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78 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
78 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
# Bonus System
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The bonus system of VCMI is a set of mechanisms that make handling of different bonuses for heroes, towns, players and units easier. The system consists of a set of nodes representing objects that can be a source or a subject of a bonus and two directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) representing inheritance and propagation of bonuses. Core of bonus system is defined in HeroBonus.h file.
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## Propagation and inheritance
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Each bonus originates from some node in the bonus system, and may have propagator and limiter objects attached to it. Bonuses are shared around as follows:
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1. Bonuses with propagator are propagated to "matching" descendants in the red DAG - which descendants match is determined by the propagator. Bonuses without a propagator will not be propagated.
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2. Bonuses without limiters are inherited by all descendants in the black DAG. If limiters are present, they can restrict inheritance to certain nodes.
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Inheritance is the default means of sharing bonuses. A typical example is an artefact granting a bonus to attack/defense stat, which is inherited by the hero wearing it, and then by creatures in the hero's army.
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A common limiter is by creature - e.g. the hero Eric has a specialty that grants bonuses to attack, defense and speed, but only to griffins.
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Propagation is used when bonuses need to be shared in a different direction than the black DAG for inheritance. E.g. Magi and Archmagi on the battlefield reduce the cost of spells for the controlling hero.
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### Technical Details
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- Propagation is done by copying bonuses to the target nodes. This happens when bonuses are added.
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- Inheritance is done on-the-fly when needed, by traversing the black DAG. Results are cached to improve performance.
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- Whenever a node changes (e.g. bonus added), a global counter gets increased which is used to check whether cached results are still current.
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## Operations on the graph
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There are two basic types of operations that can be performed on the graph:
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### Adding a new node
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When node is attached to a new black parent (the only possibility - adding parent is the same as adding a child to it), the propagation system is triggered and works as follows:
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- For the attached node and its all red ancestors
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- For every bonus
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- Call propagator giving the new descendant - then attach appropriately bonuses to the red descendant of attached node (or the node itself).
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E.g. when a hero equips an artifact, the hero gets attached to the artifact to inherit its bonuses.
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### Deleting an existing node
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Analogically to the adding a new node, just remove propagated bonuses instead of adding them. Then update the hierarchy.
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E.g. when a hero removes an artifact, the hero (which became a child of the artifact when equipping it) is removed from it.
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Note that only *propagated* bonuses need to be handled when nodes are added or removed. *Inheritance* is done on-the-fly and thus automatic.
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## Limiters
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If multiple limiters are specified for a bonus, a child inherits the bonus only if all limiters say that it should.
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So e.g. a list of multiple creature type limiters (with different creatures) would ensure that no creature inherits the bonus. In such a case, the solution is to use one bonus per creature.
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## Propagators
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## Updaters
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Updaters are objects attached to bonuses. They can modify a bonus (typically by changing *val*) during inheritance, including bonuses that a node "inherits" from itself, based on properties (typically level) of the node it passes through. Which nodes update a bonus depends on the type of updater. E.g. updaters that perform updates based on hero level will update bonuses as the are inherited by heroes.
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The following example shows an artifact providing a bonus based on the level of the hero that wears it:
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```json
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"core:greaterGnollsFlail":
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{
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"text" : { "description" : "This mighty flail increases the attack of all gnolls under the hero's command by twice the hero's level." },
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"bonuses" : [
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{
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"limiters" : [
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{
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"parameters" : [ "gnoll", true ],
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"type" : "CREATURE_TYPE_LIMITER"
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}
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],
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"subtype" : "primSkill.attack",
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"type" : "PRIMARY_SKILL",
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"val" : 2,
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"updater" : "TIMES_HERO_LEVEL"
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}
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]
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}
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```
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