fix: better doc and implementation of retry

Signed-off-by: Dr. Carsten Leue <carsten.leue@de.ibm.com>

v2/DESIGN.md

@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+# Design Decisions
+
+This document explains the key design decisions and principles behind fp-go's API design.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Data Last Principle](#data-last-principle)
+- [Kleisli and Operator Types](#kleisli-and-operator-types)
+- [Monadic Operations Comparison](#monadic-operations-comparison)
+- [Type Parameter Ordering](#type-parameter-ordering)
+- [Generic Type Aliases](#generic-type-aliases)
+
+## Data Last Principle
+
+fp-go follows the **"data last"** principle, where the data being operated on is always the last parameter in a function. This design choice enables powerful function composition and partial application patterns.
+
+### What is "Data Last"?
+
+In the "data last" style, functions are structured so that:
+1. Configuration parameters come first
+2. The data to be transformed comes last
+
+This is the opposite of the traditional object-oriented style where the data (receiver) comes first.
+
+### Why "Data Last"?
+
+The "data last" principle enables:
+
+1. **Natural Currying**: Functions can be partially applied to create specialized transformations
+2. **Function Composition**: Operations can be composed before applying them to data
+3. **Point-Free Style**: Write transformations without explicitly mentioning the data
+4. **Reusability**: Create reusable transformation pipelines
+
+### Examples
+
+#### Basic Transformation
+
+```go
+// Data last style (fp-go)
+double := array.Map(number.Mul(2))
+result := double([]int{1, 2, 3}) // [2, 4, 6]
+
+// Compare with data first style (traditional)
+result := array.Map([]int{1, 2, 3}, number.Mul(2))
+```
+
+#### Function Composition
+
+```go
+import (
+    A "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/array"
+    F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+    N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
+)
+
+// Create a pipeline of transformations
+pipeline := F.Flow3(
+    A.Filter(func(x int) bool { return x > 0 }),     // Keep positive numbers
+    A.Map(N.Mul(2)),                                  // Double each number
+    A.Reduce(func(acc, x int) int { return acc + x }, 0), // Sum them up
+)
+
+// Apply the pipeline to different data
+result1 := pipeline([]int{-1, 2, 3, -4, 5})  // (2 + 3 + 5) * 2 = 20
+result2 := pipeline([]int{1, 2, 3})          // (1 + 2 + 3) * 2 = 12
+```
+
+#### Partial Application
+
+```go
+import (
+    O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+)
+
+// Create specialized functions by partial application
+getOrZero := O.GetOrElse(func() int { return 0 })
+getOrEmpty := O.GetOrElse(func() string { return "" })
+
+// Use them with different data
+value1 := getOrZero(O.Some(42))        // 42
+value2 := getOrZero(O.None[int]())     // 0
+
+text1 := getOrEmpty(O.Some("hello"))   // "hello"
+text2 := getOrEmpty(O.None[string]())  // ""
+```
+
+#### Building Reusable Transformations
+
+```go
+import (
+    E "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+    O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+)
+
+// Create a reusable validation pipeline
+type User struct {
+    Name  string
+    Email string
+    Age   int
+}
+
+validateAge := E.FromPredicate(
+    func(u User) bool { return u.Age >= 18 },
+    func(u User) error { return errors.New("must be 18 or older") },
+)
+
+validateEmail := E.FromPredicate(
+    func(u User) bool { return strings.Contains(u.Email, "@") },
+    func(u User) error { return errors.New("invalid email") },
+)
+
+// Compose validators
+validateUser := F.Flow2(
+    validateAge,
+    E.Chain(validateEmail),
+)
+
+// Apply to different users
+result1 := validateUser(User{Name: "Alice", Email: "alice@example.com", Age: 25})
+result2 := validateUser(User{Name: "Bob", Email: "invalid", Age: 30})
+```
+
+#### Monadic Operations
+
+```go
+import (
+    O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+)
+
+// Data last enables clean monadic chains
+parseAndDouble := F.Flow2(
+    O.FromPredicate(func(s string) bool { return s != "" }),
+    O.Chain(func(s string) O.Option[int] {
+        n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
+        if err != nil {
+            return O.None[int]()
+        }
+        return O.Some(n * 2)
+    }),
+)
+
+result1 := parseAndDouble("21")  // Some(42)
+result2 := parseAndDouble("")    // None
+result3 := parseAndDouble("abc") // None
+```
+
+### Monadic vs Non-Monadic Forms
+
+fp-go provides two forms for most operations:
+
+1. **Curried form** (data last): Returns a function that can be composed
+2. **Monadic form** (data first): Takes all parameters at once
+
+```go
+// Curried form - data last, returns a function
+Map[A, B any](f func(A) B) func(Option[A]) Option[B]
+
+// Monadic form - data first, direct execution
+MonadMap[A, B any](fa Option[A], f func(A) B) Option[B]
+```
+
+**When to use each:**
+
+- **Curried form**: When building pipelines, composing functions, or creating reusable transformations
+- **Monadic form**: When you have all parameters available and want direct execution
+
+```go
+// Curried form - building a pipeline
+transform := F.Flow3(
+    O.Map(strings.ToUpper),
+    O.Filter(func(s string) bool { return len(s) > 3 }),
+    O.GetOrElse(func() string { return "DEFAULT" }),
+)
+result := transform(O.Some("hello"))
+
+// Monadic form - direct execution
+result := O.MonadMap(O.Some("hello"), strings.ToUpper)
+```
+
+### Further Reading on Data-Last Pattern
+
+The data-last currying pattern is well-documented in the functional programming community:
+
+- [Mostly Adequate Guide - Ch. 4: Currying](https://mostly-adequate.gitbook.io/mostly-adequate-guide/ch04) - Excellent introduction with clear examples
+- [Curry and Function Composition](https://medium.com/javascript-scene/curry-and-function-composition-2c208d774983) by Eric Elliott
+- [fp-ts Issue #1238](https://github.com/gcanti/fp-ts/issues/1238) - Real-world examples of data-last refactoring
+
+## Kleisli and Operator Types
+
+fp-go uses consistent type aliases across all monads to make code more recognizable and composable. These types provide a common vocabulary that works across different monadic contexts.
+
+### Type Definitions
+
+```go
+// Kleisli arrow - a function that returns a monadic value
+type Kleisli[A, B any] = func(A) M[B]
+
+// Operator - a function that transforms a monadic value
+type Operator[A, B any] = func(M[A]) M[B]
+```
+
+Where `M` represents the specific monad (Option, Either, IO, etc.).
+
+### Why These Types Matter
+
+1. **Consistency**: The same type names appear across all monads
+2. **Recognizability**: Experienced functional programmers immediately understand the intent
+3. **Composability**: Functions with these types compose naturally
+4. **Documentation**: Type signatures clearly communicate the operation's behavior
+
+### Examples Across Monads
+
+#### Option Monad
+
+```go
+// option/option.go
+type Kleisli[A, B any] = func(A) Option[B]
+type Operator[A, B any] = func(Option[A]) Option[B]
+
+// Chain uses Kleisli
+func Chain[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B]
+
+// Map returns an Operator
+func Map[A, B any](f func(A) B) Operator[A, B]
+```
+
+#### Either Monad
+
+```go
+// either/either.go
+type Kleisli[E, A, B any] = func(A) Either[E, B]
+type Operator[E, A, B any] = func(Either[E, A]) Either[E, B]
+
+// Chain uses Kleisli
+func Chain[E, A, B any](f Kleisli[E, A, B]) Operator[E, A, B]
+
+// Map returns an Operator
+func Map[E, A, B any](f func(A) B) Operator[E, A, B]
+```
+
+#### IO Monad
+
+```go
+// io/io.go
+type Kleisli[A, B any] = func(A) IO[B]
+type Operator[A, B any] = func(IO[A]) IO[B]
+
+// Chain uses Kleisli
+func Chain[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B]
+
+// Map returns an Operator
+func Map[A, B any](f func(A) B) Operator[A, B]
+```
+
+#### Array (List Monad)
+
+```go
+// array/array.go
+type Kleisli[A, B any] = func(A) []B
+type Operator[A, B any] = func([]A) []B
+
+// Chain uses Kleisli
+func Chain[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B]
+
+// Map returns an Operator
+func Map[A, B any](f func(A) B) Operator[A, B]
+```
+
+### Pattern Recognition
+
+Once you learn these patterns in one monad, you can apply them to all monads:
+
+```go
+// The pattern is always the same, just the monad changes
+
+// Option
+validateAge := option.Chain(func(user User) option.Option[User] {
+    if user.Age >= 18 {
+        return option.Some(user)
+    }
+    return option.None[User]()
+})
+
+// Either
+validateAge := either.Chain(func(user User) either.Either[error, User] {
+    if user.Age >= 18 {
+        return either.Right[error](user)
+    }
+    return either.Left[User](errors.New("too young"))
+})
+
+// IO
+validateAge := io.Chain(func(user User) io.IO[User] {
+    return io.Of(user) // Always succeeds in IO
+})
+
+// Array
+validateAge := array.Chain(func(user User) []User {
+    if user.Age >= 18 {
+        return []User{user}
+    }
+    return []User{} // Empty array = failure
+})
+```
+
+### Composing Kleisli Arrows
+
+Kleisli arrows compose naturally using monadic composition:
+
+```go
+import (
+    O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+    F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+)
+
+// Define Kleisli arrows
+parseAge := func(s string) O.Option[int] {
+    n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
+    if err != nil {
+        return O.None[int]()
+    }
+    return O.Some(n)
+}
+
+validateAge := func(age int) O.Option[int] {
+    if age >= 18 {
+        return O.Some(age)
+    }
+    return O.None[int]()
+}
+
+formatAge := func(age int) O.Option[string] {
+    return O.Some(fmt.Sprintf("Age: %d", age))
+}
+
+// Compose them using Flow and Chain
+pipeline := F.Flow3(
+    parseAge,
+    O.Chain(validateAge),
+    O.Chain(formatAge),
+)
+
+result := pipeline("25") // Some("Age: 25")
+result := pipeline("15") // None (too young)
+result := pipeline("abc") // None (parse error)
+```
+
+### Building Reusable Operators
+
+Operators can be created once and reused across your codebase:
+
+```go
+import (
+    E "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+)
+
+// Create reusable operators
+type ValidationError struct {
+    Field   string
+    Message string
+}
+
+// Reusable validation operators
+validateNonEmpty := E.Chain(func(s string) E.Either[ValidationError, string] {
+    if s == "" {
+        return E.Left[string](ValidationError{
+            Field:   "input",
+            Message: "cannot be empty",
+        })
+    }
+    return E.Right[ValidationError](s)
+})
+
+validateEmail := E.Chain(func(s string) E.Either[ValidationError, string] {
+    if !strings.Contains(s, "@") {
+        return E.Left[string](ValidationError{
+            Field:   "email",
+            Message: "invalid format",
+        })
+    }
+    return E.Right[ValidationError](s)
+})
+
+// Compose operators
+validateEmailInput := F.Flow2(
+    validateNonEmpty,
+    validateEmail,
+)
+
+// Use across your application
+result1 := validateEmailInput(E.Right[ValidationError]("user@example.com"))
+result2 := validateEmailInput(E.Right[ValidationError](""))
+result3 := validateEmailInput(E.Right[ValidationError]("invalid"))
+```
+
+### Benefits of Consistent Naming
+
+1. **Cross-monad understanding**: Learn once, apply everywhere
+2. **Easier refactoring**: Changing monads requires minimal code changes
+3. **Better tooling**: IDEs can provide better suggestions
+4. **Team communication**: Shared vocabulary across the team
+5. **Library integration**: Third-party libraries follow the same patterns
+
+### Identity Monad - The Simplest Case
+
+The Identity monad shows these types in their simplest form:
+
+```go
+// identity/doc.go
+type Operator[A, B any] = func(A) B
+
+// In Identity, there's no wrapping, so:
+// - Kleisli[A, B] is just func(A) B
+// - Operator[A, B] is just func(A) B
+// They're the same because Identity adds no context
+```
+
+This demonstrates that these type aliases represent fundamental functional programming concepts, not just arbitrary naming conventions.
+
+
+## Monadic Operations Comparison
+
+fp-go's monadic operations are inspired by functional programming languages and libraries. Here's how they compare:
+
+| fp-go | fp-ts | Haskell | Scala | Description |
+|-------|-------|---------|-------|-------------|
+| `Map` | `map` | `fmap` | `map` | Functor mapping - transforms the value inside a context |
+| `Chain` | `chain` | `>>=` (bind) | `flatMap` | Monadic bind - chains computations that return wrapped values |
+| `Ap` | `ap` | `<*>` | `ap` | Applicative apply - applies a wrapped function to a wrapped value |
+| `Of` | `of` | `return`/`pure` | `pure` | Lifts a pure value into a monadic context |
+| `Fold` | `fold` | `either` | `fold` | Eliminates the context by providing handlers for each case |
+| `Filter` | `filter` | `mfilter` | `filter` | Keeps values that satisfy a predicate |
+| `Flatten` | `flatten` | `join` | `flatten` | Removes one level of nesting |
+| `ChainFirst` | `chainFirst` | `>>` (then) | `tap` | Chains for side effects, keeping the original value |
+| `Alt` | `alt` | `<\|>` | `orElse` | Provides an alternative value if the first fails |
+| `GetOrElse` | `getOrElse` | `fromMaybe` | `getOrElse` | Extracts the value or provides a default |
+| `FromPredicate` | `fromPredicate` | `guard` | `filter` | Creates a monadic value based on a predicate |
+| `Sequence` | `sequence` | `sequence` | `sequence` | Transforms a collection of effects into an effect of a collection |
+| `Traverse` | `traverse` | `traverse` | `traverse` | Maps and sequences in one operation |
+| `Reduce` | `reduce` | `foldl` | `foldLeft` | Folds a structure from left to right |
+| `ReduceRight` | `reduceRight` | `foldr` | `foldRight` | Folds a structure from right to left |
+
+### Key Differences from Other Languages
+
+#### Naming Conventions
+
+- **Go conventions**: fp-go uses PascalCase for exported functions (e.g., `Map`, `Chain`) following Go's naming conventions
+- **Type parameters first**: Non-inferrable type parameters come first (e.g., `Ap[B, E, A any]`)
+- **Monadic prefix**: Direct execution forms use the `Monad` prefix (e.g., `MonadMap`, `MonadChain`)
+
+#### Type System
+
+```go
+// fp-go (explicit type parameters when needed)
+result := option.Map(transform)(value)
+result := option.Map[string, int](transform)(value) // explicit when inference fails
+
+// Haskell (type inference)
+result = fmap transform value
+
+// Scala (type inference with method syntax)
+result = value.map(transform)
+
+// fp-ts (TypeScript type inference)
+const result = pipe(value, map(transform))
+```
+
+#### Currying
+
+```go
+// fp-go - explicit currying with data last
+double := array.Map(number.Mul(2))
+result := double(numbers)
+
+// Haskell - automatic currying
+double = fmap (*2)
+result = double numbers
+
+// Scala - method syntax
+result = numbers.map(_ * 2)
+```
+
+## Type Parameter Ordering
+
+fp-go v2 uses a specific ordering for type parameters to maximize type inference:
+
+### Rule: Non-Inferrable Parameters First
+
+Type parameters that **cannot be inferred** from function arguments come first. This allows the Go compiler to infer as many types as possible.
+
+```go
+// Ap - B cannot be inferred from arguments, so it comes first
+func Ap[B, E, A any](fa Either[E, A]) func(Either[E, func(A) B]) Either[E, B]
+
+// Usage - only B needs to be specified
+result := either.Ap[string](value)(funcInEither)
+```
+
+### Examples
+
+```go
+// Map - all types can be inferred from arguments
+func Map[E, A, B any](f func(A) B) func(Either[E, A]) Either[E, B]
+// Usage - no type parameters needed
+result := either.Map(transform)(value)
+
+// Chain - all types can be inferred
+func Chain[E, A, B any](f func(A) Either[E, B]) func(Either[E, A]) Either[E, B]
+// Usage - no type parameters needed
+result := either.Chain(validator)(value)
+
+// Of - E cannot be inferred, comes first
+func Of[E, A any](value A) Either[E, A]
+// Usage - only E needs to be specified
+result := either.Of[error](42)
+```
+
+### Benefits
+
+1. **Less verbose code**: Most operations don't require explicit type parameters
+2. **Better IDE support**: Type inference provides better autocomplete
+3. **Clearer intent**: Only specify types that can't be inferred
+
+## Generic Type Aliases
+
+fp-go v2 leverages Go 1.24's generic type aliases for cleaner type definitions:
+
+```go
+// V2 - using generic type alias (requires Go 1.24+)
+type ReaderIOEither[R, E, A any] = RD.Reader[R, IOE.IOEither[E, A]]
+
+// V1 - using type definition (Go 1.18+)
+type ReaderIOEither[R, E, A any] RD.Reader[R, IOE.IOEither[E, A]]
+```
+
+### Benefits
+
+1. **True aliases**: The type is interchangeable with its definition
+2. **No namespace imports needed**: Can use types directly without package prefixes
+3. **Simpler codebase**: Eliminates the need for `generic` subpackages
+4. **Better composability**: Types compose more naturally
+
+### Migration Pattern
+
+```go
+// Define project-wide aliases once
+package types
+
+import (
+    "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+    "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+    "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ioresult"
+)
+
+type Option[A any] = option.Option[A]
+type Result[A any] = result.Result[A]
+type IOResult[A any] = ioresult.IOResult[A]
+
+// Use throughout your codebase
+package myapp
+
+import "myproject/types"
+
+func process(input string) types.Result[types.Option[int]] {
+    // implementation
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+For more information, see:
+- [README.md](./README.md) - Overview and quick start
+- [API Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2) - Complete API reference
+- [Samples](./samples/) - Practical examples

v2/EXAMPLE_TESTS_PROGRESS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# Example Tests Progress
+
+This document tracks the progress of converting documentation examples into executable example test files.
+
+## Overview
+
+The codebase has 300+ documentation examples across many packages. This document tracks which packages have been completed and which still need work.
+
+## Completed Packages
+
+### Core Packages
+- [x] **result** - Created `examples_bind_test.go`, `examples_curry_test.go`, `examples_apply_test.go`
+  - Files: `bind.go` (10 examples), `curry.go` (5 examples), `apply.go` (2 examples)
+  - Status: ✅ 17 tests passing
+
+### Utility Packages
+- [x] **pair** - Created `examples_test.go`
+  - Files: `pair.go` (14 examples)
+  - Status: ✅ 14 tests passing
+
+- [x] **tuple** - Created `examples_test.go`
+  - Files: `tuple.go` (6 examples)
+  - Status: ✅ 6 tests passing
+
+### Type Class Packages
+- [x] **semigroup** - Created `examples_test.go`
+  - Files: `semigroup.go` (7 examples)
+  - Status: ✅ 7 tests passing
+
+### Utility Packages (continued)
+- [x] **predicate** - Created `examples_test.go`
+  - Files: `bool.go` (3 examples), `contramap.go` (1 example)
+  - Status: ✅ 4 tests passing
+
+### Context Reader Packages
+- [x] **idiomatic/context/readerresult** - Created `examples_reader_test.go`, `examples_bind_test.go`
+  - Files: `reader.go` (8 examples), `bind.go` (14 examples)
+  - Status: ✅ 22 tests passing
+
+## Summary Statistics
+- **Total Example Tests Created**: 74
+- **Total Packages Completed**: 7 (result, pair, tuple, semigroup, predicate, idiomatic/context/readerresult)
+- **All Tests Status**: ✅ PASSING
+
+### Breakdown by Package
+- **result**: 21 tests (bind: 10, curry: 5, apply: 2, array: 4)
+- **pair**: 14 tests
+- **tuple**: 6 tests
+- **semigroup**: 7 tests
+- **predicate**: 4 tests
+- **idiomatic/context/readerresult**: 22 tests (reader: 8, bind: 14)
+
+## Packages with Existing Examples
+
+These packages already have some example test files:
+- result (has `examples_create_test.go`, `examples_extract_test.go`)
+- option (has `examples_create_test.go`, `examples_extract_test.go`)
+- either (has `examples_create_test.go`, `examples_extract_test.go`)
+- ioeither (has `examples_create_test.go`, `examples_do_test.go`, `examples_extract_test.go`)
+- ioresult (has `examples_create_test.go`, `examples_do_test.go`, `examples_extract_test.go`)
+- lazy (has `example_lazy_test.go`)
+- array (has `examples_basic_test.go`, `examples_sort_test.go`, `example_any_test.go`, `example_find_test.go`)
+- readerioeither (has `traverse_example_test.go`)
+- context/readerioresult (has `flip_example_test.go`)
+
+## Packages Needing Example Tests
+
+### Core Packages (High Priority)
+- [ ] **result** - Additional files need examples:
+  - `apply.go` (2 examples)
+  - `array.go` (7 examples)
+  - `core.go` (6 examples)
+  - `either.go` (26 examples)
+  - `eq.go` (2 examples)
+  - `functor.go` (1 example)
+  
+- [ ] **option** - Additional files need examples
+- [ ] **either** - Additional files need examples
+
+### Reader Packages (High Priority)
+- [ ] **reader** - Many examples in:
+  - `array.go` (12 examples)
+  - `bind.go` (10 examples)
+  - `curry.go` (8 examples)
+  - `flip.go` (2 examples)
+  - `reader.go` (21 examples)
+
+- [ ] **readeroption** - Examples in:
+  - `array.go` (3 examples)
+  - `bind.go` (7 examples)
+  - `curry.go` (5 examples)
+  - `flip.go` (2 examples)
+  - `from.go` (4 examples)
+  - `reader.go` (18 examples)
+  - `sequence.go` (4 examples)
+
+- [ ] **readerresult** - Examples in:
+  - `array.go` (3 examples)
+  - `bind.go` (24 examples)
+  - `curry.go` (7 examples)
+  - `flip.go` (2 examples)
+  - `from.go` (4 examples)
+  - `monoid.go` (3 examples)
+
+- [ ] **readereither** - Examples in:
+  - `array.go` (3 examples)
+  - `bind.go` (7 examples)
+  - `flip.go` (3 examples)
+
+- [ ] **readerio** - Examples in:
+  - `array.go` (3 examples)
+  - `bind.go` (7 examples)
+  - `flip.go` (2 examples)
+  - `logging.go` (4 examples)
+  - `reader.go` (30 examples)
+
+- [ ] **readerioeither** - Examples in:
+  - `bind.go` (7 examples)
+  - `flip.go` (1 example)
+
+- [ ] **readerioresult** - Examples in:
+  - `array.go` (8 examples)
+  - `bind.go` (24 examples)
+
+### State Packages
+- [ ] **statereaderioeither** - Examples in:
+  - `bind.go` (5 examples)
+  - `resource.go` (1 example)
+  - `state.go` (13 examples)
+
+### Utility Packages
+- [ ] **lazy** - Additional examples in:
+  - `apply.go` (2 examples)
+  - `bind.go` (7 examples)
+  - `lazy.go` (10 examples)
+  - `sequence.go` (4 examples)
+  - `traverse.go` (2 examples)
+
+- [ ] **pair** - Additional examples in:
+  - `monad.go` (12 examples)
+  - `pair.go` (remaining ~20 examples)
+
+- [ ] **tuple** - Examples in:
+  - `tuple.go` (6 examples)
+
+- [ ] **predicate** - Examples in:
+  - `bool.go` (3 examples)
+  - `contramap.go` (1 example)
+  - `monoid.go` (4 examples)
+
+- [ ] **retry** - Examples in:
+  - `retry.go` (7 examples)
+
+- [ ] **logging** - Examples in:
+  - `logger.go` (5 examples)
+
+### Collection Packages
+- [ ] **record** - Examples in:
+  - `bind.go` (3 examples)
+
+### Type Class Packages
+- [ ] **semigroup** - Examples in:
+  - `alt.go` (1 example)
+  - `apply.go` (1 example)
+  - `array.go` (4 examples)
+  - `semigroup.go` (7 examples)
+
+- [ ] **ord** - Examples in:
+  - `ord.go` (1 example)
+
+## Strategy for Completion
+
+1. **Prioritize by usage**: Focus on core packages (result, option, either) first
+2. **Group by package**: Complete all examples for one package before moving to next
+3. **Test incrementally**: Run tests after each file to catch errors early
+4. **Follow patterns**: Use existing example test files as templates
+5. **Document as you go**: Update this file with progress
+
+## Example Test File Template
+
+```go
+// Copyright header...
+
+package packagename_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	PKG "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/packagename"
+)
+
+func ExampleFunctionName() {
+	// Copy example from doc comment
+	// Ensure it compiles and produces correct output
+	fmt.Println(result)
+	// Output:
+	// expected output
+}
+```
+
+## Notes
+
+- Use `F.Constant1[error](defaultValue)` for GetOrElse in result package
+- Use `F.Pipe1` instead of `F.Pipe2` when only one transformation
+- Check function signatures carefully for type parameters
+- Some functions like `BiMap` are capitalized differently than in docs
+- **Prefer `R.Eitherize1(func)` over manual error handling** - converts `func(T) (R, error)` to `func(T) Result[R]`
+  - Example: Use `R.Eitherize1(strconv.Atoi)` instead of manual if/else error checking
+- **Add Go documentation comments to all example functions** - Each example should have a comment explaining what it demonstrates
+- **Idiomatic vs Non-Idiomatic packages**:
+  - Non-idiomatic (e.g., `result`): Uses `Result[A]` type (Either monad)
+  - Idiomatic (e.g., `idiomatic/result`): Uses `(A, error)` tuples (Go-style)
+  - Context readers use non-idiomatic `Result[A]` internally

v2/IDIOMATIC_COMPARISON.md

@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ if err != nil {
 
 ```go
 // Map transforms the success value
-double := result.Map(func(x int) int { return x * 2 })
+double := result.Map(N.Mul(2))
 result := double(result.Right[error](21))  // Right(42)
 
 // Chain sequences operations
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ validate := result.Chain(func(x int) result.Result[int] {
 
 ```go
 // Map transforms the success value
-double := result.Map(func(x int) int { return x * 2 })
+double := result.Map(N.Mul(2))
 value, err := double(21, nil)  // (42, nil)
 
 // Chain sequences operations

v2/IDIOMATIC_READERIORESULT_TODO.md

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+# Idiomatic ReadIOResult Functions - Implementation Plan
+
+## Overview
+
+This document outlines the idiomatic functions that should be added to the `readerioresult` package to support Go's native `(value, error)` pattern, similar to what was implemented for `readerresult`.
+
+## Key Concepts
+
+The idiomatic package `github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/idiomatic/readerioresult` defines:
+- `ReaderIOResult[R, A]` as `func(R) func() (A, error)` (idiomatic style)
+- This contrasts with `readerioresult.ReaderIOResult[R, A]` which is `Reader[R, IOResult[A]]` (functional style)
+
+## Functions to Add
+
+### In `readerioresult/reader.go`
+
+Add helper functions at the top:
+```go
+func fromReaderIOResultKleisliI[R, A, B any](f RIORI.Kleisli[R, A, B]) Kleisli[R, A, B] {
+	return function.Flow2(f, FromReaderIOResultI[R, B])
+}
+
+func fromIOResultKleisliI[A, B any](f IORI.Kleisli[A, B]) ioresult.Kleisli[A, B] {
+	return ioresult.Eitherize1(f)
+}
+```
+
+### Core Conversion Functions
+
+1. **FromResultI** - Lift `(value, error)` to ReaderIOResult
+   ```go
+   func FromResultI[R, A any](a A, err error) ReaderIOResult[R, A]
+   ```
+
+2. **FromIOResultI** - Lift idiomatic IOResult to functional
+   ```go
+   func FromIOResultI[R, A any](ioe func() (A, error)) ReaderIOResult[R, A]
+   ```
+
+3. **FromReaderIOResultI** - Convert idiomatic ReaderIOResult to functional
+   ```go
+   func FromReaderIOResultI[R, A any](rr RIORI.ReaderIOResult[R, A]) ReaderIOResult[R, A]
+   ```
+
+### Chain Functions
+
+4. **MonadChainI** / **ChainI** - Chain with idiomatic Kleisli
+   ```go
+   func MonadChainI[R, A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[R, A], f RIORI.Kleisli[R, A, B]) ReaderIOResult[R, B]
+   func ChainI[R, A, B any](f RIORI.Kleisli[R, A, B]) Operator[R, A, B]
+   ```
+
+5. **MonadChainEitherIK** / **ChainEitherIK** - Chain with idiomatic Result functions
+   ```go
+   func MonadChainEitherIK[R, A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[R, A], f func(A) (B, error)) ReaderIOResult[R, B]
+   func ChainEitherIK[R, A, B any](f func(A) (B, error)) Operator[R, A, B]
+   ```
+
+6. **MonadChainIOResultIK** / **ChainIOResultIK** - Chain with idiomatic IOResult
+   ```go
+   func MonadChainIOResultIK[R, A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[R, A], f func(A) func() (B, error)) ReaderIOResult[R, B]
+   func ChainIOResultIK[R, A, B any](f func(A) func() (B, error)) Operator[R, A, B]
+   ```
+
+### Applicative Functions
+
+7. **MonadApI** / **ApI** - Apply with idiomatic value
+   ```go
+   func MonadApI[B, R, A any](fab ReaderIOResult[R, func(A) B], fa RIORI.ReaderIOResult[R, A]) ReaderIOResult[R, B]
+   func ApI[B, R, A any](fa RIORI.ReaderIOResult[R, A]) Operator[R, func(A) B, B]
+   ```
+
+### Error Handling Functions
+
+8. **OrElseI** - Fallback with idiomatic computation
+   ```go
+   func OrElseI[R, A any](onLeft RIORI.Kleisli[R, error, A]) Operator[R, A, A]
+   ```
+
+9. **MonadAltI** / **AltI** - Alternative with idiomatic computation
+   ```go
+   func MonadAltI[R, A any](first ReaderIOResult[R, A], second Lazy[RIORI.ReaderIOResult[R, A]]) ReaderIOResult[R, A]
+   func AltI[R, A any](second Lazy[RIORI.ReaderIOResult[R, A]]) Operator[R, A, A]
+   ```
+
+### Flatten Functions
+
+10. **FlattenI** - Flatten nested idiomatic ReaderIOResult
+    ```go
+    func FlattenI[R, A any](mma ReaderIOResult[R, RIORI.ReaderIOResult[R, A]]) ReaderIOResult[R, A]
+    ```
+
+### In `readerioresult/bind.go`
+
+11. **BindI** - Bind with idiomatic Kleisli
+    ```go
+    func BindI[R, S1, S2, T any](setter func(T) func(S1) S2, f RIORI.Kleisli[R, S1, T]) Operator[R, S1, S2]
+    ```
+
+12. **ApIS** - Apply idiomatic value to state
+    ```go
+    func ApIS[R, S1, S2, T any](setter func(T) func(S1) S2, fa RIORI.ReaderIOResult[R, T]) Operator[R, S1, S2]
+    ```
+
+13. **ApISL** - Apply idiomatic value using lens
+    ```go
+    func ApISL[R, S, T any](lens L.Lens[S, T], fa RIORI.ReaderIOResult[R, T]) Operator[R, S, S]
+    ```
+
+14. **BindIL** - Bind idiomatic with lens
+    ```go
+    func BindIL[R, S, T any](lens L.Lens[S, T], f RIORI.Kleisli[R, T, T]) Operator[R, S, S]
+    ```
+
+15. **BindEitherIK** / **BindResultIK** - Bind idiomatic Result
+    ```go
+    func BindEitherIK[R, S1, S2, T any](setter func(T) func(S1) S2, f func(S1) (T, error)) Operator[R, S1, S2]
+    func BindResultIK[R, S1, S2, T any](setter func(T) func(S1) S2, f func(S1) (T, error)) Operator[R, S1, S2]
+    ```
+
+16. **BindIOResultIK** - Bind idiomatic IOResult
+    ```go
+    func BindIOResultIK[R, S1, S2, T any](setter func(T) func(S1) S2, f func(S1) func() (T, error)) Operator[R, S1, S2]
+    ```
+
+17. **BindToEitherI** / **BindToResultI** - Initialize from idiomatic pair
+    ```go
+    func BindToEitherI[R, S1, T any](setter func(T) S1) func(T, error) ReaderIOResult[R, S1]
+    func BindToResultI[R, S1, T any](setter func(T) S1) func(T, error) ReaderIOResult[R, S1]
+    ```
+
+18. **BindToIOResultI** - Initialize from idiomatic IOResult
+    ```go
+    func BindToIOResultI[R, S1, T any](setter func(T) S1) func(func() (T, error)) ReaderIOResult[R, S1]
+    ```
+
+19. **ApEitherIS** / **ApResultIS** - Apply idiomatic pair to state
+    ```go
+    func ApEitherIS[R, S1, S2, T any](setter func(T) func(S1) S2) func(T, error) Operator[R, S1, S2]
+    func ApResultIS[R, S1, S2, T any](setter func(T) func(S1) S2) func(T, error) Operator[R, S1, S2]
+    ```
+
+20. **ApIOResultIS** - Apply idiomatic IOResult to state
+    ```go
+    func ApIOResultIS[R, S1, S2, T any](setter func(T) func(S1) S2, fa func() (T, error)) Operator[R, S1, S2]
+    ```
+
+## Testing Strategy
+
+Create `readerioresult/idiomatic_test.go` with:
+- Tests for each idiomatic function
+- Success and error cases
+- Integration tests showing real-world usage patterns
+- Parallel execution tests where applicable
+- Complex scenarios combining multiple idiomatic functions
+
+## Implementation Priority
+
+1. **High Priority** - Core conversion and chain functions (1-6)
+2. **Medium Priority** - Bind functions for do-notation (11-16)
+3. **Low Priority** - Advanced applicative and error handling (7-10, 17-20)
+
+## Benefits
+
+1. **Seamless Integration** - Mix Go idiomatic code with functional pipelines
+2. **Gradual Adoption** - Convert code incrementally from idiomatic to functional
+3. **Interoperability** - Work with existing Go libraries that return `(value, error)`
+4. **Consistency** - Mirrors the successful pattern from `readerresult`
+
+## References
+
+- See `readerresult` package for similar implementations
+- See `idiomatic/readerresult` for the idiomatic types
+- See `idiomatic/ioresult` for IO-level idiomatic patterns

v2/README.md

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ package main
 import (
     "fmt"
     "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+    N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
 )
 
 func main() {
@@ -145,6 +146,8 @@ func main() {
 }
 ```
 
+## ⚠️ Breaking Changes
+
 ### From V1 to V2
 
 #### 1. Generic Type Aliases
@@ -205,7 +208,7 @@ The `Compose` function for endomorphisms now follows **mathematical function com
 ```go
 // Compose executed left-to-right
 double := N.Mul(2)
-increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+increment := N.Add(1)
 composed := Compose(double, increment)
 result := composed(5) // (5 * 2) + 1 = 11
 ```
@@ -214,7 +217,7 @@ result := composed(5) // (5 * 2) + 1 = 11
 ```go
 // Compose executes RIGHT-TO-LEFT (mathematical composition)
 double := N.Mul(2)
-increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+increment := N.Add(1)
 composed := Compose(double, increment)
 result := composed(5) // (5 + 1) * 2 = 12
 

v2/array/array.go

@@ -536,3 +536,89 @@ func Flap[B, A any](a A) Operator[func(A) B, B] {
 func Prepend[A any](head A) Operator[A, A] {
 	return G.Prepend[Operator[A, A]](head)
 }
+
+// Reverse returns a new slice with elements in reverse order.
+// This function creates a new slice containing all elements from the input slice
+// in reverse order, without modifying the original slice.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The type of elements in the slice
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - as: The input slice to reverse
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A new slice with elements in reverse order
+//
+// Behavior:
+//   - Creates a new slice with the same length as the input
+//   - Copies elements from the input slice in reverse order
+//   - Does not modify the original slice
+//   - Returns an empty slice if the input is empty
+//   - Returns a single-element slice unchanged if input has one element
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	numbers := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+//	reversed := array.Reverse(numbers)
+//	// reversed: []int{5, 4, 3, 2, 1}
+//	// numbers: []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (unchanged)
+//
+// Example with strings:
+//
+//	words := []string{"hello", "world", "foo", "bar"}
+//	reversed := array.Reverse(words)
+//	// reversed: []string{"bar", "foo", "world", "hello"}
+//
+// Example with empty slice:
+//
+//	empty := []int{}
+//	reversed := array.Reverse(empty)
+//	// reversed: []int{} (empty slice)
+//
+// Example with single element:
+//
+//	single := []string{"only"}
+//	reversed := array.Reverse(single)
+//	// reversed: []string{"only"}
+//
+// Use cases:
+//   - Reversing the order of elements for display or processing
+//   - Implementing stack-like behavior (LIFO)
+//   - Processing data in reverse chronological order
+//   - Reversing transformation pipelines
+//   - Creating palindrome checks
+//   - Implementing undo/redo functionality
+//
+// Example with processing in reverse:
+//
+//	events := []string{"start", "middle", "end"}
+//	reversed := array.Reverse(events)
+//	// Process events in reverse order
+//	for _, event := range reversed {
+//	    fmt.Println(event) // Prints: "end", "middle", "start"
+//	}
+//
+// Example with functional composition:
+//
+//	numbers := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    numbers,
+//	    array.Map(N.Mul(2)),
+//	    array.Reverse,
+//	)
+//	// result: []int{10, 8, 6, 4, 2}
+//
+// Performance:
+//   - Time complexity: O(n) where n is the length of the slice
+//   - Space complexity: O(n) for the new slice
+//   - Does not allocate if the input slice is empty
+//
+// Note: This function is immutable - it does not modify the original slice.
+// If you need to reverse a slice in-place, consider using a different approach
+// or modifying the slice directly.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Reverse[A any](as []A) []A {
+	return G.Reverse(as)
+}

v2/array/array_extended_test.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func TestReplicate(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestMonadMap(t *testing.T) {
 	src := []int{1, 2, 3}
-	result := MonadMap(src, func(x int) int { return x * 2 })
+	result := MonadMap(src, N.Mul(2))
 	assert.Equal(t, []int{2, 4, 6}, result)
 }
 
@@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ func TestChain(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestMonadAp(t *testing.T) {
 	fns := []func(int) int{
-		func(x int) int { return x * 2 },
-		func(x int) int { return x + 10 },
+		N.Mul(2),
+		N.Add(10),
 	}
 	values := []int{1, 2}
 	result := MonadAp(fns, values)
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ func TestCopy(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestClone(t *testing.T) {
 	src := []int{1, 2, 3}
-	cloner := Clone(func(x int) int { return x * 2 })
+	cloner := Clone(N.Mul(2))
 	result := cloner(src)
 	assert.Equal(t, []int{2, 4, 6}, result)
 }

v2/array/array_test.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 
 	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/utils"
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
 	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
 	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
 	T "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/tuple"
@@ -214,3 +215,262 @@ func ExampleFoldMap() {
 	// Output: ABC
 
 }
+
+// TestReverse tests the Reverse function
+func TestReverse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Reverse integers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		result := Reverse(input)
+		expected := []int{5, 4, 3, 2, 1}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []string{"hello", "world", "foo", "bar"}
+		result := Reverse(input)
+		expected := []string{"bar", "foo", "world", "hello"}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse empty slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{}
+		result := Reverse(input)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse single element", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []string{"only"}
+		result := Reverse(input)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"only"}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse two elements", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2}
+		result := Reverse(input)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{2, 1}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Does not modify original slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		originalCopy := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		_ = Reverse(original)
+		assert.Equal(t, originalCopy, original)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse with floats", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []float64{1.1, 2.2, 3.3}
+		result := Reverse(input)
+		expected := []float64{3.3, 2.2, 1.1}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse with structs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Person struct {
+			Name string
+			Age  int
+		}
+		input := []Person{
+			{"Alice", 30},
+			{"Bob", 25},
+			{"Charlie", 35},
+		}
+		result := Reverse(input)
+		expected := []Person{
+			{"Charlie", 35},
+			{"Bob", 25},
+			{"Alice", 30},
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse with pointers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a, b, c := 1, 2, 3
+		input := []*int{&a, &b, &c}
+		result := Reverse(input)
+		assert.Equal(t, []*int{&c, &b, &a}, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Double reverse returns original order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		reversed := Reverse(original)
+		doubleReversed := Reverse(reversed)
+		assert.Equal(t, original, doubleReversed)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse with large slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := MakeBy(1000, F.Identity[int])
+		result := Reverse(input)
+
+		// Check first and last elements
+		assert.Equal(t, 999, result[0])
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, result[999])
+
+		// Check length
+		assert.Equal(t, 1000, len(result))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse palindrome", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3, 2, 1}
+		result := Reverse(input)
+		assert.Equal(t, input, result)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestReverseComposition tests Reverse with other array operations
+func TestReverseComposition(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Reverse after Map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			input,
+			Map(N.Mul(2)),
+			Reverse[int],
+		)
+		expected := []int{10, 8, 6, 4, 2}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Map after Reverse", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			input,
+			Reverse[int],
+			Map(N.Mul(2)),
+		)
+		expected := []int{10, 8, 6, 4, 2}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse with Filter", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			input,
+			Filter(func(n int) bool { return n%2 == 0 }),
+			Reverse[int],
+		)
+		expected := []int{6, 4, 2}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse with Reduce", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []string{"a", "b", "c"}
+		reversed := Reverse(input)
+		result := Reduce(func(acc, val string) string {
+			return acc + val
+		}, "")(reversed)
+		assert.Equal(t, "cba", result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse with Flatten", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := [][]int{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}}
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			input,
+			Reverse[[]int],
+			Flatten[int],
+		)
+		expected := []int{5, 6, 3, 4, 1, 2}
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestReverseUseCases demonstrates practical use cases for Reverse
+func TestReverseUseCases(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Process events in reverse chronological order", func(t *testing.T) {
+		events := []string{"2024-01-01", "2024-01-02", "2024-01-03"}
+		reversed := Reverse(events)
+
+		// Most recent first
+		assert.Equal(t, "2024-01-03", reversed[0])
+		assert.Equal(t, "2024-01-01", reversed[2])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Implement stack behavior (LIFO)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		stack := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		reversed := Reverse(stack)
+
+		// Pop from reversed (LIFO)
+		assert.Equal(t, 5, reversed[0])
+		assert.Equal(t, 4, reversed[1])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse string characters", func(t *testing.T) {
+		chars := []rune("hello")
+		reversed := Reverse(chars)
+		result := string(reversed)
+		assert.Equal(t, "olleh", result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Check palindrome", func(t *testing.T) {
+		word := []rune("racecar")
+		reversed := Reverse(word)
+		assert.Equal(t, word, reversed)
+
+		notPalindrome := []rune("hello")
+		reversedNot := Reverse(notPalindrome)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, notPalindrome, reversedNot)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reverse transformation pipeline", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Apply transformations in reverse order
+		numbers := []int{1, 2, 3}
+
+		// Normal: add 10, then multiply by 2
+		normal := F.Pipe2(
+			numbers,
+			Map(N.Add(10)),
+			Map(N.Mul(2)),
+		)
+
+		// Reversed order of operations
+		reversed := F.Pipe2(
+			numbers,
+			Map(N.Mul(2)),
+			Map(N.Add(10)),
+		)
+
+		assert.NotEqual(t, normal, reversed)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{22, 24, 26}, normal)
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{12, 14, 16}, reversed)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestReverseProperties tests mathematical properties of Reverse
+func TestReverseProperties(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Involution property: Reverse(Reverse(x)) == x", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testCases := [][]int{
+			{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
+			{1},
+			{},
+			{1, 2},
+			{5, 4, 3, 2, 1},
+		}
+
+		for _, original := range testCases {
+			result := Reverse(Reverse(original))
+			assert.Equal(t, original, result)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Length preservation: len(Reverse(x)) == len(x)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testCases := [][]int{
+			{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
+			{1},
+			{},
+			MakeBy(100, F.Identity[int]),
+		}
+
+		for _, input := range testCases {
+			result := Reverse(input)
+			assert.Equal(t, len(input), len(result))
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("First element becomes last", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		result := Reverse(input)
+
+		if len(input) > 0 {
+			assert.Equal(t, input[0], result[len(result)-1])
+			assert.Equal(t, input[len(input)-1], result[0])
+		}
+	})
+}

v2/array/eq.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 	E "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/eq"
 )
 
-func equals[T any](left []T, right []T, eq func(T, T) bool) bool {
+func equals[T any](left, right []T, eq func(T, T) bool) bool {
 	if len(left) != len(right) {
 		return false
 	}

v2/array/generic/array.go

@@ -140,22 +140,27 @@ func Empty[GA ~[]A, A any]() GA {
 	return array.Empty[GA]()
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func UpsertAt[GA ~[]A, A any](a A) func(GA) GA {
 	return array.UpsertAt[GA](a)
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func MonadMap[GA ~[]A, GB ~[]B, A, B any](as GA, f func(a A) B) GB {
 	return array.MonadMap[GA, GB](as, f)
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func Map[GA ~[]A, GB ~[]B, A, B any](f func(a A) B) func(GA) GB {
 	return array.Map[GA, GB](f)
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func MonadMapWithIndex[GA ~[]A, GB ~[]B, A, B any](as GA, f func(int, A) B) GB {
 	return array.MonadMapWithIndex[GA, GB](as, f)
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func MapWithIndex[GA ~[]A, GB ~[]B, A, B any](f func(int, A) B) func(GA) GB {
 	return F.Bind2nd(MonadMapWithIndex[GA, GB, A, B], f)
 }
@@ -297,7 +302,7 @@ func MatchLeft[AS ~[]A, A, B any](onEmpty func() B, onNonEmpty func(A, AS) B) fu
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func Slice[AS ~[]A, A any](start int, end int) func(AS) AS {
+func Slice[AS ~[]A, A any](start, end int) func(AS) AS {
 	return array.Slice[AS](start, end)
 }
 
@@ -361,6 +366,12 @@ func Flap[FAB ~func(A) B, GFAB ~[]FAB, GB ~[]B, A, B any](a A) func(GFAB) GB {
 	return FC.Flap(Map[GFAB, GB], a)
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func Prepend[ENDO ~func(AS) AS, AS []A, A any](head A) ENDO {
 	return array.Prepend[ENDO](head)
 }
+
+//go:inline
+func Reverse[GT ~[]T, T any](as GT) GT {
+	return array.Reverse(as)
+}

v2/array/nonempty/array.go

@@ -18,14 +18,11 @@ package nonempty
 import (
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/array/generic"
 	EM "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/endomorphism"
-	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/array"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
 	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/semigroup"
 )
 
-// NonEmptyArray represents an array with at least one element
-type NonEmptyArray[A any] []A
-
 // Of constructs a single element array
 func Of[A any](first A) NonEmptyArray[A] {
 	return G.Of[NonEmptyArray[A]](first)
@@ -44,20 +41,24 @@ func From[A any](first A, data ...A) NonEmptyArray[A] {
 	return buffer
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func IsEmpty[A any](_ NonEmptyArray[A]) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func IsNonEmpty[A any](_ NonEmptyArray[A]) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func MonadMap[A, B any](as NonEmptyArray[A], f func(a A) B) NonEmptyArray[B] {
 	return G.MonadMap[NonEmptyArray[A], NonEmptyArray[B]](as, f)
 }
 
-func Map[A, B any](f func(a A) B) func(NonEmptyArray[A]) NonEmptyArray[B] {
-	return F.Bind2nd(MonadMap[A, B], f)
+//go:inline
+func Map[A, B any](f func(a A) B) Operator[A, B] {
+	return G.Map[NonEmptyArray[A], NonEmptyArray[B]](f)
 }
 
 func Reduce[A, B any](f func(B, A) B, initial B) func(NonEmptyArray[A]) B {
@@ -72,22 +73,27 @@ func ReduceRight[A, B any](f func(A, B) B, initial B) func(NonEmptyArray[A]) B {
 	}
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func Tail[A any](as NonEmptyArray[A]) []A {
 	return as[1:]
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func Head[A any](as NonEmptyArray[A]) A {
 	return as[0]
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func First[A any](as NonEmptyArray[A]) A {
 	return as[0]
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func Last[A any](as NonEmptyArray[A]) A {
 	return as[len(as)-1]
 }
 
+//go:inline
 func Size[A any](as NonEmptyArray[A]) int {
 	return G.Size(as)
 }
@@ -96,11 +102,11 @@ func Flatten[A any](mma NonEmptyArray[NonEmptyArray[A]]) NonEmptyArray[A] {
 	return G.Flatten(mma)
 }
 
-func MonadChain[A, B any](fa NonEmptyArray[A], f func(a A) NonEmptyArray[B]) NonEmptyArray[B] {
+func MonadChain[A, B any](fa NonEmptyArray[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) NonEmptyArray[B] {
 	return G.MonadChain(fa, f)
 }
 
-func Chain[A, B any](f func(A) NonEmptyArray[B]) func(NonEmptyArray[A]) NonEmptyArray[B] {
+func Chain[A, B any](f func(A) NonEmptyArray[B]) Operator[A, B] {
 	return G.Chain[NonEmptyArray[A]](f)
 }
 
