"
|
|
" * Usually if you write and then read, e.g. via a mutable reference, the compiler may assume that\n"
|
|
" the value read is the same as the value just written, and not bother actually reading memory.\n"
|
|
" * Some existing crates for volatile access to hardware do hold references, but this is unsound.\n"
|
|
" Whenever a reference exist, the compiler may choose to dereference it.\n"
|
|
" * Use the `addr_of!` macro to get struct field pointers from a pointer to the struct."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Let's write a UART driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:3
|
|
msgid "The QEMU 'virt' machine has a [PL011][1] UART, so let's write a driver for that."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"const FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET: usize = 0x18;\n"
|
|
"const FR_BUSY: u8 = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
"const FR_TXFF: u8 = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Minimal driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" base_address: *mut u8,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self { base_address }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_TXFF != 0 {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" self.base_address.write_volatile(byte);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register() & FR_BUSY != 0 {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> u8 {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that the base address points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { self.base_address.add(FLAG_REGISTER_OFFSET).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Note that `Uart::new` is unsafe while the other methods are safe. This is because as long as the\n"
|
|
" caller of `Uart::new` guarantees that its safety requirements are met (i.e. that there is only\n"
|
|
" ever one instance of the driver for a given UART, and nothing else aliasing its address space),\n"
|
|
" then it is always safe to call `write_byte` later because we can assume the necessary\n"
|
|
" preconditions.\n"
|
|
"* We could have done it the other way around (making `new` safe but `write_byte` unsafe), but that\n"
|
|
" would be much less convenient to use as every place that calls `write_byte` would need to reason\n"
|
|
" about the safety\n"
|
|
"* This is a common pattern for writing safe wrappers of unsafe code: moving the burden of proof for\n"
|
|
" soundness from a large number of places to a smaller number of places."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart.md:66
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "</detais>"
|
|
msgstr "</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# More traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Traits (Características)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:3
|
|
msgid "We derived the `Debug` trait. It would be useful to implement a few more traits too."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
|
|
" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
|
|
" self.write_byte(*c);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/uart/traits.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Implementing `Write` lets us use the `write!` and `writeln!` macros with our `Uart` type.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_minimal` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:1
|
|
msgid "# A better UART driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The PL011 actually has [a bunch more registers][1], and adding offsets to construct pointers to access\n"
|
|
"them is error-prone and hard to read. Plus, some of them are bit fields which would be nice to\n"
|
|
"access in a structured way."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"| Offset | Register name | Width |\n"
|
|
"| ------ | ------------- | ----- |\n"
|
|
"| 0x00 | DR | 12 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x04 | RSR | 4 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x18 | FR | 9 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x20 | ILPR | 8 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x24 | IBRD | 16 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x28 | FBRD | 6 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x2c | LCR_H | 8 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x30 | CR | 16 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x34 | IFLS | 6 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x38 | IMSC | 11 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x3c | RIS | 11 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x40 | MIS | 11 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x44 | ICR | 11 |\n"
|
|
"| 0x48 | DMACR | 3 |"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart.md:26
|
|
msgid "- There are also some ID registers which have been omitted for brevity."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Bitflags"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:3
|
|
msgid "The [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) crate is useful for working with bitflags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"bitflags! {\n"
|
|
" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
" struct Flags: u16 {\n"
|
|
" /// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
" /// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
" /// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
|
|
" /// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
" const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/bitflags.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `bitflags!` macro creates a newtype something like `Flags(u16)`, along with a bunch of method\n"
|
|
" implementations to get and set flags."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Multiple registers"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:3
|
|
msgid "We can use a struct to represent the memory layout of the UART's registers."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
"struct Registers {\n"
|
|
" dr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
|
|
" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
|
|
" fr: Flags,\n"
|
|
" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
|
|
" ilpr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ibrd: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" fbrd: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" lcr_h: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" cr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ifls: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" imsc: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" ris: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" mis: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" icr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" dmacr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/registers.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`#[repr(C)]`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/type-layout.html#the-c-representation) tells\n"
|
|
" the compiler to lay the struct fields out in order, following the same rules as C. This is\n"
|
|
" necessary for our struct to have a predictable layout, as default Rust representation allows the\n"
|
|
" compiler to (among other things) reorder fields however it sees fit."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:3
|
|
msgid "Now let's use the new `Registers` struct in our driver."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the 8 MMIO control registers of a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been received.\n"
|
|
" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
|
|
" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
|
|
" None\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
" Some(data as u8)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/driver.md:64
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Note the use of `addr_of!` / `addr_of_mut!` to get pointers to individual fields without creating\n"
|
|
" an intermediate reference, which would be unsound."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:1
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Using it"
|
|
msgstr "# Usando Bingen"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let's write a small program using our driver to write to the serial console, and echo incoming\n"
|
|
"bytes."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::error;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let mut uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(uart, \"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" if let Some(b) = uart.read_byte() {\n"
|
|
" uart.write_byte(b);\n"
|
|
" match b {\n"
|
|
" b'\\r' => {\n"
|
|
" uart.write_byte(b'\\n');\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" b'q' => break,\n"
|
|
" _ => {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(uart, \"Bye!\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/better-uart/using.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* As in the [inline assembly](../inline-assembly.md) example, this `main` function is called from our\n"
|
|
" entry point code in `entry.S`. See the speaker notes there for details.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"It would be nice to be able to use the logging macros from the [`log`][1] crate. We can do this by\n"
|
|
"implementing the `Log` trait."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
" record.level(),\n"
|
|
" record.args()\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging.md:50
|
|
msgid "* The unwrap in `log` is safe because we initialise `LOGGER` before calling `set_logger`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:3
|
|
msgid "We need to initialise the logger before we use it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod logger;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" info!(\"main({x0:#x}, {x1:#x}, {x2:#x}, {x3:#x})\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(x1, 42);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/logging/using.md:46
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Note that our panic handler can now log details of panics.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example in QEMU with `make qemu_logger` under `src/bare-metal/aps/examples`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/aps/other-projects.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * [oreboot](https://github.com/oreboot/oreboot)\n"
|
|
" * \"coreboot without the C\"\n"
|
|
" * Supports x86, aarch64 and RISC-V.\n"
|
|
" * Relies on LinuxBoot rather than having many drivers itself.\n"
|
|
" * [Rust RaspberryPi OS tutorial](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)\n"
|
|
" * Initialisation, UART driver, simple bootloader, JTAG, exception levels, exception handling, page tables\n"
|
|
" * Not all very well written, so beware.\n"
|
|
" * [`cargo-call-stack`](https://crates.io/crates/cargo-call-stack)\n"
|
|
" * Static analysis to determine maximum stack usage."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Useful crates"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates.md:3
|
|
msgid "We'll go over a few crates which solve some common problems in bare-metal programming."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `zerocopy`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`zerocopy`][1] crate (from Fuchsia) provides traits and macros for safely converting between\n"
|
|
"byte sequences and other types."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use zerocopy::AsBytes;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(u32)]\n"
|
|
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"enum RequestType {\n"
|
|
" #[default]\n"
|
|
" In = 0,\n"
|
|
" Out = 1,\n"
|
|
" Flush = 4,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
"#[derive(AsBytes, Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
"struct VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
|
|
" request_type: RequestType,\n"
|
|
" reserved: u32,\n"
|
|
" sector: u64,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let request = VirtioBlockRequest {\n"
|
|
" request_type: RequestType::Flush,\n"
|
|
" sector: 42,\n"
|
|
" ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" request.as_bytes(),\n"
|
|
" &[4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:40
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is not suitable for MMIO (as it doesn't use volatile reads and writes), but can be useful for\n"
|
|
"working with structures shared with hardware e.g. by DMA, or sent over some external interface."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy.md:45
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `FromBytes` can be implemented for types for which any byte pattern is valid, and so can safely be\n"
|
|
" converted from an untrusted sequence of bytes.\n"
|
|
"* Attempting to derive `FromBytes` for these types would fail, because `RequestType` doesn't use all\n"
|
|
" possible u32 values as discriminants, so not all byte patterns are valid.\n"
|
|
"* `zerocopy::byteorder` has types for byte-order aware numeric primitives.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/zerocopy-example/`. (It won't\n"
|
|
" run in the Playground because of the crate dependency.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `aarch64-paging`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [`aarch64-paging`][1] crate lets you create page tables according to the AArch64 Virtual Memory\n"
|
|
"System Architecture."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use aarch64_paging::{\n"
|
|
" idmap::IdMap,\n"
|
|
" paging::{Attributes, MemoryRegion},\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const ASID: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
"const ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Create a new page table with identity mapping.\n"
|
|
"let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);\n"
|
|
"// Map a 2 MiB region of memory as read-only.\n"
|
|
"idmap.map_range(\n"
|
|
" &MemoryRegion::new(0x80200000, 0x80400000),\n"
|
|
" Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,\n"
|
|
").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"// Set `TTBR0_EL1` to activate the page table.\n"
|
|
"idmap.activate();\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/aarch64-paging.md:28
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* For now it only supports EL1, but support for other exception levels should be straightforward to\n"
|
|
" add.\n"
|
|
"* This is used in Android for the [Protected VM Firmware][2].\n"
|
|
"* There's no easy way to run this example, as it needs to run on real hardware or under QEMU."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `buddy_system_allocator`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`buddy_system_allocator`][1] is a third-party crate implementing a basic buddy system allocator.\n"
|
|
"It can be used both for [`LockedHeap`][2] implementing [`GlobalAlloc`][3] so you can use the\n"
|
|
"standard `alloc` crate (as we saw [before][4]), or for allocating other address space. For example,\n"
|
|
"we might want to allocate MMIO space for PCI BARs:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;\n"
|
|
"use core::alloc::Layout;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut allocator = FrameAllocator::<32>::new();\n"
|
|
" allocator.add_frame(0x200_0000, 0x400_0000);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let layout = Layout::from_size_align(0x100, 0x100).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let bar = allocator\n"
|
|
" .alloc_aligned(layout)\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to allocate 0x100 byte MMIO region\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Allocated 0x100 byte MMIO region at {:#x}\", bar);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/buddy_system_allocator.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* PCI BARs always have alignment equal to their size.\n"
|
|
"* Run the example with `cargo run` under `src/bare-metal/useful-crates/allocator-example/`. (It won't\n"
|
|
" run in the Playground because of the crate dependency.)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `tinyvec`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Sometimes you want something which can be resized like a `Vec`, but without heap allocation.\n"
|
|
"[`tinyvec`][1] provides this: a vector backed by an array or slice, which could be statically\n"
|
|
"allocated or on the stack, which keeps track of how many elements are used and panics if you try to\n"
|
|
"use more than are allocated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tinyvec::{array_vec, ArrayVec};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut numbers: ArrayVec<[u32; 5]> = array_vec!(42, 66);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
" numbers.push(7);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
" numbers.remove(1);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{numbers:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/tinyvec.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `tinyvec` requires that the element type implement `Default` for initialisation.\n"
|
|
"* The Rust Playground includes `tinyvec`, so this example will run fine inline."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# `spin`"
|
|
msgstr "## `static`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`std::sync::Mutex` and the other synchronisation primitives from `std::sync` are not available in\n"
|
|
"`core` or `alloc`. How can we manage synchronisation or interior mutability, such as for sharing\n"
|
|
"state between different CPUs?"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:7
|
|
msgid "The [`spin`][1] crate provides spinlock-based equivalents of many of these primitives."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static counter: SpinMutex<u32> = SpinMutex::new(0);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
|
|
" *counter.lock() += 2;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"count: {}\", counter.lock());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/useful-crates/spin.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Be careful to avoid deadlock if you take locks in interrupt handlers.\n"
|
|
"* `spin` also has a ticket lock mutex implementation; equivalents of `RwLock`, `Barrier` and `Once`\n"
|
|
" from `std::sync`; and `Lazy` for lazy initialisation.\n"
|
|
"* The [`once_cell`][2] crate also has some useful types for late initialisation with a slightly\n"
|
|
" different approach to `spin::once::Once`.\n"
|
|
"* The Rust Playground includes `spin`, so this example will run fine inline."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Android"
|
|
msgstr "# Android"
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"To build a bare-metal Rust binary in AOSP, you need to use a `rust_ffi_static` Soong rule to build\n"
|
|
"your Rust code, then a `cc_binary` with a linker script to produce the binary itself, and then a\n"
|
|
"`raw_binary` to convert the ELF to a raw binary ready to be run."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```soong\n"
|
|
"rust_ffi_static {\n"
|
|
" name: \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" defaults: [\"vmbase_ffi_defaults\"],\n"
|
|
" crate_name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\"src/main.rs\"],\n"
|
|
" rustlibs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libvmbase\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"cc_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" defaults: [\"vmbase_elf_defaults\"],\n"
|
|
" srcs: [\n"
|
|
" \"idmap.S\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" static_libs: [\n"
|
|
" \"libvmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
" linker_scripts: [\n"
|
|
" \"image.ld\",\n"
|
|
" \":vmbase_sections\",\n"
|
|
" ],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"raw_binary {\n"
|
|
" name: \"vmbase_example_bin\",\n"
|
|
" stem: \"vmbase_example.bin\",\n"
|
|
" src: \":vmbase_example\",\n"
|
|
" enabled: false,\n"
|
|
" target: {\n"
|
|
" android_arm64: {\n"
|
|
" enabled: true,\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
" },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:1
|
|
msgid "# vmbase"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For VMs running under crosvm on aarch64, the [vmbase][1] library provides a linker script and useful\n"
|
|
"defaults for the build rules, along with an entry point, UART console logging and more."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use vmbase::{main, println};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"main!(main);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub fn main(arg0: u64, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Hello world\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/bare-metal/android/vmbase.md:21
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `main!` macro marks your main function, to be called from the `vmbase` entry point.\n"
|
|
"* The `vmbase` entry point handles console initialisation, and issues a PSCI_SYSTEM_OFF to shutdown\n"
|
|
" the VM if your main function returns."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "We will write a driver for the PL031 real-time clock device."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:1
|
|
msgid "# RTC driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The QEMU aarch64 virt machine has a [PL031][1] real-time clock at 0x9010000. For this exercise, you\n"
|
|
"should write a driver for it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"1. Use it to print the current time to the serial console. You can use the [`chrono`][2] crate for\n"
|
|
" date/time formatting.\n"
|
|
"2. Use the match register and raw interrupt status to busy-wait until a given time, e.g. 3 seconds\n"
|
|
" in the future. (Call [`core::hint::spin_loop`][3] inside the loop.)\n"
|
|
"3. _Extension if you have time:_ Enable and handle the interrupt generated by the RTC match. You can\n"
|
|
" use the driver provided in the [`arm-gic`][4] crate to configure the Arm Generic Interrupt Controller.\n"
|
|
" - Use the RTC interrupt, which is wired to the GIC as `IntId::spi(2)`.\n"
|
|
" - Once the interrupt is enabled, you can put the core to sleep via `arm_gic::wfi()`, which will cause the core to sleep until it receives an interrupt.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:16
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Download the [exercise template](../../comprehensive-rust-exercises.zip) and look in the `rtc`\n"
|
|
"directory for the following files."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod logger;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
|
|
"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the base\n"
|
|
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
|
|
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
|
|
" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" gic.setup();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Create instance of RTC driver and print current time.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Wait for 3 seconds.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:75
|
|
msgid "`src/exceptions.rs` (you should only need to change this for the 3rd part of the exercise):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:77
|
|
msgid "<!-- File src/exceptions.rs -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:79
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, trace};\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn sync_exception_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"sync_exception_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn irq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" trace!(\"irq_current\");\n"
|
|
" let intid = GicV3::get_and_acknowledge_interrupt().expect(\"No pending interrupt\");\n"
|
|
" info!(\"IRQ {intid:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"fiq_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn serr_current(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"serr_current\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn sync_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"sync_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn irq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"irq_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn fiq_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"fiq_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn serr_lower(_elr: u64, _spsr: u64) {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"serr_lower\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:149
|
|
msgid "`src/logger.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:151
|
|
msgid "<!-- File src/logger.rs -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:153
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use log::{LevelFilter, Log, Metadata, Record, SetLoggerError};\n"
|
|
"use spin::mutex::SpinMutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static LOGGER: Logger = Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex::new(None),\n"
|
|
"};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Logger {\n"
|
|
" uart: SpinMutex<Option<Uart>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Log for Logger {\n"
|
|
" fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn log(&self, record: &Record) {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" self.uart.lock().as_mut().unwrap(),\n"
|
|
" \"[{}] {}\",\n"
|
|
" record.level(),\n"
|
|
" record.args()\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn flush(&self) {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Initialises UART logger.\n"
|
|
"pub fn init(uart: Uart, max_level: LevelFilter) -> Result<(), SetLoggerError> {\n"
|
|
" LOGGER.uart.lock().replace(uart);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" log::set_logger(&LOGGER)?;\n"
|
|
" log::set_max_level(max_level);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:210
|
|
msgid "`src/pl011.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:212
|
|
msgid "<!-- File src/pl011.rs -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:214
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#![allow(unused)]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::{self, Write};\n"
|
|
"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Flags\n"
|
|
"use bitflags::bitflags;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"bitflags! {\n"
|
|
" /// Flags from the UART flag register.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
" struct Flags: u16 {\n"
|
|
" /// Clear to send.\n"
|
|
" const CTS = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
" /// Data set ready.\n"
|
|
" const DSR = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
" /// Data carrier detect.\n"
|
|
" const DCD = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
" /// UART busy transmitting data.\n"
|
|
" const BUSY = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const RXFE = 1 << 4;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const TXFF = 1 << 5;\n"
|
|
" /// Receive FIFO is full.\n"
|
|
" const RXFF = 1 << 6;\n"
|
|
" /// Transmit FIFO is empty.\n"
|
|
" const TXFE = 1 << 7;\n"
|
|
" /// Ring indicator.\n"
|
|
" const RI = 1 << 8;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Flags\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"bitflags! {\n"
|
|
" /// Flags from the UART Receive Status Register / Error Clear Register.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(transparent)]\n"
|
|
" #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
" struct ReceiveStatus: u16 {\n"
|
|
" /// Framing error.\n"
|
|
" const FE = 1 << 0;\n"
|
|
" /// Parity error.\n"
|
|
" const PE = 1 << 1;\n"
|
|
" /// Break error.\n"
|
|
" const BE = 1 << 2;\n"
|
|
" /// Overrun error.\n"
|
|
" const OE = 1 << 3;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Registers\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
"struct Registers {\n"
|
|
" dr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved0: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" rsr: ReceiveStatus,\n"
|
|
" _reserved1: [u8; 19],\n"
|
|
" fr: Flags,\n"
|
|
" _reserved2: [u8; 6],\n"
|
|
" ilpr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ibrd: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved4: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" fbrd: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved5: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" lcr_h: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved6: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" cr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved7: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" ifls: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved8: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" imsc: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved9: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" ris: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved10: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" mis: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved11: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" icr: u16,\n"
|
|
" _reserved12: [u8; 2],\n"
|
|
" dmacr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved13: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Registers\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Uart\n"
|
|
"/// Driver for a PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Uart {\n"
|
|
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Uart {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the UART driver for a PL011 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of a\n"
|
|
" /// PL011 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a single byte to the UART.\n"
|
|
" pub fn write_byte(&self, byte: u8) {\n"
|
|
" // Wait until there is room in the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::TXFF) {}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe {\n"
|
|
" // Write to the TX buffer.\n"
|
|
" addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).dr).write_volatile(byte.into());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait until the UART is no longer busy.\n"
|
|
" while self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::BUSY) {}\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Reads and returns a pending byte, or `None` if nothing has been received.\n"
|
|
" pub fn read_byte(&self) -> Option<u8> {\n"
|
|
" if self.read_flag_register().contains(Flags::RXFE) {\n"
|
|
" None\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" let data = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
" // TODO: Check for error conditions in bits 8-11.\n"
|
|
" Some(data as u8)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn read_flag_register(&self) -> Flags {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL011 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).fr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Uart\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Write for Uart {\n"
|
|
" fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
" for c in s.as_bytes() {\n"
|
|
" self.write_byte(*c);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl Send for Uart {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:389
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[workspace]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"rtc\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"arm-gic = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"bitflags = \"2.0.0\"\n"
|
|
"chrono = { version = \"0.4.24\", default-features = false }\n"
|
|
"log = \"0.4.17\"\n"
|
|
"smccc = \"0.1.1\"\n"
|
|
"spin = \"0.9.8\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[build-dependencies]\n"
|
|
"cc = \"1.0.73\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:410
|
|
msgid "`build.rs` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:412
|
|
msgid "<!-- File build.rs -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:414
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use cc::Build;\n"
|
|
"use std::env;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(target_os = \"linux\")]\n"
|
|
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-linux-gnu\");\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"linux\"))]\n"
|
|
" env::set_var(\"CROSS_COMPILE\", \"aarch64-none-elf\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Build::new()\n"
|
|
" .file(\"entry.S\")\n"
|
|
" .file(\"exceptions.S\")\n"
|
|
" .file(\"idmap.S\")\n"
|
|
" .compile(\"empty\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:446
|
|
msgid "`entry.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:448
|
|
msgid "<!-- File entry.S -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:450
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro adr_l, reg:req, sym:req\n"
|
|
"\tadrp \\reg, \\sym\n"
|
|
"\tadd \\reg, \\reg, :lo12:\\sym\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".macro mov_i, reg:req, imm:req\n"
|
|
"\tmovz \\reg, :abs_g3:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g2_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g1_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
"\tmovk \\reg, :abs_g0_nc:\\imm\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE,\t0x04\n"
|
|
".set .L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA,\t0xff\n"
|
|
".set .Lmairval, .L_MAIR_DEV_nGnRE | (.L_MAIR_MEM_WBWA << 8)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR0_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG0_4KB, 0x0 << 14\n"
|
|
"/* 4 KiB granule size for TTBR1_EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_TG1_4KB, 0x2 << 30\n"
|
|
"/* Disable translation table walk for TTBR1_EL1, generating a translation fault instead. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_EPD1, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner sharable. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_SH_INNER, 0x3 << 12\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are outer write-back read-allocate write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cacheable.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_OWB, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Translation table walks for TTBR0_EL1 are inner write-back read-allocate write-allocate\n"
|
|
" * cacheable.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_RGN_IWB, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Size offset for TTBR0_EL1 is 2**39 bytes (512 GiB). */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TCR_T0SZ_512, 64 - 39\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .L_TCR_TG0_4KB | .L_TCR_TG1_4KB | .L_TCR_EPD1 | .L_TCR_RGN_OWB\n"
|
|
".set .Ltcrval, .Ltcrval | .L_TCR_RGN_IWB | .L_TCR_SH_INNER | .L_TCR_T0SZ_512\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Stage 1 instruction access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_I, 0x1 << 12\n"
|
|
"/* SP alignment fault if SP is not aligned to a 16 byte boundary. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA, 0x1 << 3\n"
|
|
"/* Stage 1 data access cacheability is unaffected. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_C, 0x1 << 2\n"
|
|
"/* EL0 and EL1 stage 1 MMU enabled. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_ELx_M, 0x1 << 0\n"
|
|
"/* Privileged Access Never is unchanged on taking an exception to EL1. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0x1 << 23\n"
|
|
"/* SETEND instruction disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED, 0x1 << 8\n"
|
|
"/* Various IT instructions are disabled at EL0 in aarch32 mode. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD, 0x1 << 7\n"
|
|
".set .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1, (0x1 << 11) | (0x1 << 20) | (0x1 << 22) | (0x1 << 28) | (0x1 << 29)\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .L_SCTLR_ELx_M | .L_SCTLR_ELx_C | .L_SCTLR_ELx_SA | .L_SCTLR_EL1_ITD | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SED\n"
|
|
".set .Lsctlrval, .Lsctlrval | .L_SCTLR_ELx_I | .L_SCTLR_EL1_SPAN | .L_SCTLR_EL1_RES1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic entry point for an image. It carries out the operations required to prepare the\n"
|
|
" * loaded image to be run. Specifically, it zeroes the bss section using registers x25 and above,\n"
|
|
" * prepares the stack, enables floating point, and sets up the exception vector. It preserves x0-x3\n"
|
|
" * for the Rust entry point, as these may contain boot parameters.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".section .init.entry, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global entry\n"
|
|
"entry:\n"
|
|
"\t/* Load and apply the memory management configuration, ready to enable MMU and caches. */\n"
|
|
"\tadrp x30, idmap\n"
|
|
"\tmsr ttbr0_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lmairval\n"
|
|
"\tmsr mair_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Ltcrval\n"
|
|
"\t/* Copy the supported PA range into TCR_EL1.IPS. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x29, id_aa64mmfr0_el1\n"
|
|
"\tbfi x30, x29, #32, #4\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmsr tcr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\tmov_i x30, .Lsctlrval\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Ensure everything before this point has completed, then invalidate any potentially stale\n"
|
|
"\t * local TLB entries before they start being used.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\ttlbi vmalle1\n"
|
|
"\tic iallu\n"
|
|
"\tdsb nsh\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Configure sctlr_el1 to enable MMU and cache and don't proceed until this has completed.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmsr sctlr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Disable trapping floating point access in EL1. */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x30, cpacr_el1\n"
|
|
"\torr x30, x30, #(0x3 << 20)\n"
|
|
"\tmsr cpacr_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\tisb\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Zero out the bss section. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x29, bss_begin\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, bss_end\n"
|
|
"0:\tcmp x29, x30\n"
|
|
"\tb.hs 1f\n"
|
|
"\tstp xzr, xzr, [x29], #16\n"
|
|
"\tb 0b\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"1:\t/* Prepare the stack. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr_l x30, boot_stack_end\n"
|
|
"\tmov sp, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Set up exception vector. */\n"
|
|
"\tadr x30, vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmsr vbar_el1, x30\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Call into Rust code. */\n"
|
|
"\tbl main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Loop forever waiting for interrupts. */\n"
|
|
"2:\twfi\n"
|
|
"\tb 2b\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:595
|
|
msgid "`exceptions.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:597
|
|
msgid "<!-- File exceptions.S -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:599
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Saves the volatile registers onto the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
|
|
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers with 18 instructions\n"
|
|
" * left.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * On return, x0 and x1 are initialised to elr_el2 and spsr_el2 respectively,\n"
|
|
" * which can be used as the first and second arguments of a subsequent call.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro save_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Reserve stack space and save registers x0-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #-(8 * 24)]!\n"
|
|
"\tstp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tstr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tstp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Save elr_el1 & spsr_el1. This such that we can take nested exception\n"
|
|
"\t * and still be able to unwind.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x0, elr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tmrs x1, spsr_el1\n"
|
|
"\tstp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * Restores the volatile registers from the stack. This currently takes 14\n"
|
|
" * instructions, so it can be used in exception handlers while still leaving 18\n"
|
|
" * instructions left; if paired with save_volatile_to_stack, there are 4\n"
|
|
" * instructions to spare.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro restore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore registers x2-x18, x29 & x30. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x2, x3, [sp, #8 * 2]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x4, x5, [sp, #8 * 4]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x6, x7, [sp, #8 * 6]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x8, x9, [sp, #8 * 8]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x10, x11, [sp, #8 * 10]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x12, x13, [sp, #8 * 12]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x14, x15, [sp, #8 * 14]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x16, x17, [sp, #8 * 16]\n"
|
|
"\tldr x18, [sp, #8 * 18]\n"
|
|
"\tldp x29, x30, [sp, #8 * 20]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore registers elr_el1 & spsr_el1, using x0 & x1 as scratch. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp, #8 * 22]\n"
|
|
"\tmsr elr_el1, x0\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsr_el1, x1\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Restore x0 & x1, and release stack space. */\n"
|
|
"\tldp x0, x1, [sp], #8 * 24\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while using\n"
|
|
" * SP0. It behaves similarly to the SPx case by first switching to SPx, doing\n"
|
|
" * the work, then switching back to SP0 before returning.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Switching to SPx and calling the Rust handler takes 16 instructions. To\n"
|
|
" * restore and return we need an additional 16 instructions, so we can implement\n"
|
|
" * the whole handler within the allotted 32 instructions.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_sp0 handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #1\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\tmsr spsel, #0\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/**\n"
|
|
" * This is a generic handler for exceptions taken at the current EL while using\n"
|
|
" * SPx. It saves volatile registers, calls the Rust handler, restores volatile\n"
|
|
