As calculated this size is not correct since it does not include the parts of prior block incrementals that are required to make the current block incremental valid. At best this could be approximated and the resulting values might be very confusing.
For now, at least, exclude this metric for block incremental backups.
xxHash is significantly faster than SHA-1 so this helps reduce the overhead of the feature.
A variable number of bytes are used from the xxHash depending on the block size with a minimum of six bytes for the smallest block size. This keeps the maps smaller while still providing enough bits to detect block changes.
Small blocks sizes can lead to reduced compression efficiency, so allow multiple blocks to be compressed together in a super block. The disadvantage is that the super block must be read sequentially to retrieve blocks. However, different super block sizes can be used for different backup types, so the full backup super block sizes are large for compression efficiency and diff/incr are smaller for retrieval efficiency.
Forks may update pg_control version or WAL magic without affecting the structures that pgBackRest depends on.
This option forces pgBackRest to treat a cluster as the specified version when it cannot be automatically identified.
When restoring an offline backup on PostgreSQL >= 12, skip writing recovery.signal by default since this will error if the backup was made with wal_level=minimal. If the user explicitly sets the type option to something other than none, then write recovery.signal as usual since it is possible to do Point-In-Time-Recovery from an offline backup as long as wal_level was not minimal.
Raw encryption was already being used for block incremental. This commit adds raw compression to block incremental where possible (see da918587).
Raw compression/encryption is also added to bundling for a backup set when block incremental is enabled on the full backup. This prevents a break in backward compatibility since block incremental is not backward compatible.
Raw format saves 12 bytes of header for gzip and 4 bytes of checksum for lz4 (plus CPU overhead). This may not seem like much, but over millions of small files or incremental blocks can really add up. Even though it may be a relatively small percentage of the overall backup size it is still objectively a large amount of data.
Use raw format for protocol compression to exercise the feature.
Raw compression format will be added to bundling and block incremental in a followup commit.
Make the interface object the parent of the driver object rather than the interface being allocated directly in the driver object.
The prior method was more efficient when mem contexts had a much higher cost. Now mem contexts are cheap so it makes more sense to structure the objects in a way that works better with mem context auditing. This also means the mem context does not need to be stored separately since it can be extracted directly from the interface object.
There are other areas that need to get the same improvement before the specialized objMoveContext() and objFreeContext() functions can be removed.
This flag does not currently affect restore behavior but it will in an upcoming commit. Set the flag here to simplify the test diff in the upcoming commit.
It is possible for a group index to be created for an option that is later found to not meet dependencies. In this case all values would be default leading to a phantom group, which can be quite confusing.
Remove group indexes that are all default (except the final one) and make sure the key for the final all default group index is 1.
The code is not completely reflowed yet so there are some cases that uncrustify will not catch. The formatting will be improved over time.
Some block of code require special formatting so have been surrounded with the {uncrustify-off}/{uncrustify-on} markers. These exceptions should be kept to a minimum.
Add --code-format (to reformat code) and --code-format-check (to check formatting) to test.pl.
Add a CI test that will check code formatting. Code must be correctly formatted before it can be merge to integration.
Add documentation to the coding standards for code formatting.
uncrustify has been configured to be as close to the current format as possible but the following changes were required:
* Break long struct initializiers out of function calls.
* Bit fields get extra spacing.
* Strings that continue from the previous line no longer indented.
* Ternary operators that do not fit on a single line moved to the next line first.
* Align under parens for multi-line if statements.
* Macros in header #if blocks are no longer indented.
* Purposeful lack of function indentation in tests has been removed.
Currently uncrustify does not completely reflow the code so there are some edge cases that might not be caught. However, this still represents a huge improvement and the formatting can be refined going forward.
Support code for uncrustify will be in a followup commit.
Bring the format(printf) attribute in line with the FN_NO_RETURN and FN_INLINE_ALWAYS macros.
This is simpler to read and can be customized for different compilers.
stackTraceToZ() was split this way in c8264291 to allow complete coverage. 0becb6da added a shim to improve coveage but missed simplifying the function.
Improvements:
* Remove support for PostgreSQL 9.0/9.1/9.2. (Reviewed by Stefan Fercot.)
* Restore errors when no backup matches the current version of PostgreSQL. (Contributed by Stefan Fercot. Reviewed by David Steele. Suggested by Soulou.)
* Add compress-level range checking for each compress-type. (Reviewed by Stefan Fercot. Suggested by gkleen, ViperRu.)