@@ -134,3 +140,89 @@ func Fold[A any](s S.Semigroup[A]) func(NonEmptyArray[A]) A {
 func Prepend[A any](head A) EM.Endomorphism[NonEmptyArray[A]] {
 	return array.Prepend[EM.Endomorphism[NonEmptyArray[A]]](head)
 }
+
+// ToNonEmptyArray attempts to convert a regular slice into a NonEmptyArray.
+// This function provides a safe way to create a NonEmptyArray from a slice that might be empty,
+// returning an Option type to handle the case where the input slice is empty.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The element type of the array
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - as: A regular slice that may or may not be empty
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - Option[NonEmptyArray[A]]: Some(NonEmptyArray) if the input slice is non-empty, None if empty
+//
+// Behavior:
+//   - If the input slice is empty, returns None
+//   - If the input slice has at least one element, wraps it in Some and returns it as a NonEmptyArray
+//   - The conversion is a type cast, so no data is copied
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	// Convert non-empty slice
+//	numbers := []int{1, 2, 3}
+//	result := ToNonEmptyArray(numbers)  // Some(NonEmptyArray[1, 2, 3])
+//
+//	// Convert empty slice
+//	empty := []int{}
+//	result := ToNonEmptyArray(empty)  // None
+//
+//	// Use with Option methods
+//	numbers := []int{1, 2, 3}
+//	result := ToNonEmptyArray(numbers)
+//	if O.IsSome(result) {
+//	    nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From(0)))(result)
+//	    head := Head(nea)  // 1
+//	}
+//
+// Use cases:
+//   - Safely converting user input or external data to NonEmptyArray
+//   - Validating that a collection has at least one element before processing
+//   - Converting results from functions that return regular slices
+//   - Ensuring type safety when working with collections that must not be empty
+//
+// Example with validation:
+//
+//	func processItems(items []string) Option[string] {
+//	    return F.Pipe2(
+//	        items,
+//	        ToNonEmptyArray[string],
+//	        O.Map(func(nea NonEmptyArray[string]) string {
+//	            return Head(nea)  // Safe to get head since we know it's non-empty
+//	        }),
+//	    )
+//	}
+//
+// Example with error handling:
+//
+//	items := []int{1, 2, 3}
+//	result := ToNonEmptyArray(items)
+//	switch {
+//	case O.IsSome(result):
+//	    nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From(0)))(result)
+//	    fmt.Println("First item:", Head(nea))
+//	case O.IsNone(result):
+//	    fmt.Println("Array is empty")
+//	}
+//
+// Example with chaining:
+//
+//	// Process only if non-empty
+//	result := F.Pipe3(
+//	    []int{1, 2, 3},
+//	    ToNonEmptyArray[int],
+//	    O.Map(Map(func(x int) int { return x * 2 })),
+//	    O.Map(Head[int]),
+//	)  // Some(2)
+//
+// Note: This function is particularly useful when working with APIs or functions
+// that return regular slices but you need the type-level guarantee that the
+// collection is non-empty for subsequent operations.
+func ToNonEmptyArray[A any](as []A) Option[NonEmptyArray[A]] {
+	if G.IsEmpty(as) {
+		return option.None[NonEmptyArray[A]]()
+	}
+	return option.Some(NonEmptyArray[A](as))
+}

v2/array/nonempty/array_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package nonempty
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// TestToNonEmptyArray tests the ToNonEmptyArray function
+func TestToNonEmptyArray(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Convert non-empty slice of integers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(input)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From(0)))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 3, Size(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, Head(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, 3, Last(nea))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Convert empty slice returns None", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(input)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsNone(result))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Convert single element slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []string{"hello"}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(input)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From("")))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, Size(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, "hello", Head(nea))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Convert non-empty slice of strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d"}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(input)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From("")))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 4, Size(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, "a", Head(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, "d", Last(nea))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Convert nil slice returns None", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var input []int
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(input)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsNone(result))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Convert slice with struct elements", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Person struct {
+			Name string
+			Age  int
+		}
+		input := []Person{
+			{Name: "Alice", Age: 30},
+			{Name: "Bob", Age: 25},
+		}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(input)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From(Person{})))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, Size(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, "Alice", Head(nea).Name)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Convert slice with pointer elements", func(t *testing.T) {
+		val1, val2 := 10, 20
+		input := []*int{&val1, &val2}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(input)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From[*int](nil)))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, Size(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, 10, *Head(nea))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Convert large slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := make([]int, 1000)
+		for i := range input {
+			input[i] = i
+		}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(input)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From(0)))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1000, Size(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, Head(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, 999, Last(nea))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Convert slice with float64 elements", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []float64{1.5, 2.5, 3.5}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(input)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From(0.0)))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 3, Size(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, 1.5, Head(nea))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Convert slice with boolean elements", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []bool{true, false, true}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(input)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From(false)))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 3, Size(nea))
+		assert.True(t, Head(nea))
+	})
+}
+
+// TestToNonEmptyArrayWithOption tests ToNonEmptyArray with Option operations
+func TestToNonEmptyArrayWithOption(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Chain with Map to process elements", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			input,
+			ToNonEmptyArray[int],
+			O.Map(Map(func(x int) int { return x * 2 })),
+		)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From(0)))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, Head(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, 6, Last(nea))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Chain with Map to get head", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []string{"first", "second", "third"}
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			input,
+			ToNonEmptyArray[string],
+			O.Map(Head[string]),
+		)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		value := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(""))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, "first", value)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("GetOrElse with default value for empty slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{}
+		defaultValue := From(42)
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			input,
+			ToNonEmptyArray[int],
+			O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(defaultValue)),
+		)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, Size(result))
+		assert.Equal(t, 42, Head(result))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("GetOrElse with default value for non-empty slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		defaultValue := From(42)
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			input,
+			ToNonEmptyArray[int],
+			O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(defaultValue)),
+		)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 3, Size(result))
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, Head(result))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Fold with Some case", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			input,
+			ToNonEmptyArray[int],
+			O.Fold(
+				F.Constant(0),
+				func(nea NonEmptyArray[int]) int { return Head(nea) },
+			),
+		)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Fold with None case", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{}
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			input,
+			ToNonEmptyArray[int],
+			O.Fold(
+				F.Constant(-1),
+				func(nea NonEmptyArray[int]) int { return Head(nea) },
+			),
+		)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, -1, result)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestToNonEmptyArrayComposition tests composing ToNonEmptyArray with other operations
+func TestToNonEmptyArrayComposition(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Compose with filter-like operation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		// Filter even numbers then convert
+		filtered := []int{}
+		for _, x := range input {
+			if x%2 == 0 {
+				filtered = append(filtered, x)
+			}
+		}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(filtered)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From(0)))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, Size(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, Head(nea))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Compose with map operation before conversion", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		// Map then convert
+		mapped := make([]int, len(input))
+		for i, x := range input {
+			mapped[i] = x * 10
+		}
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(mapped)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From(0)))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 10, Head(nea))
+		assert.Equal(t, 30, Last(nea))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Chain multiple Option operations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		input := []int{5, 10, 15}
+		result := F.Pipe3(
+			input,
+			ToNonEmptyArray[int],
+			O.Map(Map(func(x int) int { return x / 5 })),
+			O.Map(func(nea NonEmptyArray[int]) int {
+				return Head(nea) + Last(nea)
+			}),
+		)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		value := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(0))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, 4, value) // 1 + 3
+	})
+}
+
+// TestToNonEmptyArrayUseCases demonstrates practical use cases
+func TestToNonEmptyArrayUseCases(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Validate user input has at least one item", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Simulate user input
+		userInput := []string{"item1", "item2"}
+
+		result := ToNonEmptyArray(userInput)
+		if O.IsSome(result) {
+			nea := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(From("")))(result)
+			firstItem := Head(nea)
+			assert.Equal(t, "item1", firstItem)
+		} else {
+			t.Fatal("Expected Some but got None")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Process only non-empty collections", func(t *testing.T) {
+		processItems := func(items []int) Option[int] {
+			return F.Pipe2(
+				items,
+				ToNonEmptyArray[int],
+				O.Map(func(nea NonEmptyArray[int]) int {
+					// Safe to use Head since we know it's non-empty
+					return Head(nea) * 2
+				}),
+			)
+		}
+
+		result1 := processItems([]int{5, 10, 15})
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result1))
+		assert.Equal(t, 10, O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(0))(result1))
+
+		result2 := processItems([]int{})
+		assert.True(t, O.IsNone(result2))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Convert API response to NonEmptyArray", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Simulate API response
+		type APIResponse struct {
+			Items []string
+		}
+
+		response := APIResponse{Items: []string{"data1", "data2", "data3"}}
+
+		result := F.Pipe2(
+			response.Items,
+			ToNonEmptyArray[string],
+			O.Map(func(nea NonEmptyArray[string]) string {
+				return "First item: " + Head(nea)
+			}),
+		)
+
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result))
+		message := O.GetOrElse(F.Constant("No items"))(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, "First item: data1", message)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Ensure collection is non-empty before processing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		calculateAverage := func(numbers []float64) Option[float64] {
+			return F.Pipe2(
+				numbers,
+				ToNonEmptyArray[float64],
+				O.Map(func(nea NonEmptyArray[float64]) float64 {
+					sum := 0.0
+					for _, n := range nea {
+						sum += n
+					}
+					return sum / float64(Size(nea))
+				}),
+			)
+		}
+
+		result1 := calculateAverage([]float64{10.0, 20.0, 30.0})
+		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(result1))
+		assert.Equal(t, 20.0, O.GetOrElse(F.Constant(0.0))(result1))
+
+		result2 := calculateAverage([]float64{})
+		assert.True(t, O.IsNone(result2))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Safe head extraction with type guarantee", func(t *testing.T) {
+		getFirstOrDefault := func(items []string, defaultValue string) string {
+			return F.Pipe2(
+				items,
+				ToNonEmptyArray[string],
+				O.Fold(
+					F.Constant(defaultValue),
+					Head[string],
+				),
+			)
+		}
+
+		result1 := getFirstOrDefault([]string{"a", "b", "c"}, "default")
+		assert.Equal(t, "a", result1)
+
+		result2 := getFirstOrDefault([]string{}, "default")
+		assert.Equal(t, "default", result2)
+	})
+}

v2/array/nonempty/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package nonempty
+
+import "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+
+type (
+
+	// NonEmptyArray represents an array with at least one element
+	NonEmptyArray[A any] []A
+
+	Kleisli[A, B any] = func(A) NonEmptyArray[B]
+
+	Operator[A, B any] = Kleisli[NonEmptyArray[A], B]
+
+	Option[A any] = option.Option[A]
+)

v2/assert/assert.go

@@ -0,0 +1,710 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package assert provides functional assertion helpers for testing.
+//
+// This package wraps testify/assert functions in a Reader monad pattern,
+// allowing for composable and functional test assertions. Each assertion
+// returns a Reader that takes a *testing.T and performs the assertion.
+//
+// # Data Last Principle
+//
+// This package follows the "data last" functional programming principle, where
+// the data being operated on comes as the last parameter in a chain of function
+// applications. This design enables several powerful functional programming patterns:
+//
+//  1. **Partial Application**: You can create reusable assertion functions by providing
+//     configuration parameters first, leaving the data and testing context for later.
+//
+//  2. **Function Composition**: Assertions can be composed and combined before being
+//     applied to actual data.
+//
+//  3. **Point-Free Style**: You can pass assertion functions around without immediately
+//     providing the data they operate on.
+//
+// The general pattern is:
+//
+//	assert.Function(config)(data)(testingContext)
+//	               ↑        ↑     ↑
+//	            expected  actual  *testing.T (always last)
+//
+// For single-parameter assertions:
+//
+//	assert.Function(data)(testingContext)
+//	                ↑     ↑
+//	              actual  *testing.T (always last)
+//
+// Examples of "data last" in action:
+//
+//	// Multi-parameter: expected value → actual value → testing context
+//	assert.Equal(42)(result)(t)
+//	assert.ArrayContains(3)(numbers)(t)
+//
+//	// Single-parameter: data → testing context
+//	assert.NoError(err)(t)
+//	assert.ArrayNotEmpty(arr)(t)
+//
+//	// Partial application - create reusable assertions
+//	isPositive := assert.That(func(n int) bool { return n > 0 })
+//	// Later, apply to different values:
+//	isPositive(42)(t)   // Passes
+//	isPositive(-5)(t)   // Fails
+//
+//	// Composition - combine assertions before applying data
+//	validateUser := func(u User) assert.Reader {
+//	    return assert.AllOf([]assert.Reader{
+//	        assert.Equal("Alice")(u.Name),
+//	        assert.That(func(age int) bool { return age >= 18 })(u.Age),
+//	    })
+//	}
+//	validateUser(user)(t)
+//
+// The package supports:
+//   - Equality and inequality assertions
+//   - Collection assertions (arrays, maps, strings)
+//   - Error handling assertions
+//   - Result type assertions
+//   - Custom predicate assertions
+//   - Composable test suites
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestExample(t *testing.T) {
+//	    value := 42
+//	    assert.Equal(42)(value)(t)  // Curried style
+//
+//	    // Composing multiple assertions
+//	    arr := []int{1, 2, 3}
+//	    assertions := assert.AllOf([]assert.Reader{
+//	        assert.ArrayNotEmpty(arr),
+//	        assert.ArrayLength[int](3)(arr),
+//	        assert.ArrayContains(2)(arr),
+//	    })
+//	    assertions(t)
+//	}
+package assert
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/boolean"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/eq"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+var (
+	// Eq is the equal predicate checking if objects are equal
+	Eq = eq.FromEquals(assert.ObjectsAreEqual)
+)
+
+// wrap1 is an internal helper function that wraps testify assertion functions
+// into the Reader monad pattern with curried parameters.
+//
+// It takes a testify assertion function and converts it into a curried function
+// that first takes an expected value, then an actual value, and finally returns
+// a Reader that performs the assertion when given a *testing.T.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - wrapped: The testify assertion function to wrap
+//   - expected: The expected value for comparison
+//   - msgAndArgs: Optional message and arguments for assertion failure
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Kleisli function that takes the actual value and returns a Reader
+func wrap1[T any](wrapped func(t assert.TestingT, expected, actual any, msgAndArgs ...any) bool, expected T, msgAndArgs ...any) Kleisli[T] {
+	return func(actual T) Reader {
+		return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+			return wrapped(t, expected, actual, msgAndArgs...)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// NotEqual tests if the expected and the actual values are not equal.
+//
+// This function follows the "data last" principle - you provide the expected value first,
+// then the actual value, and finally the testing.T context.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestNotEqual(t *testing.T) {
+//	    value := 42
+//	    assert.NotEqual(10)(value)(t)  // Passes: 42 != 10
+//	    assert.NotEqual(42)(value)(t)  // Fails: 42 == 42
+//	}
+func NotEqual[T any](expected T) Kleisli[T] {
+	return wrap1(assert.NotEqual, expected)
+}
+
+// Equal tests if the expected and the actual values are equal.
+//
+// This is one of the most commonly used assertions. It follows the "data last" principle -
+// you provide the expected value first, then the actual value, and finally the testing.T context.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestEqual(t *testing.T) {
+//	    result := 2 + 2
+//	    assert.Equal(4)(result)(t)  // Passes
+//
+//	    name := "Alice"
+//	    assert.Equal("Alice")(name)(t)  // Passes
+//
+//	    // Can be composed with other assertions
+//	    user := User{Name: "Bob", Age: 30}
+//	    assertions := assert.AllOf([]assert.Reader{
+//	        assert.Equal("Bob")(user.Name),
+//	        assert.Equal(30)(user.Age),
+//	    })
+//	    assertions(t)
+//	}
+func Equal[T any](expected T) Kleisli[T] {
+	return wrap1(assert.Equal, expected)
+}
+
+// ArrayNotEmpty checks if an array is not empty.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestArrayNotEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+//	    numbers := []int{1, 2, 3}
+//	    assert.ArrayNotEmpty(numbers)(t)  // Passes
+//
+//	    empty := []int{}
+//	    assert.ArrayNotEmpty(empty)(t)  // Fails
+//	}
+func ArrayNotEmpty[T any](arr []T) Reader {
+	return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+		return assert.NotEmpty(t, arr)
+	}
+}
+
+// RecordNotEmpty checks if a map is not empty.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestRecordNotEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+//	    config := map[string]int{"timeout": 30, "retries": 3}
+//	    assert.RecordNotEmpty(config)(t)  // Passes
+//
+//	    empty := map[string]int{}
+//	    assert.RecordNotEmpty(empty)(t)  // Fails
+//	}
+func RecordNotEmpty[K comparable, T any](mp map[K]T) Reader {
+	return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+		return assert.NotEmpty(t, mp)
+	}
+}
+
+// StringNotEmpty checks if a string is not empty.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestStringNotEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+//	    message := "Hello, World!"
+//	    assert.StringNotEmpty(message)(t)  // Passes
+//
+//	    empty := ""
+//	    assert.StringNotEmpty(empty)(t)  // Fails
+//	}
+func StringNotEmpty(s string) Reader {
+	return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+		return assert.NotEmpty(t, s)
+	}
+}
+
+// ArrayLength tests if an array has the expected length.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestArrayLength(t *testing.T) {
+//	    numbers := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+//	    assert.ArrayLength[int](5)(numbers)(t)  // Passes
+//	    assert.ArrayLength[int](3)(numbers)(t)  // Fails
+//	}
+func ArrayLength[T any](expected int) Kleisli[[]T] {
+	return func(actual []T) Reader {
+		return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+			return assert.Len(t, actual, expected)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// RecordLength tests if a map has the expected length.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestRecordLength(t *testing.T) {
+//	    config := map[string]string{"host": "localhost", "port": "8080"}
+//	    assert.RecordLength[string, string](2)(config)(t)  // Passes
+//	    assert.RecordLength[string, string](3)(config)(t)  // Fails
+//	}
+func RecordLength[K comparable, T any](expected int) Kleisli[map[K]T] {
+	return func(actual map[K]T) Reader {
+		return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+			return assert.Len(t, actual, expected)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// StringLength tests if a string has the expected length.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestStringLength(t *testing.T) {
+//	    message := "Hello"
+//	    assert.StringLength[any, any](5)(message)(t)  // Passes
+//	    assert.StringLength[any, any](10)(message)(t)  // Fails
+//	}
+func StringLength[K comparable, T any](expected int) Kleisli[string] {
+	return func(actual string) Reader {
+		return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+			return assert.Len(t, actual, expected)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// NoError validates that there is no error.
+//
+// This is commonly used to assert that operations complete successfully.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestNoError(t *testing.T) {
+//	    err := doSomething()
+//	    assert.NoError(err)(t)  // Passes if err is nil
+//
+//	    // Can be used with result types
+//	    result := result.TryCatch(func() (int, error) {
+//	        return 42, nil
+//	    })
+//	    assert.Success(result)(t)  // Uses NoError internally
+//	}
+func NoError(err error) Reader {
+	return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+		return assert.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Error validates that there is an error.
+//
+// This is used to assert that operations fail as expected.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestError(t *testing.T) {
+//	    err := validateInput("")
+//	    assert.Error(err)(t)  // Passes if err is not nil
+//
+//	    err2 := validateInput("valid")
+//	    assert.Error(err2)(t)  // Fails if err2 is nil
+//	}
+func Error(err error) Reader {
+	return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+		return assert.Error(t, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Success checks if a [Result] represents success.
+//
+// This is a convenience function for testing Result types from the fp-go library.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+//	    res := result.Of[int](42)
+//	    assert.Success(res)(t)  // Passes
+//
+//	    failedRes := result.Error[int](errors.New("failed"))
+//	    assert.Success(failedRes)(t)  // Fails
+//	}
+func Success[T any](res Result[T]) Reader {
+	return NoError(result.ToError(res))
+}
+
+// Failure checks if a [Result] represents failure.
+//
+// This is a convenience function for testing Result types from the fp-go library.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestFailure(t *testing.T) {
+//	    res := result.Error[int](errors.New("something went wrong"))
+//	    assert.Failure(res)(t)  // Passes
+//
+//	    successRes := result.Of[int](42)
+//	    assert.Failure(successRes)(t)  // Fails
+//	}
+func Failure[T any](res Result[T]) Reader {
+	return Error(result.ToError(res))
+}
+
+// ArrayContains tests if a value is contained in an array.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestArrayContains(t *testing.T) {
+//	    numbers := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+//	    assert.ArrayContains(3)(numbers)(t)  // Passes
+//	    assert.ArrayContains(10)(numbers)(t)  // Fails
+//
+//	    names := []string{"Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"}
+//	    assert.ArrayContains("Bob")(names)(t)  // Passes
+//	}
+func ArrayContains[T any](expected T) Kleisli[[]T] {
+	return func(actual []T) Reader {
+		return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+			return assert.Contains(t, actual, expected)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ContainsKey tests if a key is contained in a map.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestContainsKey(t *testing.T) {
+//	    config := map[string]int{"timeout": 30, "retries": 3}
+//	    assert.ContainsKey[int]("timeout")(config)(t)  // Passes
+//	    assert.ContainsKey[int]("maxSize")(config)(t)  // Fails
+//	}
+func ContainsKey[T any, K comparable](expected K) Kleisli[map[K]T] {
+	return func(actual map[K]T) Reader {
+		return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+			return assert.Contains(t, actual, expected)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// NotContainsKey tests if a key is not contained in a map.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestNotContainsKey(t *testing.T) {
+//	    config := map[string]int{"timeout": 30, "retries": 3}
+//	    assert.NotContainsKey[int]("maxSize")(config)(t)  // Passes
+//	    assert.NotContainsKey[int]("timeout")(config)(t)  // Fails
+//	}
+func NotContainsKey[T any, K comparable](expected K) Kleisli[map[K]T] {
+	return func(actual map[K]T) Reader {
+		return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+			return assert.NotContains(t, actual, expected)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// That asserts that a particular predicate matches.
+//
+// This is a powerful function that allows you to create custom assertions using predicates.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestThat(t *testing.T) {
+//	    // Test if a number is positive
+//	    isPositive := func(n int) bool { return n > 0 }
+//	    assert.That(isPositive)(42)(t)  // Passes
+//	    assert.That(isPositive)(-5)(t)  // Fails
+//
+//	    // Test if a string is uppercase
+//	    isUppercase := func(s string) bool { return s == strings.ToUpper(s) }
+//	    assert.That(isUppercase)("HELLO")(t)  // Passes
+//	    assert.That(isUppercase)("Hello")(t)  // Fails
+//
+//	    // Can be combined with Local for property testing
+//	    type User struct { Age int }
+//	    ageIsAdult := assert.Local(func(u User) int { return u.Age })(
+//	        assert.That(func(age int) bool { return age >= 18 }),
+//	    )
+//	    user := User{Age: 25}
+//	    ageIsAdult(user)(t)  // Passes
+//	}
+func That[T any](pred Predicate[T]) Kleisli[T] {
+	return func(a T) Reader {
+		return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+			if pred(a) {
+				return true
+			}
+			return assert.Fail(t, fmt.Sprintf("Preficate %v does not match value %v", pred, a))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// AllOf combines multiple assertion Readers into a single Reader that passes
+// only if all assertions pass.
+//
+// This function uses boolean AND logic (MonoidAll) to combine the results of
+// all assertions. If any assertion fails, the combined assertion fails.
+//
+// This is useful for grouping related assertions together and ensuring all
+// conditions are met.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - readers: Array of assertion Readers to combine
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A single Reader that performs all assertions and returns true only if all pass
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestUser(t *testing.T) {
+//	    user := User{Name: "Alice", Age: 30, Active: true}
+//	    assertions := assert.AllOf([]assert.Reader{
+//	        assert.Equal("Alice")(user.Name),
+//	        assert.Equal(30)(user.Age),
+//	        assert.Equal(true)(user.Active),
+//	    })
+//	    assertions(t)
+//	}
+//
+//go:inline
+func AllOf(readers []Reader) Reader {
+	return reader.MonadReduceArrayM(readers, boolean.MonoidAll)
+}
+
+// RunAll executes a map of named test cases, running each as a subtest.
+//
+// This function creates a Reader that runs multiple named test cases using
+// Go's t.Run for proper test isolation and reporting. Each test case is
+// executed as a separate subtest with its own name.
+//
+// The function returns true only if all subtests pass. This allows for
+// better test organization and clearer test output.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - testcases: Map of test names to assertion Readers
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Reader that executes all named test cases and returns true if all pass
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	func TestMathOperations(t *testing.T) {
+//	    testcases := map[string]assert.Reader{
+//	        "addition":       assert.Equal(4)(2 + 2),
+//	        "multiplication": assert.Equal(6)(2 * 3),
+//	        "subtraction":    assert.Equal(1)(3 - 2),
+//	    }
+//	    assert.RunAll(testcases)(t)
+//	}
+//
+//go:inline
+func RunAll(testcases map[string]Reader) Reader {
+	return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+		current := true
+		for k, r := range testcases {
+			current = current && t.Run(k, func(t1 *testing.T) {
+				r(t1)
+			})
+		}
+		return current
+	}
+}
+
+// Local transforms a Reader that works on type R1 into a Reader that works on type R2,
+// by providing a function that converts R2 to R1. This allows you to focus a test on a
+// specific property or subset of a larger data structure.
+//
+// This is particularly useful when you have an assertion that operates on a specific field
+// or property, and you want to apply it to a complete object. Instead of extracting the
+// property and then asserting on it, you can transform the assertion to work directly
+// on the whole object.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: A function that extracts or transforms R2 into R1
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A function that transforms a Reader[R1, Reader] into a Reader[R2, Reader]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type User struct {
+//	    Name string
+//	    Age  int
+//	}
+//
+//	// Create an assertion that checks if age is positive
+//	ageIsPositive := assert.That(func(age int) bool { return age > 0 })
+//
+//	// Focus this assertion on the Age field of User
+//	userAgeIsPositive := assert.Local(func(u User) int { return u.Age })(ageIsPositive)
+//
+//	// Now we can test the whole User object
+//	user := User{Name: "Alice", Age: 30}
+//	userAgeIsPositive(user)(t)
+//
+//go:inline
+func Local[R1, R2 any](f func(R2) R1) func(Kleisli[R1]) Kleisli[R2] {
+	return reader.Local[Reader](f)
+}
+
+// LocalL is similar to Local but uses a Lens to focus on a specific property.
+// A Lens is a functional programming construct that provides a composable way to
+// focus on a part of a data structure.
+//
+// This function is particularly useful when you want to focus a test on a specific
+// field of a struct using a lens, making the code more declarative and composable.
+// Lenses are often code-generated or predefined for common data structures.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - l: A Lens that focuses from type S to type T
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A function that transforms a Reader[T, Reader] into a Reader[S, Reader]
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type Person struct {
+//	    Name  string
+//	    Email string
+//	}
+//
+//	// Assume we have a lens that focuses on the Email field
+//	var emailLens = lens.Prop[Person, string]("Email")
+//
+//	// Create an assertion for email format
+//	validEmail := assert.That(func(email string) bool {
+//	    return strings.Contains(email, "@")
+//	})
+//
+//	// Focus this assertion on the Email property using a lens
+//	validPersonEmail := assert.LocalL(emailLens)(validEmail)
+//
+//	// Test a Person object
+//	person := Person{Name: "Bob", Email: "bob@example.com"}
+//	validPersonEmail(person)(t)
+//
+//go:inline
+func LocalL[S, T any](l Lens[S, T]) func(Kleisli[T]) Kleisli[S] {
+	return reader.Local[Reader](l.Get)
+}
+
+// fromOptionalGetter is an internal helper that creates an assertion Reader from
+// an optional getter function. It asserts that the optional value is present (Some).
+func fromOptionalGetter[S, T any](getter func(S) option.Option[T], msgAndArgs ...any) Kleisli[S] {
+	return func(s S) Reader {
+		return func(t *testing.T) bool {
+			return assert.True(t, option.IsSome(getter(s)), msgAndArgs...)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// FromOptional creates an assertion that checks if an Optional can successfully extract a value.
+// An Optional is an optic that represents an optional reference to a subpart of a data structure.
+//
+// This function is useful when you have an Optional optic and want to assert that the optional
+// value is present (Some) rather than absent (None). The assertion passes if the Optional's
+// GetOption returns Some, and fails if it returns None.
+//
+// This enables property-focused testing where you verify that a particular optional field or
+// sub-structure exists and is accessible.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - opt: An Optional optic that focuses from type S to type T
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Reader that asserts the optional value is present when applied to a value of type S
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type Config struct {
+//	    Database *DatabaseConfig  // Optional field
+//	}
+//
+//	type DatabaseConfig struct {
+//	    Host string
+//	    Port int
+//	}
+//
+//	// Create an Optional that focuses on the Database field
+//	dbOptional := optional.MakeOptional(
+//	    func(c Config) option.Option[*DatabaseConfig] {
+//	        if c.Database != nil {
+//	            return option.Some(c.Database)
+//	        }
+//	        return option.None[*DatabaseConfig]()
+//	    },
+//	    func(c Config, db *DatabaseConfig) Config {
+//	        c.Database = db
+//	        return c
+//	    },
+//	)
+//
+//	// Assert that the database config is present
+//	hasDatabaseConfig := assert.FromOptional(dbOptional)
+//
+//	config := Config{Database: &DatabaseConfig{Host: "localhost", Port: 5432}}
+//	hasDatabaseConfig(config)(t)  // Passes
+//
+//	emptyConfig := Config{Database: nil}
+//	hasDatabaseConfig(emptyConfig)(t)  // Fails
+//
+//go:inline
+func FromOptional[S, T any](opt Optional[S, T]) reader.Reader[S, Reader] {
+	return fromOptionalGetter(opt.GetOption, "Optional: %s", opt)
+}
+
+// FromPrism creates an assertion that checks if a Prism can successfully extract a value.
+// A Prism is an optic used to select part of a sum type (tagged union or variant).
+//
+// This function is useful when you have a Prism optic and want to assert that a value
+// matches a specific variant of a sum type. The assertion passes if the Prism's GetOption
+// returns Some (meaning the value is of the expected variant), and fails if it returns None
+// (meaning the value is a different variant).
+//
+// This enables variant-focused testing where you verify that a value is of a particular
+// type or matches a specific condition within a sum type.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - p: A Prism optic that focuses from type S to type T
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Reader that asserts the prism successfully extracts when applied to a value of type S
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type Result interface{ isResult() }
+//	type Success struct{ Value int }
+//	type Failure struct{ Error string }
+//
+//	func (Success) isResult() {}
+//	func (Failure) isResult() {}
+//
+//	// Create a Prism that focuses on Success variant
+//	successPrism := prism.MakePrism(
+//	    func(r Result) option.Option[int] {
+//	        if s, ok := r.(Success); ok {
+//	            return option.Some(s.Value)
+//	        }
+//	        return option.None[int]()
+//	    },
+//	    func(v int) Result { return Success{Value: v} },
+//	)
+//
+//	// Assert that the result is a Success
+//	isSuccess := assert.FromPrism(successPrism)
+//
+//	result1 := Success{Value: 42}
+//	isSuccess(result1)(t)  // Passes
+//
+//	result2 := Failure{Error: "something went wrong"}
+//	isSuccess(result2)(t)  // Fails
+//
+//go:inline
+func FromPrism[S, T any](p Prism[S, T]) reader.Reader[S, Reader] {
+	return fromOptionalGetter(p.GetOption, "Prism: %s", p)
+}

v2/assert/assert_test.go

@@ -16,94 +16,677 @@
 package assert
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
+	"errors"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/eq"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/prism"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
 )
 
-var (
-	errTest = fmt.Errorf("test failure")
-
-	// Eq is the equal predicate checking if objects are equal
-	Eq = eq.FromEquals(assert.ObjectsAreEqual)
-)
-
-func wrap1[T any](wrapped func(t assert.TestingT, expected, actual any, msgAndArgs ...any) bool, t *testing.T, expected T) result.Kleisli[T, T] {
-	return func(actual T) Result[T] {
-		ok := wrapped(t, expected, actual)
-		if ok {
-			return result.Of(actual)
+func TestEqual(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when values are equal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := Equal(42)(42)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected Equal to pass for equal values")
 		}
-		return result.Left[T](errTest)
-	}
-}
+	})
 
-// NotEqual tests if the expected and the actual values are not equal
-func NotEqual[T any](t *testing.T, expected T) result.Kleisli[T, T] {
-	return wrap1(assert.NotEqual, t, expected)
-}
-
-// Equal tests if the expected and the actual values are equal
-func Equal[T any](t *testing.T, expected T) result.Kleisli[T, T] {
-	return wrap1(assert.Equal, t, expected)
-}
-
-// Length tests if an array has the expected length
-func Length[T any](t *testing.T, expected int) result.Kleisli[[]T, []T] {
-	return func(actual []T) Result[[]T] {
-		ok := assert.Len(t, actual, expected)
-		if ok {
-			return result.Of(actual)
+	t.Run("should fail when values are not equal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		result := Equal(42)(43)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected Equal to fail for different values")
 		}
-		return result.Left[[]T](errTest)
-	}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := Equal("hello")("hello")(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected Equal to pass for equal strings")
+		}
+	})
 }
 
-// NoError validates that there is no error
-func NoError[T any](t *testing.T) result.Operator[T, T] {
-	return func(actual Result[T]) Result[T] {
-		return result.MonadFold(actual, func(e error) Result[T] {
-			assert.NoError(t, e)
-			return result.Left[T](e)
-		}, func(value T) Result[T] {
-			assert.NoError(t, nil)
-			return result.Of(value)
+func TestNotEqual(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when values are not equal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := NotEqual(42)(43)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected NotEqual to pass for different values")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when values are equal", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		result := NotEqual(42)(42)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected NotEqual to fail for equal values")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestArrayNotEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass for non-empty array", func(t *testing.T) {
+		arr := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		result := ArrayNotEmpty(arr)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected ArrayNotEmpty to pass for non-empty array")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail for empty array", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		arr := []int{}
+		result := ArrayNotEmpty(arr)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected ArrayNotEmpty to fail for empty array")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestRecordNotEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass for non-empty map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mp := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+		result := RecordNotEmpty(mp)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected RecordNotEmpty to pass for non-empty map")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail for empty map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		mp := map[string]int{}
+		result := RecordNotEmpty(mp)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected RecordNotEmpty to fail for empty map")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestArrayLength(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when length matches", func(t *testing.T) {
+		arr := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		result := ArrayLength[int](3)(arr)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected ArrayLength to pass when length matches")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when length doesn't match", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		arr := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		result := ArrayLength[int](5)(arr)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected ArrayLength to fail when length doesn't match")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with empty array", func(t *testing.T) {
+		arr := []string{}
+		result := ArrayLength[string](0)(arr)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected ArrayLength to pass for empty array with expected length 0")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestRecordLength(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when map length matches", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mp := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+		result := RecordLength[string, int](2)(mp)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected RecordLength to pass when length matches")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when map length doesn't match", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		mp := map[string]int{"a": 1}
+		result := RecordLength[string, int](3)(mp)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected RecordLength to fail when length doesn't match")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStringLength(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when string length matches", func(t *testing.T) {
+		str := "hello"
+		result := StringLength[string, int](5)(str)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected StringLength to pass when length matches")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when string length doesn't match", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		str := "hello"
+		result := StringLength[string, int](10)(str)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected StringLength to fail when length doesn't match")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with empty string", func(t *testing.T) {
+		str := ""
+		result := StringLength[string, int](0)(str)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected StringLength to pass for empty string with expected length 0")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNoError(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when error is nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := NoError(nil)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected NoError to pass when error is nil")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when error is not nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		err := errors.New("test error")
+		result := NoError(err)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected NoError to fail when error is not nil")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestError(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when error is not nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := errors.New("test error")
+		result := Error(err)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected Error to pass when error is not nil")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when error is nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		result := Error(nil)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected Error to fail when error is nil")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass for successful result", func(t *testing.T) {
+		res := result.Of(42)
+		result := Success(res)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected Success to pass for successful result")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail for error result", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		res := result.Left[int](errors.New("test error"))
+		result := Success(res)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected Success to fail for error result")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass for error result", func(t *testing.T) {
+		res := result.Left[int](errors.New("test error"))
+		result := Failure(res)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected Failure to pass for error result")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail for successful result", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		res := result.Of(42)
+		result := Failure(res)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected Failure to fail for successful result")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestArrayContains(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when element is in array", func(t *testing.T) {
+		arr := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		result := ArrayContains(3)(arr)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected ArrayContains to pass when element is in array")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when element is not in array", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		arr := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		result := ArrayContains(10)(arr)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected ArrayContains to fail when element is not in array")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		arr := []string{"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
+		result := ArrayContains("banana")(arr)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected ArrayContains to pass for string element")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestContainsKey(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when key exists in map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mp := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+		result := ContainsKey[int]("b")(mp)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected ContainsKey to pass when key exists")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when key doesn't exist in map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		mp := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+		result := ContainsKey[int]("z")(mp)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected ContainsKey to fail when key doesn't exist")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNotContainsKey(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when key doesn't exist in map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mp := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+		result := NotContainsKey[int]("z")(mp)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected NotContainsKey to pass when key doesn't exist")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when key exists in map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		mp := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
+		result := NotContainsKey[int]("a")(mp)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected NotContainsKey to fail when key exists")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestThat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when predicate is true", func(t *testing.T) {
+		isEven := func(n int) bool { return n%2 == 0 }
+		result := That(isEven)(42)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected That to pass when predicate is true")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when predicate is false", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		isEven := func(n int) bool { return n%2 == 0 }
+		result := That(isEven)(43)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected That to fail when predicate is false")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with string predicates", func(t *testing.T) {
+		startsWithH := func(s string) bool { return S.IsNonEmpty(s) && s[0] == 'h' }
+		result := That(startsWithH)("hello")(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected That to pass for string predicate")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAllOf(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should pass when all assertions pass", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assertions := AllOf([]Reader{
+			Equal(42)(42),
+			Equal("hello")("hello"),
+			ArrayNotEmpty([]int{1, 2, 3}),
 		})
-	}
+		result := assertions(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected AllOf to pass when all assertions pass")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when any assertion fails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		assertions := AllOf([]Reader{
+			Equal(42)(42),
+			Equal("hello")("goodbye"),
+			ArrayNotEmpty([]int{1, 2, 3}),
+		})
+		result := assertions(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected AllOf to fail when any assertion fails")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with empty array", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assertions := AllOf([]Reader{})
+		result := assertions(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected AllOf to pass for empty array")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should combine multiple array assertions", func(t *testing.T) {
+		arr := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+		assertions := AllOf([]Reader{
+			ArrayNotEmpty(arr),
+			ArrayLength[int](5)(arr),
+			ArrayContains(3)(arr),
+		})
+		result := assertions(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected AllOf to pass for multiple array assertions")
+		}
+	})
 }
 
-// ArrayContains tests if a value is contained in an array
-func ArrayContains[T any](t *testing.T, expected T) result.Kleisli[[]T, []T] {
-	return func(actual []T) Result[[]T] {
-		ok := assert.Contains(t, actual, expected)
-		if ok {
-			return result.Of(actual)
+func TestRunAll(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should run all named test cases", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testcases := map[string]Reader{
+			"equality":     Equal(42)(42),
+			"string_check": Equal("test")("test"),
+			"array_check":  ArrayNotEmpty([]int{1, 2, 3}),
 		}
-		return result.Left[[]T](errTest)
-	}
+		result := RunAll(testcases)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected RunAll to pass when all test cases pass")
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Note: Testing failure behavior of RunAll is tricky because subtests
+	// will actually fail in the test framework. The function works correctly
+	// as demonstrated by the passing test above.
+
+	t.Run("should work with empty test cases", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testcases := map[string]Reader{}
+		result := RunAll(testcases)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected RunAll to pass for empty test cases")
+		}
+	})
 }
 
-// ContainsKey tests if a key is contained in a map
-func ContainsKey[T any, K comparable](t *testing.T, expected K) result.Kleisli[map[K]T, map[K]T] {
-	return func(actual map[K]T) Result[map[K]T] {
-		ok := assert.Contains(t, actual, expected)
-		if ok {
-			return result.Of(actual)
+func TestEq(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("should return true for equal values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if !Eq.Equals(42, 42) {
+			t.Error("Expected Eq to return true for equal integers")
 		}
-		return result.Left[map[K]T](errTest)
-	}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should return false for different values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if Eq.Equals(42, 43) {
+			t.Error("Expected Eq to return false for different integers")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if !Eq.Equals("hello", "hello") {
+			t.Error("Expected Eq to return true for equal strings")
+		}
+		if Eq.Equals("hello", "world") {
+			t.Error("Expected Eq to return false for different strings")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with slices", func(t *testing.T) {
+		arr1 := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		arr2 := []int{1, 2, 3}
+		if !Eq.Equals(arr1, arr2) {
+			t.Error("Expected Eq to return true for equal slices")
+		}
+	})
 }
 
-// NotContainsKey tests if a key is not contained in a map
-func NotContainsKey[T any, K comparable](t *testing.T, expected K) result.Kleisli[map[K]T, map[K]T] {
-	return func(actual map[K]T) Result[map[K]T] {
-		ok := assert.NotContains(t, actual, expected)
-		if ok {
-			return result.Of(actual)
-		}
-		return result.Left[map[K]T](errTest)
+func TestLocal(t *testing.T) {
+	type User struct {
+		Name string
+		Age  int
 	}
+
+	t.Run("should focus assertion on a property", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create an assertion that checks if age is positive
+		ageIsPositive := That(func(age int) bool { return age > 0 })
+
+		// Focus this assertion on the Age field of User
+		userAgeIsPositive := Local(func(u User) int { return u.Age })(ageIsPositive)
+
+		// Test with a user who has a positive age
+		user := User{Name: "Alice", Age: 30}
+		result := userAgeIsPositive(user)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected focused assertion to pass for positive age")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when focused property doesn't match", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		ageIsPositive := That(func(age int) bool { return age > 0 })
+		userAgeIsPositive := Local(func(u User) int { return u.Age })(ageIsPositive)
+
+		// Test with a user who has zero age
+		user := User{Name: "Bob", Age: 0}
+		result := userAgeIsPositive(user)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected focused assertion to fail for zero age")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should compose with other assertions", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create multiple focused assertions
+		nameNotEmpty := Local(func(u User) string { return u.Name })(
+			That(S.IsNonEmpty),
+		)
+		ageInRange := Local(func(u User) int { return u.Age })(
+			That(func(age int) bool { return age >= 18 && age <= 100 }),
+		)
+
+		user := User{Name: "Charlie", Age: 25}
+		assertions := AllOf([]Reader{
+			nameNotEmpty(user),
+			ageInRange(user),
+		})
+
+		result := assertions(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected composed focused assertions to pass")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with Equal assertion", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Focus Equal assertion on Name field
+		nameIsAlice := Local(func(u User) string { return u.Name })(Equal("Alice"))
+
+		user := User{Name: "Alice", Age: 30}
+		result := nameIsAlice(user)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected focused Equal assertion to pass")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLocalL(t *testing.T) {
+	// Note: LocalL requires lens package which provides lens operations.
+	// This test demonstrates the concept, but actual usage would require
+	// proper lens definitions.
+
+	t.Run("conceptual test for LocalL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// LocalL is similar to Local but uses lenses for focusing.
+		// It would be used like:
+		// validEmail := That(func(email string) bool { return strings.Contains(email, "@") })
+		// validPersonEmail := LocalL(emailLens)(validEmail)
+		//
+		// The actual implementation would require lens definitions from the lens package.
+		// This test serves as documentation for the intended usage.
+	})
+}
+
+func TestFromOptional(t *testing.T) {
+	type DatabaseConfig struct {
+		Host string
+		Port int
+	}
+
+	type Config struct {
+		Database *DatabaseConfig
+	}
+
+	// Create an Optional that focuses on the Database field
+	dbOptional := Optional[Config, *DatabaseConfig]{
+		GetOption: func(c Config) option.Option[*DatabaseConfig] {
+			if c.Database != nil {
+				return option.Of(c.Database)
+			}
+			return option.None[*DatabaseConfig]()
+		},
+		Set: func(db *DatabaseConfig) func(Config) Config {
+			return func(c Config) Config {
+				c.Database = db
+				return c
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("should pass when optional value is present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		config := Config{Database: &DatabaseConfig{Host: "localhost", Port: 5432}}
+		hasDatabaseConfig := FromOptional(dbOptional)
+		result := hasDatabaseConfig(config)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected FromOptional to pass when optional value is present")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when optional value is absent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		emptyConfig := Config{Database: nil}
+		hasDatabaseConfig := FromOptional(dbOptional)
+		result := hasDatabaseConfig(emptyConfig)(mockT)
+		if result {
+			t.Error("Expected FromOptional to fail when optional value is absent")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with nested optionals", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type AdvancedSettings struct {
+			Cache bool
+		}
+
+		type Settings struct {
+			Advanced *AdvancedSettings
+		}
+
+		advancedOptional := Optional[Settings, *AdvancedSettings]{
+			GetOption: func(s Settings) option.Option[*AdvancedSettings] {
+				if s.Advanced != nil {
+					return option.Of(s.Advanced)
+				}
+				return option.None[*AdvancedSettings]()
+			},
+			Set: func(adv *AdvancedSettings) func(Settings) Settings {
+				return func(s Settings) Settings {
+					s.Advanced = adv
+					return s
+				}
+			},
+		}
+
+		settings := Settings{Advanced: &AdvancedSettings{Cache: true}}
+		hasAdvanced := FromOptional(advancedOptional)
+		result := hasAdvanced(settings)(t)
+		if !result {
+			t.Error("Expected FromOptional to pass for nested optional")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// Helper types for Prism testing
+type PrismTestResult interface {
+	isPrismTestResult()
+}
+
+type PrismTestSuccess struct {
+	Value int
+}
+
+type PrismTestFailure struct {
+	Error string
+}
+
+func (PrismTestSuccess) isPrismTestResult() {}
+func (PrismTestFailure) isPrismTestResult() {}
+
+func TestFromPrism(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a Prism that focuses on Success variant using prism.MakePrism
+	successPrism := prism.MakePrism(
+		func(r PrismTestResult) option.Option[int] {
+			if s, ok := r.(PrismTestSuccess); ok {
+				return option.Of(s.Value)
+			}
+			return option.None[int]()
+		},
+		func(v int) PrismTestResult {
+			return PrismTestSuccess{Value: v}
+		},
+	)
+
+	// Create a Prism that focuses on Failure variant
+	failurePrism := prism.MakePrism(
+		func(r PrismTestResult) option.Option[string] {
+			if f, ok := r.(PrismTestFailure); ok {
+				return option.Of(f.Error)
+			}
+			return option.None[string]()
+		},
+		func(err string) PrismTestResult {
+			return PrismTestFailure{Error: err}
+		},
+	)
+
+	t.Run("should pass when prism successfully extracts", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := PrismTestSuccess{Value: 42}
+		isSuccess := FromPrism(successPrism)
+		testResult := isSuccess(result)(t)
+		if !testResult {
+			t.Error("Expected FromPrism to pass when prism extracts successfully")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail when prism cannot extract", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		result := PrismTestFailure{Error: "something went wrong"}
+		isSuccess := FromPrism(successPrism)
+		testResult := isSuccess(result)(mockT)
+		if testResult {
+			t.Error("Expected FromPrism to fail when prism cannot extract")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should work with failure prism", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := PrismTestFailure{Error: "test error"}
+		isFailure := FromPrism(failurePrism)
+		testResult := isFailure(result)(t)
+		if !testResult {
+			t.Error("Expected FromPrism to pass for failure prism on failure result")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("should fail with failure prism on success result", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockT := &testing.T{}
+		result := PrismTestSuccess{Value: 100}
+		isFailure := FromPrism(failurePrism)
+		testResult := isFailure(result)(mockT)
+		if testResult {
+			t.Error("Expected FromPrism to fail for failure prism on success result")
+		}
+	})
 }

v2/assert/example_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package assert_test
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/assert"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+)
+
+// Example_basicAssertions demonstrates basic equality and inequality assertions
+func Example_basicAssertions() {
+	// This would be in a real test function
+	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
+
+	// Basic equality
+	value := 42
+	assert.Equal(42)(value)(t)
+
+	// String equality
+	name := "Alice"
+	assert.Equal("Alice")(name)(t)
+
+	// Inequality
+	assert.NotEqual(10)(value)(t)
+}
+
+// Example_arrayAssertions demonstrates array-related assertions
+func Example_arrayAssertions() {
+	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
+
+	numbers := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+
+	// Check array is not empty
+	assert.ArrayNotEmpty(numbers)(t)
+
+	// Check array length
+	assert.ArrayLength[int](5)(numbers)(t)
+
+	// Check array contains a value
+	assert.ArrayContains(3)(numbers)(t)
+}
+
+// Example_mapAssertions demonstrates map-related assertions
+func Example_mapAssertions() {
+	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
+
+	config := map[string]int{
+		"timeout": 30,
+		"retries": 3,
+		"maxSize": 1000,
+	}
+
+	// Check map is not empty
+	assert.RecordNotEmpty(config)(t)
+
+	// Check map length
+	assert.RecordLength[string, int](3)(config)(t)
+
+	// Check map contains key
+	assert.ContainsKey[int]("timeout")(config)(t)
+
+	// Check map does not contain key
+	assert.NotContainsKey[int]("unknown")(config)(t)
+}
+
+// Example_errorAssertions demonstrates error-related assertions
+func Example_errorAssertions() {
+	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
+
+	// Assert no error
+	err := doSomethingSuccessful()
+	assert.NoError(err)(t)
+
+	// Assert error exists
+	err2 := doSomethingThatFails()
+	assert.Error(err2)(t)
+}
+
+// Example_resultAssertions demonstrates Result type assertions
+func Example_resultAssertions() {
+	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
+
+	// Assert success
+	successResult := result.Of[int](42)
+	assert.Success(successResult)(t)
+
+	// Assert failure
+	failureResult := result.Left[int](errors.New("something went wrong"))
+	assert.Failure(failureResult)(t)
+}
+
+// Example_predicateAssertions demonstrates custom predicate assertions
+func Example_predicateAssertions() {
+	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
+
+	// Test if a number is positive
+	isPositive := func(n int) bool { return n > 0 }
+	assert.That(isPositive)(42)(t)
+
+	// Test if a string is uppercase
+	isUppercase := func(s string) bool { return s == strings.ToUpper(s) }
+	assert.That(isUppercase)("HELLO")(t)
+
+	// Test if a number is even
+	isEven := func(n int) bool { return n%2 == 0 }
+	assert.That(isEven)(10)(t)
+}
+
+// Example_allOf demonstrates combining multiple assertions
+func Example_allOf() {
+	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
+
+	type User struct {
+		Name   string
+		Age    int
+		Active bool
+	}
+
+	user := User{Name: "Alice", Age: 30, Active: true}
+
+	// Combine multiple assertions
+	assertions := assert.AllOf([]assert.Reader{
+		assert.Equal("Alice")(user.Name),
+		assert.Equal(30)(user.Age),
+		assert.Equal(true)(user.Active),
+	})
+
+	assertions(t)
+}
+
+// Example_runAll demonstrates running named test cases
+func Example_runAll() {
+	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
+
+	testcases := map[string]assert.Reader{
+		"addition":       assert.Equal(4)(2 + 2),
+		"multiplication": assert.Equal(6)(2 * 3),
+		"subtraction":    assert.Equal(1)(3 - 2),
+		"division":       assert.Equal(2)(10 / 5),
+	}
+
+	assert.RunAll(testcases)(t)
+}
+
+// Example_local demonstrates focusing assertions on specific properties
+func Example_local() {
+	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
+
+	type User struct {
+		Name string
+		Age  int
+	}
+
+	// Create an assertion that checks if age is positive
+	ageIsPositive := assert.That(func(age int) bool { return age > 0 })
+
+	// Focus this assertion on the Age field of User
+	userAgeIsPositive := assert.Local(func(u User) int { return u.Age })(ageIsPositive)
+
+	// Now we can test the whole User object
+	user := User{Name: "Alice", Age: 30}
+	userAgeIsPositive(user)(t)
+}
+
+// Example_composableAssertions demonstrates building complex assertions
+func Example_composableAssertions() {
+	var t *testing.T // placeholder for example
+
+	type Config struct {
+		Host    string
+		Port    int
+		Timeout int
+		Retries int
+	}
+
+	config := Config{
+		Host:    "localhost",
+		Port:    8080,
+		Timeout: 30,
+		Retries: 3,
+	}
+
+	// Create focused assertions for each field
+	validHost := assert.Local(func(c Config) string { return c.Host })(
+		assert.StringNotEmpty,
+	)
+
+	validPort := assert.Local(func(c Config) int { return c.Port })(
+		assert.That(func(p int) bool { return p > 0 && p < 65536 }),
+	)
+
+	validTimeout := assert.Local(func(c Config) int { return c.Timeout })(
+		assert.That(func(t int) bool { return t > 0 }),
+	)
+
+	validRetries := assert.Local(func(c Config) int { return c.Retries })(
+		assert.That(func(r int) bool { return r >= 0 }),
+	)
+
+	// Combine all assertions
+	validConfig := assert.AllOf([]assert.Reader{
+		validHost(config),
+		validPort(config),
+		validTimeout(config),
+		validRetries(config),
+	})
+
+	validConfig(t)
+}
+
+// Helper functions for examples
+func doSomethingSuccessful() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func doSomethingThatFails() error {
+	return errors.New("operation failed")
+}

v2/assert/types.go

@@ -1,7 +1,22 @@
 package assert
 
-import "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/optional"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/prism"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/predicate"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+)
 
 type (
-	Result[T any] = result.Result[T]
+	Result[T any]      = result.Result[T]
+	Reader             = reader.Reader[*testing.T, bool]
+	Kleisli[T any]     = reader.Reader[T, Reader]
+	Predicate[T any]   = predicate.Predicate[T]
+	Lens[S, T any]     = lens.Lens[S, T]
+	Optional[S, T any] = optional.Optional[S, T]
+	Prism[S, T any]    = prism.Prism[S, T]
 )

v2/builder/prism.go

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ import (
 
 // BuilderPrism createa a [Prism] that converts between a builder and its type
 func BuilderPrism[T any, B Builder[T]](creator func(T) B) Prism[B, T] {
-	return prism.MakePrism(F.Flow2(B.Build, result.ToOption[T]), creator)
+	return prism.MakePrismWithName(F.Flow2(B.Build, result.ToOption[T]), creator, "BuilderPrism")
 }

v2/cli/lens.go

@@ -27,13 +27,15 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"text/template"
 
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
 	C "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
 const (
-	keyLensDir     = "dir"
-	keyVerbose     = "verbose"
-	lensAnnotation = "fp-go:Lens"
+	keyLensDir         = "dir"
+	keyVerbose         = "verbose"
+	keyIncludeTestFile = "include-test-files"
+	lensAnnotation     = "fp-go:Lens"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -49,6 +51,13 @@ var (
 		Value:   false,
 		Usage:   "Enable verbose output",
 	}
+
+	flagIncludeTestFiles = &C.BoolFlag{
+		Name:    keyIncludeTestFile,
+		Aliases: []string{"t"},
+		Value:   false,
+		Usage:   "Include test files (*_test.go) when scanning for annotated types",
+	}
 )
 
 // structInfo holds information about a struct that needs lens generation
@@ -67,6 +76,7 @@ type fieldInfo struct {
 	BaseType     string // TypeName without leading * for pointer types
 	IsOptional   bool   // true if field is a pointer or has json omitempty tag
 	IsComparable bool   // true if the type is comparable (can use ==)
+	IsEmbedded   bool   // true if this field comes from an embedded struct
 }
 
