cow1 solution

solutions/19_smart_pointers/cow1.rs

@@ -1 +1,68 @@
-// Solutions will be available before the stable release. Thank you for testing the beta version 🥰
+// This exercise explores the `Cow` (Clone-On-Write) smart pointer. It can
+// enclose and provide immutable access to borrowed data and clone the data
+// lazily when mutation or ownership is required. The type is designed to work
+// with general borrowed data via the `Borrow` trait.
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+fn abs_all(input: &mut Cow<[i32]>) {
+    for ind in 0..input.len() {
+        let value = input[ind];
+        if value < 0 {
+            // Clones into a vector if not already owned.
+            input.to_mut()[ind] = -value;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reference_mutation() {
+        // Clone occurs because `input` needs to be mutated.
+        let vec = vec![-1, 0, 1];
+        let mut input = Cow::from(&vec);
+        abs_all(&mut input);
+        assert!(matches!(input, Cow::Owned(_)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reference_no_mutation() {
+        // No clone occurs because `input` doesn't need to be mutated.
+        let vec = vec![0, 1, 2];
+        let mut input = Cow::from(&vec);
+        abs_all(&mut input);
+        assert!(matches!(input, Cow::Borrowed(_)));
+        //                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn owned_no_mutation() {
+        // We can also pass `vec` without `&` so `Cow` owns it directly. In this
+        // case, no mutation occurs and thus also no clone. But the result is
+        // still owned because it was never borrowed or mutated.
+        let vec = vec![0, 1, 2];
+        let mut input = Cow::from(vec);
+        abs_all(&mut input);
+        assert!(matches!(input, Cow::Owned(_)));
+        //                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn owned_mutation() {
+        // Of course this is also the case if a mutation does occur. In this
+        // case, the call to `to_mut()` in the `abs_all` function returns a
+        // reference to the same data as before.
+        let vec = vec![-1, 0, 1];
+        let mut input = Cow::from(vec);
+        abs_all(&mut input);
+        assert!(matches!(input, Cow::Owned(_)));
+        //                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+    }
+}