Documentation Improvements:
* Add warning about enabling "hierarchical namespace" on Azure storage. (Reviewed by Stefan Fercot. Suggested by Vojtech Galda, Pluggi, asjonos.)
* Add replacement for linefeeds in monitoring example. (Reviewed by Stefan Fercot. Suggested by rudonx, gmustdie, Ivan Shelestov.)
* Clarify target-action behavior on various PostgreSQL versions. (Contributed by Chris Bandy. Reviewed by David Steele, Anton Kurochkin, Stefan Fercot. Suggested by Anton Kurochkin, Chris Bandy.)
* Updates and clarifications to index page. (Reviewed by Stefan Fercot.)
* Add dark mode to the website. (Suggested by Stephen Frost.)
Running valgrind and backtrace together has been causing tests to timeout in CI, mostly likely due to limited resources. This has not been a problem in normal development environments.
Since it is still important to run backtraces for debugging, split the u22 test that was doing all this work to run coverage and backtrace together and valgrind-only as a separate test. As a bonus these tests run faster separately and since they run in parallel the total execution time is faster.
The primary goal of the block incremental backup is to save space in the repository by only storing changed parts of a file rather than the entire file. This implementation is focused on restore performance more than saving space in the repository, though there may be substantial savings depending on the workload.
The repo-block option enables the feature (when repo-bundle is already enabled). The block size is determined based on the file size and age. Very old or very small files will not use block incremental.
The callbacks in iniLoad() made the downstream code more complicated than it needed to be so use an iterator model instead.
Combine the two functions that were used to load the ini data to remove code duplication. In theory it would be nice to use iniValueNext() in the config/parse module rather than loading a KeyValue store but this would mean a big change to the parser, which does not seem worthwhile at this time.
It is possible for functions to accidentally leak child contexts into the calling context, which may use a lot of memory depending on the use case and where it happens.
Use the function return type to determine what should be returned and error when something else is returned. Add FUNCTION_AUDIT_*() macros to handle exceptions.
This checking is only performed during unit tests on the code being covered by the specific unit test.
Note that this does not work yet for memory allocations, i.e. memNew(). These are pretty rare so are not as much of an issue and they can be added in the future.
Allocating memory made these functions simpler but it meant that memory was leaking into the calling context when logging was enabled. It is not clear that this was an issue but it seems that trace level logging could result it a lot of memory usage depending on the use case.
This also makes it possible to audit allocations returned to the calling context, which will be done in a followup commit.
Also rename objToLog() to objNameToLog() since it seemed logical to name the new function objToLog().
This fills in backtrace info at the bottom of the call stack when the stack trace is incomplete due to testing. This does not affect release builds, which is why it did not make the first cut, but it turns out to be useful for testing and barely changes the release code (when we do release this).
The recursion test in common/error was simplified because it would now return a very large trace.
The error detail should be output when the error is an assert (this part was working) or the log level is at least debug. In cases where log-level-console was at least debug but log-level-stderr was not the detail was lost.
Improve the range checking to output error detail to stderr when log-level-console is at least debug.
The libbacktrace feature has not been working since the move to meson because libbacktrace detection was not added to the meson build. Add libbacktrace to meson and improve the feature so that it can be compiled into release builds.
The prior implementation fetched line numbers with each stack trace push. Not only was this slow but it missed any functions that were not being tracked on our stack.
Instead just examine the backtrace when an error happens and merge it with the info we have on our stack. If the backtrace is not available then the output remains as before.
Also remove --backtrace from test.pl since the library is now auto-detected.
Leave this library out of the production build for now to give it a little time to shake out in testing.
When this code was migrated to C the unit tests were not included because there were more important priorities at the time.
This also requires some adjustments to coverage because of the new code location.
BUFFER_EXTERN() provides a clean way to create buffer constants.
Convert HASH_TYPE_SHA256_ZERO_STR to HASH_TYPE_SHA256_ZERO_BUF to be consistent with HASH_TYPE_SHA1_ZERO_BUF.
This should make it a little clearer what the variable (VR) macros are doing since the declaration/definition cannot both be set to extern (but functions can).
Splitting the variable macros out also allows them to be changed in the future with little churn, while changing the function macro creates a large amount of churn.
This is immediately useful because it will detect any extern'd functions or variables that are not being used. It also detects functions or variables that are declared but not defined.