" * registers, then returns.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * This also works for exceptions taken from EL0, if we don't care about\n"
|
|
" * non-volatile registers.\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Saving state and jumping to the Rust handler takes 15 instructions, and\n"
|
|
" * restoring and returning also takes 15 instructions, so we can fit the whole\n"
|
|
" * handler in 30 instructions, under the limit of 32.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
".macro current_exception_spx handler:req\n"
|
|
"\tsave_volatile_to_stack\n"
|
|
"\tbl \\handler\n"
|
|
"\trestore_volatile_from_stack\n"
|
|
"\teret\n"
|
|
".endm\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section .text.vector_table_el1, \"ax\"\n"
|
|
".global vector_table_el1\n"
|
|
".balign 0x800\n"
|
|
"vector_table_el1:\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_sp0:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_sp0 serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_exception_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_cur_spx:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_current\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_64:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"sync_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx sync_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"irq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx irq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"fiq_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx fiq_lower\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".balign 0x80\n"
|
|
"serr_lower_32:\n"
|
|
"\tcurrent_exception_spx serr_lower\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:780
|
|
msgid "`idmap.S` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:782
|
|
msgid "<!-- File idmap.S -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:784
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```armasm\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK, 0x1\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_PAGE, 0x3\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_TYPE_TABLE, 0x3\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/* Access flag. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_AF, 0x1 << 10\n"
|
|
"/* Not global. */\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_NG, 0x1 << 11\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_XN, 0x3 << 53\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_DEV, 0x0 << 2\t\t\t// MAIR #0 (DEV_nGnRE)\n"
|
|
".set .L_TT_MT_MEM, (0x1 << 2) | (0x3 << 8)\t// MAIR #1 (MEM_WBWA), inner shareable\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_DEV, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_DEV | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_XN\n"
|
|
".set .L_BLOCK_MEM, .L_TT_TYPE_BLOCK | .L_TT_MT_MEM | .L_TT_AF | .L_TT_NG\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".section \".rodata.idmap\", \"a\", %progbits\n"
|
|
".global idmap\n"
|
|
".align 12\n"
|
|
"idmap:\n"
|
|
"\t/* level 1 */\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x0\t\t // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_MEM | 0x40000000\t// 1 GiB of DRAM\n"
|
|
"\t.fill\t\t254, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 254 GiB of unmapped VA space\n"
|
|
"\t.quad\t\t.L_BLOCK_DEV | 0x4000000000 // 1 GiB of device mappings\n"
|
|
"\t.fill\t\t255, 8, 0x0\t\t\t// 255 GiB of remaining VA space\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:829
|
|
msgid "`image.ld` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:831
|
|
msgid "<!-- File image.ld -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:833
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```ld\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
" * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
" * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
" *\n"
|
|
" * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
" * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
" * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
" * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
" * limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/*\n"
|
|
" * Code will start running at this symbol which is placed at the start of the\n"
|
|
" * image.\n"
|
|
" */\n"
|
|
"ENTRY(entry)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"MEMORY\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\timage : ORIGIN = 0x40080000, LENGTH = 2M\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"SECTIONS\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together the code.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.init : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\ttext_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.entry)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.init.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\t.text : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.text.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\ttext_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together read-only data.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.rodata : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\trodata_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.rodata.*)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\t.got : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.got)\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\trodata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Collect together the read-write data including .bss at the end which\n"
|
|
"\t * will be zero'd by the entry code.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t.data : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.data.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t\t * The entry point code assumes that .data is a multiple of 32\n"
|
|
"\t\t * bytes long.\n"
|
|
"\t\t */\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(32);\n"
|
|
"\t\tdata_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* Everything beyond this point will not be included in the binary. */\n"
|
|
"\tbin_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/* The entry point code assumes that .bss is 16-byte aligned. */\n"
|
|
"\t.bss : ALIGN(16) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.bss.*)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(COMMON)\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(16);\n"
|
|
"\t\tbss_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t.stack (NOLOAD) : ALIGN(4096) {\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_begin = .;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. += 40 * 4096;\n"
|
|
"\t\t. = ALIGN(4096);\n"
|
|
"\t\tboot_stack_end = .;\n"
|
|
"\t} >image\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t. = ALIGN(4K);\n"
|
|
"\tPROVIDE(dma_region = .);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\t/*\n"
|
|
"\t * Remove unused sections from the image.\n"
|
|
"\t */\n"
|
|
"\t/DISCARD/ : {\n"
|
|
"\t\t/* The image loads itself so doesn't need these sections. */\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.gnu.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.hash)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.interp)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame_hdr)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.eh_frame)\n"
|
|
"\t\t*(.note.gnu.build-id)\n"
|
|
"\t}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:940
|
|
msgid "`Makefile` (you shouldn't need to change this):"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:942
|
|
msgid "<!-- File Makefile -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:944
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```makefile\n"
|
|
"# Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"#\n"
|
|
"# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"#\n"
|
|
"# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"#\n"
|
|
"# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"# limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"UNAME := $(shell uname -s)\n"
|
|
"ifeq ($(UNAME),Linux)\n"
|
|
"\tTARGET = aarch64-linux-gnu\n"
|
|
"else\n"
|
|
"\tTARGET = aarch64-none-elf\n"
|
|
"endif\n"
|
|
"OBJCOPY = $(TARGET)-objcopy\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
".PHONY: build qemu_minimal qemu qemu_logger\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"all: rtc.bin\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"build:\n"
|
|
"\tcargo build\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"rtc.bin: build\n"
|
|
"\t$(OBJCOPY) -O binary target/aarch64-unknown-none/debug/rtc $@\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"qemu: rtc.bin\n"
|
|
"\tqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -cpu max -serial mon:stdio -display none -kernel $< -s\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"clean:\n"
|
|
"\tcargo clean\n"
|
|
"\trm -f *.bin\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:989
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[build]\n"
|
|
"target = \"aarch64-unknown-none\"\n"
|
|
"rustflags = [\"-C\", \"link-arg=-Timage.ld\"]\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/rtc.md:995
|
|
msgid "Run the code in QEMU with `make qemu`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Welcome to Concurrency in Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Comprehensive Rust 🦀"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust has full support for concurrency using OS threads with mutexes and\n"
|
|
"channels."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust tem suporte total para concorrência usando _threads_ do SO com _mutexes_ e\n"
|
|
"_channels_ (canais)."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust type system plays an important role in making many concurrency bugs\n"
|
|
"compile time bugs. This is often referred to as _fearless concurrency_ since you\n"
|
|
"can rely on the compiler to ensure correctness at runtime."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O sistema de tipos do Rust desempenha um papel importante na conversão de muitos erros de concorrência\n"
|
|
"em erros de tempo de compilação. Isso geralmente é chamado de _concorrência sem medo_, pois você\n"
|
|
"pode confiar no compilador para garantir a exatidão no tempo de execução."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Threads"
|
|
msgstr "# Threads"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:3
|
|
msgid "Rust threads work similarly to threads in other languages:"
|
|
msgstr "_Threads_ em Rust funcionam de maneira semelhante às _threads_ em outras linguagens:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Count in thread: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Contador na thread: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Threads are all daemon threads, the main thread does not wait for them.\n"
|
|
"* Thread panics are independent of each other.\n"
|
|
" * Panics can carry a payload, which can be unpacked with `downcast_ref`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* _Threads_ são todas \"_daemon threads_\", o _thread_ principal não espera por elas.\n"
|
|
"* \"_Panics_\" em _threads_ são independentes uns dos outros.\n"
|
|
" * \"_Panics_\" podem carregar um _payload_ (carga útil), que pode ser descompactado com `downcast_ref`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/threads.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is\n"
|
|
" not waiting.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for\n"
|
|
" the thread to finish.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the panic\n"
|
|
" payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Scoped Threads"
|
|
msgstr "# Threads com Escopo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:3
|
|
msgid "Normal threads cannot borrow from their environment:"
|
|
msgstr "_Threads_ normais não podem emprestar de seu ambiente:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s1: String = String::from(\"Olá!\");\n"
|
|
" let s2: String = s1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"s2: {s2}\");\n"
|
|
" // println!(\"s1: {s1}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:17
|
|
msgid "However, you can use a [scoped thread][1] for this:"
|
|
msgstr "No entanto, você pode usar uma [_thread_ com escopo][1] para isso:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:19
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let s = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::scope(|scope| {\n"
|
|
" scope.spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" thread::scope(|scope| {\n"
|
|
" scope.spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Comprimento: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/scoped-threads.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The reason for that is that when the `thread::scope` function completes, all the threads are guaranteed to be joined, so they can return borrowed data.\n"
|
|
"* Normal Rust borrowing rules apply: you can either borrow mutably by one thread, or immutably by any number of threads.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* A razão para isso é que, quando a função `thread::scope` for concluída, todas as _threads_ serão unidas, para que possam retornar dados emprestados.\n"
|
|
"* Aplicam-se as regras normais de empréstimo do Rust: o empréstimo pode ser mutável, para uma `thread` ou imutável para\n"
|
|
"qualquer número de _threads_.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Channels"
|
|
msgstr "# Channels (Canais)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust channels have two parts: a `Sender<T>` and a `Receiver<T>`. The two parts\n"
|
|
"are connected via the channel, but you only see the end-points."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Os _channels_ (canais) em Rust têm duas partes: um `Sender<T>` e um `Receiver<T>`. As duas partes\n"
|
|
"estão conectadas através do _channel_, mas você só vê os _end-points_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" tx.send(10).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" tx.send(20).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `mpsc` stands for Multi-Producer, Single-Consumer. `Sender` and `SyncSender` implement `Clone` (so\n"
|
|
" you can make multiple producers) but `Receiver` does not.\n"
|
|
"* `send()` and `recv()` return `Result`. If they return `Err`, it means the counterpart `Sender` or\n"
|
|
" `Receiver` is dropped and the channel is closed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `mpsc` significa Multi-Produtor, Único-Consumidor. `Sender` e `SyncSender` implementam `Clone` (então\n"
|
|
" você pode criar vários produtores), mas `Receiver` (consumidores) não.\n"
|
|
"* `send()` e `recv()` retornam `Result`. Se retornarem `Err`, significa que a contraparte `Sender` ou\n"
|
|
" `Receiver` é descartada e o canal é fechado."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Unbounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "# Canais ilimitados"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:3
|
|
msgid "You get an unbounded and asynchronous channel with `mpsc::channel()`:"
|
|
msgstr "Você obtém um canal ilimitado e assíncrono com `mpsc::channel()`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/unbounded.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Bounded Channels"
|
|
msgstr "# Canais Delimitados"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:3
|
|
msgid "Bounded and synchronous channels make `send` block the current thread:"
|
|
msgstr "Canais limitados e síncronos fazem `send` bloquear o _thread_ atual:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/channels/bounded.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" tx.send(format!(\"Message {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: sent Message {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: done\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..10 {\n"
|
|
" tx.send(format!(\"Mensagem {i}\")).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: enviando a mensagem: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: feito\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Send` and `Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Send` e `Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:3
|
|
msgid "How does Rust know to forbid shared access across thread? The answer is in two traits:"
|
|
msgstr "Como o Rust sabe proibir o acesso compartilhado entre threads? A resposta está em duas características:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`Send`][1]: a type `T` is `Send` if it is safe to move a `T` across a thread\n"
|
|
" boundary.\n"
|
|
"* [`Sync`][2]: a type `T` is `Sync` if it is safe to move a `&T` across a thread\n"
|
|
" boundary."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [`Send`][1]: um tipo `T` é `Send` se for seguro mover um `T` entre _threads_\n"
|
|
"* [`Sync`][2]: um tipo `T` é `Sync` se for seguro mover um `&T` entre _threads_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"`Send` and `Sync` are [unsafe traits][3]. The compiler will automatically derive them for your types\n"
|
|
"as long as they only contain `Send` and `Sync` types. You can also implement them manually when you\n"
|
|
"know it is valid."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"`Send` e `Sync` são [`unsafe traits`][3]. O compilador os derivará automaticamente para seus tipos\n"
|
|
"desde que contenham apenas os tipos `Send` e `Sync`. Você também pode implementá-los manualmente quando\n"
|
|
"souber que são válidos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync.md:20
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* One can think of these traits as markers that the type has certain thread-safety properties.\n"
|
|
"* They can be used in the generic constraints as normal traits.\n"
|
|
" "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Pode-se pensar nesses _traits_ como marcadores de que o tipo possui certas propriedades de segurança de _threads_.\n"
|
|
"* Eles podem ser usados nas restrições genéricas como _traits_ normais.\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"</details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Send`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Send`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:3
|
|
msgid "> A type `T` is [`Send`][1] if it is safe to move a `T` value to another thread."
|
|
msgstr "> Um tipo `T` é [`Send`][1] se for seguro mover um valor `T` para outro _thread_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The effect of moving ownership to another thread is that _destructors_ will run\n"
|
|
"in that thread. So the question is when you can allocate a value in one thread\n"
|
|
"and deallocate it in another."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O efeito de mover a propriedade (ownership) para outro _thread_ é que os _destructors_ serão executados\n"
|
|
"nessa _thread_. Então a questão é: quando você pode alocar um valor em um _thread_\n"
|
|
"e desalocá-lo em outro?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/send.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As an example, a connection to the SQLite library must only be accessed from a\n"
|
|
"single thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> A type `T` is [`Sync`][1] if it is safe to access a `T` value from multiple\n"
|
|
"> threads at the same time."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Um tipo `T` é [`Sync`][1] se for seguro acessar um valor `T` de várias\n"
|
|
"> threads ao mesmo tempo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:6
|
|
msgid "More precisely, the definition is:"
|
|
msgstr "Mais precisamente, a definição é:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:8
|
|
msgid "> `T` is `Sync` if and only if `&T` is `Send`"
|
|
msgstr "> `T` é `Sync` se e somente se `&T` é `Send`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:14
|
|
msgid "This statement is essentially a shorthand way of saying that if a type is thread-safe for shared use, it is also thread-safe to pass references of it across threads."
|
|
msgstr "Essa instrução é essencialmente uma maneira abreviada de dizer que, se um tipo é _thread-safe_ para uso compartilhado, também é _thread-safe_ passar referências a ele entre _threads_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/sync.md:16
|
|
msgid "This is because if a type is Sync it means that it can be shared across multiple threads without the risk of data races or other synchronization issues, so it is safe to move it to another thread. A reference to the type is also safe to move to another thread, because the data it references can be accessed from any thread safely."
|
|
msgstr "Isso ocorre porque, se um tipo for `Sync`, significa que ele pode ser compartilhado entre vários _threads_ sem o risco de corridas de dados ou outros problemas de sincronização, portanto, é seguro movê-lo para outro _thread_. Uma referência ao tipo também é segura para mover para outro _thread_, porque os dados a que ela faz referência podem ser acessados de qualquer _thread_ com segurança."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Examples"
|
|
msgstr "# Exemplos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:3
|
|
msgid "## `Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "## `Send + Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:5
|
|
msgid "Most types you come across are `Send + Sync`:"
|
|
msgstr "A maioria dos tipos que você encontra são `Send + Sync`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ...\n"
|
|
"* `(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ...\n"
|
|
"* `String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ...\n"
|
|
"* `Arc<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via atomic reference count.\n"
|
|
"* `Mutex<T>`: Explicitly thread-safe via internal locking.\n"
|
|
"* `AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Uses special atomic instructions."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `i8`, `f32`, `bool`, `char`, `&str`, ...\n"
|
|
"* `(T1, T2)`, `[T; N]`, `&[T]`, `struct { x: T }`, ...\n"
|
|
"* `String`, `Option<T>`, `Vec<T>`, `Box<T>`, ...\n"
|
|
"* `Arc<T>`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via contagem de referência atômica.\n"
|
|
"* `Mutex<T>`: Explicitamente _thread-safe_ via bloqueio interno.\n"
|
|
"* `AtomicBool`, `AtomicU8`, ...: Usa instruções atômicas especiais."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The generic types are typically `Send + Sync` when the type parameters are\n"
|
|
"`Send + Sync`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Os tipos genéricos são tipicamente `Send + Sync` quando os parâmetros de tipo são\n"
|
|
"`Send + Sync`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:17
|
|
msgid "## `Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "## `Send + !Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"These types can be moved to other threads, but they're not thread-safe.\n"
|
|
"Typically because of interior mutability:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Esses tipos podem ser movidos para outras _threads_, mas não são seguros para _threads_.\n"
|
|
"Normalmente por causa da mutabilidade interior:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `mpsc::Sender<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `mpsc::Receiver<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `Cell<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `RefCell<T>`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `mpsc::Sender<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `mpsc::Receiver<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `Cell<T>`\n"
|
|
"* `RefCell<T>`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:27
|
|
msgid "## `!Send + Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "## `!Send + Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:29
|
|
msgid "These types are thread-safe, but they cannot be moved to another thread:"
|
|
msgstr "Esses tipos são _thread-safe_, mas não podem ser movidos para outro _thread_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:31
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `MutexGuard<T>`: Uses OS level primitives which must be deallocated on the\n"
|
|
" thread which created them."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `MutexGuard<T>`: Usa primitivas a nível de sistema operacional que devem ser desalocadas no\n"
|
|
" _thread_ que as criou."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:34
|
|
msgid "## `!Send + !Sync`"
|
|
msgstr "## `!Send + !Sync`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:36
|
|
msgid "These types are not thread-safe and cannot be moved to other threads:"
|
|
msgstr "Esses tipos não são _thread-safe_ e não podem ser movidos para outros _threads_:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/send-sync/examples.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Rc<T>`: each `Rc<T>` has a reference to an `RcBox<T>`, which contains a\n"
|
|
" non-atomic reference count.\n"
|
|
"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assumes raw pointers may have special\n"
|
|
" concurrency considerations."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `Rc<T>`: cada `Rc<T>` tem uma referência a um `RcBox<T>`, que contém uma\n"
|
|
" contagem de referência não atômica.\n"
|
|
"* `*const T`, `*mut T`: Rust assume que ponteiros brutos podem ter\n"
|
|
" considerações de especiais de concorrência."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Shared State"
|
|
msgstr "# Estado Compartilhado"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust uses the type system to enforce synchronization of shared data. This is\n"
|
|
"primarily done via two types:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Rust usa o sistema de tipos para impor a sincronização de dados compartilhados. Isso é\n"
|
|
"feito principalmente através de dois tipos:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [`Arc<T>`][1], atomic reference counted `T`: handles sharing between threads and\n"
|
|
" takes care to deallocate `T` when the last reference is dropped,\n"
|
|
"* [`Mutex<T>`][2]: ensures mutually exclusive access to the `T` value."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [`Arc<T>`][1], referência atômica contada `T`: manipula o compartilhamento entre _threads_ e\n"
|
|
" toma o cuidado de desalocar `T` quando a última referência é descartada,\n"
|
|
"* [`Mutex<T>`][2]: garante acesso mutuamente exclusivo ao valor `T`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Arc`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Arc`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "[`Arc<T>`][1] allows shared read-only access via `Arc::clone`:"
|
|
msgstr "[`Arc<T>`][1] permite acesso somente leitura compartilhado por meio de seu método `clone`:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" for _ in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
" let mut handles = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" for _ in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" let v = v.clone();\n"
|
|
" handles.push(thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let thread_id = thread::current().id();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thread_id:?}: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }));\n"
|
|
" }"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/arc.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Arc` stands for \"Atomic Reference Counted\", a thread safe version of `Rc` that uses atomic\n"
|
|
" operations.\n"
|
|
"* `Arc<T>` implements `Clone` whether or not `T` does. It implements `Send` and `Sync` iff `T`\n"
|
|
" implements them both.\n"
|
|
"* `Arc::clone()` has the cost of atomic operations that get executed, but after that the use of the\n"
|
|
" `T` is free.\n"
|
|
"* Beware of reference cycles, `Arc` does not use a garbage collector to detect them.\n"
|
|
" * `std::sync::Weak` can help."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `Arc` significa \"Atomic Reference Counted\", uma versão _thread-safe_ de `Rc` que usa operações atômicas.\n"
|
|
"* `Arc<T>` implementa `Clone` quer `T` o faça ou não. Ele implementa `Send` e `Sync` se `T`\n"
|
|
" implementa os dois.\n"
|
|
"* `Arc::clone()` tem o custo das operações atômicas que são executadas, mas depois disso o uso do\n"
|
|
" `T` é gratuito.\n"
|
|
"* Cuidado com os ciclos de referência, `Arc` não usa um coletor de lixo para detectá-los.\n"
|
|
" * `std::sync::Weak` pode ajudar."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `Mutex`"
|
|
msgstr "# `Mutex`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`][1] ensures mutual exclusion _and_ allows mutable access to `T`\n"
|
|
"behind a read-only interface:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"[`Mutex<T>`][1] garante exclusão mútua _e_ permite acesso mutável a `T`\n"
|
|
"por trás de uma interface somente leitura:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" guard.push(40);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Notice how we have a [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`][2] blanket\n"
|
|
"implementation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Observe como temos uma implementação [`impl<T: Send> Sync for Mutex<T>`][2]\n"
|
|
"encoberta."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/mutex.md:31
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `Mutex` in Rust looks like a collection with just one element - the protected data.\n"
|
|
" * It is not possible to forget to acquire the mutex before accessing the protected data.\n"
|
|
"* You can get an `&mut T` from an `&Mutex<T>` by taking the lock. The `MutexGuard` ensures that the\n"
|
|
" `&mut T` doesn't outlive the lock being held.\n"
|
|
"* `Mutex<T>` implements both `Send` and `Sync` iff `T` implements `Send`.\n"
|
|
"* A read-write lock counterpart - `RwLock`.\n"
|
|
"* Why does `lock()` return a `Result`? \n"
|
|
" * If the thread that held the `Mutex` panicked, the `Mutex` becomes \"poisoned\" to signal that\n"
|
|
" the data it protected might be in an inconsistent state. Calling `lock()` on a poisoned mutex\n"
|
|
" fails with a [`PoisonError`]. You can call `into_inner()` on the error to recover the data\n"
|
|
" regardless."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"<details>\n"
|
|
" \n"
|
|
"* `Mutex` em Rust parece uma coleção com apenas um elemento - os dados protegidos.\n"
|
|
" * Não é possível esquecer de adquirir o mutex antes de acessar os dados protegidos.\n"
|
|
"* Você pode obter um `&mut T` de um `&Mutex<T>` obtendo um bloqueio (_lock_). O `MutexGuard` garante que o\n"
|
|
" `&mut T` não sobrevive além do bloqueio (_lock_).\n"
|
|
"* `Mutex<T>` implementa `Send` e `Sync` se `T` implementa `Send`.\n"
|
|
"* O bloqueio para leitura e gravação - `RwLock`.\n"
|
|
"* Por que `lock()` retorna um `Result`?\n"
|
|
" * Se o thread que manteve o `Mutex` entrou em pânico, o `Mutex` torna-se \"envenenado\" para sinalizar que\n"
|
|
" os dados protegidos podem estar em um estado inconsistente. Ao chamar `lock()` em um mutex envenenado\n"
|
|
" o retorno é uma falha com um [`PoisonError`]. Você pode chamar `into_inner()` no erro para recuperar os dados\n"
|
|
" independentemente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:3
|
|
msgid "Let us see `Arc` and `Mutex` in action:"
|
|
msgstr "Vamos ver `Arc` e `Mutex` em ação:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" v.push(10);\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
" let handle = thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
" v.push(10);\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" v.push(1000);"
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:23
|
|
msgid "Possible solution:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:25
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let v2 = Arc::clone(&v);\n"
|
|
" let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" v2.push(10);\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" {\n"
|
|
" let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:49
|
|
msgid "Notable parts:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/concurrency/shared_state/example.md:51
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `v` is wrapped in both `Arc` and `Mutex`, because their concerns are orthogonal.\n"
|
|
" * Wrapping a `Mutex` in an `Arc` is a common pattern to share mutable state between threads.\n"
|
|
"* `v: Arc<_>` needs to be cloned as `v2` before it can be moved into another thread. Note `move` was added to the lambda signature.\n"
|
|
"* Blocks are introduced to narrow the scope of the `LockGuard` as much as possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* `v` é agrupado em ambos `Arc` e `Mutex`, porque seus interesses são ortogonais.\n"
|
|
" * Envolver um `Mutex` em um `Arc` é um padrão comum para compartilhar o estado mutável entre threads.\n"
|
|
"* `v: Arc<_>` precisa ser clonado como `v2` antes que possa ser movido para outro thread. Note que `move` foi adicionado à assinatura lambda.\n"
|
|
"* Os blocos são introduzidos para restringir o escopo do `LockGuard` tanto quanto possível.\n"
|
|
"* Ainda precisamos adquirir o `Mutex` para imprimir nosso `Vec`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "Let us practice our new concurrency skills with"
|
|
msgstr "Vamos praticar nossas novas habilidades de concorrência com:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Multi-threaded link checker: a larger project where you'll use Cargo to\n"
|
|
" download dependencies and then check links in parallel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Verificador de link _multi-threads_: um projeto maior no qual você usará o Cargo para\n"
|
|
" baixar as dependências e também verificar os links em paralelo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Dining Philosophers"
|
|
msgstr "# Filósofos jantando"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:3
|
|
msgid "The dining philosophers problem is a classic problem in concurrency:"
|
|
msgstr "O problema dos filósofos jantando é um problema clássico em concorrência:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> Five philosophers dine together at the same table. Each philosopher has their\n"
|
|
"> own place at the table. There is a fork between each plate. The dish served is\n"
|
|
"> a kind of spaghetti which has to be eaten with two forks. Each philosopher can\n"
|
|
"> only alternately think and eat. Moreover, a philosopher can only eat their\n"
|
|
"> spaghetti when they have both a left and right fork. Thus two forks will only\n"
|
|
"> be available when their two nearest neighbors are thinking, not eating. After\n"
|
|
"> an individual philosopher finishes eating, they will put down both forks."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Cinco filósofos jantam juntos na mesma mesa. Cada folósofo tem seu\n"
|
|
"> próprio lugar à mesa. Há um garfo entre cada prato. O prato servido é\n"
|
|
"> uma espécie de espaguete que se come com dois garfos. Cada filósofo pode\n"
|
|
"> somente pensar ou comer, alternadamente. Além disso, um filósofo só pode comer seu\n"
|
|
"> espaguete quando ele têm garfo esquerdo e direito. Assim, dois garfos só\n"
|
|
"> estarão disponíveis quando seus dois vizinhos mais próximos estiverem pensando, não comendo. Depois de\n"
|
|
"> um filósofo individual termina de comer, ele abaixa os dois garfos."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:13
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You will need a local [Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) for\n"
|
|
"this exercise. Copy the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill out the\n"
|
|
"blanks, and test that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Você precisará de uma [instalação do Cargo][../../cargo/running-locally.md] local para\n"
|
|
"esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco,\n"
|
|
"e teste se `cargo run` não trava:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Fork;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
" self.thoughts\n"
|
|
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
" // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // Create forks\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create philosophers\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:61
|
|
msgid "You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers.md:65
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Multi-threaded Link Checker"
|
|
msgstr "# Verificador de links _multi-threads_"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Let us use our new knowledge to create a multi-threaded link checker. It should\n"
|
|
"start at a webpage and check that links on the page are valid. It should\n"
|
|
"recursively check other pages on the same domain and keep doing this until all\n"
|
|
"pages have been validated."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Vamos usar nosso novo conhecimento para criar um verificador de links _multi-threads_. \n"
|
|
"Comece em uma página da web e verifique se os links na página são válidos. \n"
|
|
"Verifique recursivamente outras páginas no mesmo domínio e continue fazendo isso até que todas\n"
|
|
"as páginas tenham sido validadas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, you will need an HTTP client such as [`reqwest`][1]. Create a new\n"
|
|
"Cargo project and `reqwest` it as a dependency with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Para isso, você precisará de um cliente HTTP como [`reqwest`][1]. Crie um novo\n"
|
|
"Project com o Cargo e adicione `reqwest` como uma dependência:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo new link-checker\n"
|
|
"$ cd link-checker\n"
|
|
"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo new link-checker\n"
|
|
"$ cd link-checker\n"
|
|
"$ cargo add --features blocking,rustls-tls reqwest\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:17
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> If `cargo add` fails with `error: no such subcommand`, then please edit the\n"
|
|
"> `Cargo.toml` file by hand. Add the dependencies listed below."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> Se `cargo add` falhar com `error: no such subcommand`, edite o\n"
|
|
"> arquivo `Cargo.toml` à mão. Adicione as dependências listadas abaixo."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:20
|
|
msgid "You will also need a way to find links. We can use [`scraper`][2] for that:"
|
|
msgstr "Você também precisará de uma maneira de encontrar links. Podemos usar [`scraper`][2] para isso:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:22
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo add scraper\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo add scraper\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Finally, we'll need some way of handling errors. We use [`thiserror`][3] for\n"
|
|
"that:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Por fim, precisaremos de alguma forma de lidar com os erros. Usamos [`thiserror`][3] para\n"
|
|
"isso:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo add thiserror\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo add thiserror\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:33
|
|
msgid "The `cargo add` calls will update the `Cargo.toml` file to look like this:"
|
|
msgstr "As chamadas `cargo add` irão atualizar o arquivo `Cargo.toml` para ficar assim:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"link-checker\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"publish = false\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-tls\"] }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[dependências]\n"
|
|
"reqwest = { version = \"0.11.12\", features = [\"blocking\", \"rustls-tls\"] }\n"
|
|
"scraper = \"0.13.0\"\n"
|
|
"thiserror = \"1.0.37\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:50
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You can now download the start page. Try with a small site such as\n"
|
|
"`https://www.google.org/`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Agora você pode baixar a página inicial. Tente com um pequeno site como\n"
|
|
"`https://www.google.org/`."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:53
|
|
msgid "Your `src/main.rs` file should look something like this:"
|
|
msgstr "Seu arquivo `src/main.rs` deve se parecer com isto:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n"
|
|
"use reqwest::Url;\n"
|
|
"use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
"use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
"enum Error {\n"
|
|
" #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
" ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
|
|
" let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
" let document = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
" let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n"
|
|
" let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
" for element in html.select(&selector) {\n"
|
|
" if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n"
|
|
" match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"On {base_url}: could not parse {href:?}: {err} (ignored)\",);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" Ok(valid_urls)\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" match extract_links(response) {\n"
|
|
" Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:100
|
|
msgid "Run the code in `src/main.rs` with"
|
|
msgstr "Execute o código em `src/main.rs` com"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:102
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:106
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:140
|
|
msgid "## Tasks"
|
|
msgstr "## Tarefas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/link-checker.md:108
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Use threads to check the links in parallel: send the URLs to be checked to a\n"
|
|
" channel and let a few threads check the URLs in parallel.\n"
|
|
"* Extend this to recursively extract links from all pages on the\n"
|
|
" `www.google.org` domain. Put an upper limit of 100 pages or so so that you\n"
|
|
" don't end up being blocked by the site."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* Use _threads_ para verificar os links em paralelo: envie as URLs a serem verificadas para um\n"
|
|
" _channel_ e deixe alguns _threads_ verificarem as URLs em paralelo.\n"
|
|
"* Estenda isso para extrair recursivamente links de todas as páginas no\n"
|
|
" domínio `www.google.org`. Coloque um limite máximo de 100 páginas ou menos para que você\n"
|
|
" não acabe sendo bloqueado pelo site."