 // templateData holds data for template rendering
@@ -80,12 +90,12 @@ const lensStructTemplate = `
 type {{.Name}}Lenses{{.TypeParams}} struct {
 	// mandatory fields
 {{- range .Fields}}
-	{{.Name}} L.Lens[{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, {{.TypeName}}]
+	{{.Name}} __lens.Lens[{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, {{.TypeName}}]
 {{- end}}
 	// optional fields
 {{- range .Fields}}
 {{- if .IsComparable}}
-	{{.Name}}O LO.LensO[{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, {{.TypeName}}]
+	{{.Name}}O __lens_option.LensO[{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, {{.TypeName}}]
 {{- end}}
 {{- end}}
 }
@@ -94,13 +104,24 @@ type {{.Name}}Lenses{{.TypeParams}} struct {
 type {{.Name}}RefLenses{{.TypeParams}} struct {
 	// mandatory fields
 {{- range .Fields}}
-	{{.Name}} L.Lens[*{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, {{.TypeName}}]
+	{{.Name}} __lens.Lens[*{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, {{.TypeName}}]
 {{- end}}
 	// optional fields
 {{- range .Fields}}
 {{- if .IsComparable}}
-	{{.Name}}O LO.LensO[*{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, {{.TypeName}}]
+	{{.Name}}O __lens_option.LensO[*{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, {{.TypeName}}]
 {{- end}}
+{{- end}}
+	// prisms
+{{- range .Fields}}
+	{{.Name}}P __prism.Prism[*{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, {{.TypeName}}]
+{{- end}}
+}
+
+// {{.Name}}Prisms provides prisms for accessing fields of {{.Name}}
+type {{.Name}}Prisms{{.TypeParams}} struct {
+{{- range .Fields}}
+	{{.Name}} __prism.Prism[{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, {{.TypeName}}]
 {{- end}}
 }
 `
@@ -110,15 +131,16 @@ const lensConstructorTemplate = `
 func Make{{.Name}}Lenses{{.TypeParams}}() {{.Name}}Lenses{{.TypeParamNames}} {
 	// mandatory lenses
 {{- range .Fields}}
-	lens{{.Name}} := L.MakeLens(
+	lens{{.Name}} := __lens.MakeLensWithName(
 		func(s {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}) {{.TypeName}} { return s.{{.Name}} },
 		func(s {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, v {{.TypeName}}) {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}} { s.{{.Name}} = v; return s },
+		"{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}.{{.Name}}",
 	)
 {{- end}}
 	// optional lenses
 {{- range .Fields}}
 {{- if .IsComparable}}
-	lens{{.Name}}O := LO.FromIso[{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}](IO.FromZero[{{.TypeName}}]())(lens{{.Name}})
+	lens{{.Name}}O := __lens_option.FromIso[{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}](__iso_option.FromZero[{{.TypeName}}]())(lens{{.Name}})
 {{- end}}
 {{- end}}
 	return {{.Name}}Lenses{{.TypeParamNames}}{
@@ -140,21 +162,23 @@ func Make{{.Name}}RefLenses{{.TypeParams}}() {{.Name}}RefLenses{{.TypeParamNames
 	// mandatory lenses
 {{- range .Fields}}
 {{- if .IsComparable}}
-	lens{{.Name}} := L.MakeLensStrict(
+	lens{{.Name}} := __lens.MakeLensStrictWithName(
 		func(s *{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}) {{.TypeName}} { return s.{{.Name}} },
 		func(s *{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, v {{.TypeName}}) *{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}} { s.{{.Name}} = v; return s },
+		"(*{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}).{{.Name}}",
 	)
 {{- else}}
-	lens{{.Name}} := L.MakeLensRef(
+	lens{{.Name}} := __lens.MakeLensRefWithName(
 		func(s *{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}) {{.TypeName}} { return s.{{.Name}} },
 		func(s *{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}, v {{.TypeName}}) *{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}} { s.{{.Name}} = v; return s },
+		"(*{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}).{{.Name}}",
 	)
 {{- end}}
 {{- end}}
 	// optional lenses
 {{- range .Fields}}
 {{- if .IsComparable}}
-	lens{{.Name}}O := LO.FromIso[*{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}](IO.FromZero[{{.TypeName}}]())(lens{{.Name}})
+	lens{{.Name}}O := __lens_option.FromIso[*{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}](__iso_option.FromZero[{{.TypeName}}]())(lens{{.Name}})
 {{- end}}
 {{- end}}
 	return {{.Name}}RefLenses{{.TypeParamNames}}{
@@ -170,6 +194,47 @@ func Make{{.Name}}RefLenses{{.TypeParams}}() {{.Name}}RefLenses{{.TypeParamNames
 {{- end}}
 	}
 }
+
+// Make{{.Name}}Prisms creates a new {{.Name}}Prisms with prisms for all fields
+func Make{{.Name}}Prisms{{.TypeParams}}() {{.Name}}Prisms{{.TypeParamNames}} {
+{{- range .Fields}}
+{{- if .IsComparable}}
+	_fromNonZero{{.Name}} := __option.FromNonZero[{{.TypeName}}]()
+	_prism{{.Name}} := __prism.MakePrismWithName(
+		func(s {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}) __option.Option[{{.TypeName}}] { return _fromNonZero{{.Name}}(s.{{.Name}}) },
+		func(v {{.TypeName}}) {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}} {
+			{{- if .IsEmbedded}}
+			var result {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}
+			result.{{.Name}} = v
+			return result
+			{{- else}}
+			return {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}{ {{.Name}}: v }
+			{{- end}}
+		},
+		"{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}.{{.Name}}",
+	)
+{{- else}}
+	_prism{{.Name}} := __prism.MakePrismWithName(
+		func(s {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}) __option.Option[{{.TypeName}}] { return __option.Some(s.{{.Name}}) },
+		func(v {{.TypeName}}) {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}} {
+			{{- if .IsEmbedded}}
+			var result {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}
+			result.{{.Name}} = v
+			return result
+			{{- else}}
+			return {{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}{ {{.Name}}: v }
+			{{- end}}
+		},
+		"{{$.Name}}{{$.TypeParamNames}}.{{.Name}}",
+	)
+{{- end}}
+{{- end}}
+	return {{.Name}}Prisms{{.TypeParamNames}} {
+{{- range .Fields}}
+		{{.Name}}: _prism{{.Name}},
+{{- end}}
+	}
+}
 `
 
 var (
@@ -439,7 +504,7 @@ func extractEmbeddedFields(embedType ast.Expr, fileImports map[string]string, fi
 		return results
 	}
 
-	if typeName == "" || typeIdent == nil {
+	if S.IsEmpty(typeName) || typeIdent == nil {
 		return results
 	}
 
@@ -494,6 +559,7 @@ func extractEmbeddedFields(embedType ast.Expr, fileImports map[string]string, fi
 						BaseType:     baseType,
 						IsOptional:   isOptional,
 						IsComparable: isComparable,
+						IsEmbedded:   true,
 					},
 					fieldType: field.Type,
 				})
@@ -695,7 +761,7 @@ func parseFile(filename string) ([]structInfo, string, error) {
 }
 
 // generateLensHelpers scans a directory for Go files and generates lens code
-func generateLensHelpers(dir, filename string, verbose bool) error {
+func generateLensHelpers(dir, filename string, verbose, includeTestFiles bool) error {
 	// Get absolute path
 	absDir, err := filepath.Abs(dir)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -716,21 +782,34 @@ func generateLensHelpers(dir, filename string, verbose bool) error {
 		log.Printf("Found %d Go files", len(files))
 	}
 
-	// Parse all files and collect structs
-	var allStructs []structInfo
+	// Parse all files and collect structs, separating test and non-test files
+	var regularStructs []structInfo
+	var testStructs []structInfo
 	var packageName string
 
 	for _, file := range files {
-		// Skip generated files and test files
-		if strings.HasSuffix(file, "_test.go") || strings.Contains(file, "gen.go") {
+		baseName := filepath.Base(file)
+
+		// Skip generated lens files (both regular and test)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(baseName, "gen_lens") && strings.HasSuffix(baseName, ".go") {
 			if verbose {
-				log.Printf("Skipping file: %s", filepath.Base(file))
+				log.Printf("Skipping generated lens file: %s", baseName)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		isTestFile := strings.HasSuffix(file, "_test.go")
+
+		// Skip test files unless includeTestFiles is true
+		if isTestFile && !includeTestFiles {
+			if verbose {
+				log.Printf("Skipping test file: %s", baseName)
 			}
 			continue
 		}
 
 		if verbose {
-			log.Printf("Parsing file: %s", filepath.Base(file))
+			log.Printf("Parsing file: %s", baseName)
 		}
 
 		structs, pkg, err := parseFile(file)
@@ -740,27 +819,52 @@ func generateLensHelpers(dir, filename string, verbose bool) error {
 		}
 
 		if verbose && len(structs) > 0 {
-			log.Printf("Found %d annotated struct(s) in %s", len(structs), filepath.Base(file))
+			log.Printf("Found %d annotated struct(s) in %s", len(structs), baseName)
 			for _, s := range structs {
 				log.Printf("  - %s (%d fields)", s.Name, len(s.Fields))
 			}
 		}
 
-		if packageName == "" {
+		if S.IsEmpty(packageName) {
 			packageName = pkg
 		}
 
-		allStructs = append(allStructs, structs...)
+		// Separate structs based on source file type
+		if isTestFile {
+			testStructs = append(testStructs, structs...)
+		} else {
+			regularStructs = append(regularStructs, structs...)
+		}
 	}
 
-	if len(allStructs) == 0 {
+	if len(regularStructs) == 0 && len(testStructs) == 0 {
 		log.Printf("No structs with %s annotation found in %s", lensAnnotation, absDir)
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	// Generate regular lens file if there are regular structs
+	if len(regularStructs) > 0 {
+		if err := generateLensFile(absDir, filename, packageName, regularStructs, verbose); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Generate test lens file if there are test structs
+	if len(testStructs) > 0 {
+		testFilename := strings.TrimSuffix(filename, ".go") + "_test.go"
+		if err := generateLensFile(absDir, testFilename, packageName, testStructs, verbose); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// generateLensFile generates a lens file for the given structs
+func generateLensFile(absDir, filename, packageName string, structs []structInfo, verbose bool) error {
 	// Collect all unique imports from all structs
 	allImports := make(map[string]string) // import path -> alias
-	for _, s := range allStructs {
+	for _, s := range structs {
 		for importPath, alias := range s.Imports {
 			allImports[importPath] = alias
 		}
@@ -774,7 +878,7 @@ func generateLensHelpers(dir, filename string, verbose bool) error {
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
-	log.Printf("Generating lens code in [%s] for package [%s] with [%d] structs ...", outPath, packageName, len(allStructs))
+	log.Printf("Generating lens code in [%s] for package [%s] with [%d] structs ...", outPath, packageName, len(structs))
 
 	// Write header
 	writePackage(f, packageName)
@@ -782,10 +886,11 @@ func generateLensHelpers(dir, filename string, verbose bool) error {
 	// Write imports
 	f.WriteString("import (\n")
 	// Standard fp-go imports always needed
-	f.WriteString("\tL \"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens\"\n")
-	f.WriteString("\tLO \"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens/option\"\n")
-	//	f.WriteString("\tO \"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option\"\n")
-	f.WriteString("\tIO \"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/iso/option\"\n")
+	f.WriteString("\t__lens \"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens\"\n")
+	f.WriteString("\t__option \"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option\"\n")
+	f.WriteString("\t__prism \"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/prism\"\n")
+	f.WriteString("\t__lens_option \"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens/option\"\n")
+	f.WriteString("\t__iso_option \"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/iso/option\"\n")
 
 	// Add additional imports collected from field types
 	for importPath, alias := range allImports {
@@ -795,7 +900,7 @@ func generateLensHelpers(dir, filename string, verbose bool) error {
 	f.WriteString(")\n")
 
 	// Generate lens code for each struct using templates
-	for _, s := range allStructs {
+	for _, s := range structs {
 		var buf bytes.Buffer
 
 		// Generate struct type
@@ -827,12 +932,14 @@ func LensCommand() *C.Command {
 			flagLensDir,
 			flagFilename,
 			flagVerbose,
+			flagIncludeTestFiles,
 		},
 		Action: func(ctx *C.Context) error {
 			return generateLensHelpers(
 				ctx.String(keyLensDir),
 				ctx.String(keyFilename),
 				ctx.Bool(keyVerbose),
+				ctx.Bool(keyIncludeTestFile),
 			)
 		},
 	}

v2/cli/lens_test.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ func TestHasLensAnnotation(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			var doc *ast.CommentGroup
-			if tt.comment != "" {
+			if S.IsNonEmpty(tt.comment) {
 				doc = &ast.CommentGroup{
 					List: []*ast.Comment{
 						{Text: tt.comment},
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ func TestHasOmitEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			var tag *ast.BasicLit
-			if tt.tag != "" {
+			if S.IsNonEmpty(tt.tag) {
 				tag = &ast.BasicLit{
 					Value: tt.tag,
 				}
@@ -326,7 +327,7 @@ type Other struct {
 }
 `
 
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Parse the file
@@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 `
 
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Parse the file
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@ type TypeTest struct {
 }
 `
 
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Parse the file
@@ -514,16 +515,16 @@ func TestLensRefTemplatesWithComparable(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "func MakeTestStructRefLenses() TestStructRefLenses")
 
 	// Name field - comparable, should use MakeLensStrict
-	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "lensName := L.MakeLensStrict(",
-		"comparable field Name should use MakeLensStrict in RefLenses")
+	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "lensName := __lens.MakeLensStrictWithName(",
+		"comparable field Name should use MakeLensStrictWithName in RefLenses")
 
 	// Age field - comparable, should use MakeLensStrict
-	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "lensAge := L.MakeLensStrict(",
-		"comparable field Age should use MakeLensStrict in RefLenses")
+	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "lensAge := __lens.MakeLensStrictWithName(",
+		"comparable field Age should use MakeLensStrictWithName in RefLenses")
 
 	// Data field - not comparable, should use MakeLensRef
-	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "lensData := L.MakeLensRef(",
-		"non-comparable field Data should use MakeLensRef in RefLenses")
+	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "lensData := __lens.MakeLensRefWithName(",
+		"non-comparable field Data should use MakeLensRefWithName in RefLenses")
 
 }
 
@@ -542,12 +543,12 @@ type TestStruct struct {
 `
 
 	testFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.go")
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Generate lens code
 	outputFile := "gen.go"
-	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false)
+	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify the generated file exists
@@ -564,23 +565,23 @@ type TestStruct struct {
 	// Check for expected content in RefLenses
 	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "MakeTestStructRefLenses")
 
-	// Name and Count are comparable, should use MakeLensStrict
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "L.MakeLensStrict",
-		"comparable fields should use MakeLensStrict in RefLenses")
+	// Name and Count are comparable, should use MakeLensStrictWithName
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "__lens.MakeLensStrictWithName",
+		"comparable fields should use MakeLensStrictWithName in RefLenses")
 
-	// Data is not comparable (slice), should use MakeLensRef
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "L.MakeLensRef",
-		"non-comparable fields should use MakeLensRef in RefLenses")
+	// Data is not comparable (slice), should use MakeLensRefWithName
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "__lens.MakeLensRefWithName",
+		"non-comparable fields should use MakeLensRefWithName in RefLenses")
 
 	// Verify the pattern appears for Name field (comparable)
-	namePattern := "lensName := L.MakeLensStrict("
+	namePattern := "lensName := __lens.MakeLensStrictWithName("
 	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, namePattern,
-		"Name field should use MakeLensStrict")
+		"Name field should use MakeLensStrictWithName")
 
 	// Verify the pattern appears for Data field (not comparable)
-	dataPattern := "lensData := L.MakeLensRef("
+	dataPattern := "lensData := __lens.MakeLensRefWithName("
 	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, dataPattern,
-		"Data field should use MakeLensRef")
+		"Data field should use MakeLensRefWithName")
 }
 
 func TestGenerateLensHelpers(t *testing.T) {
@@ -597,12 +598,12 @@ type TestStruct struct {
 `
 
 	testFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.go")
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Generate lens code
 	outputFile := "gen.go"
-	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false)
+	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify the generated file exists
@@ -621,9 +622,9 @@ type TestStruct struct {
 	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Code generated by go generate")
 	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "TestStructLenses")
 	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "MakeTestStructLenses")
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "L.Lens[TestStruct, string]")
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "LO.LensO[TestStruct, *int]")
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "IO.FromZero")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "__lens.Lens[TestStruct, string]")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "__lens_option.LensO[TestStruct, *int]")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "__iso_option.FromZero")
 }
 
 func TestGenerateLensHelpersNoAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
@@ -639,12 +640,12 @@ type TestStruct struct {
 `
 
 	testFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.go")
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Generate lens code (should not create file)
 	outputFile := "gen.go"
-	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false)
+	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify the generated file does not exist
@@ -669,10 +670,10 @@ func TestLensTemplates(t *testing.T) {
 
 	structStr := structBuf.String()
 	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "type TestStructLenses struct")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Name L.Lens[TestStruct, string]")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "NameO LO.LensO[TestStruct, string]")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Value L.Lens[TestStruct, *int]")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "ValueO LO.LensO[TestStruct, *int]")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Name __lens.Lens[TestStruct, string]")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "NameO __lens_option.LensO[TestStruct, string]")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Value __lens.Lens[TestStruct, *int]")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "ValueO __lens_option.LensO[TestStruct, *int]")
 
 	// Test constructor template
 	var constructorBuf bytes.Buffer
@@ -686,7 +687,7 @@ func TestLensTemplates(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "NameO: lensNameO,")
 	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "Value: lensValue,")
 	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "ValueO: lensValueO,")
-	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "IO.FromZero")
+	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "__iso_option.FromZero")
 }
 
 func TestLensTemplatesWithOmitEmpty(t *testing.T) {
@@ -707,14 +708,14 @@ func TestLensTemplatesWithOmitEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 
 	structStr := structBuf.String()
 	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "type ConfigStructLenses struct")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Name L.Lens[ConfigStruct, string]")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "NameO LO.LensO[ConfigStruct, string]")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Value L.Lens[ConfigStruct, string]")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "ValueO LO.LensO[ConfigStruct, string]", "comparable non-pointer with omitempty should have optional lens")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Count L.Lens[ConfigStruct, int]")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "CountO LO.LensO[ConfigStruct, int]", "comparable non-pointer with omitempty should have optional lens")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Pointer L.Lens[ConfigStruct, *string]")
-	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "PointerO LO.LensO[ConfigStruct, *string]")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Name __lens.Lens[ConfigStruct, string]")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "NameO __lens_option.LensO[ConfigStruct, string]")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Value __lens.Lens[ConfigStruct, string]")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "ValueO __lens_option.LensO[ConfigStruct, string]", "comparable non-pointer with omitempty should have optional lens")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Count __lens.Lens[ConfigStruct, int]")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "CountO __lens_option.LensO[ConfigStruct, int]", "comparable non-pointer with omitempty should have optional lens")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "Pointer __lens.Lens[ConfigStruct, *string]")
+	assert.Contains(t, structStr, "PointerO __lens_option.LensO[ConfigStruct, *string]")
 
 	// Test constructor template
 	var constructorBuf bytes.Buffer
@@ -723,9 +724,9 @@ func TestLensTemplatesWithOmitEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 
 	constructorStr := constructorBuf.String()
 	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "func MakeConfigStructLenses() ConfigStructLenses")
-	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "IO.FromZero[string]()")
-	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "IO.FromZero[int]()")
-	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "IO.FromZero[*string]()")
+	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "__iso_option.FromZero[string]()")
+	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "__iso_option.FromZero[int]()")
+	assert.Contains(t, constructorStr, "__iso_option.FromZero[*string]()")
 }
 
 func TestLensCommandFlags(t *testing.T) {
@@ -737,9 +738,9 @@ func TestLensCommandFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, strings.ToLower(cmd.Description), "lenso", "Description should mention LensO for optional lenses")
 
 	// Check flags
-	assert.Len(t, cmd.Flags, 3)
+	assert.Len(t, cmd.Flags, 4)
 
-	var hasDir, hasFilename, hasVerbose bool
+	var hasDir, hasFilename, hasVerbose, hasIncludeTestFiles bool
 	for _, flag := range cmd.Flags {
 		switch flag.Names()[0] {
 		case "dir":
@@ -748,12 +749,15 @@ func TestLensCommandFlags(t *testing.T) {
 			hasFilename = true
 		case "verbose":
 			hasVerbose = true
+		case "include-test-files":
+			hasIncludeTestFiles = true
 		}
 	}
 
 	assert.True(t, hasDir, "should have dir flag")
 	assert.True(t, hasFilename, "should have filename flag")
 	assert.True(t, hasVerbose, "should have verbose flag")
+	assert.True(t, hasIncludeTestFiles, "should have include-test-files flag")
 }
 
 func TestParseFileWithEmbeddedStruct(t *testing.T) {
@@ -776,7 +780,7 @@ type Extended struct {
 }
 `
 
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Parse the file
@@ -824,12 +828,12 @@ type Person struct {
 `
 
 	testFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.go")
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Generate lens code
 	outputFile := "gen.go"
-	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false)
+	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify the generated file exists
@@ -849,14 +853,14 @@ type Person struct {
 	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "MakePersonLenses")
 
 	// Check that embedded fields are included
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Street L.Lens[Person, string]", "Should have lens for embedded Street field")
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "City L.Lens[Person, string]", "Should have lens for embedded City field")
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Name L.Lens[Person, string]", "Should have lens for Name field")
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Age L.Lens[Person, int]", "Should have lens for Age field")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Street __lens.Lens[Person, string]", "Should have lens for embedded Street field")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "City __lens.Lens[Person, string]", "Should have lens for embedded City field")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Name __lens.Lens[Person, string]", "Should have lens for Name field")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Age __lens.Lens[Person, int]", "Should have lens for Age field")
 
 	// Check that optional lenses are also generated for embedded fields
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "StreetO LO.LensO[Person, string]")
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "CityO LO.LensO[Person, string]")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "StreetO __lens_option.LensO[Person, string]")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "CityO __lens_option.LensO[Person, string]")
 }
 
 func TestParseFileWithPointerEmbeddedStruct(t *testing.T) {
@@ -880,7 +884,7 @@ type Document struct {
 }
 `
 
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Parse the file
@@ -922,7 +926,7 @@ type Container[T any] struct {
 }
 `
 
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Parse the file
@@ -960,7 +964,7 @@ type Pair[K comparable, V any] struct {
 }
 `
 
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Parse the file
@@ -998,12 +1002,12 @@ type Box[T any] struct {
 `
 
 	testFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.go")
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Generate lens code
 	outputFile := "gen.go"
-	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false)
+	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify the generated file exists
@@ -1025,14 +1029,14 @@ type Box[T any] struct {
 	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "func MakeBoxRefLenses[T any]() BoxRefLenses[T]", "Should have generic ref constructor")
 
 	// Check that fields use the generic type parameter
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Content L.Lens[Box[T], T]", "Should have lens for generic Content field")
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Label L.Lens[Box[T], string]", "Should have lens for Label field")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Content __lens.Lens[Box[T], T]", "Should have lens for generic Content field")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "Label __lens.Lens[Box[T], string]", "Should have lens for Label field")
 
 	// Check optional lenses - only for comparable types
 	// T any is not comparable, so ContentO should NOT be generated
-	assert.NotContains(t, contentStr, "ContentO LO.LensO[Box[T], T]", "T any is not comparable, should not have optional lens")
+	assert.NotContains(t, contentStr, "ContentO __lens_option.LensO[Box[T], T]", "T any is not comparable, should not have optional lens")
 	// string is comparable, so LabelO should be generated
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "LabelO LO.LensO[Box[T], string]", "string is comparable, should have optional lens")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "LabelO __lens_option.LensO[Box[T], string]", "string is comparable, should have optional lens")
 }
 
 func TestGenerateLensHelpersWithComparableTypeParam(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1049,12 +1053,12 @@ type ComparableBox[T comparable] struct {
 `
 
 	testFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.go")
-	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0644)
+	err := os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte(testCode), 0o644)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Generate lens code
 	outputFile := "gen.go"
-	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false)
+	err = generateLensHelpers(tmpDir, outputFile, false, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify the generated file exists
@@ -1074,11 +1078,11 @@ type ComparableBox[T comparable] struct {
 	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "type ComparableBoxRefLenses[T comparable] struct", "Should have generic ComparableBoxRefLenses type")
 
 	// Check that Key field (with comparable constraint) uses MakeLensStrict in RefLenses
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "lensKey := L.MakeLensStrict(", "Key field with comparable constraint should use MakeLensStrict")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "lensKey := __lens.MakeLensStrictWithName(", "Key field with comparable constraint should use MakeLensStrictWithName")
 
 	// Check that Value field (string, always comparable) also uses MakeLensStrict
-	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "lensValue := L.MakeLensStrict(", "Value field (string) should use MakeLensStrict")
+	assert.Contains(t, contentStr, "lensValue := __lens.MakeLensStrictWithName(", "Value field (string) should use MakeLensStrictWithName")
 
 	// Verify that MakeLensRef is NOT used (since both fields are comparable)
-	assert.NotContains(t, contentStr, "L.MakeLensRef(", "Should not use MakeLensRef when all fields are comparable")
+	assert.NotContains(t, contentStr, "__lens.MakeLensRefWithName(", "Should not use MakeLensRefWithName when all fields are comparable")
 }

v2/cli/monad.go

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
 )
 
 // Deprecated:
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ func generateTraverseTuple1(
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "F%d ~func(A%d) %s", j+1, j+1, hkt(fmt.Sprintf("T%d", j+1)))
 		}
-		if infix != "" {
+		if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) {
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, ", %s", infix)
 		}
 		// types
@@ -209,7 +211,7 @@ func generateTraverseTuple1(
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "    return A.TraverseTuple%d(\n", i)
 		// map
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "      Map[")
-		if infix != "" {
+		if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) {
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "%s, T1,", infix)
 		} else {
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "T1,")
@@ -231,7 +233,7 @@ func generateTraverseTuple1(
 				fmt.Fprintf(f, " ")
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "%s", tuple)
-			if infix != "" {
+			if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) {
 				fmt.Fprintf(f, ", %s", infix)
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, ", T%d],\n", j+1)
@@ -256,11 +258,11 @@ func generateSequenceTuple1(
 
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "\n// SequenceTuple%d converts a [Tuple%d] of [%s] into an [%s].\n", i, i, hkt("T"), hkt(fmt.Sprintf("Tuple%d", i)))
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "func SequenceTuple%d[", i)
-		if infix != "" {
+		if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) {
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "%s", infix)
 		}
 		for j := 0; j < i; j++ {
-			if infix != "" || j > 0 {
+			if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) || j > 0 {
 				fmt.Fprintf(f, ", ")
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "T%d", j+1)
@@ -276,7 +278,7 @@ func generateSequenceTuple1(
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "  return A.SequenceTuple%d(\n", i)
 		// map
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "    Map[")
-		if infix != "" {
+		if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) {
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "%s, T1,", infix)
 		} else {
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "T1,")
@@ -298,7 +300,7 @@ func generateSequenceTuple1(
 				fmt.Fprintf(f, " ")
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "%s", tuple)
-			if infix != "" {
+			if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) {
 				fmt.Fprintf(f, ", %s", infix)
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, ", T%d],\n", j+1)
@@ -319,11 +321,11 @@ func generateSequenceT1(
 
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "\n// SequenceT%d converts %d parameters of [%s] into a [%s].\n", i, i, hkt("T"), hkt(fmt.Sprintf("Tuple%d", i)))
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "func SequenceT%d[", i)
-		if infix != "" {
+		if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) {
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "%s", infix)
 		}
 		for j := 0; j < i; j++ {
-			if infix != "" || j > 0 {
+			if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) || j > 0 {
 				fmt.Fprintf(f, ", ")
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "T%d", j+1)
@@ -339,7 +341,7 @@ func generateSequenceT1(
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "  return A.SequenceT%d(\n", i)
 		// map
 		fmt.Fprintf(f, "    Map[")
-		if infix != "" {
+		if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) {
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "%s, T1,", infix)
 		} else {
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "T1,")
@@ -361,7 +363,7 @@ func generateSequenceT1(
 				fmt.Fprintf(f, " ")
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, "%s", tuple)
-			if infix != "" {
+			if S.IsNonEmpty(infix) {
 				fmt.Fprintf(f, ", %s", infix)
 			}
 			fmt.Fprintf(f, ", T%d],\n", j+1)

v2/consumer/consumer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consumer
+
+// Local transforms a Consumer by preprocessing its input through a function.
+// This is the contravariant map operation for Consumers, analogous to reader.Local
+// but operating on the input side rather than the output side.
+//
+// Given a Consumer[R1] that consumes values of type R1, and a function f that
+// converts R2 to R1, Local creates a new Consumer[R2] that:
+//   1. Takes a value of type R2
+//   2. Applies f to convert it to R1
+//   3. Passes the result to the original Consumer[R1]
+//
+// This is particularly useful for adapting consumers to work with different input types,
+// similar to how reader.Local adapts readers to work with different environment types.
+//
+// Comparison with reader.Local:
+//   - reader.Local: Transforms the environment BEFORE passing it to a Reader (preprocessing input)
+//   - consumer.Local: Transforms the value BEFORE passing it to a Consumer (preprocessing input)
+//   - Both are contravariant operations on the input type
+//   - Reader produces output, Consumer performs side effects
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - R2: The input type of the new Consumer (what you have)
+//   - R1: The input type of the original Consumer (what it expects)
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: A function that converts R2 to R1 (preprocessing function)
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that transforms Consumer[R1] into Consumer[R2]
+//
+// Example - Basic type adaptation:
+//
+//	// Consumer that logs integers
+//	logInt := func(x int) {
+//	    fmt.Printf("Value: %d\n", x)
+//	}
+//
+//	// Adapt it to consume strings by parsing them first
+//	parseToInt := func(s string) int {
+//	    n, _ := strconv.Atoi(s)
+//	    return n
+//	}
+//
+//	logString := consumer.Local(parseToInt)(logInt)
+//	logString("42") // Logs: "Value: 42"
+//
+// Example - Extracting fields from structs:
+//
+//	type User struct {
+//	    Name string
+//	    Age  int
+//	}
+//
+//	// Consumer that logs names
+//	logName := func(name string) {
+//	    fmt.Printf("Name: %s\n", name)
+//	}
+//
+//	// Adapt it to consume User structs
+//	extractName := func(u User) string {
+//	    return u.Name
+//	}
+//
+//	logUser := consumer.Local(extractName)(logName)
+//	logUser(User{Name: "Alice", Age: 30}) // Logs: "Name: Alice"
+//
+// Example - Simplifying complex types:
+//
+//	type DetailedConfig struct {
+//	    Host     string
+//	    Port     int
+//	    Timeout  time.Duration
+//	    MaxRetry int
+//	}
+//
+//	type SimpleConfig struct {
+//	    Host string
+//	    Port int
+//	}
+//
+//	// Consumer that logs simple configs
+//	logSimple := func(c SimpleConfig) {
+//	    fmt.Printf("Server: %s:%d\n", c.Host, c.Port)
+//	}
+//
+//	// Adapt it to consume detailed configs
+//	simplify := func(d DetailedConfig) SimpleConfig {
+//	    return SimpleConfig{Host: d.Host, Port: d.Port}
+//	}
+//
+//	logDetailed := consumer.Local(simplify)(logSimple)
+//	logDetailed(DetailedConfig{
+//	    Host:     "localhost",
+//	    Port:     8080,
+//	    Timeout:  time.Second,
+//	    MaxRetry: 3,
+//	}) // Logs: "Server: localhost:8080"
+//
+// Example - Composing multiple transformations:
+//
+//	type Response struct {
+//	    StatusCode int
+//	    Body       string
+//	}
+//
+//	// Consumer that logs status codes
+//	logStatus := func(code int) {
+//	    fmt.Printf("Status: %d\n", code)
+//	}
+//
+//	// Extract status code from response
+//	getStatus := func(r Response) int {
+//	    return r.StatusCode
+//	}
+//
+//	// Adapt to consume responses
+//	logResponse := consumer.Local(getStatus)(logStatus)
+//	logResponse(Response{StatusCode: 200, Body: "OK"}) // Logs: "Status: 200"
+//
+// Example - Using with multiple consumers:
+//
+//	type Event struct {
+//	    Type      string
+//	    Timestamp time.Time
+//	    Data      map[string]any
+//	}
+//
+//	// Consumers for different aspects
+//	logType := func(t string) { fmt.Printf("Type: %s\n", t) }
+//	logTime := func(t time.Time) { fmt.Printf("Time: %v\n", t) }
+//
+//	// Adapt them to consume events
+//	logEventType := consumer.Local(func(e Event) string { return e.Type })(logType)
+//	logEventTime := consumer.Local(func(e Event) time.Time { return e.Timestamp })(logTime)
+//
+//	event := Event{Type: "UserLogin", Timestamp: time.Now(), Data: nil}
+//	logEventType(event) // Logs: "Type: UserLogin"
+//	logEventTime(event) // Logs: "Time: ..."
+//
+// Use Cases:
+//   - Type adaptation: Convert between different input types
+//   - Field extraction: Extract specific fields from complex structures
+//   - Data transformation: Preprocess data before consumption
+//   - Interface adaptation: Adapt consumers to work with different interfaces
+//   - Logging pipelines: Transform data before logging
+//   - Event handling: Extract relevant data from events before processing
+//
+// Relationship to Reader:
+// Consumer is the dual of Reader in category theory:
+//   - Reader[R, A] = R -> A (produces output from environment)
+//   - Consumer[A] = A -> () (consumes input, produces side effects)
+//   - reader.Local transforms the environment before reading
+//   - consumer.Local transforms the input before consuming
+//   - Both are contravariant functors on their input type
+func Local[R2, R1 any](f func(R2) R1) Operator[R1, R2] {
+	return func(c Consumer[R1]) Consumer[R2] {
+		return func(r2 R2) {
+			c(f(r2))
+		}
+	}
+}

v2/consumer/consumer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consumer
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestLocal(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("basic type transformation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var captured int
+		consumeInt := func(x int) {
+			captured = x
+		}
+
+		// Transform string to int before consuming
+		stringToInt := func(s string) int {
+			n, _ := strconv.Atoi(s)
+			return n
+		}
+
+		consumeString := Local(stringToInt)(consumeInt)
+		consumeString("42")
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 42, captured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("field extraction from struct", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type User struct {
+			Name string
+			Age  int
+		}
+
+		var capturedName string
+		consumeName := func(name string) {
+			capturedName = name
+		}
+
+		extractName := func(u User) string {
+			return u.Name
+		}
+
+		consumeUser := Local(extractName)(consumeName)
+		consumeUser(User{Name: "Alice", Age: 30})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "Alice", capturedName)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("simplifying complex types", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type DetailedConfig struct {
+			Host     string
+			Port     int
+			Timeout  time.Duration
+			MaxRetry int
+		}
+
+		type SimpleConfig struct {
+			Host string
+			Port int
+		}
+
+		var captured SimpleConfig
+		consumeSimple := func(c SimpleConfig) {
+			captured = c
+		}
+
+		simplify := func(d DetailedConfig) SimpleConfig {
+			return SimpleConfig{Host: d.Host, Port: d.Port}
+		}
+
+		consumeDetailed := Local(simplify)(consumeSimple)
+		consumeDetailed(DetailedConfig{
+			Host:     "localhost",
+			Port:     8080,
+			Timeout:  time.Second,
+			MaxRetry: 3,
+		})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, SimpleConfig{Host: "localhost", Port: 8080}, captured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple transformations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Response struct {
+			StatusCode int
+			Body       string
+		}
+
+		var capturedStatus int
+		consumeStatus := func(code int) {
+			capturedStatus = code
+		}
+
+		getStatus := func(r Response) int {
+			return r.StatusCode
+		}
+
+		consumeResponse := Local(getStatus)(consumeStatus)
+		consumeResponse(Response{StatusCode: 200, Body: "OK"})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 200, capturedStatus)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chaining Local transformations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Level3 struct{ Value int }
+		type Level2 struct{ L3 Level3 }
+		type Level1 struct{ L2 Level2 }
+
+		var captured int
+		consumeInt := func(x int) {
+			captured = x
+		}
+
+		// Chain multiple Local transformations
+		extract3 := func(l3 Level3) int { return l3.Value }
+		extract2 := func(l2 Level2) Level3 { return l2.L3 }
+		extract1 := func(l1 Level1) Level2 { return l1.L2 }
+
+		// Compose the transformations
+		consumeLevel3 := Local(extract3)(consumeInt)
+		consumeLevel2 := Local(extract2)(consumeLevel3)
+		consumeLevel1 := Local(extract1)(consumeLevel2)
+
+		consumeLevel1(Level1{L2: Level2{L3: Level3{Value: 42}}})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 42, captured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("identity transformation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var captured string
+		consumeString := func(s string) {
+			captured = s
+		}
+
+		identity := function.Identity[string]
+
+		consumeIdentity := Local(identity)(consumeString)
+		consumeIdentity("test")
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "test", captured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("transformation with calculation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Rectangle struct {
+			Width  int
+			Height int
+		}
+
+		var capturedArea int
+		consumeArea := func(area int) {
+			capturedArea = area
+		}
+
+		calculateArea := func(r Rectangle) int {
+			return r.Width * r.Height
+		}
+
+		consumeRectangle := Local(calculateArea)(consumeArea)
+		consumeRectangle(Rectangle{Width: 5, Height: 10})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 50, capturedArea)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple consumers with same transformation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Event struct {
+			Type      string
+			Timestamp time.Time
+		}
+
+		var capturedType string
+		var capturedTime time.Time
+
+		consumeType := func(t string) {
+			capturedType = t
+		}
+
+		consumeTime := func(t time.Time) {
+			capturedTime = t
+		}
+
+		extractType := func(e Event) string { return e.Type }
+		extractTime := func(e Event) time.Time { return e.Timestamp }
+
+		consumeEventType := Local(extractType)(consumeType)
+		consumeEventTime := Local(extractTime)(consumeTime)
+
+		now := time.Now()
+		event := Event{Type: "UserLogin", Timestamp: now}
+
+		consumeEventType(event)
+		consumeEventTime(event)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "UserLogin", capturedType)
+		assert.Equal(t, now, capturedTime)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("transformation with slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var captured int
+		consumeLength := func(n int) {
+			captured = n
+		}
+
+		getLength := func(s []string) int {
+			return len(s)
+		}
+
+		consumeSlice := Local(getLength)(consumeLength)
+		consumeSlice([]string{"a", "b", "c"})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 3, captured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("transformation with map", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var captured int
+		consumeCount := func(n int) {
+			captured = n
+		}
+
+		getCount := func(m map[string]int) int {
+			return len(m)
+		}
+
+		consumeMap := Local(getCount)(consumeCount)
+		consumeMap(map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 3, captured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("transformation with pointer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var captured int
+		consumeInt := func(x int) {
+			captured = x
+		}
+
+		dereference := func(p *int) int {
+			if p == nil {
+				return 0
+			}
+			return *p
+		}
+
+		consumePointer := Local(dereference)(consumeInt)
+
+		value := 42
+		consumePointer(&value)
+		assert.Equal(t, 42, captured)
+
+		consumePointer(nil)
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, captured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("transformation with custom type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type MyType struct {
+			Value string
+		}
+
+		var captured string
+		consumeString := func(s string) {
+			captured = s
+		}
+
+		extractValue := func(m MyType) string {
+			return m.Value
+		}
+
+		consumeMyType := Local(extractValue)(consumeString)
+		consumeMyType(MyType{Value: "test"})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "test", captured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("accumulation through multiple calls", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var sum int
+		accumulate := func(x int) {
+			sum += x
+		}
+
+		double := func(x int) int {
+			return x * 2
+		}
+
+		accumulateDoubled := Local(double)(accumulate)
+
+		accumulateDoubled(1)
+		accumulateDoubled(2)
+		accumulateDoubled(3)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 12, sum) // (1*2) + (2*2) + (3*2) = 2 + 4 + 6 = 12
+	})
+
+	t.Run("transformation with error handling", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Result struct {
+			Value int
+			Error error
+		}
+
+		var captured int
+		consumeInt := func(x int) {
+			captured = x
+		}
+
+		extractValue := func(r Result) int {
+			if r.Error != nil {
+				return -1
+			}
+			return r.Value
+		}
+
+		consumeResult := Local(extractValue)(consumeInt)
+
+		consumeResult(Result{Value: 42, Error: nil})
+		assert.Equal(t, 42, captured)
+
+		consumeResult(Result{Value: 100, Error: assert.AnError})
+		assert.Equal(t, -1, captured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("transformation preserves consumer behavior", func(t *testing.T) {
+		callCount := 0
+		consumer := func(x int) {
+			callCount++
+		}
+
+		transform := func(s string) int {
+			n, _ := strconv.Atoi(s)
+			return n
+		}
+
+		transformedConsumer := Local(transform)(consumer)
+
+		transformedConsumer("1")
+		transformedConsumer("2")
+		transformedConsumer("3")
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 3, callCount)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("comparison with reader.Local behavior", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// This test demonstrates the dual nature of Consumer and Reader
+		// Consumer: transforms input before consumption (contravariant)
+		// Reader: transforms environment before reading (also contravariant on input)
+
+		type DetailedEnv struct {
+			Value int
+			Extra string
+		}
+
+		type SimpleEnv struct {
+			Value int
+		}
+
+		var captured int
+		consumeSimple := func(e SimpleEnv) {
+			captured = e.Value
+		}
+
+		simplify := func(d DetailedEnv) SimpleEnv {
+			return SimpleEnv{Value: d.Value}
+		}
+
+		consumeDetailed := Local(simplify)(consumeSimple)
+		consumeDetailed(DetailedEnv{Value: 42, Extra: "ignored"})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, 42, captured)
+	})
+}

v2/consumer/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package consumer provides types and utilities for functions that consume values without returning results.
+//
+// A Consumer represents a side-effecting operation that accepts a value but produces no output.
+// This is useful for operations like logging, printing, updating state, or any action where
+// the return value is not needed.
+package consumer
+
+type (
+	// Consumer represents a function that accepts a value of type A and performs a side effect.
+	// It does not return any value, making it useful for operations where only the side effect matters,
+	// such as logging, printing, or updating external state.
+	//
+	// This is a fundamental concept in functional programming for handling side effects in a
+	// controlled manner. Consumers can be composed, chained, or used in higher-order functions
+	// to build complex side-effecting behaviors.
+	//
+	// Type Parameters:
+	//   - A: The type of value consumed by the function
+	//
+	// Example:
+	//
+	//	// A simple consumer that prints values
+	//	var printInt Consumer[int] = func(x int) {
+	//	    fmt.Println(x)
+	//	}
+	//	printInt(42) // Prints: 42
+	//
+	//	// A consumer that logs messages
+	//	var logger Consumer[string] = func(msg string) {
+	//	    log.Println(msg)
+	//	}
+	//	logger("Hello, World!") // Logs: Hello, World!
+	//
+	//	// Consumers can be used in functional pipelines
+	//	var saveToDatabase Consumer[User] = func(user User) {
+	//	    db.Save(user)
+	//	}
+	Consumer[A any] = func(A)
+
+	Operator[A, B any] = func(Consumer[A]) Consumer[B]
+)

v2/context/ioresult/ioeither.go

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ import (
 // withContext wraps an existing IOEither and performs a context check for cancellation before delegating
 func WithContext[A any](ctx context.Context, ma IOResult[A]) IOResult[A] {
 	return func() Result[A] {
-		if err := context.Cause(ctx); err != nil {
-			return result.Left[A](err)
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return result.Left[A](context.Cause(ctx))
 		}
 		return ma()
 	}

v2/context/readerio/bracket.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package readerio
+
+import (
+	RIO "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerio"
+)
+
+//go:inline
+func Bracket[
+	A, B, ANY any](
+
+	acquire ReaderIO[A],
+	use Kleisli[A, B],
+	release func(A, B) ReaderIO[ANY],
+) ReaderIO[B] {
+	return RIO.Bracket(acquire, use, release)
+}

v2/context/readerio/consumer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package readerio
+
+import "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/io"
+
+//go:inline
+func ChainConsumer[A any](c Consumer[A]) Operator[A, struct{}] {
+	return ChainIOK(io.FromConsumerK(c))
+}
+
+//go:inline
+func ChainFirstConsumer[A any](c Consumer[A]) Operator[A, A] {
+	return ChainFirstIOK(io.FromConsumerK(c))
+}

v2/context/readerio/flip.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package readerio
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	RIO "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerio"
+)
+
+//go:inline
+func SequenceReader[R, A any](ma ReaderIO[Reader[R, A]]) Reader[R, ReaderIO[A]] {
+	return RIO.SequenceReader(ma)
+}
+
+//go:inline
+func TraverseReader[R, A, B any](
+	f reader.Kleisli[R, A, B],
+) func(ReaderIO[A]) Kleisli[R, B] {
+	return RIO.TraverseReader[context.Context](f)
+}

v2/context/readerio/logging.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package readerio
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/logging"
+)
+
+func SLogWithCallback[A any](
+	logLevel slog.Level,
+	cb func(context.Context) *slog.Logger,
+	message string) Kleisli[A, A] {
+	return func(a A) ReaderIO[A] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IO[A] {
+			// logger
+			logger := cb(ctx)
+			return func() A {
+				logger.LogAttrs(ctx, logLevel, message, slog.Any("value", a))
+				return a
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+//go:inline
+func SLog[A any](message string) Kleisli[A, A] {
+	return SLogWithCallback[A](slog.LevelInfo, logging.GetLoggerFromContext, message)
+}

