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Add coding standards document.
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David Steele
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CODING.md
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143
CODING.md
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# pgBackRest <br/> Coding Standards
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## Standards
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### Indentation
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Indentation is four spaces -- no tabs. Only file types that absolutely require tabs (e.g. `Makefile`) may use them.
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### Naming
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#### Variables
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Variable names use camel case with the first letter lower-case.
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- `stanzaName` - the name of the stanza
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- `nameIdx` - loop variable for iterating through a list of names
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Variable names should be descriptive. Avoid `i`, `j`, etc.
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#### Types
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Type names use camel case with the first letter upper case:
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`typedef struct MemContext <...>`
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`typedef enum {<...>} ErrorState;`
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#### Constants
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**#define Constants**
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`#define` constants should be all caps with `_` separators.
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```
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#DEFINE MY_CONSTANT "STRING"
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```
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The value should be aligned at column 69 whenever possible.
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This type of constant should mostly be used for strings. Use enums whenever possible for integer constants.
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**Enum Constants**
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Enum elements follow the same case rules as variables. They are strongly typed so this shouldn't present any confusion.
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```
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typedef enum
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{
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cipherModeEncrypt,
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cipherModeDecrypt,
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} CipherMode;
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```
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Note the comma after the last element. This reduces diff churn when new elements are added.
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#### Macros
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Macro names should be upper-case with underscores between words. Macros (except simple constants) should be avoided whenever possible as they make code less clear and test coverage harder to measure.
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Macros should follow the format:
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```
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#define MACRO(paramName1, paramName2) \
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<code>
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```
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If the macro defines a block it should look like:
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```
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#define MACRO_2(paramName1, paramName2) \
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{ \
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<code> \
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}
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```
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Continuation characters should be aligned at column 132 (unlike the examples above that have been shortened for display purposes).
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To avoid conflicts, variables in a macro will be named `[macro name]_[var name]`, e.g. `TEST_RESULT_resultExpected`. Variables that need to be accessed in wrapped code should be provided accessor macros.
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#### Begin / End
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Use `Begin` / `End` for names rather than `Start` / `Finish`, etc.
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#### New / Free
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Use `New` / `Free` for constructors and destructors rather than `Create` / `Destroy`, etc.
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### Formatting
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#### Braces
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C allows braces to be excluded for a single statement. However, braces should be used when the control statement (if, while, etc.) spans more than one line or the statement to be executed spans more than one line.
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No braces needed:
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```
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if (condition)
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return value;
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```
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Braces needed:
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```
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if (conditionThatUsesEntireLine1 &&
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conditionThatUsesEntireLine2)
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{
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return value;
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}
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```
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```
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if (condition)
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{
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return
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valueThatUsesEntireLine1 &&
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valueThatUsesEntireLine2;
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}
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```
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## Language Elements
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### Data Types
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Don't get exotic - use the simplest type that will work.
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Use `int` or `unsigned int` for general cases. `int` will be at least 32 bits. When not using `int` use one of the types defined in `common/type.h`.
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### Macros
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Don't use a macro when a function could be used instead. Macros make it hard to measure code coverage.
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### Objects
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Object-oriented programming is used extensively. The object pointer is always referred to as `this`.
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## Testing
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### Uncoverable/Uncovered Code
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#### Uncoverable Code
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The `uncoverable` keyword marks code that can never be covered. For instance, a function that never returns because it always throws a error. Uncoverable code should be rare to non-existent outside the common libraries and test code.
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```
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} // {uncoverable - function throws error so never returns}
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```
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Subsequent code that is uncoverable for the same reason is marked with `// {+uncoverable}`.
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#### Uncovered Code
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Marks code that is not tested for one reason or another. This should be kept to a minimum and an excuse given for each instance.
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```
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exit(EXIT_FAILURE); // {uncoverable - test harness does not support non-zero exit}
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```
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Subsequent code that is uncovered for the same reason is marked with `// {+uncovered}`.