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Async Rust"
|
|
msgstr "# Por que Rust?"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"\"Async\" is a concurrency model where multiple tasks are executed concurrently by\n"
|
|
"executing each task until it would block, then switching to another task that is\n"
|
|
"ready to make progress. The model allows running a larger number of tasks on a\n"
|
|
"limited number of threads. This is because the per-task overhead is typically\n"
|
|
"very low and operating systems provide primitives for efficiently identifying\n"
|
|
"I/O that is able to proceed."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Rust's asynchronous operation is based on \"futures\", which represent work that\n"
|
|
"may be completed in the future. Futures are \"polled\" until they signal that\n"
|
|
"they are complete."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures are polled by an async runtime, and several different runtimes are\n"
|
|
"available."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:17
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Comparisons"
|
|
msgstr "# Comparação"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * Python has a similar model in its `asyncio`. However, its `Future` type is\n"
|
|
" callback-based, and not polled. Async Python programs require a \"loop\",\n"
|
|
" similar to a runtime in Rust.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * JavaScript's `Promise` is similar, but again callback-based. The language\n"
|
|
" runtime implements the event loop, so many of the details of Promise\n"
|
|
" resolution are hidden."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:1
|
|
msgid "# `async`/`await`"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:3
|
|
msgid "At a high level, async Rust code looks very much like \"normal\" sequential code:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use futures::executor::block_on;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Count is: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn async_main(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
" count_to(count).await;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" block_on(async_main(10));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/async-await.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Note that this is a simplified example to show the syntax. There is no long\n"
|
|
" running operation or any real concurrency in it!\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* What is the return type of an async call?\n"
|
|
" * Use `let future: () = async_main(10);` in `main` to see the type.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The \"async\" keyword is syntactic sugar. The compiler replaces the return type\n"
|
|
" with a future. \n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* You cannot make `main` async, without additional instructions to the compiler\n"
|
|
" on how to use the returned future.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* You need an executor to run async code. `block_on` blocks the current thread\n"
|
|
" until the provided future has run to completion. \n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* `.await` asynchronously waits for the completion of another operation. Unlike\n"
|
|
" `block_on`, `.await` doesn't block the current thread.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* `.await` can only be used inside an `async` function (or block; these are\n"
|
|
" introduced later). "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Futures"
|
|
msgstr "# Closures"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"[`Future`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html)\n"
|
|
"is a trait, implemented by objects that represent an operation that may not be\n"
|
|
"complete yet. A future can be polled, and `poll` returns a\n"
|
|
"[`Poll`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/task/enum.Poll.html)."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"use std::pin::Pin;\n"
|
|
"use std::task::Context;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub trait Future {\n"
|
|
" type Output;\n"
|
|
" fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output>;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub enum Poll<T> {\n"
|
|
" Ready(T),\n"
|
|
" Pending,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:23
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"An async function returns an `impl Future`. It's also possible (but uncommon) to\n"
|
|
"implement `Future` for your own types. For example, the `JoinHandle` returned\n"
|
|
"from `tokio::spawn` implements `Future` to allow joining to it."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:27
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The `.await` keyword, applied to a Future, causes the current async function to\n"
|
|
"pause until that Future is ready, and then evaluates to its output."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/futures.md:32
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* The `Future` and `Poll` types are implemented exactly as shown; click the\n"
|
|
" links to show the implementations in the docs.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* We will not get to `Pin` and `Context`, as we will focus on writing async\n"
|
|
" code, rather than building new async primitives. Briefly:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * `Context` allows a Future to schedule itself to be polled again when an\n"
|
|
" event occurs.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * `Pin` ensures that the Future isn't moved in memory, so that pointers into\n"
|
|
" that future remain valid. This is required to allow references to remain\n"
|
|
" valid after an `.await`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Runtimes"
|
|
msgstr "# Garantias de tempo de execução"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A *runtime* provides support for performing operations asynchronously (a\n"
|
|
"*reactor*) and is responsible for executing futures (an *executor*). Rust does not have a\n"
|
|
"\"built-in\" runtime, but several options are available:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
" * [Tokio](https://tokio.rs/) - performant, with a well-developed ecosystem of\n"
|
|
" functionality like [Hyper](https://hyper.rs/) for HTTP or\n"
|
|
" [Tonic](https://github.com/hyperium/tonic) for gRPC.\n"
|
|
" * [async-std](https://async.rs/) - aims to be a \"std for async\", and includes a\n"
|
|
" basic runtime in `async::task`.\n"
|
|
" * [smol](https://docs.rs/smol/latest/smol/) - simple and lightweight"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:14
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Several larger applications have their own runtimes. For example,\n"
|
|
"[Fuchsia](https://fuchsia.googlesource.com/fuchsia/+/refs/heads/main/src/lib/fuchsia-async/src/lib.rs)\n"
|
|
"already has one."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes.md:20
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Note that of the listed runtimes, only Tokio is supported in the Rust\n"
|
|
" playground. The playground also does not permit any I/O, so most interesting\n"
|
|
" async things can't run in the playground.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Futures are \"inert\" in that they do not do anything (not even start an I/O\n"
|
|
" operation) unless there is an executor polling them. This differs from JS\n"
|
|
" Promises, for example, which will run to completion even if they are never\n"
|
|
" used."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Tokio"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:4
|
|
msgid "Tokio provides: "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* A multi-threaded runtime for executing asynchronous code.\n"
|
|
"* An asynchronous version of the standard library.\n"
|
|
"* A large ecosystem of libraries."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn count_to(count: i32) {\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..=count {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Count in task: {i}!\");\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(count_to(10));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Main task: {i}\");\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* With the `tokio::main` macro we can now make `main` async.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The `spawn` function creates a new, concurrent \"task\".\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Note: `spawn` takes a `Future`, you don't call `.await` on `count_to`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:39
|
|
msgid "**Further exploration:**"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/runtimes/tokio.md:41
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Why does `count_to` not (usually) get to 10? This is an example of async\n"
|
|
" cancellation. `tokio::spawn` returns a handle which can be awaited to wait\n"
|
|
" until it finishes.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Try `count_to(10).await` instead of spawning.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Try awaiting the task returned from `tokio::spawn`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Tasks"
|
|
msgstr "## Tarefas"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Runtimes have the concept of a \"task\", similar to a thread but much\n"
|
|
"less resource-intensive."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A task has a single top-level future which the executor polls to make progress.\n"
|
|
"That future may have one or more nested futures that its `poll` method polls,\n"
|
|
"corresponding loosely to a call stack. Concurrency within a task is possible by\n"
|
|
"polling multiple child futures, such as racing a timer and an I/O operation."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:11
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::io::{self, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::net::TcpListener;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {\n"
|
|
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:6142\").await?;\n"
|
|
"\tprintln!(\"listening on port 6142\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" let (mut socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(b\"Who are you?\\n\").await {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
" return;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut buf = vec![0; 1024];\n"
|
|
" let reply = match socket.read(&mut buf).await {\n"
|
|
" Ok(n) => {\n"
|
|
" let name = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..n]).unwrap().trim();\n"
|
|
" format!(\"Thanks for dialing in, {name}!\\n\")\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Err(e) => {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
" return;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" if let Err(e) = socket.write_all(reply.as_bytes()).await {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"socket error: {e:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:53 src/async/control-flow/join.md:36
|
|
msgid "Copy this example into your prepared `src/main.rs` and run it from there."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/tasks.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Ask students to visualize what the state of the example server would be with a\n"
|
|
" few connected clients. What tasks exist? What are their Futures?\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* This is the first time we've seen an `async` block. This is similar to a\n"
|
|
" closure, but does not take any arguments. Its return value is a Future,\n"
|
|
" similar to an `async fn`. \n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Refactor the async block into a function, and improve the error handling using `?`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Async Channels"
|
|
msgstr "# Channels (Canais)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:3
|
|
msgid "Several crates have support for `async`/`await`. For instance `tokio` channels:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn ping_handler(mut input: Receiver<()>) {\n"
|
|
" let mut count: usize = 0;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" while let Some(_) = input.recv().await {\n"
|
|
" count += 1;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Received {count} pings so far.\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"ping_handler complete\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
" let ping_handler_task = tokio::spawn(ping_handler(receiver));\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..10 {\n"
|
|
" sender.send(()).await.expect(\"Failed to send ping.\");\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Sent {} pings so far.\", i + 1);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" std::mem::drop(sender);\n"
|
|
" ping_handler_task.await.expect(\"Something went wrong in ping handler task.\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/channels.md:35
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Change the channel size to `3` and see how it affects the execution.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Overall, the interface is similar to the `sync` channels as seen in the\n"
|
|
" [morning class](concurrency/channels.md).\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Try removing the `std::mem::drop` call. What happens? Why?\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The [Flume](https://docs.rs/flume/latest/flume/) crate has channels that\n"
|
|
" implement both `sync` and `async` `send` and `recv`. This can be convenient\n"
|
|
" for complex applications with both IO and heavy CPU processing tasks.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* What makes working with `async` channels preferable is the ability to combine\n"
|
|
" them with other `future`s to combine them and create complex control flow."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Futures Control Flow"
|
|
msgstr "# Controle de fluxo"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Futures can be combined together to produce concurrent compute flow graphs. We\n"
|
|
"have already seen tasks, that function as independent threads of execution."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- [Join](control-flow/join.md)\n"
|
|
"- [Select](control-flow/select.md)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Join"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A join operation waits until all of a set of futures are ready, and\n"
|
|
"returns a collection of their results. This is similar to `Promise.all` in\n"
|
|
"JavaScript or `asyncio.gather` in Python."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use anyhow::Result;\n"
|
|
"use futures::future;\n"
|
|
"use reqwest;\n"
|
|
"use std::collections::HashMap;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn size_of_page(url: &str) -> Result<usize> {\n"
|
|
" let resp = reqwest::get(url).await?;\n"
|
|
" Ok(resp.text().await?.len())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let urls: [&str; 4] = [\n"
|
|
" \"https://google.com\",\n"
|
|
" \"https://httpbin.org/ip\",\n"
|
|
" \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\",\n"
|
|
" \"BAD_URL\",\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let futures_iter = urls.into_iter().map(size_of_page);\n"
|
|
" let results = future::join_all(futures_iter).await;\n"
|
|
" let page_sizes_dict: HashMap<&str, Result<usize>> =\n"
|
|
" urls.into_iter().zip(results.into_iter()).collect();\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", page_sizes_dict);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/join.md:38
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* For multiple futures of disjoint types, you can use `std::future::join!` but\n"
|
|
" you must know how many futures you will have at compile time. This is\n"
|
|
" currently in the `futures` crate, soon to be stabilised in `std::future`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The risk of `join` is that one of the futures may never resolve, this would\n"
|
|
" cause your program to stall. \n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* You can also combine `join_all` with `join!` for instance to join all requests\n"
|
|
" to an http service as well as a database query. Try adding a\n"
|
|
" `tokio::time::sleep` to the future, using `futures::join!`. This is not a\n"
|
|
" timeout (that requires `select!`, explained in the next chapter), but demonstrates `join!`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Select"
|
|
msgstr "# Configurar"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"A select operation waits until any of a set of futures is ready, and responds to\n"
|
|
"that future's result. In JavaScript, this is similar to `Promise.race`. In\n"
|
|
"Python, it compares to `asyncio.wait(task_set,\n"
|
|
"return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)`."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"This is usually a macro, similar to match, with each arm of the form `pattern =\n"
|
|
"future => statement`. When the future is ready, the statement is executed with the\n"
|
|
"variable bound to the future's result."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
"enum Animal {\n"
|
|
" Cat { name: String },\n"
|
|
" Dog { name: String },\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn first_animal_to_finish_race(\n"
|
|
" mut cat_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
|
|
" mut dog_rcv: Receiver<String>,\n"
|
|
") -> Option<Animal> {\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" cat_name = cat_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Cat { name: cat_name? }),\n"
|
|
" dog_name = dog_rcv.recv() => Some(Animal::Dog { name: dog_name? })\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (cat_sender, cat_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
" let (dog_sender, dog_receiver) = mpsc::channel(32);\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;\n"
|
|
" cat_sender\n"
|
|
" .send(String::from(\"Felix\"))\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to send cat.\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;\n"
|
|
" dog_sender\n"
|
|
" .send(String::from(\"Rex\"))\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to send dog.\");\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let winner = first_animal_to_finish_race(cat_receiver, dog_receiver)\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"Failed to receive winner\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Winner is {winner:?}\");\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/control-flow/select.md:61
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* In this example, we have a race between a cat and a dog.\n"
|
|
" `first_animal_to_finish_race` listens to both channels and will pick whichever\n"
|
|
" arrives first. Since the dog takes 50ms, it wins against the cat that\n"
|
|
" take 500ms seconds.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* You can use `oneshot` channels in this example as the channels are supposed to\n"
|
|
" receive only one `send`.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Try adding a deadline to the race, demonstrating selecting different sorts of\n"
|
|
" futures.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Note that `select!` moves the values it is given. It is easiest to use\n"
|
|
" when every execution of `select!` creates new futures. An alternative is to\n"
|
|
" pass `&mut future` instead of the future itself, but this can lead to\n"
|
|
" issues, further discussed in the pinning slide."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Pitfalls of async/await"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:3
|
|
msgid "Async / await provides convenient and efficient abstraction for concurrent asynchronous programming. However, the async/await model in Rust also comes with its share of pitfalls and footguns. We illustrate some of them in this chapter:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- [Blocking the Executor](pitfalls/blocking-executor.md)\n"
|
|
"- [Pin](pitfalls/pin.md)\n"
|
|
"- [Async Traits](pitfall/async-traits.md)"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Blocking the executor"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Most async runtimes only allow IO tasks to run concurrently.\n"
|
|
"This means that CPU blocking tasks will block the executor and prevent other tasks from being executed.\n"
|
|
"An easy workaround is to use async equivalent methods where possible."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use futures::future::join_all;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Instant;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn sleep_ms(start: &Instant, id: u64, duration_ms: u64) {\n"
|
|
" std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(duration_ms));\n"
|
|
" println!(\n"
|
|
" \"future {id} slept for {duration_ms}ms, finished after {}ms\",\n"
|
|
" start.elapsed().as_millis()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main(flavor = \"current_thread\")]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let start = Instant::now();\n"
|
|
" let sleep_futures = (1..=10).map(|t| sleep_ms(&start, t, t * 10));\n"
|
|
" join_all(sleep_futures).await;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/blocking-executor.md:29
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Run the code and see that the sleeps happen consecutively rather than\n"
|
|
" concurrently.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The `\"current_thread\"` flavor puts all tasks on a single thread. This makes the\n"
|
|
" effect more obvious, but the bug is still present in the multi-threaded\n"
|
|
" flavor.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Switch the `std::thread::sleep` to `tokio::time::sleep` and await its result.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Another fix would be to `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` which spawns an actual\n"
|
|
" thread and transforms its handle into a future without blocking the executor.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* You should not think of tasks as OS threads. They do not map 1 to 1 and most\n"
|
|
" executors will allow many tasks to run on a single OS thread. This is\n"
|
|
" particularly problematic when interacting with other libraries via FFI, where\n"
|
|
" that library might depend on thread-local storage or map to specific OS\n"
|
|
" threads (e.g., CUDA). Prefer `tokio::task::spawn_blocking` in such situations.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Use sync mutexes with care. Holding a mutex over an `.await` may cause another\n"
|
|
" task to block, and that task may be running on the same thread."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Pin"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"When you await a future, all local variables (that would ordinarily be stored on\n"
|
|
"a stack frame) are instead stored in the Future for the current async block. If your\n"
|
|
"future has pointers to data on the stack, those pointers might get invalidated.\n"
|
|
"This is unsafe."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:8
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Therefore, you must guarantee that the addresses your future points to don't\n"
|
|
"change. That is why we need to `pin` futures. Using the same future repeatedly\n"
|
|
"in a `select!` often leads to issues with pinned values."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::{mpsc, oneshot};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::task::spawn;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// A work item. In this case, just sleep for the given time and respond\n"
|
|
"// with a message on the `respond_on` channel.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct Work {\n"
|
|
" input: u32,\n"
|
|
" respond_on: oneshot::Sender<u32>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// A worker which listens for work on a queue and performs it.\n"
|
|
"async fn worker(mut work_queue: mpsc::Receiver<Work>) {\n"
|
|
" let mut iterations = 0;\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" Some(work) = work_queue.recv() => {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; // Pretend to work.\n"
|
|
" work.respond_on\n"
|
|
" .send(work.input * 1000)\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"failed to send response\");\n"
|
|
" iterations += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // TODO: report number of iterations every 100ms\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// A requester which requests work and waits for it to complete.\n"
|
|
"async fn do_work(work_queue: &mpsc::Sender<Work>, input: u32) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();\n"
|
|
" work_queue\n"
|
|
" .send(Work {\n"
|
|
" input,\n"
|
|
" respond_on: tx,\n"
|
|
" })\n"
|
|
" .await\n"
|
|
" .expect(\"failed to send on work queue\");\n"
|
|
" rx.await.expect(\"failed waiting for response\")\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
|
|
" spawn(worker(rx));\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
" let resp = do_work(&tx, i).await;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"work result for iteration {i}: {resp}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/pin.md:68
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* You may recognize this as an example of the actor pattern. Actors\n"
|
|
" typically call `select!` in a loop.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* This serves as a summation of a few of the previous lessons, so take your time\n"
|
|
" with it.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Naively add a `_ = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)) => { println!(..) }`\n"
|
|
" to the `select!`. This will never execute. Why?\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * Instead, add a `timeout_fut` containing that future outside of the `loop`:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
" let mut timeout_fut = sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" select! {\n"
|
|
" ..,\n"
|
|
" _ = timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
" * This still doesn't work. Follow the compiler errors, adding `&mut` to the\n"
|
|
" `timeout_fut` in the `select!` to work around the move, then using\n"
|
|
" `Box::pin`:\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
" let mut timeout_fut = Box::pin(sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)));\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" select! {\n"
|
|
" ..,\n"
|
|
" _ = &mut timeout_fut => { println!(..); },\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" ```\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" * This compiles, but once the timeout expires it is `Poll::Ready` on every\n"
|
|
" iteration (a fused future would help with this). Update to reset\n"
|
|
" `timeout_fut` every time it expires.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Box allocates on the heap. In some cases, `std::pin::pin!` (only recently\n"
|
|
" stabilized, with older code often using `tokio::pin!`) is also an option, but\n"
|
|
" that is difficult to use for a future that is reassigned.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Another alternative is to not use `pin` at all but spawn another task that will send to a `oneshot` channel every 100ms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Async Traits"
|
|
msgstr "# Traits (Características)"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:3
|
|
msgid "Async methods in traits are not yet supported in the stable channel ([An experimental feature exists in nightly and should be stabilized in the mid term.](https://blog.rust-lang.org/inside-rust/2022/11/17/async-fn-in-trait-nightly.html))"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:5
|
|
msgid "The crate [async_trait](https://docs.rs/async-trait/latest/async_trait/) provides a workaround through a macro:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use async_trait::async_trait;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Instant;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[async_trait]\n"
|
|
"trait Sleeper {\n"
|
|
" async fn sleep(&self);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct FixedSleeper {\n"
|
|
" sleep_ms: u64,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[async_trait]\n"
|
|
"impl Sleeper for FixedSleeper {\n"
|
|
" async fn sleep(&self) {\n"
|
|
" sleep(Duration::from_millis(self.sleep_ms)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>>, n_times: usize) {\n"
|
|
" for _ in 0..n_times {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"running all sleepers..\");\n"
|
|
" for sleeper in &sleepers {\n"
|
|
" let start = Instant::now();\n"
|
|
" sleeper.sleep().await;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"slept for {}ms\", start.elapsed().as_millis());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let sleepers: Vec<Box<dyn Sleeper>> = vec![\n"
|
|
" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 50 }),\n"
|
|
" Box::new(FixedSleeper { sleep_ms: 100 }),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" run_all_sleepers_multiple_times(sleepers, 5).await;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:49
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "<details> "
|
|
msgstr "<details>"
|
|
|
|
#: src/async/pitfalls/async-traits.md:51
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* `async_trait` is easy to use, but note that it's using heap allocations to\n"
|
|
" achieve this. This heap allocation has performance overhead.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* The challenges in language support for `async trait` are deep Rust and\n"
|
|
" probably not worth describing in-depth. Niko Matsakis did a good job of\n"
|
|
" explaining them in [this\n"
|
|
" post](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2019/10/26/async-fn-in-traits-are-hard/)\n"
|
|
" if you are interested in digging deeper.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* Try creating a new sleeper struct that will sleep for a random amount of time\n"
|
|
" and adding it to the Vec."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "To practice your Async Rust skills, we have again two exercises for you:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Dining philosophers: we already saw this problem in the morning. This time\n"
|
|
" you are going to implement it with Async Rust.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"* A Broadcast Chat Application: this is a larger project that allows you\n"
|
|
" experiment with more advanced Async Rust features."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Dining Philosophers - Async"
|
|
msgstr "# Filósofos jantando"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"See [dining philosophers](dining-philosophers.md) for a description of the\n"
|
|
"problem."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:6
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"As before, you will need a local\n"
|
|
"[Cargo installation](../../cargo/running-locally.md) for this exercise. Copy\n"
|
|
"the code below to a file called `src/main.rs`, fill out the blanks, and test\n"
|
|
"that `cargo run` does not deadlock:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Você precisará de uma [instalação do Cargo][../../cargo/running-locally.md] local para\n"
|
|
"esse exercício. Copie o código abaixo para o arquivo `src/main.rs`, preencha os espaços em branco,\n"
|
|
"e teste se `cargo run` não trava:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:13
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Fork;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
" // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" async fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
" self.thoughts\n"
|
|
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name)).await\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" async fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
" // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // Create forks\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create philosophers\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:57
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Since this time you are using Async Rust, you'll need a `tokio` dependency.\n"
|
|
"You can use the following `Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:62
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"dining-philosophers-async-dine\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"tokio = {version = \"1.26.0\", features = [\"sync\", \"time\", \"macros\", \"rt-multi-thread\"]}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:72
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Also note that this time you have to use the `Mutex` and the `mpsc` module\n"
|
|
"from the `tokio` crate."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/dining-philosophers-async.md:77
|
|
msgid "* Can you make your implementation single-threaded? "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Broadcast Chat Application"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"In this exercise, we want to use our new knowledge to implement a broadcast\n"
|
|
"chat application. We have a chat server that the clients connect to and publish\n"
|
|
"their messages. The client reads user messages from the standard input, and\n"
|
|
"sends them to the server. The chat server broadcasts each message that it\n"
|
|
"receives to all the clients."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"For this, we use [a broadcast channel][1] on the server, and\n"
|
|
"[`tokio_websockets`][2] for the communication between the client and the\n"
|
|
"server."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:13
|
|
msgid "Create a new Cargo project and add the following dependencies:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:15
|
|
msgid "`Cargo.toml`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```toml\n"
|
|
"[package]\n"
|
|
"name = \"chat-async\"\n"
|
|
"version = \"0.1.0\"\n"
|
|
"edition = \"2021\"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"[dependencies]\n"
|
|
"futures-util = \"0.3.28\"\n"
|
|
"http = \"0.2.9\"\n"
|
|
"tokio = { version = \"1.28.1\", features = [\"full\"] }\n"
|
|
"tokio-websockets = \"0.3.2\"\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:32
|
|
msgid "## The required APIs"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:33
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"You are going to need the following functions from `tokio` and\n"
|
|
"[`tokio_websockets`][2]. Spend a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the\n"
|
|
"API. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:37
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"- [WebsocketStream::next()][3]: for asynchronously reading messages from a\n"
|
|
" Websocket Stream.\n"
|
|
"- [SinkExt::send()][4] implemented by `WebsocketStream`: for asynchronously\n"
|
|
" sending messages on a Websocket Stream.\n"
|
|
"- [BufReader::read_line()][5]: for asynchronously reading user messages\n"
|
|
" from the standard input.\n"
|
|
"- [Sender::subscribe()][6]: for subscribing to a broadcast channel."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:46
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Two binaries"
|
|
msgstr "# Binários Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:48
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Normally in a Cargo project, you can have only one binary, and one\n"
|
|
"`src/main.rs` file. In this project, we need two binaries. One for the client,\n"
|
|
"and one for the server. You could potentially make them two separate Cargo\n"
|
|
"projects, but we are going to put them in a single Cargo project with two\n"
|
|
"binaries. For this to work, the client and the server code should go under\n"
|
|
"`src/bin` (see the [documentation][7]). "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:55
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Copy the following server and client code into `src/bin/server.rs` and\n"
|
|
"`src/bin/client.rs`, respectively. Your task is to complete these files as\n"
|
|
"described below. "
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:59
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:117
|
|
msgid "`src/bin/server.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:61
|
|
msgid "<!-- File src/bin/server.rs -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
|
|
"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"async fn handle_connection(\n"
|
|
" addr: SocketAddr,\n"
|
|
" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
|
|
" bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
|
|
" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:102
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:202
|
|
msgid "`src/bin/client.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:104
|
|
msgid "<!-- File src/bin/client.rs -->"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:106
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
"use http::Uri;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
|
|
"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
|
|
" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n"
|
|
" .connect()\n"
|
|
" .await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
|
|
" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: For a hint, see the description of the task below.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:127
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Running the binaries"
|
|
msgstr "# Executando o curso"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:128
|
|
msgid "Run the server with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:130
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run --bin server\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:134
|
|
msgid "and the client with:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:136
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run --bin client\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"```shell\n"
|
|
"$ cargo run\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/chat-app.md:142
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* Implement the `handle_connection` function in `src/bin/server.rs`.\n"
|
|
" * Hint: Use `tokio::select!` for concurrently performing two tasks in a\n"
|
|
" continuous loop. One task receives messages from the client and broadcasts\n"
|
|
" them. The other sends messages received by the server to the client.\n"
|
|
"* Complete the main function in `src/bin/client.rs`.\n"
|
|
" * Hint: As before, use `tokio::select!` in a continuous loop for concurrently\n"
|
|
" performing two tasks: (1) reading user messages from standard input and\n"
|
|
" sending them to the server, and (2) receiving messages from the server, and\n"
|
|
" displaying them for the user.\n"
|
|
"* Optional: Once you are done, change the code to broadcast messages to all\n"
|
|
" clients, but the sender of the message."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Thanks!"
|
|
msgstr "# Obrigado!"
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"_Thank you for taking Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ We hope you enjoyed it and that it\n"
|
|
"was useful."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"_Obrigado por fazer o Comprehensive Rust 🦀!_ Esperamos que tenha gostado e que\n"
|
|
"tenha sido útil."
|
|
|
|
#: src/thanks.md:6
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"We've had a lot of fun putting the course together. The course is not perfect,\n"
|
|
"so if you spotted any mistakes or have ideas for improvements, please get in\n"
|
|
"[contact with us on\n"
|
|
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). We would love\n"
|
|
"to hear from you."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Nós nos divertimos muito montando o curso. O curso não é perfeito,\n"
|
|
"portanto, se você identificou algum erro ou tem ideias para melhorias, entre em\n"
|
|
"[entre em contato conosco em\n"
|
|
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Nós adoraríamos\n"
|
|
"ouvir você."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Other Rust Resources"
|
|
msgstr "# Outros recursos de Rust"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The Rust community has created a wealth of high-quality and free resources\n"
|
|
"online."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A comunidade Rust tem abundância de recursos gratuitos e de alta qualidade\n"
|
|
"on-line."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:6
|
|
msgid "## Official Documentation"
|
|
msgstr "## Documentação Oficial"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:8
|
|
msgid "The Rust project hosts many resources. These cover Rust in general:"
|
|
msgstr "O projeto Rust hospeda muitos recursos. Estes cobrem Rust em geral:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): the\n"
|
|
" canonical free book about Rust. Covers the language in detail and includes a\n"
|
|
" few projects for people to build.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): covers the Rust\n"
|
|
" syntax via a series of examples which showcase different constructs. Sometimes\n"
|
|
" includes small exercises where you are asked to expand on the code in the\n"
|
|
" examples.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): full documentation of\n"
|
|
" the standard library for Rust.\n"
|
|
"* [The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): an incomplete book\n"
|
|
" which describes the Rust grammar and memory model."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [A Linguagem de Programação Rust](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/): o\n"
|
|
" livro gratuito canônico sobre Rust. Abrange o idioma em detalhes e inclui alguns\n"
|
|
" projetos para as pessoas construírem.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust By Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/): abrange a sintaxe de Rust\n"
|
|
" por meio de uma série de exemplos que mostram diferentes construções. As vezes\n"
|
|
" inclui pequenos exercícios onde você é solicitado a expandir o código dos\n"
|
|
" exemplos.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust Standard Library](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/): documentação completa da\n"
|
|
" biblioteca padrão para Rust.\n"
|
|
"* [The Rust Reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/): um livro incompleto\n"
|
|
" que descreve a gramática Rust e o modelo de memória."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:22
|
|
msgid "More specialized guides hosted on the official Rust site:"
|
|
msgstr "Mais guias especializados hospedados no site oficial do Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:24
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): covers unsafe Rust,\n"
|
|
" including working with raw pointers and interfacing with other languages\n"
|
|
" (FFI).\n"
|
|
"* [Asynchronous Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/):\n"
|
|
" covers the new asynchronous programming model which was introduced after the\n"
|
|
" Rust Book was written.\n"
|
|
"* [The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): an\n"
|
|
" introduction to using Rust on embedded devices without an operating system."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [O Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/): cobre Rust inseguro,\n"
|
|
" incluindo trabalhar com ponteiros brutos e fazer interface com outras linguagens\n"
|
|
" (FFI).\n"
|
|
"* [Programação assíncrona em Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/):\n"
|
|
" abrange o novo modelo de programação assíncrona que foi introduzido após o\n"
|
|
" Rust Book ser escrito.\n"
|
|
"* [The Embedded Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/embedded-book/): uma\n"
|
|
" introdução ao uso do Rust em dispositivos embarcados sem um sistema operacional."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:33
|
|
msgid "## Unofficial Learning Material"
|
|
msgstr "## Material de aprendizagem não oficial"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:35
|
|
msgid "A small selection of other guides and tutorial for Rust:"
|
|
msgstr "Uma pequena seleção de outros guias e tutoriais para Rust:"
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:37
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"* [Learn Rust the Dangerous Way](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): covers Rust\n"
|
|
" from the perspective of low-level C programmers.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust for Embedded C\n"
|
|
" Programmers](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/rust_for_c/): covers Rust from\n"
|
|
" the perspective of developers who write firmware in C.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust for professionals](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/):\n"
|
|
" covers the syntax of Rust using side-by-side comparisons with other languages\n"
|
|
" such as C, C++, Java, JavaScript, and Python.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): 100+ exercises to help\n"
|
|
" you learn Rust.\n"
|
|
"* [Ferrous Teaching\n"
|
|
" Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index.html): a\n"
|
|
" series of small presentations covering both basic and advanced part of the\n"
|
|
" Rust language. Other topics such as WebAssembly, and async/await are also\n"
|
|
" covered.\n"
|
|
"* [Beginner's Series to\n"
|
|
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-series-to-rust/) and\n"
|
|
" [Take your first steps with\n"
|
|
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): two\n"
|
|
" Rust guides aimed at new developers. The first is a set of 35 videos and the\n"
|
|
" second is a set of 11 modules which covers Rust syntax and basic constructs.\n"
|
|
"* [Learn Rust With Entirely Too Many Linked\n"
|
|
" Lists](https://rust-unofficial.github.io/too-many-lists/): in-depth\n"
|
|
" exploration of Rust's memory management rules, through implementing a few\n"
|
|
" different types of list structures."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"* [Aprenda Rust da maneira perigosa](http://cliffle.com/p/dangerust/): cobre Rust\n"
|
|
" da perspectiva de programadores C de baixo nível.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust para Programadores Embedded C](https://docs.opentitan.org/doc/ug/rust_for_c/):\n"
|
|
" cobre Rust da perspectiva dos desenvolvedores que escrevem firmware em C.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust para profissionais](https://overexact.com/rust-for-professionals/):\n"
|
|
" cobre a sintaxe do Rust usando comparações lado a lado com outras linguagens\n"
|
|
" como C, C++, Java, JavaScript e Python.\n"
|
|
"* [Rust on Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust): mais de 100 exercícios para ajudar\n"
|
|
" você aprende Rust.\n"
|
|
"* [Ensino Ferroso\n"
|
|
" Material](https://ferrous-systems.github.io/teaching-material/index.html): uma\n"
|
|
" série de pequenas apresentações abrangendo tanto a parte básica quanto a avançada da\n"
|
|
" Linguagem Rust. Outros tópicos como WebAssembly e async/await também são\n"
|
|
" abordados.\n"
|
|
"* [Série Iniciante a\n"
|
|
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/shows/beginners-series-to-rust/) e\n"
|
|
" [Dê seus primeiros passos com\n"
|
|
" Rust](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/paths/rust-first-steps/): dois\n"
|
|
" guias Rust voltados para novos desenvolvedores. O primeiro é um conjunto de 35 vídeos e o\n"
|
|
" o segundo é um conjunto de 11 módulos que cobrem a sintaxe Rust e as construções básicas."
|
|
|
|
#: src/other-resources.md:63
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Please see the [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) for\n"
|
|
"even more Rust books."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Consulte o [Little Book of Rust Books](https://lborb.github.io/book/) para\n"
|
|
"ainda mais livros Rust."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Credits"
|
|
msgstr "# Créditos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:3
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material here builds on top of the many great sources of Rust documentation.\n"
|
|
"See the page on [other resources](other-resources.md) for a full list of useful\n"
|
|
"resources."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O material aqui se baseia em muitas fontes excelentes de documentação do Rust.\n"
|
|
"Consulte a página em [outros recursos](other-resources.md) para obter uma lista completa de recursos úteis\n"
|
|
"."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The material of Comprehensive Rust is licensed under the terms of the Apache 2.0\n"
|
|
"license, please see [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) for details."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"O material do Comprehensive Rust é licenciado sob os termos da licença Apache 2.0\n"
|
|
", consulte [`LICENSE`](../LICENSE) para obter detalhes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:10
|
|
msgid "## Rust by Example"
|
|
msgstr "## Rust by Example"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:12
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some examples and exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust by\n"
|
|
"Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). Please see the\n"
|
|
"`third_party/rust-by-example/` directory for details, including the license\n"
|
|
"terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Alguns exemplos e exercícios foram copiados e adaptados de [Rust by\n"
|
|
"Exemplo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/). por favor veja o\n"
|
|
"diretório `third_party/rust-by-example/` para detalhes, incluindo os termos de\n"
|
|
"licença."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:17
|
|
msgid "## Rust on Exercism"
|
|
msgstr "## Rust on Exercism"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:19
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Some exercises have been copied and adapted from [Rust on\n"
|
|
"Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). Please see the\n"
|
|
"`third_party/rust-on-exercism/` directory for details, including the license\n"
|
|
"terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Alguns exercícios foram copiados e adaptados de [Rust on\n"
|
|
"Exercism](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust). por favor veja o\n"
|
|
"diretório `third_party/rust-on-exercism/` para obter detalhes, incluindo os termos\n"
|
|
"licença."
