FFmpeg/libavcodec/cbs.h

/*
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#ifndef AVCODEC_CBS_H
#define AVCODEC_CBS_H

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#include "libavutil/buffer.h"

#include "codec_id.h"
#include "codec_par.h"
#include "defs.h"
#include "packet.h"


/*
 * This defines a framework for converting between a coded bitstream
 * and structures defining all individual syntax elements found in
 * such a stream.
 *
 * Conversion in both directions is possible.  Given a coded bitstream
 * (any meaningful fragment), it can be parsed and decomposed into
 * syntax elements stored in a set of codec-specific structures.
 * Similarly, given a set of those same codec-specific structures the
 * syntax elements can be serialised and combined to create a coded
 * bitstream.
 */

struct AVCodecContext;
struct CodedBitstreamType;

/**
 * The codec-specific type of a bitstream unit.
 *
 * AV1: obu_type
 * H.264 / AVC: nal_unit_type
 * H.265 / HEVC: nal_unit_type
 * JPEG: marker value (without 0xff prefix)
 * MPEG-2: start code value (without prefix)
 * VP9: unused, set to zero (every unit is a frame)
 */
typedef uint32_t CodedBitstreamUnitType;

/**
 * Coded bitstream unit structure.
 *
 * A bitstream unit the smallest element of a bitstream which
 * is meaningful on its own.  For example, an H.264 NAL unit.
 *
 * See the codec-specific header for the meaning of this for any
 * particular codec.
 */
typedef struct CodedBitstreamUnit {
    /**
     * Codec-specific type of this unit.
     */
    CodedBitstreamUnitType type;

    /**
     * Pointer to the directly-parsable bitstream form of this unit.
     *
     * May be NULL if the unit currently only exists in decomposed form.
     */
    uint8_t *data;
    /**
     * The number of bytes in the bitstream (including any padding bits
     * in the final byte).
     */
    size_t   data_size;
    /**
     * The number of bits which should be ignored in the final byte.
     *
     * This supports non-byte-aligned bitstreams.
     */
    size_t   data_bit_padding;
    /**
     * A reference to the buffer containing data.
     *
     * Must be set if data is not NULL.
     */
    AVBufferRef *data_ref;

    /**
     * Pointer to the decomposed form of this unit.
     *
     * The type of this structure depends on both the codec and the
     * type of this unit.  May be NULL if the unit only exists in
     * bitstream form.
     */
    void *content;
    /**
     * If content is reference counted, a RefStruct reference backing content.
     * NULL if content is not reference counted.
     */
    void *content_ref;
} CodedBitstreamUnit;

/**
 * Coded bitstream fragment structure, combining one or more units.
 *
 * This is any sequence of units.  It need not form some greater whole,
 * though in many cases it will.  For example, an H.264 access unit,
 * which is composed of a sequence of H.264 NAL units.
 */
typedef struct CodedBitstreamFragment {
    /**
     * Pointer to the bitstream form of this fragment.
     *
     * May be NULL if the fragment only exists as component units.
     */
    uint8_t *data;
    /**
     * The number of bytes in the bitstream.
     *
     * The number of bytes in the bitstream (including any padding bits
     * in the final byte).
     */
    size_t   data_size;
    /**
     * The number of bits which should be ignored in the final byte.
     */
    size_t data_bit_padding;
    /**
     * A reference to the buffer containing data.
     *
     * Must be set if data is not NULL.
     */
    AVBufferRef *data_ref;

    /**
     * Number of units in this fragment.
     *
     * This may be zero if the fragment only exists in bitstream form
     * and has not been decomposed.
     */
    int              nb_units;

    /**
     * Number of allocated units.
     *
     * Must always be >= nb_units; designed for internal use by cbs.
     */
     int             nb_units_allocated;

    /**
     * Pointer to an array of units of length nb_units_allocated.
     * Only the first nb_units are valid.
     *
     * Must be NULL if nb_units_allocated is zero.
     */
    CodedBitstreamUnit *units;
} CodedBitstreamFragment;


struct CodedBitstreamContext;
struct GetBitContext;
struct PutBitContext;

/**
 * Callback type for read tracing.
 *
 * @param ctx         User-set trace context.
 * @param gbc         A GetBitContext set at the start of the syntax
 *                    element.  This is a copy, the callee does not
 *                    need to preserve it.
 * @param length      Length in bits of the syntax element.
 * @param name        String name of the syntax elements.
 * @param subscripts  If the syntax element is an array, a pointer to
 *                    an array of subscripts into the array.
 * @param value       Parsed value of the syntax element.
 */
typedef void (*CBSTraceReadCallback)(void *trace_context,
                                     struct GetBitContext *gbc,
                                     int start_position,
                                     const char *name,
                                     const int *subscripts,
                                     int64_t value);