v2/context/readerio/reader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,769 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerio
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	RIO "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerio"
+)
+
+const (
+	// useParallel is the feature flag to control if we use the parallel or the sequential implementation of ap
+	useParallel = true
+)
+
+// MonadMap transforms the success value of a [ReaderIO] using the provided function.
+// If the computation fails, the error is propagated unchanged.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fa: The ReaderIO to transform
+//   - f: The transformation function
+//
+// Returns a new ReaderIO with the transformed value.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadMap[A, B any](fa ReaderIO[A], f func(A) B) ReaderIO[B] {
+	return RIO.MonadMap(fa, f)
+}
+
+// Map transforms the success value of a [ReaderIO] using the provided function.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadMap], useful for composition.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: The transformation function
+//
+// Returns a function that transforms a ReaderIO.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Map[A, B any](f func(A) B) Operator[A, B] {
+	return RIO.Map[context.Context](f)
+}
+
+// MonadMapTo replaces the success value of a [ReaderIO] with a constant value.
+// If the computation fails, the error is propagated unchanged.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fa: The ReaderIO to transform
+//   - b: The constant value to use
+//
+// Returns a new ReaderIO with the constant value.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadMapTo[A, B any](fa ReaderIO[A], b B) ReaderIO[B] {
+	return RIO.MonadMapTo(fa, b)
+}
+
+// MapTo replaces the success value of a [ReaderIO] with a constant value.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadMapTo].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - b: The constant value to use
+//
+// Returns a function that transforms a ReaderIO.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MapTo[A, B any](b B) Operator[A, B] {
+	return RIO.MapTo[context.Context, A](b)
+}
+
+// MonadChain sequences two [ReaderIO] computations, where the second depends on the result of the first.
+// If the first computation fails, the second is not executed.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The first ReaderIO
+//   - f: Function that produces the second ReaderIO based on the first's result
+//
+// Returns a new ReaderIO representing the sequenced computation.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadChain[A, B any](ma ReaderIO[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIO[B] {
+	return RIO.MonadChain(ma, f)
+}
+
+// Chain sequences two [ReaderIO] computations, where the second depends on the result of the first.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadChain], useful for composition.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: Function that produces the second ReaderIO based on the first's result
+//
+// Returns a function that sequences ReaderIO computations.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Chain[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
+	return RIO.Chain(f)
+}
+
+// MonadChainFirst sequences two [ReaderIO] computations but returns the result of the first.
+// The second computation is executed for its side effects only.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The first ReaderIO
+//   - f: Function that produces the second ReaderIO
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO with the result of the first computation.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadChainFirst[A, B any](ma ReaderIO[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.MonadChainFirst(ma, f)
+}
+
+// MonadTap executes a side-effect computation but returns the original value.
+// This is an alias for [MonadChainFirst] and is useful for operations like logging
+// or validation that should not affect the main computation flow.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The ReaderIO to tap
+//   - f: Function that produces a side-effect ReaderIO
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO with the original value after executing the side effect.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadTap[A, B any](ma ReaderIO[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.MonadTap(ma, f)
+}
+
+// ChainFirst sequences two [ReaderIO] computations but returns the result of the first.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadChainFirst].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: Function that produces the second ReaderIO
+//
+// Returns a function that sequences ReaderIO computations.
+//
+//go:inline
+func ChainFirst[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
+	return RIO.ChainFirst(f)
+}
+
+// Tap executes a side-effect computation but returns the original value.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadTap], an alias for [ChainFirst].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: Function that produces a side-effect ReaderIO
+//
+// Returns a function that taps ReaderIO computations.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Tap[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
+	return RIO.Tap(f)
+}
+
+// Of creates a [ReaderIO] that always succeeds with the given value.
+// This is the same as [Right] and represents the monadic return operation.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - a: The value to wrap
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO that always succeeds with the given value.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Of[A any](a A) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.Of[context.Context](a)
+}
+
+// MonadApPar implements parallel applicative application for [ReaderIO].
+// It executes the function and value computations in parallel where possible,
+// potentially improving performance for independent operations.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fab: ReaderIO containing a function
+//   - fa: ReaderIO containing a value
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO with the function applied to the value.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadApPar[B, A any](fab ReaderIO[func(A) B], fa ReaderIO[A]) ReaderIO[B] {
+	return RIO.MonadApPar(fab, fa)
+}
+
+// MonadAp implements applicative application for [ReaderIO].
+// By default, it uses parallel execution ([MonadApPar]) but can be configured to use
+// sequential execution ([MonadApSeq]) via the useParallel constant.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fab: ReaderIO containing a function
+//   - fa: ReaderIO containing a value
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO with the function applied to the value.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadAp[B, A any](fab ReaderIO[func(A) B], fa ReaderIO[A]) ReaderIO[B] {
+	// dispatch to the configured version
+	if useParallel {
+		return MonadApPar(fab, fa)
+	}
+	return MonadApSeq(fab, fa)
+}
+
+// MonadApSeq implements sequential applicative application for [ReaderIO].
+// It executes the function computation first, then the value computation.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fab: ReaderIO containing a function
+//   - fa: ReaderIO containing a value
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO with the function applied to the value.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadApSeq[B, A any](fab ReaderIO[func(A) B], fa ReaderIO[A]) ReaderIO[B] {
+	return RIO.MonadApSeq(fab, fa)
+}
+
+// Ap applies a function wrapped in a [ReaderIO] to a value wrapped in a ReaderIO.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadAp], using the default execution mode.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fa: ReaderIO containing a value
+//
+// Returns a function that applies a ReaderIO function to the value.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Ap[B, A any](fa ReaderIO[A]) Operator[func(A) B, B] {
+	return RIO.Ap[B](fa)
+}
+
+// ApSeq applies a function wrapped in a [ReaderIO] to a value sequentially.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadApSeq].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fa: ReaderIO containing a value
+//
+// Returns a function that applies a ReaderIO function to the value sequentially.
+//
+//go:inline
+func ApSeq[B, A any](fa ReaderIO[A]) Operator[func(A) B, B] {
+	return function.Bind2nd(MonadApSeq[B, A], fa)
+}
+
+// ApPar applies a function wrapped in a [ReaderIO] to a value in parallel.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadApPar].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fa: ReaderIO containing a value
+//
+// Returns a function that applies a ReaderIO function to the value in parallel.
+//
+//go:inline
+func ApPar[B, A any](fa ReaderIO[A]) Operator[func(A) B, B] {
+	return function.Bind2nd(MonadApPar[B, A], fa)
+}
+
+// Ask returns a [ReaderIO] that provides access to the context.
+// This is useful for accessing the [context.Context] within a computation.
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO that produces the context.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Ask() ReaderIO[context.Context] {
+	return RIO.Ask[context.Context]()
+}
+
+// FromIO converts an [IO] into a [ReaderIO].
+// The IO computation always succeeds, so it's wrapped in Right.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - t: The IO to convert
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO that executes the IO and wraps the result in Right.
+//
+//go:inline
+func FromIO[A any](t IO[A]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.FromIO[context.Context](t)
+}
+
+// FromReader converts a [Reader] into a [ReaderIO].
+// The Reader computation is lifted into the IO context, allowing it to be
+// composed with other ReaderIO operations.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - t: The Reader to convert
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO that executes the Reader and wraps the result in IO.
+//
+//go:inline
+func FromReader[A any](t Reader[context.Context, A]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.FromReader(t)
+}
+
+// FromLazy converts a [Lazy] computation into a [ReaderIO].
+// The Lazy computation always succeeds, so it's wrapped in Right.
+// This is an alias for [FromIO] since Lazy and IO have the same structure.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - t: The Lazy computation to convert
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO that executes the Lazy computation and wraps the result in Right.
+//
+//go:inline
+func FromLazy[A any](t Lazy[A]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.FromIO[context.Context](t)
+}
+
+// MonadChainIOK chains a function that returns an [IO] into a [ReaderIO] computation.
+// The IO computation always succeeds, so it's wrapped in Right.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The ReaderIO to chain from
+//   - f: Function that produces an IO
+//
+// Returns a new ReaderIO with the chained IO computation.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadChainIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIO[A], f func(A) IO[B]) ReaderIO[B] {
+	return RIO.MonadChainIOK(ma, f)
+}
+
+// ChainIOK chains a function that returns an [IO] into a [ReaderIO] computation.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadChainIOK].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: Function that produces an IO
+//
+// Returns a function that chains the IO-returning function.
+//
+//go:inline
+func ChainIOK[A, B any](f func(A) IO[B]) Operator[A, B] {
+	return RIO.ChainIOK[context.Context](f)
+}
+
+// MonadChainFirstIOK chains a function that returns an [IO] but keeps the original value.
+// The IO computation is executed for its side effects only.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The ReaderIO to chain from
+//   - f: Function that produces an IO
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO with the original value after executing the IO.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadChainFirstIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIO[A], f func(A) IO[B]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.MonadChainFirstIOK(ma, f)
+}
+
+// MonadTapIOK chains a function that returns an [IO] but keeps the original value.
+// This is an alias for [MonadChainFirstIOK] and is useful for side effects like logging.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The ReaderIO to tap
+//   - f: Function that produces an IO for side effects
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO with the original value after executing the IO.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadTapIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIO[A], f func(A) IO[B]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.MonadTapIOK(ma, f)
+}
+
+// ChainFirstIOK chains a function that returns an [IO] but keeps the original value.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadChainFirstIOK].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: Function that produces an IO
+//
+// Returns a function that chains the IO-returning function.
+//
+//go:inline
+func ChainFirstIOK[A, B any](f func(A) IO[B]) Operator[A, A] {
+	return RIO.ChainFirstIOK[context.Context](f)
+}
+
+// TapIOK chains a function that returns an [IO] but keeps the original value.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadTapIOK], an alias for [ChainFirstIOK].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: Function that produces an IO for side effects
+//
+// Returns a function that taps with IO-returning functions.
+//
+//go:inline
+func TapIOK[A, B any](f func(A) IO[B]) Operator[A, A] {
+	return RIO.TapIOK[context.Context](f)
+}
+
+// Defer creates a [ReaderIO] by lazily generating a new computation each time it's executed.
+// This is useful for creating computations that should be re-evaluated on each execution.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - gen: Lazy generator function that produces a ReaderIO
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO that generates a fresh computation on each execution.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Defer[A any](gen Lazy[ReaderIO[A]]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.Defer(gen)
+}
+
+// Memoize computes the value of the provided [ReaderIO] monad lazily but exactly once.
+// The context used to compute the value is the context of the first call, so do not use this
+// method if the value has a functional dependency on the content of the context.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - rdr: The ReaderIO to memoize
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO that caches its result after the first execution.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Memoize[A any](rdr ReaderIO[A]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.Memoize(rdr)
+}
+
+// Flatten converts a nested [ReaderIO] into a flat [ReaderIO].
+// This is equivalent to [MonadChain] with the identity function.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - rdr: The nested ReaderIO to flatten
+//
+// Returns a flattened ReaderIO.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Flatten[A any](rdr ReaderIO[ReaderIO[A]]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.Flatten(rdr)
+}
+
+// MonadFlap applies a value to a function wrapped in a [ReaderIO].
+// This is the reverse of [MonadAp], useful in certain composition scenarios.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - fab: ReaderIO containing a function
+//   - a: The value to apply to the function
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO with the function applied to the value.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadFlap[B, A any](fab ReaderIO[func(A) B], a A) ReaderIO[B] {
+	return RIO.MonadFlap(fab, a)
+}
+
+// Flap applies a value to a function wrapped in a [ReaderIO].
+// This is the curried version of [MonadFlap].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - a: The value to apply to the function
+//
+// Returns a function that applies the value to a ReaderIO function.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Flap[B, A any](a A) Operator[func(A) B, B] {
+	return RIO.Flap[context.Context, B](a)
+}
+
+// MonadChainReaderK chains a [ReaderIO] with a function that returns a [Reader].
+// The Reader is lifted into the ReaderIO context, allowing composition of
+// Reader and ReaderIO operations.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The ReaderIO to chain from
+//   - f: Function that produces a Reader
+//
+// Returns a new ReaderIO with the chained Reader computation.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadChainReaderK[A, B any](ma ReaderIO[A], f reader.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) ReaderIO[B] {
+	return RIO.MonadChainReaderK(ma, f)
+}
+
+// ChainReaderK chains a [ReaderIO] with a function that returns a [Reader].
+// This is the curried version of [MonadChainReaderK].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: Function that produces a Reader
+//
+// Returns a function that chains Reader-returning functions.
+//
+//go:inline
+func ChainReaderK[A, B any](f reader.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
+	return RIO.ChainReaderK(f)
+}
+
+// MonadChainFirstReaderK chains a function that returns a [Reader] but keeps the original value.
+// The Reader computation is executed for its side effects only.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The ReaderIO to chain from
+//   - f: Function that produces a Reader
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO with the original value after executing the Reader.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadChainFirstReaderK[A, B any](ma ReaderIO[A], f reader.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.MonadChainFirstReaderK(ma, f)
+}
+
+// MonadTapReaderK chains a function that returns a [Reader] but keeps the original value.
+// This is an alias for [MonadChainFirstReaderK] and is useful for side effects.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The ReaderIO to tap
+//   - f: Function that produces a Reader for side effects
+//
+// Returns a ReaderIO with the original value after executing the Reader.
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadTapReaderK[A, B any](ma ReaderIO[A], f reader.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) ReaderIO[A] {
+	return RIO.MonadTapReaderK(ma, f)
+}
+
+// ChainFirstReaderK chains a function that returns a [Reader] but keeps the original value.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadChainFirstReaderK].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: Function that produces a Reader
+//
+// Returns a function that chains Reader-returning functions while preserving the original value.
+//
+//go:inline
+func ChainFirstReaderK[A, B any](f reader.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
+	return RIO.ChainFirstReaderK(f)
+}
+
+// TapReaderK chains a function that returns a [Reader] but keeps the original value.
+// This is the curried version of [MonadTapReaderK], an alias for [ChainFirstReaderK].
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: Function that produces a Reader for side effects
+//
+// Returns a function that taps with Reader-returning functions.
+//
+//go:inline
+func TapReaderK[A, B any](f reader.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
+	return RIO.TapReaderK(f)
+}
+
+// Read executes a [ReaderIO] with a given context, returning the resulting [IO].
+// This is useful for providing the context dependency and obtaining an IO action
+// that can be executed later.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - r: The context to provide to the ReaderIO
+//
+// Returns a function that converts a ReaderIO into an IO by applying the context.
+//
+//go:inline
+func Read[A any](r context.Context) func(ReaderIO[A]) IO[A] {
+	return RIO.Read[A](r)
+}
+
+// Local transforms the context.Context environment before passing it to a ReaderIO computation.
+//
+// This is the Reader's local operation, which allows you to modify the environment
+// for a specific computation without affecting the outer context. The transformation
+// function receives the current context and returns a new context along with a
+// cancel function. The cancel function is automatically called when the computation
+// completes (via defer), ensuring proper cleanup of resources.
+//
+// This is useful for:
+//   - Adding timeouts or deadlines to specific operations
+//   - Adding context values for nested computations
+//   - Creating isolated context scopes
+//   - Implementing context-based dependency injection
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The value type of the ReaderIO
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: A function that transforms the context and returns a cancel function
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that runs the computation with the transformed context
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	import F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+//
+//	// Add a custom value to the context
+//	type key int
+//	const userKey key = 0
+//
+//	addUser := readerio.Local[string](func(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+//	    newCtx := context.WithValue(ctx, userKey, "Alice")
+//	    return newCtx, func() {} // No-op cancel
+//	})
+//
+//	getUser := readerio.FromReader(func(ctx context.Context) string {
+//	    if user := ctx.Value(userKey); user != nil {
+//	        return user.(string)
+//	    }
+//	    return "unknown"
+//	})
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    getUser,
+//	    addUser,
+//	)
+//	user := result(context.Background())()  // Returns "Alice"
+//
+// Timeout Example:
+//
+//	// Add a 5-second timeout to a specific operation
+//	withTimeout := readerio.Local[Data](func(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+//	    return context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
+//	})
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    fetchData,
+//	    withTimeout,
+//	)
+func Local[A any](f func(context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc)) Operator[A, A] {
+	return func(rr ReaderIO[A]) ReaderIO[A] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IO[A] {
+			return func() A {
+				otherCtx, otherCancel := f(ctx)
+				defer otherCancel()
+				return rr(otherCtx)()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// WithTimeout adds a timeout to the context for a ReaderIO computation.
+//
+// This is a convenience wrapper around Local that uses context.WithTimeout.
+// The computation must complete within the specified duration, or it will be
+// cancelled. This is useful for ensuring operations don't run indefinitely
+// and for implementing timeout-based error handling.
+//
+// The timeout is relative to when the ReaderIO is executed, not when
+// WithTimeout is called. The cancel function is automatically called when
+// the computation completes, ensuring proper cleanup.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The value type of the ReaderIO
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - timeout: The maximum duration for the computation
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that runs the computation with a timeout
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	import (
+//	    "time"
+//	    F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+//	)
+//
+//	// Fetch data with a 5-second timeout
+//	fetchData := readerio.FromReader(func(ctx context.Context) Data {
+//	    // Simulate slow operation
+//	    select {
+//	    case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+//	        return Data{Value: "slow"}
+//	    case <-ctx.Done():
+//	        return Data{}
+//	    }
+//	})
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    fetchData,
+//	    readerio.WithTimeout[Data](5*time.Second),
+//	)
+//	data := result(context.Background())()  // Returns Data{} after 5s timeout
+//
+// Successful Example:
+//
+//	quickFetch := readerio.Of(Data{Value: "quick"})
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    quickFetch,
+//	    readerio.WithTimeout[Data](5*time.Second),
+//	)
+//	data := result(context.Background())()  // Returns Data{Value: "quick"}
+func WithTimeout[A any](timeout time.Duration) Operator[A, A] {
+	return Local[A](func(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+		return context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
+	})
+}
+
+// WithDeadline adds an absolute deadline to the context for a ReaderIO computation.
+//
+// This is a convenience wrapper around Local that uses context.WithDeadline.
+// The computation must complete before the specified time, or it will be
+// cancelled. This is useful for coordinating operations that must finish
+// by a specific time, such as request deadlines or scheduled tasks.
+//
+// The deadline is an absolute time, unlike WithTimeout which uses a relative
+// duration. The cancel function is automatically called when the computation
+// completes, ensuring proper cleanup.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The value type of the ReaderIO
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - deadline: The absolute time by which the computation must complete
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that runs the computation with a deadline
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	import (
+//	    "time"
+//	    F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+//	)
+//
+//	// Operation must complete by 3 PM
+//	deadline := time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 15, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+//
+//	fetchData := readerio.FromReader(func(ctx context.Context) Data {
+//	    // Simulate operation
+//	    select {
+//	    case <-time.After(1 * time.Hour):
+//	        return Data{Value: "done"}
+//	    case <-ctx.Done():
+//	        return Data{}
+//	    }
+//	})
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    fetchData,
+//	    readerio.WithDeadline[Data](deadline),
+//	)
+//	data := result(context.Background())()  // Returns Data{} if past deadline
+//
+// Combining with Parent Context:
+//
+//	// If parent context already has a deadline, the earlier one takes precedence
+//	parentCtx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), time.Now().Add(1*time.Hour))
+//	defer cancel()
+//
+//	laterDeadline := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour)
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    fetchData,
+//	    readerio.WithDeadline[Data](laterDeadline),
+//	)
+//	data := result(parentCtx)()  // Will use parent's 1-hour deadline
+func WithDeadline[A any](deadline time.Time) Operator[A, A] {
+	return Local[A](func(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+		return context.WithDeadline(ctx, deadline)
+	})
+}
+
+// Delay creates an operation that passes in the value after some delay
+//
+//go:inline
+func Delay[A any](delay time.Duration) Operator[A, A] {
+	return RIO.Delay[context.Context, A](delay)
+}
+
+// After creates an operation that passes after the given [time.Time]
+//
+//go:inline
+func After[R, E, A any](timestamp time.Time) Operator[A, A] {
+	return RIO.After[context.Context, A](timestamp)
+}

v2/context/readerio/reader_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerio
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/utils"
+	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/io"
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestMonadMap(t *testing.T) {
+	rio := Of(5)
+	doubled := MonadMap(rio, N.Mul(2))
+
+	result := doubled(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, result)
+}
+
+func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
+	g := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(1),
+		Map(utils.Double),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, g(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestMonadMapTo(t *testing.T) {
+	rio := Of(42)
+	replaced := MonadMapTo(rio, "constant")
+
+	result := replaced(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, "constant", result)
+}
+
+func TestMapTo(t *testing.T) {
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(42),
+		MapTo[int]("constant"),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "constant", result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestMonadChain(t *testing.T) {
+	rio1 := Of(5)
+	result := MonadChain(rio1, func(n int) ReaderIO[int] {
+		return Of(n * 3)
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 15, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestChain(t *testing.T) {
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(5),
+		Chain(func(n int) ReaderIO[int] {
+			return Of(n * 3)
+		}),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 15, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestMonadChainFirst(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	rio := Of(42)
+	result := MonadChainFirst(rio, func(n int) ReaderIO[string] {
+		sideEffect = n
+		return Of("side effect")
+	})
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestChainFirst(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(42),
+		ChainFirst(func(n int) ReaderIO[string] {
+			sideEffect = n
+			return Of("side effect")
+		}),
+	)
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestMonadTap(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	rio := Of(42)
+	result := MonadTap(rio, func(n int) ReaderIO[func()] {
+		sideEffect = n
+		return Of(func() {})
+	})
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestTap(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(42),
+		Tap(func(n int) ReaderIO[func()] {
+			sideEffect = n
+			return Of(func() {})
+		}),
+	)
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestOf(t *testing.T) {
+	rio := Of(100)
+	result := rio(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 100, result)
+}
+
+func TestMonadAp(t *testing.T) {
+	fabIO := Of(N.Mul(2))
+	faIO := Of(5)
+	result := MonadAp(fabIO, faIO)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestAp(t *testing.T) {
+	g := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(utils.Double),
+		Ap[int](Of(1)),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, g(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestMonadApSeq(t *testing.T) {
+	fabIO := Of(N.Add(10))
+	faIO := Of(5)
+	result := MonadApSeq(fabIO, faIO)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 15, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestApSeq(t *testing.T) {
+	g := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(N.Add(10)),
+		ApSeq[int](Of(5)),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 15, g(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestMonadApPar(t *testing.T) {
+	fabIO := Of(N.Add(10))
+	faIO := Of(5)
+	result := MonadApPar(fabIO, faIO)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 15, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestApPar(t *testing.T) {
+	g := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(N.Add(10)),
+		ApPar[int](Of(5)),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 15, g(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestAsk(t *testing.T) {
+	rio := Ask()
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), "key", "value")
+	result := rio(ctx)()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, ctx, result)
+}
+
+func TestFromIO(t *testing.T) {
+	ioAction := G.Of(42)
+	rio := FromIO(ioAction)
+
+	result := rio(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, result)
+}
+
+func TestFromReader(t *testing.T) {
+	rdr := func(ctx context.Context) int {
+		return 42
+	}
+
+	rio := FromReader(rdr)
+	result := rio(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, result)
+}
+
+func TestFromLazy(t *testing.T) {
+	lazy := func() int { return 42 }
+	rio := FromLazy(lazy)
+
+	result := rio(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, result)
+}
+
+func TestMonadChainIOK(t *testing.T) {
+	rio := Of(5)
+	result := MonadChainIOK(rio, func(n int) G.IO[int] {
+		return G.Of(n * 4)
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 20, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestChainIOK(t *testing.T) {
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(5),
+		ChainIOK(func(n int) G.IO[int] {
+			return G.Of(n * 4)
+		}),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 20, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestMonadChainFirstIOK(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	rio := Of(42)
+	result := MonadChainFirstIOK(rio, func(n int) G.IO[string] {
+		sideEffect = n
+		return G.Of("side effect")
+	})
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestChainFirstIOK(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(42),
+		ChainFirstIOK(func(n int) G.IO[string] {
+			sideEffect = n
+			return G.Of("side effect")
+		}),
+	)
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestMonadTapIOK(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	rio := Of(42)
+	result := MonadTapIOK(rio, func(n int) G.IO[func()] {
+		sideEffect = n
+		return G.Of(func() {})
+	})
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestTapIOK(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(42),
+		TapIOK(func(n int) G.IO[func()] {
+			sideEffect = n
+			return G.Of(func() {})
+		}),
+	)
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestDefer(t *testing.T) {
+	counter := 0
+	rio := Defer(func() ReaderIO[int] {
+		counter++
+		return Of(counter)
+	})
+
+	result1 := rio(context.Background())()
+	result2 := rio(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, result1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, result2)
+}
+
+func TestMemoize(t *testing.T) {
+	counter := 0
+	rio := Of(0)
+	memoized := Memoize(MonadMap(rio, func(int) int {
+		counter++
+		return counter
+	}))
+
+	result1 := memoized(context.Background())()
+	result2 := memoized(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, result1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, result2) // Same value, memoized
+}
+
+func TestFlatten(t *testing.T) {
+	nested := Of(Of(42))
+	flattened := Flatten(nested)
+
+	result := flattened(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, result)
+}
+
+func TestMonadFlap(t *testing.T) {
+	fabIO := Of(N.Mul(3))
+	result := MonadFlap(fabIO, 7)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 21, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestFlap(t *testing.T) {
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(N.Mul(3)),
+		Flap[int](7),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 21, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestMonadChainReaderK(t *testing.T) {
+	rio := Of(5)
+	result := MonadChainReaderK(rio, func(n int) reader.Reader[context.Context, int] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) int { return n * 2 }
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestChainReaderK(t *testing.T) {
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(5),
+		ChainReaderK(func(n int) reader.Reader[context.Context, int] {
+			return func(ctx context.Context) int { return n * 2 }
+		}),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestMonadChainFirstReaderK(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	rio := Of(42)
+	result := MonadChainFirstReaderK(rio, func(n int) reader.Reader[context.Context, string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) string {
+			sideEffect = n
+			return "side effect"
+		}
+	})
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestChainFirstReaderK(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(42),
+		ChainFirstReaderK(func(n int) reader.Reader[context.Context, string] {
+			return func(ctx context.Context) string {
+				sideEffect = n
+				return "side effect"
+			}
+		}),
+	)
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestMonadTapReaderK(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	rio := Of(42)
+	result := MonadTapReaderK(rio, func(n int) reader.Reader[context.Context, func()] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) func() {
+			sideEffect = n
+			return func() {}
+		}
+	})
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestTapReaderK(t *testing.T) {
+	sideEffect := 0
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(42),
+		TapReaderK(func(n int) reader.Reader[context.Context, func()] {
+			return func(ctx context.Context) func() {
+				sideEffect = n
+				return func() {}
+			}
+		}),
+	)
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, sideEffect)
+}
+
+func TestRead(t *testing.T) {
+	rio := Of(42)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ioAction := Read[int](ctx)(rio)
+	result := ioAction()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, result)
+}
+
+func TestComplexPipeline(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test a complex pipeline combining multiple operations
+	result := F.Pipe3(
+		Ask(),
+		Map(func(ctx context.Context) int { return 5 }),
+		Chain(func(n int) ReaderIO[int] {
+			return Of(n * 2)
+		}),
+		Map(N.Add(10)),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 20, result(context.Background())()) // (5 * 2) + 10 = 20
+}
+
+func TestFromIOWithChain(t *testing.T) {
+	ioAction := G.Of(10)
+
+	result := F.Pipe1(
+		FromIO(ioAction),
+		Chain(func(n int) ReaderIO[int] {
+			return Of(n + 5)
+		}),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 15, result(context.Background())())
+}
+
+func TestTapWithLogging(t *testing.T) {
+	// Simulate logging scenario
+	logged := []int{}
+
+	result := F.Pipe3(
+		Of(42),
+		Tap(func(n int) ReaderIO[func()] {
+			logged = append(logged, n)
+			return Of(func() {})
+		}),
+		Map(N.Mul(2)),
+		Tap(func(n int) ReaderIO[func()] {
+			logged = append(logged, n)
+			return Of(func() {})
+		}),
+	)
+
+	value := result(context.Background())()
+	assert.Equal(t, 84, value)
+	assert.Equal(t, []int{42, 84}, logged)
+}

v2/context/readerio/rec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerio
+
+import (
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerio"
+)
+
+//go:inline
+func TailRec[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, Either[A, B]]) Kleisli[A, B] {
+	return readerio.TailRec(f)
+}

v2/context/readerio/retry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerio
+
+import (
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/retry"
+	RG "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/retry/generic"
+)
+
+//go:inline
+func Retrying[A any](
+	policy retry.RetryPolicy,
+	action Kleisli[retry.RetryStatus, A],
+	check func(A) bool,
+) ReaderIO[A] {
+	// get an implementation for the types
+	return RG.Retrying(
+		Chain[A, A],
+		Chain[retry.RetryStatus, A],
+		Of[A],
+		Of[retry.RetryStatus],
+		Delay[retry.RetryStatus],
+
+		policy,
+		action,
+		check,
+	)
+}

v2/context/readerio/type.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerio
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/consumer"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/io"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/lazy"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerio"
+)
+
+type (
+	// Lazy represents a deferred computation that produces a value of type A when executed.
+	// The computation is not executed until explicitly invoked.
+	Lazy[A any] = lazy.Lazy[A]
+
+	// IO represents a side-effectful computation that produces a value of type A.
+	// The computation is deferred and only executed when invoked.
+	//
+	// IO[A] is equivalent to func() A
+	IO[A any] = io.IO[A]
+
+	// Reader represents a computation that depends on a context of type R.
+	// This is used for dependency injection and accessing shared context.
+	//
+	// Reader[R, A] is equivalent to func(R) A
+	Reader[R, A any] = reader.Reader[R, A]
+
+	// ReaderIO represents a context-dependent computation that performs side effects.
+	// This is specialized to use [context.Context] as the context type.
+	//
+	// ReaderIO[A] is equivalent to func(context.Context) func() A
+	ReaderIO[A any] = readerio.ReaderIO[context.Context, A]
+
+	// Kleisli represents a Kleisli arrow for the ReaderIO monad.
+	// It is a function that takes a value of type A and returns a ReaderIO computation
+	// that produces a value of type B.
+	//
+	// Kleisli arrows are used for composing monadic computations and are fundamental
+	// to functional programming patterns involving effects and context.
+	//
+	// Kleisli[A, B] is equivalent to func(A) func(context.Context) func() B
+	Kleisli[A, B any] = reader.Reader[A, ReaderIO[B]]
+
+	// Operator represents a transformation from one ReaderIO computation to another.
+	// It takes a ReaderIO[A] and returns a ReaderIO[B], allowing for the composition
+	// of context-dependent, side-effectful computations.
+	//
+	// Operators are useful for building pipelines of ReaderIO computations where
+	// each step can depend on the previous computation's result.
+	//
+	// Operator[A, B] is equivalent to func(ReaderIO[A]) func(context.Context) func() B
+	Operator[A, B any] = Kleisli[ReaderIO[A], B]
+
+	Consumer[A any] = consumer.Consumer[A]
+
+	Either[E, A any] = either.Either[E, A]
+)

v2/context/readerioresult/FLIP_POINTFREE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+# Sequence Functions and Point-Free Style Programming
+
+This document explains how the `Sequence*` functions in the `context/readerioresult` package enable point-free style programming and improve code composition.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+1. [What is Point-Free Style?](#what-is-point-free-style)
+2. [The Problem: Nested Function Application](#the-problem-nested-function-application)
+3. [The Solution: Sequence Functions](#the-solution-sequence-functions)
+4. [How Sequence Enables Point-Free Style](#how-sequence-enables-point-free-style)
+5. [TraverseReader: Introducing Dependencies](#traversereader-introducing-dependencies)
+6. [Practical Benefits](#practical-benefits)
+7. [Examples](#examples)
+8. [Comparison: With and Without Sequence](#comparison-with-and-without-sequence)
+
+## What is Point-Free Style?
+
+Point-free style (also called tacit programming) is a programming paradigm where function definitions don't explicitly mention their arguments. Instead, functions are composed using combinators and higher-order functions.
+
+**Traditional style (with points):**
+```go
+func double(x int) int {
+    return x * 2
+}
+```
+
+**Point-free style (without points):**
+```go
+var double = N.Mul(2)
+```
+
+The key benefit is that point-free style emphasizes **what** the function does (its transformation) rather than **how** it manipulates data.
+
+## The Problem: Nested Function Application
+
+In functional programming with monadic types like `ReaderIOResult`, we often have nested structures where we need to apply parameters in a specific order. Consider:
+
+```go
+type ReaderIOResult[A any] = func(context.Context) func() Either[error, A]
+type Reader[R, A any] = func(R) A
+
+// A computation that produces a Reader
+type Computation = ReaderIOResult[Reader[Config, int]]
+// Expands to: func(context.Context) func() Either[error, func(Config) int]
+```
+
+To use this, we must apply parameters in this order:
+1. First, provide `context.Context`
+2. Then, execute the IO effect (call the function)
+3. Then, unwrap the `Either` to get the `Reader`
+4. Finally, provide the `Config`
+
+This creates several problems:
+
+### Problem 1: Awkward Parameter Order
+
+```go
+computation := getComputation()
+ctx := context.Background()
+cfg := Config{Value: 42}
+
+// Must apply in this specific order
+result := computation(ctx)()  // Get Either[error, Reader[Config, int]]
+if reader, err := either.Unwrap(result); err == nil {
+    value := reader(cfg)  // Finally apply Config
+    // use value
+}
+```
+
+The `Config` parameter, which is often known early and stable, must be provided last. This prevents partial application and reuse.
+
+### Problem 2: Cannot Partially Apply Dependencies
+
+```go
+// Want to do this: create a reusable computation with Config baked in
+// But can't because Config comes last!
+withConfig := computation(cfg)  // ❌ Doesn't work - cfg comes last, not first
+```
+
+### Problem 3: Breaks Point-Free Composition
+
+```go
+// Want to compose like this:
+var pipeline = F.Flow3(
+    getComputation,
+    applyConfig(cfg),  // ❌ Can't do this - Config comes last
+    processResult,
+)
+```
+
+## The Solution: Sequence Functions
+
+The `Sequence*` functions solve this by "flipping" or "sequencing" the nested structure, changing the order in which parameters are applied.
+
+### SequenceReader
+
+```go
+func SequenceReader[R, A any](
+    ma ReaderIOResult[Reader[R, A]]
+) Kleisli[R, A]
+```
+
+**Type transformation:**
+```
+From: func(context.Context) func() Either[error, func(R) A]
+To:   func(R) func(context.Context) func() Either[error, A]
+```
+
+Now `R` (the Reader's environment) comes **first**, before `context.Context`!
+
+### SequenceReaderIO
+
+```go
+func SequenceReaderIO[R, A any](
+    ma ReaderIOResult[ReaderIO[R, A]]
+) Kleisli[R, A]
+```
+
+**Type transformation:**
+```
+From: func(context.Context) func() Either[error, func(R) func() A]
+To:   func(R) func(context.Context) func() Either[error, A]
+```
+
+### SequenceReaderResult
+
+```go
+func SequenceReaderResult[R, A any](
+    ma ReaderIOResult[ReaderResult[R, A]]
+) Kleisli[R, A]
+```
+
+**Type transformation:**
+```
+From: func(context.Context) func() Either[error, func(R) Either[error, A]]
+To:   func(R) func(context.Context) func() Either[error, A]
+```
+
+## How Sequence Enables Point-Free Style
+
+### 1. Partial Application
+
+By moving the environment parameter first, we can partially apply it:
+
+```go
+type Config struct { Multiplier int }
+
+computation := getComputation()  // ReaderIOResult[Reader[Config, int]]
+sequenced := SequenceReader[Config, int](computation)
+
+// Partially apply Config
+cfg := Config{Multiplier: 5}
+withConfig := sequenced(cfg)  // ✅ Now we have ReaderIOResult[int]
+
+// Reuse with different contexts
+result1 := withConfig(ctx1)()
+result2 := withConfig(ctx2)()
+```
+
+### 2. Dependency Injection
+
+Inject dependencies early in the pipeline:
+
+```go
+type Database struct { ConnectionString string }
+
+makeQuery := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, func(Database) string] {
+    // ... implementation
+}
+
+// Sequence to enable DI
+queryWithDB := SequenceReader[Database, string](makeQuery)
+
+// Inject database
+db := Database{ConnectionString: "localhost:5432"}
+query := queryWithDB(db)  // ✅ Database injected
+
+// Use query with any context
+result := query(context.Background())()
+```
+
+### 3. Point-Free Composition
+
+Build pipelines without mentioning intermediate values:
+
+```go
+var pipeline = F.Flow3(
+    getComputation,                    // ReaderIOResult[Reader[Config, int]]
+    SequenceReader[Config, int],       // func(Config) ReaderIOResult[int]
+    applyConfig(cfg),                  // ReaderIOResult[int]
+)
+
+// Or with partial application:
+var withConfig = F.Pipe1(
+    getComputation(),
+    SequenceReader[Config, int],
+)
+
+result := withConfig(cfg)(ctx)()
+```
+
+### 4. Reusable Computations
+
+Create specialized versions of generic computations:
+
+```go
+// Generic computation
+makeServiceInfo := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, func(ServiceConfig) string] {
+    // ... implementation
+}
+
+sequenced := SequenceReader[ServiceConfig, string](makeServiceInfo)
+
+// Create specialized versions
+authService := sequenced(ServiceConfig{Name: "Auth", Version: "1.0"})
+userService := sequenced(ServiceConfig{Name: "User", Version: "2.0"})
+
+// Reuse across contexts
+authInfo := authService(ctx)()
+userInfo := userService(ctx)()
+```
+
+## TraverseReader: Introducing Dependencies
+
+While `SequenceReader` flips the parameter order of an existing nested structure, `TraverseReader` allows you to **introduce** a new Reader dependency into an existing computation.
+
+### Function Signature
+
+```go
+func TraverseReader[R, A, B any](
+    f reader.Kleisli[R, A, B],
+) func(ReaderIOResult[A]) Kleisli[R, B]
+```
+
+**Type transformation:**
+```
+Input:  ReaderIOResult[A] = func(context.Context) func() Either[error, A]
+With:   reader.Kleisli[R, A, B] = func(A) func(R) B
+Output: Kleisli[R, B] = func(R) func(context.Context) func() Either[error, B]
+```
+
+### What It Does
+
+`TraverseReader` takes:
+1. A Reader-based transformation `f: func(A) func(R) B` that depends on environment `R`
+2. Returns a function that transforms `ReaderIOResult[A]` into `Kleisli[R, B]`
+
+This allows you to:
+- Add environment dependencies to computations that don't have them yet
+- Transform values within a ReaderIOResult using environment-dependent logic
+- Build composable pipelines where transformations depend on configuration
+
+### Key Difference from SequenceReader
+
+- **SequenceReader**: Works with computations that **already contain** a Reader (`ReaderIOResult[Reader[R, A]]`)
+  - Flips the order so `R` comes first
+  - No transformation of the value itself
+
+- **TraverseReader**: Works with computations that **don't have** a Reader yet (`ReaderIOResult[A]`)
+  - Introduces a new Reader dependency via a transformation function
+  - Transforms `A` to `B` using environment `R`
+
+### Example: Adding Configuration to a Computation
+
+```go
+type Config struct {
+    Multiplier int
+    Prefix     string
+}
+
+// Original computation that just produces an int
+getValue := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, int] {
+    return func() Either[error, int] {
+        return Right[error](10)
+    }
+}
+
+// A Reader-based transformation that depends on Config
+formatWithConfig := func(n int) func(Config) string {
+    return func(cfg Config) string {
+        result := n * cfg.Multiplier
+        return fmt.Sprintf("%s: %d", cfg.Prefix, result)
+    }
+}
+
+// Use TraverseReader to introduce Config dependency
+traversed := TraverseReader[Config, int, string](formatWithConfig)
+withConfig := traversed(getValue)
+
+// Now we can provide Config to get the final result
+cfg := Config{Multiplier: 5, Prefix: "Result"}
+ctx := context.Background()
+result := withConfig(cfg)(ctx)() // Returns Right("Result: 50")
+```
+
+### Point-Free Composition with TraverseReader
+
+```go
+// Build a pipeline that introduces dependencies at each stage
+var pipeline = F.Flow4(
+    loadValue,                              // ReaderIOResult[int]
+    TraverseReader(multiplyByConfig),       // Kleisli[Config, int]
+    applyConfig(cfg),                       // ReaderIOResult[int]
+    Chain(TraverseReader(formatWithStyle)), // Introduce another dependency
+)
+```
+
+### When to Use TraverseReader vs SequenceReader
+
+**Use SequenceReader when:**
+- Your computation already returns a Reader: `ReaderIOResult[Reader[R, A]]`
+- You just want to flip the parameter order
+- No transformation of the value is needed
+
+```go
+// Already have Reader[Config, int]
+computation := getComputation() // ReaderIOResult[Reader[Config, int]]
+sequenced := SequenceReader[Config, int](computation)
+result := sequenced(cfg)(ctx)()
+```
+
+**Use TraverseReader when:**
+- Your computation doesn't have a Reader yet: `ReaderIOResult[A]`
+- You want to transform the value using environment-dependent logic
+- You're introducing a new dependency into the pipeline
+
+```go
+// Have ReaderIOResult[int], want to add Config dependency
+computation := getValue() // ReaderIOResult[int]
+traversed := TraverseReader[Config, int, string](formatWithConfig)
+withDep := traversed(computation)
+result := withDep(cfg)(ctx)()
+```
+
+### Practical Example: Multi-Stage Processing
+
+```go
+type DatabaseConfig struct {
+    ConnectionString string
+    Timeout          time.Duration
+}
+
+type FormattingConfig struct {
+    DateFormat string
+    Timezone   string
+}
+
+// Stage 1: Load raw data (no dependencies yet)
+loadData := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, RawData] {
+    // ... implementation
+}
+
+// Stage 2: Process with database config
+processWithDB := func(raw RawData) func(DatabaseConfig) ProcessedData {
+    return func(cfg DatabaseConfig) ProcessedData {
+        // Use cfg.ConnectionString, cfg.Timeout
+        return ProcessedData{/* ... */}
+    }
+}
+
+// Stage 3: Format with formatting config
+formatData := func(processed ProcessedData) func(FormattingConfig) string {
+    return func(cfg FormattingConfig) string {
+        // Use cfg.DateFormat, cfg.Timezone
+        return "formatted result"
+    }
+}
+
+// Build pipeline introducing dependencies at each stage
+var pipeline = F.Flow3(
+    loadData,
+    TraverseReader[DatabaseConfig, RawData, ProcessedData](processWithDB),
+    // Now we have Kleisli[DatabaseConfig, ProcessedData]
+    applyConfig(dbConfig),
+    // Now we have ReaderIOResult[ProcessedData]
+    TraverseReader[FormattingConfig, ProcessedData, string](formatData),
+    // Now we have Kleisli[FormattingConfig, string]
+)
+
+// Execute with both configs
+result := pipeline(fmtConfig)(ctx)()
+```
+
+### Combining TraverseReader and SequenceReader
+
+You can combine both functions in complex pipelines:
+
+```go
+// Start with nested Reader
+computation := getComputation() // ReaderIOResult[Reader[Config, User]]
+
+var pipeline = F.Flow4(
+    computation,
+    SequenceReader[Config, User],           // Flip to get Kleisli[Config, User]
+    applyConfig(cfg),                       // Apply config, get ReaderIOResult[User]
+    TraverseReader(enrichWithDatabase),     // Add database dependency
+    // Now have Kleisli[Database, EnrichedUser]
+)
+
+result := pipeline(db)(ctx)()
+```
+
+## Practical Benefits
+
+### 1. **Improved Testability**
+
+Inject test dependencies easily:
+
+```go
+// Production
+prodDB := Database{ConnectionString: "prod:5432"}
+prodQuery := queryWithDB(prodDB)
+
+// Testing
+testDB := Database{ConnectionString: "test:5432"}
+testQuery := queryWithDB(testDB)
+
+// Same computation, different dependencies
+```
+
+### 2. **Better Separation of Concerns**
+
+Separate configuration from execution:
+
+```go
+// Configuration phase (pure, no effects)
+cfg := loadConfig()
+computation := sequenced(cfg)
+
+// Execution phase (with effects)
+result := computation(ctx)()
+```
+
+### 3. **Enhanced Composability**
+
+Build complex pipelines from simple pieces:
+
+```go
+var processUser = F.Flow4(
+    loadUserConfig,           // ReaderIOResult[Reader[Database, User]]
+    SequenceReader,           // func(Database) ReaderIOResult[User]
+    applyDatabase(db),        // ReaderIOResult[User]
+    Chain(validateUser),      // ReaderIOResult[ValidatedUser]
+)
+```
+
+### 4. **Reduced Boilerplate**
+
+No need to manually thread parameters:
+
+```go
+// Without Sequence - manual threading
+func processWithConfig(cfg Config) ReaderIOResult[Result] {
+    return func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, Result] {
+        return func() Either[error, Result] {
+            comp := getComputation()(ctx)()
+            if reader, err := either.Unwrap(comp); err == nil {
+                value := reader(cfg)
+                // ... more processing
+            }
+            // ... error handling
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// With Sequence - point-free
+var processWithConfig = F.Flow2(
+    getComputation,
+    SequenceReader[Config, Result],
+)
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Example 1: Database Query with Configuration
+
+```go
+type QueryConfig struct {
+    Timeout  time.Duration
+    MaxRows  int
+}
+
+type Database struct {
+    ConnectionString string
+}
+
+// Without Sequence
+func executeQueryOld(cfg QueryConfig, db Database) ReaderIOResult[[]Row] {
+    return func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, []Row] {
+        return func() Either[error, []Row] {
+            // Must manually handle all parameters
+            // ...
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// With Sequence
+func makeQuery(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, func(Database) []Row] {
+    return func() Either[error, func(Database) []Row] {
+        return Right[error](func(db Database) []Row {
+            // Implementation
+            return []Row{}
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+var executeQuery = F.Flow2(
+    makeQuery,
+    SequenceReader[Database, []Row],
+)
+
+// Usage
+db := Database{ConnectionString: "localhost:5432"}
+query := executeQuery(db)
+result := query(ctx)()
+```
+
+### Example 2: Multi-Service Architecture
+
+```go
+type ServiceRegistry struct {
+    AuthService  AuthService
+    UserService  UserService
+    EmailService EmailService
+}
+
+// Create computations that depend on services
+makeAuthCheck := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, func(ServiceRegistry) bool] {
+    // ... implementation
+}
+
+makeSendEmail := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, func(ServiceRegistry) error] {
+    // ... implementation
+}
+
+// Sequence them
+authCheck := SequenceReader[ServiceRegistry, bool](makeAuthCheck)
+sendEmail := SequenceReader[ServiceRegistry, error](makeSendEmail)
+
+// Inject services once
+registry := ServiceRegistry{ /* ... */ }
+checkAuth := authCheck(registry)
+sendMail := sendEmail(registry)
+
+// Use with different contexts
+if isAuth, _ := either.Unwrap(checkAuth(ctx1)()); isAuth {
+    sendMail(ctx2)()
+}
+```
+
+### Example 3: Configuration-Driven Pipeline
+
+```go
+type PipelineConfig struct {
+    Stage1Config Stage1Config
+    Stage2Config Stage2Config
+    Stage3Config Stage3Config
+}
+
+// Define stages
+stage1 := SequenceReader[Stage1Config, IntermediateResult1](makeStage1)
+stage2 := SequenceReader[Stage2Config, IntermediateResult2](makeStage2)
+stage3 := SequenceReader[Stage3Config, FinalResult](makeStage3)
+
+// Build pipeline with configuration
+func buildPipeline(cfg PipelineConfig) ReaderIOResult[FinalResult] {
+    return F.Pipe3(
+        stage1(cfg.Stage1Config),
+        Chain(func(r1 IntermediateResult1) ReaderIOResult[IntermediateResult2] {
+            return stage2(cfg.Stage2Config)
+        }),
+        Chain(func(r2 IntermediateResult2) ReaderIOResult[FinalResult] {
+            return stage3(cfg.Stage3Config)
+        }),
+    )
+}
+
+// Execute pipeline
+cfg := loadPipelineConfig()
+pipeline := buildPipeline(cfg)
+result := pipeline(ctx)()
+```
+
+## Comparison: With and Without Sequence
+
+### Without Sequence (Imperative Style)
+
+```go
+func processUser(userID string) ReaderIOResult[ProcessedUser] {
+    return func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, ProcessedUser] {
+        return func() Either[error, ProcessedUser] {
+            // Get database
+            dbComp := getDatabase()(ctx)()
+            if dbReader, err := either.Unwrap(dbComp); err != nil {
+                return Left[ProcessedUser](err)
+            }
+            db := dbReader(dbConfig)
+            
+            // Get user
+            userComp := getUser(userID)(ctx)()
+            if userReader, err := either.Unwrap(userComp); err != nil {
+                return Left[ProcessedUser](err)
+            }
+            user := userReader(db)
+            
+            // Process user
+            processComp := processUserData(user)(ctx)()
+            if processReader, err := either.Unwrap(processComp); err != nil {
+                return Left[ProcessedUser](err)
+            }
+            result := processReader(processingConfig)
+            
+            return Right[error](result)
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### With Sequence (Point-Free Style)
+
+```go
+var processUser = func(userID string) ReaderIOResult[ProcessedUser] {
+    return F.Pipe3(
+        getDatabase,
+        SequenceReader[DatabaseConfig, Database],
+        applyConfig(dbConfig),
+        Chain(func(db Database) ReaderIOResult[User] {
+            return F.Pipe2(
+                getUser(userID),
+                SequenceReader[Database, User],
+                applyDB(db),
+            )
+        }),
+        Chain(func(user User) ReaderIOResult[ProcessedUser] {
+            return F.Pipe2(
+                processUserData(user),
+                SequenceReader[ProcessingConfig, ProcessedUser],
+                applyConfig(processingConfig),
+            )
+        }),
+    )
+}
+```
+
+## Key Takeaways
+
+1. **Sequence functions flip parameter order** to enable partial application
+2. **Dependencies come first**, making them easy to inject and test
+3. **Point-free style** becomes natural and readable
+4. **Composition** is enhanced through proper parameter ordering
+5. **Reusability** increases as computations can be specialized early
+6. **Testability** improves through easy dependency injection
+7. **Separation of concerns** is clearer (configuration vs. execution)
+
+## When to Use Sequence
+
+Use `Sequence*` functions when:
+
+- ✅ You want to partially apply environment/configuration parameters
+- ✅ You're building reusable computations with injected dependencies
+- ✅ You need to test with different dependency implementations
+- ✅ You're composing complex pipelines in point-free style
+- ✅ You want to separate configuration from execution
+- ✅ You're working with nested Reader-like structures
+
+Don't use `Sequence*` when:
+
+- ❌ The original parameter order is already optimal
+- ❌ You're not doing any composition or partial application
+- ❌ The added abstraction doesn't provide value
+- ❌ The code is simpler without it
+
+## Conclusion
+
+The `Sequence*` functions are powerful tools for enabling point-free style programming in Go. By flipping the parameter order of nested monadic structures, they make it easy to:
+
+- Partially apply dependencies
+- Build composable pipelines
+- Improve testability
+- Write more declarative code
+
+While they add a layer of abstraction, the benefits in terms of code reusability, testability, and composability make them invaluable for functional programming in Go.

v2/context/readerioresult/bind.go

@@ -18,14 +18,13 @@ package readerioresult
 import (
 	"context"
 
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/readerio"
 	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/apply"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/io"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ioeither"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ioresult"
-	L "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
-	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerio"
 	RIOR "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerioresult"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
 )
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ func Bind[S1, S2, T any](
 	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
 	f Kleisli[S1, T],
 ) Operator[S1, S2] {
-	return RIOR.Bind(setter, f)
+	return RIOR.Bind(setter, WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 // Let attaches the result of a computation to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2]
@@ -128,6 +127,13 @@ func BindTo[S1, T any](
 	return RIOR.BindTo[context.Context](setter)
 }
 
+//go:inline
+func BindToP[S1, T any](
+	setter Prism[S1, T],
+) Operator[T, S1] {
+	return BindTo(setter.ReverseGet)
+}
+
 // ApS attaches a value to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2] by considering
 // the context and the value concurrently (using Applicative rather than Monad).
 // This allows independent computations to be combined without one depending on the result of the other.
@@ -214,7 +220,7 @@ func ApS[S1, S2, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func ApSL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	fa ReaderIOResult[T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return ApS(lens.Set, fa)
@@ -253,10 +259,10 @@ func ApSL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func BindL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	f Kleisli[T, T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
-	return RIOR.BindL(lens, f)
+	return RIOR.BindL(lens, WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 // LetL is a variant of Let that uses a lens to focus on a specific part of the context.
@@ -289,8 +295,8 @@ func BindL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func LetL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
-	f func(T) T,
+	lens Lens[S, T],
+	f Endomorphism[T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return RIOR.LetL[context.Context](lens, f)
 }
@@ -322,7 +328,7 @@ func LetL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func LetToL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	b T,
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return RIOR.LetToL[context.Context](lens, b)
@@ -398,7 +404,7 @@ func BindReaderK[S1, S2, T any](
 //go:inline
 func BindReaderIOK[S1, S2, T any](
 	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
-	f readerio.Kleisli[context.Context, S1, T],
+	f readerio.Kleisli[S1, T],
 ) Operator[S1, S2] {
 	return Bind(setter, F.Flow2(f, FromReaderIO[T]))
 }
@@ -443,7 +449,7 @@ func BindResultK[S1, S2, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func BindIOEitherKL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	f ioresult.Kleisli[T, T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return BindL(lens, F.Flow2(f, FromIOEither[T]))
@@ -458,7 +464,7 @@ func BindIOEitherKL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func BindIOResultKL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	f ioresult.Kleisli[T, T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return BindL(lens, F.Flow2(f, FromIOEither[T]))
@@ -474,7 +480,7 @@ func BindIOResultKL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func BindIOKL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	f io.Kleisli[T, T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return BindL(lens, F.Flow2(f, FromIO[T]))
@@ -490,7 +496,7 @@ func BindIOKL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func BindReaderKL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	f reader.Kleisli[context.Context, T, T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return BindL(lens, F.Flow2(f, FromReader[T]))
@@ -506,8 +512,8 @@ func BindReaderKL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func BindReaderIOKL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
-	f readerio.Kleisli[context.Context, T, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
+	f readerio.Kleisli[T, T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return BindL(lens, F.Flow2(f, FromReaderIO[T]))
 }
@@ -627,7 +633,7 @@ func ApResultS[S1, S2, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func ApIOEitherSL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	fa IOResult[T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return F.Bind2nd(F.Flow2[ReaderIOResult[S], ioresult.Operator[S, S]], ioresult.ApSL(lens, fa))
@@ -642,7 +648,7 @@ func ApIOEitherSL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func ApIOResultSL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	fa IOResult[T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return F.Bind2nd(F.Flow2[ReaderIOResult[S], ioresult.Operator[S, S]], ioresult.ApSL(lens, fa))
@@ -657,7 +663,7 @@ func ApIOResultSL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func ApIOSL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	fa IO[T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return ApSL(lens, FromIO(fa))
@@ -672,7 +678,7 @@ func ApIOSL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func ApReaderSL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	fa Reader[context.Context, T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return ApSL(lens, FromReader(fa))
@@ -687,7 +693,7 @@ func ApReaderSL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func ApReaderIOSL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	fa ReaderIO[T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return ApSL(lens, FromReaderIO(fa))
@@ -702,7 +708,7 @@ func ApReaderIOSL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func ApEitherSL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	fa Result[T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return ApSL(lens, FromEither(fa))
@@ -717,7 +723,7 @@ func ApEitherSL[S, T any](
 //
 //go:inline
 func ApResultSL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	fa Result[T],
 ) Operator[S, S] {
 	return ApSL(lens, FromResult(fa))

v2/context/readerioresult/bind_test.go

@@ -203,9 +203,7 @@ func TestApS_EmptyState(t *testing.T) {
 	result := res(t.Context())()
 	assert.True(t, E.IsRight(result))
 	emptyOpt := E.ToOption(result)
-	assert.True(t, O.IsSome(emptyOpt))
-	empty, _ := O.Unwrap(emptyOpt)
-	assert.Equal(t, Empty{}, empty)
+	assert.Equal(t, O.Of(Empty{}), emptyOpt)
 }
 
 func TestApS_ChainedWithBind(t *testing.T) {

v2/context/readerioresult/bracket.go

@@ -16,11 +16,14 @@
 package readerioresult
 
 import (
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 	RIOR "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerioresult"
 )
 
 // Bracket makes sure that a resource is cleaned up in the event of an error. The release action is called regardless of
 // whether the body action returns and error or not.
+//
+//go:inline
 func Bracket[
 	A, B, ANY any](
 
@@ -28,5 +31,5 @@ func Bracket[
 	use Kleisli[A, B],
 	release func(A, Either[B]) ReaderIOResult[ANY],
 ) ReaderIOResult[B] {
-	return RIOR.Bracket(acquire, use, release)
+	return RIOR.Bracket(acquire, F.Flow2(use, WithContext), release)
 }

v2/context/readerioresult/cancel.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 
 	CIOE "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/ioresult"
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ioeither"
 )
 
@@ -34,9 +35,17 @@ import (
 // Returns a ReaderIOResult that checks for cancellation before executing.
 func WithContext[A any](ma ReaderIOResult[A]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[A] {
-		if err := context.Cause(ctx); err != nil {
-			return ioeither.Left[A](err)
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return ioeither.Left[A](context.Cause(ctx))
 		}
 		return CIOE.WithContext(ctx, ma(ctx))
 	}
 }
+
+//go:inline
+func WithContextK[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Kleisli[A, B] {
+	return F.Flow2(
+		f,
+		WithContext,
+	)
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/consumer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package readerioresult
+
+import "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/io"
+
+//go:inline
+func ChainConsumer[A any](c Consumer[A]) Operator[A, struct{}] {
+	return ChainIOK(io.FromConsumerK(c))
+}
+
+//go:inline
+func ChainFirstConsumer[A any](c Consumer[A]) Operator[A, A] {
+	return ChainFirstIOK(io.FromConsumerK(c))
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/flip.go

