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FFmpeg/libavutil/libm.h
Ganesh Ajjanagadde dd68cde28a lavu/libm: add erf hack and make dynaudnorm available everywhere
Source code is from Boost:
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_46_1/boost/math/special_functions/erf.hpp
with appropriate modifications for FFmpeg.

Tested on interval -6 to 6 (beyond which it saturates), +/-NAN, +/-INFINITY
under -fsanitize=undefined on clang to test for possible undefined behavior.

This function turns out to actually be essentially as accurate and faster than the
libm (GNU/BSD's/Mac OS X), and I can think of 3 reasons why upstream
does not use this:
1. They are not aware of it.
2. They are concerned about licensing - this applies especially to GNU
libm.
3. They do not know and/or appreciate the benefits of rational
approximations over polynomial approximations. Boost uses them to great
effect, see e.g swr/resample for bessel derived from them, which is also
similarly superior to libm variants.

First, performance.
sample benchmark (clang -O3, Haswell, GNU/Linux):

3e8 values evenly spaced from 0 to 6
time (libm):
./test  13.39s user 0.00s system 100% cpu 13.376 total
time (boost based):
./test  9.20s user 0.00s system 100% cpu 9.190 total

Second, accuracy.
1e8 eval pts from 0 to 6
maxdiff (absolute): 2.2204460492503131e-16
occuring at point where libm erf is correctly rounded, this is not.

Illustration of superior rounding of this function:
arg   : 0.83999999999999997
erf   : 0.76514271145499457
boost : 0.76514271145499446
real  : 0.76514271145499446

i.e libm is actually incorrectly rounded. Note that this is clear from:
https://github.com/JuliaLang/openlibm/blob/master/src/s_erf.c (the Sun
implementation used by both BSD and GNU libm's), where only 1 ulp is
guaranteed.

Reasons it is not easy/worthwhile to create a "correctly rounded"
variant of this function (i.e 0.5ulp):
1. Upstream libm's don't do it anyway, so we can't guarantee this unless
we force this implementation on all platforms. This is not easy, as the
linker would complain unless measures are taken.
2. Nothing in FFmpeg cares or can care about such things, due to the
above and FFmpeg's nature.
3. Creating a correctly rounded function will in practice need some use of long
double/fma. long double, although C89/C90, unfortunately has problems on
ppc. This needs fixing of toolchain flags/configure. In any case this
will be slower for miniscule gain.

Reviewed-by: James Almer <jamrial@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ganesh Ajjanagadde <gajjanagadde@gmail.com>
2015-12-21 09:03:11 -08:00