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:24
|
|
msgid "## CXX"
|
|
msgstr "## CXX"
|
|
|
|
#: src/credits.md:26
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"The [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) section uses an\n"
|
|
"image from [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Please see the `third_party/cxx/` directory\n"
|
|
"for details, including the license terms."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"A seção [Interoperability with C++](android/interoperability/cpp.md) usa uma\n"
|
|
"imagem de [CXX](https://cxx.rs/). Consulte o diretório `third_party/cxx/`\n"
|
|
"para obter detalhes, incluindo os termos da licença."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Solutions"
|
|
msgstr "# Soluções"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:3
|
|
msgid "You will find solutions to the exercises on the following pages."
|
|
msgstr "Você encontrará soluções para os exercícios nas páginas seguintes."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:5
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"Feel free to ask questions about the solutions [on\n"
|
|
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Let us know\n"
|
|
"if you have a different or better solution than what is presented here."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Sinta-se à vontade para fazer perguntas sobre as soluções [no\n"
|
|
"GitHub](https://github.com/google/comprehensive-rust/discussions). Nos informe\n"
|
|
"se você tiver uma solução diferente ou melhor do que a apresentada aqui."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/solutions.md:10
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"> **Note:** Please ignore the `// ANCHOR: label` and `// ANCHOR_END: label`\n"
|
|
"> comments you see in the solutions. They are there to make it possible to\n"
|
|
"> re-use parts of the solutions as the exercises."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"> **Nota:** Ignore os comentários `// ANCHOR: label` e `// ANCHOR_END: label`\n"
|
|
"> que você vê nas soluções. Eles estão lá para tornar possível\n"
|
|
"> reutilizar partes das soluções como exercícios."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 1 Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 1 Exercícios matinais"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "## Arrays and `for` Loops"
|
|
msgstr "## Vetores e laços `for`"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](for-loops.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](for-loops.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: transpose\n"
|
|
"fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n"
|
|
" let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
" for j in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
" result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" return result;\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n"
|
|
"fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n"
|
|
" for row in matrix {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{row:?}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: tests\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_transpose() {\n"
|
|
" let matrix = [\n"
|
|
" [101, 102, 103], //\n"
|
|
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" transposed,\n"
|
|
" [\n"
|
|
" [101, 201, 301], //\n"
|
|
" [102, 202, 302],\n"
|
|
" [103, 203, 303],\n"
|
|
" ]\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: tests\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let matrix = [\n"
|
|
" [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
" [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
" [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&matrix);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:78
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "### Bonus question"
|
|
msgstr "## Pergunta Bônus"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:80
|
|
msgid "It requires more advanced concepts. It might seem that we could use a slice-of-slices (`&[&[i32]]`) as the input type to transpose and thus make our function handle any size of matrix. However, this quickly breaks down: the return type cannot be `&[&[i32]]` since it needs to own the data you return."
|
|
msgstr "Isso necessita a utilização de conceitos mais avançados. Pode parecer que poderíamos usar uma slice de slices (`&[&[i32]]`) como o tipo de entrada para `transposta` e, assim, fazer nossa função lidar com qualquer tamanho de matriz. No entanto, isso falha rapidamente: o tipo de retorno não pode ser `&[&[i32]]`, pois ele precisa possuir os dados que você retorna."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:82
|
|
msgid "You can attempt to use something like `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, but this doesn't work out-of-the-box either: it's hard to convert from `Vec<Vec<i32>>` to `&[&[i32]]` so now you cannot easily use `pretty_print` either."
|
|
msgstr "Você pode tentar usar algo como `Vec<Vec<i32>>`, mas isso também não funciona muito bem: é difícil converter de `Vec<Vec<i32>>` para `&[&[i32]] ` então agora você também não pode usar `impressao_formatada` facilmente."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:84
|
|
msgid "Once we get to traits and generics, we'll be able to use the [`std::convert::AsRef`][1] trait to abstract over anything that can be referenced as a slice."
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"Assim que chegarmos aos _traits_ and _generics_, podemos usar o _trait_ [`std::convert::AsRef`][1] para abstrair qualquer coisa\n"
|
|
"que pode ser referenciada como um _slice_."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:86
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"use std::convert::AsRef;\n"
|
|
"use std::fmt::Debug;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn pretty_print<T, Line, Matrix>(matrix: Matrix)\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" T: Debug,\n"
|
|
" // A line references a slice of items\n"
|
|
" Line: AsRef<[T]>,\n"
|
|
" // A matrix references a slice of lines\n"
|
|
" Matrix: AsRef<[Line]>\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
" for row in matrix.as_ref() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", row.as_ref());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // &[&[i32]]\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n"
|
|
" // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n"
|
|
" pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n"
|
|
" // Vec<Vec<i32>>\n"
|
|
" pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
"fn impressao_formatada<T, Linha, Matriz>(matriz: Matriz)\n"
|
|
"where\n"
|
|
" T: Debug,\n"
|
|
" // Linha referencia uma slice de itens\n"
|
|
" Linha: AsRef<[T]>,\n"
|
|
" // Matriz referencia uma slice de linhas\n"
|
|
" Matriz: AsRef<[Linha]>\n"
|
|
"{\n"
|
|
" for linha in matriz.as_ref() {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{:?}\", linha.as_ref());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-morning.md:113
|
|
msgid "In addition, the type itself would not enforce that the child slices are of the same length, so such variable could contain an invalid matrix."
|
|
msgstr "Além disso, o próprio tipo não imporia que as slices filhas tenham o mesmo comprimento, portanto, tal variável poderia conter uma matriz inválida."
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 1 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 1 Exercícios da Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "## Designing a Library"
|
|
msgstr "## Projetando uma biblioteca"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](book-library.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](book-library.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-1/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"struct Library {\n"
|
|
" books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" year: u16,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Book {\n"
|
|
" // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
" Book {\n"
|
|
" title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
" year,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Implement the methods below. Update the `self` parameter to\n"
|
|
"// indicate the method's required level of ownership over the object:\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// - `&self` for shared read-only access,\n"
|
|
"// - `&mut self` for unique and mutable access,\n"
|
|
"// - `self` for unique access by value.\n"
|
|
"impl Library {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_new\n"
|
|
" fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
|
|
" Library { books: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_len\n"
|
|
" //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return the length of `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
|
|
" fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" self.books.len()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
" //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return `true` if `self.books` is empty\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
" fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" self.books.is_empty()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
" //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Add a new book to `self.books`\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
" fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
" self.books.push(book)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n"
|
|
" //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Iterate over `self.books` and each book's title and year\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n"
|
|
" fn print_books(&self) {\n"
|
|
" for book in &self.books {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{}, published in {}\", book.title, book.year);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
" //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
" // todo!(\"Return a reference to the oldest book (if any)\")\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
" fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
" // Using a closure and a built-in method:\n"
|
|
" // self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Longer hand-written solution:\n"
|
|
" let mut oldest: Option<&Book> = None;\n"
|
|
" for book in self.books.iter() {\n"
|
|
" if oldest.is_none() || book.year < oldest.unwrap().year {\n"
|
|
" oldest = Some(book);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" oldest\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
|
|
"// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
|
|
"// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
|
|
"// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library is no longer empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
" // Some(book) => println!(\"The oldest book is {}\", book.title),\n"
|
|
" // None => println!(\"The library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
" //}\n"
|
|
" //\n"
|
|
" //println!(\"The library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
" //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_len() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n"
|
|
" assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n"
|
|
" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" assert!(library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_print_books() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
" // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n"
|
|
" // method to start with.\n"
|
|
" library.print_books();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
" let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
" assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
" library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
" Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 2 Morning Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 2 Exercícios matinais"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "## Points and Polygons"
|
|
msgstr "## Pontos e Polígonos"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](points-polygons.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](points-polygons.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Point\n"
|
|
"pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Point\n"
|
|
" x: i32,\n"
|
|
" y: i32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n"
|
|
"impl Point {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n"
|
|
" pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
|
|
" Point { x, y }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" (self - other).magnitude()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
" type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" x: self.x + other.x,\n"
|
|
" y: self.y + other.y,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n"
|
|
" type Output = Self;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" x: self.x - other.x,\n"
|
|
" y: self.y - other.y,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Polygon\n"
|
|
"pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n"
|
|
" points: Vec<Point>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
"impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
" pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
|
|
" Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n"
|
|
" self.points.push(point);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
|
|
" self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
|
|
" self.points.iter()\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" if self.points.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
" return 0.0;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut result = 0.0;\n"
|
|
" let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n"
|
|
" for point in &self.points[1..] {\n"
|
|
" result += last_point.dist(*point);\n"
|
|
" last_point = *point;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n"
|
|
" result\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Circle\n"
|
|
"pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n"
|
|
" center: Point,\n"
|
|
" radius: i32,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
"impl Circle {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
" pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
|
|
" Circle { center, radius }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Shape\n"
|
|
"pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
" Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
" Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: Shape\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
|
|
" fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
|
|
" fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Shape {\n"
|
|
" pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" match self {\n"
|
|
" Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
|
|
" Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
" (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_dist() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_point_add() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
" let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
" let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
" let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
" poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
" let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
" Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
" ];\n"
|
|
" let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
" .iter()\n"
|
|
" .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
" .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 2 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 2 Exercícios da Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "## Luhn Algorithm"
|
|
msgstr "## Algoritmo de Luhn"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](luhn.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: luhn\n"
|
|
"pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n"
|
|
" let mut digits_seen = 0;\n"
|
|
" let mut sum = 0;\n"
|
|
" for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ').enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" match ch.to_digit(10) {\n"
|
|
" Some(d) => {\n"
|
|
" sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n"
|
|
" let dd = d * 2;\n"
|
|
" dd / 10 + dd % 10\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" d\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" digits_seen += 1;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" None => return false,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" if digits_seen < 2 {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" sum % 10 == 0\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n"
|
|
" println!(\n"
|
|
" \"Is {cc_number} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n"
|
|
" if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:97
|
|
msgid "## Strings and Iterators"
|
|
msgstr "## Strings e iteradores"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:99
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](strings-iterators.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-2/solutions-afternoon.md:101
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n"
|
|
"pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n"
|
|
" let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n"
|
|
" let request_paths = request_path\n"
|
|
" .split('/')\n"
|
|
" .map(|p| Some(p))\n"
|
|
" .chain(std::iter::once(None));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n"
|
|
" match request_path {\n"
|
|
" Some(request_path) => {\n"
|
|
" if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n"
|
|
" return false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" None => return false,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" true\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[test]\n"
|
|
"fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
" assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
" assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
" \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
" ));\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 3 Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 3 Exercício matinal"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "## A Simple GUI Library"
|
|
msgstr "## Uma biblioteca GUI simples"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](simple-gui.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
" /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
" fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
" let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
" self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
" label: String,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Label {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
" Label {\n"
|
|
" label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label,\n"
|
|
" callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Button {\n"
|
|
" fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
" Button {\n"
|
|
" label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
" callback,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
" title: String,\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Window {\n"
|
|
" fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
" Window {\n"
|
|
" title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
" widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" fn inner_width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
" self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
" self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Window-width\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
|
|
" // Add 4 paddings for borders\n"
|
|
" self.inner_width() + 4\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
" let mut inner = String::new();\n"
|
|
" for widget in &self.widgets {\n"
|
|
" widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let inner_width = self.inner_width();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
|
|
" // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
|
|
" // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"| {:^inner_width$} |\", &self.title).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+={:=<inner_width$}=+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" for line in inner.lines() {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"| {:inner_width$} |\", line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<inner_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Button-width\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
|
|
" self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
" let width = self.width();\n"
|
|
" let mut label = String::new();\n"
|
|
" self.label.draw_into(&mut label);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" for line in label.lines() {\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"|{:^width$}|\", &line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Label-width\n"
|
|
"impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
" fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
|
|
" self.label\n"
|
|
" .lines()\n"
|
|
" .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
|
|
" .max()\n"
|
|
" .unwrap_or(0)\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
" fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
" writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n"
|
|
" window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
" \"Click me!\",\n"
|
|
" Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
|
|
" )));\n"
|
|
" window.draw();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Day 3 Afternoon Exercises"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 3 Exercícios da Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "## Safe FFI Wrapper"
|
|
msgstr "## Wrapper FFI Seguro"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](safe-ffi-wrapper.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/day-3/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: ffi\n"
|
|
"mod ffi {\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
" _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
" _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(not(target_os = \"macos\"))]\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_ino: c_long,\n"
|
|
" pub d_off: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: c_char,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Layout as per man entry for dirent\n"
|
|
" #[cfg(target_os = \"macos\")]\n"
|
|
" #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
" pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
" pub d_ino: u64,\n"
|
|
" pub d_seekoff: u64,\n"
|
|
" pub d_reclen: u16,\n"
|
|
" pub d_namlen: u16,\n"
|
|
" pub d_type: u8,\n"
|
|
" pub d_name: [c_char; 1024],\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
" pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
" pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
" pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
"use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" path: CString,\n"
|
|
" dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: ffi\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n"
|
|
"impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
" // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
" // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n"
|
|
" let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: {err}\"))?;\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
|
|
" let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
" if dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
" Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Iterator\n"
|
|
"impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
" fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
" // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
|
|
" let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n"
|
|
" if dirent.is_null() {\n"
|
|
" // We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
|
|
" return None;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
|
|
" // terminated.\n"
|
|
" let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
" let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n"
|
|
" Some(os_str.to_owned())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Drop\n"
|
|
"impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
" fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n"
|
|
" if !self.dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
" // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
|
|
" if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n"
|
|
" panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
"mod tests {\n"
|
|
" use super::*;\n"
|
|
" use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_nonexisting_directory() {\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\"no-such-directory\");\n"
|
|
" assert!(iter.is_err());\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_empty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
|
|
" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
|
|
" )?;\n"
|
|
" let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" entries.sort();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\"]);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" #[test]\n"
|
|
" fn test_nonempty_directory() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
" let tmp = tempfile::TempDir::new()?;\n"
|
|
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"foo.txt\"), \"The Foo Diaries\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"bar.png\"), \"<PNG>\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
" std::fs::write(tmp.path().join(\"crab.rs\"), \"//! Crab\\n\")?;\n"
|
|
" let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\n"
|
|
" tmp.path().to_str().ok_or(\"Non UTF-8 character in path\")?,\n"
|
|
" )?;\n"
|
|
" let mut entries = iter.collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
" entries.sort();\n"
|
|
" assert_eq!(entries, &[\".\", \"..\", \"bar.png\", \"crab.rs\", \"foo.txt\"]);\n"
|
|
" Ok(())\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Bare Metal Rust Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 3 Exercício matinal"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Compass"
|
|
msgstr "# Comparação"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](compass.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](for-loops.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"extern crate panic_halt as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::fmt::Write;\n"
|
|
"use cortex_m_rt::entry;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
|
|
"use core::cmp::{max, min};\n"
|
|
"use lsm303agr::{AccelOutputDataRate, Lsm303agr, MagOutputDataRate};\n"
|
|
"use microbit::display::blocking::Display;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::prelude::*;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::twim::Twim;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::uarte::{Baudrate, Parity, Uarte};\n"
|
|
"use microbit::hal::Timer;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::pac::twim0::frequency::FREQUENCY_A;\n"
|
|
"use microbit::Board;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"const COMPASS_SCALE: i32 = 30000;\n"
|
|
"const ACCELEROMETER_SCALE: i32 = 700;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"#[entry]\n"
|
|
"fn main() -> ! {\n"
|
|
" let board = Board::take().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Configure serial port.\n"
|
|
" let mut serial = Uarte::new(\n"
|
|
" board.UARTE0,\n"
|
|
" board.uart.into(),\n"
|
|
" Parity::EXCLUDED,\n"
|
|
" Baudrate::BAUD115200,\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set up the I2C controller and Inertial Measurement Unit.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
" writeln!(serial, \"Setting up IMU...\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let i2c = Twim::new(board.TWIM0, board.i2c_internal.into(), FREQUENCY_A::K100);\n"
|
|
" let mut imu = Lsm303agr::new_with_i2c(i2c);\n"
|
|
" imu.init().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" imu.set_mag_odr(MagOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" imu.set_accel_odr(AccelOutputDataRate::Hz50).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let mut imu = imu.into_mag_continuous().ok().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Set up display and timer.\n"
|
|
" let mut timer = Timer::new(board.TIMER0);\n"
|
|
" let mut display = Display::new(board.display_pins);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut mode = Mode::Compass;\n"
|
|
" let mut button_pressed = false;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: loop\n"
|
|
" writeln!(serial, \"Ready.\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" // Read compass data and log it to the serial port.\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: loop\n"
|
|
" while !(imu.mag_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data\n"
|
|
" && imu.accel_status().unwrap().xyz_new_data)\n"
|
|
" {}\n"
|
|
" let compass_reading = imu.mag_data().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let accelerometer_reading = imu.accel_data().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" writeln!(\n"
|
|
" serial,\n"
|
|
" \"{},{},{}\\t{},{},{}\",\n"
|
|
" compass_reading.x,\n"
|
|
" compass_reading.y,\n"
|
|
" compass_reading.z,\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.z,\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let mut image = [[0; 5]; 5];\n"
|
|
" let (x, y) = match mode {\n"
|
|
" Mode::Compass => (\n"
|
|
" scale(-compass_reading.x, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, 4) as usize,\n"
|
|
" scale(compass_reading.y, -COMPASS_SCALE, COMPASS_SCALE, 0, 4) as usize,\n"
|
|
" ),\n"
|
|
" Mode::Accelerometer => (\n"
|
|
" scale(\n"
|
|
" accelerometer_reading.x,\n"
|
|
" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" 0,\n"
|
|
" 4,\n"
|
|
" ) as usize,\n"
|
|
" scale(\n"
|
|
" -accelerometer_reading.y,\n"
|
|
" -ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" ACCELEROMETER_SCALE,\n"
|
|
" 0,\n"
|
|
" 4,\n"
|
|
" ) as usize,\n"
|
|
" ),\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
" image[y][x] = 255;\n"
|
|
" display.show(&mut timer, image, 100);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // If button A is pressed, switch to the next mode and briefly blink all LEDs on.\n"
|
|
" if board.buttons.button_a.is_low().unwrap() {\n"
|
|
" if !button_pressed {\n"
|
|
" mode = mode.next();\n"
|
|
" display.show(&mut timer, [[255; 5]; 5], 200);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" button_pressed = true;\n"
|
|
" } else {\n"
|
|
" button_pressed = false;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
"enum Mode {\n"
|
|
" Compass,\n"
|
|
" Accelerometer,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Mode {\n"
|
|
" fn next(self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" match self {\n"
|
|
" Self::Compass => Self::Accelerometer,\n"
|
|
" Self::Accelerometer => Self::Compass,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn scale(value: i32, min_in: i32, max_in: i32, min_out: i32, max_out: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" let range_in = max_in - min_in;\n"
|
|
" let range_out = max_out - min_out;\n"
|
|
" cap(\n"
|
|
" min_out + range_out * (value - min_in) / range_in,\n"
|
|
" min_out,\n"
|
|
" max_out,\n"
|
|
" )\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn cap(value: i32, min_value: i32, max_value: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
" max(min_value, min(value, max_value))\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
msgid "# Bare Metal Rust Afternoon"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
msgid "## RTC driver"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](rtc.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid "`main.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:9
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: top\n"
|
|
"#![no_main]\n"
|
|
"#![no_std]\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"mod exceptions;\n"
|
|
"mod logger;\n"
|
|
"mod pl011;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: top\n"
|
|
"mod pl031;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl031::Rtc;\n"
|
|
"use arm_gic::gicv3::{IntId, Trigger};\n"
|
|
"use arm_gic::{irq_enable, wfi};\n"
|
|
"use chrono::{TimeZone, Utc};\n"
|
|
"use core::hint::spin_loop;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: imports\n"
|
|
"use crate::pl011::Uart;\n"
|
|
"use arm_gic::gicv3::GicV3;\n"
|
|
"use core::panic::PanicInfo;\n"
|
|
"use log::{error, info, trace, LevelFilter};\n"
|
|
"use smccc::psci::system_off;\n"
|
|
"use smccc::Hvc;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base addresses of the GICv3.\n"
|
|
"const GICD_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x800_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"const GICR_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u64 = 0x80A_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the primary PL011 UART.\n"
|
|
"const PL011_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x900_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: imports\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Base address of the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
"const PL031_BASE_ADDRESS: *mut u32 = 0x901_0000 as _;\n"
|
|
"/// The IRQ used by the PL031 RTC.\n"
|
|
"const PL031_IRQ: IntId = IntId::spi(2);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"#[no_mangle]\n"
|
|
"extern \"C\" fn main(x0: u64, x1: u64, x2: u64, x3: u64) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL011_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL011 device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let uart = unsafe { Uart::new(PL011_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" logger::init(uart, LevelFilter::Trace).unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" info!(\"main({:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x})\", x0, x1, x2, x3);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `GICD_BASE_ADDRESS` and `GICR_BASE_ADDRESS` are the base\n"
|
|
" // addresses of a GICv3 distributor and redistributor respectively, and\n"
|
|
" // nothing else accesses those address ranges.\n"
|
|
" let mut gic = unsafe { GicV3::new(GICD_BASE_ADDRESS, GICR_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" gic.setup();\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Safe because `PL031_BASE_ADDRESS` is the base address of a PL031 device,\n"
|
|
" // and nothing else accesses that address range.\n"
|
|
" let mut rtc = unsafe { Rtc::new(PL031_BASE_ADDRESS) };\n"
|
|
" let timestamp = rtc.read();\n"
|
|
" let time = Utc.timestamp_opt(timestamp.into(), 0).unwrap();\n"
|
|
" info!(\"RTC: {time}\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" GicV3::set_priority_mask(0xff);\n"
|
|
" gic.set_interrupt_priority(PL031_IRQ, 0x80);\n"
|
|
" gic.set_trigger(PL031_IRQ, Trigger::Level);\n"
|
|
" irq_enable();\n"
|
|
" gic.enable_interrupt(PL031_IRQ, true);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait for 3 seconds, without interrupts.\n"
|
|
" let target = timestamp + 3;\n"
|
|
" rtc.set_match(target);\n"
|
|
" info!(\n"
|
|
" \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
|
|
" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" trace!(\n"
|
|
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
" rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" while !rtc.matched() {\n"
|
|
" spin_loop();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" trace!(\n"
|
|
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
" rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Wait another 3 seconds for an interrupt.\n"
|
|
" let target = timestamp + 6;\n"
|
|
" info!(\n"
|
|
" \"Waiting for {}\",\n"
|
|
" Utc.timestamp_opt(target.into(), 0).unwrap()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" rtc.set_match(target);\n"
|
|
" rtc.clear_interrupt();\n"
|
|
" rtc.enable_interrupt(true);\n"
|
|
" trace!(\n"
|
|
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
" rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" while !rtc.interrupt_pending() {\n"
|
|
" wfi();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" trace!(\n"
|
|
" \"matched={}, interrupt_pending={}\",\n"
|
|
" rtc.matched(),\n"
|
|
" rtc.interrupt_pending()\n"
|
|
" );\n"
|
|
" info!(\"Finished waiting\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: main_end\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[panic_handler]\n"
|
|
"fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {\n"
|
|
" error!(\"{info}\");\n"
|
|
" system_off::<Hvc>().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" loop {}\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main_end\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:149
|
|
msgid "`pl031.rs`:"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/bare-metal/solutions-afternoon.md:151
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"use core::ptr::{addr_of, addr_of_mut};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[repr(C, align(4))]\n"
|
|
"struct Registers {\n"
|
|
" /// Data register\n"
|
|
" dr: u32,\n"
|
|
" /// Match register\n"
|
|
" mr: u32,\n"
|
|
" /// Load register\n"
|
|
" lr: u32,\n"
|
|
" /// Control register\n"
|
|
" cr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved0: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Interrupt Mask Set or Clear register\n"
|
|
" imsc: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved1: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Raw Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
" ris: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved2: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Masked Interrupt Status\n"
|
|
" mis: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved3: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
" /// Interrupt Clear Register\n"
|
|
" icr: u8,\n"
|
|
" _reserved4: [u8; 3],\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"/// Driver for a PL031 real-time clock.\n"
|
|
"#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
"pub struct Rtc {\n"
|
|
" registers: *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"impl Rtc {\n"
|
|
" /// Constructs a new instance of the RTC driver for a PL031 device at the\n"
|
|
" /// given base address.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// # Safety\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// The given base address must point to the MMIO control registers of a\n"
|
|
" /// PL031 device, which must be mapped into the address space of the process\n"
|
|
" /// as device memory and not have any other aliases.\n"
|
|
" pub unsafe fn new(base_address: *mut u32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
" Self {\n"
|
|
" registers: base_address as *mut Registers,\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Reads the current RTC value.\n"
|
|
" pub fn read(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).dr).read_volatile() }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Writes a match value. When the RTC value matches this then an interrupt\n"
|
|
" /// will be generated (if it is enabled).\n"
|
|
" pub fn set_match(&mut self, value: u32) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).mr).write_volatile(value) }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Returns whether the match register matches the RTC value, whether or not\n"
|
|
" /// the interrupt is enabled.\n"
|
|
" pub fn matched(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).ris).read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Returns whether there is currently an interrupt pending.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// This should be true iff `matched` returns true and the interrupt is\n"
|
|
" /// masked.\n"
|
|
" pub fn interrupt_pending(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" let ris = unsafe { addr_of!((*self.registers).mis).read_volatile() };\n"
|
|
" (ris & 0x01) != 0\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Sets or clears the interrupt mask.\n"
|
|
" ///\n"
|
|
" /// When the mask is true the interrupt is enabled; when it is false the\n"
|
|
" /// interrupt is disabled.\n"
|
|
" pub fn enable_interrupt(&mut self, mask: bool) {\n"
|
|
" let imsc = if mask { 0x01 } else { 0x00 };\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).imsc).write_volatile(imsc) }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" /// Clears a pending interrupt, if any.\n"
|
|
" pub fn clear_interrupt(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
" // Safe because we know that self.registers points to the control\n"
|
|
" // registers of a PL031 device which is appropriately mapped.\n"
|
|
" unsafe { addr_of_mut!((*self.registers).icr).write_volatile(0x01) }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// Safe because it just contains a pointer to device memory, which can be\n"
|
|
"// accessed from any context.\n"
|
|
"unsafe impl Send for Rtc {}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Concurrency Morning Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 3 Exercício matinal"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:3
|
|
msgid "## Dining Philosophers"
|
|
msgstr "## Filósofos jantando"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:5
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-morning.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
"use std::thread;\n"
|
|
"use std::time::Duration;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Fork;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
|
|
" left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
" right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
" thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
"impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
" self.thoughts\n"
|
|
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
" fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
" let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n"
|
|
" .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n"
|
|
" .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" for i in 0..forks.len() {\n"
|
|
" let tx = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" let mut left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n"
|
|
" let mut right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()].clone();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
" // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
" // either of them.\n"
|
|
" if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n"
|
|
" std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let philosopher = Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n"
|
|
" thoughts: tx,\n"
|
|
" left_fork,\n"
|
|
" right_fork,\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
" for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
" philosopher.eat();\n"
|
|
" philosopher.think();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" drop(tx);\n"
|
|
" for thought in rx {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{thought}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:1
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "# Concurrency Afternoon Exercise"
|
|
msgstr "# Dia 1 Exercícios da Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:3
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "## Dining Philosophers - Async"
|
|
msgstr "## Filósofos jantando"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:5
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](dining-philosophers-async.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](dining-philosophers.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:7
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
|
|
"use std::sync::Arc;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::time;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Sender};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::Mutex;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Fork;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: String,\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
|
|
" left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
" right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
" thoughts: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
"impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" async fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
" self.thoughts\n"
|
|
" .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name)).await\n"
|
|
" .unwrap();\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
" async fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
" // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
" let _first_lock = self.left_fork.lock().await;\n"
|
|
" // Add a delay before picking the second fork to allow the execution\n"
|
|
" // to transfer to another task\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(1)).await;\n"
|
|
" let _second_lock = self.right_fork.lock().await;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-body\n"
|
|
" println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
" time::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(5)).await;\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-body\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // The locks are dropped here\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
" &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
" // Create forks\n"
|
|
" let mut forks = vec![];\n"
|
|
" (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len()).for_each(|_| forks.push(Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork))));\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Create philosophers\n"
|
|
" let (philosophers, mut rx) = {\n"
|
|
" let mut philosophers = vec![];\n"
|
|
" let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10);\n"
|
|
" for (i, name) in PHILOSOPHERS.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
" let left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n"
|
|
" let right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % PHILOSOPHERS.len()].clone();\n"
|
|
" philosophers.push(Philosopher {\n"
|
|
" name: name.to_string(),\n"
|
|
" left_fork: if i % 2 == 0 { left_fork.clone() } else { right_fork.clone() },\n"
|
|
" right_fork: if i % 2 == 0 { right_fork } else { left_fork },\n"
|
|
" thoughts: tx.clone(),\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" (philosophers, rx)\n"
|
|
" // tx is dropped here, so we don't need to explicitly drop it later\n"
|
|
" };\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Make them think and eat\n"
|
|
" for phil in philosophers {\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
" phil.think().await;\n"
|
|
" phil.eat().await;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
" while let Some(thought) = rx.recv().await {\n"
|
|
" println!(\"Here is a thought: {thought}\");\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:113
|
|
msgid "## Broadcast Chat Application"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:115
|
|
#, fuzzy
|
|
msgid "([back to exercise](chat-app.md))"
|
|
msgstr "([voltar ao exercício](luhn.md))"
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:119