If a FV/VR_EXTERN macro is missing it will be detected either because of a mismatch in the declaration/definition or because a new defined symbol will appear in the nm test.
Eventually the unity build will be used to create a more optimized pgbackrest binary but that will need to wait.
Similar to b9be4fa5, these functions are not used by the core code so move them to the build module. The new implementation is a little less efficient but that is much less of a worry in the build/test code.
Also remove regExpMatchSize() since it was not longer needed.
Neither of these functions were used by the core code. strReplace() is only used in the tests but it doesn't hurt to put it in build since the build code is not distributed.
This was done by checking the extension but it is possible to include a module that does not have a vendor or auto extension. Instead make it explicit that the module is included in another module.
Also change the variable from "include" to "included" to make it clearer what it indicates.
It is probably not a good idea to restore the latest backup when it was not made from the current PostgreSQL version. If there is no backup after a stanza-upgrade then replicas might be built with a prior version leading to failures.
Add an error in this case if the latest backup would be used, i.e. --set or --type=time/lsn is not specified.
The prior range checking was done based on the valid values for gz. While this worked it was a subset of what is available for lz4 and zst.
Allow the range to be specified for each compress-type. Adding this functionality to the parse module would be a better solution but that is a bigger project than this fix deserves, at least for now.
Calculate a checksum of the data stored in the repository when a file is transformed (e.g. compressed). This allows resume and verify to operate without needing to decompress/decrypt the data.
This can also be used to verify more complex formats such as block incremental and allow backups from the repository without needing to decompress the data to verify the checksum.
Add some basic encrypted tests to maintain coverage. These will be expanded in a future commit.
Manifest checksums were stored as hex-encoded strings due to legacy compatibility with Perl. Storing the checksums as binary in memory uses half the space and avoids many conversions.
There is no change to the on-disk manifest format which stores the checksum as a hex-encoded string.
Our new policy is to support ten versions of PostgreSQL, the five supported releases and the last five EOL releases. As of PostgreSQL 15, that means 9.0/9.1/9.2 are no longer supported by pgBackRest.
Remove all logic associated with 9.0/9.1/9.2 and update the tests.
Document the new support policy.
Update InfoPg to read/write control versions for the history in backup.info, since we can no longer rely on the mappings being available. In theory this could have been an issue after removing 8.3/8.4 if anybody was using a version that old.
This avoids constructs such as decodeToBin(encodeBase64, ...) which are confusing since decode and encode are used in the same function call. decodeToBin(encodingBase64, ...) makes it clearer what is happening.
The storageNewItrP() permissions test was running twice with the errorOnMissing flag set to false. Fix by setting to true for one test.
Also update the comments to be clearer about what the tests are doing and fix minor formatting.
This allows test backups to be run in other test modules.
It is likely that more logic will be moved here but for now this suffices to get test backups working in the restore module.
When loading prior manifests without the new reference list, the code failed to add the current backup to the reference list. Since the current backup is never explicitly referenced, building references from the file list was not sufficient to generate a complete list.
The main problem here was a bad test, fixed in 28f6604. This masked the issue and prevented it from being found. Now it is clear in the test that the current label is missing from the reference list.
Fix by adding the current label to the reference list if a reference list is not stored in the manifest.
Changing the label of a manifest that already had a label was not a good test and it ended up masking a bug where the current backup label was not being added to the reference list on manifest load, since manifestBackupLabelSet() added the label to the reference list. In fact, manifestBackupLabelSet() should never be called after a manifest load or even after the label has been set.
Add an assertion to prevent manifestBackupLabelSet() being called when the label is already set.
The bug exposed here will be fixed in a subsequent commit.
Hopefully this will make it a little clearer to the user what is wrong when they specify an indexed option without an index.
Also fix an ambiguous use of cfgParseOptionP(). The prior code worked in that it set prefixMatch = true but it was not very readable.
Bug Fixes:
* Fix memory leak in file bundle backup/restore. (Reviewed by John Morris, Oscar. Reported by Oscar.)
* Fix protocol error on short read of remote file. (Reviewed by Stephen Frost.)
Improvements:
* Do not store references for zero-length files when bundling. (Reviewed by Stefan Fercot.)
* Use more generic descriptions for pg_start_backup()/pg_stop_backup(). (Reviewed by Greg Sabino Mullane, David Christensen. Suggested by Greg Sabino Mullane.)