453 lines
13 KiB
C

/*
* erf function: Copyright (c) 2006 John Maddock
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
/**
* @file
* Replacements for frequently missing libm functions
*/
#ifndef AVUTIL_LIBM_H
#define AVUTIL_LIBM_H
#include <math.h>
#include "config.h"
#include "attributes.h"
#include "intfloat.h"
#if HAVE_MIPSFPU && HAVE_INLINE_ASM
#include "libavutil/mips/libm_mips.h"
#endif /* HAVE_MIPSFPU && HAVE_INLINE_ASM*/
#if !HAVE_ATANF
#undef atanf
#define atanf(x) ((float)atan(x))
#endif
#if !HAVE_ATAN2F
#undef atan2f
#define atan2f(y, x) ((float)atan2(y, x))
#endif
#if !HAVE_POWF
#undef powf
#define powf(x, y) ((float)pow(x, y))
#endif
#if !HAVE_CBRT
static av_always_inline double cbrt(double x)
{
return x < 0 ? -pow(-x, 1.0 / 3.0) : pow(x, 1.0 / 3.0);
}
#endif
#if !HAVE_CBRTF
static av_always_inline float cbrtf(float x)
{
return x < 0 ? -powf(-x, 1.0 / 3.0) : powf(x, 1.0 / 3.0);
}
#endif
#if !HAVE_COPYSIGN
static av_always_inline double copysign(double x, double y)
{
uint64_t vx = av_double2int(x);
uint64_t vy = av_double2int(y);
return av_int2double((vx & UINT64_C(0x7fffffffffffffff)) | (vy & UINT64_C(0x8000000000000000)));
}
#endif
#if !HAVE_COSF
#undef cosf
#define cosf(x) ((float)cos(x))
#endif
#if !HAVE_ERF
static inline double ff_eval_poly(const double *coeff, int size, double x) {
double sum = coeff[size-1];
int i;
for (i = size-2; i >= 0; --i) {
sum *= x;
sum += coeff[i];
}
return sum;
}
/**
* erf function
* Algorithm taken from the Boost project, source:
* http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_46_1/boost/math/special_functions/erf.hpp
* Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
* Boost Software License, Version 1.0 (see notice below).
* Boost Software License - Version 1.0 - August 17th, 2003
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
do so, all subject to the following:
The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
a source language processor.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/
static inline double erf(double z)
{
#ifndef FF_ARRAY_ELEMS
#define FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
#endif
double result;
/* handle the symmetry: erf(-x) = -erf(x) */
if (z < 0)
return -erf(-z);
/* branch based on range of z, and pick appropriate approximation */
if (z == 0)
return 0;
else if (z < 1e-10)
return z * 1.125 + z * 0.003379167095512573896158903121545171688;
else if (z < 0.5) {
// Maximum Deviation Found: 1.561e-17
// Expected Error Term: 1.561e-17
// Maximum Relative Change in Control Points: 1.155e-04
// Max Error found at double precision = 2.961182e-17
static const double y = 1.044948577880859375;
static const double p[] = {
0.0834305892146531832907,
-0.338165134459360935041,
-0.0509990735146777432841,
-0.00772758345802133288487,
-0.000322780120964605683831,
};
static const double q[] = {
1,
0.455004033050794024546,
0.0875222600142252549554,
0.00858571925074406212772,
0.000370900071787748000569,
};
double zz = z * z;
return z * (y + ff_eval_poly(p, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(p), zz) / ff_eval_poly(q, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(q), zz));
}
/* here onwards compute erfc */
else if (z < 1.5) {
// Maximum Deviation Found: 3.702e-17
// Expected Error Term: 3.702e-17
// Maximum Relative Change in Control Points: 2.845e-04
// Max Error found at double precision = 4.841816e-17
static const double y = 0.405935764312744140625;
static const double p[] = {
-0.098090592216281240205,
0.178114665841120341155,
0.191003695796775433986,
0.0888900368967884466578,
0.0195049001251218801359,
0.00180424538297014223957,
};
static const double q[] = {
1,
1.84759070983002217845,
1.42628004845511324508,
0.578052804889902404909,
0.12385097467900864233,
0.0113385233577001411017,
0.337511472483094676155e-5,
};
result = y + ff_eval_poly(p, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(p), z - 0.5) / ff_eval_poly(q, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(q), z - 0.5);
result *= exp(-z * z) / z;
return 1 - result;
}
else if (z < 2.5) {
// Max Error found at double precision = 6.599585e-18
// Maximum Deviation Found: 3.909e-18
// Expected Error Term: 3.909e-18
// Maximum Relative Change in Control Points: 9.886e-05
static const double y = 0.50672817230224609375;
static const double p[] = {
-0.0243500476207698441272,
0.0386540375035707201728,
0.04394818964209516296,
0.0175679436311802092299,
0.00323962406290842133584,
0.000235839115596880717416,
};
static const double q[] = {
1,
1.53991494948552447182,
0.982403709157920235114,
0.325732924782444448493,
0.0563921837420478160373,
0.00410369723978904575884,
};
result = y + ff_eval_poly(p, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(p), z - 1.5) / ff_eval_poly(q, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(q), z - 1.5);
result *= exp(-z * z) / z;
return 1 - result;
}
else if (z < 4.5) {
// Maximum Deviation Found: 1.512e-17
// Expected Error Term: 1.512e-17
// Maximum Relative Change in Control Points: 2.222e-04
// Max Error found at double precision = 2.062515e-17
static const double y = 0.5405750274658203125;
static const double p[] = {