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerioresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	RIO "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerio"
+	RIOR "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerioresult"
+	RR "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult"
+)
+
+// SequenceReader transforms a ReaderIOResult containing a Reader into a function that
+// takes the Reader's environment first, then returns a ReaderIOResult.
+//
+// This function "flips" or "sequences" the nested structure, changing the order in which
+// parameters are applied. It's particularly useful for point-free style programming where
+// you want to partially apply the inner Reader's environment before dealing with the
+// outer context.
+//
+// Type transformation:
+//
+//	From: ReaderIOResult[Reader[R, A]]
+//	      = func(context.Context) func() Either[error, func(R) A]
+//
+//	To:   func(context.Context) func(R) IOResult[A]
+//	      = func(context.Context) func(R) func() Either[error, A]
+//
+// This allows you to:
+//  1. Provide the context.Context first
+//  2. Then provide the Reader's environment R
+//  3. Finally execute the IO effect to get Either[error, A]
+//
+// Point-free style benefits:
+//   - Enables partial application of the Reader environment
+//   - Facilitates composition of Reader-based computations
+//   - Allows building reusable computation pipelines
+//   - Supports dependency injection patterns where R represents dependencies
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type Config struct {
+//	    Timeout int
+//	}
+//
+//	// A computation that produces a Reader based on context
+//	func getMultiplier(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, func(Config) int] {
+//	    return func() Either[error, func(Config) int] {
+//	        return Right[error](func(cfg Config) int {
+//	            return cfg.Timeout * 2
+//	        })
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	// Sequence it to apply Config first
+//	sequenced := SequenceReader[Config, int](getMultiplier)
+//
+//	// Now we can partially apply the Config
+//	cfg := Config{Timeout: 30}
+//	ctx := context.Background()
+//	result := sequenced(ctx)(cfg)() // Returns Right(60)
+//
+// This is especially useful in point-free style when building computation pipelines:
+//
+//	var pipeline = F.Flow3(
+//	    loadConfig,           // ReaderIOResult[Reader[Database, Config]]
+//	    SequenceReader,       // func(context.Context) func(Database) IOResult[Config]
+//	    applyToDatabase(db),  // IOResult[Config]
+//	)
+//
+//go:inline
+func SequenceReader[R, A any](ma ReaderIOResult[Reader[R, A]]) Kleisli[R, A] {
+	return RIOR.SequenceReader(ma)
+}
+
+// SequenceReaderIO transforms a ReaderIOResult containing a ReaderIO into a function that
+// takes the ReaderIO's environment first, then returns a ReaderIOResult.
+//
+// This is similar to SequenceReader but works with ReaderIO, which represents a computation
+// that depends on an environment R and performs IO effects.
+//
+// Type transformation:
+//
+//	From: ReaderIOResult[ReaderIO[R, A]]
+//	      = func(context.Context) func() Either[error, func(R) func() A]
+//
+//	To:   func(context.Context) func(R) IOResult[A]
+//	      = func(context.Context) func(R) func() Either[error, A]
+//
+// The key difference from SequenceReader is that the inner computation (ReaderIO) already
+// performs IO effects, so the sequencing combines these effects properly.
+//
+// Point-free style benefits:
+//   - Enables composition of ReaderIO-based computations
+//   - Allows partial application of environment before IO execution
+//   - Facilitates building effect pipelines with dependency injection
+//   - Supports layered architecture where R represents service dependencies
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type Database struct {
+//	    ConnectionString string
+//	}
+//
+//	// A computation that produces a ReaderIO based on context
+//	func getQuery(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, func(Database) func() string] {
+//	    return func() Either[error, func(Database) func() string] {
+//	        return Right[error](func(db Database) func() string {
+//	            return func() string {
+//	                // Perform actual IO here
+//	                return "Query result from " + db.ConnectionString
+//	            }
+//	        })
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	// Sequence it to apply Database first
+//	sequenced := SequenceReaderIO[Database, string](getQuery)
+//
+//	// Partially apply the Database
+//	db := Database{ConnectionString: "localhost:5432"}
+//	ctx := context.Background()
+//	result := sequenced(ctx)(db)() // Executes IO and returns Right("Query result...")
+//
+// In point-free style, this enables clean composition:
+//
+//	var executeQuery = F.Flow3(
+//	    prepareQuery,         // ReaderIOResult[ReaderIO[Database, QueryResult]]
+//	    SequenceReaderIO,     // func(context.Context) func(Database) IOResult[QueryResult]
+//	    withDatabase(db),     // IOResult[QueryResult]
+//	)
+//
+//go:inline
+func SequenceReaderIO[R, A any](ma ReaderIOResult[RIO.ReaderIO[R, A]]) Kleisli[R, A] {
+	return RIOR.SequenceReaderIO(ma)
+}
+
+// SequenceReaderResult transforms a ReaderIOResult containing a ReaderResult into a function
+// that takes the ReaderResult's environment first, then returns a ReaderIOResult.
+//
+// This is similar to SequenceReader but works with ReaderResult, which represents a computation
+// that depends on an environment R and can fail with an error.
+//
+// Type transformation:
+//
+//	From: ReaderIOResult[ReaderResult[R, A]]
+//	      = func(context.Context) func() Either[error, func(R) Either[error, A]]
+//
+//	To:   func(context.Context) func(R) IOResult[A]
+//	      = func(context.Context) func(R) func() Either[error, A]
+//
+// The sequencing properly combines the error handling from both the outer ReaderIOResult
+// and the inner ReaderResult, ensuring that errors from either level are propagated correctly.
+//
+// Point-free style benefits:
+//   - Enables composition of error-handling computations with dependency injection
+//   - Allows partial application of dependencies before error handling
+//   - Facilitates building validation pipelines with environment dependencies
+//   - Supports service-oriented architectures with proper error propagation
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type Config struct {
+//	    MaxRetries int
+//	}
+//
+//	// A computation that produces a ReaderResult based on context
+//	func validateRetries(ctx context.Context) func() Either[error, func(Config) Either[error, int]] {
+//	    return func() Either[error, func(Config) Either[error, int]] {
+//	        return Right[error](func(cfg Config) Either[error, int] {
+//	            if cfg.MaxRetries < 0 {
+//	                return Left[int](errors.New("negative retries"))
+//	            }
+//	            return Right[error](cfg.MaxRetries)
+//	        })
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	// Sequence it to apply Config first
+//	sequenced := SequenceReaderResult[Config, int](validateRetries)
+//
+//	// Partially apply the Config
+//	cfg := Config{MaxRetries: 3}
+//	ctx := context.Background()
+//	result := sequenced(ctx)(cfg)() // Returns Right(3)
+//
+//	// With invalid config
+//	badCfg := Config{MaxRetries: -1}
+//	badResult := sequenced(ctx)(badCfg)() // Returns Left(error("negative retries"))
+//
+// In point-free style, this enables validation pipelines:
+//
+//	var validateAndProcess = F.Flow4(
+//	    loadConfig,              // ReaderIOResult[ReaderResult[Config, Settings]]
+//	    SequenceReaderResult,    // func(context.Context) func(Config) IOResult[Settings]
+//	    applyConfig(cfg),        // IOResult[Settings]
+//	    Chain(processSettings),  // IOResult[Result]
+//	)
+//
+//go:inline
+func SequenceReaderResult[R, A any](ma ReaderIOResult[RR.ReaderResult[R, A]]) Kleisli[R, A] {
+	return RIOR.SequenceReaderEither(ma)
+}
+
+// TraverseReader transforms a ReaderIOResult computation by applying a Reader-based function,
+// effectively introducing a new environment dependency.
+//
+// This function takes a Reader-based transformation (Kleisli arrow) and returns a function that
+// can transform a ReaderIOResult. The result allows you to provide the Reader's environment (R)
+// first, which then produces a ReaderIOResult that depends on the context.
+//
+// Type transformation:
+//
+//	From: ReaderIOResult[A]
+//	      = func(context.Context) func() Either[error, A]
+//
+//	With: reader.Kleisli[R, A, B]
+//	      = func(A) func(R) B
+//
+//	To:   func(ReaderIOResult[A]) func(R) ReaderIOResult[B]
+//	      = func(ReaderIOResult[A]) func(R) func(context.Context) func() Either[error, B]
+//
+// This enables:
+//  1. Transforming values within a ReaderIOResult using environment-dependent logic
+//  2. Introducing new environment dependencies into existing computations
+//  3. Building composable pipelines where transformations depend on configuration or dependencies
+//  4. Point-free style composition with Reader-based transformations
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - R: The environment type that the Reader depends on
+//   - A: The input value type
+//   - B: The output value type
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: A Reader-based Kleisli arrow that transforms A to B using environment R
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A function that takes a ReaderIOResult[A] and returns a Kleisli[R, B],
+//     which is func(R) ReaderIOResult[B]
+//
+// The function preserves error handling and IO effects while adding the Reader environment dependency.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type Config struct {
+//	    Multiplier int
+//	}
+//
+//	// A Reader-based transformation that depends on Config
+//	multiply := func(x int) func(Config) int {
+//	    return func(cfg Config) int {
+//	        return x * cfg.Multiplier
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	// Original computation that produces an int
+//	computation := Right[int](10)
+//
+//	// Apply TraverseReader to introduce Config dependency
+//	traversed := TraverseReader[Config, int, int](multiply)
+//	result := traversed(computation)
+//
+//	// Now we can provide the Config to get the final result
+//	cfg := Config{Multiplier: 5}
+//	ctx := context.Background()
+//	finalResult := result(cfg)(ctx)() // Returns Right(50)
+//
+// In point-free style, this enables clean composition:
+//
+//	var pipeline = F.Flow3(
+//	    loadValue,                    // ReaderIOResult[int]
+//	    TraverseReader(multiplyByConfig), // func(Config) ReaderIOResult[int]
+//	    applyConfig(cfg),             // ReaderIOResult[int]
+//	)
+//
+//go:inline
+func TraverseReader[R, A, B any](
+	f reader.Kleisli[R, A, B],
+) func(ReaderIOResult[A]) Kleisli[R, B] {
+	return RIOR.TraverseReader[context.Context](f)
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/flip_example_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerioresult_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	RIOE "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/readerioresult"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+)
+
+// Example_sequenceReader_basicUsage demonstrates the basic usage of SequenceReader
+// to flip the parameter order, enabling point-free style programming.
+func Example_sequenceReader_basicUsage() {
+	type Config struct {
+		Multiplier int
+	}
+
+	// A computation that produces a Reader based on context
+	getComputation := func(ctx context.Context) func() either.Either[error, func(Config) int] {
+		return func() either.Either[error, func(Config) int] {
+			// This could check context for cancellation, deadlines, etc.
+			return either.Right[error](func(cfg Config) int {
+				return cfg.Multiplier * 10
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Sequence it to flip the parameter order
+	// Now Config comes first, then context
+	sequenced := RIOE.SequenceReader(getComputation)
+
+	// Partially apply the Config - this is the key benefit for point-free style
+	cfg := Config{Multiplier: 5}
+	withConfig := sequenced(cfg)
+
+	// Now we have a ReaderIOResult[int] that can be used with any context
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	result := withConfig(ctx)()
+
+	if value, err := either.Unwrap(result); err == nil {
+		fmt.Println(value)
+	}
+	// Output: 50
+}
+
+// Example_sequenceReader_dependencyInjection demonstrates how SequenceReader
+// enables clean dependency injection patterns in point-free style.
+func Example_sequenceReader_dependencyInjection() {
+	// Define our dependencies
+	type Database struct {
+		ConnectionString string
+	}
+
+	type UserService struct {
+		db Database
+	}
+
+	// A function that creates a computation requiring a Database
+	makeQuery := func(ctx context.Context) func() either.Either[error, func(Database) string] {
+		return func() either.Either[error, func(Database) string] {
+			return either.Right[error](func(db Database) string {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("Querying %s", db.ConnectionString)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Sequence to enable dependency injection
+	queryWithDB := RIOE.SequenceReader(makeQuery)
+
+	// Inject the database dependency
+	db := Database{ConnectionString: "localhost:5432"}
+	query := queryWithDB(db)
+
+	// Execute with context
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	result := query(ctx)()
+
+	if value, err := either.Unwrap(result); err == nil {
+		fmt.Println(value)
+	}
+	// Output: Querying localhost:5432
+}
+
+// Example_sequenceReader_pointFreeComposition demonstrates how SequenceReader
+// enables point-free style composition of computations.
+func Example_sequenceReader_pointFreeComposition() {
+	type Config struct {
+		BaseValue int
+	}
+
+	// Step 1: Create a computation that produces a Reader
+	step1 := func(ctx context.Context) func() either.Either[error, func(Config) int] {
+		return func() either.Either[error, func(Config) int] {
+			return either.Right[error](func(cfg Config) int {
+				return cfg.BaseValue * 2
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Step 2: Sequence it to enable partial application
+	sequenced := RIOE.SequenceReader(step1)
+
+	// Step 3: Build a pipeline using point-free style
+	// Partially apply the config
+	cfg := Config{BaseValue: 10}
+
+	// Create a reusable computation with the config baked in
+	computation := F.Pipe1(
+		sequenced(cfg),
+		RIOE.Map(func(x int) int { return x + 5 }),
+	)
+
+	// Execute the pipeline
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	result := computation(ctx)()
+
+	if value, err := either.Unwrap(result); err == nil {
+		fmt.Println(value)
+	}
+	// Output: 25
+}
+
+// Example_sequenceReader_multipleEnvironments demonstrates using SequenceReader
+// to work with multiple environment types in a clean, composable way.
+func Example_sequenceReader_multipleEnvironments() {
+	type DatabaseConfig struct {
+		Host string
+		Port int
+	}
+
+	type APIConfig struct {
+		Endpoint string
+		APIKey   string
+	}
+
+	// Function that needs DatabaseConfig
+	getDatabaseURL := func(ctx context.Context) func() either.Either[error, func(DatabaseConfig) string] {
+		return func() either.Either[error, func(DatabaseConfig) string] {
+			return either.Right[error](func(cfg DatabaseConfig) string {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", cfg.Host, cfg.Port)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Function that needs APIConfig
+	getAPIURL := func(ctx context.Context) func() either.Either[error, func(APIConfig) string] {
+		return func() either.Either[error, func(APIConfig) string] {
+			return either.Right[error](func(cfg APIConfig) string {
+				return cfg.Endpoint
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Sequence both to enable partial application
+	withDBConfig := RIOE.SequenceReader(getDatabaseURL)
+	withAPIConfig := RIOE.SequenceReader(getAPIURL)
+
+	// Partially apply different configs
+	dbCfg := DatabaseConfig{Host: "localhost", Port: 5432}
+	apiCfg := APIConfig{Endpoint: "https://api.example.com", APIKey: "secret"}
+
+	dbQuery := withDBConfig(dbCfg)
+	apiQuery := withAPIConfig(apiCfg)
+
+	// Execute both with the same context
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	dbResult := dbQuery(ctx)()
+	apiResult := apiQuery(ctx)()
+
+	if dbURL, err := either.Unwrap(dbResult); err == nil {
+		fmt.Println("Database:", dbURL)
+	}
+	if apiURL, err := either.Unwrap(apiResult); err == nil {
+		fmt.Println("API:", apiURL)
+	}
+	// Output:
+	// Database: localhost:5432
+	// API: https://api.example.com
+}
+
+// Example_sequenceReaderResult_errorHandling demonstrates how SequenceReaderResult
+// enables point-free style with proper error handling at multiple levels.
+func Example_sequenceReaderResult_errorHandling() {
+	type ValidationConfig struct {
+		MinValue int
+		MaxValue int
+	}
+
+	// A computation that can fail at both outer and inner levels
+	makeValidator := func(ctx context.Context) func() either.Either[error, func(context.Context) either.Either[error, int]] {
+		return func() either.Either[error, func(context.Context) either.Either[error, int]] {
+			// Outer level: check context
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return either.Left[func(context.Context) either.Either[error, int]](ctx.Err())
+			}
+
+			// Return inner computation
+			return either.Right[error](func(innerCtx context.Context) either.Either[error, int] {
+				// Inner level: perform validation
+				value := 42
+				if value < 0 {
+					return either.Left[int](fmt.Errorf("value too small: %d", value))
+				}
+				if value > 100 {
+					return either.Left[int](fmt.Errorf("value too large: %d", value))
+				}
+				return either.Right[error](value)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Sequence to enable point-free composition
+	sequenced := RIOE.SequenceReaderResult(makeValidator)
+
+	// Build a pipeline with error handling
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pipeline := F.Pipe2(
+		sequenced(ctx),
+		RIOE.Map(func(x int) int { return x * 2 }),
+		RIOE.Chain(func(x int) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[string] {
+			return RIOE.Of(fmt.Sprintf("Result: %d", x))
+		}),
+	)
+
+	result := pipeline(ctx)()
+
+	if value, err := either.Unwrap(result); err == nil {
+		fmt.Println(value)
+	}
+	// Output: Result: 84
+}
+
+// Example_sequenceReader_partialApplication demonstrates the power of partial
+// application enabled by SequenceReader for building reusable computations.
+func Example_sequenceReader_partialApplication() {
+	type ServiceConfig struct {
+		ServiceName string
+		Version     string
+	}
+
+	// Create a computation factory
+	makeServiceInfo := func(ctx context.Context) func() either.Either[error, func(ServiceConfig) string] {
+		return func() either.Either[error, func(ServiceConfig) string] {
+			return either.Right[error](func(cfg ServiceConfig) string {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%s v%s", cfg.ServiceName, cfg.Version)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Sequence it
+	sequenced := RIOE.SequenceReader(makeServiceInfo)
+
+	// Create multiple service configurations
+	authConfig := ServiceConfig{ServiceName: "AuthService", Version: "1.0.0"}
+	userConfig := ServiceConfig{ServiceName: "UserService", Version: "2.1.0"}
+
+	// Partially apply each config to create specialized computations
+	getAuthInfo := sequenced(authConfig)
+	getUserInfo := sequenced(userConfig)
+
+	// These can now be reused across different contexts
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	authResult := getAuthInfo(ctx)()
+	userResult := getUserInfo(ctx)()
+
+	if auth, err := either.Unwrap(authResult); err == nil {
+		fmt.Println(auth)
+	}
+	if user, err := either.Unwrap(userResult); err == nil {
+		fmt.Println(user)
+	}
+	// Output:
+	// AuthService v1.0.0
+	// UserService v2.1.0
+}
+
+// Example_sequenceReader_testingBenefits demonstrates how SequenceReader
+// makes testing easier by allowing you to inject test dependencies.
+func Example_sequenceReader_testingBenefits() {
+	// Simple logger that collects messages
+	type SimpleLogger struct {
+		Messages []string
+	}
+
+	// A computation that depends on a logger (using the struct directly)
+	makeLoggingOperation := func(ctx context.Context) func() either.Either[error, func(*SimpleLogger) string] {
+		return func() either.Either[error, func(*SimpleLogger) string] {
+			return either.Right[error](func(logger *SimpleLogger) string {
+				logger.Messages = append(logger.Messages, "Operation started")
+				result := "Success"
+				logger.Messages = append(logger.Messages, fmt.Sprintf("Operation completed: %s", result))
+				return result
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Sequence to enable dependency injection
+	sequenced := RIOE.SequenceReader(makeLoggingOperation)
+
+	// Inject a test logger
+	testLogger := &SimpleLogger{Messages: []string{}}
+	operation := sequenced(testLogger)
+
+	// Execute
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	result := operation(ctx)()
+
+	if value, err := either.Unwrap(result); err == nil {
+		fmt.Println("Result:", value)
+		fmt.Println("Logs:", len(testLogger.Messages))
+	}
+	// Output:
+	// Result: Success
+	// Logs: 2
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/flip_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,866 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerioresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestSequenceReader(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("flips parameter order for simple types", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Original: ReaderIOResult[Reader[string, int]]
+		// = func(context.Context) func() Either[error, func(string) int]
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+			return func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+				return either.Right[error](func(s string) int {
+					return 10 + len(s)
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Sequenced: func(string) func(context.Context) IOResult[int]
+		// The Reader environment (string) is now the first parameter
+		sequenced := SequenceReader(original)
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		// Test original
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result1))
+		innerFunc1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		value1 := innerFunc1("hello")
+		assert.Equal(t, 15, value1)
+
+		// Test sequenced - note the flipped order: string first, then context
+		result2 := sequenced("hello")(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result2))
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 15, value2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("flips parameter order for struct types", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Database struct {
+			ConnectionString string
+		}
+
+		// Original: ReaderIOResult[Reader[Database, string]]
+		query := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[Reader[Database, string]] {
+			return func() Either[Reader[Database, string]] {
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return either.Left[Reader[Database, string]](ctx.Err())
+				}
+				return either.Right[error](func(db Database) string {
+					return fmt.Sprintf("Query on %s", db.ConnectionString)
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		db := Database{ConnectionString: "localhost:5432"}
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		expected := "Query on localhost:5432"
+
+		// Sequence it
+		sequenced := SequenceReader(query)
+
+		// Test original with valid inputs
+		result1 := query(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result1))
+		innerFunc1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		value1 := innerFunc1(db)
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, value1)
+
+		// Test sequenced with valid inputs - Database first, then context
+		result2 := sequenced(db)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result2))
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, value2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves outer error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		expectedError := errors.New("outer error")
+
+		// Original that fails at outer level
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+			return func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+				return either.Left[Reader[string, int]](expectedError)
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		// Test original with error
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result1))
+		_, err1 := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedError, err1)
+
+		// Test sequenced - the outer error is preserved
+		sequenced := SequenceReader(original)
+		result2 := sequenced("test")(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result2))
+		_, err2 := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedError, err2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves computation logic", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Original function
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+			return func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+				return either.Right[error](func(s string) int {
+					return 3 * len(s)
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		// Sequence
+		sequenced := SequenceReader(original)
+
+		// Test that sequence produces correct results
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		innerFunc1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		value1 := innerFunc1("test")
+
+		result2 := sequenced("test")(ctx)()
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(result2)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, value1, value2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 12, value2) // 3 * 4
+	})
+
+	t.Run("works with zero values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+			return func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+				return either.Right[error](func(s string) int {
+					return len(s)
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		sequenced := SequenceReader(original)
+
+		// Test with zero values
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		innerFunc1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		value1 := innerFunc1("")
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, value1)
+
+		result2 := sequenced("")(ctx)()
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, value2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("respects context cancellation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+			return func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return either.Left[Reader[string, int]](ctx.Err())
+				}
+				return either.Right[error](func(s string) int {
+					return len(s)
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cancel()
+
+		sequenced := SequenceReader(original)
+
+		result := sequenced("test")(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result))
+		_, err := either.Unwrap(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("enables point-free style with partial application", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Config struct {
+			Multiplier int
+		}
+
+		// Original computation
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[Reader[Config, int]] {
+			return func() Either[Reader[Config, int]] {
+				return either.Right[error](func(cfg Config) int {
+					return cfg.Multiplier * 10
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Sequence to enable partial application
+		sequenced := SequenceReader(original)
+
+		// Partially apply the Config
+		cfg := Config{Multiplier: 5}
+		withConfig := sequenced(cfg)
+
+		// Now we have a ReaderIOResult[int] that can be used in different contexts
+		ctx1 := context.Background()
+		result1 := withConfig(ctx1)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result1))
+		value1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		assert.Equal(t, 50, value1)
+
+		// Can reuse with different context
+		ctx2 := context.Background()
+		result2 := withConfig(ctx2)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result2))
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 50, value2)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSequenceReaderIO(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("flips parameter order for simple types", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Original: ReaderIOResult[ReaderIO[int]]
+		// = func(context.Context) func() Either[error, func(context.Context) func() int]
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[ReaderIO[int]] {
+			return func() Either[ReaderIO[int]] {
+				return either.Right[error](func(innerCtx context.Context) func() int {
+					return func() int {
+						return 20
+					}
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		sequenced := SequenceReaderIO(original)
+
+		// Test original
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result1))
+		innerFunc1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		value1 := innerFunc1(ctx)()
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, value1)
+
+		// Test sequenced - context first, then context again for inner ReaderIO
+		result2 := sequenced(ctx)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result2))
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, value2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves outer error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		expectedError := errors.New("outer error")
+
+		// Original that fails at outer level
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[ReaderIO[int]] {
+			return func() Either[ReaderIO[int]] {
+				return either.Left[ReaderIO[int]](expectedError)
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		// Test original with error
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result1))
+		_, err1 := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedError, err1)
+
+		// Test sequenced - the outer error is preserved
+		sequenced := SequenceReaderIO(original)
+		result2 := sequenced(ctx)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result2))
+		_, err2 := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedError, err2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("respects context cancellation in outer context", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[ReaderIO[int]] {
+			return func() Either[ReaderIO[int]] {
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return either.Left[ReaderIO[int]](ctx.Err())
+				}
+				return either.Right[error](func(innerCtx context.Context) func() int {
+					return func() int {
+						return 20
+					}
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cancel()
+
+		sequenced := SequenceReaderIO(original)
+
+		result := sequenced(ctx)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result))
+		_, err := either.Unwrap(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSequenceReaderResult(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("flips parameter order for simple types", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Original: ReaderIOResult[ReaderResult[int]]
+		// = func(context.Context) func() Either[error, func(context.Context) Either[error, int]]
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[ReaderResult[int]] {
+			return func() Either[ReaderResult[int]] {
+				return either.Right[error](func(innerCtx context.Context) Either[int] {
+					return either.Right[error](20)
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		sequenced := SequenceReaderResult(original)
+
+		// Test original
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result1))
+		innerFunc1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		innerResult1 := innerFunc1(ctx)
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(innerResult1))
+		value1, _ := either.Unwrap(innerResult1)
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, value1)
+
+		// Test sequenced
+		result2 := sequenced(ctx)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result2))
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, value2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves outer error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		expectedError := errors.New("outer error")
+
+		// Original that fails at outer level
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[ReaderResult[int]] {
+			return func() Either[ReaderResult[int]] {
+				return either.Left[ReaderResult[int]](expectedError)
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		// Test original with error
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result1))
+		_, err1 := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedError, err1)
+
+		// Test sequenced - the outer error is preserved
+		sequenced := SequenceReaderResult(original)
+		result2 := sequenced(ctx)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result2))
+		_, err2 := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedError, err2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves inner error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		expectedError := errors.New("inner error")
+
+		// Original that fails at inner level
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[ReaderResult[int]] {
+			return func() Either[ReaderResult[int]] {
+				return either.Right[error](func(innerCtx context.Context) Either[int] {
+					return either.Left[int](expectedError)
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		// Test original with inner error
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result1))
+		innerFunc1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		innerResult1 := innerFunc1(ctx)
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(innerResult1))
+		_, innerErr1 := either.Unwrap(innerResult1)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedError, innerErr1)
+
+		// Test sequenced with inner error
+		sequenced := SequenceReaderResult(original)
+		result2 := sequenced(ctx)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result2))
+		_, innerErr2 := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedError, innerErr2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("handles errors at different levels", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Original that can fail at both levels
+		makeOriginal := func(x int) ReaderIOResult[ReaderResult[int]] {
+			return func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[ReaderResult[int]] {
+				return func() Either[ReaderResult[int]] {
+					if x < -10 {
+						return either.Left[ReaderResult[int]](errors.New("outer: too negative"))
+					}
+					return either.Right[error](func(innerCtx context.Context) Either[int] {
+						if x < 0 {
+							return either.Left[int](errors.New("inner: negative value"))
+						}
+						return either.Right[error](x * 2)
+					})
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		// Test outer error
+		sequenced1 := SequenceReaderResult(makeOriginal(-20))
+		result1 := sequenced1(ctx)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result1))
+		_, err1 := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		assert.Contains(t, err1.Error(), "outer")
+
+		// Test inner error
+		sequenced2 := SequenceReaderResult(makeOriginal(-5))
+		result2 := sequenced2(ctx)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result2))
+		_, err2 := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Contains(t, err2.Error(), "inner")
+
+		// Test success
+		sequenced3 := SequenceReaderResult(makeOriginal(10))
+		result3 := sequenced3(ctx)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(result3))
+		value3, _ := either.Unwrap(result3)
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, value3)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("respects context cancellation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[ReaderResult[int]] {
+			return func() Either[ReaderResult[int]] {
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return either.Left[ReaderResult[int]](ctx.Err())
+				}
+				return either.Right[error](func(innerCtx context.Context) Either[int] {
+					if innerCtx.Err() != nil {
+						return either.Left[int](innerCtx.Err())
+					}
+					return either.Right[error](20)
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cancel()
+
+		sequenced := SequenceReaderResult(original)
+
+		result := sequenced(ctx)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(result))
+		_, err := either.Unwrap(result)
+		assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSequenceEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("works with empty struct", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Empty struct{}
+
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[Reader[Empty, int]] {
+			return func() Either[Reader[Empty, int]] {
+				return either.Right[error](func(e Empty) int {
+					return 20
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		empty := Empty{}
+		sequenced := SequenceReader(original)
+
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		innerFunc1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		value1 := innerFunc1(empty)
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, value1)
+
+		result2 := sequenced(empty)(ctx)()
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, value2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("works with pointer types", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Data struct {
+			Value int
+		}
+
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[Reader[*Data, int]] {
+			return func() Either[Reader[*Data, int]] {
+				return either.Right[error](func(d *Data) int {
+					if d == nil {
+						return 42
+					}
+					return 42 + d.Value
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		data := &Data{Value: 100}
+		sequenced := SequenceReader(original)
+
+		// Test with non-nil pointer
+		result1 := original(ctx)()
+		innerFunc1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+		value1 := innerFunc1(data)
+		assert.Equal(t, 142, value1)
+
+		result2 := sequenced(data)(ctx)()
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(result2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 142, value2)
+
+		// Test with nil pointer
+		result3 := sequenced(nil)(ctx)()
+		value3, _ := either.Unwrap(result3)
+		assert.Equal(t, 42, value3)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("maintains referential transparency", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// The same inputs should always produce the same outputs
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+			return func() Either[Reader[string, int]] {
+				return either.Right[error](func(s string) int {
+					return 10 + len(s)
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		sequenced := SequenceReader(original)
+
+		// Call multiple times with same inputs
+		for range 5 {
+			result1 := original(ctx)()
+			innerFunc1, _ := either.Unwrap(result1)
+			value1 := innerFunc1("hello")
+			assert.Equal(t, 15, value1)
+
+			result2 := sequenced("hello")(ctx)()
+			value2, _ := either.Unwrap(result2)
+			assert.Equal(t, 15, value2)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestTraverseReader(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("basic transformation with Reader dependency", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Config struct {
+			Multiplier int
+		}
+
+		// Original computation
+		original := Right(10)
+
+		// Reader-based transformation
+		multiply := func(x int) Reader[Config, int] {
+			return func(cfg Config) int {
+				return x * cfg.Multiplier
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Apply TraverseReader
+		traversed := TraverseReader(multiply)
+		result := traversed(original)
+
+		// Provide Config and execute
+		cfg := Config{Multiplier: 5}
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		finalResult := result(cfg)(ctx)()
+
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(finalResult))
+		value, _ := either.Unwrap(finalResult)
+		assert.Equal(t, 50, value)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves outer error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Config struct {
+			Multiplier int
+		}
+
+		expectedError := errors.New("computation failed")
+
+		// Original computation that fails
+		original := Left[int](expectedError)
+
+		// Reader-based transformation (won't be called)
+		multiply := func(x int) Reader[Config, int] {
+			return func(cfg Config) int {
+				return x * cfg.Multiplier
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Apply TraverseReader
+		traversed := TraverseReader(multiply)
+		result := traversed(original)
+
+		// Provide Config and execute
+		cfg := Config{Multiplier: 5}
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		finalResult := result(cfg)(ctx)()
+
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(finalResult))
+		_, err := either.Unwrap(finalResult)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedError, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("works with different types", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Database struct {
+			Prefix string
+		}
+
+		// Original computation producing an int
+		original := Right(42)
+
+		// Reader-based transformation: int -> string using Database
+		format := func(x int) func(Database) string {
+			return func(db Database) string {
+				return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", db.Prefix, x)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Apply TraverseReader
+		traversed := TraverseReader(format)
+		result := traversed(original)
+
+		// Provide Database and execute
+		db := Database{Prefix: "ID"}
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		finalResult := result(db)(ctx)()
+
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(finalResult))
+		value, _ := either.Unwrap(finalResult)
+		assert.Equal(t, "ID:42", value)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("works with struct environments", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Settings struct {
+			Prefix string
+			Suffix string
+		}
+
+		// Original computation
+		original := Right("value")
+
+		// Reader-based transformation using Settings
+		decorate := func(s string) func(Settings) string {
+			return func(settings Settings) string {
+				return settings.Prefix + s + settings.Suffix
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Apply TraverseReader
+		traversed := TraverseReader(decorate)
+		result := traversed(original)
+
+		// Provide Settings and execute
+		settings := Settings{Prefix: "[", Suffix: "]"}
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		finalResult := result(settings)(ctx)()
+
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(finalResult))
+		value, _ := either.Unwrap(finalResult)
+		assert.Equal(t, "[value]", value)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("enables partial application", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Config struct {
+			Factor int
+		}
+
+		// Original computation
+		original := Right(10)
+
+		// Reader-based transformation
+		scale := func(x int) Reader[Config, int] {
+			return func(cfg Config) int {
+				return x * cfg.Factor
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Apply TraverseReader
+		traversed := TraverseReader(scale)
+		result := traversed(original)
+
+		// Partially apply Config
+		cfg := Config{Factor: 3}
+		withConfig := result(cfg)
+
+		// Can now use with different contexts
+		ctx1 := context.Background()
+		finalResult1 := withConfig(ctx1)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(finalResult1))
+		value1, _ := either.Unwrap(finalResult1)
+		assert.Equal(t, 30, value1)
+
+		// Reuse with different context
+		ctx2 := context.Background()
+		finalResult2 := withConfig(ctx2)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(finalResult2))
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(finalResult2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 30, value2)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("respects context cancellation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Config struct {
+			Value int
+		}
+
+		// Original computation that checks context
+		original := func(ctx context.Context) func() Either[int] {
+			return func() Either[int] {
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return either.Left[int](ctx.Err())
+				}
+				return either.Right[error](10)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Reader-based transformation
+		multiply := func(x int) Reader[Config, int] {
+			return func(cfg Config) int {
+				return x * cfg.Value
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Apply TraverseReader
+		traversed := TraverseReader(multiply)
+		result := traversed(original)
+
+		// Use canceled context
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cancel()
+
+		cfg := Config{Value: 5}
+		finalResult := result(cfg)(ctx)()
+
+		assert.True(t, either.IsLeft(finalResult))
+		_, err := either.Unwrap(finalResult)
+		assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("works with zero values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Config struct {
+			Offset int
+		}
+
+		// Original computation with zero value
+		original := Right(0)
+
+		// Reader-based transformation
+		add := func(x int) Reader[Config, int] {
+			return func(cfg Config) int {
+				return x + cfg.Offset
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Apply TraverseReader
+		traversed := TraverseReader(add)
+		result := traversed(original)
+
+		// Provide Config with zero offset
+		cfg := Config{Offset: 0}
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		finalResult := result(cfg)(ctx)()
+
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(finalResult))
+		value, _ := either.Unwrap(finalResult)
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, value)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chains multiple transformations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Config struct {
+			Multiplier int
+		}
+
+		// Original computation
+		original := Right(5)
+
+		// First Reader-based transformation
+		multiply := func(x int) Reader[Config, int] {
+			return func(cfg Config) int {
+				return x * cfg.Multiplier
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Apply TraverseReader
+		traversed := TraverseReader(multiply)
+		result := traversed(original)
+
+		// Provide Config and execute
+		cfg := Config{Multiplier: 4}
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		finalResult := result(cfg)(ctx)()
+
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(finalResult))
+		value, _ := either.Unwrap(finalResult)
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, value) // 5 * 4 = 20
+	})
+
+	t.Run("works with complex Reader logic", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type ValidationRules struct {
+			MinValue int
+			MaxValue int
+		}
+
+		// Original computation
+		original := Right(50)
+
+		// Reader-based transformation with validation logic
+		validate := func(x int) func(ValidationRules) int {
+			return func(rules ValidationRules) int {
+				if x < rules.MinValue {
+					return rules.MinValue
+				}
+				if x > rules.MaxValue {
+					return rules.MaxValue
+				}
+				return x
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Apply TraverseReader
+		traversed := TraverseReader(validate)
+		result := traversed(original)
+
+		// Test with value within range
+		rules1 := ValidationRules{MinValue: 0, MaxValue: 100}
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		finalResult1 := result(rules1)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(finalResult1))
+		value1, _ := either.Unwrap(finalResult1)
+		assert.Equal(t, 50, value1)
+
+		// Test with value above max
+		rules2 := ValidationRules{MinValue: 0, MaxValue: 30}
+		finalResult2 := result(rules2)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(finalResult2))
+		value2, _ := either.Unwrap(finalResult2)
+		assert.Equal(t, 30, value2) // Clamped to max
+
+		// Test with value below min
+		rules3 := ValidationRules{MinValue: 60, MaxValue: 100}
+		finalResult3 := result(rules3)(ctx)()
+		assert.True(t, either.IsRight(finalResult3))
+		value3, _ := either.Unwrap(finalResult3)
+		assert.Equal(t, 60, value3) // Clamped to min
+	})
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/http/request.go

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ type (
 	// It wraps a standard http.Client and provides functional HTTP operations.
 	client struct {
 		delegate *http.Client
-		doIOE    func(*http.Request) IOE.IOEither[error, *http.Response]
+		doIOE    IOE.Kleisli[error, *http.Request, *http.Response]
 	}
 )
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func MakeClient(httpClient *http.Client) Client {
 //	request := MakeGetRequest("https://api.example.com/data")
 //	fullResp := ReadFullResponse(client)(request)
 //	result := fullResp(context.Background())()
-func ReadFullResponse(client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[H.FullResponse] {
+func ReadFullResponse(client Client) RIOE.Kleisli[Requester, H.FullResponse] {
 	return func(req Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[H.FullResponse] {
 		return F.Flow3(
 			client.Do(req),
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ func ReadFullResponse(client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[H.FullR
 //	request := MakeGetRequest("https://api.example.com/data")
 //	readBytes := ReadAll(client)
 //	result := readBytes(request)(context.Background())()
-func ReadAll(client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[[]byte] {
+func ReadAll(client Client) RIOE.Kleisli[Requester, []byte] {
 	return F.Flow2(
 		ReadFullResponse(client),
 		RIOE.Map(H.Body),
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func ReadAll(client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[[]byte] {
 //	request := MakeGetRequest("https://api.example.com/text")
 //	readText := ReadText(client)
 //	result := readText(request)(context.Background())()
-func ReadText(client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[string] {
+func ReadText(client Client) RIOE.Kleisli[Requester, string] {
 	return F.Flow2(
 		ReadAll(client),
 		RIOE.Map(B.ToString),
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func ReadText(client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[string] {
 // Deprecated: Use [ReadJSON] instead. This function is kept for backward compatibility
 // but will be removed in a future version. The capitalized version follows Go naming
 // conventions for acronyms.
-func ReadJson[A any](client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[A] {
+func ReadJson[A any](client Client) RIOE.Kleisli[Requester, A] {
 	return ReadJSON[A](client)
 }
 
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ func ReadJson[A any](client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[A] {
 //  3. Reads the response body as bytes
 //
 // This function is used internally by ReadJSON to ensure proper JSON response handling.
-func readJSON(client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[[]byte] {
+func readJSON(client Client) RIOE.Kleisli[Requester, []byte] {
 	return F.Flow3(
 		ReadFullResponse(client),
 		RIOE.ChainFirstEitherK(F.Flow2(
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ func readJSON(client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[[]byte] {
 //	request := MakeGetRequest("https://api.example.com/user/1")
 //	readUser := ReadJSON[User](client)
 //	result := readUser(request)(context.Background())()
-func ReadJSON[A any](client Client) func(Requester) RIOE.ReaderIOResult[A] {
+func ReadJSON[A any](client Client) RIOE.Kleisli[Requester, A] {
 	return F.Flow2(
 		readJSON(client),
 		RIOE.ChainEitherK(J.Unmarshal[A]),