Test Suite Improvements:
* Update test.pl --psql-bin option to match command-line help. (Contributed by Koshi Shibagaki. Reviewed by David Steele.)
The option to specify the path to psql was shown in the command-line help as --psql-bin but the option was actually named --pgsql-bin.
Rename to match the help so they are consistent.
The magic in the header is only required so that command-line openssl will recognize the file as being encrypted. In cases where the encrypted data cannot be read with the command-line tool it makes sense to omit the header magic to save some space.
Unfortunately this cannot be enabled for file bundling because it would break backward compatibility. However, it should be possible to enable it for the combination of bundling and block incremental.
The prior code required coverage in the storage/remote module for all filters that could be used remotely.
Now the filter handlers are set at runtime so any filter list can be used with a remote. This is more flexible and makes coverage testing easier. It also resolves a test dependency.
Move the command/remote unit test near the end so it will have access to all filters without using depends.
This flag skips truncation when opening a file for write on drivers that support it, currently Posix and CIFS. This is convenient for cases where the file needs to be manipulated directly using the file descriptor. Using the file descriptor is not ideal and additional functionality should be added to the storage interface, but for now at least this avoids code duplication, especially on close which updates owners, the timestamp, syncs, etc.
The remote driver forbids no truncate because a file descriptor is never available for a remote storage write object.
Update two instances in the current code which benefit from this new functionality, but the primary reason for the change is to support more complex restore deltas in the upcoming block incremental feature.
If a remote file read was stopped before the read was complete or if an error occurred in the middle of the read then the protocol would end up in a bad state and produce this error:
ProtocolError: client state is 'data-get' but expected 'idle'
Prevent this by reading the rest of the file on close() or free() to leave the protocol in an idle state for the next command.
This was a possible issue for bundling because the amount to read is known in advance and therefore eof may not be reached. However, I was only able to reproduce this issue with unreleased code.
On error this issue would cause the original error to be lost. The process may still fail with this fix (if the error comes from another source) but hopefully we'll get better information about the original error.
The names were changed in PostgreSQL 15, so update the code and docs to make the naming more generic where needed to avoid using a version-specific name in the logs and documentation.
The prior result was hex-encoded, which is not optimal. This was legacy from the interface with Perl and then the JSON protocol. The new binary protocol natively supports binary so it makes sense to use it and convert to hex where needed.
A number of these hex conversions can now be removed but that will need to be handled in another commit.
This makes it more efficient to read/write (especially read) varint-128 to/from IO.
Update the Pack type to take advantage of the more efficient read and remove some duplicate code.
The reference list was previously built at load time from whichever references existed in the file list. This was sufficient since the list was for informational purposes only.
The block incremental feature will require a reference list that contains all prior backups, even those that are not explicitly referenced from the manifest. Therefore it makes sense to build and persist a manifest list rather than building it at load time.
This list can still be used for informational purposes, though it needs to be sorted since the list it sill built for older manifest versions and may not be in sorted order.
Add strLstFindIdx() to find references in the list.
The prior method was to check a combination of fields to determine if a file needed to be copied, delta'd, or resumed. This was complicated and ultimately imposed a limitation on the number of operations that could be performed.
Introduce copy, delta, and resume flags in the manifest to make it clearer which operations need to be performed and to reduce complex and duplicated logic.
This also allows zero-length bundled files to be completed during manifest build rather than later on during backup processing.
The prior manifestFileUpdate() function was pretty difficult to use since all the parameters had to specified. Instead, pass a ManifestFile struct that has all members set as needed.
When new struct members are added the manifestFileUpdate() call sites will still need to be reviewed, but this should make the process of adding members a bit simpler.
This appears to have been an oversight in 34d6495. Storing the reference is not really correct since the file is not stored in a prior backup. It also uses more space.
There is no real harm in storing the reference, since it is always ignored on restore, but the code is simpler if the zero-length files can be dealt with during the manifest and don't need additional handling later on. This is also an important part of some upcoming optimizations.
It is possible to log the bundle info correctly but the information is useless with the backup reference, which does not appear until later. For now just omit the bundle info so we are not logging something incorrect.
This test exposes a small logging issue. The bundle information for the matched delta on PG_VERSION is not correct. This issue will be fixed in the next commit.
The information stored in the manifest *is* correct so this bug is essentially cosmetic.