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"use futures_util::sink::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
"use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
"use std::net::SocketAddr;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};\n"
|
|
"use tokio::sync::broadcast::{channel, Sender};\n"
|
|
"use tokio_websockets::{Message, ServerBuilder, WebsocketStream};\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: handle_connection\n"
|
|
"async fn handle_connection(\n"
|
|
" addr: SocketAddr,\n"
|
|
" mut ws_stream: WebsocketStream<TcpStream>,\n"
|
|
" bcast_tx: Sender<String>,\n"
|
|
") -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: handle_connection\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" ws_stream\n"
|
|
" .send(Message::text(\"Welcome to chat! Type a message\".into()))\n"
|
|
" .await?;\n"
|
|
" let mut bcast_rx = bcast_tx.subscribe();\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // A continuous loop for concurrently performing two tasks: (1) receiving\n"
|
|
" // messages from `ws_stream` and broadcasting them, and (2) receiving\n"
|
|
" // messages on `bcast_rx` and sending them to the client.\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
|
|
" match incoming {\n"
|
|
" Some(Ok(msg)) => {\n"
|
|
" let msg = msg.as_text()?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"From client {addr:?} {msg:?}\");\n"
|
|
" bcast_tx.send(msg.into())?;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
" None => return Ok(()),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" msg = bcast_rx.recv() => {\n"
|
|
" ws_stream.send(Message::text(msg?)).await?;\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {\n"
|
|
" let (bcast_tx, _) = channel(16);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let listener = TcpListener::bind(\"127.0.0.1:2000\").await?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"listening on port 2000\");\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" let (socket, addr) = listener.accept().await?;\n"
|
|
" println!(\"New connection from {addr:?}\");\n"
|
|
" let bcast_tx = bcast_tx.clone();\n"
|
|
" tokio::spawn(async move {\n"
|
|
" // Wrap the raw TCP stream into a websocket.\n"
|
|
" let ws_stream = ServerBuilder::new().accept(socket).await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" handle_connection(addr, ws_stream, bcast_tx).await\n"
|
|
" });\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#: src/exercises/concurrency/solutions-afternoon.md:204
|
|
msgid ""
|
|
"```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
"// Copyright 2023 Google LLC\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n"
|
|
"// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n"
|
|
"// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n"
|
|
"//\n"
|
|
"// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n"
|
|
"// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
|
|
"// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n"
|
|
"// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n"
|
|
"// limitations under the License.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
"use futures_util::SinkExt;\n"
|
|
"use http::Uri;\n"
|
|
"use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, BufReader};\n"
|
|
"use tokio_websockets::{ClientBuilder, Message};\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"#[tokio::main]\n"
|
|
"async fn main() -> Result<(), tokio_websockets::Error> {\n"
|
|
" let mut ws_stream = ClientBuilder::from_uri(Uri::from_static(\"ws://127.0.0.1:2000\"))\n"
|
|
" .connect()\n"
|
|
" .await?;\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" let stdin = tokio::io::stdin();\n"
|
|
" let mut stdin = BufReader::new(stdin);\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" // ANCHOR_END: setup\n"
|
|
" // Continuous loop for concurrently sending and receiving messages.\n"
|
|
" loop {\n"
|
|
" let mut line = String::new();\n"
|
|
" tokio::select! {\n"
|
|
" incoming = ws_stream.next() => {\n"
|
|
" match incoming {\n"
|
|
" Some(Ok(msg)) => println!(\"From server: {}\", msg.as_text()?),\n"
|
|
" Some(Err(err)) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
" None => return Ok(()),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" res = stdin.read_line(&mut line) => {\n"
|
|
" match res {\n"
|
|
" Ok(0) => return Ok(()),\n"
|
|
" Ok(_) => ws_stream.send(Message::text(line.trim_end().to_string())).await?,\n"
|
|
" Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
" }\n"
|
|
"}\n"
|
|
"```"
|
|
msgstr ""
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Closures"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Closures"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 4: Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Dia 4: Manhã"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 4: Afternoon"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Dia 4: Tarde"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Day 4 Morning"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Dia 4 Manhã"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "On Day 4, we will cover Android-specific things such as:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "No Dia 4, abordaremos assuntos específicos do Android, como:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Building Android components in Rust.\n"
|
|
#~ "* AIDL servers and clients.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Construindo componentes Android em Rust.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Servidores e clientes AIDL.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "It is important to note that this course does not cover Android **application** \n"
|
|
#~ "development in Rust, and that the Android-specific parts are specifically about\n"
|
|
#~ "writing code for Android itself, the operating system. "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "É importante observar que este curso não cobre o desenvolvimento de **aplicativos** para Android\n"
|
|
#~ "em Rust, e que as partes específicas do Android são relacionadas a\n"
|
|
#~ "escrever código para o sistema operacional Android."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Learn how to use async Rust --- we'll only mention async Rust when\n"
|
|
#~ " covering traditional concurrency primitives. Please see [Asynchronous\n"
|
|
#~ " Programming in Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) instead for\n"
|
|
#~ " details on this topic.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Learn how to develop macros, please see [Chapter 19.5 in the Rust\n"
|
|
#~ " Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) and [Rust by\n"
|
|
#~ " Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) instead."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Uso de async Rust --- só mencionaremos o async Rust quando\n"
|
|
#~ " cobrirmos primitivas de concorrência tradicionais. Consulte [Assíncrono\n"
|
|
#~ " Programação em Rust](https://rust-lang.github.io/async-book/) para mais\n"
|
|
#~ " detalhes sobre este tema.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Desenvolvimento de macros, consulte [Capítulo 19.5 no Rust\n"
|
|
#~ " Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html) e [Rust by\n"
|
|
#~ " Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/macros.html) em vez disso."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "1. Make yourself familiar with the course material. We've included speaker notes\n"
|
|
#~ " on some of the pages to help highlight the key points (please help us by\n"
|
|
#~ " contributing more speaker notes!). You should make sure to open the speaker\n"
|
|
#~ " notes in a popup (click the link with a little arrow next to \"Speaker\n"
|
|
#~ " Notes\"). This way you have a clean screen to present to the class."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "1. Familiarize-se com o material do curso. Incluímos notas do instrutor\n"
|
|
#~ " em algumas das páginas para ajudar a destacar os pontos chave (por favor, ajude-nos\n"
|
|
#~ " contribuindo com mais notas do instrutor!). Você deve certificar-se de abrir as notas\n"
|
|
#~ " do instrutor em um pop-up (clique no link com uma pequena seta ao lado de \"Speaker\n"
|
|
#~ " Notes\"). Dessa forma, você tem uma tela limpa para apresentar à turma."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "2. Decide on the dates. Since the course is large, we recommend that you\n"
|
|
#~ " schedule the four days over two weeks. Course participants have said that\n"
|
|
#~ " they find it helpful to have a gap in the course since it helps them process\n"
|
|
#~ " all the information we give them."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "2. Decida as datas. Como o curso é grande, recomendamos que você\n"
|
|
#~ " agende os quatro dias em duas semanas. Os participantes do curso disseram que\n"
|
|
#~ " eles acham útil ter uma pausa no curso, pois os ajuda a processar\n"
|
|
#~ " todas as informações que lhes damos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "3. Find a room large enough for your in-person participants. We recommend a\n"
|
|
#~ " class size of 15-20 people. That's small enough that people are comfortable\n"
|
|
#~ " asking questions --- it's also small enough that one instructor will have\n"
|
|
#~ " time to answer the questions."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "3. Encontre uma sala suficientemente grande para seus participantes presenciais. Recomendamos\n"
|
|
#~ " turmas de 15 a 20 pessoas. Isso é suficientemente pequeno para que as pessoas se sintam confortáveis\n"
|
|
#~ " em fazer perguntas --- e para que um instrutor tenha\n"
|
|
#~ " tempo para responder às perguntas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "4. On the day of your course, show up to the room a little early to set things\n"
|
|
#~ " up. We recommend presenting directly using `mdbook serve` running on your\n"
|
|
#~ " laptop (see the [installation instructions][5]). This ensures optimal performance with no lag as you change pages.\n"
|
|
#~ " Using your laptop will also allow you to fix typos as you or the course\n"
|
|
#~ " participants spot them."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "4. No dia do seu curso, chegue um pouco mais cedo na sala para acertar as coisas.\n"
|
|
#~ " Recomendamos apresentar diretamente usando `mdbook serve` rodando em seu\n"
|
|
#~ " laptop. Isso garante um desempenho ideal sem atrasos quando você muda de página.\n"
|
|
#~ " Usar seu laptop também permitirá que você corrija erros de digitação enquanto você ou\n"
|
|
#~ " os participantes os identificam."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "5. Let people solve the exercises by themselves or in small groups. Make sure to\n"
|
|
#~ " ask people if they're stuck or if there is anything you can help with. When\n"
|
|
#~ " you see that several people have the same problem, call it out to the class\n"
|
|
#~ " and offer a solution, e.g., by showing people where to find the relevant\n"
|
|
#~ " information in the standard library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "5. Deixe as pessoas resolverem os exercícios sozinhas ou em pequenos grupos. Tenha certeza de\n"
|
|
#~ " perguntar às pessoas se elas estão com dificuldades ou se há algo em que você possa ajudar. Quando\n"
|
|
#~ " você vê que várias pessoas têm o mesmo problema, chame a turma\n"
|
|
#~ " e ofereça uma solução, por exemplo, mostrando às pessoas onde encontrar as informações relevantes\n"
|
|
#~ " na biblioteca padrão."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "> **Exercise for Day 4:** Do you interface with some C/C++ code in your project\n"
|
|
#~ "> which we could attempt to move to Rust? The fewer dependencies the better.\n"
|
|
#~ "> Parsing code would be ideal."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "> **Exercício para o dia 4:** Você faz interface com algum código C/C++ em seu projeto\n"
|
|
#~ "> que poderíamos tentar mover para Rust? Quanto menos dependências, melhor.\n"
|
|
#~ "> Analisar o código seria o ideal."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n"
|
|
#~ "[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n"
|
|
#~ "[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/\n"
|
|
#~ "[6]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://code.visualstudio.com/\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://rustup.rs/\n"
|
|
#~ "[4]: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/\n"
|
|
#~ "[5]: https://www.jetbrains.com/rust/"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `rustc`: the Rust compiler which turns `.rs` files into binaries and other\n"
|
|
#~ " intermediate formats."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* `rustc`: o compilador Rust que transforma arquivos `.rs` em binários e outros\n"
|
|
#~ " formatos intermediários[^rustc]."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `cargo`: the Rust dependency manager and build tool. Cargo knows how to\n"
|
|
#~ " download dependencies hosted on <https://crates.io> and it will pass them to\n"
|
|
#~ " `rustc` when building your project. Cargo also comes with a built-in test\n"
|
|
#~ " runner which is used to execute unit tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* `cargo`: o gerenciador de dependências Rust e a ferramenta de compilação. O Cargo sabe como\n"
|
|
#~ " baixar as dependências hospedadas em <https://crates.io> e as passará para\n"
|
|
#~ " o `rustc` ao compilar o seu projeto. O Cargo também vem com um executor de testes\n"
|
|
#~ " embutido que é usado para executar testes unitários."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust has a rapid release schedule with a new release coming out\n"
|
|
#~ " every six weeks. New releases maintain backwards compatibility with\n"
|
|
#~ " old releases --- plus they enable new functionality."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust tem um rápido cronograma de lançamento com um novo lançamento saindo\n"
|
|
#~ " a cada seis semanas. Novos lançamentos mantêm compatibilidade com versões anteriores\n"
|
|
#~ " --- além disso, eles permitem novas funcionalidades."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* There are three release channels: \"stable\", \"beta\", and \"nightly\"."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Existem três canais de lançamento: \"stable\", \"beta\" e \"nightly\"."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* New features are being tested on \"nightly\", \"beta\" is what becomes\n"
|
|
#~ " \"stable\" every six weeks."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Novos recursos estão sendo testados em \"nightly\", \"beta\" é o que se torna\n"
|
|
#~ " \"estável\" a cada seis semanas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust also has [editions]: the current edition is Rust 2021. Previous\n"
|
|
#~ " editions were Rust 2015 and Rust 2018."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust também tem [edições]: a edição atual é Rust 2021. Edições\n"
|
|
#~ " anteriores foram Rust 2015 e Rust 2018."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * The editions are allowed to make backwards incompatible changes to\n"
|
|
#~ " the language."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * As edições podem fazer alterações incompatíveis com versões anteriores\n"
|
|
#~ " da linguagem."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * To prevent breaking code, editions are opt-in: you select the\n"
|
|
#~ " edition for your crate via the `Cargo.toml` file."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * Para evitar rupturas, as edições são opcionais: você seleciona a\n"
|
|
#~ " edição para o seu crate através do arquivo `Cargo.toml`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * To avoid splitting the ecosystem, Rust compilers can mix code\n"
|
|
#~ " written for different editions."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * Para evitar a divisão do ecossistema, os compiladores Rust podem misturar código\n"
|
|
#~ " escrito para diferentes edições."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid " * Mention that it is quite rare to ever use the compiler directly not through `cargo` (most users never do)."
|
|
#~ msgstr " * Mencione que é muito raro usar o compilador diretamente, não através do `cargo` (a maioria dos usuários nunca o faz)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * It might be worth alluding that Cargo itself is an extremely powerful and comprehensive tool. It is capable of many advanced features including but not limited to: \n"
|
|
#~ " * Project/package structure\n"
|
|
#~ " * [workspaces]\n"
|
|
#~ " * Dev Dependencies and Runtime Dependency management/caching\n"
|
|
#~ " * [build scripting]\n"
|
|
#~ " * [global installation]\n"
|
|
#~ " * It is also extensible with sub command plugins as well (such as [cargo clippy]).\n"
|
|
#~ " * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * Pode valer a pena mencionar que o Cargo é uma ferramenta extremamente poderosa e abrangente. Ele é capaz de muitos recursos avançados, incluindo, entre outros:\n"
|
|
#~ " * Estrutura do projeto/pacote\n"
|
|
#~ " * [workspaces]\n"
|
|
#~ " * Gerenciamento de dependências de desenvolvimento e dependências de tempo de execução/cache\n"
|
|
#~ " * [scripts de compilação]\n"
|
|
#~ " * [instalação global]\n"
|
|
#~ " * Também é extensível com plugins de subcomando (como [cargo clippy]).\n"
|
|
#~ " * Leia mais no [livro oficial do Cargo]"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[editions]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[edições]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[workspaces]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[workspaces]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/workspaces.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[build scripting]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[scripts de compilação]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[global installation]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[instalação global]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-install.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[cargo clippy]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[official Cargo Book]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[livro oficial do Cargo]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* The embedded playgrounds cannot execute unit tests. Copy-paste the\n"
|
|
#~ " code and open it in the real Playground to demonstrate unit tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Os playgrounds incorporados não podem executar testes unitários. Copie e cole o\n"
|
|
#~ " código e abra-o no Playground real para demonstrar os testes unitários."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "1. Click the \"Copy to clipboard\" button on the example you want to copy."
|
|
#~ msgstr "1. Clique no botão \"Copiar para a área de transferência\" no exemplo que deseja copiar."
|
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|
|
#~ msgid "2. Use `cargo new exercise` to create a new `exercise/` directory for your code:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "2. Use `cargo new exercise` para criar um novo diretório `exercise/` para o seu código:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "3. Navigate into `exercise/` and use `cargo run` to build and run your binary:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "3. Navegue até `exercise/` e use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu binário:"
|
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|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "4. Replace the boiler-plate code in `src/main.rs` with your own code. For\n"
|
|
#~ " example, using the example on the previous page, make `src/main.rs` look like"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "4. Substitua o código de exemplo em `src/main.rs` pelo seu próprio código. Por\n"
|
|
#~ " exemplo, usando o código da página anterior, faça `src/main.rs` parecer"
|
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|
|
#~ msgid "5. Use `cargo run` to build and run your updated binary:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "5. Use `cargo run` para compilar e executar seu binário atualizado:"
|
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|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "6. Use `cargo check` to quickly check your project for errors, use `cargo build`\n"
|
|
#~ " to compile it without running it. You will find the output in `target/debug/`\n"
|
|
#~ " for a normal debug build. Use `cargo build --release` to produce an optimized\n"
|
|
#~ " release build in `target/release/`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "6. Use `cargo check` para verificar rapidamente se há erros em seu projeto, use `cargo build`\n"
|
|
#~ " para compilá-lo sem executá-lo. Você encontrará a saída em `target/debug/`\n"
|
|
#~ " para uma compilação de depuração. Use `cargo build --release` para produzir um binário\n"
|
|
#~ " otimizado em `target/release/`."
|
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|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "7. You can add dependencies for your project by editing `Cargo.toml`. When you\n"
|
|
#~ " run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing\n"
|
|
#~ " dependencies for you."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "7. Você pode adicionar dependências ao seu projeto editando `Cargo.toml`. Quando você\n"
|
|
#~ " executar os comandos `cargo`, ele irá baixar e compilar automaticamente\n"
|
|
#~ " as dependências para você."
|
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|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-01-installation.html"
|
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|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Basic Rust syntax: variables, scalar and compound types, enums, structs,\n"
|
|
#~ " references, functions, and methods."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Sintaxe básica do Rust: variáveis, tipos escalares e compostos, enums, structs,\n"
|
|
#~ " referências, funções e métodos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Memory management: stack vs heap, manual memory management, scope-based memory\n"
|
|
#~ " management, and garbage collection."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Gerenciamento de memória: stack versus heap, gerenciamento manual de memória, gerenciamento de memória\n"
|
|
#~ " baseada em escopo e garbage collection (coleta de lixo)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Ownership: move semantics, copying and cloning, borrowing, and lifetimes."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Ownership: semântica de movimento, cópia e clonagem, empréstimo e tempos de vida."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust is very much like other languages in the C/C++/Java tradition. It is\n"
|
|
#~ " imperative (not functional) and it doesn't try to reinvent things unless\n"
|
|
#~ " absolutely necessary."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust é muito parecido com outras linguagens na tradição do C/C++/Java. É\n"
|
|
#~ " imperativo (não funcional) e não tenta reinventar as coisas a menos que\n"
|
|
#~ " absolutamente necessário."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Rust is modern with full support for things like Unicode."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Rust é moderno com amplo suporte para coisas como Unicode."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust uses macros for situations where you want to have a variable number of\n"
|
|
#~ " arguments (no function [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md))."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust usa macros para situações em que você deseja ter um número variável de\n"
|
|
#~ " argumentos (sem [overloading](basic-syntax/functions-interlude.md) de funções)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Explain that all variables are statically typed. Try removing `i32` to trigger\n"
|
|
#~ " type inference. Try with `i8` instead and trigger a runtime integer overflow."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Explique que todas as variáveis são estaticamente tipadas. Tente remover `i32` para acionar a\n"
|
|
#~ " inferência de tipo. Em vez disso, tente com `i8` e dispare um estouro de número inteiro em tempo de execução."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Change `let mut x` to `let x`, discuss the compiler error."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Altere `let mut x` para `let x`, discuta o erro do compilador."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Show how `print!` gives a compilation error if the arguments don't match the\n"
|
|
#~ " format string."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Mostre como `print!` gera um erro de compilação se os argumentos não combinam com a\n"
|
|
#~ " sequência de formato."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Show how you need to use `{}` as a placeholder if you want to print an\n"
|
|
#~ " expression which is more complex than just a single variable."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Mostre como você precisa usar `{}` como espaço reservado se quiser imprimir uma\n"
|
|
#~ " expressão que é mais complexa do que apenas uma única variável."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Show the students the standard library, show them how to search for `std::fmt`\n"
|
|
#~ " which has the rules of the formatting mini-language. It's important that the\n"
|
|
#~ " students become familiar with searching in the standard library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Mostre aos alunos a biblioteca padrão, mostre como pesquisar `std::fmt`, \n"
|
|
#~ " que possui as regras da mini-linguagem de formatação. É importante que\n"
|
|
#~ " os alunos se familiarizem com pesquisas na biblioteca padrão."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Experience with C or C++: Rust eliminates a whole class of _runtime errors_\n"
|
|
#~ " via the borrow checker. You get performance like in C and C++, but you don't\n"
|
|
#~ " have the memory unsafety issues. In addition, you get a modern language with\n"
|
|
#~ " constructs like pattern matching and built-in dependency management."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Experiência com C ou C++: Rust elimina toda uma classe de _erros de tempo de execução_\n"
|
|
#~ " através do verificador de empréstimo. Você obtém desempenho como em C e C++, mas não\n"
|
|
#~ " tem problemas de insegurança de memória. Além disso, você obtém uma linguagem moderna com\n"
|
|
#~ " construções como correspondência de padrões e gerenciamento de dependências integrado."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.leak\n"
|
|
#~ "[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[reference cycle]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`Box::leak`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.leak\n"
|
|
#~ "[`std::mem::forget`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.forget.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[referência cíclica]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Bounds checking cannot be disabled with a compiler flag. It can also\n"
|
|
#~ " not be disabled directly with the `unsafe` keyword. However,\n"
|
|
#~ " `unsafe` allows you to call functions such as `slice::get_unchecked`\n"
|
|
#~ " which does not do bounds checking."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* A verificação de limites não pode ser desativada com um sinalizador de compilador. Também não\n"
|
|
#~ " pode ser desativado diretamente com a palavra-chave `unsafe`. No entanto,\n"
|
|
#~ " `unsafe` permite que você chame funções como `slice::get_unchecked`\n"
|
|
#~ " que não faz verificação de limites."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Zero-cost abstractions, similar to C++, means that you don't have to 'pay'\n"
|
|
#~ " for higher-level programming constructs with memory or CPU. For example,\n"
|
|
#~ " writing a loop using `for` should result in roughly the same low level\n"
|
|
#~ " instructions as using the `.iter().fold()` construct."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Abstrações de custo zero, semelhantes ao C++, significa que você não precisa 'pagar'\n"
|
|
#~ " com memória ou CPU por construções de programação de alto nível. Por exemplo,\n"
|
|
#~ " escrever um loop usando `for` deve resultar aproximadamente nas mesmas instruções\n"
|
|
#~ " de baixo nível como ao usar a construção `.iter().fold()`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* It may be worth mentioning that Rust enums are 'Algebraic Data Types', also\n"
|
|
#~ " known as 'sum types', which allow the type system to express things like\n"
|
|
#~ " `Option<T>` and `Result<T, E>`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Pode valer a pena mencionar que enums em Rust também são 'tipos de dados algébricos', também\n"
|
|
#~ " conhecidos como 'tipos de soma', os quais permitem que o sistema de tipos expresse coisas como\n"
|
|
#~ " `Option<T>` e `Result<T, E>`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Remind people to read the errors --- many developers have gotten used to\n"
|
|
#~ " ignore lengthy compiler output. The Rust compiler is significantly more\n"
|
|
#~ " talkative than other compilers. It will often provide you with _actionable_\n"
|
|
#~ " feedback, ready to copy-paste into your code."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Lembre as pessoas de lerem os erros --- muitos desenvolvedores se acostumaram\n"
|
|
#~ " a ignorar as longas saída do compilador. O compilador Rust é significativamente mais\n"
|
|
#~ " verboso do que outros compiladores. Muitas vezes, ele fornecerá a você feedback\n"
|
|
#~ " _utilizável_, pronto para copiar e colar em seu código."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* The Rust standard library is small compared to languages like Java, Python,\n"
|
|
#~ " and Go. Rust does not come with several things you might consider standard and\n"
|
|
#~ " essential:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* A biblioteca padrão do Rust é pequena comparada a linguagens como Java, Python,\n"
|
|
#~ " e Go. Rust não vem com várias coisas que você pode considerar padrão e\n"
|
|
#~ " essencial:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " * a random number generator, but see [rand].\n"
|
|
#~ " * support for SSL or TLS, but see [rusttls].\n"
|
|
#~ " * support for JSON, but see [serde_json]."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " * um gerador de números aleatórios, mas veja [rand].\n"
|
|
#~ " * suporte para SSL ou TLS, mas consulte [rusttls].\n"
|
|
#~ " * suporte para JSON, mas consulte [serde_json]."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " The reasoning behind this is that functionality in the standard library cannot\n"
|
|
#~ " go away, so it has to be very stable. For the examples above, the Rust\n"
|
|
#~ " community is still working on finding the best solution --- and perhaps there\n"
|
|
#~ " isn't a single \"best solution\" for some of these things."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " O raciocínio por trás disso é que as funcionalidades na biblioteca padrão não podem\n"
|
|
#~ " ser descartadas, portanto têm que ser muito estáveis. Para os exemplos acima, a comunidade\n"
|
|
#~ " Rust ainda está trabalhando para encontrar a melhor solução --- e talvez não\n"
|
|
#~ " haja uma única \"melhor solução\" para algumas dessas coisas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " Rust comes with a built-in package manager in the form of Cargo and this makes\n"
|
|
#~ " it trivial to download and compile third-party crates. A consequence of this\n"
|
|
#~ " is that the standard library can be smaller."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " O Rust vem com um gerenciador de pacotes embutido na forma de Cargo e isso torna\n"
|
|
#~ " trivial baixar e compilar crates de terceiros. Uma consequência disso\n"
|
|
#~ " é que a biblioteca padrão pode ser menor."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " Discovering good third-party crates can be a problem. Sites like\n"
|
|
#~ " <https://lib.rs/> help with this by letting you compare health metrics for\n"
|
|
#~ " crates to find a good and trusted one.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* [rust-analyzer] is a well supported LSP implementation used in major\n"
|
|
#~ " IDEs and text editors."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " Descobrir bons crates de terceiros pode ser um problema. Sites como\n"
|
|
#~ " <https://lib.rs/> ajudam com isso, permitindo que você compare métricas para\n"
|
|
#~ " para encontrar um crate bom e confiável.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* [rust-analyzer] é uma implementação LSP bem suportada usada em grandes\n"
|
|
#~ " IDEs e editores de texto."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n"
|
|
#~ "[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n"
|
|
#~ "[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n"
|
|
#~ "[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[rand]: https://docs.rs/rand/\n"
|
|
#~ "[rusttls]: https://docs.rs/rustls/\n"
|
|
#~ "[serde_json]: https://docs.rs/serde_json/\n"
|
|
#~ "[rust-analyzer]: https://rust-analyzer.github.io/"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Arrays have elements of the same type, `T`, and length, `N`, which is a compile-time constant.\n"
|
|
#~ " Note that the length of the array is *part of its type*, which means that `[u8; 3]` and\n"
|
|
#~ " `[u8; 4]` are considered two different types."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Vetores possuem elementos do mesmo tipo, `T`, e comprimento, `N`, que é uma constante de tempo de compilação.\n"
|
|
#~ " Observe que o comprimento do vetor é *parte de seu tipo*, o que significa que `[u8; 3]` e\n"
|
|
#~ " `[u8; 4]` são considerados dois tipos diferentes."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* We can use literals to assign values to arrays."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Podemos usar literais para atribuir valores a vetores."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* In the main function, the print statement asks for the debug implementation with the `?` format\n"
|
|
#~ " parameter: `{}` gives the default output, `{:?}` gives the debug output. We\n"
|
|
#~ " could also have used `{a}` and `{a:?}` without specifying the value after the\n"
|
|
#~ " format string."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Na função `main`, a instrução print solicita a implementação de depuração com um `?` no\n"
|
|
#~ " formatador: `{}` fornece a saída padrão, `{:?}` fornece a saída de depuração. Nós\n"
|
|
#~ " também poderíamos ter usado `{a}` e `{a:?}` sem especificar o valor após a\n"
|
|
#~ " sequência de formatadores."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Adding `#`, eg `{a:#?}`, invokes a \"pretty printing\" format, which can be easier to read."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Adicionando `#`, por exemplo `{a:#?}`, chama um formatador de \"impressão bonita\", que pode ser mais fácil de ler."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Like arrays, tuples have a fixed length."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Assim como os vetores, as tuplas têm um comprimento fixo."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Tuples group together values of different types into a compound type."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* As tuplas agrupam valores de tipos diferentes em um tipo composto."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Fields of a tuple can be accessed by the period and the index of the value, e.g. `t.0`, `t.1`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Os campos de uma tupla podem ser acessados pelo 'ponto' e pelo índice do valor, por exemplo `t.0`, `t.1`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ "Key points:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ "Pontos chave:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* We create a slice by borrowing `a` and specifying the starting and ending indexes in brackets."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Criamos uma slice pegando emprestado `a` e especificando os índices inicial e final entre colchetes."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* If the slice starts at index 0, Rust's range syntax allows us to drop the starting index, meaning that `&a[0..a.len()]` and `&a[..a.len()]` are identical.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* The same is true for the last index, so `&a[2..a.len()]` and `&a[2..]` are identical."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Se a slice começa no índice 0, a sintaxe de intervalo do Rust nos permite descartar o índice inicial, o que significa que `&a[0..a.len()]` e `&a[..a.len()]` são idênticos .\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* O mesmo vale para o último índice, então `&a[2..a.len()]` e `&a[2..]` são idênticos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* To easily create a slice of the full array, we can therefore use `&a[..]`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Para criar facilmente uma slice do vetor completo, podemos usar `&a[..]`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s1: &str = \"World\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s1: {s1}\");"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s1: &str = \"Mundo\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s1: {s1}\");"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `&str` introduces a string slice, which is an immutable reference to UTF-8 encoded string data \n"
|
|
#~ " stored in a block of memory. String literals (`\"Hello\"`), are stored in the program's binary."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* `&str` introduz uma slice de string, que é uma referência imutável para dados de string codificados em UTF-8\n"
|
|
#~ " armazenados em um bloco de memória. String literais (`\"Hello\"`), são armazenados no binário do programa."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Rust's `String` type is a wrapper around a vector of bytes. As with a `Vec<T>`, it is owned.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* As with many other types `String::from()` creates a string from a string literal; `String::new()` \n"
|
|
#~ " creates a new empty string, to which string data can be added using the `push()` and `push_str()` methods."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* O tipo `String` do Rust é um wrapper em torno de um vetor de bytes. Tal como acontece com um `Vec<T>`, ele é um valor.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* Assim como muitos outros tipos, `String::from()` cria uma string a partir de uma string literal; `String::new()`\n"
|
|
#~ " cria uma nova string vazia, na qual os dados da string podem ser adicionados usando os métodos `push()` e `push_str()`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " fizzbuzz_to(20); // Defined below, no forward declaration needed\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " fizzbuzz_to(20); // Definido abaixo, nenhuma declaração prévia é necessária\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // No return value means returning the unit type `()`\n"
|
|
#~ " match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n"
|
|
#~ " (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn fizzbuzz(n: u32) -> () { // // Nenhum valor de retorno significa retornar o tipo unitário `()`\n"
|
|
#~ " match (is_divisible_by(n, 3), is_divisible_by(n, 5)) {\n"
|
|
#~ " (true, true) => println!(\"fizzbuzz\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " (true, false) => println!(\"fizz\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " (false, true) => println!(\"buzz\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " (false, false) => println!(\"{n}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` is normally omitted\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..=n {\n"
|
|
#~ " fizzbuzz(i);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn fizzbuzz_to(n: u32) { // `-> ()` normalmente é omitido\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..=n {\n"
|
|
#~ " fizzbuzz(i);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid " (Type annotations added for clarity, but they can be elided.)"
|
|
#~ msgstr " (As anotações de tipo foram adicionadas para maior clareza, mas podem ser omitidas.)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " width: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " height: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Retangulo {\n"
|
|
#~ " largura: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " altura: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Rectangle {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.width * self.height\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Retangulo {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn area(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.largura * self.altura\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn inc_width(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.width += delta;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn aumenta_largura(&mut self, delta: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.largura += delta;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pick_one<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
|
|
#~ " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn escolha_um<T>(a: T, b: T) -> T {\n"
|
|
#~ " if std::process::id() % 2 == 0 { a } else { b }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "</defails>"
|
|
#~ msgstr "</defails>"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Arrays and `for` loops."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Vetores e laços `for`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Alternatively, use the Rust Playground."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Como alternativa, use o Rust Playground."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[solutions]: solutions-morning.md"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[soluções]: solutions-morning.md"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[Using Cargo]: ../../cargo.md"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[Utilização do Cargo]: ../../cargo.md"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "1. Execute the above program and look at the compiler error."
|
|
#~ msgstr "1. Execute o programa acima e observe o erro do compilador."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "2. Update the code above to use `into()` to do the conversion."
|
|
#~ msgstr "2. Atualize o código acima para usar `into()` para fazer a conversão."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/implicit_conversion"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " print!(\"Iterating over range:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" {}\", array[i]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " print!(\"Interagindo sobre uma faixa:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " print!(\" {}\", vetor[i]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn transposta(matriz: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn impressao_formatada(matriz: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matrix = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matriz = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- o comentário faz com que o rustfmt adicione uma nova linha\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"matrix:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&matrix);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"matriz:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " impressao_formatada(&matriz);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let transposta = transposta(matriz);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Transposta:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " impressao_formatada(&transposta);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn takes_u32(x: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn recebe_u32(x: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"u32: {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn takes_i8(y: i8) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn recebe_u8(y: i8) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"i8: {y}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " takes_u32(x);\n"
|
|
#~ " takes_i8(y);\n"
|
|
#~ " // takes_u32(y);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " recebe_u32(x);\n"
|
|
#~ " recebe_u8(y);\n"
|
|
#~ " // recebe_u32(y);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/0246-const-vs-static.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = 10;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"before: {a}\");"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = 10;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Antes: {a}\");"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = \"hello\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"inner scope: {a}\");"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = \"Olá\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Escopo interno: {a}\");"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let a = true;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"shadowed in inner scope: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let a = true;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Sobreposição no escopo interno: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"after: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Depois: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Heap: Storage of values outside of function calls.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Values have dynamic sizes determined at runtime.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n"
|
|
#~ " * No guarantee of memory locality."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Heap: Armazenamento de valores fora das chamadas de função.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Os valores têm tamanhos dinâmicos determinados em tempo de execução.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Ligeiramente mais lento que o stack: é necessária alguma contabilidade.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Sem garantia de localização na memória."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Mention that a `String` is backed by a `Vec`, so it has a capacity and length and can grow if mutable via reallocation on the heap."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Mencione que um `String` é baseada em um `Vec`, então ele tem capacidade e comprimento e pode crescer se for mutável por meio de realocação no heap."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* If students ask about it, you can mention that the underlying memory is heap allocated using the [System Allocator] and custom allocators can be implemented using the [Allocator API]"
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Se os alunos perguntarem sobre isso, você pode mencionar que a memória do heap é alocada usando o [System Allocator] e alocadores personalizados podem ser implementados usando a [Allocator API]"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* We can inspect the memory layout with `unsafe` code. However, you should point out that this is rightfully unsafe!"