0.00295276716530971662634,
0.0137384425896355332126,
0.00840807615555585383007,
0.00212825620914618649141,
0.000250269961544794627958,
0.113212406648847561139e-4,
};
static const double q[] = {
1,
1.04217814166938418171,
0.442597659481563127003,
0.0958492726301061423444,
0.0105982906484876531489,
0.000479411269521714493907,
};
result = y + ff_eval_poly(p, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(p), z - 3.5) / ff_eval_poly(q, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(q), z - 3.5);
result *= exp(-z * z) / z;
return 1 - result;
}
/* differ from Boost here, the claim of underflow of erfc(x) past 5.8 is
* slightly incorrect, change to 5.92
* (really somewhere between 5.9125 and 5.925 is when it saturates) */
else if (z < 5.92) {
// Max Error found at double precision = 2.997958e-17
// Maximum Deviation Found: 2.860e-17
// Expected Error Term: 2.859e-17
// Maximum Relative Change in Control Points: 1.357e-05
static const double y = 0.5579090118408203125;
static const double p[] = {
0.00628057170626964891937,
0.0175389834052493308818,
-0.212652252872804219852,
-0.687717681153649930619,
-2.5518551727311523996,
-3.22729451764143718517,
-2.8175401114513378771,
};
static const double q[] = {
1,
2.79257750980575282228,
11.0567237927800161565,
15.930646027911794143,
22.9367376522880577224,
13.5064170191802889145,
5.48409182238641741584,
};
result = y + ff_eval_poly(p, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(p), 1 / z) / ff_eval_poly(q, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(q), 1 / z);
result *= exp(-z * z) / z;
return 1 - result;
}
/* handle the nan case, but don't use isnan for max portability */
else if (z != z)
return z;
/* finally return saturated result */
else
return 1;
}
#endif
#if !HAVE_EXPF
#undef expf
#define expf(x) ((float)exp(x))
#endif
#if !HAVE_EXP2
#undef exp2
#define exp2(x) exp((x) * 0.693147180559945)
#endif /* HAVE_EXP2 */
#if !HAVE_EXP2F
#undef exp2f
#define exp2f(x) ((float)exp2(x))
#endif /* HAVE_EXP2F */
#if !HAVE_ISINF
#undef isinf
/* Note: these do not follow the BSD/Apple/GNU convention of returning -1 for
-Inf, +1 for Inf, 0 otherwise, but merely follow the POSIX/ISO mandated spec of
returning a non-zero value for +/-Inf, 0 otherwise. */
static av_always_inline av_const int avpriv_isinff(float x)
{
uint32_t v = av_float2int(x);
if ((v & 0x7f800000) != 0x7f800000)
return 0;
return !(v & 0x007fffff);
}
static av_always_inline av_const int avpriv_isinf(double x)
{
uint64_t v = av_double2int(x);
if ((v & 0x7ff0000000000000) != 0x7ff0000000000000)
return 0;
return !(v & 0x000fffffffffffff);
}
#define isinf(x) \
(sizeof(x) == sizeof(float) \
? avpriv_isinff(x) \
: avpriv_isinf(x))
#endif /* HAVE_ISINF */
#if !HAVE_ISNAN
static av_always_inline av_const int avpriv_isnanf(float x)
{
uint32_t v = av_float2int(x);
if ((v & 0x7f800000) != 0x7f800000)
return 0;
return v & 0x007fffff;
}
static av_always_inline av_const int avpriv_isnan(double x)
{
uint64_t v = av_double2int(x);
if ((v & 0x7ff0000000000000) != 0x7ff0000000000000)
return 0;
return (v & 0x000fffffffffffff) && 1;
}
#define isnan(x) \
(sizeof(x) == sizeof(float) \
? avpriv_isnanf(x) \
: avpriv_isnan(x))
#endif /* HAVE_ISNAN */
#if !HAVE_HYPOT
#undef hypot
static inline av_const double hypot(double x, double y)
{
double ret, temp;
x = fabs(x);
y = fabs(y);
if (isinf(x) || isinf(y))
return av_int2double(0x7ff0000000000000);
if (x == 0 || y == 0)
return x + y;
if (x < y) {
temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;
}
y = y/x;
return x*sqrt(1 + y*y);
}
#endif /* HAVE_HYPOT */
#if !HAVE_LDEXPF
#undef ldexpf
#define ldexpf(x, exp) ((float)ldexp(x, exp))
#endif
#if !HAVE_LLRINT
#undef llrint
#define llrint(x) ((long long)rint(x))
#endif /* HAVE_LLRINT */
#if !HAVE_LLRINTF
#undef llrintf
#define llrintf(x) ((long long)rint(x))
#endif /* HAVE_LLRINT */
#if !HAVE_LOG2
#undef log2
#define log2(x) (log(x) * 1.44269504088896340736)
#endif /* HAVE_LOG2 */
#if !HAVE_LOG2F
#undef log2f
#define log2f(x) ((float)log2(x))
#endif /* HAVE_LOG2F */
#if !HAVE_LOG10F
#undef log10f
#define log10f(x) ((float)log10(x))
#endif
#if !HAVE_SINF
#undef sinf
#define sinf(x) ((float)sin(x))
#endif
#if !HAVE_RINT
static inline double rint(double x)
{
return x >= 0 ? floor(x + 0.5) : ceil(x - 0.5);
}
#endif /* HAVE_RINT */
#if !HAVE_LRINT
static av_always_inline av_const long int lrint(double x)
{
return rint(x);
}
#endif /* HAVE_LRINT */
#if !HAVE_LRINTF
static av_always_inline av_const long int lrintf(float x)
{
return (int)(rint(x));
}
#endif /* HAVE_LRINTF */
#if !HAVE_ROUND
static av_always_inline av_const double round(double x)
{
return (x > 0) ? floor(x + 0.5) : ceil(x - 0.5);
}
#endif /* HAVE_ROUND */
#if !HAVE_ROUNDF
static av_always_inline av_const float roundf(float x)
{
return (x > 0) ? floor(x + 0.5) : ceil(x - 0.5);
}
#endif /* HAVE_ROUNDF */
#if !HAVE_TRUNC
static av_always_inline av_const double trunc(double x)
{
return (x > 0) ? floor(x) : ceil(x);
}
#endif /* HAVE_TRUNC */
#if !HAVE_TRUNCF
static av_always_inline av_const float truncf(float x)
{
return (x > 0) ? floor(x) : ceil(x);
}
#endif /* HAVE_TRUNCF */
#endif /* AVUTIL_LIBM_H */