The current call site, manifestFileUnpack(), does not know the total buffer size but the buffer has always been maintained in memory so there should be no corruption. However, there are upcoming use cases where the buffer will be read from IO, the buffer size will be known, and additional sanity checking on buffer overruns will be valuable.
Also rename params to align better with cvtUInt64ToVarInt128().
Direct link creation via Posix functions has been moved to the Posix driver.
This change allows adding SFTP softlink creation in the SFTP driver using the standard interface.
Ninja produces quite a bit of output so error messages are often truncated by the default error/log buffers. Use large buffers in the test harness to capture the error even when there is a lot of output.
Ninja has introduced a --quiet option, but it is currently too new to be in any of our test distributions.
Bug Fixes:
* Fix incorrect time expiration being used for non-default repositories. (Reviewed by Stefan Fercot. Reported by Adam Brusselback.)
* Fix issue when listing directories recursively with a filter. (Reviewed by Stephen Frost. Reported by Efremov Egor.)
Features:
* Backup key/value annotations. (Contributed by Stefan Fercot. Reviewed by David Steele. Suggested by Adam Berlin.)
Improvements:
* Support --set in JSON output for info command. (Contributed by Stefan Fercot. Reviewed by David Steele. Suggested by Anton Kurochkin.)
* Update archive.info timestamps after a successful backup. (Reviewed by Stefan Fercot. Suggested by Alex Richman.)
* Move standby timeline check after checkpoint. (Reviewed by Stefan Fercot, Keith Fiske. Suggested by Keith Fiske.)
* Improve warning message on backup resume. (Suggested by Cynthia Shang.)
Documentation Improvements:
* Add absolute path for kill in pgbackrest.service. (Suggested by Don Seiler.)
While recursing and filtering, if the last entry in a directory was another directory containing entries then the parent list would get freed too early, causing a double free error or segfault.
Fix by ensuring that the completed list is at the top of the stack before freeing it. This will defer freeing parent lists until the contents of paths have been processed.
Lifecycle policies can cause the archive.info file and its copy to be removed since they are only updated on a stanza-upgrade. Update the timestamps after a successful backup to prevent this.
This does not mean that lifecycle policies should be used as a replacement for expiration. However, in some cases there may be policies in place that are out of admin control. If the lifecycle expiration is less than pgbackrest expiration then corruption of the earliest backup will occur at the very least and there might be other corruption which would make the repo unrecoverable.
An error that gets raised all the way to the top TRY block might need to free a lot of resources and any of these callbacks could throw an error and mask the original error. In fact this is pretty likely since we are already in an error state. For example, the Db object will try to close the remote db connection, but if the protocol is in a bad state it will not be able to do so.
Solve this, for now, by not freeing memory or calling callbacks in the CATCH_FATAL() block. This gives us a better chance if being able to report the error without encountering another error first.
For the most part, we don't need to worry about freeing resources (file handles, TLS contexts, etc.) if the program is going to exit immediately. However, it is important to attempt to terminate all active protocol connections, which is done by protocolFree() in main() since the protocol objects live in the top context.
Another way to handle this would be to implement an error stack and that is probably something we will do in the future. But, in the case of a segfault the original error would still be lost. Yet another option would be to still do cleanup but defer it until after the CATCH_FATAL() block.
If a repo is not specified for the expire command then the lowest repo becomes the default. The repo-retention-full value for time was being retrieved from the default rather than a specific repo which led to an incorrect expiration being applied.
Get the value from the specific repo and add a test.
It would be better if the default repo could not be queried in this case but it is not clear how to do that since the repo option is valid for expire (unlike, e.g., archive-push).
Allow key/value annotations to be added with the backup command and added/modified/removed with the new annotate command.
Annotations can be viewed with the info command in text mode when --set is specified and are always included in JSON output.
There are performance benefits to increasing the upload chunk size as long as the tradeoff with additional memory consumption is acceptable.
Make the chunk size configurable for S3, GCS, and Azure, but don't attempt to do any validation of the chunk size beyond some sane limits. The defaults remain as is for each storage type to avoid any unintentional regressions.
Catching individual fatal errors was only used in testing so the tests have been updated to use other errors instead. CATCH_FATAL() is now the only way to catch fatal errors.
This simplifies the logic a bit for upcoming changes to error handling and cleanup.
Also fix an issue where passing errorMessage() directly to THROW*() would attempt to copy the message buffer instead of preserving it, which is undefined behavior. Since there were no instances of this behavior before this commit, this was not a live bug.