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@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
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<source key="user-guide"/>
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<source key="reference" type="custom"/>
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<source key="release" type="custom"/>
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<source key="coding"/>
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<source key="test"/>
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</source-list>
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@ -90,6 +91,7 @@
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<render type="markdown">
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<render-source key="index" file="../../../README.md"/>
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<render-source key="coding" file="../../../CODING.md"/>
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<render-source key="test" file="../../../test/README.md"/>
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</render>
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</render-list>
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202
doc/xml/coding.xml
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202
doc/xml/coding.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE doc SYSTEM "doc.dtd">
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<doc title="{[project]}" subtitle="Coding Standards" toc="y">
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<description>{[project]} Coding Standard.</description>
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<section id="standards">
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<title>Standards</title>
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<section id="indentation">
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<title>Indentation</title>
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<p>Indentation is four spaces -- no tabs. Only file types that absolutely require tabs (e.g. `Makefile`) may use them.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="naming">
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<title>Naming</title>
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<section id="variables">
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<title>Variables</title>
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<p>Variable names use camel case with the first letter lower-case.</p>
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<list>
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<list-item><id>stanzaName</id> - the name of the stanza</list-item>
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<list-item><id>nameIdx</id> - loop variable for iterating through a list of names</list-item>
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</list>
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<p>Variable names should be descriptive. Avoid <id>i</id>, <id>j</id>, etc.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="types">
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<title>Types</title>
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<p>Type names use camel case with the first letter upper case:
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<code>typedef struct MemContext <...></code>
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<code>typedef enum {<...>} ErrorState;</code></p>
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</section>
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<section id="constants">
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<title>Constants</title>
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<p><b>#define Constants</b></p>
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<p><code>#define</code> constants should be all caps with <id>_</id> separators.</p>
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<code-block>
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#DEFINE MY_CONSTANT "STRING"
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</code-block>
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<p>The value should be aligned at column 69 whenever possible.</p>
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<p>This type of constant should mostly be used for strings. Use enums whenever possible for integer constants.</p>
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<p><b>Enum Constants</b></p>
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<p>Enum elements follow the same case rules as variables. They are strongly typed so this shouldn't present any confusion.</p>
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<code-block>
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typedef enum
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{
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cipherModeEncrypt,
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cipherModeDecrypt,
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} CipherMode;
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</code-block>
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<p>Note the comma after the last element. This reduces diff churn when new elements are added.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="macros">
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<title>Macros</title>
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<p>Macro names should be upper-case with underscores between words. Macros (except simple constants) should be avoided whenever possible as they make code less clear and test coverage harder to measure.</p>
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<p>Macros should follow the format:</p>
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<code-block>
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#define MACRO(paramName1, paramName2) \
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<code>
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</code-block>
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<p>If the macro defines a block it should look like:</p>
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<code-block>
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#define MACRO_2(paramName1, paramName2) \
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{ \
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<code> \
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}
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</code-block>
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<p>Continuation characters should be aligned at column 132 (unlike the examples above that have been shortened for display purposes).</p>
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<p>To avoid conflicts, variables in a macro will be named <id>[macro name]_[var name]</id>, e.g. <id>TEST_RESULT_resultExpected</id>. Variables that need to be accessed in wrapped code should be provided accessor macros.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="begin-end">
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<title>Begin / End</title>
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<p>Use <id>Begin</id> / <id>End</id> for names rather than <id>Start</id> / <id>Finish</id>, etc.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="new-free">
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<title>New / Free</title>
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<p>Use <id>New</id> / <id>Free</id> for constructors and destructors rather than <id>Create</id> / <id>Destroy</id>, etc.</p>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id="formatting">
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<title>Formatting</title>
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<section id="braces">
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<title>Braces</title>
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<p>C allows braces to be excluded for a single statement. However, braces should be used when the control statement (if, while, etc.) spans more than one line or the statement to be executed spans more than one line.</p>
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<p>No braces needed:</p>
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<code-block>
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if (condition)
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return value;
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</code-block>
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<p>Braces needed:</p>
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<code-block>
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if (conditionThatUsesEntireLine1 &&
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conditionThatUsesEntireLine2)
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{
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return value;
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}
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</code-block>
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<code-block>
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if (condition)
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{
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return
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valueThatUsesEntireLine1 &&
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valueThatUsesEntireLine2;
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}
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</code-block>
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</section>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id="language-elements">
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<title>Language Elements</title>
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<section id="data-types">
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<title>Data Types</title>
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<p>Don't get exotic - use the simplest type that will work.
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Use <id>int</id> or <id>unsigned int</id> for general cases. <id>int</id> will be at least 32 bits. When not using <id>int</id> use one of the types defined in <file>common/type.h</file>.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="macros">
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<title>Macros</title>
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<p>Don't use a macro when a function could be used instead. Macros make it hard to measure code coverage.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="objects">
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<title>Objects</title>
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<p>Object-oriented programming is used extensively. The object pointer is always referred to as <id>this</id>.</p>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id="testing">
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<title>Testing</title>
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<section id="uncoverable-uncovered">
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<title>Uncoverable/Uncovered Code</title>
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<section id="uncoverable">
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<title>Uncoverable Code</title>
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<p>The <id>uncoverable</id> keyword marks code that can never be covered. For instance, a function that never returns because it always throws a error. Uncoverable code should be rare to non-existent outside the common libraries and test code.</p>
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<code-block>
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} // {uncoverable - function throws error so never returns}
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</code-block>
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<p>Subsequent code that is uncoverable for the same reason is marked with <code>// {+uncoverable}</code>.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="uncovered">
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<title>Uncovered Code</title>
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<p>Marks code that is not tested for one reason or another. This should be kept to a minimum and an excuse given for each instance.</p>
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<code-block>
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exit(EXIT_FAILURE); // {uncoverable - test harness does not support non-zero exit}
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</code-block>
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<p>Subsequent code that is uncovered for the same reason is marked with `// {+uncovered}`.</p>
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</section>
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</section>
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</section>
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</doc>
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@ -46,6 +46,10 @@
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<release-item>
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<p>Split <quote>refactor</quote> sections into <quote>improvements</quote> and <quote>development</quote> in the release notes. Many development notes are not relevant to users and simply clutter the release notes, so they are no longer shown on the website.</p>
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</release-item>
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<release-item>
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<p>Add coding standards document.</p>
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</release-item>
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</release-development-list>
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</release-doc-list>
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</release>
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