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Pode-se inspecionar o layout de memória com código `unsafe`. Entretanto, deve-se salientar que isto é inseguro!"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[System Allocator]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[System Allocator]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/struct.System.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Allocator API]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/alloc/index.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust equivalent."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Você pode ser questionado sobre destrutores aqui, o trait [Drop] é o equivalente em Rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[Box]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Arc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[Box]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Vec]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Rc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Arc]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Drop]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Ponto(i32, i32);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* In Rust, you clones are explicit (by using `clone`)."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* No Rust, clones são explícitos (usando `clone`)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn say_hello(name: String) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn diz_ola(nome: String) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Olá {nome}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Ponto(i32, i32);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Ponto(i32, i32);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Notes on stack returns:\n"
|
|
#~ "* Demonstrate that the return from `add` is cheap because the compiler can eliminate the copy operation. Change the above code to print stack addresses and run it on the [Playground]. In the \"DEBUG\" optimization level, the addresses should change, while the stay the same when changing to the \"RELEASE\" setting:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Notas sobre retornos de pilha:\n"
|
|
#~ "* Demonstre que o retorno de `somar` é barato porque o compilador pode eliminar a operação de cópia. Altere o código acima para imprimir endereços de pilha e execute-o no [Playground]. No nível de otimização \"DEBUG\", os endereços devem mudar, enquanto permanecem os mesmos ao mudar para a configuração \"RELEASE\":"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " ```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ " #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ " struct Point(i32, i32);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " ```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ " #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ " struct Ponto(i32, i32);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn add(p1: &Point, p2: &Point) -> Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Point(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n"
|
|
#~ " p\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn somar(p1: &Ponto, p2: &Ponto) -> Ponto {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Ponto(p1.0 + p2.0, p1.1 + p2.1);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"&p.0: {:p}\", &p.0);\n"
|
|
#~ " p\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[Playground]: https://play.rust-lang.org/"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut a: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
#~ " let b: &i32 = &a;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut a: i32 = 10;\n"
|
|
#~ " let b: &i32 = &a;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n"
|
|
#~ " *c = 20;\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let c: &mut i32 = &mut a;\n"
|
|
#~ " *c = 20;\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"a: {a}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"b: {b}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto{\n"
|
|
#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Move the declaration of `p2` and `p3` into a a new scope (`{ ... }`), resulting in the following code:\n"
|
|
#~ " ```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ " #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ " struct Point(i32, i32);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Mova a declaração de `p2` e `p3` para um novo escopo (`{ ... }`), resultando no seguinte código:\n"
|
|
#~ " ```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ " #[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ " struct Ponto(i32, i32);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn left_most<'a>(p1: &'a Point, p2: &'a Point) -> &'a Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn mais_a_esquerda<'a>(p1: &'a Ponto, p2: &'a Ponto) -> &'a Ponto {\n"
|
|
#~ " if p1.0 < p2.0 { p1 } else { p2 }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1: Point = Point(10, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p3: &Point;\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2: Point = Point(20, 20);\n"
|
|
#~ " p3 = left_most(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"left-most point: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " ```\n"
|
|
#~ " Note how this does not compile since `p3` outlives `p2`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1: Ponto = Ponto(10, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p3: &Ponto;\n"
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2: Ponto = Ponto(20, 20);\n"
|
|
#~ " p3 = mais_a_esquerda(&p1, &p2);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Ponto mais à esquerda: {:?}\", p3);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " ```\n"
|
|
#~ " Observe como isso não compila, pois `p3` sobrevive a `p2`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Highlight<'doc>(&'doc str);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Destaque<'doc>(&'doc str);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn erase(text: String) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bye {text}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn apagar(texto: String) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Tchau {texto}!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* A small book library,"
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Uma pequena biblioteca de livros,"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[solutions]: solutions-afternoon.md"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[soluções]: solutions-afternoon.md"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Biblioteca {\n"
|
|
#~ " livros: Vec<Livro>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " year: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Livro {\n"
|
|
#~ " titulo: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " ano: u16,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " // This is a constructor, used below.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str, year: u16) -> Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String::from(title),\n"
|
|
#~ " year,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Livro {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Este é um construtor, usado abaixo.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(titulo: &str, ano: u16) -> Livro {\n"
|
|
#~ " Livro {\n"
|
|
#~ " titulo: String::from(titulo),\n"
|
|
#~ " ano,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// Isso torna possível imprimir valores de livro com {}.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Livro {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.titulo, self.ano)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Biblioteca {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Biblioteca {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //fn tamanho(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //fn tem_livros(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //fn adiciona_livro(self, livro: Livro) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //fn imprime_acervo(self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //fn livro_mais_antigo(self) -> Option<&Livro> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
|
|
#~ "// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
|
|
#~ "// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
|
|
#~ "// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let library = Library::new();"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// Isso mostra o comportamento desejado. Descomente o código abaixo e\n"
|
|
#~ "// implemente os métodos ausentes. Você precisará atualizar as\n"
|
|
#~ "// assinaturas de método, incluindo o parâmetro \"self\"! Você poderá\n"
|
|
#~ "// também precisar atualizar as ligações de variáveis dentro de main.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " // None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // println!(\"Nossa biblioteca está vazia: {}\", biblioteca.tem_livros());\n"
|
|
#~ " // \n"
|
|
#~ " // biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " // biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " // \n"
|
|
#~ " // biblioteca.imprime_acervo();\n"
|
|
#~ " // \n"
|
|
#~ " // match biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Some(livro) => println!(\"Meu livro mais antigo é {livro}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " // None => println!(\"Minha biblioteca está vazia!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " // }\n"
|
|
#~ " // \n"
|
|
#~ " // println!(\"Nossa biblioteca tem {} livros\", biblioteca.tamanho());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<i8> = vec![10, 20, 30];\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut iter = v.iter();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let v0: Option<..> = iter.next();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v0: {v0:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter;\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Vec<String> = vec![String::from(\"foo\"), String::from(\"bar\")];"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " for word in &v {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " for palavra in &v {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Palavra: {palavra}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " for word in v {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"word: {word}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " for palavra in v {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Palavra: {palavra}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Structs, enums, methods."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Estruturas (`structs`), enumerações (`enums`) e métodos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Pattern matching: destructuring enums, structs, and arrays."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Correspondência de padrões: desestruturando enumerações, estruturas e vetores."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Control flow constructs: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break`, and\n"
|
|
#~ " `continue`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Construções de fluxo de controle: `if`, `if let`, `while`, `while let`, `break` e\n"
|
|
#~ " `continue`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* The Standard Library: `String`, `Option` and `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc`\n"
|
|
#~ " and `Arc`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* A Biblioteca Padrão: `String`, `Option` e `Result`, `Vec`, `HashMap`, `Rc`\n"
|
|
#~ " e 'Arc'."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Modules: visibility, paths, and filesystem hierarchy."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Módulos: visibilidade, caminhos e hierarquia do sistema de arquivos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Pessoa {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " idade: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ "Key Points: "
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ "Pontos chave:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point(i32, i32);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Ponto(i32, i32);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "struct PoundOfForce(f64);\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Newtons(f64);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "struct PoundOfForce(f64);\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Newtons(f64);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Ask a rocket scientist at NASA\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn compute_thruster_force() -> PoundOfForce {\n"
|
|
#~ " todo!(\"Pergunte a um cientista de foguetes da NASA\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn set_thruster_force(force: Newtons) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
|
|
#~ " set_thruster_force(force);\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let force = compute_thruster_force();\n"
|
|
#~ " set_thruster_force(force);\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Pessoa {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " idade: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " Person { name, age }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Pessoa {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Pessoa {\n"
|
|
#~ " Pessoa { nome, idade }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let peter = Person::new(String::from(\"Peter\"), 27);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{peter:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let pedro = Pessoa::new(String::from(\"Pedro\"), 27);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{pedro:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The `new` function could be written using `Self` as a type, as it is interchangeable with the struct type name"
|
|
#~ msgstr "A função `new` pode ser escrita usando `Self` como um tipo, já que é intercambiável com o name do tipo _struct_"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(name: String, age: u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self { name, age }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Pessoa {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(nome: String, idade: u8) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self { nome, idade }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn generate_random_number() -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " 4 // Chosen by fair dice roll. Guaranteed to be random.\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn gerador_numero_aleatorio() -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " 4 // Escolhido por jogada de dados justa. Garantido para ser aleatório.\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum CoinFlip {\n"
|
|
#~ " Heads,\n"
|
|
#~ " Tails,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum CaraCoroa {\n"
|
|
#~ " Cara,\n"
|
|
#~ " Coroa,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"You got: {:?}\", flip_coin());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Você tem: {:?}\", jogar_moeda());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Key Points:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Pontos chave:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "enum WebEvent {\n"
|
|
#~ " PageLoad, // Variant without payload\n"
|
|
#~ " KeyPress(char), // Tuple struct variant\n"
|
|
#~ " Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Full struct variant\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "enum WebEvent {\n"
|
|
#~ " PageLoad, // Variante sem payload\n"
|
|
#~ " KeyPress(char), // Variante da estrutura da tupla\n"
|
|
#~ " Click { x: i64, y: i64 }, // Variante de struct completa\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
|
|
#~ " match event {\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"page loaded\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressed '{c}'\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicked at x={x}, y={y}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[rustfmt::skip]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn inspect(event: WebEvent) {\n"
|
|
#~ " match event{\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::PageLoad => println!(\"página carregada\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::KeyPress(c) => println!(\"pressionou '{c}'\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " WebEvent::Click { x, y } => println!(\"clicou em x={x}, y={y}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
|
|
#~ " let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
|
|
#~ " let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let load = WebEvent::PageLoad;\n"
|
|
#~ " let press = WebEvent::KeyPress('x');\n"
|
|
#~ " let click = WebEvent::Click { x: 20, y: 80 };"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " inspect(load);\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(press);\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(click);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " inspect(load);\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(press);\n"
|
|
#~ " inspect(click);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "enum Foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " A,\n"
|
|
#~ " B,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "enum Foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " A,\n"
|
|
#~ " B,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Key Points: \n"
|
|
#~ " * Internally Rust is using a field (discriminant) to keep track of the enum variant.\n"
|
|
#~ " * `Bar` enum demonstrates that there is a way to control the discriminant value and type. If `repr` is removed, the discriminant type takes 2 bytes, becuase 10001 fits 2 bytes.\n"
|
|
#~ " * As a niche optimization an enum discriminant is merged with the pointer so that `Option<&Foo>` is the same size as `&Foo`.\n"
|
|
#~ " * `Option<bool>` is another example of tight packing.\n"
|
|
#~ " * For [some types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust guarantees that `size_of::<T>()` equals `size_of::<Option<T>>()`.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Zero-sized types allow for efficient implementation of `HashSet` using `HashMap` with `()` as the value."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Pontos chave:\n"
|
|
#~ " * Internamente Rust está usando um campo (discriminante) para acompanhar a variante da enum.\n"
|
|
#~ " * A Enum `Bar` demonstra que existe uma maneira de controlar o valor e o tipo discriminante. Se `repr` for removido, o tipo discriminante ocupa 2 bytes, porque 10001 cabe 2 bytes.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Como uma otimização de nicho, um discriminante de Enum é mesclado com o ponteiro para que `Option<&Foo>` seja do mesmo tamanho que `&Foo`.\n"
|
|
#~ " * `Option<bool>` é outro exemplo de empacotamento compacto.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Para [alguns tipos](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/#representation), Rust garante que o `size_of::<T>()` é igual a `size_of::<Option<T> >()`.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Tipos de tamanho zero permitem a implementação eficiente de `HashSet` usando `HashMap` com `()` como valor."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Example code if you want to show how the bitwise representation *may* look like in practice.\n"
|
|
#~ "It's important to note that the compiler provides no guarantees regarding this representation, therefore this is totally unsafe."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Código de exemplo se você quiser mostrar como a representação bit a bit *pode* parecer na prática.\n"
|
|
#~ " É importante observar que o compilador não oferece garantias quanto a essa representação, portanto, isso é totalmente inseguro."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
|
|
#~ " // representation of types.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of bool\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(true, u8);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n"
|
|
#~ " // representação bit a bit de tipos.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo bool\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(false, u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(true, u8);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<bool>\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(None::<bool>, u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo Option<bool>\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(None::<bool>, u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(false), u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(true), u8);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<Option<bool>>\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(None::<bool>), u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(None::<Option<bool>>, u8);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo Option<Option<bool>>\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(false)), u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(Some(true)), u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(None::<bool>), u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(None::<Option<bool>>, u8);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of Option<&i32>\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit do tipo Option<&i32>\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(None::<&i32>, usize);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(Some(&0i32), usize);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "More complex example if you want to discuss what happens when we chain more than 256 `Option`s together."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Exemplo mais complexo se você quiser discutir o que acontece quando encadeamos mais de 256 `Option` juntas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#![recursion_limit = \"1000\"]"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "use std::mem::transmute;"
|
|
#~ msgstr "use std::mem::transmute;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// Macro to wrap a value in 2^n Some() where n is the number of \"@\" signs.\n"
|
|
#~ "// Increasing the recursion limit is required to evaluate this macro.\n"
|
|
#~ "macro_rules! many_options {\n"
|
|
#~ " ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n"
|
|
#~ " ($value:expr, @) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(Some($value))\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// Macro para envolver um valor com Some() 2^n vezes onde n é o número de simbolos \"@\"\n"
|
|
#~ "// É necessário aumentar o limite de recursão para utilizar essa macro.\n"
|
|
#~ "macro_rules! many_options {\n"
|
|
#~ " ($value:expr) => { Some($value) };\n"
|
|
#~ " ($value:expr, @) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(Some($value))\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " ($value:expr, @ $($more:tt)+) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " many_options!(many_options!($value, $($more)+), $($more)+)\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // TOTALLY UNSAFE. Rust provides no guarantees about the bitwise\n"
|
|
#~ " // representation of types.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // TOTALMENTE INSEGURO. Rust não oferece nenhuma garantia sobre a\n"
|
|
#~ " // representação bit a bit de tipos.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false), Some(false));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @), Some(Some(false)));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(many_options!(false, @@), Some(Some(Some(Some(false)))));"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 128 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit de uma cadeia de 128 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@), u8);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@), u8);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 256 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit de uma cadeia de 256 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(false, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(true, @@@@@@@@), u16);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Bitwise representation of a chain of 257 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::<bool>, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Representação bit a bit de uma cadeia de 257 Option's.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(false), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(Some(true), @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
#~ " dbg_bits!(many_options!(None::<bool>, @@@@@@@@), u16);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Hello, my name is {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Pessoa {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn diz_ola(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Olá, meu nome é {}\", self.nome);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let peter = Person {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String::from(\"Peter\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " age: 27,\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " peter.say_hello();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let pedro = Pessoa {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: String::from(\"Pedro\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " idade: 27,\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " pedro.diz_ola();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Race {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " laps: Vec<i32>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Corrida {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " voltas: Vec<i32>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Race {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(name: &str) -> Race { // No receiver, a static method\n"
|
|
#~ " Race { name: String::from(name), laps: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Corrida {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(nome: &str) -> Corrida { // Um método estático, sem a definição de um receptor.\n"
|
|
#~ " Corrida { nome: String::from(nome), voltas: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn add_lap(&mut self, lap: i32) { // Exclusive borrowed read-write access to self\n"
|
|
#~ " self.laps.push(lap);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn adiciona_volta(&mut self, volta: i32) { // Acesso emprestado de leitura e gravação exclusivo para self\n"
|
|
#~ " self.voltas.push(volta);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn print_laps(&self) { // Shared and read-only borrowed access to self\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Recorded {} laps for {}:\", self.laps.len(), self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " for (idx, lap) in self.laps.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Lap {idx}: {lap} sec\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn imprime_voltas(&self) { // Acesso emprestado compartilhado e somente leitura para self\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Gravadas {} voltas para {}:\", self.voltas.len(), self.nome);\n"
|
|
#~ " for (idx, volta) in self.voltas.iter().enumerate() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Volta {idx}: {volta} seg.\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn finish(self) { // Exclusive ownership of self\n"
|
|
#~ " let total = self.laps.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Race {} is finished, total lap time: {}\", self.name, total);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn finaliza(self) { // ownership exclusiva de self\n"
|
|
#~ " let total = self.voltas.iter().sum::<i32>();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"A corrida {} terminou, tempo total da volta: {}\", self.nome, total);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut race = Race::new(\"Monaco Grand Prix\");\n"
|
|
#~ " race.add_lap(70);\n"
|
|
#~ " race.add_lap(68);\n"
|
|
#~ " race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
#~ " race.add_lap(71);\n"
|
|
#~ " race.print_laps();\n"
|
|
#~ " race.finish();\n"
|
|
#~ " // race.add_lap(42);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut corrida = Corrida::new(\"Grande Prêmio de Mônaco\");\n"
|
|
#~ " corrida.adiciona_volta(70);\n"
|
|
#~ " corrida.adiciona_volta(68);\n"
|
|
#~ " corrida.imprime_voltas();\n"
|
|
#~ " corrida.adiciona_volta(71);\n"
|
|
#~ " corrida.imprime_voltas();\n"
|
|
#~ " corrida.finaliza();\n"
|
|
#~ " // corrida.adiciona_volta(42);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let input = 'x';"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let input = 'x';"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(i32),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(i32),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn divide_in_two(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Ok(n / 2)\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Err(format!(\"cannot divide {n} into two equal parts\"))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn divide_por_dois(n: i32) -> Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " if n % 2 == 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Ok(n/2)\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Result::Err(format!(\"Não é possível dividir {} em duas partes iguais\", n))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
#~ " y: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: (u32, u32),\n"
|
|
#~ " y: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Change the literal values in `foo` to match with the other patterns.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Add a new field to `Foo` and make changes to the pattern as needed.\n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Altere os valores literais em `foo` para corresponderem com outros padrões.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Adicione um novo campo em `Foo` e faça as alterações no padrão conforme necessário.\n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Destructuring of slices of unknown length also works with patterns of fixed length."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Desestruturar slices de tamanho desconhecido também funciona com padrões de tamanho fixo."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Simple struct which tracks health statistics."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Estrutura simples que rastreia as estatísticas de saúde."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct User {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " age: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " weight: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Usuario {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " idade: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " peso: f32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl User {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(name: String, age: u32, weight: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Usuario {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(nome: String, idade: u32, peso: f32) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn name(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn nome(&self) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn age(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn idade(&self) -> u32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn weight(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn peso(&self) -> f32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_age(&mut self, new_age: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn setar_idade(&mut self, nova_idade: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn set_weight(&mut self, new_weight: f32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn setar_peso(&mut self, novo_peso: f32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"I'm {} and my age is {}\", bob.name(), bob.age());\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Sou {} e minha idade é {}\", bob.nome(), bob.idade());\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_weight() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.weight(), 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_peso() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let bob = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.peso(), 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_set_age() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bob = User::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 32);\n"
|
|
#~ " bob.set_age(33);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.age(), 33);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_setar_idade() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut bob = Usuario::new(String::from(\"Bob\"), 32, 155.2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.idade(), 32);\n"
|
|
#~ " bob.setar_idade(33);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(bob.idade(), 33);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remova isso quando terminar sua implementação.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_variables, dead_code)]"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add fields\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Ponto {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adicione os campos\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add methods\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Ponto {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adicione os métodos\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add fields\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Poligono {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adicione os campos\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add methods\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Poligono {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adicione os métodos\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add fields\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circulo {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adicione os campos\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // add methods\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Circulo {\n"
|
|
#~ " // adicione os métodos\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub enum Forma {\n"
|
|
#~ " Poligono(Poligono),\n"
|
|
#~ " Circulo(Circulo),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn round_two_digits(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn arredonda_dois_digitos(x: f64) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_point_magnitude() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_magnitude_ponto() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.magnitude()), 17.69);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_point_dist() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(round_two_digits(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_distancia_pontos() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Ponto::new(10, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Ponto::new(14, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(arredonda_dois_digitos(p1.dist(p2)), 5.00);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_point_add() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = p1 + Point::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(p2, Point::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_somar_pontos() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Ponto::new(16, 16);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = p1 + Ponto::new(-4, 3);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(p2, Ponto::new(12, 19));\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_polygon_left_most_point() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_poligono_ponto_mais_a_esquerda() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(poly.left_most_point(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Poligono::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(p2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(poly.ponto_mais_a_esquerda(), Some(p1));\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_polygon_iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point::new(16, 16);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_poligono_iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Ponto::new(12, 13);\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Ponto::new(16, 16);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(p2);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Poligono::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(p1);\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(p2);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let points = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(points, vec![Point::new(12, 13), Point::new(16, 16)]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let pontos = poly.iter().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(pontos, vec![Ponto::new(12, 13), Ponto::new(16, 16)]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
#~ " let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
#~ " .iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_perimetros_da_forma() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Poligono::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
#~ " let formas = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Forma::from(poly),\n"
|
|
#~ " Forma::from(Circulo::new(Ponto::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let perimetros = formas\n"
|
|
#~ " .iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(Forma::perimetro)\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(arredonda_dois_digitos)\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(perimetros, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn double(x: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " x + x\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn dobro(x: i32) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " x + x\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "You use `if` very similarly to how you would in other languages:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Você usa `if` de forma muito semelhante a como faria em outras linguagens:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "If you want to match a value against a pattern, you can use `if let`:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Se você deseja corresponder um valor a um padrão, pode usar `if let`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `if let` can be more concise than `match`, e.g., when only one case is interesting. In contrast, `match` requires all branches to be covered.\n"
|
|
#~ " * For the similar use case consider demonstrating a newly stabilized [`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/93628) feature.\n"
|
|
#~ "* A common usage is handling `Some` values when working with `Option`.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Unlike `match`, `if let` does not support guard clauses for pattern matching."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* `if let` pode ser mais conciso que `match`, por exemplo, quando apenas um caso é interessante. Em contraste, `match` requer que todas as ramificações sejam cobertas.\n"
|
|
#~ " * Para o caso de uso semelhante, considere demonstrar um recurso [`let else`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/93628) recentemente estabilizado.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Um uso comum é lidar com valores `Some` ao trabalhar com `Option`.\n"
|
|
#~ "* Ao contrário de `match`, `if let` não suporta cláusulas de guarda para correspondência de padrões."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "The `while` keyword works very similar to other languages:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "A palavra-chave `while` funciona de maneira muito semelhante a outras linguagens:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " while let Some(x) = iter.next() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "# `for` expressions"
|
|
#~ msgstr "# Expressões Para (`for`)"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = vec![10, 20, 30];"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* Break the `loop` with a value (e.g. `break 8`) and print it out."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "<details>\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "* Break o `loop` com um valor (ex. `break 8`) e mostre-o."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* [`Option` and `Result`](std/option-result.md) types: used for optional values\n"
|
|
#~ " and [error handling](error-handling.md)."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Tipos [`Option` e `Result`](std/option-result.md): usados para valores opcionais\n"
|
|
#~ " e [manipulação de erros](error-handling.md)."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* [`String`](std/string.md): the default string type used for owned data."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* [`String`](std/string.md): o tipo de cadeia de caracteres padrão extensível usado para dados."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): a standard extensible vector."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* [`Vec`](std/vec.md): um vetor extensível padrão."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): a hash map type with a configurable hashing\n"
|
|
#~ " algorithm."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* [`HashMap`](std/hashmap.md): um tipo de mapa hash com o algoritmo de hashing configurável."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* [`Box`](std/box.md): an owned pointer for heap-allocated data."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* [`Box`](std/box.md): um ponteiro próprio para dados alocados em heap."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): a shared reference-counted pointer for heap-allocated data."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* [`Rc`](std/rc.md): um ponteiro de contagem de referência compartilhado para dados alocados em heap."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let idx: Result<usize, usize> = numbers.binary_search(&10);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"idx: {idx:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let idx: Result<usize, usize> = numeros.binary_search(&10);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Indice: {idx:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " s1.push_str(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut s1 = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " s1.push_str(\"Olá\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s1: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", s1.len(), s1.capacity());"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
|
|
#~ " s2.push('!');\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let mut s2 = String::with_capacity(s1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " s2.push_str(&s1);\n"
|
|
#~ " s2.push('!');\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s2: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", s2.len(), s2.capacity());"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s3: len = {}, number of chars = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
|
|
#~ " s3.chars().count());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let s3 = String::from(\"🇨🇭\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"s3: tamanho = {}, número de caracteres = {}\", s3.len(),\n"
|
|
#~ " s3.chars().count());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref-methods-str"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `len` returns the size of the `String` in bytes, not its length in characters.\n"
|
|
#~ "* `chars` returns an iterator over the actual characters.\n"
|
|
#~ "* `String` implements `Deref<Target = str>` which transparently gives it access to `str`'s methods."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* `len` retorna o tamanho da `String` em bytes, não seu comprimento em caracteres.\n"
|
|
#~ "* `chars` retorna um iterador sobre os caracteres reais.\n"
|
|
#~ "* `String` implementa `Deref<Target = str>` que dá acesso transparente aos métodos de `str`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " v1.push(42);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v1: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v1 = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " v1.push(42);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v1: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v1.len(), v1.capacity());"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.push(9999);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v2: len = {}, capacity = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let mut v2 = Vec::with_capacity(v1.len() + 1);\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.extend(v1.iter());\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.push(9999);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v2: tamanho = {}, capacidade = {}\", v2.len(), v2.capacity());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // Canonical macro to initialize a vector with elements.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // Macro canônica para inicializar um vetor com elementos.\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v3 = vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4];"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // Retain only the even elements.\n"
|
|
#~ " v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // Retém somente os elementos pares.\n"
|
|
#~ " v3.retain(|x| x % 2 == 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // Remove consecutive duplicates.\n"
|
|
#~ " v3.dedup();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // Remove valores duplicados consecutivos.\n"
|
|
#~ " v3.dedup();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{v3:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/vec/struct.Vec.html#deref-methods-[T]"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut page_counts = HashMap::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), 207);\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Grimms' Fairy Tales\".to_string(), 751);\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.insert(\"Pride and Prejudice\".to_string(), 303);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut meus_livros = HashMap::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " meus_livros.insert(\"Aventuras de Huckleberry Finn\".to_string(), 207);\n"
|
|
#~ " meus_livros.insert(\"Contos de Fadas dos Grimms\".to_string(), 751);\n"
|
|
#~ " meus_livros.insert(\"Orgulho e Preconceito\".to_string(), 303);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " if !page_counts.contains_key(\"Les Misérables\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"We know about {} books, but not Les Misérables.\",\n"
|
|
#~ " page_counts.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " if !meus_livros.contains_key(\"Os Miseráveis\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Tenho {} livros, mas não Os Miseráveis.\",\n"
|
|
#~ " meus_livros.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
#~ " match page_counts.get(book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(count) => println!(\"{book}: {count} pages\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => println!(\"{book} is unknown.\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " for livro in [\"Orgulho e Preconceito\", \"Alice no País das Maravilhas\"] {\n"
|
|
#~ " match meus_livros.get(livro) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(paginas) => println!(\"{livro}: {paginas} páginas\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " None => println!(\"{livro} é desconhecido.\")\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // Use the .entry() method to insert a value if nothing is found.\n"
|
|
#~ " for book in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
#~ " let page_count: &mut i32 = page_counts.entry(book.to_string()).or_insert(0);\n"
|
|
#~ " *page_count += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // Use o método .entry() para inserir um valor, caso este não seja encontrado.\n"
|
|
#~ " for livro in [\"Pride and Prejudice\", \"Alice's Adventure in Wonderland\"] {\n"
|
|
#~ " let meu_livro: &mut i32 = meus_livros.entry(livro.to_string()).or_insert(0);\n"
|
|
#~ " *meu_livro += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{page_counts:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{meus_livros:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Unlike `vec!`, there is unfortunately no standard `hashmap!` macro."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Diferente de `vec!`, infelizmente não há uma macro padrão `hashmap!`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Deref.html#more-on-deref-coercion"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum List<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
|
|
#~ " Nil,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum List<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),\n"
|
|
#~ " Nil,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```bob\n"
|
|
#~ " Stack Heap\n"
|
|
#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": list : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | Tag | Cons | : : .->| Tag | Cons | .->| Tag | Nil | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | 0 | 1 | : : | | 0 | 2 | | | ////// | //// | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | 1 | o-----+----+-----+-' | 1 | o------+-' | ////// | //// | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```bob\n"
|
|
#~ " Stack Heap\n"
|
|
#~ ".- - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": lista : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | Tag | Cons | : : .->| Tag | Cons | .->| Tag | Nil | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | 0 | 1 | : : | | 0 | 2 | | | ////// | //// | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": | 1 | o-----+----+-----+-' | 1 | o------+-' | ////// | //// | :\n"
|
|
#~ ": +--------+-------+ : : +--------+--------+ +--------+------+ :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ ": : : :\n"
|
|
#~ "`- - - - - - - - - - - - -' '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Remove the `Box` in the List definition and show the compiler error. `Recursive with indirection` is a hint you might want to use a Box or reference of some kind, instead of storing a value directly. \n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Remova a `Box` da definição da `List` e veja o erro apresentado pelo compilador. `Recursive with indirection` é o aviso que você vai receber.</details>"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::rc::Rc;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::rc::Rc;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut b = a.clone();"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut a = Rc::new(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut b = a.clone();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md\n"
|
|
#~ "[4]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/cell/index.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: ../concurrency/shared_state/arc.md\n"
|
|
#~ "[4]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Weak.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::cell::RefCell;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::cell::RefCell;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Node {\n"
|
|
#~ " value: i64,\n"
|
|
#~ " parent: Option<Weak<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " children: Vec<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct No {\n"
|
|
#~ " valor: i64,\n"
|
|
#~ " pai: Option<Weak<RefCell<No>>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " filhos: Vec<Rc<RefCell<No>>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"graph: {root:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"grafo: {raiz:#?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "mod foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"In the foo module\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "mod foo {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn qualquer_coisa() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Qualquer coisa no módulo foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "mod bar {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn do_something() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"In the bar module\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "mod bar {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn qualquer_coisa() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Qualquer coisa no modulo bar\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " foo::do_something();\n"
|
|
#~ " bar::do_something();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " foo::qualquer_coisa();\n"
|
|
#~ " bar::qualquer_coisa();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "mod outer {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn private() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::private\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "mod exterior {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn privado() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"externo::privado\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::public\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"externo::público\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " mod inner {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn private() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::inner::private\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " mod interior {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn privado() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"externo::interno::privado\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"outer::inner::public\");\n"
|
|
#~ " super::private();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn public() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"externo::interno::público\");\n"
|
|
#~ " super::privado();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " outer::public();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " exterior::public();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "1. As a relative path:\n"
|
|
#~ " * `foo` or `self::foo` refers to `foo` in the current module,\n"
|
|
#~ " * `super::foo` refers to `foo` in the parent module."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "1. Como caminho relativo:\n"
|
|
#~ " * `foo` ou `self::foo` refere-se a `foo` no módulo atual,\n"
|
|
#~ " * `super::foo` refere-se a `foo` no módulo pai."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Ignore all spaces. Reject number with less than two digits."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Ignora todos os espaços. Rejeita números com menos de dois dígitos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Moving from right to left, double every second digit: for the number `1234`,\n"
|
|
#~ " we double `3` and `1`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Movendo-se da direita para a esquerda, dobra cada segundo dígito: para o número `1234`,\n"
|
|
#~ " dobra os números `3` e `1`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* After doubling a digit, sum the digits. So doubling `7` becomes `14` which\n"
|
|
#~ " becomes `5`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Depois de dobrar um dígito, soma os dígitos. Assim, duplicar `7` resulta em `14` que\n"
|
|
#~ " resulta em `5`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Sum all the undoubled and doubled digits."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Soma todos os dígitos não duplicados e duplicados."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* The credit card number is valid if the sum ends with `0`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* O número do cartão de crédito é válido se a soma terminar em `0`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub fn luhn(numero_cc: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_numero_cc_nao_numerico() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_empty_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_numero_cc_vazio() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\" \"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_single_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_numero_cc_um_numero() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"0\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_two_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_numero_cc_dois_numeros() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\" 0 0 \"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_valid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_numero_cc_valido() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4263 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6467\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(luhn(\"7992 7398 713\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_numero_cc_invalido() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub fn correspondencia_prefixo(prefixo: &str, caminho_requisitado: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_correspondencia_sem_curinga() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autores\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autores/abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autores/abc/livros\"));"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishersBooks\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/parent/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/autoresLivros\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores\", \"/v1/parent/autores\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_with_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/bar/books\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/books/book1\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_correspondencia_com_curinga() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/autores/foo/livros\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/autores/bar/livros\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/autores/foo/livros/livro1\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/autores/*/livros\", \"/v1/autores\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/autores/*/livros\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/autores/foo/livrosPorAutor\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Traits: deriving traits, default methods, and important standard library\n"
|
|
#~ " traits."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Traits (Características): Traits derivadas, métodos padrão e Traits importantes da biblioteca padrão."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Generics: generic data types, generic methods, monomorphization, and trait\n"
|
|
#~ " objects."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Generics (Genéricos): tipos de dados genéricos, métodos genéricos, monomorfização e trait\n"
|
|
#~ " objetos."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Error handling: panics, `Result`, and the try operator `?`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Tratamento de erros: pânico (_panics_), `Result` e o operador _try_ `?`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Testing: unit tests, documentation tests, and integration tests."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Testes: testes unitários, testes de documentação e testes de integração."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Unsafe Rust: raw pointers, static variables, unsafe functions, and extern\n"
|
|
#~ " functions."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Rust inseguro (unsafe): ponteiros brutos, variáveis estáticas, funções inseguras e funções externas."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Greet {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn say_hello(&self);\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Saudar {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn diz_ola(&self);\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct Dog {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Cachorro {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "struct Cat; // No name, cats won't respond to it anyway."