/**
 * Callback type for write tracing.
 *
 * @param ctx         User-set trace context.
 * @param pbc         A PutBitContext set at the end of the syntax
 *                    element.  The user must not modify this, but may
 *                    inspect it to determine state.
 * @param length      Length in bits of the syntax element.
 * @param name        String name of the syntax elements.
 * @param subscripts  If the syntax element is an array, a pointer to
 *                    an array of subscripts into the array.
 * @param value       Written value of the syntax element.
 */
typedef void (*CBSTraceWriteCallback)(void *trace_context,
                                      struct PutBitContext *pbc,
                                      int start_position,
                                      const char *name,
                                      const int *subscripts,
                                      int64_t value);

/**
 * Context structure for coded bitstream operations.
 */
typedef struct CodedBitstreamContext {
    /**
     * Logging context to be passed to all av_log() calls associated
     * with this context.
     */
    void *log_ctx;

    /**
     * Internal codec-specific hooks.
     */
    const struct CodedBitstreamType *codec;

    /**
     * Internal codec-specific data.
     *
     * This contains any information needed when reading/writing
     * bitsteams which will not necessarily be present in a fragment.
     * For example, for H.264 it contains all currently visible
     * parameter sets - they are required to determine the bitstream
     * syntax but need not be present in every access unit.
     */
    void *priv_data;

    /**
     * Array of unit types which should be decomposed when reading.
     *
     * Types not in this list will be available in bitstream form only.
     * If NULL, all supported types will be decomposed.
     */
    const CodedBitstreamUnitType *decompose_unit_types;
    /**
     * Length of the decompose_unit_types array.
     */
    int nb_decompose_unit_types;

    /**
     * Enable trace output during read/write operations.
     */
    int trace_enable;
    /**
     * Log level to use for default trace output.
     *
     * From AV_LOG_*; defaults to AV_LOG_TRACE.
     */
    int trace_level;
    /**
     * User context pointer to pass to trace callbacks.
     */
    void *trace_context;
    /**
     * Callback for read tracing.
     *
     * If tracing is enabled then this is called once for each syntax
     * element parsed.
     */
    CBSTraceReadCallback  trace_read_callback;
    /**
     * Callback for write tracing.
     *
     * If tracing is enabled then this is called once for each syntax
     * element written.
     */
    CBSTraceWriteCallback trace_write_callback;

    /**
     * Write buffer. Used as intermediate buffer when writing units.
     * For internal use of cbs only.
     */
    uint8_t *write_buffer;
    size_t   write_buffer_size;
} CodedBitstreamContext;


/**
 * Table of all supported codec IDs.
 *
 * Terminated by AV_CODEC_ID_NONE.
 */
extern const enum AVCodecID ff_cbs_all_codec_ids[];


/**
 * Create and initialise a new context for the given codec.
 */
int ff_cbs_init(CodedBitstreamContext **ctx,
                enum AVCodecID codec_id, void *log_ctx);

/**
 * Reset all internal state in a context.
 */
void ff_cbs_flush(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx);

/**
 * Close a context and free all internal state.
 */
void ff_cbs_close(CodedBitstreamContext **ctx);


/**
 * Read the extradata bitstream found in codec parameters into a
 * fragment, then split into units and decompose.
 *
 * This also updates the internal state, so will need to be called for
 * codecs with extradata to read parameter sets necessary for further
 * parsing even if the fragment itself is not desired.
 *
 * The fragment must have been zeroed or reset via ff_cbs_fragment_reset
 * before use.
 */
int ff_cbs_read_extradata(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                          CodedBitstreamFragment *frag,
                          const AVCodecParameters *par);

/**
 * Read the extradata bitstream found in a codec context into a
 * fragment, then split into units and decompose.
 *
 * This acts identical to ff_cbs_read_extradata() for the case where
 * you already have a codec context.
 */
int ff_cbs_read_extradata_from_codec(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                                     CodedBitstreamFragment *frag,
                                     const struct AVCodecContext *avctx);

int ff_cbs_read_packet_side_data(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                                 CodedBitstreamFragment *frag,
                                 const AVPacket *pkt);

/**
 * Read the data bitstream from a packet into a fragment, then
 * split into units and decompose.
 *
 * This also updates the internal state of the coded bitstream context
 * with any persistent data from the fragment which may be required to
 * read following fragments (e.g. parameter sets).
 *
 * The fragment must have been zeroed or reset via ff_cbs_fragment_reset
 * before use.
 */
int ff_cbs_read_packet(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                       CodedBitstreamFragment *frag,
                       const AVPacket *pkt);

/**
 * Read a bitstream from a memory region into a fragment, then
 * split into units and decompose.
 *
 * This also updates the internal state of the coded bitstream context
 * with any persistent data from the fragment which may be required to
 * read following fragments (e.g. parameter sets).
 *
 * The fragment must have been zeroed or reset via ff_cbs_fragment_reset
 * before use.
 */
int ff_cbs_read(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                CodedBitstreamFragment *frag,
                const uint8_t *data, size_t size);