v2/context/readerioresult/logging.go

@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package readerioresult provides logging utilities for ReaderIOResult computations.
+// It includes functions for entry/exit logging with timing, correlation IDs, and context management.
+package readerioresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/readerio"
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/io"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/logging"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+)
+
+type (
+	// loggingContextKeyType is the type used as a key for storing logging information in context.Context
+	loggingContextKeyType int
+
+	// LoggingID is a unique identifier assigned to each logged operation for correlation
+	LoggingID uint64
+
+	// loggingContext holds the logging state for a computation, including timing,
+	// correlation ID, logger instance, and whether logging is enabled.
+	loggingContext struct {
+		contextID LoggingID    // Unique identifier for this logged operation
+		startTime time.Time    // When the operation started (for duration calculation)
+		logger    *slog.Logger // The logger instance to use for this operation
+		isEnabled bool         // Whether logging is enabled for this operation
+	}
+)
+
+var (
+	// loggingContextKey is the singleton key used to store/retrieve logging data from context
+	loggingContextKey loggingContextKeyType
+
+	// loggingCounter is an atomic counter that generates unique LoggingIDs
+	loggingCounter atomic.Uint64
+
+	loggingContextValue = F.Bind2nd(context.Context.Value, any(loggingContextKey))
+
+	withLoggingContextValue = F.Bind2of3(context.WithValue)(any(loggingContextKey))
+
+	// getLoggingContext retrieves the logging information (start time and ID) from the context.
+	// It returns a Pair containing the start time and the logging ID.
+	// This function assumes the context contains logging information; it will panic if not present.
+	getLoggingContext = F.Flow3(
+		loggingContextValue,
+		option.ToType[loggingContext],
+		option.GetOrElse(getDefaultLoggingContext),
+	)
+)
+
+// getDefaultLoggingContext returns a default logging context with the global logger.
+// This is used when no logging context is found in the context.Context.
+func getDefaultLoggingContext() loggingContext {
+	return loggingContext{
+		logger: logging.GetLogger(),
+	}
+}
+
+// withLoggingContext creates an endomorphism that adds a logging context to a context.Context.
+// This is used internally to store logging state in the context for retrieval by nested operations.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - lctx: The logging context to store
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An endomorphism that adds the logging context to a context.Context
+func withLoggingContext(lctx loggingContext) Endomorphism[context.Context] {
+	return F.Bind2nd(withLoggingContextValue, any(lctx))
+}
+
+// LogEntryExitF creates a customizable operator that wraps a ReaderIOResult computation with entry/exit callbacks.
+//
+// This is a more flexible version of LogEntryExit that allows you to provide custom callbacks for
+// entry and exit events. The onEntry callback receives the current context and can return a modified
+// context (e.g., with additional logging information). The onExit callback receives the computation
+// result and can perform custom logging, metrics collection, or cleanup.
+//
+// The function uses the bracket pattern to ensure that:
+//   - The onEntry callback is executed before the computation starts
+//   - The computation runs with the context returned by onEntry
+//   - The onExit callback is executed after the computation completes (success or failure)
+//   - The original result is preserved and returned unchanged
+//   - Cleanup happens even if the computation fails
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The success type of the ReaderIOResult
+//   - ANY: The return type of the onExit callback (typically any)
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - onEntry: A ReaderIO that receives the current context and returns a (possibly modified) context.
+//     This is executed before the computation starts. Use this for logging entry, adding context values,
+//     starting timers, or initialization logic.
+//   - onExit: A Kleisli function that receives the Result[A] and returns a ReaderIO[ANY].
+//     This is executed after the computation completes, regardless of success or failure.
+//     Use this for logging exit, recording metrics, cleanup, or finalization logic.
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that wraps the ReaderIOResult computation with the custom entry/exit callbacks
+//
+// Example with custom context modification:
+//
+//	type RequestID string
+//
+//	logOp := LogEntryExitF[User, any](
+//	    func(ctx context.Context) IO[context.Context] {
+//	        return func() context.Context {
+//	            reqID := RequestID(uuid.New().String())
+//	            log.Printf("[%s] Starting operation", reqID)
+//	            return context.WithValue(ctx, "requestID", reqID)
+//	        }
+//	    },
+//	    func(res Result[User]) ReaderIO[any] {
+//	        return func(ctx context.Context) IO[any] {
+//	            return func() any {
+//	                reqID := ctx.Value("requestID").(RequestID)
+//	                return F.Pipe1(
+//	                    res,
+//	                    result.Fold(
+//	                        func(err error) any {
+//	                            log.Printf("[%s] Operation failed: %v", reqID, err)
+//	                            return nil
+//	                        },
+//	                        func(_ User) any {
+//	                            log.Printf("[%s] Operation succeeded", reqID)
+//	                            return nil
+//	                        },
+//	                    ),
+//	                )
+//	            }
+//	        }
+//	    },
+//	)
+//
+//	wrapped := logOp(fetchUser(123))
+//
+// Example with metrics collection:
+//
+//	import "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+//
+//	metricsOp := LogEntryExitF[Response, any](
+//	    func(ctx context.Context) IO[context.Context] {
+//	        return func() context.Context {
+//	            requestCount.WithLabelValues("api_call", "started").Inc()
+//	            return context.WithValue(ctx, "startTime", time.Now())
+//	        }
+//	    },
+//	    func(res Result[Response]) ReaderIO[any] {
+//	        return func(ctx context.Context) IO[any] {
+//	            return func() any {
+//	                startTime := ctx.Value("startTime").(time.Time)
+//	                duration := time.Since(startTime).Seconds()
+//
+//	                return F.Pipe1(
+//	                    res,
+//	                    result.Fold(
+//	                        func(err error) any {
+//	                            requestCount.WithLabelValues("api_call", "error").Inc()
+//	                            requestDuration.WithLabelValues("api_call", "error").Observe(duration)
+//	                            return nil
+//	                        },
+//	                        func(_ Response) any {
+//	                            requestCount.WithLabelValues("api_call", "success").Inc()
+//	                            requestDuration.WithLabelValues("api_call", "success").Observe(duration)
+//	                            return nil
+//	                        },
+//	                    ),
+//	                )
+//	            }
+//	        }
+//	    },
+//	)
+//
+// Use Cases:
+//   - Custom context modification: Adding request IDs, trace IDs, or other context values
+//   - Structured logging: Integration with zap, logrus, or other structured loggers
+//   - Metrics collection: Recording operation durations, success/failure rates
+//   - Distributed tracing: OpenTelemetry, Jaeger integration
+//   - Custom monitoring: Application-specific monitoring and alerting
+//
+// Note: LogEntryExit is implemented using LogEntryExitF with standard logging and context management.
+// Use LogEntryExitF when you need more control over the entry/exit behavior or context modification.
+func LogEntryExitF[A, ANY any](
+	onEntry ReaderIO[context.Context],
+	onExit readerio.Kleisli[Result[A], ANY],
+) Operator[A, A] {
+	bracket := F.Bind13of3(readerio.Bracket[context.Context, Result[A], ANY])(onEntry, func(newCtx context.Context, res Result[A]) ReaderIO[ANY] {
+		return readerio.FromIO(onExit(res)(newCtx)) // Get the exit callback for this result
+	})
+
+	return func(src ReaderIOResult[A]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
+		return bracket(F.Flow2(
+			src,
+			FromIOResult,
+		))
+	}
+}
+
+// onEntry creates a ReaderIO that handles the entry logging for an operation.
+// It generates a unique logging ID, captures the start time, and logs the entry message.
+// The logging context is stored in the context.Context for later retrieval.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - logLevel: The slog.Level to use for logging (e.g., slog.LevelInfo, slog.LevelDebug)
+//   - cb: Callback function to retrieve the logger from the context
+//   - nameAttr: The slog.Attr containing the operation name
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A ReaderIO that prepares the context with logging information and logs the entry
+func onEntry(
+	logLevel slog.Level,
+	cb func(context.Context) *slog.Logger,
+	nameAttr slog.Attr,
+) ReaderIO[context.Context] {
+
+	return func(ctx context.Context) IO[context.Context] {
+		// logger
+		logger := cb(ctx)
+
+		return func() context.Context {
+			// check if the logger is enabled
+			if logger.Enabled(ctx, logLevel) {
+				// Generate unique logging ID and capture start time
+				contextID := LoggingID(loggingCounter.Add(1))
+				startTime := time.Now()
+
+				newLogger := logger.With("ID", contextID)
+
+				// log using ID
+				newLogger.LogAttrs(ctx, logLevel, "[entering]", nameAttr)
+
+				withCtx := withLoggingContext(loggingContext{
+					contextID: contextID,
+					startTime: startTime,
+					logger:    newLogger,
+					isEnabled: true,
+				})
+				withLogger := logging.WithLogger(newLogger)
+
+				return withCtx(withLogger(ctx))
+			}
+			// logging disabled
+			withCtx := withLoggingContext(loggingContext{
+				logger:    logger,
+				isEnabled: false,
+			})
+			return withCtx(ctx)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// onExitAny creates a Kleisli function that handles exit logging for an operation.
+// It logs either success or error based on the Result, including the operation duration.
+// Only logs if logging was enabled during entry (checked via loggingContext.isEnabled).
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - logLevel: The slog.Level to use for logging
+//   - nameAttr: The slog.Attr containing the operation name
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Kleisli function that logs the exit/error and returns nil
+func onExitAny(
+	logLevel slog.Level,
+	nameAttr slog.Attr,
+) readerio.Kleisli[Result[any], any] {
+	return func(res Result[any]) ReaderIO[any] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IO[any] {
+			value := getLoggingContext(ctx)
+
+			if value.isEnabled {
+
+				return func() any {
+					// Retrieve logging information from context
+					durationAttr := slog.Duration("duration", time.Since(value.startTime))
+
+					// Log error with ID and duration
+					onError := func(err error) any {
+						value.logger.LogAttrs(ctx, logLevel, "[throwing]",
+							nameAttr,
+							durationAttr,
+							slog.Any("error", err))
+						return nil
+					}
+
+					// Log success with ID and duration
+					onSuccess := func(_ any) any {
+						value.logger.LogAttrs(ctx, logLevel, "[exiting ]", nameAttr, durationAttr)
+						return nil
+					}
+
+					return F.Pipe1(
+						res,
+						result.Fold(onError, onSuccess),
+					)
+				}
+			}
+			// nothing to do
+			return io.Of[any](nil)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// LogEntryExitWithCallback creates an operator that logs entry and exit of a ReaderIOResult computation
+// using a custom logger callback and log level. This provides more control than LogEntryExit.
+//
+// This function allows you to:
+//   - Use a custom log level (Debug, Info, Warn, Error)
+//   - Retrieve the logger from the context using a custom callback
+//   - Control whether logging is enabled based on the logger's configuration
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The success type of the ReaderIOResult
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - logLevel: The slog.Level to use for all log messages (entry, exit, error)
+//   - cb: Callback function to retrieve the *slog.Logger from the context
+//   - name: A descriptive name for the operation
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that wraps the ReaderIOResult with customizable logging
+//
+// Example with custom log level:
+//
+//	// Log at debug level
+//	debugOp := LogEntryExitWithCallback[User](
+//	    slog.LevelDebug,
+//	    logging.GetLoggerFromContext,
+//	    "fetchUser",
+//	)
+//	result := debugOp(fetchUser(123))
+//
+// Example with custom logger callback:
+//
+//	type loggerKey int
+//	const myLoggerKey loggerKey = 0
+//
+//	getMyLogger := func(ctx context.Context) *slog.Logger {
+//	    if logger := ctx.Value(myLoggerKey); logger != nil {
+//	        return logger.(*slog.Logger)
+//	    }
+//	    return slog.Default()
+//	}
+//
+//	customOp := LogEntryExitWithCallback[Data](
+//	    slog.LevelInfo,
+//	    getMyLogger,
+//	    "processData",
+//	)
+func LogEntryExitWithCallback[A any](
+	logLevel slog.Level,
+	cb func(context.Context) *slog.Logger,
+	name string) Operator[A, A] {
+
+	nameAttr := slog.String("name", name)
+
+	return LogEntryExitF(
+		onEntry(logLevel, cb, nameAttr),
+		F.Flow2(
+			result.MapTo[A, any](nil),
+			onExitAny(logLevel, nameAttr),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+// LogEntryExit creates an operator that logs the entry and exit of a ReaderIOResult computation with timing and correlation IDs.
+//
+// This function wraps a ReaderIOResult computation with automatic logging that tracks:
+//   - Entry: Logs when the computation starts with "[entering <id>] <name>"
+//   - Exit: Logs when the computation completes successfully with "[exiting  <id>] <name> [duration]"
+//   - Error: Logs when the computation fails with "[throwing <id>] <name> [duration]: <error>"
+//
+// Each logged operation is assigned a unique LoggingID (a monotonically increasing counter) that
+// appears in all log messages for that operation. This ID enables correlation of entry and exit
+// logs, even when multiple operations are running concurrently or are interleaved.
+//
+// The logging information (start time and ID) is stored in the context and can be retrieved using
+// getLoggingContext or getLoggingID. This allows nested operations to access the parent operation's
+// logging information.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The success type of the ReaderIOResult
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - name: A descriptive name for the computation, used in log messages to identify the operation
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that wraps the ReaderIOResult computation with entry/exit logging
+//
+// The function uses the bracket pattern to ensure that:
+//   - Entry is logged before the computation starts
+//   - A unique LoggingID is assigned and stored in the context
+//   - Exit/error is logged after the computation completes, regardless of success or failure
+//   - Timing is accurate, measuring from entry to exit
+//   - The original result is preserved and returned unchanged
+//
+// Log Format:
+//   - Entry:   "[entering <id>] <name>"
+//   - Success: "[exiting  <id>] <name> [<duration>s]"
+//   - Error:   "[throwing <id>] <name> [<duration>s]: <error>"
+//
+// Example with successful computation:
+//
+//	fetchUser := func(id int) ReaderIOResult[User] {
+//	    return Of(User{ID: id, Name: "Alice"})
+//	}
+//
+//	// Wrap with logging
+//	loggedFetch := LogEntryExit[User]("fetchUser")(fetchUser(123))
+//
+//	// Execute
+//	result := loggedFetch(context.Background())()
+//	// Logs:
+//	// [entering 1] fetchUser
+//	// [exiting  1] fetchUser [0.1s]
+//
+// Example with error:
+//
+//	failingOp := func() ReaderIOResult[string] {
+//	    return Left[string](errors.New("connection timeout"))
+//	}
+//
+//	logged := LogEntryExit[string]("failingOp")(failingOp())
+//	result := logged(context.Background())()
+//	// Logs:
+//	// [entering 2] failingOp
+//	// [throwing 2] failingOp [0.0s]: connection timeout
+//
+// Example with nested operations:
+//
+//	fetchOrders := func(userID int) ReaderIOResult[[]Order] {
+//	    return Of([]Order{{ID: 1}})
+//	}
+//
+//	pipeline := F.Pipe3(
+//	    fetchUser(123),
+//	    LogEntryExit[User]("fetchUser"),
+//	    Chain(func(user User) ReaderIOResult[[]Order] {
+//	        return fetchOrders(user.ID)
+//	    }),
+//	    LogEntryExit[[]Order]("fetchOrders"),
+//	)
+//
+//	result := pipeline(context.Background())()
+//	// Logs:
+//	// [entering 3] fetchUser
+//	// [exiting  3] fetchUser [0.1s]
+//	// [entering 4] fetchOrders
+//	// [exiting  4] fetchOrders [0.2s]
+//
+// Example with concurrent operations:
+//
+//	// Multiple operations can run concurrently, each with unique IDs
+//	op1 := LogEntryExit[Data]("operation1")(fetchData(1))
+//	op2 := LogEntryExit[Data]("operation2")(fetchData(2))
+//
+//	go op1(context.Background())()
+//	go op2(context.Background())()
+//	// Logs (order may vary):
+//	// [entering 5] operation1
+//	// [entering 6] operation2
+//	// [exiting  5] operation1 [0.1s]
+//	// [exiting  6] operation2 [0.2s]
+//	// The IDs allow correlation even when logs are interleaved
+//
+// Use Cases:
+//   - Debugging: Track execution flow through complex ReaderIOResult chains with correlation IDs
+//   - Performance monitoring: Identify slow operations with timing information
+//   - Production logging: Monitor critical operations with unique identifiers
+//   - Concurrent operations: Correlate logs from multiple concurrent operations
+//   - Nested operations: Track parent-child relationships in operation hierarchies
+//   - Troubleshooting: Quickly identify where errors occur and correlate with entry logs
+//
+//go:inline
+func LogEntryExit[A any](name string) Operator[A, A] {
+	return LogEntryExitWithCallback[A](slog.LevelInfo, logging.GetLoggerFromContext, name)
+}
+
+func curriedLog(
+	logLevel slog.Level,
+	cb func(context.Context) *slog.Logger,
+	message string) func(slog.Attr) func(context.Context) func() struct{} {
+	return F.Curry2(func(a slog.Attr, ctx context.Context) func() struct{} {
+		logger := cb(ctx)
+		return func() struct{} {
+			logger.LogAttrs(ctx, logLevel, message, a)
+			return struct{}{}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// SLogWithCallback creates a Kleisli arrow that logs a Result value (success or error) with a custom logger and log level.
+//
+// This function logs both successful values and errors, making it useful for debugging and monitoring
+// Result values as they flow through a computation. Unlike TapSLog which only logs successful values,
+// SLogWithCallback logs the Result regardless of whether it contains a value or an error.
+//
+// The logged output includes:
+//   - For success: The message with the value as a structured "value" attribute
+//   - For error: The message with the error as a structured "error" attribute
+//
+// The Result is passed through unchanged after logging.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The success type of the Result
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - logLevel: The slog.Level to use for logging (e.g., slog.LevelInfo, slog.LevelDebug)
+//   - cb: Callback function to retrieve the *slog.Logger from the context
+//   - message: A descriptive message to include in the log entry
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Kleisli arrow that logs the Result (value or error) and returns it unchanged
+//
+// Example with custom log level:
+//
+//	debugLog := SLogWithCallback[User](
+//	    slog.LevelDebug,
+//	    logging.GetLoggerFromContext,
+//	    "User result",
+//	)
+//
+//	pipeline := F.Pipe2(
+//	    fetchUser(123),
+//	    Chain(debugLog),
+//	    Map(func(u User) string { return u.Name }),
+//	)
+//
+// Example with custom logger:
+//
+//	type loggerKey int
+//	const myLoggerKey loggerKey = 0
+//
+//	getMyLogger := func(ctx context.Context) *slog.Logger {
+//	    if logger := ctx.Value(myLoggerKey); logger != nil {
+//	        return logger.(*slog.Logger)
+//	    }
+//	    return slog.Default()
+//	}
+//
+//	customLog := SLogWithCallback[Data](
+//	    slog.LevelWarn,
+//	    getMyLogger,
+//	    "Data processing result",
+//	)
+//
+// Use Cases:
+//   - Debugging: Log both successful and failed Results in a pipeline
+//   - Error tracking: Monitor error occurrences with custom log levels
+//   - Custom logging: Use application-specific loggers and log levels
+//   - Conditional logging: Enable/disable logging based on logger configuration
+func SLogWithCallback[A any](
+	logLevel slog.Level,
+	cb func(context.Context) *slog.Logger,
+	message string) Kleisli[Result[A], A] {
+
+	return F.Pipe1(
+		F.Flow2(
+			// create the attribute to log depending on the condition
+			result.ToSLogAttr[A](),
+			// create an `IO` that logs the attribute
+			curriedLog(logLevel, cb, message),
+		),
+		// preserve the original context
+		reader.Chain(reader.Sequence(readerio.MapTo[struct{}, Result[A]])),
+	)
+}
+
+// SLog creates a Kleisli arrow that logs a Result value (success or error) with a message.
+//
+// This function logs both successful values and errors at Info level using the logger from the context.
+// It's a convenience wrapper around SLogWithCallback with standard settings.
+//
+// The logged output includes:
+//   - For success: The message with the value as a structured "value" attribute
+//   - For error: The message with the error as a structured "error" attribute
+//
+// The Result is passed through unchanged after logging, making this function transparent in the
+// computation pipeline.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The success type of the Result
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - message: A descriptive message to include in the log entry
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Kleisli arrow that logs the Result (value or error) and returns it unchanged
+//
+// Example with successful Result:
+//
+//	pipeline := F.Pipe2(
+//	    fetchUser(123),
+//	    Chain(SLog[User]("Fetched user")),
+//	    Map(func(u User) string { return u.Name }),
+//	)
+//
+//	result := pipeline(context.Background())()
+//	// If successful, logs: "Fetched user" value={ID:123 Name:"Alice"}
+//	// If error, logs: "Fetched user" error="user not found"
+//
+// Example in error handling pipeline:
+//
+//	pipeline := F.Pipe3(
+//	    fetchData(id),
+//	    Chain(SLog[Data]("Data fetched")),
+//	    Chain(validateData),
+//	    Chain(SLog[Data]("Data validated")),
+//	    Chain(processData),
+//	)
+//
+//	// Logs each step, including errors:
+//	// "Data fetched" value={...} or error="..."
+//	// "Data validated" value={...} or error="..."
+//
+// Use Cases:
+//   - Debugging: Track both successful and failed Results in a pipeline
+//   - Error monitoring: Log errors as they occur in the computation
+//   - Flow tracking: See the progression of Results through a pipeline
+//   - Troubleshooting: Identify where errors are introduced or propagated
+//
+// Note: This function logs the Result itself (which may contain an error), not just successful values.
+// For logging only successful values, use TapSLog instead.
+//
+//go:inline
+func SLog[A any](message string) Kleisli[Result[A], A] {
+	return SLogWithCallback[A](slog.LevelInfo, logging.GetLoggerFromContext, message)
+}
+
+// TapSLog creates an operator that logs only successful values with a message and passes them through unchanged.
+//
+// This function is useful for debugging and monitoring values as they flow through a ReaderIOResult
+// computation chain. Unlike SLog which logs both successes and errors, TapSLog only logs when the
+// computation is successful. If the computation contains an error, no logging occurs and the error
+// is propagated unchanged.
+//
+// The logged output includes:
+//   - The provided message
+//   - The value being passed through (as a structured "value" attribute)
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The type of the value to log and pass through
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - message: A descriptive message to include in the log entry
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that logs successful values and returns them unchanged
+//
+// Example with simple value logging:
+//
+//	fetchUser := func(id int) ReaderIOResult[User] {
+//	    return Of(User{ID: id, Name: "Alice"})
+//	}
+//
+//	pipeline := F.Pipe2(
+//	    fetchUser(123),
+//	    TapSLog[User]("Fetched user"),
+//	    Map(func(u User) string { return u.Name }),
+//	)
+//
+//	result := pipeline(context.Background())()
+//	// Logs: "Fetched user" value={ID:123 Name:"Alice"}
+//	// Returns: result.Of("Alice")
+//
+// Example in a processing pipeline:
+//
+//	processOrder := F.Pipe4(
+//	    fetchOrder(orderId),
+//	    TapSLog[Order]("Order fetched"),
+//	    Chain(validateOrder),
+//	    TapSLog[Order]("Order validated"),
+//	    Chain(processPayment),
+//	    TapSLog[Payment]("Payment processed"),
+//	)
+//
+//	result := processOrder(context.Background())()
+//	// Logs each successful step with the intermediate values
+//	// If any step fails, subsequent TapSLog calls don't log
+//
+// Example with error handling:
+//
+//	pipeline := F.Pipe3(
+//	    fetchData(id),
+//	    TapSLog[Data]("Data fetched"),
+//	    Chain(func(d Data) ReaderIOResult[Result] {
+//	        if d.IsValid() {
+//	            return Of(processData(d))
+//	        }
+//	        return Left[Result](errors.New("invalid data"))
+//	    }),
+//	    TapSLog[Result]("Data processed"),
+//	)
+//
+//	// If fetchData succeeds: logs "Data fetched" with the data
+//	// If processing succeeds: logs "Data processed" with the result
+//	// If processing fails: "Data processed" is NOT logged (error propagates)
+//
+// Use Cases:
+//   - Debugging: Inspect intermediate successful values in a computation pipeline
+//   - Monitoring: Track successful data flow through complex operations
+//   - Troubleshooting: Identify where successful computations stop (last logged value before error)
+//   - Auditing: Log important successful values for compliance or security
+//   - Development: Understand data transformations during development
+//
+// Note: This function only logs successful values. Errors are silently propagated without logging.
+// For logging both successes and errors, use SLog instead.
+//
+//go:inline
+func TapSLog[A any](message string) Operator[A, A] {
+	return readerio.ChainFirst(SLog[A](message))
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/logging_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+package readerioresult
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/logging"
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// TestLoggingContext tests basic nested logging with correlation IDs
+func TestLoggingContext(t *testing.T) {
+	data := F.Pipe2(
+		Of("Sample"),
+		LogEntryExit[string]("TestLoggingContext1"),
+		LogEntryExit[string]("TestLoggingContext2"),
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of("Sample"), data(context.Background())())
+}
+
+// TestLogEntryExitSuccess tests successful operation logging
+func TestLogEntryExitSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	operation := F.Pipe1(
+		Of("success value"),
+		LogEntryExit[string]("TestOperation"),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of("success value"), res)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "[entering]")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "[exiting ]")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "TestOperation")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "ID=")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "duration=")
+}
+
+// TestLogEntryExitError tests error operation logging
+func TestLogEntryExitError(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	testErr := errors.New("test error")
+	operation := F.Pipe1(
+		Left[string](testErr),
+		LogEntryExit[string]("FailingOperation"),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsLeft(res))
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "[entering]")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "[throwing]")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "FailingOperation")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "test error")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "ID=")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "duration=")
+}
+
+// TestLogEntryExitNested tests nested operations with different IDs
+func TestLogEntryExitNested(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	innerOp := F.Pipe1(
+		Of("inner"),
+		LogEntryExit[string]("InnerOp"),
+	)
+
+	outerOp := F.Pipe2(
+		Of("outer"),
+		LogEntryExit[string]("OuterOp"),
+		Chain(func(s string) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+			return innerOp
+		}),
+	)
+
+	res := outerOp(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsRight(res))
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	// Should have two different IDs
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "OuterOp")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "InnerOp")
+
+	// Count entering and exiting logs
+	enterCount := strings.Count(logOutput, "[entering]")
+	exitCount := strings.Count(logOutput, "[exiting ]")
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, enterCount, "Should have 2 entering logs")
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, exitCount, "Should have 2 exiting logs")
+}
+
+// TestLogEntryExitWithCallback tests custom log level and callback
+func TestLogEntryExitWithCallback(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelDebug,
+	}))
+
+	customCallback := func(ctx context.Context) *slog.Logger {
+		return logger
+	}
+
+	operation := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(42),
+		LogEntryExitWithCallback[int](slog.LevelDebug, customCallback, "DebugOperation"),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(42), res)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "[entering]")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "[exiting ]")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "DebugOperation")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "level=DEBUG")
+}
+
+// TestLogEntryExitDisabled tests that logging can be disabled
+func TestLogEntryExitDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	// Create logger with level that disables info logs
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelError, // Only log errors
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	operation := F.Pipe1(
+		Of("value"),
+		LogEntryExit[string]("DisabledOperation"),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsRight(res))
+
+	// Should have no logs since level is ERROR
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Empty(t, logOutput, "Should have no logs when logging is disabled")
+}
+
+// TestLogEntryExitF tests custom entry/exit callbacks
+func TestLogEntryExitF(t *testing.T) {
+	var entryCount, exitCount int
+
+	onEntry := func(ctx context.Context) IO[context.Context] {
+		return func() context.Context {
+			entryCount++
+			return ctx
+		}
+	}
+
+	onExit := func(res Result[string]) ReaderIO[any] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IO[any] {
+			return func() any {
+				exitCount++
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	operation := F.Pipe1(
+		Of("test"),
+		LogEntryExitF(onEntry, onExit),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsRight(res))
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, entryCount, "Entry callback should be called once")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, exitCount, "Exit callback should be called once")
+}
+
+// TestLogEntryExitFWithError tests custom callbacks with error
+func TestLogEntryExitFWithError(t *testing.T) {
+	var entryCount, exitCount int
+	var capturedError error
+
+	onEntry := func(ctx context.Context) IO[context.Context] {
+		return func() context.Context {
+			entryCount++
+			return ctx
+		}
+	}
+
+	onExit := func(res Result[string]) ReaderIO[any] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IO[any] {
+			return func() any {
+				exitCount++
+				if result.IsLeft(res) {
+					_, capturedError = result.Unwrap(res)
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	testErr := errors.New("custom error")
+	operation := F.Pipe1(
+		Left[string](testErr),
+		LogEntryExitF(onEntry, onExit),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsLeft(res))
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, entryCount, "Entry callback should be called once")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, exitCount, "Exit callback should be called once")
+	assert.Equal(t, testErr, capturedError, "Should capture the error")
+}
+
+// TestLoggingIDUniqueness tests that logging IDs are unique
+func TestLoggingIDUniqueness(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	// Run multiple operations
+	for i := range 5 {
+		op := F.Pipe1(
+			Of(i),
+			LogEntryExit[int]("Operation"),
+		)
+		op(context.Background())()
+	}
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+
+	// Extract all IDs and verify they're unique
+	lines := strings.Split(logOutput, "\n")
+	ids := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		if strings.Contains(line, "ID=") {
+			// Extract ID value
+			parts := strings.Split(line, "ID=")
+			if len(parts) > 1 {
+				idPart := strings.Fields(parts[1])[0]
+				ids[idPart] = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Should have 5 unique IDs (one per operation)
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(ids), 5, "Should have at least 5 unique IDs")
+}
+
+// TestLogEntryExitWithContextLogger tests using logger from context
+func TestLogEntryExitWithContextLogger(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	contextLogger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+
+	ctx := logging.WithLogger(contextLogger)(context.Background())
+
+	operation := F.Pipe1(
+		Of("context value"),
+		LogEntryExit[string]("ContextOperation"),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(ctx)()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsRight(res))
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "[entering]")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "[exiting ]")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "ContextOperation")
+}
+
+// TestLogEntryExitTiming tests that duration is captured
+func TestLogEntryExitTiming(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	// Operation with delay
+	slowOp := func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+		return func() Result[string] {
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+			return result.Of("done")
+		}
+	}
+
+	operation := F.Pipe1(
+		slowOp,
+		LogEntryExit[string]("SlowOperation"),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsRight(res))
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "duration=")
+
+	// Verify duration is present in exit log
+	lines := strings.Split(logOutput, "\n")
+	var foundDuration bool
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		if strings.Contains(line, "[exiting ]") && strings.Contains(line, "duration=") {
+			foundDuration = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, foundDuration, "Exit log should contain duration")
+}
+
+// TestLogEntryExitChainedOperations tests complex chained operations
+func TestLogEntryExitChainedOperations(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	step1 := F.Pipe1(
+		Of(1),
+		LogEntryExit[int]("Step1"),
+	)
+
+	step2 := F.Flow3(
+		N.Mul(2),
+		Of,
+		LogEntryExit[int]("Step2"),
+	)
+
+	step3 := F.Flow3(
+		strconv.Itoa,
+		Of,
+		LogEntryExit[string]("Step3"),
+	)
+
+	pipeline := F.Pipe1(
+		step1,
+		Chain(F.Flow2(
+			step2,
+			Chain(step3),
+		)),
+	)
+
+	res := pipeline(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of("2"), res)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Step1")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Step2")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Step3")
+
+	// Verify all steps completed
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, strings.Count(logOutput, "[entering]"))
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, strings.Count(logOutput, "[exiting ]"))
+}
+
+// TestTapSLog tests basic TapSLog functionality
+func TestTapSLog(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	operation := F.Pipe2(
+		Of(42),
+		TapSLog[int]("Processing value"),
+		Map(N.Mul(2)),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(84), res)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Processing value")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=42")
+}
+
+// TestTapSLogInPipeline tests TapSLog in a multi-step pipeline
+func TestTapSLogInPipeline(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	step1 := F.Pipe2(
+		Of("hello"),
+		TapSLog[string]("Step 1: Initial value"),
+		Map(func(s string) string { return s + " world" }),
+	)
+
+	step2 := F.Pipe2(
+		step1,
+		TapSLog[string]("Step 2: After concatenation"),
+		Map(S.Size),
+	)
+
+	pipeline := F.Pipe1(
+		step2,
+		TapSLog[int]("Step 3: Final length"),
+	)
+
+	res := pipeline(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(11), res)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Step 1: Initial value")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=hello")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Step 2: After concatenation")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, `value="hello world"`)
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Step 3: Final length")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=11")
+}
+
+// TestTapSLogWithError tests that TapSLog logs errors (via SLog)
+func TestTapSLogWithError(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	testErr := errors.New("computation failed")
+	pipeline := F.Pipe2(
+		Left[int](testErr),
+		TapSLog[int]("Error logged"),
+		Map(N.Mul(2)),
+	)
+
+	res := pipeline(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsLeft(res))
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	// TapSLog uses SLog internally, which logs both successes and errors
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Error logged")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "error")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "computation failed")
+}
+
+// TestTapSLogWithStruct tests TapSLog with structured data
+func TestTapSLogWithStruct(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	type User struct {
+		ID   int
+		Name string
+	}
+
+	user := User{ID: 123, Name: "Alice"}
+	operation := F.Pipe2(
+		Of(user),
+		TapSLog[User]("User data"),
+		Map(func(u User) string { return u.Name }),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of("Alice"), res)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "User data")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "ID:123")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Name:Alice")
+}
+
+// TestTapSLogDisabled tests that TapSLog respects logger level
+func TestTapSLogDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	// Create logger with level that disables info logs
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelError, // Only log errors
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	operation := F.Pipe2(
+		Of(42),
+		TapSLog[int]("This should not be logged"),
+		Map(N.Mul(2)),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(84), res)
+
+	// Should have no logs since level is ERROR
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Empty(t, logOutput, "Should have no logs when logging is disabled")
+}
+
+// TestTapSLogWithContextLogger tests TapSLog using logger from context
+func TestTapSLogWithContextLogger(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	contextLogger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+
+	ctx := logging.WithLogger(contextLogger)(context.Background())
+
+	operation := F.Pipe2(
+		Of("test value"),
+		TapSLog[string]("Context logger test"),
+		Map(S.Size),
+	)
+
+	res := operation(ctx)()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(10), res)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Context logger test")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, `value="test value"`)
+}
+
+// TestSLogLogsSuccessValue tests that SLog logs successful Result values
+func TestSLogLogsSuccessValue(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Create a Result and log it
+	res1 := result.Of(42)
+	logged := SLog[int]("Result value")(res1)(ctx)()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(42), logged)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Result value")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=42")
+}
+
+// TestSLogLogsErrorValue tests that SLog logs error Result values
+func TestSLogLogsErrorValue(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	testErr := errors.New("test error")
+
+	// Create an error Result and log it
+	res1 := result.Left[int](testErr)
+	logged := SLog[int]("Result value")(res1)(ctx)()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsLeft(logged))
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Result value")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "error")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "test error")
+}
+
+// TestSLogWithCallbackCustomLevel tests SLogWithCallback with custom log level
+func TestSLogWithCallbackCustomLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelDebug,
+	}))
+
+	customCallback := func(ctx context.Context) *slog.Logger {
+		return logger
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Create a Result and log it with custom callback
+	res1 := result.Of(42)
+	logged := SLogWithCallback[int](slog.LevelDebug, customCallback, "Debug result")(res1)(ctx)()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(42), logged)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Debug result")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=42")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "level=DEBUG")
+}
+
+// TestSLogWithCallbackLogsError tests SLogWithCallback logs errors
+func TestSLogWithCallbackLogsError(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelWarn,
+	}))
+
+	customCallback := func(ctx context.Context) *slog.Logger {
+		return logger
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	testErr := errors.New("warning error")
+
+	// Create an error Result and log it with custom callback
+	res1 := result.Left[int](testErr)
+	logged := SLogWithCallback[int](slog.LevelWarn, customCallback, "Warning result")(res1)(ctx)()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsLeft(logged))
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Warning result")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "error")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "warning error")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "level=WARN")
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/reader.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/readerio"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/readerresult"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/errors"
@@ -26,10 +27,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/io"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ioeither"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ioresult"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
-	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerio"
 	RIOR "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerioresult"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readeroption"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ func MapTo[A, B any](b B) Operator[A, B] {
 //
 //go:inline
 func MonadChain[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[B] {
-	return RIOR.MonadChain(ma, f)
+	return RIOR.MonadChain(ma, WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 // Chain sequences two [ReaderIOResult] computations, where the second depends on the result of the first.
@@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ func MonadChain[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[
 //
 //go:inline
 func Chain[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
-	return RIOR.Chain(f)
+	return RIOR.Chain(WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 // MonadChainFirst sequences two [ReaderIOResult] computations but returns the result of the first.
@@ -177,12 +179,12 @@ func Chain[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
 //
 //go:inline
 func MonadChainFirst[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
-	return RIOR.MonadChainFirst(ma, f)
+	return RIOR.MonadChainFirst(ma, WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 //go:inline
 func MonadTap[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
-	return RIOR.MonadTap(ma, f)
+	return RIOR.MonadTap(ma, WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 // ChainFirst sequences two [ReaderIOResult] computations but returns the result of the first.
@@ -195,12 +197,12 @@ func MonadTap[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A]
 //
 //go:inline
 func ChainFirst[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
-	return RIOR.ChainFirst(f)
+	return RIOR.ChainFirst(WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 //go:inline
 func Tap[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
-	return RIOR.Tap(f)
+	return RIOR.Tap(WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 // Of creates a [ReaderIOResult] that always succeeds with the given value.
@@ -243,14 +245,14 @@ func MonadApPar[B, A any](fab ReaderIOResult[func(A) B], fa ReaderIOResult[A]) R
 
 	return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[B] {
 		// quick check for cancellation
-		if err := context.Cause(ctx); err != nil {
-			return ioeither.Left[B](err)
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return ioeither.Left[B](context.Cause(ctx))
 		}
 
 		return func() Result[B] {
 			// quick check for cancellation
-			if err := context.Cause(ctx); err != nil {
-				return either.Left[B](err)
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return either.Left[B](context.Cause(ctx))
 			}
 
 			// create sub-contexts for fa and fab, so they can cancel one other
@@ -382,7 +384,7 @@ func Ask() ReaderIOResult[context.Context] {
 // Returns a new ReaderIOResult with the chained computation.
 //
 //go:inline
-func MonadChainEitherK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f func(A) Either[B]) ReaderIOResult[B] {
+func MonadChainEitherK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f either.Kleisli[error, A, B]) ReaderIOResult[B] {
 	return RIOR.MonadChainEitherK(ma, f)
 }
 
@@ -395,7 +397,12 @@ func MonadChainEitherK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f func(A) Either[B]) Read
 // Returns a function that chains the Either-returning function.
 //
 //go:inline
-func ChainEitherK[A, B any](f func(A) Either[B]) Operator[A, B] {
+func ChainEitherK[A, B any](f either.Kleisli[error, A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
+	return RIOR.ChainEitherK[context.Context](f)
+}
+
+//go:inline
+func ChainResultK[A, B any](f either.Kleisli[error, A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
 	return RIOR.ChainEitherK[context.Context](f)
 }
 
@@ -409,12 +416,12 @@ func ChainEitherK[A, B any](f func(A) Either[B]) Operator[A, B] {
 // Returns a ReaderIOResult with the original value if both computations succeed.
 //
 //go:inline
-func MonadChainFirstEitherK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f func(A) Either[B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
+func MonadChainFirstEitherK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f either.Kleisli[error, A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
 	return RIOR.MonadChainFirstEitherK(ma, f)
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func MonadTapEitherK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f func(A) Either[B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
+func MonadTapEitherK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f either.Kleisli[error, A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
 	return RIOR.MonadTapEitherK(ma, f)
 }
 
@@ -427,12 +434,12 @@ func MonadTapEitherK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f func(A) Either[B]) Reader
 // Returns a function that chains the Either-returning function.
 //
 //go:inline
-func ChainFirstEitherK[A, B any](f func(A) Either[B]) Operator[A, A] {
+func ChainFirstEitherK[A, B any](f either.Kleisli[error, A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
 	return RIOR.ChainFirstEitherK[context.Context](f)
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func TapEitherK[A, B any](f func(A) Either[B]) Operator[A, A] {
+func TapEitherK[A, B any](f either.Kleisli[error, A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
 	return RIOR.TapEitherK[context.Context](f)
 }
 
@@ -445,7 +452,7 @@ func TapEitherK[A, B any](f func(A) Either[B]) Operator[A, A] {
 // Returns a function that chains Option-returning functions into ReaderIOResult.
 //
 //go:inline
-func ChainOptionK[A, B any](onNone func() error) func(func(A) Option[B]) Operator[A, B] {
+func ChainOptionK[A, B any](onNone func() error) func(option.Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
 	return RIOR.ChainOptionK[context.Context, A, B](onNone)
 }
 
@@ -527,7 +534,7 @@ func Never[A any]() ReaderIOResult[A] {
 // Returns a new ReaderIOResult with the chained IO computation.
 //
 //go:inline
-func MonadChainIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f func(A) IO[B]) ReaderIOResult[B] {
+func MonadChainIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f io.Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[B] {
 	return RIOR.MonadChainIOK(ma, f)
 }
 
@@ -540,7 +547,7 @@ func MonadChainIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f func(A) IO[B]) ReaderIOResu
 // Returns a function that chains the IO-returning function.
 //
 //go:inline
-func ChainIOK[A, B any](f func(A) IO[B]) Operator[A, B] {
+func ChainIOK[A, B any](f io.Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
 	return RIOR.ChainIOK[context.Context](f)
 }
 
@@ -554,12 +561,12 @@ func ChainIOK[A, B any](f func(A) IO[B]) Operator[A, B] {
 // Returns a ReaderIOResult with the original value after executing the IO.
 //
 //go:inline
-func MonadChainFirstIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f func(A) IO[B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
+func MonadChainFirstIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f io.Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
 	return RIOR.MonadChainFirstIOK(ma, f)
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func MonadTapIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f func(A) IO[B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
+func MonadTapIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f io.Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
 	return RIOR.MonadTapIOK(ma, f)
 }
 
@@ -572,12 +579,12 @@ func MonadTapIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f func(A) IO[B]) ReaderIOResult
 // Returns a function that chains the IO-returning function.
 //
 //go:inline
-func ChainFirstIOK[A, B any](f func(A) IO[B]) Operator[A, A] {
+func ChainFirstIOK[A, B any](f io.Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
 	return RIOR.ChainFirstIOK[context.Context](f)
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func TapIOK[A, B any](f func(A) IO[B]) Operator[A, A] {
+func TapIOK[A, B any](f io.Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
 	return RIOR.TapIOK[context.Context](f)
 }
 
@@ -590,7 +597,7 @@ func TapIOK[A, B any](f func(A) IO[B]) Operator[A, A] {
 // Returns a function that chains the IOResult-returning function.
 //
 //go:inline
-func ChainIOEitherK[A, B any](f func(A) IOResult[B]) Operator[A, B] {
+func ChainIOEitherK[A, B any](f ioresult.Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
 	return RIOR.ChainIOEitherK[context.Context](f)
 }
 
@@ -753,7 +760,7 @@ func Flap[B, A any](a A) Operator[func(A) B, B] {
 //
 //go:inline
 func Fold[A, B any](onLeft Kleisli[error, B], onRight Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
-	return RIOR.Fold(onLeft, onRight)
+	return RIOR.Fold(function.Flow2(onLeft, WithContext), function.Flow2(onRight, WithContext))
 }
 
 // GetOrElse extracts the value from a [ReaderIOResult], providing a default via a function if it fails.
@@ -765,7 +772,7 @@ func Fold[A, B any](onLeft Kleisli[error, B], onRight Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A,
 // Returns a function that converts a ReaderIOResult to a ReaderIO.
 //
 //go:inline
-func GetOrElse[A any](onLeft func(error) ReaderIO[A]) func(ReaderIOResult[A]) ReaderIO[A] {
+func GetOrElse[A any](onLeft readerio.Kleisli[error, A]) func(ReaderIOResult[A]) ReaderIO[A] {
 	return RIOR.GetOrElse(onLeft)
 }
 
@@ -858,32 +865,32 @@ func TapReaderResultK[A, B any](f readerresult.Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func MonadChainReaderIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f readerio.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) ReaderIOResult[B] {
+func MonadChainReaderIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f readerio.Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[B] {
 	return RIOR.MonadChainReaderIOK(ma, f)
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func ChainReaderIOK[A, B any](f readerio.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
+func ChainReaderIOK[A, B any](f readerio.Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
 	return RIOR.ChainReaderIOK(f)
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func MonadChainFirstReaderIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f readerio.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
+func MonadChainFirstReaderIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f readerio.Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
 	return RIOR.MonadChainFirstReaderIOK(ma, f)
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func MonadTapReaderIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f readerio.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
+func MonadTapReaderIOK[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f readerio.Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
 	return RIOR.MonadTapReaderIOK(ma, f)
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func ChainFirstReaderIOK[A, B any](f readerio.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
+func ChainFirstReaderIOK[A, B any](f readerio.Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
 	return RIOR.ChainFirstReaderIOK(f)
 }
 
 //go:inline
-func TapReaderIOK[A, B any](f readerio.Kleisli[context.Context, A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
+func TapReaderIOK[A, B any](f readerio.Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
 	return RIOR.TapReaderIOK(f)
 }
 
@@ -913,15 +920,15 @@ func Read[A any](r context.Context) func(ReaderIOResult[A]) IOResult[A] {
 //
 //go:inline
 func MonadChainLeft[A any](fa ReaderIOResult[A], f Kleisli[error, A]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
-	return RIOR.MonadChainLeft(fa, f)
+	return RIOR.MonadChainLeft(fa, WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 // ChainLeft is the curried version of [MonadChainLeft].
 // It returns a function that chains a computation on the left (error) side of a [ReaderIOResult].
 //
 //go:inline
-func ChainLeft[A any](f Kleisli[error, A]) func(ReaderIOResult[A]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
-	return RIOR.ChainLeft(f)
+func ChainLeft[A any](f Kleisli[error, A]) Operator[A, A] {
+	return RIOR.ChainLeft(WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 // MonadChainFirstLeft chains a computation on the left (error) side but always returns the original error.
@@ -934,12 +941,12 @@ func ChainLeft[A any](f Kleisli[error, A]) func(ReaderIOResult[A]) ReaderIOResul
 //
 //go:inline
 func MonadChainFirstLeft[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f Kleisli[error, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
-	return RIOR.MonadChainFirstLeft(ma, f)
+	return RIOR.MonadChainFirstLeft(ma, WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 //go:inline
 func MonadTapLeft[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f Kleisli[error, B]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
-	return RIOR.MonadTapLeft(ma, f)
+	return RIOR.MonadTapLeft(ma, WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 // ChainFirstLeft is the curried version of [MonadChainFirstLeft].
@@ -951,10 +958,212 @@ func MonadTapLeft[A, B any](ma ReaderIOResult[A], f Kleisli[error, B]) ReaderIOR
 //
 //go:inline
 func ChainFirstLeft[A, B any](f Kleisli[error, B]) Operator[A, A] {
-	return RIOR.ChainFirstLeft[A](f)
+	return RIOR.ChainFirstLeft[A](WithContextK(f))
 }
 
 //go:inline
 func TapLeft[A, B any](f Kleisli[error, B]) Operator[A, A] {
-	return RIOR.TapLeft[A](f)
+	return RIOR.TapLeft[A](WithContextK(f))
+}
+
+// Local transforms the context.Context environment before passing it to a ReaderIOResult computation.
+//
+// This is the Reader's local operation, which allows you to modify the environment
+// for a specific computation without affecting the outer context. The transformation
+// function receives the current context and returns a new context along with a
+// cancel function. The cancel function is automatically called when the computation
+// completes (via defer), ensuring proper cleanup of resources.
+//
+// The function checks for context cancellation before applying the transformation,
+// returning an error immediately if the context is already cancelled.
+//
+// This is useful for:
+//   - Adding timeouts or deadlines to specific operations
+//   - Adding context values for nested computations
+//   - Creating isolated context scopes
+//   - Implementing context-based dependency injection
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The value type of the ReaderIOResult
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: A function that transforms the context and returns a cancel function
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that runs the computation with the transformed context
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	import F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+//
+//	// Add a custom value to the context
+//	type key int
+//	const userKey key = 0
+//
+//	addUser := readerioresult.Local[string](func(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+//	    newCtx := context.WithValue(ctx, userKey, "Alice")
+//	    return newCtx, func() {} // No-op cancel
+//	})
+//
+//	getUser := readerioresult.FromReader(func(ctx context.Context) string {
+//	    if user := ctx.Value(userKey); user != nil {
+//	        return user.(string)
+//	    }
+//	    return "unknown"
+//	})
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    getUser,
+//	    addUser,
+//	)
+//	value, err := result(context.Background())()  // Returns ("Alice", nil)
+//
+// Timeout Example:
+//
+//	// Add a 5-second timeout to a specific operation
+//	withTimeout := readerioresult.Local[Data](func(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+//	    return context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
+//	})
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    fetchData,
+//	    withTimeout,
+//	)
+func Local[A any](f func(context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc)) Operator[A, A] {
+	return func(rr ReaderIOResult[A]) ReaderIOResult[A] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[A] {
+			return func() Result[A] {
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return result.Left[A](context.Cause(ctx))
+				}
+				otherCtx, otherCancel := f(ctx)
+				defer otherCancel()
+				return rr(otherCtx)()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// WithTimeout adds a timeout to the context for a ReaderIOResult computation.
+//
+// This is a convenience wrapper around Local that uses context.WithTimeout.
+// The computation must complete within the specified duration, or it will be
+// cancelled. This is useful for ensuring operations don't run indefinitely
+// and for implementing timeout-based error handling.
+//
+// The timeout is relative to when the ReaderIOResult is executed, not when
+// WithTimeout is called. The cancel function is automatically called when
+// the computation completes, ensuring proper cleanup. If the timeout expires,
+// the computation will receive a context.DeadlineExceeded error.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The value type of the ReaderIOResult
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - timeout: The maximum duration for the computation
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that runs the computation with a timeout
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	import (
+//	    "time"
+//	    F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+//	)
+//
+//	// Fetch data with a 5-second timeout
+//	fetchData := readerioresult.FromReader(func(ctx context.Context) Data {
+//	    // Simulate slow operation
+//	    select {
+//	    case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+//	        return Data{Value: "slow"}
+//	    case <-ctx.Done():
+//	        return Data{}
+//	    }
+//	})
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    fetchData,
+//	    readerioresult.WithTimeout[Data](5*time.Second),
+//	)
+//	value, err := result(context.Background())()  // Returns (Data{}, context.DeadlineExceeded) after 5s
+//
+// Successful Example:
+//
+//	quickFetch := readerioresult.Right(Data{Value: "quick"})
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    quickFetch,
+//	    readerioresult.WithTimeout[Data](5*time.Second),
+//	)
+//	value, err := result(context.Background())()  // Returns (Data{Value: "quick"}, nil)
+func WithTimeout[A any](timeout time.Duration) Operator[A, A] {
+	return Local[A](func(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+		return context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
+	})
+}
+
+// WithDeadline adds an absolute deadline to the context for a ReaderIOResult computation.
+//
+// This is a convenience wrapper around Local that uses context.WithDeadline.
+// The computation must complete before the specified time, or it will be
+// cancelled. This is useful for coordinating operations that must finish
+// by a specific time, such as request deadlines or scheduled tasks.
+//
+// The deadline is an absolute time, unlike WithTimeout which uses a relative
+// duration. The cancel function is automatically called when the computation
+// completes, ensuring proper cleanup. If the deadline passes, the computation
+// will receive a context.DeadlineExceeded error.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The value type of the ReaderIOResult
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - deadline: The absolute time by which the computation must complete
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that runs the computation with a deadline
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	import (
+//	    "time"
+//	    F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+//	)
+//
+//	// Operation must complete by 3 PM
+//	deadline := time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 15, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+//
+//	fetchData := readerioresult.FromReader(func(ctx context.Context) Data {
+//	    // Simulate operation
+//	    select {
+//	    case <-time.After(1 * time.Hour):
+//	        return Data{Value: "done"}
+//	    case <-ctx.Done():
+//	        return Data{}
+//	    }
+//	})
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    fetchData,
+//	    readerioresult.WithDeadline[Data](deadline),
+//	)
+//	value, err := result(context.Background())()  // Returns (Data{}, context.DeadlineExceeded) if past deadline
+//
+// Combining with Parent Context:
+//
+//	// If parent context already has a deadline, the earlier one takes precedence
+//	parentCtx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), time.Now().Add(1*time.Hour))
+//	defer cancel()
+//
+//	laterDeadline := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour)
+//	result := F.Pipe1(
+//	    fetchData,
+//	    readerioresult.WithDeadline[Data](laterDeadline),
+//	)
+//	value, err := result(parentCtx)()  // Will use parent's 1-hour deadline
+func WithDeadline[A any](deadline time.Time) Operator[A, A] {
+	return Local[A](func(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+		return context.WithDeadline(ctx, deadline)
+	})
 }

v2/context/readerioresult/reader_extended_test.go

@@ -567,15 +567,13 @@ func TestMemoize(t *testing.T) {
 	res1 := computation(context.Background())()
 	assert.True(t, E.IsRight(res1))
 	val1 := E.ToOption(res1)
-	v1, _ := O.Unwrap(val1)
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, v1)
+	assert.Equal(t, O.Of(1), val1)
 
 	// Second execution should return cached value
 	res2 := computation(context.Background())()
 	assert.True(t, E.IsRight(res2))
 	val2 := E.ToOption(res2)
-	v2, _ := O.Unwrap(val2)
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, v2)
+	assert.Equal(t, O.Of(1), val2)
 
 	// Counter should only be incremented once
 	assert.Equal(t, 1, counter)
@@ -739,9 +737,7 @@ func TestTraverseArray(t *testing.T) {
 		res := result(context.Background())()
 		assert.True(t, E.IsRight(res))
 		arrOpt := E.ToOption(res)
-		assert.True(t, O.IsSome(arrOpt))
-		resultArr, _ := O.Unwrap(arrOpt)
-		assert.Equal(t, []int{2, 4, 6}, resultArr)
+		assert.Equal(t, O.Of([]int{2, 4, 6}), arrOpt)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("TraverseArray with error", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -765,9 +761,7 @@ func TestSequenceArray(t *testing.T) {
 	res := result(context.Background())()
 	assert.True(t, E.IsRight(res))
 	arrOpt := E.ToOption(res)
-	assert.True(t, O.IsSome(arrOpt))
-	resultArr, _ := O.Unwrap(arrOpt)
-	assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, resultArr)
+	assert.Equal(t, O.Of([]int{1, 2, 3}), arrOpt)
 }
 
 func TestTraverseRecord(t *testing.T) {

v2/context/readerioresult/rec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerioresult
+
+import (
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	RIOR "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerioresult"
+)
+
+// TailRec implements stack-safe tail recursion for the context-aware ReaderIOResult monad.
+//
+// This function enables recursive computations that combine four powerful concepts:
+//   - Context awareness: Automatic cancellation checking via [context.Context]
+//   - Environment dependency (Reader aspect): Access to configuration, context, or dependencies
+//   - Side effects (IO aspect): Logging, file I/O, network calls, etc.
+//   - Error handling (Either aspect): Computations that can fail with an error
+//
+// The function uses an iterative loop to execute the recursion, making it safe for deep
+// or unbounded recursion without risking stack overflow. Additionally, it integrates
+// context cancellation checking through [WithContext], ensuring that recursive computations
+// can be cancelled gracefully.
+//
+// # How It Works
+//
+// TailRec takes a Kleisli arrow that returns Either[A, B]:
+//   - Left(A): Continue recursion with the new state A
+//   - Right(B): Terminate recursion successfully and return the final result B
+//
+// The function wraps each iteration with [WithContext] to ensure context cancellation
+// is checked before each recursive step. If the context is cancelled, the recursion
+// terminates early with a context cancellation error.
+//
+// # Type Parameters
+//
+//   - A: The state type that changes during recursion
+//   - B: The final result type when recursion terminates successfully
+//
+// # Parameters
+//
+//   - f: A Kleisli arrow (A => ReaderIOResult[Either[A, B]]) that:
+//   - Takes the current state A
+//   - Returns a ReaderIOResult that depends on [context.Context]
+//   - Can fail with error (Left in the outer Either)
+//   - Produces Either[A, B] to control recursion flow (Right in the outer Either)
+//
+// # Returns
+//
+// A Kleisli arrow (A => ReaderIOResult[B]) that:
+//   - Takes an initial state A
+//   - Returns a ReaderIOResult that requires [context.Context]
+//   - Can fail with error or context cancellation
+//   - Produces the final result B after recursion completes
+//
+// # Context Cancellation
+//
+// Unlike the base [readerioresult.TailRec], this version automatically integrates
+// context cancellation checking:
+//   - Each recursive iteration checks if the context is cancelled
+//   - If cancelled, recursion terminates immediately with a cancellation error
+//   - This prevents runaway recursive computations in cancelled contexts
+//   - Enables responsive cancellation for long-running recursive operations
+//
+// # Use Cases
+//
+//  1. Cancellable recursive algorithms:
+//     - Tree traversals that can be cancelled mid-operation
+//     - Graph algorithms with timeout requirements
+//     - Recursive parsers that respect cancellation
+//
+//  2. Long-running recursive computations:
+//     - File system traversals with cancellation support
+//     - Network operations with timeout handling
+//     - Database operations with connection timeout awareness
+//
+//  3. Interactive recursive operations:
+//     - User-initiated operations that can be cancelled
+//     - Background tasks with cancellation support
+//     - Streaming operations with graceful shutdown
+//
+// # Example: Cancellable Countdown
+//
+//	countdownStep := func(n int) readerioresult.ReaderIOResult[either.Either[int, string]] {
+//	    return func(ctx context.Context) ioeither.IOEither[error, either.Either[int, string]] {
+//	        return func() either.Either[error, either.Either[int, string]] {
+//	            if n <= 0 {
+//	                return either.Right[error](either.Right[int]("Done!"))
+//	            }
+//	            // Simulate some work
+//	            time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+//	            return either.Right[error](either.Left[string](n - 1))
+//	        }
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	countdown := readerioresult.TailRec(countdownStep)
+//
+//	// With cancellation
+//	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 500*time.Millisecond)
+//	defer cancel()
+//	result := countdown(10)(ctx)() // Will be cancelled after ~500ms
+//
+// # Example: Cancellable File Processing
+//
+//	type ProcessState struct {
+//	    files     []string
+//	    processed []string
+//	}
+//
+//	processStep := func(state ProcessState) readerioresult.ReaderIOResult[either.Either[ProcessState, []string]] {
+//	    return func(ctx context.Context) ioeither.IOEither[error, either.Either[ProcessState, []string]] {
+//	        return func() either.Either[error, either.Either[ProcessState, []string]] {
+//	            if len(state.files) == 0 {
+//	                return either.Right[error](either.Right[ProcessState](state.processed))
+//	            }
+//
+//	            file := state.files[0]
+//	            // Process file (this could be cancelled via context)
+//	            if err := processFileWithContext(ctx, file); err != nil {
+//	                return either.Left[either.Either[ProcessState, []string]](err)
+//	            }
+//
+//	            return either.Right[error](either.Left[[]string](ProcessState{
+//	                files:     state.files[1:],
+//	                processed: append(state.processed, file),
+//	            }))
+//	        }
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	processFiles := readerioresult.TailRec(processStep)
+//	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+//
+//	// Can be cancelled at any point during processing
+//	go func() {
+//	    time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+//	    cancel() // Cancel after 2 seconds
+//	}()
+//
+//	result := processFiles(ProcessState{files: manyFiles})(ctx)()
+//
+// # Stack Safety
+//
+// The iterative implementation ensures that even deeply recursive computations
+// (thousands or millions of iterations) will not cause stack overflow, while
+// still respecting context cancellation:
+//
+//	// Safe for very large inputs with cancellation support
+//	largeCountdown := readerioresult.TailRec(countdownStep)
+//	ctx := context.Background()
+//	result := largeCountdown(1000000)(ctx)() // Safe, no stack overflow
+//
+// # Performance Considerations
+//
+//   - Each iteration includes context cancellation checking overhead
+//   - Context checking happens before each recursive step
+//   - For performance-critical code, consider the cancellation checking cost
+//   - The [WithContext] wrapper adds minimal overhead for cancellation safety
+//
+// # See Also
+//
+//   - [readerioresult.TailRec]: Base tail recursion without automatic context checking
+//   - [WithContext]: Context cancellation wrapper used internally
+//   - [Chain]: For sequencing ReaderIOResult computations
+//   - [Ask]: For accessing the context
+//   - [Left]/[Right]: For creating error/success values
+//
+//go:inline
+func TailRec[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, either.Either[A, B]]) Kleisli[A, B] {
+	return RIOR.TailRec(F.Flow2(f, WithContext))
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/rec_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerioresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	A "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/array"
+	E "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestTailRec_BasicRecursion(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test basic countdown recursion
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[int, string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[int, string]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[int, string]] {
+				if n <= 0 {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[int]("Done!"))
+				}
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[string](n - 1))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result := countdown(5)(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]("Done!"), result)
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_FactorialRecursion(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test factorial computation using tail recursion
+	type FactorialState struct {
+		n   int
+		acc int
+	}
+
+	factorialStep := func(state FactorialState) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[FactorialState, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[FactorialState, int]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[FactorialState, int]] {
+				if state.n <= 1 {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[FactorialState](state.acc))
+				}
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[int](FactorialState{
+					n:   state.n - 1,
+					acc: state.acc * state.n,
+				}))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	factorial := TailRec(factorialStep)
+	result := factorial(FactorialState{n: 5, acc: 1})(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error](120), result) // 5! = 120
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_ErrorHandling(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that errors are properly propagated
+	testErr := errors.New("computation error")
+
+	errorStep := func(n int) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[int, string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[int, string]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[int, string]] {
+				if n == 3 {
+					return E.Left[E.Either[int, string]](testErr)
+				}
+				if n <= 0 {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[int]("Done!"))
+				}
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[string](n - 1))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	errorRecursion := TailRec(errorStep)
+	result := errorRecursion(5)(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.True(t, E.IsLeft(result))
+	err := E.ToError(result)
+	assert.Equal(t, testErr, err)
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_ContextCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that recursion gets cancelled early when context is canceled
+	var iterationCount int32
+
+	slowStep := func(n int) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[int, string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[int, string]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[int, string]] {
+				atomic.AddInt32(&iterationCount, 1)
+
+				// Simulate some work
+				time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+				if n <= 0 {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[int]("Done!"))
+				}
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[string](n - 1))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	slowRecursion := TailRec(slowStep)
+
+	// Create a context that will be cancelled after 100ms
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	result := slowRecursion(10)(ctx)()
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	// Should be cancelled and return an error
+	assert.True(t, E.IsLeft(result))
+
+	// Should complete quickly due to cancellation (much less than 10 * 50ms = 500ms)
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, 200*time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Should have executed only a few iterations before cancellation
+	iterations := atomic.LoadInt32(&iterationCount)
+	assert.Less(t, iterations, int32(5), "Should have been cancelled before completing all iterations")
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_ImmediateCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with an already cancelled context
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[int, string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[int, string]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[int, string]] {
+				if n <= 0 {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[int]("Done!"))
+				}
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[string](n - 1))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+
+	// Create an already cancelled context
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	result := countdown(5)(ctx)()
+
+	// Should immediately return a cancellation error
+	assert.True(t, E.IsLeft(result))
+	err := E.ToError(result)
+	assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_StackSafety(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that deep recursion doesn't cause stack overflow
+	const largeN = 10000
+
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[int, int]] {
+				if n <= 0 {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[int](0))
+				}
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[int](n - 1))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result := countdown(largeN)(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error](0), result)
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_StackSafetyWithCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test stack safety with cancellation after many iterations
+	const largeN = 100000
+	var iterationCount int32
+
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[int, int]] {
+				atomic.AddInt32(&iterationCount, 1)
+
+				// Add a small delay every 1000 iterations to make cancellation more likely
+				if n%1000 == 0 {
+					time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
+				}
+
+				if n <= 0 {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[int](0))
+				}
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[int](n - 1))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+
+	// Cancel after 50ms to allow some iterations but not all
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 50*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	result := countdown(largeN)(ctx)()
+
+	// Should be cancelled (or completed if very fast)
+	// The key is that it doesn't cause a stack overflow
+	iterations := atomic.LoadInt32(&iterationCount)
+	assert.Greater(t, iterations, int32(0))
+
+	// If it was cancelled, verify it didn't complete all iterations
+	if E.IsLeft(result) {
+		assert.Less(t, iterations, int32(largeN))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_ComplexState(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with more complex state management
+	type ProcessState struct {
+		items     []string
+		processed []string
+		errors    []error
+	}
+
+	processStep := func(state ProcessState) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[ProcessState, []string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[ProcessState, []string]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[ProcessState, []string]] {
+				if A.IsEmpty(state.items) {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[ProcessState](state.processed))
+				}
+
+				item := state.items[0]
+
+				// Simulate processing that might fail for certain items
+				if item == "error-item" {
+					return E.Left[E.Either[ProcessState, []string]](
+						fmt.Errorf("failed to process item: %s", item))
+				}
+
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[[]string](ProcessState{
+					items:     state.items[1:],
+					processed: append(state.processed, item),
+					errors:    state.errors,
+				}))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	processItems := TailRec(processStep)
+
+	t.Run("successful processing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		initialState := ProcessState{
+			items:     []string{"item1", "item2", "item3"},
+			processed: []string{},
+			errors:    []error{},
+		}
+
+		result := processItems(initialState)(context.Background())()
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]([]string{"item1", "item2", "item3"}), result)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("processing with error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		initialState := ProcessState{
+			items:     []string{"item1", "error-item", "item3"},
+			processed: []string{},
+			errors:    []error{},
+		}
+
+		result := processItems(initialState)(context.Background())()
+
+		assert.True(t, E.IsLeft(result))
+		err := E.ToError(result)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to process item: error-item")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_CancellationDuringProcessing(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test cancellation during a realistic processing scenario
+	type FileProcessState struct {
+		files     []string
+		processed int
+	}
+
+	var processedCount int32
+
+	processFileStep := func(state FileProcessState) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[FileProcessState, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[FileProcessState, int]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[FileProcessState, int]] {
+				if A.IsEmpty(state.files) {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[FileProcessState](state.processed))
+				}
+
+				// Simulate file processing time
+				time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+				atomic.AddInt32(&processedCount, 1)
+
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[int](FileProcessState{
+					files:     state.files[1:],
+					processed: state.processed + 1,
+				}))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	processFiles := TailRec(processFileStep)
+
+	// Create many files to process
+	files := make([]string, 20)
+	for i := range files {
+		files[i] = fmt.Sprintf("file%d.txt", i)
+	}
+
+	initialState := FileProcessState{
+		files:     files,
+		processed: 0,
+	}
+
+	// Cancel after 100ms (should allow ~5 files to be processed)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	result := processFiles(initialState)(ctx)()
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	// Should be cancelled
+	assert.True(t, E.IsLeft(result))
+
+	// Should complete quickly due to cancellation
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, 150*time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Should have processed some but not all files
+	processed := atomic.LoadInt32(&processedCount)
+	assert.Greater(t, processed, int32(0))
+	assert.Less(t, processed, int32(20))
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_ZeroIterations(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test case where recursion terminates immediately
+	immediateStep := func(n int) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[int, string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[int, string]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[int, string]] {
+				return E.Right[error](E.Right[int]("immediate"))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	immediate := TailRec(immediateStep)
+	result := immediate(100)(context.Background())()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]("immediate"), result)
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_ContextWithDeadline(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with context deadline
+	var iterationCount int32
+
+	slowStep := func(n int) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[int, string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[int, string]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[int, string]] {
+				atomic.AddInt32(&iterationCount, 1)
+				time.Sleep(30 * time.Millisecond)
+
+				if n <= 0 {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[int]("Done!"))
+				}
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[string](n - 1))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	slowRecursion := TailRec(slowStep)
+
+	// Set deadline 80ms from now
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), time.Now().Add(80*time.Millisecond))
+	defer cancel()
+
+	result := slowRecursion(10)(ctx)()
+
+	// Should be cancelled due to deadline
+	assert.True(t, E.IsLeft(result))
+
+	// Should have executed only a few iterations
+	iterations := atomic.LoadInt32(&iterationCount)
+	assert.Greater(t, iterations, int32(0))
+	assert.Less(t, iterations, int32(5))
+}
+
+func TestTailRec_ContextWithValue(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that context values are preserved through recursion
+	type contextKey string
+	const testKey contextKey = "test"
+
+	valueStep := func(n int) ReaderIOResult[E.Either[int, string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOEither[E.Either[int, string]] {
+			return func() Either[E.Either[int, string]] {
+				value := ctx.Value(testKey)
+				require.NotNil(t, value)
+				assert.Equal(t, "test-value", value.(string))
+
+				if n <= 0 {
+					return E.Right[error](E.Right[int]("Done!"))
+				}
+				return E.Right[error](E.Left[string](n - 1))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	valueRecursion := TailRec(valueStep)
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), testKey, "test-value")
+	result := valueRecursion(3)(ctx)()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]("Done!"), result)
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/resource.go