|
|
#~ msgstr "struct Gato; // Sem nome, os gatos não vão responder de qualquer maneira."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Greet for Dog {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Wuf, my name is {}!\", self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Saudar for Cachorro {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn diz_ola(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Wuf, meu nome é {}!\", self.nome);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Greet for Cat {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn say_hello(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Miau!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Saudar for Gato {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn diz_ola(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Miau!\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let pets: Vec<Box<dyn Greet>> = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(Dog { name: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(Cat),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " for pet in pets {\n"
|
|
#~ " pet.say_hello();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let pets: Vec<Box<dyn Saudar>> = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(Cachorro{ nome: String::from(\"Fido\") }),\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(Gato),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " for pet in pets {\n"
|
|
#~ " pet.diz_ola();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Compare these outputs in the above example:\n"
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<Cat>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<&Cat>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Greet>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Greet>>());\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Compare essas saídas no exemplo acima:\n"
|
|
#~ "```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<Cat>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} {}\", std::mem::size_of::<&Dog>(), std::mem::size_of::<&Cat>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<&dyn Greet>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", std::mem::size_of::<Box<dyn Greet>>());\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Player {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " strength: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " hit_points: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Jogador {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " forca: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " pontos_vida: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Equals {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn not_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " !self.equal(other)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "trait Iguais {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn igual(&self, outro: &Self) -> bool;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn diferente(&self, outro: &Self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " !self.igual(outro)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Centimeter(i16);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Centimetro(i16);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Equals for Centimeter {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn equal(&self, other: &Centimeter) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.0 == other.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Iguais for Centimetro {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn igual(&self, outro: &Centimetro) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.0 == outro.0\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = Centimeter(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let b = Centimeter(20);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{a:?} equals {b:?}: {}\", a.equal(&b));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{a:?} not_equals {b:?}: {}\", a.not_equal(&b));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let a = Centimetro(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " let b = Centimetro(20);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{a:?} é igual a {b:?}: {}\", a.igual(&b));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{a:?} é diferente de {b:?}: {}\", a.diferente(&b));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `IntoIterator` is the trait that makes for loops work. It is implemented by collection types such as\n"
|
|
#~ " `Vec<T>` and references to them such as `&Vec<T>` and `&[T]`. Ranges also implement it.\n"
|
|
#~ "* The `Iterator` trait implements many common functional programming operations over collections \n"
|
|
#~ " (e.g. `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, etc). This is the trait where you can find all the documentation\n"
|
|
#~ " about them. In Rust these functions should produce the code as efficient as equivalent imperative\n"
|
|
#~ " implementations.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* `IntoIterator` é o recurso que faz com que os laços funcionem. É implementado por tipos de coleção, como\n"
|
|
#~ " `Vec<T>` e referências a eles, como `&Vec<T>` e `&[T]`. Os intervalos também o implementam.\n"
|
|
#~ "* O _trait_ `Iterator` implementa muitas operações de programação funcional comuns sobre coleções\n"
|
|
#~ " (por exemplo, `mapa`, `filtro`, `redução`, etc). Este é o _trait_ onde você pode encontrar toda a documentação\n"
|
|
#~ " sobre eles. Em Rust, essas funções devem produzir o código tão eficiente quanto a implementação imperativa equivalente.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.FromIterator.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.Into.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn count_lines<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
|
|
#~ " buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn contar_linhas<R: Read>(reader: R) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " let buf_reader = BufReader::new(reader);\n"
|
|
#~ " buf_reader.lines().count()\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"lines in slice: {}\", count_lines(slice));"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<()> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let slice: &[u8] = b\"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"linhas na slice: {}\", contar_linhas(slice));"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"lines in file: {}\", count_lines(file));\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let file = std::fs::File::open(std::env::current_exe()?)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"linhas no arquivo: {}\", contar_linhas(file));\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{Result, Write};"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{Result, Write};"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Read.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.BufRead.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point { x: i32, y: i32 }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Ponto { x: i32, y: i32 }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl std::ops::Add for Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Output = Self;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl std::ops::Add for Ponto {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Output = Self;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {x: self.x + other.x, y: self.y + other.y}\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Point { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p1 = Ponto { x: 10, y: 20 };\n"
|
|
#~ " let p2 = Ponto { x: 100, y: 200 };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?} + {:?} = {:?}\", p1, p2, p1 + p2);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Droppable {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: &'static str,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Excluivel {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: &'static str,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for Droppable {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Dropping {}\", self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for Excluivel {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Executando 'Drop' {}\", self.nome);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/trait.Drop.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Derived {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " z: Implemented,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Default)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Derivado {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: u32,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " z: Implementado,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Implemented(String);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Implementado(String);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Default for Implemented {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn default() -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self(\"John Smith\".into())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Default for Implementado {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn default() -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self(\"Fulano de tal\".into())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let default_struct: Derived = Default::default();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{default_struct:#?}\");"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let estrutura_default: Derivado = Default::default();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{estrutura_default:#?}\");"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let almost_default_struct = Derived {\n"
|
|
#~ " y: \"Y is set!\".into(),\n"
|
|
#~ " ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{almost_default_struct:#?}\");"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let estrutura_quase_default = Derivado {\n"
|
|
#~ " y: \"Y é atribuído!\".into(),\n"
|
|
#~ " ..Default::default()\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{estrutura_quase_default:#?}\");"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let nothing: Option<Derived> = None;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:#?}\", nothing.unwrap_or_default());\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let nada: Option<Derivado> = None;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:#?}\", nada.unwrap_or_default());\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/default/trait.Default.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: T,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: T,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Ponto<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: T,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: T,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Point<T>(T, T);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Ponto<T>(T, T);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl<T> Point<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
#~ " &self.0 // + 10\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl<T> Ponto<T> {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn x(&self) -> &T {\n"
|
|
#~ " &self.0 // + 10\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // fn set_x(&mut self, x: T)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Point(5, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let p = Ponto(5, 10);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"p.x = {}\", p.x());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// Syntactic sugar for:\n"
|
|
#~ "// fn add_42_millions<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ "fn add_42_millions(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// Açucar sintático para:\n"
|
|
#~ "// fn somar_42_milhoes<T: Into<i32>>(x: T) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ "fn somar_42_milhoes(x: impl Into<i32>) -> i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " x.into() + 42_000_000\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "// struct NotClonable;"
|
|
#~ msgstr "// struct NotClonable;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let pair = duplicate(foo);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{pair:?}\");"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let foo = String::from(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let par = duplicar(foo);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{par:?}\");"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let many = add_42_millions(42_i8);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{many}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let many_more = add_42_millions(10_000_000);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{many_more}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let muito = somar_42_milhoes(42_i8);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{muito}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let muito_mais = somar_42_milhoes(10_000_000);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{muito_mais}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Show a `where` clause, students will encounter it when reading code.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "fn duplicate<T>(a: T) -> (T, T)\n"
|
|
#~ "where\n"
|
|
#~ " T: Clone,\n"
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Mostre uma cláusula `where`, os alunos a encontrarão ao ler o código.\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "fn duplicar<T>(a: T) -> (T, T)\n"
|
|
#~ "where\n"
|
|
#~ " T: Clone,\n"
|
|
#~ "{\n"
|
|
#~ " (a.clone(), a.clone())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::Display;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::Display;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn get_x(name: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Hello {name}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn get_x(nome: impl Display) -> impl Display {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"Olá {nome}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let x = get_x(\"foo\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let add_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mul_5 = |x| x * 5;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let soma_3 = |x| x + 3;\n"
|
|
#~ " let multiplica_5 = |x| x * 5;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"add_3: {}\", apply_with_log(add_3, 10));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"mul_5: {}\", apply_with_log(mul_5, 20));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"soma_3: {}\", aplicar_com_registro(soma_3, 10));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"multiplica_5: {}\", aplicar_com_registro(multiplica_5, 20));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Option_i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(i32),\n"
|
|
#~ " None,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Option_i32 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some (i32),\n"
|
|
#~ " None,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "enum Option_f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(f64),\n"
|
|
#~ " None,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "enum Option_f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some (f64),\n"
|
|
#~ " None,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "We've seen how a function can take arguments which implement a trait:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Vimos como uma função pode receber argumentos que implementam um `trait` :"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn print<T: Display>(x: T) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Your value: {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn print<T: Display>(x: T) {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Seu valor: {}\", x);\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " print(123);\n"
|
|
#~ " print(\"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " print(123);\n"
|
|
#~ " print(\"Olá\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "However, how can we store a collection of mixed types which implement `Display`?"
|
|
#~ msgstr "No entanto, como podemos armazenar uma coleção de tipos mistos que implementam `Display`?"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let xs = vec![123, \"Hello\"];\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let xs = vec![123, \"Olá\"];\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "For this, we need _trait objects_:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Para isso, precisamos de objetos de _traits_:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let xs: Vec<Box<dyn Display>> = vec![Box::new(123), Box::new(\"Hello\")];\n"
|
|
#~ " for x in xs {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let xs: Vec<Box<dyn Display>> = vec![Box::new(123), Box::new(\"Olá\")];\n"
|
|
#~ " for x in xs {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"x: {x}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Similarly, you need a trait object if you want to return different types\n"
|
|
#~ "implementing a trait:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Da mesma forma, você precisa de um objeto de _traits_ se quiser retornar valores diferentes\n"
|
|
#~ "implementando um `trait`:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn numbers(n: i32) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item=i32>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " if n > 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(0..n)\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new((n..0).rev())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn numeros(n: i32) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item=i32>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " if n > 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(0..n)\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new((n..0).rev())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", numbers(-5).collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", numbers(5).collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", numeros(-5).collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{:?}\", numeros(5).collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remove this when you're done with your implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,should_panic\n"
|
|
#~ "// TODO: remova isso quando terminar sua implementação.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![allow(unused_imports, unused_variables, dead_code)]"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Largura natural de `self`.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " /// Draw the widget into a buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " /// Desenha o widget em um buffer.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " /// Draw the widget on standard output.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{buffer}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " /// Desenha o widget na saída padrão.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut buffer = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " self.draw_into(&mut buffer);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", &buffer);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: String,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str) -> Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: label.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label,\n"
|
|
#~ " callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label,\n"
|
|
#~ " callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
#~ " callback,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(label: &str, callback: Box<dyn FnMut()>) -> Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " label: Label::new(label),\n"
|
|
#~ " callback,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub struct Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec<Box<dyn Widget>>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(title: &str) -> Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " title: title.to_owned(),\n"
|
|
#~ " widgets: Vec::new(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn add_widget(&mut self, widget: Box<dyn Widget>) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.push(widget);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Click me!\",\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
|
|
#~ " )));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.draw();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto.\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Clique em mim!\",\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(|| println!(\"Você clicou no botão!\")),\n"
|
|
#~ " )));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.draw();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "This is a small text GUI demo."
|
|
#~ msgstr "Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "| Click me! |\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "| Clique-me! |\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::panic;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::panic;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"hello!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "});\n"
|
|
#~ "assert!(result.is_ok());"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Olá!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "});\n"
|
|
#~ "assert!(result.is_ok());"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " panic!(\"oh no!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "});\n"
|
|
#~ "assert!(result.is_err());\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "let result = panic::catch_unwind(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " panic!(\"oh não!\");\n"
|
|
#~ "});\n"
|
|
#~ "assert!(result.is_err());\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs::File;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs::File;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{self, Read};"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{self, Read};"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let username_file_result = fs::File::open(path);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result<String, io::Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let arquivo_nome_usuario_result = fs::File::open(caminho);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let mut username_file = match username_file_result {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(file) => file,\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(e) => return Err(e),\n"
|
|
#~ " };"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let mut arquivo_nome_usuario = match arquivo_nome_usuario_result {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(arquivo) => arquivo,\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(e) => return Err(e),\n"
|
|
#~ " };"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid " let mut username = String::new();"
|
|
#~ msgstr " let mut nome_usuario = String::new();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " match username_file.read_to_string(&mut username) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(_) => Ok(username),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(e) => Err(e),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " match arquivo_nome_usuario.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(_) => Ok(nome_usuario),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(e) => Err(e),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"alice\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let nome_usuario = ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Nome de usuário ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{self, Read};"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::{self, Read};"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum LerNomeUsuarioError {\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "impl Error for ReadUsernameError {}"
|
|
#~ msgstr "impl Error for LerNomeUsuarioError {}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Display for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"IO error: {}\", e),\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::EmptyUsername(filename) => write!(f, \"Found no username in {}\", filename),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Display for LerNomeUsuarioError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::IoError(e) => write!(f, \"Erro de E/S: {}\", e),\n"
|
|
#~ " Self::NomeUsuarioVazio(arquivo) => write!(f, \"Não foi encontrado nome de usuário em {}\", arquivo),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<io::Error> for ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(err: io::Error) -> ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " ReadUsernameError::IoError(err)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<io::Error> for LerNomeUsuarioError {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(err: io::Error) -> LerNomeUsuarioError {\n"
|
|
#~ " LerNomeUsuarioError::IoError(err)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
#~ " File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result<String, LerNomeUsuarioError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
#~ " File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(LerNomeUsuarioError::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::from(caminho)));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(nome_usuario)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let username = read_username(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"username or error: {username:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let nome_usuario = ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\");\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Nome de usuário ou erro: {nome_usuario:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum ReadUsernameError {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Could not read: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " EmptyUsername(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Error)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum LerNomeUsuarioError {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Não foi possível ler: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " IoError(#[from] io::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"Não foi encontrado o nome do usuário em {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " NomeUsuarioVazio(String),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, ReadUsernameError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
#~ " fs::File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(ReadUsernameError::EmptyUsername(String::from(path)));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result<String, LerNomeUsuarioError> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
#~ " fs::File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(LerNomeUsuarioError::NomeUsuarioVazio(String::from(caminho)));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(nome_usuario)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"Nome de usuário: {nome_usuario}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fs::{self, File};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::error::Error;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "#[error(\"Found no username in {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct EmptyUsernameError(String);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Error, PartialEq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "#[error(\"Nome de usuário não encontrado em {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct NomeUsuarioVazioError(String);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn read_username(path: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut username = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
#~ " File::open(path)?.read_to_string(&mut username)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if username.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(EmptyUsernameError(String::from(path)).into());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn ler_nome_usuario(caminho: &str) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error>> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut nome_usuario = String::with_capacity(100);\n"
|
|
#~ " File::open(caminho)?.read_to_string(&mut nome_usuario)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " if nome_usuario.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return Err(NomeUsuarioVazioError(String::from(caminho)).into());\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok (nome_usuario)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{fs, io};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::{fs};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::io::Read;\n"
|
|
#~ "use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match read_username(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(username) => println!(\"Username: {username}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Error: {err:?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " //fs::write(\"config.dat\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match ler_nome_usuario(\"config.dat\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(nome_usuario) => println!(\"Nome de usuário: {nome_usuario}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Erro: {err:?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Unit tests are supported throughout your code."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Os testes unitários são suportados em todo o seu código."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn first_word(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " match text.find(' ') {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
|
|
#~ " None => &text,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn primeira_palavra(text: &str) -> &str {\n"
|
|
#~ " match text.find(' ') {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(idx) => &text[..idx],\n"
|
|
#~ " None => &text,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"\"), \"\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn teste_vazio() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"\"), \"\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_single_word() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_uma_palavra() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Olá\"), \"Olá\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_multiple_words() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(first_word(\"Hello World\"), \"Hello\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_multiplas_palavras() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(primeira_palavra(\"Olá Mundo\"), \"Olá\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn helper(a: &str, b: &str) -> String {\n"
|
|
#~ " format!(\"{a} {b}\")\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Hello\", \"World\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "pub fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", helper(\"Olá\", \"Mundo\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_helper() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_helper() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(helper(\"foo\", \"bar\"), \"foo bar\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "use my_library::init;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "use minha_biblioteca::init;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut num = 5;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut num = 5;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n"
|
|
#~ " let r2 = &num as *const i32;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let r1 = &mut num as *mut i32;\n"
|
|
#~ " let r2 = &num as *const i32;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "static mut COUNTER: u32 = 0;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "static mut CONTADOR: u32 = 0;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { COUNTER += inc; } // Potential data race!\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn add_to_counter(inc: u32) {\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe { CONTADOR += inc; } // Potencial corrida de dados!\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " add_to_counter(42);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " add_to_counter(42);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " unsafe { println!(\"COUNTER: {COUNTER}\"); } // Potential data race!\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " unsafe { println!(\"CONTADOR: {}\", CONTADOR); } // Potencial corrida de dados!\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ "union MyUnion {\n"
|
|
#~ " i: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " b: bool,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "#[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ "union MinhaUnion {\n"
|
|
#~ " i: u8,\n"
|
|
#~ " b: bool,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let emojis = \"🗻∈🌏\";"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // Safe because the indices are in the correct order, within the bounds of\n"
|
|
#~ " // the string slice, and lie on UTF-8 sequence boundaries.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // Seguro porque os índices estão na ordem correta, dentro dos limites da\n"
|
|
#~ " // slice da string e fica nos limites da sequência UTF-8.\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(0..4));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(4..7));\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", emojis.get_unchecked(7..11));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut a = 42;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut b = 66;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut a = 42;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut b = 66;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // Safe because ...\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " swap(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // Seguro porque...\n"
|
|
#~ " unsafe {\n"
|
|
#~ " troca(&mut a, &mut b);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"a = {}, b = {}\", a, b);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::slice;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::mem::size_of_val;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::slice;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// Safe because u32 has a defined representation and no padding.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// Seguro porque u32 tem uma representação definida e nenhum preenchimento.\n"
|
|
#~ "unsafe impl AsBytes for u32 {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[solution]: solutions-afternoon.md"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[solução]: solutions-afternoon.md"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "You will also want to browse the [`std::ffi`] module, particular for [`CStr`]\n"
|
|
#~ "and [`CString`] types which are used to hold NUL-terminated strings coming from\n"
|
|
#~ "C. The [Nomicon] also has a very useful chapter about FFI."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Você também deve procurar o módulo [`std::ffi`], especialmente para [`CStr`]\n"
|
|
#~ "e tipos [`CString`] que são usados para armazenar strings terminadas com NULL vindas do\n"
|
|
#~ "C. O [Nomicon] também tem um capítulo muito útil sobre FFI."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n"
|
|
#~ "[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`std::ffi`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/\n"
|
|
#~ "[`CStr`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[`CString`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ffi/struct.CString.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[Nomicon]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "mod ffi {\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "mod ffi {\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // Opaque type. See https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
#~ " _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
#~ " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // Tipo opaco. Consulte https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct DIR {\n"
|
|
#~ " _data: [u8; 0],\n"
|
|
#~ " _marker: core::marker::PhantomData<(*mut u8, core::marker::PhantomPinned)>,\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // Layout as per readdir(3) and definitions in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_ino: c_long,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_off: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_type: c_char,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // Layout para readdir(3) e definições em /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu.\n"
|
|
#~ " #[repr(C)]\n"
|
|
#~ " pub struct dirent {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_ino: c_long,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_off: c_ulong,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_reclen: c_ushort,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_type: c_char,\n"
|
|
#~ " pub d_name: [c_char; 256],\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn opendir(s: *const c_char) -> *mut DIR;\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn readdir(s: *mut DIR) -> *const dirent;\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn closedir(s: *mut DIR) -> c_int;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " path: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " path: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
#~ " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Chama opendir e retorna um valor Ok se funcionou,\n"
|
|
#~ " // caso contrário, retorna Err com uma mensagem.\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Continue chamando readdir até obter um ponteiro NULL de volta.\n"
|
|
#~ " unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"arquivos: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "# Welcome to Day 4"
|
|
#~ msgstr "# Bem-vindo ao Dia 4"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "Today we will look at two main topics:"
|
|
#~ msgstr "Hoje veremos dois tópicos principais:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Concurrency: threads, channels, shared state, `Send` and `Sync`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Concorrência: _threads_, _channels_, estado compartilhado, `Send` e `Sync`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Android: building binaries and libraries, using AIDL, logging, and\n"
|
|
#~ " interoperability with C, C++, and Java."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Android: construindo binários e bibliotecas, usando AIDL, log e\n"
|
|
#~ " interoperabilidade com C, C++ e Java."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "# Fearless Concurrency"
|
|
#~ msgstr "# Concorrência sem medo"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main thread: {i}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " for i in 1..5 {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Thread principal: {i}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Notice that the thread is stopped before it reaches 10 — the main thread is\n"
|
|
#~ " not waiting."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Observe que o _thread_ é interrompido antes de atingir 10 — o _thread_ principal não\n"
|
|
#~ " o espera."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` and later `handle.join()` to wait for\n"
|
|
#~ " the thread to finish."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Use `let handle = thread::spawn(...)` e posteriormente `handle.join()` para aguardar\n"
|
|
#~ " a `thread` terminar."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Trigger a panic in the thread, notice how this doesn't affect `main`."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Acione um pânico (`panic`) na _thread_ e observe como isso não afeta a _thread_ `main`."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* Use the `Result` return value from `handle.join()` to get access to the panic\n"
|
|
#~ " payload. This is a good time to talk about [`Any`]."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* Use o valor de retorno `Result` de `handle.join()` para obter acesso ao\n"
|
|
#~ " _payload_ do `panic` gerado. Este é um bom momento para falar sobre [`Any`]."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[`Any`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[`Qualquer`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/any/index.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from(\"Hello\");"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let s = String::from(\"Olá\");"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Length: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(|| {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Comprimento: {}\", s.len());\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/thread/fn.scope.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Recebido: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Recebido: {:?}\", rx.recv());"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Received: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let tx2 = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " tx2.send(30).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Recebido: {:?}\", rx.recv());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main: got {}\", msg);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main: obteve {msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(3);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main: got {msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " for msg in rx.iter() {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Main: obteve {msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::Arc;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::Arc;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " handles.into_iter().for_each(|h| h.join().unwrap());\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::Mutex;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::Mutex;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Mutex<Vec<i32>> = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: Mutex<Vec<i32>> = Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: &Mutex<Vec<i32>> = &v;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut guard = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " guard.push(40);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v: &Mutex<Vec<i32>> = &v;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut guarda= v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " guarda.push(40);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {:?}\", v.lock().unwrap());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html#impl-Sync-for-Mutex%3CT%3E\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html \n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[`PoisonError`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.PoisonError.html\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "</details>"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "// use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " handle.join().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "Possible solution:\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "Solução possível:\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = Arc::new(Mutex::new(vec![10, 20, 30]));"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let v2 = v.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.push(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " });"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let v2 = v.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " let handle = thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v2 = v2.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " v2.push(10);\n"
|
|
#~ " });"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " v.push(1000);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid " handle.join().unwrap();"
|
|
#~ msgstr " handle.join().unwrap();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Notable parts:"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " {\n"
|
|
#~ " let v = v.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"v: {v:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```\n"
|
|
#~ " \n"
|
|
#~ "Partes importantes:"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: ../unsafe/unsafe-traits.md"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Sync.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Dining philosophers: a classic problem in concurrency."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* _Dining philosophers_: um problema clássico em concorrência."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "struct Fork;"
|
|
#~ msgstr "struct Garfo;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // left_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // right_fork: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // thoughts: ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Filosofo {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // garfo_esquerda: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // garfo_direita: ...\n"
|
|
#~ " // pensamentos: ...\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Filosofo {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn pensa(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.pensamento\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} tem uma nova ideia!\", &self.nome))\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Pick up forks...\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn come(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Pegar garfos...\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} está comendo...\", &self.nome);\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "static PHILOSOPHERS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
#~ " &[\"Socrates\", \"Plato\", \"Aristotle\", \"Thales\", \"Pythagoras\"];"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "static FILOSOFOS: &[&str] =\n"
|
|
#~ "&[\"Sócrates\", \"Platão\", \"Aristóteles\", \"Tales\", \"Pitágoras\"];"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Create forks"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Criar garfos"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid " // Create philosophers"
|
|
#~ msgstr " // Criar filosofos"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid " // Make them think and eat"
|
|
#~ msgstr " // Faça-os pensar e comer"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // Output their thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // Mostrar seus pensamentos\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest::Url;\n"
|
|
#~ "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest::blocking::{get, Response};\n"
|
|
#~ "use reqwest::Url;\n"
|
|
#~ "use scraper::{Html, Selector};\n"
|
|
#~ "use thiserror::Error;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Error {\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"request error: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Error, Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "enum Error{\n"
|
|
#~ " #[error(\"erro de solicitação: {0}\")]\n"
|
|
#~ " ReqwestError(#[from] reqwest::Error),\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
#~ " let document = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n"
|
|
#~ " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn extract_links(response: Response) -> Result<Vec<Url>, Error> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let base_url = response.url().to_owned();\n"
|
|
#~ " let document = response.text()?;\n"
|
|
#~ " let html = Html::parse_document(&document);\n"
|
|
#~ " let selector = Selector::parse(\"a\").unwrap();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " for element in html.select(&selector) {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"On {base_url}: could not parse {href:?}: {err} (ignored)\",);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let mut valid_urls = Vec::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " for element in html.select(&selector) {\n"
|
|
#~ " if let Some(href) = element.value().attr(\"href\") {\n"
|
|
#~ " match base_url.join(href) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(url) => valid_urls.push(url),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Em {base_url}: não foi possível analisar {href:?}: {err} (ignorado)\",);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " Ok(valid_urls)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " Ok(valid_urls)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match extract_links(response) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Could not extract links: {err:#}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let start_url = Url::parse(\"https://www.google.org\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let response = get(start_url).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " match extract_links(response) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(links) => println!(\"Links: {links:#?}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(err) => println!(\"Não foi possível extrair os links: {err:#}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://docs.rs/reqwest/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://docs.rs/scraper/\n"
|
|
#~ "[3]: https://docs.rs/thiserror/"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust demo."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Demonstração de Rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[crates]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/crates/"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[crates]: https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:external/rust/crates/"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "rust_library {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "rust_library {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: \"libgreetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " crate_name: \"greetings\",\n"
|
|
#~ " srcs: [\"src/lib.rs\"],\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust demo."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Demonstração de rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "use greetings::greeting;\n"
|
|
#~ "use textwrap::fill;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "use greetings::greeting;\n"
|
|
#~ "use textwrap::fill;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Greeting library."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Biblioteca de Saudação."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "package com.example.birthdayservice;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "package com.example.birthdayservice;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Implementation of the `IBirthdayService` AIDL interface.\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Implementação da interface AIDL `IBirthdayService`.\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "/// The `IBirthdayService` implementation.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct BirthdayService;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "/// A implementação `IBirthdayService`.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct BirthdayService;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}"
|
|
#~ msgstr "impl binder::Interface for BirthdayService {}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::Result<String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(format!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Happy Birthday {name}, congratulations with the {years} years!\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl IBirthdayService for BirthdayService {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn wishHappyBirthday(&self, name: &str, years: i32) -> binder::Result<String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(format!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Feliz Aniversário {name}, parabéns pelos {years} anos!\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ))\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
#~ "use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Serviço de aniversário.\n"
|
|
#~ "use birthdayservice::BirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::BnBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";"
|
|
#~ msgstr "const SERVICE_IDENTIFIER: &str = \"birthdayservice\";"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Birthday service.\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Serviço de aniversário.\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::aidl::com::example::birthdayservice::IBirthdayService::IBirthdayService;\n"
|
|
#~ "use com_example_birthdayservice::binder;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "/// Connect to the BirthdayService.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::StatusCode> {\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "/// Conecte-se ao Serviço de Aniversário.\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn connect() -> Result<binder::Strong<dyn IBirthdayService>, binder::StatusCode> {\n"
|
|
#~ " binder::get_interface(SERVICE_IDENTIFIER)\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "/// Call the birthday service.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let name = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
#~ " .nth(1)\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " let years = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
#~ " .nth(2)\n"
|
|
#~ " .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok())\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(42);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "/// Chamada ao serviço de aniversário.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), binder::Status> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let name = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
#~ " .nth(1)\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from(\"Bob\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " let years = std::env::args()\n"
|
|
#~ " .nth(2)\n"
|
|
#~ " .and_then(|arg| arg.parse::<i32>().ok())\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(42);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
|
|
#~ " let service = connect().expect(\"Failed to connect to BirthdayService\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();\n"
|
|
#~ " let service = connect().expect(\"Falha ao conectar ao BirthdayService\");\n"
|
|
#~ " let msg = service.wishHappyBirthday(&name, years)?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{msg}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust logging demo."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, ignore\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Demonstração de registro de rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "use log::{debug, error, info};"
|
|
#~ msgstr "use log::{debug, error, info};"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "extern \"C\" {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn abs(x: i32) -> i32;\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "void print_card(const card* card);\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "void print_card(const card* card);\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#include <stdio.h>\n"
|
|
#~ "#include \"libbirthday.h\""
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#include <stdio.h>\n"
|
|
#~ "#include \"libbirthday.h\""
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Bindgen demo."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Demonstração do Bingen."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};"
|
|
#~ msgstr "use birthday_bindgen::{card, print_card};"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,editable\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust FFI demo.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust, editable\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Demonstração de uso do FFI com Rust.\n"
|
|
#~ "#![deny(improper_ctypes_definitions)]"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "use std::os::raw::c_int;"
|
|
#~ msgstr "use std::os::raw::c_int;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
#~ "#define ANALYSE_H"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#ifndef ANALYSE_H\n"
|
|
#~ "#define ANALYSE_H"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#endif\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#endif\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#include \"analyze.h\""
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```c\n"
|
|
#~ "#include \"analyze.h\""
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "[1]: https://cxx.rs/\n"
|
|
#~ "[2]: https://cxx.rs/tutorial.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Rust <-> Java FFI demo."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust,compile_fail\n"
|
|
#~ "//! Demonstração FFI Rust <-> Java."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
|
|
#~ "use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
|
|
#~ "use jni::JNIEnv;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "use jni::objects::{JClass, JString};\n"
|
|
#~ "use jni::sys::jstring;\n"
|
|
#~ "use jni::JNIEnv;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "class HelloWorld {\n"
|
|
#~ " private static native String hello(String name);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```java\n"
|
|
#~ "classe HelloWorld{\n"
|
|
#~ " private static native String hello(String name);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " static {\n"
|
|
#~ " System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " static {\n"
|
|
#~ " System.loadLibrary(\"hello_jni\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "* Call your AIDL service with a client written in Rust."
