avcodec/utvideodec: Avoid qsort when creating Huffman tables

The Ut video format uses Huffman trees which are only implicitly coded
in the bitstream: Only the lengths of the codes are coded, the rest has
to be inferred by the decoder according to the rule that the longer
codes are to the left of shorter codes in the tree and on each level the
symbols are descending from left to right.

Because longer codes are to the left of shorter codes, one needs to know
how many non-leaf nodes there are on each level in order to know the
code of the next left-most leaf (which belongs to the highest symbol on
that level). The current code does this by sorting the entries to be
ascending according to length and (for entries with the same length)
ascending according to their symbols. This array is then traversed in
reverse order, so that the lowest level is dealt with first, so that the
number of non-leaf nodes of the next higher level is known when
processing said level.

But this can also be calculated without sorting: Simply count how many
leaf nodes there are on each level. Then one can calculate the number of
non-leaf nodes on each level iteratively from the lowest level upwards:
It is just half the number of nodes of the level below.

This improves performance: For the sample from ticket #4044 the amount
of decicycles for one call to build_huff() decreased from 1055489 to
446310 for Clang 10 and from 1080306 to 535155 for GCC 9.

Reviewed-by: Paul B Mahol <onemda@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Rheinhardt <andreas.rheinhardt@gmail.com>

libavcodec/utvideo.c

@@ -39,9 +39,3 @@ int ff_ut_huff_cmp_len(const void *a, const void *b)
     const HuffEntry *aa = a, *bb = b;
     return (aa->len - bb->len)*256 + aa->sym - bb->sym;
 }
-
-int ff_ut10_huff_cmp_len(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-    const HuffEntry *aa = a, *bb = b;
-    return (aa->len - bb->len)*1024 + aa->sym - bb->sym;
-}

libavcodec/utvideo.h

@@ -99,6 +99,5 @@ typedef struct HuffEntry {
 
 /* Compare huffman tree nodes */
 int ff_ut_huff_cmp_len(const void *a, const void *b);
-int ff_ut10_huff_cmp_len(const void *a, const void *b);
 
 #endif /* AVCODEC_UTVIDEO_H */

libavcodec/utvideodec.c

@@ -43,45 +43,44 @@
 static int build_huff(const uint8_t *src, VLC *vlc, int *fsym, unsigned nb_elems)
 {
     int i;
-    HuffEntry he[1024];
-    int last;
     uint32_t codes[1024];
     uint8_t bits[1024];
-    uint16_t syms[1024];
-    uint32_t code;
+    uint16_t codes_count[33] = { 0 };
 
     *fsym = -1;
     for (i = 0; i < nb_elems; i++) {
-        he[i].sym = i;
-        he[i].len = *src++;
-    }
-    qsort(he, nb_elems, sizeof(*he), ff_ut10_huff_cmp_len);
+        if (src[i] == 0) {
+            *fsym = i;
+            return 0;
+        } else if (src[i] == 255) {
+            bits[i] = 0;
+        } else if (src[i] <= 32) {
+            bits[i] = src[i];
+        } else
+            return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
 
-    if (!he[0].len) {
-        *fsym = he[0].sym;
-        return 0;
+        codes_count[bits[i]]++;
+    }
+    if (codes_count[0] == nb_elems)
+        return AVERROR_INVALIDDATA;
+
+    for (unsigned i = 32, nb_codes = 0; i > 0; i--) {
+        uint16_t curr = codes_count[i];   // # of leafs of length i
+        codes_count[i] = nb_codes / 2;    // # of non-leaf nodes on level i
+        nb_codes = codes_count[i] + curr; // # of nodes on level i
     }
 
-    last = nb_elems - 1;
-    while (he[last].len == 255 && last)
-        last--;
-
-    if (he[last].len > 32) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    code = 0;
-    for (i = last; i >= 0; i--) {
-        codes[i] = code >> (32 - he[i].len);
-        bits[i]  = he[i].len;
-        syms[i]  = he[i].sym;
-        code += 0x80000000u >> (he[i].len - 1);
+    for (unsigned i = nb_elems; i-- > 0;) {
+        if (!bits[i]) {
+            codes[i] = 0;
+            continue;
+        }
+        codes[i] = codes_count[bits[i]]++;
     }
 #define VLC_BITS 11
-    return ff_init_vlc_sparse(vlc, VLC_BITS, last + 1,
-                              bits,  sizeof(*bits),  sizeof(*bits),
-                              codes, sizeof(*codes), sizeof(*codes),
-                              syms,  sizeof(*syms),  sizeof(*syms), 0);
+    return init_vlc(vlc, VLC_BITS, nb_elems,
+                    bits,  sizeof(*bits),  sizeof(*bits),
+                    codes, sizeof(*codes), sizeof(*codes), 0);
 }
 
 static int decode_plane10(UtvideoContext *c, int plane_no,