@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@
 package readerioresult
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+
 	RIOR "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerioresult"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
 )
 
 // WithResource constructs a function that creates a resource, then operates on it and then releases the resource.
@@ -55,3 +59,111 @@ import (
 func WithResource[A, R, ANY any](onCreate ReaderIOResult[R], onRelease Kleisli[R, ANY]) Kleisli[Kleisli[R, A], A] {
 	return RIOR.WithResource[A](onCreate, onRelease)
 }
+
+// onClose is a helper function that creates a ReaderIOResult for closing an io.Closer resource.
+// It safely calls the Close() method and handles any errors that may occur during closing.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: Must implement io.Closer interface
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - a: The resource to close
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - ReaderIOResult[any]: A computation that closes the resource and returns nil on success
+//
+// The function ignores the context parameter since closing operations typically don't need context.
+// Any error from Close() is captured and returned as a Result error.
+func onClose[A io.Closer](a A) ReaderIOResult[any] {
+	return func(_ context.Context) IOResult[any] {
+		return func() Result[any] {
+			return result.TryCatchError[any](nil, a.Close())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// WithCloser creates a resource management function specifically for io.Closer resources.
+// This is a specialized version of WithResource that automatically handles closing of resources
+// that implement the io.Closer interface.
+//
+// The function ensures that:
+//   - The resource is created using the onCreate function
+//   - The resource is automatically closed when the operation completes (success or failure)
+//   - Any errors during closing are properly handled
+//   - The resource is closed even if the main operation fails or the context is canceled
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - B: The type of value returned by the resource-using function
+//   - A: The type of resource that implements io.Closer
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - onCreate: ReaderIOResult that creates the io.Closer resource
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A function that takes a resource-using function and returns a ReaderIOResult[B]
+//
+// Example with file operations:
+//
+//	openFile := func(filename string) ReaderIOResult[*os.File] {
+//	    return TryCatch(func(ctx context.Context) func() (*os.File, error) {
+//	        return func() (*os.File, error) {
+//	            return os.Open(filename)
+//	        }
+//	    })
+//	}
+//
+//	fileReader := WithCloser(openFile("data.txt"))
+//	result := fileReader(func(f *os.File) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+//	    return TryCatch(func(ctx context.Context) func() (string, error) {
+//	        return func() (string, error) {
+//	            data, err := io.ReadAll(f)
+//	            return string(data), err
+//	        }
+//	    })
+//	})
+//
+// Example with HTTP response:
+//
+//	httpGet := func(url string) ReaderIOResult[*http.Response] {
+//	    return TryCatch(func(ctx context.Context) func() (*http.Response, error) {
+//	        return func() (*http.Response, error) {
+//	            return http.Get(url)
+//	        }
+//	    })
+//	}
+//
+//	responseReader := WithCloser(httpGet("https://api.example.com/data"))
+//	result := responseReader(func(resp *http.Response) ReaderIOResult[[]byte] {
+//	    return TryCatch(func(ctx context.Context) func() ([]byte, error) {
+//	        return func() ([]byte, error) {
+//	            return io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+//	        }
+//	    })
+//	})
+//
+// Example with database connection:
+//
+//	openDB := func(dsn string) ReaderIOResult[*sql.DB] {
+//	    return TryCatch(func(ctx context.Context) func() (*sql.DB, error) {
+//	        return func() (*sql.DB, error) {
+//	            return sql.Open("postgres", dsn)
+//	        }
+//	    })
+//	}
+//
+//	dbQuery := WithCloser(openDB("postgres://..."))
+//	result := dbQuery(func(db *sql.DB) ReaderIOResult[[]User] {
+//	    return TryCatch(func(ctx context.Context) func() ([]User, error) {
+//	        return func() ([]User, error) {
+//	            rows, err := db.QueryContext(ctx, "SELECT * FROM users")
+//	            if err != nil {
+//	                return nil, err
+//	            }
+//	            defer rows.Close()
+//	            return scanUsers(rows)
+//	        }
+//	    })
+//	})
+func WithCloser[B any, A io.Closer](onCreate ReaderIOResult[A]) Kleisli[Kleisli[A, B], B] {
+	return WithResource[B](onCreate, onClose[A])
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/retry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache LicensVersion 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerioresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	RIO "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/readerio"
+	R "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/retry"
+	RG "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/retry/generic"
+)
+
+// Retrying retries a ReaderIOResult computation according to a retry policy with context awareness.
+//
+// This function implements a retry mechanism for operations that depend on a [context.Context],
+// perform side effects (IO), and can fail (Result). It respects context cancellation, meaning
+// that if the context is cancelled during retry delays, the operation will stop immediately
+// and return the cancellation error.
+//
+// The retry loop will continue until one of the following occurs:
+//   - The action succeeds and the check function returns false (no retry needed)
+//   - The retry policy returns None (retry limit reached)
+//   - The check function returns false (indicating success or a non-retryable failure)
+//   - The context is cancelled (returns context.Canceled or context.DeadlineExceeded)
+//
+// Parameters:
+//
+//   - policy: A RetryPolicy that determines when and how long to wait between retries.
+//     The policy receives a RetryStatus on each iteration and returns an optional delay.
+//     If it returns None, retrying stops. Common policies include LimitRetries,
+//     ExponentialBackoff, and CapDelay from the retry package.
+//
+//   - action: A Kleisli arrow that takes a RetryStatus and returns a ReaderIOResult[A].
+//     This function is called on each retry attempt and receives information about the
+//     current retry state (iteration number, cumulative delay, etc.). The action depends
+//     on a context.Context and produces a Result[A]. The context passed to the action
+//     will be the same context used for retry delays, so cancellation is properly propagated.
+//
+//   - check: A predicate function that examines the Result[A] and returns true if the
+//     operation should be retried, or false if it should stop. This allows you to
+//     distinguish between retryable failures (e.g., network timeouts) and permanent
+//     failures (e.g., invalid input). Note that context cancellation errors will
+//     automatically stop retrying regardless of this function's return value.
+//
+// Returns:
+//
+//	A ReaderIOResult[A] that, when executed with a context, will perform the retry
+//	logic with context cancellation support and return the final result.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The type of the success value
+//
+// Context Cancellation:
+//
+// The retry mechanism respects context cancellation in two ways:
+//  1. During retry delays: If the context is cancelled while waiting between retries,
+//     the operation stops immediately and returns the context error.
+//  2. During action execution: If the action itself checks the context and returns
+//     an error due to cancellation, the retry loop will stop (assuming the check
+//     function doesn't force a retry on context errors).
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	// Create a retry policy: exponential backoff with a cap, limited to 5 retries
+//	policy := M.Concat(
+//	    retry.LimitRetries(5),
+//	    retry.CapDelay(10*time.Second, retry.ExponentialBackoff(100*time.Millisecond)),
+//	)(retry.Monoid)
+//
+//	// Action that fetches data, with retry status information
+//	fetchData := func(status retry.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+//	    return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+//	        return func() Result[string] {
+//	            // Check if context is cancelled
+//	            if ctx.Err() != nil {
+//	                return result.Left[string](ctx.Err())
+//	            }
+//	            // Simulate an HTTP request that might fail
+//	            if status.IterNumber < 3 {
+//	                return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("temporary error"))
+//	            }
+//	            return result.Of("success")
+//	        }
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	// Check function: retry on any error except context cancellation
+//	shouldRetry := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+//	    return result.IsLeft(r) && !errors.Is(result.GetLeft(r), context.Canceled)
+//	}
+//
+//	// Create the retrying computation
+//	retryingFetch := Retrying(policy, fetchData, shouldRetry)
+//
+//	// Execute with a cancellable context
+//	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+//	defer cancel()
+//	ioResult := retryingFetch(ctx)
+//	finalResult := ioResult()
+//
+// See also:
+//   - retry.RetryPolicy for available retry policies
+//   - retry.RetryStatus for information passed to the action
+//   - context.Context for context cancellation semantics
+//
+//go:inline
+func Retrying[A any](
+	policy R.RetryPolicy,
+	action Kleisli[R.RetryStatus, A],
+	check func(Result[A]) bool,
+) ReaderIOResult[A] {
+
+	// delayWithCancel implements a context-aware delay mechanism for retry operations.
+	// It creates a timeout context that will be cancelled when either:
+	//   1. The delay duration expires (normal case), or
+	//   2. The parent context is cancelled (early termination)
+	//
+	// The function waits on timeoutCtx.Done(), which will be signaled in either case:
+	//   - If the delay expires, timeoutCtx is cancelled by the timeout
+	//   - If the parent ctx is cancelled, timeoutCtx inherits the cancellation
+	//
+	// After the wait completes, we dispatch to the next action by calling ri(ctx)().
+	// This works correctly because the action is wrapped in WithContextK, which handles
+	// context cancellation by checking ctx.Err() and returning an appropriate error
+	// (context.Canceled or context.DeadlineExceeded) when the context is cancelled.
+	//
+	// This design ensures that:
+	//   - Retry delays respect context cancellation and terminate immediately
+	//   - The cancellation error propagates correctly through the retry chain
+	//   - No unnecessary delays occur when the context is already cancelled
+	delayWithCancel := func(delay time.Duration) RIO.Operator[R.RetryStatus, R.RetryStatus] {
+		return func(ri ReaderIO[R.RetryStatus]) ReaderIO[R.RetryStatus] {
+			return func(ctx context.Context) IO[R.RetryStatus] {
+				return func() R.RetryStatus {
+					// Create a timeout context that will be cancelled when either:
+					// - The delay duration expires, or
+					// - The parent context is cancelled
+					timeoutCtx, cancelTimeout := context.WithTimeout(ctx, delay)
+					defer cancelTimeout()
+
+					// Wait for either the timeout or parent context cancellation
+					<-timeoutCtx.Done()
+
+					// Dispatch to the next action with the original context.
+					// WithContextK will handle context cancellation correctly.
+					return ri(ctx)()
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// get an implementation for the types
+	return RG.Retrying(
+		RIO.Chain[Result[A], Result[A]],
+		RIO.Chain[R.RetryStatus, Result[A]],
+		RIO.Of[Result[A]],
+		RIO.Of[R.RetryStatus],
+		delayWithCancel,
+
+		policy,
+		WithContextK(action),
+		check,
+	)
+
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/retry_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerioresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+	R "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/retry"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// Helper function to create a test retry policy
+func testRetryPolicy() R.RetryPolicy {
+	return R.Monoid.Concat(
+		R.LimitRetries(5),
+		R.CapDelay(1*time.Second, R.ExponentialBackoff(10*time.Millisecond)),
+	)
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_SuccessOnFirstAttempt tests that Retrying succeeds immediately
+// when the action succeeds on the first attempt.
+func TestRetrying_SuccessOnFirstAttempt(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := testRetryPolicy()
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+			return func() Result[string] {
+				return result.Of("success")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	check := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+		return result.IsLeft(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	res := retrying(ctx)()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of("success"), res)
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_SuccessAfterRetries tests that Retrying eventually succeeds
+// after a few failed attempts.
+func TestRetrying_SuccessAfterRetries(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := testRetryPolicy()
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+			return func() Result[string] {
+				// Fail on first 3 attempts, succeed on 4th
+				if status.IterNumber < 3 {
+					return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("attempt %d failed", status.IterNumber))
+				}
+				return result.Of(fmt.Sprintf("success on attempt %d", status.IterNumber))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	check := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+		return result.IsLeft(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	res := retrying(ctx)()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of("success on attempt 3"), res)
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_ExhaustsRetries tests that Retrying stops after the retry limit
+// is reached and returns the last error.
+func TestRetrying_ExhaustsRetries(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := R.LimitRetries(3)
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+			return func() Result[string] {
+				return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("attempt %d failed", status.IterNumber))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	check := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+		return result.IsLeft(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	res := retrying(ctx)()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsLeft(res))
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("attempt 3 failed")), res)
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_ActionChecksContextCancellation tests that actions can check
+// the context and return early if it's cancelled.
+func TestRetrying_ActionChecksContextCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := R.LimitRetries(10)
+
+	attemptCount := 0
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+			return func() Result[string] {
+				attemptCount++
+
+				// Check context at the start of the action
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return result.Left[string](ctx.Err())
+				}
+
+				// Simulate work that might take time
+				time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+
+				// Check context again after work
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return result.Left[string](ctx.Err())
+				}
+
+				// Always fail to trigger retries
+				return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("attempt %d failed", status.IterNumber))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	check := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+		// Don't retry on context errors
+		val, err := result.Unwrap(r)
+		_ = val
+		if err != nil && (errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded)) {
+			return false
+		}
+		return result.IsLeft(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+
+	// Create a context that we'll cancel after a short time
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+
+	// Start the retry operation in a goroutine
+	resultChan := make(chan Result[string], 1)
+	go func() {
+		res := retrying(ctx)()
+		resultChan <- res
+	}()
+
+	// Cancel the context after allowing a couple attempts
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	cancel()
+
+	// Wait for the result
+	res := <-resultChan
+
+	// Should have stopped due to context cancellation
+	assert.True(t, result.IsLeft(res))
+
+	// Should have stopped early (not all 10 attempts)
+	assert.Less(t, attemptCount, 10, "Should stop retrying when action detects context cancellation")
+
+	// The error should be related to context cancellation or an early attempt
+	val, err := result.Unwrap(res)
+	_ = val
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_ContextCancelledBeforeStart tests that if the context is already
+// cancelled before starting, the operation fails immediately.
+func TestRetrying_ContextCancelledBeforeStart(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := testRetryPolicy()
+
+	attemptCount := 0
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+			return func() Result[string] {
+				attemptCount++
+				// Check context before doing work
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return result.Left[string](ctx.Err())
+				}
+				return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("attempt %d failed", status.IterNumber))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	check := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+		// Don't retry on context errors
+		val, err := result.Unwrap(r)
+		_ = val
+		if err != nil && errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			return false
+		}
+		return result.IsLeft(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+
+	// Create an already-cancelled context
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+	cancel()
+
+	res := retrying(ctx)()
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsLeft(res))
+	val, err := result.Unwrap(res)
+	_ = val
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, context.Canceled))
+
+	// Should have attempted at most once
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, attemptCount, 1)
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_ContextTimeoutInAction tests that actions respect context deadlines.
+func TestRetrying_ContextTimeoutInAction(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := R.LimitRetries(10)
+
+	attemptCount := 0
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+			return func() Result[string] {
+				attemptCount++
+
+				// Check context before doing work
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return result.Left[string](ctx.Err())
+				}
+
+				// Simulate some work
+				time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+				// Check context after work
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return result.Left[string](ctx.Err())
+				}
+
+				// Always fail to trigger retries
+				return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("attempt %d failed", status.IterNumber))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	check := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+		// Don't retry on context errors
+		val, err := result.Unwrap(r)
+		_ = val
+		if err != nil && (errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded)) {
+			return false
+		}
+		return result.IsLeft(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+
+	// Create a context with a short timeout
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(t.Context(), 150*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	startTime := time.Now()
+	res := retrying(ctx)()
+	elapsed := time.Since(startTime)
+
+	assert.True(t, result.IsLeft(res))
+
+	// Should have stopped before completing all 10 retries
+	assert.Less(t, attemptCount, 10, "Should stop retrying when action detects context timeout")
+
+	// Should have stopped around the timeout duration
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, 500*time.Millisecond, "Should stop soon after timeout")
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_CheckFunctionStopsRetry tests that the check function can
+// stop retrying even when errors occur.
+func TestRetrying_CheckFunctionStopsRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := testRetryPolicy()
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+			return func() Result[string] {
+				if status.IterNumber == 0 {
+					return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("retryable error"))
+				}
+				return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("permanent error"))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Only retry on "retryable error"
+	check := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+		return result.IsLeft(r) && result.Fold(
+			func(err error) bool { return err.Error() == "retryable error" },
+			func(string) bool { return false },
+		)(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	res := retrying(ctx)()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("permanent error")), res)
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_ExponentialBackoff tests that exponential backoff is applied.
+func TestRetrying_ExponentialBackoff(t *testing.T) {
+	// Use a policy with measurable delays
+	policy := R.Monoid.Concat(
+		R.LimitRetries(3),
+		R.ExponentialBackoff(50*time.Millisecond),
+	)
+
+	startTime := time.Now()
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+			return func() Result[string] {
+				if status.IterNumber < 2 {
+					return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("retry"))
+				}
+				return result.Of("success")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	check := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+		return result.IsLeft(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	res := retrying(ctx)()
+	elapsed := time.Since(startTime)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of("success"), res)
+	// With exponential backoff starting at 50ms:
+	// Iteration 0: no delay
+	// Iteration 1: 50ms delay
+	// Iteration 2: 100ms delay
+	// Total should be at least 150ms
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, 150*time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_ContextValuePropagation tests that context values are properly
+// propagated through the retry mechanism.
+func TestRetrying_ContextValuePropagation(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := R.LimitRetries(2)
+
+	type contextKey string
+	const requestIDKey contextKey = "requestID"
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+			return func() Result[string] {
+				// Extract value from context
+				requestID, ok := ctx.Value(requestIDKey).(string)
+				if !ok {
+					return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("missing request ID"))
+				}
+
+				if status.IterNumber < 1 {
+					return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("retry needed"))
+				}
+
+				return result.Of(fmt.Sprintf("processed request %s", requestID))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	check := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+		return result.IsLeft(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+
+	// Create context with a value
+	ctx := context.WithValue(t.Context(), requestIDKey, "12345")
+
+	res := retrying(ctx)()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of("processed request 12345"), res)
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_RetryStatusProgression tests that the RetryStatus is properly
+// updated on each iteration.
+func TestRetrying_RetryStatusProgression(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := testRetryPolicy()
+
+	var iterations []uint
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[int] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[int] {
+			return func() Result[int] {
+				iterations = append(iterations, status.IterNumber)
+				if status.IterNumber < 3 {
+					return result.Left[int](fmt.Errorf("retry"))
+				}
+				return result.Of(int(status.IterNumber))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	check := func(r Result[int]) bool {
+		return result.IsLeft(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	res := retrying(ctx)()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(3), res)
+	// Should have attempted iterations 0, 1, 2, 3
+	assert.Equal(t, []uint{0, 1, 2, 3}, iterations)
+}
+
+// TestRetrying_ContextCancelledDuringDelay tests that the retry operation
+// stops immediately when the context is cancelled during a retry delay,
+// even if there are still retries remaining according to the policy.
+func TestRetrying_ContextCancelledDuringDelay(t *testing.T) {
+	// Use a policy with significant delays to ensure we can cancel during the delay
+	policy := R.Monoid.Concat(
+		R.LimitRetries(10),
+		R.ConstantDelay(200*time.Millisecond),
+	)
+
+	attemptCount := 0
+
+	action := func(status R.RetryStatus) ReaderIOResult[string] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) IOResult[string] {
+			return func() Result[string] {
+				attemptCount++
+				// Always fail to trigger retries
+				return result.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("attempt %d failed", status.IterNumber))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Always retry on errors (don't check for context cancellation in check function)
+	check := func(r Result[string]) bool {
+		return result.IsLeft(r)
+	}
+
+	retrying := Retrying(policy, action, check)
+
+	// Create a context that we'll cancel during the retry delay
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
+
+	// Start the retry operation in a goroutine
+	resultChan := make(chan Result[string], 1)
+	startTime := time.Now()
+	go func() {
+		res := retrying(ctx)()
+		resultChan <- res
+	}()
+
+	// Wait for the first attempt to complete and the delay to start
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Cancel the context during the retry delay
+	cancel()
+
+	// Wait for the result
+	res := <-resultChan
+	elapsed := time.Since(startTime)
+
+	// Should have stopped due to context cancellation
+	assert.True(t, result.IsLeft(res))
+
+	// Should have attempted only once or twice (not all 10 attempts)
+	// because the context was cancelled during the delay
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, attemptCount, 2, "Should stop retrying when context is cancelled during delay")
+
+	// Should have stopped quickly after cancellation, not waiting for all delays
+	// With 10 retries and 200ms delays, it would take ~2 seconds without cancellation
+	// With cancellation during first delay, it should complete in well under 500ms
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, 500*time.Millisecond, "Should stop immediately when context is cancelled during delay")
+
+	// When context is cancelled during the delay, the retry mechanism
+	// detects the cancellation and returns a context error
+	val, err := result.Unwrap(res)
+	_ = val
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	// The error should be a context cancellation error since cancellation
+	// happened during the delay between retries
+	assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, context.Canceled), "Should return context.Canceled when cancelled during delay")
+}

v2/context/readerioresult/traverse.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package readerioresult
 import (
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/array"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/record"
 )
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ func TraverseArray[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Kleisli[[]A, []B] {
 		Map[[]B, func(B) []B],
 		Ap[[]B, B],
 
-		f,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ func TraverseRecord[K comparable, A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Kleisli[map[K]A, ma
 		Map[map[K]B, func(B) map[K]B],
 		Ap[map[K]B, B],
 
-		f,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ func MonadTraverseArraySeq[A, B any](as []A, f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[[]B
 		Map[[]B, func(B) []B],
 		ApSeq[[]B, B],
 		as,
-		f,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ func TraverseArraySeq[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Kleisli[[]A, []B] {
 		Of[[]B],
 		Map[[]B, func(B) []B],
 		ApSeq[[]B, B],
-		f,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ func MonadTraverseRecordSeq[K comparable, A, B any](as map[K]A, f Kleisli[A, B])
 		Map[map[K]B, func(B) map[K]B],
 		ApSeq[map[K]B, B],
 		as,
-		f,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ func TraverseRecordSeq[K comparable, A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Kleisli[map[K]A,
 		Map[map[K]B, func(B) map[K]B],
 		ApSeq[map[K]B, B],
 
-		f,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ func MonadTraverseArrayPar[A, B any](as []A, f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderIOResult[[]B
 		Map[[]B, func(B) []B],
 		ApPar[[]B, B],
 		as,
-		f,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ func TraverseArrayPar[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Kleisli[[]A, []B] {
 		Of[[]B],
 		Map[[]B, func(B) []B],
 		ApPar[[]B, B],
-		f,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ func TraverseRecordPar[K comparable, A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Kleisli[map[K]A,
 		Map[map[K]B, func(B) map[K]B],
 		ApPar[map[K]B, B],
 
-		f,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -286,7 +287,7 @@ func MonadTraverseRecordPar[K comparable, A, B any](as map[K]A, f Kleisli[A, B])
 		Map[map[K]B, func(B) map[K]B],
 		ApPar[map[K]B, B],
 		as,
-		f,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
 	)
 }
 

v2/context/readerioresult/type.go

@@ -18,12 +18,16 @@ package readerioresult
 import (
 	"context"
 
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/consumer"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/ioresult"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/readerresult"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/endomorphism"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/io"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/ioeither"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/lazy"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/prism"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readereither"
@@ -126,4 +130,11 @@ type (
 	ReaderResult[A any]       = readerresult.ReaderResult[A]
 	ReaderEither[R, E, A any] = readereither.ReaderEither[R, E, A]
 	ReaderOption[R, A any]    = readeroption.ReaderOption[R, A]
+
+	Endomorphism[A any] = endomorphism.Endomorphism[A]
+
+	Consumer[A any] = consumer.Consumer[A]
+
+	Prism[S, T any] = prism.Prism[S, T]
+	Lens[S, T any]  = lens.Lens[S, T]
 )

v2/context/readerresult/array.go

@@ -15,11 +15,14 @@
 
 package readerresult
 
-import "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readereither"
+import (
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readereither"
+)
 
 // TraverseArray transforms an array
 func TraverseArray[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Kleisli[[]A, []B] {
-	return readereither.TraverseArray(f)
+	return readereither.TraverseArray(F.Flow2(f, WithContext))
 }
 
 // TraverseArrayWithIndex transforms an array

v2/context/readerresult/bind.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ package readerresult
 
 import (
 	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
-	L "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens"
 	G "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readereither/generic"
 )
 
@@ -31,16 +30,26 @@ import (
 //	    TenantID string
 //	}
 //	result := readereither.Do(State{})
+//
+//go:inline
 func Do[S any](
 	empty S,
 ) ReaderResult[S] {
 	return G.Do[ReaderResult[S]](empty)
 }
 
-// Bind attaches the result of a computation to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2].
+// Bind attaches the result of an EFFECTFUL computation to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2].
 // This enables sequential composition where each step can depend on the results of previous steps
 // and access the context.Context from the environment.
 //
+// IMPORTANT: Bind is for EFFECTFUL FUNCTIONS that depend on context.Context.
+// The function parameter takes state and returns a ReaderResult[T], which is effectful because
+// it depends on context.Context (can be cancelled, has deadlines, carries values).
+//
+// For PURE FUNCTIONS (side-effect free), use:
+//   - BindResultK: For pure functions with errors (State -> (Value, error))
+//   - Let: For pure functions without errors (State -> Value)
+//
 // The setter function takes the result of the computation and returns a function that
 // updates the context from S1 to S2.
 //
@@ -78,14 +87,27 @@ func Do[S any](
 //	        },
 //	    ),
 //	)
+//
+//go:inline
 func Bind[S1, S2, T any](
 	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
 	f Kleisli[S1, T],
 ) Kleisli[ReaderResult[S1], S2] {
-	return G.Bind[ReaderResult[S1], ReaderResult[S2]](setter, f)
+	return G.Bind[ReaderResult[S1], ReaderResult[S2]](setter, F.Flow2(f, WithContext))
 }
 
-// Let attaches the result of a computation to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2]
+// Let attaches the result of a PURE computation to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2].
+//
+// IMPORTANT: Let is for PURE FUNCTIONS (side-effect free) that don't depend on context.Context.
+// The function parameter takes state and returns a value directly, with no errors or effects.
+//
+// For EFFECTFUL FUNCTIONS (that need context.Context), use:
+//   - Bind: For effectful ReaderResult computations (State -> ReaderResult[Value])
+//
+// For PURE FUNCTIONS with error handling, use:
+//   - BindResultK: For pure functions with errors (State -> (Value, error))
+//
+//go:inline
 func Let[S1, S2, T any](
 	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
 	f func(S1) T,
@@ -93,7 +115,10 @@ func Let[S1, S2, T any](
 	return G.Let[ReaderResult[S1], ReaderResult[S2]](setter, f)
 }
 
-// LetTo attaches the a value to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2]
+// LetTo attaches a constant value to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2].
+// This is a PURE operation (side-effect free) that simply sets a field to a constant value.
+//
+//go:inline
 func LetTo[S1, S2, T any](
 	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
 	b T,
@@ -102,15 +127,27 @@ func LetTo[S1, S2, T any](
 }
 
 // BindTo initializes a new state [S1] from a value [T]
+//
+//go:inline
 func BindTo[S1, T any](
 	setter func(T) S1,
-) Kleisli[ReaderResult[T], S1] {
+) Operator[T, S1] {
 	return G.BindTo[ReaderResult[S1], ReaderResult[T]](setter)
 }
 
+//go:inline
+func BindToP[S1, T any](
+	setter Prism[S1, T],
+) Operator[T, S1] {
+	return BindTo(setter.ReverseGet)
+}
+
 // ApS attaches a value to a context [S1] to produce a context [S2] by considering
 // the context and the value concurrently (using Applicative rather than Monad).
-// This allows independent computations to be combined without one depending on the result of the other.
+// This allows independent EFFECTFUL computations to be combined without one depending on the result of the other.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: ApS is for EFFECTFUL FUNCTIONS that depend on context.Context.
+// The ReaderResult parameter is effectful because it depends on context.Context.
 //
 // Unlike Bind, which sequences operations, ApS can be used when operations are independent
 // and can conceptually run in parallel.
@@ -145,6 +182,8 @@ func BindTo[S1, T any](
 //	        getTenantID,
 //	    ),
 //	)
+//
+//go:inline
 func ApS[S1, S2, T any](
 	setter func(T) func(S1) S2,
 	fa ReaderResult[T],
@@ -183,17 +222,24 @@ func ApS[S1, S2, T any](
 //	    readereither.Do(Person{Name: "Alice", Age: 25}),
 //	    readereither.ApSL(ageLens, getAge),
 //	)
+//
+//go:inline
 func ApSL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	fa ReaderResult[T],
 ) Kleisli[ReaderResult[S], S] {
 	return ApS(lens.Set, fa)
 }
 
 // BindL is a variant of Bind that uses a lens to focus on a specific field in the state.
-// It combines the lens-based field access with monadic composition, allowing you to:
+// It combines the lens-based field access with monadic composition for EFFECTFUL computations.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: BindL is for EFFECTFUL FUNCTIONS that depend on context.Context.
+// The function parameter returns a ReaderResult, which is effectful.
+//
+// It allows you to:
 // 1. Extract a field value using the lens
-// 2. Use that value in a computation that may fail
+// 2. Use that value in an effectful computation that may fail
 // 3. Update the field with the result
 //
 // Parameters:
@@ -227,15 +273,20 @@ func ApSL[S, T any](
 //	    readereither.Of[error](Counter{Value: 42}),
 //	    readereither.BindL(valueLens, increment),
 //	)
+//
+//go:inline
 func BindL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	f Kleisli[T, T],
 ) Kleisli[ReaderResult[S], S] {
-	return Bind(lens.Set, F.Flow2(lens.Get, f))
+	return Bind(lens.Set, F.Flow2(lens.Get, F.Flow2(f, WithContext)))
 }
 
 // LetL is a variant of Let that uses a lens to focus on a specific field in the state.
-// It applies a pure transformation to the focused field without any effects.
+// It applies a PURE transformation to the focused field without any effects.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: LetL is for PURE FUNCTIONS (side-effect free) that don't depend on context.Context.
+// The function parameter is a pure endomorphism (T -> T) with no errors or effects.
 //
 // Parameters:
 //   - lens: A lens that focuses on a field of type T within state S
@@ -262,15 +313,17 @@ func BindL[S, T any](
 //	    readereither.LetL(valueLens, double),
 //	)
 //	// result when executed will be Right(Counter{Value: 42})
+//
+//go:inline
 func LetL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
-	f func(T) T,
+	lens Lens[S, T],
+	f Endomorphism[T],
 ) Kleisli[ReaderResult[S], S] {
 	return Let(lens.Set, F.Flow2(lens.Get, f))
 }
 
 // LetToL is a variant of LetTo that uses a lens to focus on a specific field in the state.
-// It sets the focused field to a constant value.
+// It sets the focused field to a constant value. This is a PURE operation (side-effect free).
 //
 // Parameters:
 //   - lens: A lens that focuses on a field of type T within state S
@@ -296,8 +349,10 @@ func LetL[S, T any](
 //	    readereither.LetToL(debugLens, false),
 //	)
 //	// result when executed will be Right(Config{Debug: false, Timeout: 30})
+//
+//go:inline
 func LetToL[S, T any](
-	lens L.Lens[S, T],
+	lens Lens[S, T],
 	b T,
 ) Kleisli[ReaderResult[S], S] {
 	return LetTo(lens.Set, b)

v2/context/readerresult/cancel.go

@@ -19,14 +19,23 @@ import (
 	"context"
 
 	E "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 )
 
 // withContext wraps an existing ReaderResult and performs a context check for cancellation before deletating
 func WithContext[A any](ma ReaderResult[A]) ReaderResult[A] {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, A] {
-		if err := context.Cause(ctx); err != nil {
-			return E.Left[A](err)
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return E.Left[A](context.Cause(ctx))
 		}
 		return ma(ctx)
 	}
 }
+
+//go:inline
+func WithContextK[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Kleisli[A, B] {
+	return F.Flow2(
+		f,
+		WithContext,
+	)
+}

v2/context/readerresult/flip.go

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	RR "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult"
+)
+
+// SequenceReader swaps the order of environment parameters when the inner computation is a Reader.
+//
+// This function is specialized for the context.Context-based ReaderResult monad. It takes a
+// ReaderResult that produces a Reader and returns a reader.Kleisli that produces Results.
+// The context.Context is implicitly used as the outer environment type.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - R: The inner environment type (becomes outer after flip)
+//   - A: The success value type
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: A ReaderResult that takes context.Context and may produce a Reader[R, A]
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A reader.Kleisli[context.Context, R, Result[A]], which is func(context.Context) func(R) Result[A]
+//
+// The function preserves error handling from the outer ReaderResult layer. If the outer
+// computation fails, the error is propagated to the inner Result.
+//
+// Note: This is an inline wrapper around readerresult.SequenceReader, specialized for
+// context.Context as the outer environment type.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type Database struct {
+//	    ConnectionString string
+//	}
+//
+//	// Original: takes context, may fail, produces Reader[Database, string]
+//	original := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[reader.Reader[Database, string]] {
+//	    if ctx.Err() != nil {
+//	        return result.Error[reader.Reader[Database, string]](ctx.Err())
+//	    }
+//	    return result.Ok[error](func(db Database) string {
+//	        return fmt.Sprintf("Query on %s", db.ConnectionString)
+//	    })
+//	}
+//
+//	// Sequenced: takes context first, then Database
+//	sequenced := SequenceReader(original)
+//
+//	ctx := context.Background()
+//	db := Database{ConnectionString: "localhost:5432"}
+//
+//	// Apply context first to get a function that takes database
+//	dbReader := sequenced(ctx)
+//	// Then apply database to get the final result
+//	result := dbReader(db)
+//	// result is Result[string]
+//
+// Use Cases:
+//   - Dependency injection: Flip parameter order to inject context first, then dependencies
+//   - Testing: Separate context handling from business logic for easier testing
+//   - Composition: Enable point-free style by fixing the context parameter first
+//
+//go:inline
+func SequenceReader[R, A any](ma ReaderResult[Reader[R, A]]) reader.Kleisli[context.Context, R, Result[A]] {
+	return RR.SequenceReader(ma)
+}
+
+// TraverseReader transforms a value using a Reader function and swaps environment parameter order.
+//
+// This function combines mapping and parameter flipping in a single operation. It takes a
+// Reader function (pure computation without error handling) and returns a function that:
+// 1. Maps a ReaderResult[A] to ReaderResult[B] using the provided Reader function
+// 2. Flips the parameter order so R comes before context.Context
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - R: The inner environment type (becomes outer after flip)
+//   - A: The input value type
+//   - B: The output value type
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: A reader.Kleisli[R, A, B], which is func(R) func(A) B - a pure Reader function
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A function that takes ReaderResult[A] and returns Kleisli[R, B]
+//   - Kleisli[R, B] is func(R) ReaderResult[B], which is func(R) func(context.Context) Result[B]
+//
+// The function preserves error handling from the input ReaderResult. If the input computation
+// fails, the error is propagated without applying the transformation function.
+//
+// Note: This is a wrapper around readerresult.TraverseReader, specialized for context.Context.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type Config struct {
+//	    MaxRetries int
+//	}
+//
+//	// A pure Reader function that depends on Config
+//	formatMessage := func(cfg Config) func(int) string {
+//	    return func(value int) string {
+//	        return fmt.Sprintf("Value: %d, MaxRetries: %d", value, cfg.MaxRetries)
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	// Original computation that may fail
+//	computation := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[int] {
+//	    if ctx.Err() != nil {
+//	        return result.Error[int](ctx.Err())
+//	    }
+//	    return result.Ok[error](42)
+//	}
+//
+//	// Create a traversal that applies formatMessage and flips parameters
+//	traverse := TraverseReader[Config, int, string](formatMessage)
+//
+//	// Apply to the computation
+//	flipped := traverse(computation)
+//
+//	// Now we can provide Config first, then context
+//	cfg := Config{MaxRetries: 3}
+//	ctx := context.Background()
+//
+//	result := flipped(cfg)(ctx)
+//	// result is Result[string] containing "Value: 42, MaxRetries: 3"
+//
+// Use Cases:
+//   - Dependency injection: Inject configuration/dependencies before context
+//   - Testing: Separate pure business logic from context handling
+//   - Composition: Build pipelines where dependencies are fixed before execution
+//   - Point-free style: Enable partial application by fixing dependencies first
+//
+//go:inline
+func TraverseReader[R, A, B any](
+	f reader.Kleisli[R, A, B],
+) func(ReaderResult[A]) Kleisli[R, B] {
+	return RR.TraverseReader[context.Context](f)
+}

v2/context/readerresult/logging.go

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package readerresult provides logging utilities for the ReaderResult monad,
+// which combines the Reader monad (for dependency injection via context.Context)
+// with the Result monad (for error handling).
+//
+// The logging functions in this package allow you to log Result values (both
+// successes and errors) while preserving the functional composition style.
+package readerresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/logging"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+)
+
+// curriedLog creates a curried logging function that takes an slog.Attr and a context,
+// then logs the attribute with the specified log level and message.
+//
+// This is an internal helper function used to create the logging pipeline in a
+// point-free style. The currying allows for partial application in functional
+// composition.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - logLevel: The slog.Level at which to log (e.g., LevelInfo, LevelError)
+//   - cb: A callback function that retrieves a logger from the context
+//   - message: The log message to display
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A curried function that takes an slog.Attr, then a context, and performs logging
+func curriedLog(
+	logLevel slog.Level,
+	cb func(context.Context) *slog.Logger,
+	message string) func(slog.Attr) Reader[context.Context, struct{}] {
+	return F.Curry2(func(a slog.Attr, ctx context.Context) struct{} {
+		cb(ctx).LogAttrs(ctx, logLevel, message, a)
+		return struct{}{}
+	})
+}
+
+// SLogWithCallback creates a Kleisli arrow that logs a Result value using a custom
+// logger callback and log level. The Result value is logged and then returned unchanged,
+// making this function suitable for use in functional pipelines.
+//
+// This function logs both successful values and errors:
+//   - Success values are logged with the key "value"
+//   - Error values are logged with the key "error"
+//
+// The logging is performed as a side effect while preserving the Result value,
+// allowing it to be used in the middle of a computation pipeline without
+// interrupting the flow.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The type of the success value in the Result
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - logLevel: The slog.Level at which to log (e.g., LevelInfo, LevelDebug, LevelError)
+//   - cb: A callback function that retrieves a *slog.Logger from the context
+//   - message: The log message to display
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Kleisli arrow that takes a Result[A] and returns a ReaderResult[A]
+//     The returned ReaderResult, when executed with a context, logs the Result
+//     and returns it unchanged
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type User struct {
+//	    ID   int
+//	    Name string
+//	}
+//
+//	// Custom logger callback
+//	getLogger := func(ctx context.Context) *slog.Logger {
+//	    return slog.Default()
+//	}
+//
+//	// Create a logging function for debug level
+//	logDebug := SLogWithCallback[User](slog.LevelDebug, getLogger, "User data")
+//
+//	// Use in a pipeline
+//	ctx := context.Background()
+//	user := result.Of(User{ID: 123, Name: "Alice"})
+//	logged := logDebug(user)(ctx) // Logs: level=DEBUG msg="User data" value={ID:123 Name:Alice}
+//	// logged still contains the User value
+//
+// Example with error:
+//
+//	err := errors.New("user not found")
+//	userResult := result.Left[User](err)
+//	logged := logDebug(userResult)(ctx) // Logs: level=DEBUG msg="User data" error="user not found"
+//	// logged still contains the error
+func SLogWithCallback[A any](
+	logLevel slog.Level,
+	cb func(context.Context) *slog.Logger,
+	message string) Kleisli[Result[A], A] {
+
+	return F.Pipe1(
+		F.Flow2(
+			result.ToSLogAttr[A](),
+			curriedLog(logLevel, cb, message),
+		),
+		reader.Chain(reader.Sequence(F.Flow2( // this flow is basically the `MapTo` function with side effects
+			reader.Of[struct{}, Result[A]],
+			reader.Map[context.Context, struct{}, Result[A]],
+		))),
+	)
+
+}
+
+// SLog creates a Kleisli arrow that logs a Result value at INFO level using the
+// logger from the context. This is a convenience function that uses SLogWithCallback
+// with default settings.
+//
+// The Result value is logged and then returned unchanged, making this function
+// suitable for use in functional pipelines for debugging or monitoring purposes.
+//
+// This function logs both successful values and errors:
+//   - Success values are logged with the key "value"
+//   - Error values are logged with the key "error"
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The type of the success value in the Result
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - message: The log message to display
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Kleisli arrow that takes a Result[A] and returns a ReaderResult[A]
+//     The returned ReaderResult, when executed with a context, logs the Result
+//     at INFO level and returns it unchanged
+//
+// Example - Logging a successful computation:
+//
+//	ctx := context.Background()
+//
+//	// Simple value logging
+//	res := result.Of(42)
+//	logged := SLog[int]("Processing number")(res)(ctx)
+//	// Logs: level=INFO msg="Processing number" value=42
+//	// logged == result.Of(42)
+//
+// Example - Logging in a pipeline:
+//
+//	type User struct {
+//	    ID   int
+//	    Name string
+//	}
+//
+//	fetchUser := func(id int) result.Result[User] {
+//	    return result.Of(User{ID: id, Name: "Alice"})
+//	}
+//
+//	processUser := func(user User) result.Result[string] {
+//	    return result.Of(fmt.Sprintf("Processed: %s", user.Name))
+//	}
+//
+//	ctx := context.Background()
+//
+//	// Log at each step
+//	userResult := fetchUser(123)
+//	logged1 := SLog[User]("Fetched user")(userResult)(ctx)
+//	// Logs: level=INFO msg="Fetched user" value={ID:123 Name:Alice}
+//
+//	processed := result.Chain(processUser)(logged1)
+//	logged2 := SLog[string]("Processed user")(processed)(ctx)
+//	// Logs: level=INFO msg="Processed user" value="Processed: Alice"
+//
+// Example - Logging errors:
+//
+//	err := errors.New("database connection failed")
+//	errResult := result.Left[User](err)
+//	logged := SLog[User]("Database operation")(errResult)(ctx)
+//	// Logs: level=INFO msg="Database operation" error="database connection failed"
+//	// logged still contains the error
+//
+// Example - Using with context logger:
+//
+//	// Set up a custom logger in the context
+//	logger := slog.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, nil))
+//	ctx := logging.WithLogger(logger)(context.Background())
+//
+//	res := result.Of("important data")
+//	logged := SLog[string]("Critical operation")(res)(ctx)
+//	// Uses the logger from context to log the message
+//
+// Note: The function uses logging.GetLoggerFromContext to retrieve the logger,
+// which falls back to the global logger if no logger is found in the context.
+//
+//go:inline
+func SLog[A any](message string) Kleisli[Result[A], A] {
+	return SLogWithCallback[A](slog.LevelInfo, logging.GetLoggerFromContext, message)
+}
+
+//go:inline
+func TapSLog[A any](message string) Operator[A, A] {
+	return reader.Chain(SLog[A](message))
+}

v2/context/readerresult/logging_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerresult
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"log/slog"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/logging"
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// TestSLogLogsSuccessValue tests that SLog logs successful Result values
+func TestSLogLogsSuccessValue(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Create a Result and log it
+	res1 := result.Of(42)
+	logged := SLog[int]("Result value")(res1)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(42), logged)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Result value")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=42")
+}
+
+// TestSLogLogsErrorValue tests that SLog logs error Result values
+func TestSLogLogsErrorValue(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	testErr := errors.New("test error")
+
+	// Create an error Result and log it
+	res1 := result.Left[int](testErr)
+	logged := SLog[int]("Result value")(res1)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, res1, logged)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Result value")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "error")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "test error")
+}
+
+// TestSLogInPipeline tests SLog in a functional pipeline
+func TestSLogInPipeline(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// SLog takes a Result[A] and returns ReaderResult[A]
+	// So we need to start with a Result, apply SLog, then execute with context
+	res1 := result.Of(10)
+	logged := SLog[int]("Initial value")(res1)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(10), logged)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Initial value")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=10")
+}
+
+// TestSLogWithContextLogger tests SLog using logger from context
+func TestSLogWithContextLogger(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	contextLogger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+
+	ctx := logging.WithLogger(contextLogger)(context.Background())
+
+	res1 := result.Of("test value")
+	logged := SLog[string]("Context logger test")(res1)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of("test value"), logged)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Context logger test")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, `value="test value"`)
+}
+
+// TestSLogDisabled tests that SLog respects logger level
+func TestSLogDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	// Create logger with level that disables info logs
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelError, // Only log errors
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	res1 := result.Of(42)
+	logged := SLog[int]("This should not be logged")(res1)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(42), logged)
+
+	// Should have no logs since level is ERROR
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Empty(t, logOutput, "Should have no logs when logging is disabled")
+}
+
+// TestSLogWithStruct tests SLog with structured data
+func TestSLogWithStruct(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	type User struct {
+		ID   int
+		Name string
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	user := User{ID: 123, Name: "Alice"}
+
+	res1 := result.Of(user)
+	logged := SLog[User]("User data")(res1)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(user), logged)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "User data")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "ID:123")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Name:Alice")
+}
+
+// TestSLogWithCallbackCustomLevel tests SLogWithCallback with custom log level
+func TestSLogWithCallbackCustomLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelDebug,
+	}))
+
+	customCallback := func(ctx context.Context) *slog.Logger {
+		return logger
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Create a Result and log it with custom callback
+	res1 := result.Of(42)
+	logged := SLogWithCallback[int](slog.LevelDebug, customCallback, "Debug result")(res1)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(42), logged)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Debug result")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=42")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "level=DEBUG")
+}
+
+// TestSLogWithCallbackLogsError tests SLogWithCallback logs errors
+func TestSLogWithCallbackLogsError(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelWarn,
+	}))
+
+	customCallback := func(ctx context.Context) *slog.Logger {
+		return logger
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	testErr := errors.New("warning error")
+
+	// Create an error Result and log it with custom callback
+	res1 := result.Left[int](testErr)
+	logged := SLogWithCallback[int](slog.LevelWarn, customCallback, "Warning result")(res1)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, res1, logged)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Warning result")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "error")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "warning error")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "level=WARN")
+}
+
+// TestSLogChainedOperations tests SLog in chained operations
+func TestSLogChainedOperations(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// First log step 1
+	res1 := result.Of(5)
+	logged1 := SLog[int]("Step 1")(res1)(ctx)
+
+	// Then log step 2 with doubled value
+	res2 := result.Map(N.Mul(2))(logged1)
+	logged2 := SLog[int]("Step 2")(res2)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(10), logged2)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Step 1")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=5")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Step 2")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=10")
+}
+
+// TestSLogPreservesError tests that SLog preserves error through the pipeline
+func TestSLogPreservesError(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	testErr := errors.New("original error")
+
+	res1 := result.Left[int](testErr)
+	logged := SLog[int]("Logging error")(res1)(ctx)
+
+	// Apply map to verify error is preserved
+	res2 := result.Map(N.Mul(2))(logged)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, res1, res2)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Logging error")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "original error")
+}
+
+// TestSLogMultipleValues tests logging multiple different values
+func TestSLogMultipleValues(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{
+		Level: slog.LevelInfo,
+	}))
+	oldLogger := logging.SetLogger(logger)
+	defer logging.SetLogger(oldLogger)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Test with different types
+	intRes := SLog[int]("Integer")(result.Of(42))(ctx)
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(42), intRes)
+
+	strRes := SLog[string]("String")(result.Of("hello"))(ctx)
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of("hello"), strRes)
+
+	boolRes := SLog[bool]("Boolean")(result.Of(true))(ctx)
+	assert.Equal(t, result.Of(true), boolRes)
+
+	logOutput := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Integer")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=42")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "String")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=hello")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "Boolean")
+	assert.Contains(t, logOutput, "value=true")
+}

v2/context/readerresult/reader.go

@@ -18,9 +18,17 @@ package readerresult
 import (
 	"context"
 
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/chain"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readereither"
 )
 
+func FromReader[A any](r Reader[context.Context, A]) ReaderResult[A] {
+	return readereither.FromReader[error](r)
+}
+
 func FromEither[A any](e Either[A]) ReaderResult[A] {
 	return readereither.FromEither[context.Context](e)
 }
@@ -42,11 +50,11 @@ func Map[A, B any](f func(A) B) Operator[A, B] {
 }
 
 func MonadChain[A, B any](ma ReaderResult[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderResult[B] {
-	return readereither.MonadChain(ma, f)
+	return readereither.MonadChain(ma, F.Flow2(f, WithContext))
 }
 
 func Chain[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
-	return readereither.Chain(f)
+	return readereither.Chain(F.Flow2(f, WithContext))
 }
 
 func Of[A any](a A) ReaderResult[A] {
@@ -66,7 +74,7 @@ func FromPredicate[A any](pred func(A) bool, onFalse func(A) error) Kleisli[A, A
 }
 
 func OrElse[A any](onLeft Kleisli[error, A]) Kleisli[ReaderResult[A], A] {
-	return readereither.OrElse(onLeft)
+	return readereither.OrElse(F.Flow2(onLeft, WithContext))
 }
 
 func Ask() ReaderResult[context.Context] {
@@ -81,7 +89,7 @@ func ChainEitherK[A, B any](f func(A) Either[B]) func(ma ReaderResult[A]) Reader
 	return readereither.ChainEitherK[context.Context](f)
 }
 
-func ChainOptionK[A, B any](onNone func() error) func(func(A) Option[B]) Operator[A, B] {
+func ChainOptionK[A, B any](onNone func() error) func(option.Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, B] {
 	return readereither.ChainOptionK[context.Context, A, B](onNone)
 }
 