|
|
#~ msgstr "* Chame seu serviço AIDL com um cliente escrito em Rust."
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: transpose\n"
|
|
#~ "fn transpose(matrix: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut result = [[0; 3]; 3];\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " for j in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " result[j][i] = matrix[i][j];\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " return result;\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: transpose\n"
|
|
#~ "fn transposta(matriz: [[i32; 3]; 3]) -> [[i32; 3]; 3] {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: transpose\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut resultado = [[0; 3]; 3];\n"
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " for j in 0..3 {\n"
|
|
#~ " resultado[j][i] = matriz[i][j];\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " return resultado;\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n"
|
|
#~ "fn pretty_print(matrix: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n"
|
|
#~ " for row in matrix {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{row:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: pretty_print\n"
|
|
#~ "fn impressao_formatada(matriz: &[[i32; 3]; 3]) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: pretty_print\n"
|
|
#~ " for linha in matriz {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{linha:?}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: tests\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_transpose() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matrix = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], //\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " transposed,\n"
|
|
#~ " [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 201, 301], //\n"
|
|
#~ " [102, 202, 302],\n"
|
|
#~ " [103, 203, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ]\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: tests"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: tests\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_transposta() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matriz = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], //\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let matriz_transposta = transposta(matriz);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " matriz_transposta,\n"
|
|
#~ " [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 201, 301], //\n"
|
|
#~ " [102, 202, 302],\n"
|
|
#~ " [103, 203, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ]\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: tests"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matrix = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- the comment makes rustfmt add a newline\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let matriz = [\n"
|
|
#~ " [101, 102, 103], // <-- o comentário faz com que o rustfmt adicione uma nova linha\n"
|
|
#~ " [201, 202, 203],\n"
|
|
#~ " [301, 302, 303],\n"
|
|
#~ " ];"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let transposed = transpose(matrix);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"transposed:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&transposed);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```\n"
|
|
#~ "### Bonus question"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let matriz_transposta = transposta(matriz);\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Transposta:\");\n"
|
|
#~ " impressao_formatada(&matriz_transposta);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```\n"
|
|
#~ "### Pergunta bônus"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::convert::AsRef;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::Debug;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "```rust\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::convert::AsRef;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::fmt::Debug;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // &[&[i32]]\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // Vec<Vec<i32>>\n"
|
|
#~ " pretty_print(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // &[&[i32]]\n"
|
|
#~ " impressao_formatada(&[&[1, 2, 3], &[4, 5, 6], &[7, 8, 9]]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // [[&str; 2]; 2]\n"
|
|
#~ " impressao_formatada([[\"a\", \"b\"], [\"c\", \"d\"]]);\n"
|
|
#~ " // Vec<Vec<i32>>\n"
|
|
#~ " impressao_formatada(vec![vec![1, 2], vec![3, 4]]);\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html"
|
|
#~ msgstr "[1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " books: Vec<Book>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: configuração\n"
|
|
#~ "struct Biblioteca {\n"
|
|
#~ " livros: Vec<Livro>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// This makes it possible to print Book values with {}.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Book {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.title, self.year)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: setup"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// Isso torna possível imprimir valores de livros com {}.\n"
|
|
#~ "impl std::fmt::Display for Livro {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n"
|
|
#~ " write!(f, \"{} ({})\", self.titulo, self.ano)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Configuração"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Library_new\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Library {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
|
|
#~ " Library { books: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Biblioteca {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_new\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new() -> Biblioteca {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_new\n"
|
|
#~ " Biblioteca { livros: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_len\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
|
|
#~ " fn len(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.len()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_len\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn len(self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " ///}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_len\n"
|
|
#~ " fn tamanho(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.livros.len()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
#~ " fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn is_empty(self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_is_empty\n"
|
|
#~ " fn esta_vazia(&self) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.livros.is_empty()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
#~ " fn add_book(&mut self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.push(book)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn add_book(self, book: Book) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " ///}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_add_book\n"
|
|
#~ " fn adiciona_livro(&mut self, livro: Livro) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.livros.push(livro)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n"
|
|
#~ " fn print_books(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for book in &self.books {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", book);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_print_books\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn print_books(self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " ///}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_print_books\n"
|
|
#~ " fn imprime_livros(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " for livro in &self.livros {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{}\", livro);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // unimplemented!()\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
#~ " fn oldest_book(&self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.books.iter().min_by_key(|book| book.year)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
#~ " //fn oldest_book(self) -> Option<&Book> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // não implementado!()\n"
|
|
#~ " ///}\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Library_oldest_book\n"
|
|
#~ " fn livro_mais_antigo(&self) -> Option<&Livro> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.livros.iter().min_by_key(|livro| livro.ano)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
#~ "// This shows the desired behavior. Uncomment the code below and\n"
|
|
#~ "// implement the missing methods. You will need to update the\n"
|
|
#~ "// method signatures, including the \"self\" parameter! You may\n"
|
|
#~ "// also need to update the variable bindings within main.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let library = Library::new();"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
#~ "// Isso mostra o comportamento desejado. Descomente o código abaixo e\n"
|
|
#~ "// implementa os métodos ausentes. Você precisará atualizar o\n"
|
|
#~ "// assinaturas de método, incluindo o parâmetro \"self\"! Você pode\n"
|
|
#~ "// também precisa atualizar as ligações de variáveis dentro de main.\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " //println!(\"Our library is empty: {}\", library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " //library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //match library.oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Some(book) => println!(\"My oldest book is {book}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " // None => println!(\"My library is empty!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //println!(\"Our library has {} books\", library.len());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " //println!(\"Nossa biblioteca está vazia: {}\", biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " //biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //biblioteca.imprime_livros();\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //match biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Some(livro) => println!(\"Meu livro mais antigo é {livro}\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " // None => println!(\"Minha biblioteca está vazia!\"),\n"
|
|
#~ " //}\n"
|
|
#~ " //\n"
|
|
#~ " //println!(\"Nossa biblioteca tem {} livros\", biblioteca.tamanho());\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_library_len() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(library.len(), 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(library.is_empty());"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_tamanho_biblioteca() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(biblioteca.tamanho(), 0);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(biblioteca.esta_vazia());"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(library.len(), 2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(biblioteca.tamanho(), 2);\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_library_is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(library.is_empty());"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_biblioteca_esta_vazia() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(biblioteca.esta_vazia());"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!library.is_empty());\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!biblioteca.esta_vazia());\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_library_print_books() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " // We could try and capture stdout, but let us just call the\n"
|
|
#~ " // method to start with.\n"
|
|
#~ " library.print_books();\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_biblioteca_imprime_livros() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " // Poderíamos tentar capturar stdout, mas vamos apenas chamar o\n"
|
|
#~ " // método para começar.\n"
|
|
#~ " biblioteca.imprime_livros();\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_library_oldest_book() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut library = Library::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(library.oldest_book().is_none());"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_biblioteca_livro_mais_antigo() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut biblioteca = Biblioteca::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo().is_none());"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Lord of the Rings\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"Lord of the Rings\")\n"
|
|
#~ " );"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\", 1954));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo().map(|b| b.titulo.as_str()),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"O Senhor dos Anéis\")\n"
|
|
#~ " );"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " library.add_book(Book::new(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " library.oldest_book().map(|b| b.title.as_str()),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\")\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " biblioteca.adiciona_livro(Livro::new(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\", 1865));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(\n"
|
|
#~ " biblioteca.livro_mais_antigo().map(|b| b.titulo.as_str()),\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(\"As Aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas\")\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Point\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point\n"
|
|
#~ " x: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Point\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Ponto {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point\n"
|
|
#~ " x: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " Point { x, y }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Point-impl\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Ponto {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Point-impl\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(x: i32, y: i32) -> Ponto {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ponto { x, y }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn magnitude(self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " f64::from(self.x.pow(2) + self.y.pow(2)).sqrt()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(self, other: Point) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (self - other).magnitude()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(self, outro: Ponto) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " (self - outro).magnitude()\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x + other.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y + other.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn add(self, outro: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x + outro.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y + outro.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl std::ops::Sub for Point {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Output = Self;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl std::ops::Sub for Ponto {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Output = Self;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x - other.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y - other.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " fn sub(self, outro: Self) -> Self::Output {\n"
|
|
#~ " Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " x: self.x - outro.x,\n"
|
|
#~ " y: self.y - outro.y,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n"
|
|
#~ " points: Vec<Point>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Poligono {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon\n"
|
|
#~ " pontos: Vec<Ponto>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new() -> Polygon {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon { points: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Polygon-impl\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Poligono {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new() -> Poligono {\n"
|
|
#~ " Poligono { pontos: Vec::new() }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn add_point(&mut self, point: Point) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.push(point);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn adiciona_ponto(&mut self, ponto: Ponto) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.pontos.push(ponto);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn left_most_point(&self) -> Option<Point> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn ponto_mais_a_esquerda(&self) -> Option<Ponto> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.pontos.iter().min_by_key(|p| p.x).copied()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Point> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.points.iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Ponto> {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.pontos.iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn length(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " if self.points.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return 0.0;\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn comprimento(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " if self.pontos.is_empty() {\n"
|
|
#~ " return 0.0;\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let mut result = 0.0;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut last_point = self.points[0];\n"
|
|
#~ " for point in &self.points[1..] {\n"
|
|
#~ " result += last_point.dist(*point);\n"
|
|
#~ " last_point = *point;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " result += last_point.dist(self.points[0]);\n"
|
|
#~ " result\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let mut resultado = 0.0;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut ultimo_ponto = self.pontos[0];\n"
|
|
#~ " for ponto in &self.pontos[1..] {\n"
|
|
#~ " resultado += ultimo_ponto.dist(*ponto);\n"
|
|
#~ " ultimo_ponto = *ponto;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " resultado += ultimo_ponto.dist(self.pontos[0]);\n"
|
|
#~ " resultado\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n"
|
|
#~ " center: Point,\n"
|
|
#~ " radius: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle\n"
|
|
#~ "pub struct Circulo {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle\n"
|
|
#~ " centro: Ponto,\n"
|
|
#~ " raio: i32,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(center: Point, radius: i32) -> Circle {\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle { center, radius }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Circle-impl\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Circulo {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn new(centro: Ponto, raio: i32) -> Circulo {\n"
|
|
#~ " Circulo { centro, raio }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn circumference(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.radius)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn circunferencia(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI * f64::from(self.raio)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(&self, other: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.center.dist(other.center)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " pub fn dist(&self, outro: &Self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.centro.dist(outro.centro)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Shape\n"
|
|
#~ "pub enum Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " Polygon(Polygon),\n"
|
|
#~ " Circle(Circle),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Shape"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Shape\n"
|
|
#~ "pub enum Forma {\n"
|
|
#~ " Poligono(Poligono),\n"
|
|
#~ " Circulo(Circulo),\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: Shape"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<Polygon> for Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(poly: Polygon) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<Poligono> for Forma {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(poli: Poligono) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Forma::Poligono(poli)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<Circle> for Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(circle: Circle) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Circle(circle)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl From<Circulo> for Forma {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn from(circulo: Circulo) -> Self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Forma::Circulo(circulo)\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "impl Shape {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn perimeter(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Polygon(poly) => poly.length(),\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::Circle(circle) => circle.circumference(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "impl Forma {\n"
|
|
#~ " pub fn perimetro(&self) -> f64 {\n"
|
|
#~ " match self {\n"
|
|
#~ " Forma::Poligono(poli) => poli.comprimento(),\n"
|
|
#~ " Forma::Circulo(circulo) => circulo.circunferencia(),\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
#~ "#[cfg(test)]\n"
|
|
#~ "mod tests {\n"
|
|
#~ " use super::*;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_shape_perimeters() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poly = Polygon::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
#~ " poly.add_point(Point::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
#~ " let shapes = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(poly),\n"
|
|
#~ " Shape::from(Circle::new(Point::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let perimeters = shapes\n"
|
|
#~ " .iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(Shape::perimeter)\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(round_two_digits)\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(perimeters, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " #[test]\n"
|
|
#~ " fn test_forma_perimetros() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut poli = Poligono::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(12, 13));\n"
|
|
#~ " poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(17, 11));\n"
|
|
#~ " poli.adiciona_ponto(Ponto::new(16, 16));\n"
|
|
#~ " let formas = vec![\n"
|
|
#~ " Forma::from(poli),\n"
|
|
#~ " Forma::from(Circulo::new(Ponto::new(10, 20), 5)),\n"
|
|
#~ " ];\n"
|
|
#~ " let perimetros = formas\n"
|
|
#~ " .iter()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(Forma::perimetro)\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(arredonda_dois_digitos)\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();\n"
|
|
#~ " assert_eq!(perimetros, vec![15.48, 31.42]);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[allow(dead_code)]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: luhn\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn luhn(cc_number: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut digits_seen = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut sum = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " for (i, ch) in cc_number.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ').enumerate() {\n"
|
|
#~ " match ch.to_digit(10) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(d) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " sum += if i % 2 == 1 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let dd = d * 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " dd / 10 + dd % 10\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " d\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " digits_seen += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " None => return false,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: luhn\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn luhn(numero_cc: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: luhn\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut digitos_vistos = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut soma = 0;\n"
|
|
#~ " for (i, ch) in numero_cc.chars().rev().filter(|&ch| ch != ' ').enumerate() {\n"
|
|
#~ " match ch.to_digit(10) {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(d) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " soma += if i % 2 == 1 {\n"
|
|
#~ " let dd = d * 2;\n"
|
|
#~ " dd / 10 + dd % 10\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " d\n"
|
|
#~ " };\n"
|
|
#~ " digitos_vistos += 1;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " None => return false,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " if digits_seen < 2 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " if digitos_vistos < 2 {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " sum % 10 == 0\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " soma % 10 == 0\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let cc_number = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Is {} a valid credit card number? {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " cc_number,\n"
|
|
#~ " if luhn(cc_number) { \"yes\" } else { \"no\" }\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let numero_cc = \"1234 5678 1234 5670\";\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"{} é um número de cartão de crédito válido? {}\",\n"
|
|
#~ " numero_cc,\n"
|
|
#~ " if luhn(numero_cc) { \"Sim\" } else { \"Não\" }\n"
|
|
#~ " );\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_non_digit_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_numero_cc_nao_numerico() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"foo\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_invalid_cc_number() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_numero_cc_invalido() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4223 9826 4026 9299\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"4539 3195 0343 6476\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!luhn(\"8273 1232 7352 0569\"));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn prefix_matches(prefix: &str, request_path: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n"
|
|
#~ " let prefixes = prefix.split('/');\n"
|
|
#~ " let request_paths = request_path\n"
|
|
#~ " .split('/')\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|p| Some(p))\n"
|
|
#~ " .chain(std::iter::once(None));"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: prefix_matches\n"
|
|
#~ "pub fn correspondencia_prefixo(prefixo: &str, caminho_requisitado: &str) -> bool {\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: prefix_matches\n"
|
|
#~ " let prefixos = prefixo.split('/');\n"
|
|
#~ " let caminhos_requisitados = caminho_requisitado\n"
|
|
#~ " .split('/')\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|p| Some(p))\n"
|
|
#~ " .chain(std::iter::once(None));"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " for (prefix, request_path) in prefixes.zip(request_paths) {\n"
|
|
#~ " match request_path {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(request_path) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " if (prefix != \"*\") && (prefix != request_path) {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " None => return false,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " true\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " for (prefixo, caminho_requisitado) in prefixos.zip(caminhos_requisitados) {\n"
|
|
#~ " match caminho_requisitado {\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(caminho_requisitado) => {\n"
|
|
#~ " if (prefixo != \"*\") && (prefixo != caminho_requisitado) {\n"
|
|
#~ " return false;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " None => return false,\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " true\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: unit-tests\n"
|
|
#~ "#[test]\n"
|
|
#~ "fn test_matches_without_wildcard() {\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc-123\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers\", \"/v1/publishers/abc/books\"));"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!prefix_matches(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\"/v1/publishers/*/books\", \"/v1/publishers\"));\n"
|
|
#~ " assert!(!correspondencia_prefixo(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/*/books\",\n"
|
|
#~ " \"/v1/publishers/foo/booksByAuthor\"\n"
|
|
#~ " ));\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: unit-tests"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
#~ "pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: setup\n"
|
|
#~ "pub trait Widget {\n"
|
|
#~ " /// Natural width of `self`.\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "// ANCHOR_END: setup"
|
|
#~ msgstr "// ANCHOR_END: setup"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Window-width\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Window-width\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Window {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Window-width\n"
|
|
#~ " std::cmp::max(\n"
|
|
#~ " self.title.chars().count(),\n"
|
|
#~ " self.widgets.iter().map(|w| w.width()).max().unwrap_or(0),\n"
|
|
#~ " )\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut inner = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " for widget in &self.widgets {\n"
|
|
#~ " widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Window-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut inner = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " for widget in &self.widgets {\n"
|
|
#~ " widget.draw_into(&mut inner);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid " let window_width = self.width();"
|
|
#~ msgstr " let window_width = self.width();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // TODO: after learning about error handling, you can change\n"
|
|
#~ " // draw_into to return Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Then use\n"
|
|
#~ " // the ?-operator here instead of .unwrap().\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<window_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"| {:^window_width$} |\", &self.title).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+={:=<window_width$}=+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " for line in inner.lines() {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"| {:window_width$} |\", line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<window_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // TODO: depois de aprender sobre tratamento de erros, você pode alterar\n"
|
|
#~ " // draw_into para retornar Result<(), std::fmt::Error>. Então use\n"
|
|
#~ " // o operador ? aqui em vez de .unwrap().\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<window_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"| {:^window_width$} |\", &self.title).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+={:=<window_width$}=+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " for line in inner.lines() {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"| {:window_width$} |\", line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+-{:-<window_width$}-+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Button-width\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Button-width\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Button {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-width\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label.width() + 8 // add a bit of padding\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " let width = self.width();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut label = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label.draw_into(&mut label);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Button-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " let width = self.width();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut label = String::new();\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label.draw_into(&mut label);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " for line in label.lines() {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"|{:^width$}|\", &line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " for line in label.lines() {\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"|{:^width$}|\", &line).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"+{:-<width$}+\", \"\").unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Label-width\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label\n"
|
|
#~ " .lines()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
|
|
#~ " .max()\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(0)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Label-width\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Widget for Label {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn width(&self) -> usize {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Label-width\n"
|
|
#~ " self.label\n"
|
|
#~ " .lines()\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|line| line.chars().count())\n"
|
|
#~ " .max()\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap_or(0)\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " fn draw_into(&self, buffer: &mut dyn std::fmt::Write) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Label-draw_into\n"
|
|
#~ " writeln!(buffer, \"{}\", &self.label).unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"This is a small text GUI demo.\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Click me!\",\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(|| println!(\"You clicked the button!\")),\n"
|
|
#~ " )));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.draw();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut window = Window::new(\"Rust GUI Demo 1.23\");\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Label::new(\"Esta é uma pequena demonstração de GUI de texto.\")));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.add_widget(Box::new(Button::new(\n"
|
|
#~ " \"Clique em mim!\",\n"
|
|
#~ " Box::new(|| println!(\"Você clicou no botão!\")),\n"
|
|
#~ " )));\n"
|
|
#~ " window.draw();\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: ffi\n"
|
|
#~ "mod ffi {\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: ffi\n"
|
|
#~ "mod ffi {\n"
|
|
#~ " use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_long, c_ulong, c_ushort};"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " path: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: ffi"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "#[derive(Debug)]\n"
|
|
#~ "struct DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " path: CString,\n"
|
|
#~ " dir: *mut ffi::DIR,\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: ffi"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n"
|
|
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
#~ " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n"
|
|
#~ " let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Invalid path: {err}\"))?;\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
#~ " if dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(format!(\"Could not open {:?}\", path))\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: DirectoryIterator\n"
|
|
#~ "impl DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn new(path: &str) -> Result<DirectoryIterator, String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call opendir and return a Ok value if that worked,\n"
|
|
#~ " // otherwise return Err with a message.\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: DirectoryIterator\n"
|
|
#~ " let path = CString::new(path).map_err(|err| format!(\"Caminho inválido: {err}\"))?;\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: path.as_ptr() cannot be NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " let dir = unsafe { ffi::opendir(path.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
#~ " if dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " Err(format!(\"Não foi possível abrir {:?}\", path))\n"
|
|
#~ " } else {\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(DirectoryIterator { path, dir })\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Iterator\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n"
|
|
#~ " if dirent.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
|
|
#~ " return None;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
|
|
#~ " // terminated.\n"
|
|
#~ " let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
#~ " let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(os_str.to_owned())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Iterator\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Iterator for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " type Item = OsString;\n"
|
|
#~ " fn next(&mut self) -> Option<OsString> {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Keep calling readdir until we get a NULL pointer back.\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Iterator\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir is never NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " let dirent = unsafe { ffi::readdir(self.dir) };\n"
|
|
#~ " if dirent.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // We have reached the end of the directory.\n"
|
|
#~ " return None;\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: dirent is not NULL and dirent.d_name is NUL\n"
|
|
#~ " // terminated.\n"
|
|
#~ " let d_name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr((*dirent).d_name.as_ptr()) };\n"
|
|
#~ " let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(d_name.to_bytes());\n"
|
|
#~ " Some(os_str.to_owned())\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Drop\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n"
|
|
#~ " if !self.dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " panic!(\"Could not close {:?}\", self.path);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Drop\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Drop for DirectoryIterator {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn drop(&mut self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // Call closedir as needed.\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Drop\n"
|
|
#~ " if !self.dir.is_null() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // SAFETY: self.dir is not NULL.\n"
|
|
#~ " if unsafe { ffi::closedir(self.dir) } != 0 {\n"
|
|
#~ " panic!(\"Não foi possível fechar {:?}\", self.path);\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"files: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: main\n"
|
|
#~ "fn main() -> Result<(), String> {\n"
|
|
#~ " let iter = DirectoryIterator::new(\".\")?;\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"Arquivos: {:#?}\", iter.collect::<Vec<_>>());\n"
|
|
#~ " Ok(())\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR_END: main\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid "# Day 4 Morning Exercise"
|
|
#~ msgstr "# Dia 4 Exercício matinal"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Philosopher\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::mpsc;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::thread;\n"
|
|
#~ "use std::time::Duration;"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "struct Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork: Arc<Mutex<Fork>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " thoughts: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "struct Filosofo {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: String,\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher\n"
|
|
#~ " garfo_esquerda: Arc<Mutex<Garfo>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " garfo_direita: Arc<Mutex<Garfo>>,\n"
|
|
#~ " pensamentos: mpsc::SyncSender<String>,\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn think(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.thoughts\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} has a new idea!\", &self.name))\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "// ANCHOR: Philosopher-think\n"
|
|
#~ "impl Filosofo {\n"
|
|
#~ " fn pensar(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " self.pensamentos\n"
|
|
#~ " .send(format!(\"Eureka! {} teve uma nova ideia!\", &self.nome))\n"
|
|
#~ " .unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-think"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
#~ " fn eat(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is trying to eat\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " let left = self.left_fork.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let right = self.right_fork.lock().unwrap();"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
#~ " fn comer(&self) {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} está tentando comer\", &self.nome);\n"
|
|
#~ " let _esquerda = self.garfo_esquerda.lock().unwrap();\n"
|
|
#~ " let _direita = self.garfo_direita.lock().unwrap();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} is eating...\", &self.name);\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{} está comendo...\", &self.nome);\n"
|
|
#~ " thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "fn main() {\n"
|
|
#~ " // ANCHOR_END: Philosopher-eat-end\n"
|
|
#~ " let (tx, rx) = mpsc::sync_channel(10);"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let forks = (0..PHILOSOPHERS.len())\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Fork)))\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let garfos = (0..FILOSOFOS.len())\n"
|
|
#~ " .map(|_| Arc::new(Mutex::new(Garfo)))\n"
|
|
#~ " .collect::<Vec<_>>();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..forks.len() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let tx = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut left_fork = forks[i].clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut right_fork = forks[(i + 1) % forks.len()].clone();"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " for i in 0..garfos.len() {\n"
|
|
#~ " let tx = tx.clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut garfo_esquerda = garfos[i].clone();\n"
|
|
#~ " let mut garfo_direita = garfos[(i + 1) % garfos.len()].clone();"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " // To avoid a deadlock, we have to break the symmetry\n"
|
|
#~ " // somewhere. This will swap the forks without deinitializing\n"
|
|
#~ " // either of them.\n"
|
|
#~ " if i == forks.len() - 1 {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::mem::swap(&mut left_fork, &mut right_fork);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " // Para evitar um impasse, temos que quebrar a simetria\n"
|
|
#~ " // algum lugar. Isso irá trocar os garfos sem desinicializar\n"
|
|
#~ " // qualquer um deles.\n"
|
|
#~ " if i == garfos.len() - 1 {\n"
|
|
#~ " std::mem::swap(&mut garfo_esquerda, &mut garfo_direita);\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " let philosopher = Philosopher {\n"
|
|
#~ " name: PHILOSOPHERS[i].to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " thoughts: tx,\n"
|
|
#~ " left_fork,\n"
|
|
#~ " right_fork,\n"
|
|
#~ " };"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " let filosofo = Filosofo {\n"
|
|
#~ " nome: FILOSOFOS[i].to_string(),\n"
|
|
#~ " pensamentos: tx,\n"
|
|
#~ " garfo_esquerda,\n"
|
|
#~ " garfo_direita,\n"
|
|
#~ " };"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
#~ " philosopher.eat();\n"
|
|
#~ " philosopher.think();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " thread::spawn(move || {\n"
|
|
#~ " for _ in 0..100 {\n"
|
|
#~ " filosofo.comer();\n"
|
|
#~ " filosofo.pensar();\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ " });\n"
|
|
#~ " }"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ " drop(tx);\n"
|
|
#~ " for thought in rx {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{thought}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ " drop(tx);\n"
|
|
#~ " for pensamento in rx {\n"
|
|
#~ " println!(\"{pensamento}\");\n"
|
|
#~ " }\n"
|
|
#~ "}\n"
|
|
#~ "```"
|
|
|
|
#~ msgid ""
|
|
#~ "* `Box` is like `std::unique_ptr` in C++.\n"
|
|
#~ "* In the above example, you can even leave out the `*` in the `println!` statement thanks to `Deref`."
|
|
#~ msgstr ""
|
|
#~ "* `Box` é como `std::unique_ptr` em C++.\n"
|
|
#~ "* No exemplo acima, você pode até deixar de fora o `*` na declaração `println!` graças a `Deref`."
|