/**
 * Write the content of the fragment to its own internal buffer.
 *
 * Writes the content of all units and then assembles them into a new
 * data buffer.  When modifying the content of decomposed units, this
 * can be used to regenerate the bitstream form of units or the whole
 * fragment so that it can be extracted for other use.
 *
 * This also updates the internal state of the coded bitstream context
 * with any persistent data from the fragment which may be required to
 * write following fragments (e.g. parameter sets).
 */
int ff_cbs_write_fragment_data(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                               CodedBitstreamFragment *frag);

/**
 * Write the bitstream of a fragment to the extradata in codec parameters.
 *
 * Modifies context and fragment as ff_cbs_write_fragment_data does and
 * replaces any existing extradata in the structure.
 */
int ff_cbs_write_extradata(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                           AVCodecParameters *par,
                           CodedBitstreamFragment *frag);

/**
 * Write the bitstream of a fragment to a packet.
 *
 * Modifies context and fragment as ff_cbs_write_fragment_data does.
 *
 * On success, the packet's buf is unreferenced and its buf, data and
 * size fields are set to the corresponding values from the newly updated
 * fragment; other fields are not touched.  On failure, the packet is not
 * touched at all.
 */
int ff_cbs_write_packet(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                        AVPacket *pkt,
                        CodedBitstreamFragment *frag);


/**
 * Free the units contained in a fragment as well as the fragment's
 * own data buffer, but not the units array itself.
 */
void ff_cbs_fragment_reset(CodedBitstreamFragment *frag);

/**
 * Free the units array of a fragment in addition to what
 * ff_cbs_fragment_reset does.
 */
void ff_cbs_fragment_free(CodedBitstreamFragment *frag);

/**
 * Allocate a new internal content buffer matching the type of the unit.
 *
 * The content will be zeroed.
 */
int ff_cbs_alloc_unit_content(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                              CodedBitstreamUnit *unit);

/**
 * Insert a new unit into a fragment with the given content.
 *
 * If content_ref is supplied, it has to be a RefStruct reference
 * backing content; the user keeps ownership of the supplied reference.
 * The content structure continues to be owned by the caller if
 * content_ref is not supplied.
 */
int ff_cbs_insert_unit_content(CodedBitstreamFragment *frag,
                               int position,
                               CodedBitstreamUnitType type,
                               void *content,
                               void *content_ref);

/**
 * Add a new unit to a fragment with the given data bitstream.
 *
 * If data_buf is not supplied then data must have been allocated with
 * av_malloc() and will on success become owned by the unit after this
 * call or freed on error.
 */
int ff_cbs_append_unit_data(CodedBitstreamFragment *frag,
                            CodedBitstreamUnitType type,
                            uint8_t *data, size_t data_size,
                            AVBufferRef *data_buf);

/**
 * Delete a unit from a fragment and free all memory it uses.
 *
 * Requires position to be >= 0 and < frag->nb_units.
 */
void ff_cbs_delete_unit(CodedBitstreamFragment *frag,
                        int position);


/**
 * Make the content of a unit refcounted.
 *
 * If the unit is not refcounted, this will do a deep copy of the unit
 * content to new refcounted buffers.
 *
 * It is not valid to call this function on a unit which does not have
 * decomposed content.
 */
int ff_cbs_make_unit_refcounted(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                                CodedBitstreamUnit *unit);

/**
 * Make the content of a unit writable so that internal fields can be
 * modified.
 *
 * If it is known that there are no other references to the content of
 * the unit, does nothing and returns success.  Otherwise (including the
 * case where the unit content is not refcounted), it does a full clone
 * of the content (including any internal buffers) to make a new copy,
 * and replaces the existing references inside the unit with that.
 *
 * It is not valid to call this function on a unit which does not have
 * decomposed content.
 */
int ff_cbs_make_unit_writable(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                              CodedBitstreamUnit *unit);

enum CbsDiscardFlags {
    DISCARD_FLAG_NONE = 0,

    /**
     * keep non-vcl units even if the picture has been dropped.
     */
    DISCARD_FLAG_KEEP_NON_VCL = 0x01,
};

/**
 * Discard units accroding to 'skip'.
 */
void ff_cbs_discard_units(CodedBitstreamContext *ctx,
                          CodedBitstreamFragment *frag,
                          enum AVDiscard skip,
                          int flags);


/**
 * Helper function for read tracing which formats the syntax element
 * and logs the result.
 *
 * Trace context should be set to the CodedBitstreamContext.
 */
void ff_cbs_trace_read_log(void *trace_context,
                           struct GetBitContext *gbc, int length,
                           const char *str, const int *subscripts,
                           int64_t value);

/**
 * Helper function for write tracing which formats the syntax element
 * and logs the result.
 *
 * Trace context should be set to the CodedBitstreamContext.
 */
void ff_cbs_trace_write_log(void *trace_context,
                            struct PutBitContext *pbc, int length,
                            const char *str, const int *subscripts,
                            int64_t value);

#endif /* AVCODEC_CBS_H */