@@ -97,3 +105,197 @@ func Flap[B, A any](a A) Operator[func(A) B, B] {
 func Read[A any](r context.Context) func(ReaderResult[A]) Result[A] {
 	return readereither.Read[error, A](r)
 }
+
+// MonadMapTo executes a ReaderResult computation, discards its success value, and returns a constant value.
+// This is the monadic version that takes both the ReaderResult and the constant value as parameters.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: ReaderResult represents a side-effectful computation because it depends on context.Context,
+// which is effectful (can be cancelled, has deadlines, carries values). For this reason, MonadMapTo WILL
+// execute the original ReaderResult to allow any side effects to occur, then discard the success result
+// and return the constant value. If the original computation fails, the error is preserved.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The success type of the first ReaderResult (will be discarded if successful)
+//   - B: The type of the constant value to return on success
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The ReaderResult to execute (side effects will occur, success value discarded)
+//   - b: The constant value to return if ma succeeds
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A ReaderResult that executes ma, preserves errors, but replaces success values with b
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	type Config struct { Counter int }
+//	increment := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[int] {
+//	    // Side effect: log the operation
+//	    fmt.Println("incrementing")
+//	    return result.Of(5)
+//	}
+//	r := readerresult.MonadMapTo(increment, "done")
+//	result := r(context.Background()) // Prints "incrementing", returns Right("done")
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadMapTo[A, B any](ma ReaderResult[A], b B) ReaderResult[B] {
+	return MonadMap(ma, reader.Of[A](b))
+}
+
+// MapTo creates an operator that executes a ReaderResult computation, discards its success value,
+// and returns a constant value. This is the curried version where the constant value is provided first,
+// returning a function that can be applied to any ReaderResult.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: ReaderResult represents a side-effectful computation because it depends on context.Context,
+// which is effectful (can be cancelled, has deadlines, carries values). For this reason, MapTo WILL
+// execute the input ReaderResult to allow any side effects to occur, then discard the success result
+// and return the constant value. If the computation fails, the error is preserved.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The success type of the input ReaderResult (will be discarded if successful)
+//   - B: The type of the constant value to return on success
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - b: The constant value to return on success
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that executes a ReaderResult[A], preserves errors, but replaces success with b
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	logStep := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[int] {
+//	    fmt.Println("step executed")
+//	    return result.Of(42)
+//	}
+//	toDone := readerresult.MapTo[int, string]("done")
+//	pipeline := toDone(logStep)
+//	result := pipeline(context.Background()) // Prints "step executed", returns Right("done")
+//
+// Example - In a functional pipeline:
+//
+//	step1 := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[int] {
+//	    fmt.Println("processing")
+//	    return result.Of(1)
+//	}
+//	pipeline := F.Pipe1(
+//	    step1,
+//	    readerresult.MapTo[int, string]("complete"),
+//	)
+//	output := pipeline(context.Background()) // Prints "processing", returns Right("complete")
+//
+//go:inline
+func MapTo[A, B any](b B) Operator[A, B] {
+	return Map(reader.Of[A](b))
+}
+
+// MonadChainTo sequences two ReaderResult computations where the second ignores the first's success value.
+// This is the monadic version that takes both ReaderResults as parameters.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: ReaderResult represents a side-effectful computation because it depends on context.Context,
+// which is effectful (can be cancelled, has deadlines, carries values). For this reason, MonadChainTo WILL
+// execute the first ReaderResult to allow any side effects to occur, then discard the success result and
+// execute the second ReaderResult with the same context. If the first computation fails, the error is
+// returned immediately without executing the second computation.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The success type of the first ReaderResult (will be discarded if successful)
+//   - B: The success type of the second ReaderResult
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ma: The first ReaderResult to execute (side effects will occur, success value discarded)
+//   - b: The second ReaderResult to execute if ma succeeds
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A ReaderResult that executes ma, then b if ma succeeds, returning b's result
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	logStart := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[int] {
+//	    fmt.Println("starting")
+//	    return result.Of(1)
+//	}
+//	logEnd := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[string] {
+//	    fmt.Println("ending")
+//	    return result.Of("done")
+//	}
+//	r := readerresult.MonadChainTo(logStart, logEnd)
+//	result := r(context.Background()) // Prints "starting" then "ending", returns Right("done")
+//
+//go:inline
+func MonadChainTo[A, B any](ma ReaderResult[A], b ReaderResult[B]) ReaderResult[B] {
+	return MonadChain(ma, reader.Of[A](b))
+}
+
+// ChainTo creates an operator that sequences two ReaderResult computations where the second ignores
+// the first's success value. This is the curried version where the second ReaderResult is provided first,
+// returning a function that can be applied to any first ReaderResult.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: ReaderResult represents a side-effectful computation because it depends on context.Context,
+// which is effectful (can be cancelled, has deadlines, carries values). For this reason, ChainTo WILL
+// execute the first ReaderResult to allow any side effects to occur, then discard the success result and
+// execute the second ReaderResult with the same context. If the first computation fails, the error is
+// returned immediately without executing the second computation.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The success type of the first ReaderResult (will be discarded if successful)
+//   - B: The success type of the second ReaderResult
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - b: The second ReaderResult to execute after the first succeeds
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - An Operator that executes the first ReaderResult, then b if successful
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	logEnd := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[string] {
+//	    fmt.Println("ending")
+//	    return result.Of("done")
+//	}
+//	thenLogEnd := readerresult.ChainTo[int, string](logEnd)
+//
+//	logStart := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[int] {
+//	    fmt.Println("starting")
+//	    return result.Of(1)
+//	}
+//	pipeline := thenLogEnd(logStart)
+//	result := pipeline(context.Background()) // Prints "starting" then "ending", returns Right("done")
+//
+// Example - In a functional pipeline:
+//
+//	step1 := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[int] {
+//	    fmt.Println("step 1")
+//	    return result.Of(1)
+//	}
+//	step2 := func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[string] {
+//	    fmt.Println("step 2")
+//	    return result.Of("complete")
+//	}
+//	pipeline := F.Pipe1(
+//	    step1,
+//	    readerresult.ChainTo[int, string](step2),
+//	)
+//	output := pipeline(context.Background()) // Prints "step 1" then "step 2", returns Right("complete")
+//
+//go:inline
+func ChainTo[A, B any](b ReaderResult[B]) Operator[A, B] {
+	return Chain(reader.Of[A](b))
+}
+
+//go:inline
+func MonadChainFirst[A, B any](ma ReaderResult[A], f Kleisli[A, B]) ReaderResult[A] {
+	return chain.MonadChainFirst(
+		MonadChain,
+		MonadMap,
+		ma,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
+	)
+}
+
+//go:inline
+func ChainFirst[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, B]) Operator[A, A] {
+	return chain.ChainFirst(
+		Chain,
+		Map,
+		F.Flow2(f, WithContext),
+	)
+}

v2/context/readerresult/reader_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	E "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestMapTo(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("executes original reader and returns constant value on success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		executed := false
+		originalReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, int] {
+			executed = true
+			return E.Of[error](42)
+		}
+
+		// Apply MapTo operator
+		toDone := MapTo[int]("done")
+		resultReader := toDone(originalReader)
+
+		// Execute the resulting reader
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		// Verify the constant value is returned
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]("done"), result)
+		// Verify the original reader WAS executed (side effect occurred)
+		assert.True(t, executed, "original reader should be executed to allow side effects")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("executes reader in functional pipeline", func(t *testing.T) {
+		executed := false
+		step1 := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, int] {
+			executed = true
+			return E.Of[error](100)
+		}
+
+		pipeline := F.Pipe1(
+			step1,
+			MapTo[int]("complete"),
+		)
+
+		result := pipeline(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]("complete"), result)
+		assert.True(t, executed, "original reader should be executed in pipeline")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("executes reader with side effects", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sideEffectOccurred := false
+		readerWithSideEffect := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, int] {
+			sideEffectOccurred = true
+			return E.Of[error](42)
+		}
+
+		resultReader := MapTo[int](true)(readerWithSideEffect)
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error](true), result)
+		assert.True(t, sideEffectOccurred, "side effect should occur")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves errors from original reader", func(t *testing.T) {
+		executed := false
+		testErr := assert.AnError
+		failingReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, int] {
+			executed = true
+			return E.Left[int](testErr)
+		}
+
+		resultReader := MapTo[int]("done")(failingReader)
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Left[string](testErr), result)
+		assert.True(t, executed, "failing reader should still be executed")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMonadMapTo(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("executes original reader and returns constant value on success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		executed := false
+		originalReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, int] {
+			executed = true
+			return E.Of[error](42)
+		}
+
+		// Apply MonadMapTo
+		resultReader := MonadMapTo(originalReader, "done")
+
+		// Execute the resulting reader
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		// Verify the constant value is returned
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]("done"), result)
+		// Verify the original reader WAS executed (side effect occurred)
+		assert.True(t, executed, "original reader should be executed to allow side effects")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("executes complex computation with side effects", func(t *testing.T) {
+		computationExecuted := false
+		complexReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, string] {
+			computationExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error]("complex result")
+		}
+
+		resultReader := MonadMapTo(complexReader, 42)
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error](42), result)
+		assert.True(t, computationExecuted, "complex computation should be executed")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves errors from original reader", func(t *testing.T) {
+		executed := false
+		testErr := assert.AnError
+		failingReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, []string] {
+			executed = true
+			return E.Left[[]string](testErr)
+		}
+
+		resultReader := MonadMapTo(failingReader, 99)
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Left[int](testErr), result)
+		assert.True(t, executed, "failing reader should still be executed")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestChainTo(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("executes first reader then second reader on success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		firstExecuted := false
+		secondExecuted := false
+
+		firstReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, int] {
+			firstExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error](42)
+		}
+
+		secondReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, string] {
+			secondExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error]("result")
+		}
+
+		// Apply ChainTo operator
+		thenSecond := ChainTo[int](secondReader)
+		resultReader := thenSecond(firstReader)
+
+		// Execute the resulting reader
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		// Verify the second reader's result is returned
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]("result"), result)
+		// Verify both readers were executed
+		assert.True(t, firstExecuted, "first reader should be executed")
+		assert.True(t, secondExecuted, "second reader should be executed")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("executes both readers in functional pipeline", func(t *testing.T) {
+		firstExecuted := false
+		secondExecuted := false
+
+		step1 := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, int] {
+			firstExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error](100)
+		}
+
+		step2 := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, string] {
+			secondExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error]("complete")
+		}
+
+		pipeline := F.Pipe1(
+			step1,
+			ChainTo[int](step2),
+		)
+
+		result := pipeline(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]("complete"), result)
+		assert.True(t, firstExecuted, "first reader should be executed in pipeline")
+		assert.True(t, secondExecuted, "second reader should be executed in pipeline")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("executes first reader with side effects", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sideEffectOccurred := false
+		readerWithSideEffect := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, int] {
+			sideEffectOccurred = true
+			return E.Of[error](42)
+		}
+
+		secondReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, bool] {
+			return E.Of[error](true)
+		}
+
+		resultReader := ChainTo[int](secondReader)(readerWithSideEffect)
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error](true), result)
+		assert.True(t, sideEffectOccurred, "side effect should occur in first reader")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves error from first reader without executing second", func(t *testing.T) {
+		firstExecuted := false
+		secondExecuted := false
+		testErr := assert.AnError
+
+		failingReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, int] {
+			firstExecuted = true
+			return E.Left[int](testErr)
+		}
+
+		secondReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, string] {
+			secondExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error]("result")
+		}
+
+		resultReader := ChainTo[int](secondReader)(failingReader)
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Left[string](testErr), result)
+		assert.True(t, firstExecuted, "first reader should be executed")
+		assert.False(t, secondExecuted, "second reader should not be executed on error")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMonadChainTo(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("executes first reader then second reader on success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		firstExecuted := false
+		secondExecuted := false
+
+		firstReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, int] {
+			firstExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error](42)
+		}
+
+		secondReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, string] {
+			secondExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error]("result")
+		}
+
+		// Apply MonadChainTo
+		resultReader := MonadChainTo(firstReader, secondReader)
+
+		// Execute the resulting reader
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		// Verify the second reader's result is returned
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]("result"), result)
+		// Verify both readers were executed
+		assert.True(t, firstExecuted, "first reader should be executed")
+		assert.True(t, secondExecuted, "second reader should be executed")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("executes complex first computation with side effects", func(t *testing.T) {
+		firstExecuted := false
+		secondExecuted := false
+
+		complexFirstReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, []int] {
+			firstExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error]([]int{1, 2, 3})
+		}
+
+		secondReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, string] {
+			secondExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error]("done")
+		}
+
+		resultReader := MonadChainTo(complexFirstReader, secondReader)
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Of[error]("done"), result)
+		assert.True(t, firstExecuted, "complex first computation should be executed")
+		assert.True(t, secondExecuted, "second reader should be executed")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves error from first reader without executing second", func(t *testing.T) {
+		firstExecuted := false
+		secondExecuted := false
+		testErr := assert.AnError
+
+		failingReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, map[string]int] {
+			firstExecuted = true
+			return E.Left[map[string]int](testErr)
+		}
+
+		secondReader := func(ctx context.Context) E.Either[error, float64] {
+			secondExecuted = true
+			return E.Of[error](3.14)
+		}
+
+		resultReader := MonadChainTo(failingReader, secondReader)
+		result := resultReader(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, E.Left[float64](testErr), result)
+		assert.True(t, firstExecuted, "first reader should be executed")
+		assert.False(t, secondExecuted, "second reader should not be executed on error")
+	})
+}

v2/context/readerresult/rec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package readerresult implements a specialization of the Reader monad assuming a golang context as the context of the monad and a standard golang error
+package readerresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+)
+
+// TailRec implements tail-recursive computation for ReaderResult with context cancellation support.
+//
+// TailRec takes a Kleisli function that returns Either[A, B] and converts it into a stack-safe,
+// tail-recursive computation. The function repeatedly applies the Kleisli until it produces a Right value.
+//
+// The implementation includes a short-circuit mechanism that checks for context cancellation on each
+// iteration. If the context is canceled (ctx.Err() != nil), the computation immediately returns a
+// Left result containing the context's cause error, preventing unnecessary computation.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - A: The input type for the recursive step
+//   - B: The final result type
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - f: A Kleisli function that takes an A and returns a ReaderResult containing Either[A, B].
+//     When the result is Left[B](a), recursion continues with the new value 'a'.
+//     When the result is Right[A](b), recursion terminates with the final value 'b'.
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Kleisli function that performs the tail-recursive computation in a stack-safe manner.
+//
+// Behavior:
+//   - On each iteration, checks if the context has been canceled (short circuit)
+//   - If canceled, returns result.Left[B](context.Cause(ctx))
+//   - If the step returns Left[B](error), propagates the error
+//   - If the step returns Right[A](Left[B](a)), continues recursion with new value 'a'
+//   - If the step returns Right[A](Right[A](b)), terminates with success value 'b'
+//
+// Example - Factorial computation with context:
+//
+//	type State struct {
+//	    n   int
+//	    acc int
+//	}
+//
+//	factorialStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[either.Either[State, int]] {
+//	    return func(ctx context.Context) result.Result[either.Either[State, int]] {
+//	        if state.n <= 0 {
+//	            return result.Of(either.Right[State](state.acc))
+//	        }
+//	        return result.Of(either.Left[int](State{state.n - 1, state.acc * state.n}))
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	factorial := TailRec(factorialStep)
+//	result := factorial(State{5, 1})(ctx) // Returns result.Of(120)
+//
+// Example - Context cancellation:
+//
+//	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+//	cancel() // Cancel immediately
+//
+//	computation := TailRec(someStep)
+//	result := computation(initialValue)(ctx)
+//	// Returns result.Left[B](context.Cause(ctx)) without executing any steps
+//
+//go:inline
+func TailRec[A, B any](f Kleisli[A, either.Either[A, B]]) Kleisli[A, B] {
+	return func(a A) ReaderResult[B] {
+		initialReader := f(a)
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[B] {
+			rdr := initialReader
+			for {
+				// short circuit
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return result.Left[B](context.Cause(ctx))
+				}
+				current := rdr(ctx)
+				rec, e := either.Unwrap(current)
+				if either.IsLeft(current) {
+					return result.Left[B](e)
+				}
+				b, a := either.Unwrap(rec)
+				if either.IsRight(rec) {
+					return result.Of(b)
+				}
+				rdr = f(a)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

v2/context/readerresult/rec_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	A "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/array"
+	E "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	R "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// TestTailRecFactorial tests factorial computation with context
+func TestTailRecFactorial(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		n   int
+		acc int
+	}
+
+	factorialStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[E.Either[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[State, int]] {
+			if state.n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[State](state.acc))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](State{state.n - 1, state.acc * state.n}))
+		}
+	}
+
+	factorial := TailRec(factorialStep)
+	result := factorial(State{5, 1})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(120), result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecFibonacci tests Fibonacci computation
+func TestTailRecFibonacci(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		n    int
+		prev int
+		curr int
+	}
+
+	fibStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[E.Either[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[State, int]] {
+			if state.n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[State](state.curr))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](State{state.n - 1, state.curr, state.prev + state.curr}))
+		}
+	}
+
+	fib := TailRec(fibStep)
+	result := fib(State{10, 0, 1})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(89), result) // 10th Fibonacci number
+}
+
+// TestTailRecCountdown tests countdown computation
+func TestTailRecCountdown(t *testing.T) {
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](n - 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result := countdown(10)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(0), result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecImmediateTermination tests immediate termination (Right on first call)
+func TestTailRecImmediateTermination(t *testing.T) {
+	immediateStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			return R.Of(E.Right[int](n * 2))
+		}
+	}
+
+	immediate := TailRec(immediateStep)
+	result := immediate(42)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(84), result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecStackSafety tests that TailRec handles large iterations without stack overflow
+func TestTailRecStackSafety(t *testing.T) {
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](n - 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result := countdown(10000)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(0), result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecSumList tests summing a list
+func TestTailRecSumList(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		list []int
+		sum  int
+	}
+
+	sumStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[E.Either[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[State, int]] {
+			if A.IsEmpty(state.list) {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[State](state.sum))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](State{state.list[1:], state.sum + state.list[0]}))
+		}
+	}
+
+	sumList := TailRec(sumStep)
+	result := sumList(State{[]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, 0})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(15), result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecCollatzConjecture tests the Collatz conjecture
+func TestTailRecCollatzConjecture(t *testing.T) {
+	collatzStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			if n <= 1 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n))
+			}
+			if n%2 == 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Left[int](n / 2))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](3*n + 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	collatz := TailRec(collatzStep)
+	result := collatz(10)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(1), result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecGCD tests greatest common divisor
+func TestTailRecGCD(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		a int
+		b int
+	}
+
+	gcdStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[E.Either[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[State, int]] {
+			if state.b == 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[State](state.a))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](State{state.b, state.a % state.b}))
+		}
+	}
+
+	gcd := TailRec(gcdStep)
+	result := gcd(State{48, 18})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(6), result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecErrorPropagation tests that errors are properly propagated
+func TestTailRecErrorPropagation(t *testing.T) {
+	expectedErr := errors.New("computation error")
+
+	errorStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			if n == 5 {
+				return R.Left[E.Either[int, int]](expectedErr)
+			}
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](n - 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	computation := TailRec(errorStep)
+	result := computation(10)(context.Background())
+
+	assert.True(t, R.IsLeft(result))
+	_, err := R.Unwrap(result)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedErr, err)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextCancellationImmediate tests short circuit when context is already canceled
+func TestTailRecContextCancellationImmediate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel() // Cancel immediately before execution
+
+	stepExecuted := false
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			stepExecuted = true
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](n - 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result := countdown(10)(ctx)
+
+	// Should short circuit without executing any steps
+	assert.False(t, stepExecuted, "Step should not be executed when context is already canceled")
+	assert.True(t, R.IsLeft(result))
+	_, err := R.Unwrap(result)
+	assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextCancellationDuringExecution tests short circuit when context is canceled during execution
+func TestTailRecContextCancellationDuringExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	executionCount := 0
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			executionCount++
+			// Cancel after 3 iterations
+			if executionCount == 3 {
+				cancel()
+			}
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](n - 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result := countdown(100)(ctx)
+
+	// Should stop after cancellation
+	assert.True(t, R.IsLeft(result))
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, executionCount, 4, "Should stop shortly after cancellation")
+	_, err := R.Unwrap(result)
+	assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextWithTimeout tests behavior with timeout context
+func TestTailRecContextWithTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 50*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	executionCount := 0
+	slowStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			executionCount++
+			// Simulate slow computation
+			time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](n - 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	computation := TailRec(slowStep)
+	result := computation(100)(ctx)
+
+	// Should timeout and return error
+	assert.True(t, R.IsLeft(result))
+	assert.Less(t, executionCount, 100, "Should not complete all iterations due to timeout")
+	_, err := R.Unwrap(result)
+	assert.Equal(t, context.DeadlineExceeded, err)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextWithCause tests that context.Cause is properly returned
+func TestTailRecContextWithCause(t *testing.T) {
+	customErr := errors.New("custom cancellation reason")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancelCause(context.Background())
+	cancel(customErr)
+
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](n - 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result := countdown(10)(ctx)
+
+	assert.True(t, R.IsLeft(result))
+	_, err := R.Unwrap(result)
+	assert.Equal(t, customErr, err)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextCancellationMultipleIterations tests that cancellation is checked on each iteration
+func TestTailRecContextCancellationMultipleIterations(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	executionCount := 0
+	maxExecutions := 5
+
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			executionCount++
+			if executionCount == maxExecutions {
+				cancel()
+			}
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](n - 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result := countdown(1000)(ctx)
+
+	// Should detect cancellation on next iteration check
+	assert.True(t, R.IsLeft(result))
+	// Should stop within 1-2 iterations after cancellation
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, executionCount, maxExecutions+2)
+	_, err := R.Unwrap(result)
+	assert.Equal(t, context.Canceled, err)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecContextNotCanceled tests normal execution when context is not canceled
+func TestTailRecContextNotCanceled(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	executionCount := 0
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			executionCount++
+			if n <= 0 {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](n - 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result := countdown(10)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 11, executionCount) // 10, 9, 8, ..., 1, 0
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(0), result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecPowerOfTwo tests computing power of 2
+func TestTailRecPowerOfTwo(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		exponent int
+		result   int
+		target   int
+	}
+
+	powerStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[E.Either[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[State, int]] {
+			if state.exponent >= state.target {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[State](state.result))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](State{state.exponent + 1, state.result * 2, state.target}))
+		}
+	}
+
+	power := TailRec(powerStep)
+	result := power(State{0, 1, 10})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(1024), result) // 2^10
+}
+
+// TestTailRecFindInRange tests finding a value in a range
+func TestTailRecFindInRange(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		current int
+		max     int
+		target  int
+	}
+
+	findStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[E.Either[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[State, int]] {
+			if state.current >= state.max {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[State](-1)) // Not found
+			}
+			if state.current == state.target {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[State](state.current)) // Found
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](State{state.current + 1, state.max, state.target}))
+		}
+	}
+
+	find := TailRec(findStep)
+	result := find(State{0, 100, 42})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(42), result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecFindNotInRange tests finding a value not in range
+func TestTailRecFindNotInRange(t *testing.T) {
+	type State struct {
+		current int
+		max     int
+		target  int
+	}
+
+	findStep := func(state State) ReaderResult[E.Either[State, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[State, int]] {
+			if state.current >= state.max {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[State](-1)) // Not found
+			}
+			if state.current == state.target {
+				return R.Of(E.Right[State](state.current)) // Found
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](State{state.current + 1, state.max, state.target}))
+		}
+	}
+
+	find := TailRec(findStep)
+	result := find(State{0, 100, 200})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(-1), result)
+}
+
+// TestTailRecWithContextValue tests that context values are accessible
+func TestTailRecWithContextValue(t *testing.T) {
+	type contextKey string
+	const multiplierKey contextKey = "multiplier"
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), multiplierKey, 3)
+
+	countdownStep := func(n int) ReaderResult[E.Either[int, int]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[int, int]] {
+			if n <= 0 {
+				multiplier := ctx.Value(multiplierKey).(int)
+				return R.Of(E.Right[int](n * multiplier))
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[int](n - 1))
+		}
+	}
+
+	countdown := TailRec(countdownStep)
+	result := countdown(5)(ctx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of(0), result) // 0 * 3 = 0
+}
+
+// TestTailRecComplexState tests with complex state structure
+func TestTailRecComplexState(t *testing.T) {
+	type ComplexState struct {
+		counter   int
+		sum       int
+		product   int
+		completed bool
+	}
+
+	complexStep := func(state ComplexState) ReaderResult[E.Either[ComplexState, string]] {
+		return func(ctx context.Context) Result[E.Either[ComplexState, string]] {
+			if state.counter <= 0 || state.completed {
+				result := fmt.Sprintf("sum=%d, product=%d", state.sum, state.product)
+				return R.Of(E.Right[ComplexState](result))
+			}
+			newState := ComplexState{
+				counter:   state.counter - 1,
+				sum:       state.sum + state.counter,
+				product:   state.product * state.counter,
+				completed: state.counter == 1,
+			}
+			return R.Of(E.Left[string](newState))
+		}
+	}
+
+	computation := TailRec(complexStep)
+	result := computation(ComplexState{5, 0, 1, false})(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, R.Of("sum=15, product=120"), result)
+}

v2/context/readerresult/retry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache LicensVersion 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package readerresult
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	RD "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
+	R "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/retry"
+	RG "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/retry/generic"
+)
+
+//go:inline
+func Retrying[A any](
+	policy R.RetryPolicy,
+	action Kleisli[R.RetryStatus, A],
+	check func(Result[A]) bool,
+) ReaderResult[A] {
+
+	// delayWithCancel implements a context-aware delay mechanism for retry operations.
+	// It creates a timeout context that will be cancelled when either:
+	//   1. The delay duration expires (normal case), or
+	//   2. The parent context is cancelled (early termination)
+	//
+	// The function waits on timeoutCtx.Done(), which will be signaled in either case:
+	//   - If the delay expires, timeoutCtx is cancelled by the timeout
+	//   - If the parent ctx is cancelled, timeoutCtx inherits the cancellation
+	//
+	// After the wait completes, we dispatch to the next action by calling ri(ctx)().
+	// This works correctly because the action is wrapped in WithContextK, which handles
+	// context cancellation by checking ctx.Err() and returning an appropriate error
+	// (context.Canceled or context.DeadlineExceeded) when the context is cancelled.
+	//
+	// This design ensures that:
+	//   - Retry delays respect context cancellation and terminate immediately
+	//   - The cancellation error propagates correctly through the retry chain
+	//   - No unnecessary delays occur when the context is already cancelled
+	delayWithCancel := func(delay time.Duration) RD.Operator[context.Context, R.RetryStatus, R.RetryStatus] {
+		return func(ri Reader[context.Context, R.RetryStatus]) Reader[context.Context, R.RetryStatus] {
+			return func(ctx context.Context) R.RetryStatus {
+				// Create a timeout context that will be cancelled when either:
+				// - The delay duration expires, or
+				// - The parent context is cancelled
+				timeoutCtx, cancelTimeout := context.WithTimeout(ctx, delay)
+				defer cancelTimeout()
+
+				// Wait for either the timeout or parent context cancellation
+				<-timeoutCtx.Done()
+
+				// Dispatch to the next action with the original context.
+				// WithContextK will handle context cancellation correctly.
+				return ri(ctx)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// get an implementation for the types
+	return RG.Retrying(
+		RD.Chain[context.Context, Result[A], Result[A]],
+		RD.Chain[context.Context, R.RetryStatus, Result[A]],
+		RD.Of[context.Context, Result[A]],
+		RD.Of[context.Context, R.RetryStatus],
+		delayWithCancel,
+
+		policy,
+		WithContextK(action),
+		check,
+	)
+
+}

v2/context/readerresult/type.go

@@ -13,13 +13,40 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-// package readerresult implements a specialization of the Reader monad assuming a golang context as the context of the monad and a standard golang error
+// Package readerresult implements a specialization of the Reader monad assuming a golang context as the context of the monad and a standard golang error.
+//
+// # Pure vs Effectful Functions
+//
+// This package distinguishes between pure (side-effect free) and effectful (side-effectful) functions:
+//
+// EFFECTFUL FUNCTIONS (depend on context.Context):
+//   - ReaderResult[A]: func(context.Context) (A, error) - Effectful computation that needs context
+//   - These functions are effectful because context.Context is effectful (can be cancelled, has deadlines, carries values)
+//   - Use for: operations that need cancellation, timeouts, context values, or any context-dependent behavior
+//   - Examples: database queries, HTTP requests, operations that respect cancellation
+//
+// PURE FUNCTIONS (side-effect free):
+//   - func(State) (Value, error) - Pure computation that only depends on state, not context
+//   - func(State) Value - Pure transformation without errors
+//   - These functions are pure because they only read from their input state and don't depend on external context
+//   - Use for: parsing, validation, calculations, data transformations that don't need context
+//   - Examples: JSON parsing, input validation, mathematical computations
+//
+// The package provides different bind operations for each:
+//   - Bind: For effectful ReaderResult computations (State -> ReaderResult[Value])
+//   - BindResultK: For pure functions with errors (State -> (Value, error))
+//   - Let: For pure functions without errors (State -> Value)
+//   - BindReaderK: For context-dependent pure functions (State -> Reader[Context, Value])
+//   - BindEitherK: For pure Result/Either values (State -> Result[Value])
 package readerresult
 
 import (
 	"context"
 
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/either"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/endomorphism"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/lens"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/optics/prism"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/reader"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readereither"
@@ -27,12 +54,16 @@ import (
 )
 
 type (
-	Option[A any] = option.Option[A]
-	Either[A any] = either.Either[error, A]
-	Result[A any] = result.Result[A]
+	Option[A any]    = option.Option[A]
+	Either[A any]    = either.Either[error, A]
+	Result[A any]    = result.Result[A]
+	Reader[R, A any] = reader.Reader[R, A]
 	// ReaderResult is a specialization of the Reader monad for the typical golang scenario
 	ReaderResult[A any] = readereither.ReaderEither[context.Context, error, A]
 
-	Kleisli[A, B any]  = reader.Reader[A, ReaderResult[B]]
-	Operator[A, B any] = Kleisli[ReaderResult[A], B]
+	Kleisli[A, B any]   = reader.Reader[A, ReaderResult[B]]
+	Operator[A, B any]  = Kleisli[ReaderResult[A], B]
+	Endomorphism[A any] = endomorphism.Endomorphism[A]
+	Prism[S, T any]     = prism.Prism[S, T]
+	Lens[S, T any]      = lens.Lens[S, T]
 )

v2/context/statereaderioresult/resource_test.go

@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ import (
 
 // resourceState tracks the lifecycle of resources for testing
 type resourceState struct {
-	resourcesCreated int
+	resourcesCreated  int
 	resourcesReleased int
-	lastError        error
+	lastError         error
 }
 
 // mockResource represents a test resource

v2/context/statereaderioresult/state.go

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func Of[S, A any](a A) StateReaderIOResult[S, A] {
 //
 //	result := statereaderioresult.MonadMap(
 //	    statereaderioresult.Of[AppState](21),
-//	    func(x int) int { return x * 2 },
+//	    N.Mul(2),
 //	) // Result contains 42
 func MonadMap[S, A, B any](fa StateReaderIOResult[S, A], f func(A) B) StateReaderIOResult[S, B] {
 	return statet.MonadMap[StateReaderIOResult[S, A], StateReaderIOResult[S, B]](
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func MonadMap[S, A, B any](fa StateReaderIOResult[S, A], f func(A) B) StateReade
 //
 // Example:
 //
-//	double := statereaderioresult.Map[AppState](func(x int) int { return x * 2 })
+//	double := statereaderioresult.Map[AppState](N.Mul(2))
 //	result := function.Pipe1(statereaderioresult.Of[AppState](21), double)
 func Map[S, A, B any](f func(A) B) Operator[S, A, B] {
 	return statet.Map[StateReaderIOResult[S, A], StateReaderIOResult[S, B]](
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func Chain[S, A, B any](f Kleisli[S, A, B]) Operator[S, A, B] {
 //
 // Example:
 //
-//	fab := statereaderioresult.Of[AppState](func(x int) int { return x * 2 })
+//	fab := statereaderioresult.Of[AppState](N.Mul(2))
 //	fa := statereaderioresult.Of[AppState](21)
 //	result := statereaderioresult.MonadAp(fab, fa) // Result contains 42
 func MonadAp[B, S, A any](fab StateReaderIOResult[S, func(A) B], fa StateReaderIOResult[S, A]) StateReaderIOResult[S, B] {

v2/context/statereaderioresult/statereaderioresult_test.go

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ func TestFromState(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.True(t, RES.IsRight(res))
 	RES.Map(func(p P.Pair[testState, int]) P.Pair[testState, int] {
-		assert.Equal(t, 11, P.Tail(p)) // Incremented value
+		assert.Equal(t, 11, P.Tail(p))         // Incremented value
 		assert.Equal(t, 11, P.Head(p).counter) // State updated
 		return p
 	})(res)
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ func TestStatefulComputation(t *testing.T) {
 	res := result(initialState)(ctx)()
 	assert.True(t, RES.IsRight(res))
 	RES.Map(func(p P.Pair[testState, int]) P.Pair[testState, int] {
-		assert.Equal(t, 3, P.Tail(p)) // Last incremented value
+		assert.Equal(t, 3, P.Tail(p))         // Last incremented value
 		assert.Equal(t, 3, P.Head(p).counter) // State updated three times
 		return p
 	})(res)

v2/context/statereaderioresult/testing/laws.go

@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"
 
+	RIORES "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/readerioresult"
+	ST "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/statereaderioresult"
 	EQ "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/eq"
 	L "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/monad/testing"
 	P "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/pair"
 	RES "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/result"
-	RIORES "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/readerioresult"
-	ST "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/context/statereaderioresult"
 )
 
 // AssertLaws asserts the monad laws for the StateReaderIOResult monad

v2/coverage.txt

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/from.go:33.70,35.2 1 1
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/from.go:45.80,47.2 1 1
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/from.go:57.92,59.2 1 1
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/from.go:69.104,71.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/monoid.go:37.62,45.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/monoid.go:64.70,69.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/monoid.go:91.62,98.2 1 1
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/reader.go:41.59,43.2 1 1
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/reader.go:49.59,51.2 1 1
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/reader.go:61.63,63.2 1 1
@@ -56,6 +59,8 @@ github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/reader.go:453.85,455.2 1 1
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/reader.go:460.55,462.2 1 0
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/reader.go:473.94,475.2 1 0
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/reader.go:486.65,488.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/reader.go:494.103,502.2 1 1
+github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/reader.go:508.71,515.2 1 0
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/sequence.go:35.78,40.2 1 1
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/sequence.go:54.35,60.2 1 1
 github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/readerresult/sequence.go:75.38,82.2 1 1

v2/di/token.go

@@ -103,11 +103,11 @@ func (t *token[T]) Unerase(val any) Result[T] {
 func (t *token[T]) ProviderFactory() Option[DIE.ProviderFactory] {
 	return t.base.providerFactory
 }
-func makeTokenBase(name string, id string, typ int, providerFactory Option[DIE.ProviderFactory]) *tokenBase {
+func makeTokenBase(name, id string, typ int, providerFactory Option[DIE.ProviderFactory]) *tokenBase {
 	return &tokenBase{name, id, typ, providerFactory}
 }
 
-func makeToken[T any](name string, id string, typ int, unerase func(val any) Result[T], providerFactory Option[DIE.ProviderFactory]) Dependency[T] {
+func makeToken[T any](name, id string, typ int, unerase func(val any) Result[T], providerFactory Option[DIE.ProviderFactory]) Dependency[T] {
 	return &token[T]{makeTokenBase(name, id, typ, providerFactory), unerase}
 }
 

v2/either/array.go

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func TraverseArray[E, A, B any](f Kleisli[E, A, B]) Kleisli[E, []A, []B] {
 // Example:
 //
 //	validate := func(i int, s string) either.Either[error, string] {
-//	    if len(s) > 0 {
+//	    if S.IsNonEmpty(s) {
 //	        return either.Right[error](fmt.Sprintf("%d:%s", i, s))
 //	    }
 //	    return either.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("empty at index %d", i))
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func TraverseArrayWithIndexG[GA ~[]A, GB ~[]B, E, A, B any](f func(int, A) Eithe
 // Example:
 //
 //	validate := func(i int, s string) either.Either[error, string] {
-//	    if len(s) > 0 {
+//	    if S.IsNonEmpty(s) {
 //	        return either.Right[error](fmt.Sprintf("%d:%s", i, s))
 //	    }
 //	    return either.Left[string](fmt.Errorf("empty at index %d", i))

v2/either/curry.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func Curry0[R any](f func() (R, error)) func() Either[error, R] {
 //
 // Example:
 //
-//	parse := func(s string) (int, error) { return strconv.Atoi(s) }
+//	parse := strconv.Atoi
 //	curried := either.Curry1(parse)
 //	result := curried("42") // Right(42)
 func Curry1[T1, R any](f func(T1) (R, error)) func(T1) Either[error, R] {

v2/either/doc.go

@@ -19,6 +19,21 @@
 //   - Left represents an error or failure case (type E)
 //   - Right represents a success case (type A)
 //
+// # Fantasy Land Specification
+//
+// This implementation corresponds to the Fantasy Land Either type:
+// https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#either
+//
+// Implemented Fantasy Land algebras:
+//   - Functor: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#functor
+//   - Bifunctor: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#bifunctor
+//   - Apply: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#apply
+//   - Applicative: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#applicative
+//   - Chain: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#chain
+//   - Monad: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#monad
+//   - Alt: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#alt
+//   - Foldable: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#foldable
+//
 // # Core Concepts
 //
 // The Either type is a discriminated union that can hold either a Left value (typically an error)

v2/either/either_coverage_test.go

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
-	M "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
 	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
@@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ func TestTraverseArray(t *testing.T) {
 // Test TraverseArrayWithIndex
 func TestTraverseArrayWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	validate := func(i int, s string) Either[error, string] {
-		if len(s) > 0 {
+		if S.IsNonEmpty(s) {
 			return Right[error](fmt.Sprintf("%d:%s", i, s))
 		}
 		return Left[string](fmt.Errorf("empty at index %d", i))
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ func TestTraverseRecord(t *testing.T) {
 // Test TraverseRecordWithIndex
 func TestTraverseRecordWithIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	validate := func(k string, v string) Either[error, string] {
-		if len(v) > 0 {
+		if S.IsNonEmpty(v) {
 			return Right[error](k + ":" + v)
 		}
 		return Left[string](fmt.Errorf("empty value for key %s", k))
@@ -373,7 +374,7 @@ func TestCurry0(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCurry1(t *testing.T) {
-	parse := func(s string) (int, error) { return strconv.Atoi(s) }
+	parse := strconv.Atoi
 	curried := Curry1(parse)
 	result := curried("42")
 	assert.Equal(t, Right[error](42), result)
@@ -645,7 +646,7 @@ func TestAltSemigroup(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test AlternativeMonoid
 func TestAlternativeMonoid(t *testing.T) {
-	intAdd := M.MakeMonoid(func(a, b int) int { return a + b }, 0)
+	intAdd := N.MonoidSum[int]()
 	m := AlternativeMonoid[error](intAdd)
 
 	result := m.Concat(Right[error](1), Right[error](2))

v2/either/either_test.go

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 
 	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/utils"
-	IO "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/io"
 	O "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/option"
 	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -120,10 +119,3 @@ func TestStringer(t *testing.T) {
 	var s fmt.Stringer = &e
 	assert.Equal(t, exp, s.String())
 }
-
-func TestFromIO(t *testing.T) {
-	f := IO.Of("abc")
-	e := FromIO[error](f)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, Right[error]("abc"), e)
-}

v2/either/logger.go

@@ -17,11 +17,19 @@ package either
 
 import (
 	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 
 	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 	L "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/logging"
 )
 
+var (
+	// slogError creates a slog.Attr with key "error" for logging error values
+	slogError = F.Bind1st(slog.Any, "error")
+	// slogValue creates a slog.Attr with key "value" for logging success values
+	slogValue = F.Bind1st(slog.Any, "value")
+)
+
 func _log[E, A any](left func(string, ...any), right func(string, ...any), prefix string) Operator[E, A, A] {
 	return Fold(
 		func(e E) Either[E, A] {
@@ -62,3 +70,91 @@ func Logger[E, A any](loggers ...*log.Logger) func(string) Operator[E, A, A] {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// ToSLogAttr converts an Either value to a structured logging attribute (slog.Attr).
+//
+// This function creates a converter that transforms Either values into slog.Attr for use
+// with Go's structured logging (log/slog). It maps:
+//   - Left values to an "error" attribute
+//   - Right values to a "value" attribute
+//
+// This is particularly useful when integrating Either-based error handling with structured
+// logging systems, allowing you to log both successful values and errors in a consistent,
+// structured format.
+//
+// Type Parameters:
+//   - E: The Left (error) type of the Either
+//   - A: The Right (success) type of the Either
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A function that converts Either[E, A] to slog.Attr
+//
+// Example with Left (error):
+//
+//	converter := either.ToSLogAttr[error, int]()
+//	leftValue := either.Left[int](errors.New("connection failed"))
+//	attr := converter(leftValue)
+//	// attr is: slog.Any("error", errors.New("connection failed"))
+//
+//	logger.LogAttrs(ctx, slog.LevelError, "Operation failed", attr)
+//	// Logs: {"level":"error","msg":"Operation failed","error":"connection failed"}
+//
+// Example with Right (success):
+//
+//	converter := either.ToSLogAttr[error, User]()
+//	rightValue := either.Right[error](User{ID: 123, Name: "Alice"})
+//	attr := converter(rightValue)
+//	// attr is: slog.Any("value", User{ID: 123, Name: "Alice"})
+//
+//	logger.LogAttrs(ctx, slog.LevelInfo, "User fetched", attr)
+//	// Logs: {"level":"info","msg":"User fetched","value":{"ID":123,"Name":"Alice"}}
+//
+// Example in a pipeline with structured logging:
+//
+//	toAttr := either.ToSLogAttr[error, Data]()
+//
+//	result := F.Pipe2(
+//	    fetchData(id),
+//	    either.Map(processData),
+//	    either.Map(validateData),
+//	)
+//
+//	attr := toAttr(result)
+//	logger.LogAttrs(ctx, slog.LevelInfo, "Data processing complete", attr)
+//	// Logs success: {"level":"info","msg":"Data processing complete","value":{...}}
+//	// Or error: {"level":"info","msg":"Data processing complete","error":"validation failed"}
+//
+// Example with custom log levels based on Either:
+//
+//	toAttr := either.ToSLogAttr[error, Response]()
+//	result := callAPI(endpoint)
+//
+//	level := either.Fold(
+//	    func(error) slog.Level { return slog.LevelError },
+//	    func(Response) slog.Level { return slog.LevelInfo },
+//	)(result)
+//
+//	logger.LogAttrs(ctx, level, "API call completed", toAttr(result))
+//
+// Use Cases:
+//   - Structured logging: Convert Either results to structured log attributes
+//   - Error tracking: Log errors with consistent "error" key in structured logs
+//   - Success monitoring: Log successful values with consistent "value" key
+//   - Observability: Integrate Either-based error handling with logging systems
+//   - Debugging: Inspect Either values in logs with proper structure
+//   - Metrics: Extract Either values for metrics collection in logging pipelines
+//
+// Note: The returned slog.Attr uses "error" for Left values and "value" for Right values.
+// These keys are consistent with common structured logging conventions.
+func ToSLogAttr[E, A any]() func(Either[E, A]) slog.Attr {
+	return Fold(
+		F.Flow2(
+			F.ToAny[E],
+			slogError,
+		),
+		F.Flow2(
+			F.ToAny[A],
+			slogValue,
+		),
+	)
+}

v2/either/logger_test.go

@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@
 package either
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"log/slog"
 	"testing"
 
 	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
@@ -35,3 +38,139 @@ func TestLogger(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, r, res)
 }
+
+func TestToSLogAttr_Left(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with Left (error) value
+	converter := ToSLogAttr[error, int]()
+	testErr := errors.New("test error")
+	leftValue := Left[int](testErr)
+
+	attr := converter(leftValue)
+
+	// Verify the attribute has the correct key
+	assert.Equal(t, "error", attr.Key)
+	// Verify the attribute value is the error
+	assert.Equal(t, testErr, attr.Value.Any())
+}
+
+func TestToSLogAttr_Right(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with Right (success) value
+	converter := ToSLogAttr[error, string]()
+	rightValue := Right[error]("success value")
+
+	attr := converter(rightValue)
+
+	// Verify the attribute has the correct key
+	assert.Equal(t, "value", attr.Key)
+	// Verify the attribute value is the success value
+	assert.Equal(t, "success value", attr.Value.Any())
+}
+
+func TestToSLogAttr_LeftWithCustomType(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with custom error type
+	type CustomError struct {
+		Code    int
+		Message string
+	}
+
+	converter := ToSLogAttr[CustomError, string]()
+	customErr := CustomError{Code: 404, Message: "not found"}
+	leftValue := Left[string](customErr)
+
+	attr := converter(leftValue)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "error", attr.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, customErr, attr.Value.Any())
+}
+
+func TestToSLogAttr_RightWithCustomType(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with custom success type
+	type User struct {
+		ID   int
+		Name string
+	}
+
+	converter := ToSLogAttr[error, User]()
+	user := User{ID: 123, Name: "Alice"}
+	rightValue := Right[error](user)
+
+	attr := converter(rightValue)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "value", attr.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, user, attr.Value.Any())
+}
+
+func TestToSLogAttr_InPipeline(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test ToSLogAttr in a functional pipeline
+	converter := ToSLogAttr[error, int]()
+
+	// Test with successful pipeline
+	successResult := F.Pipe2(
+		Right[error](10),
+		Map[error](N.Mul(2)),
+		converter,
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "value", successResult.Key)
+	// slog.Any converts int to int64
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(20), successResult.Value.Any())
+
+	// Test with failed pipeline
+	testErr := errors.New("computation failed")
+	failureResult := F.Pipe2(
+		Left[int](testErr),
+		Map[error](N.Mul(2)),
+		converter,
+	)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "error", failureResult.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, testErr, failureResult.Value.Any())
+}
+
+func TestToSLogAttr_WithNilError(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with nil error (edge case)
+	converter := ToSLogAttr[error, string]()
+	var nilErr error = nil
+	leftValue := Left[string](nilErr)
+
+	attr := converter(leftValue)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "error", attr.Key)
+	assert.Nil(t, attr.Value.Any())
+}
+
+func TestToSLogAttr_WithZeroValue(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with zero value of success type
+	converter := ToSLogAttr[error, int]()
+	rightValue := Right[error](0)
+
+	attr := converter(rightValue)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "value", attr.Key)
+	// slog.Any converts int to int64
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), attr.Value.Any())
+}
+
+func TestToSLogAttr_WithEmptyString(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with empty string as success value
+	converter := ToSLogAttr[error, string]()
+	rightValue := Right[error]("")
+
+	attr := converter(rightValue)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "value", attr.Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", attr.Value.Any())
+}
+
+func TestToSLogAttr_AttributeKind(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify that the returned attribute has the correct Kind
+	converter := ToSLogAttr[error, string]()
+
+	leftAttr := converter(Left[string](errors.New("error")))
+	// Errors are stored as KindAny (which has value 0)
+	assert.Equal(t, slog.KindAny, leftAttr.Value.Kind())
+
+	rightAttr := converter(Right[error]("value"))
+	// Strings have KindString
+	assert.Equal(t, slog.KindString, rightAttr.Value.Kind())
+}

v2/either/monad.go

@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@ func (o *eitherMonad[E, A, B]) Chain(f Kleisli[E, A, B]) Operator[E, A, B] {
 //	m := either.Monad[error, int, int]()
 //
 //	// Map transforms the value
-//	value := m.Map(func(x int) int { return x * 2 })(either.Right[error](21))
+//	value := m.Map(N.Mul(2))(either.Right[error](21))
 //	// value is Right(42)
 //
 //	// Ap applies wrapped functions (also fails fast)
-//	fn := either.Right[error](func(x int) int { return x + 1 })
+//	fn := either.Right[error](N.Add(1))
 //	result := m.Ap(value)(fn)
 //	// result is Right(43)
 //

v2/either/rec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package either
+
+//go:inline
+func TailRec[E, A, B any](f Kleisli[E, A, Either[A, B]]) Kleisli[E, A, B] {
+	return func(a A) Either[E, B] {
+		current := f(a)
+		for {
+			rec, e := Unwrap(current)
+			if IsLeft(current) {
+				return Left[B](e)
+			}
+			b, a := Unwrap(rec)
+			if IsRight(rec) {
+				return Right[E](b)
+			}
+			current = f(a)
+		}
+	}
+}

v2/endomorphism/builder.go

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package endomorphism
+
+import (
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
+	A "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/array"
+)
+
+// Build applies an endomorphism to the zero value of type A, effectively using
+// the endomorphism as a builder pattern.
+//
+// # Endomorphism as Builder Pattern
+//
+// An endomorphism (a function from type A to type A) can be viewed as a builder pattern
+// because it transforms a value of a type into another value of the same type. When you
+// compose multiple endomorphisms together, you create a pipeline of transformations that
+// build up a final value step by step.
+//
+// The Build function starts with the zero value of type A and applies the endomorphism
+// to it, making it particularly useful for building complex values from scratch using
+// a functional composition of transformations.
+//
+// # Builder Pattern Characteristics
+//
+// Traditional builder patterns have these characteristics:
+//  1. Start with an initial (often empty) state
+//  2. Apply a series of transformations/configurations
+//  3. Return the final built object
+//
+// Endomorphisms provide the same pattern functionally:
+//  1. Start with zero value: var a A
+//  2. Apply composed endomorphisms: e(a)
+//  3. Return the transformed value
+//
+// # Type Parameters
+//
+//   - A: The type being built/transformed
+//
+// # Parameters
+//
+//   - e: An endomorphism (or composition of endomorphisms) that transforms type A
+//
+// # Returns
+//
+//	The result of applying the endomorphism to the zero value of type A
+//
+// # Example - Building a Configuration Object
+//
+//	type Config struct {
+//	    Host     string
+//	    Port     int
+//	    Timeout  time.Duration
+//	    Debug    bool
+//	}
+//
+//	// Define builder functions as endomorphisms
+//	withHost := func(host string) Endomorphism[Config] {
+//	    return func(c Config) Config {
+//	        c.Host = host
+//	        return c
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	withPort := func(port int) Endomorphism[Config] {
+//	    return func(c Config) Config {
+//	        c.Port = port
+//	        return c
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	withTimeout := func(d time.Duration) Endomorphism[Config] {
+//	    return func(c Config) Config {
+//	        c.Timeout = d
+//	        return c
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	withDebug := func(debug bool) Endomorphism[Config] {
+//	    return func(c Config) Config {
+//	        c.Debug = debug
+//	        return c
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	// Compose builders using monoid operations
+//	import M "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
+//
+//	configBuilder := M.ConcatAll(Monoid[Config]())(
+//	    withHost("localhost"),
+//	    withPort(8080),
+//	    withTimeout(30 * time.Second),
+//	    withDebug(true),
+//	)
+//
+//	// Build the final configuration
+//	config := Build(configBuilder)
+//	// Result: Config{Host: "localhost", Port: 8080, Timeout: 30s, Debug: true}
+//
+// # Example - Building a String with Transformations
+//
+//	import (
+//	    "strings"
+//	    M "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
+//	)
+//
+//	// Define string transformation endomorphisms
+//	appendHello := func(s string) string { return s + "Hello" }
+//	appendSpace := func(s string) string { return s + " " }
+//	appendWorld := func(s string) string { return s + "World" }
+//	toUpper := strings.ToUpper
+//
+//	// Compose transformations
+//	stringBuilder := M.ConcatAll(Monoid[string]())(
+//	    appendHello,
+//	    appendSpace,
+//	    appendWorld,
+//	    toUpper,
+//	)
+//
+//	// Build the final string from empty string
+//	result := Build(stringBuilder)
+//	// Result: "HELLO WORLD"
+//
+// # Example - Building a Slice with Operations
+//
+//	type IntSlice []int
+//
+//	appendValue := func(v int) Endomorphism[IntSlice] {
+//	    return func(s IntSlice) IntSlice {
+//	        return append(s, v)
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	sortSlice := func(s IntSlice) IntSlice {
+//	    sorted := make(IntSlice, len(s))
+//	    copy(sorted, s)
+//	    sort.Ints(sorted)
+//	    return sorted
+//	}
+//
+//	// Build a sorted slice
+//	sliceBuilder := M.ConcatAll(Monoid[IntSlice]())(
+//	    appendValue(5),
+//	    appendValue(2),
+//	    appendValue(8),
+//	    appendValue(1),
+//	    sortSlice,
+//	)
+//
+//	result := Build(sliceBuilder)
+//	// Result: IntSlice{1, 2, 5, 8}
+//
+// # Advantages of Endomorphism Builder Pattern
+//
+//  1. **Composability**: Builders can be composed using monoid operations
+//  2. **Immutability**: Each transformation returns a new value (if implemented immutably)
+//  3. **Type Safety**: The type system ensures all transformations work on the same type
+//  4. **Reusability**: Individual builder functions can be reused and combined differently
+//  5. **Testability**: Each transformation can be tested independently
+//  6. **Declarative**: The composition clearly expresses the building process
+//
+// # Comparison with Traditional Builder Pattern
+//
+// Traditional OOP Builder:
+//
+//	config := NewConfigBuilder().
+//	    WithHost("localhost").
+//	    WithPort(8080).
+//	    WithTimeout(30 * time.Second).
+//	    Build()
+//
+// Endomorphism Builder:
+//
+//	config := Build(M.ConcatAll(Monoid[Config]())(
+//	    withHost("localhost"),
+//	    withPort(8080),
+//	    withTimeout(30 * time.Second),
+//	))
+//
+// Both achieve the same goal, but the endomorphism approach:
+//   - Uses pure functions instead of methods
+//   - Leverages algebraic properties (monoid) for composition
+//   - Allows for more flexible composition patterns
+//   - Integrates naturally with other functional programming constructs
+func Build[A any](e Endomorphism[A]) A {
+	var a A
+	return e(a)
+}
+
+// ConcatAll combines multiple endomorphisms into a single endomorphism using composition.
+//
+// This function takes a slice of endomorphisms and combines them using the monoid's
+// concat operation (which is composition). The resulting endomorphism, when applied,
+// will execute all the input endomorphisms in RIGHT-TO-LEFT order (mathematical composition order).
+//
+// IMPORTANT: Execution order is RIGHT-TO-LEFT:
+//   - ConcatAll([]Endomorphism{f, g, h}) creates an endomorphism that applies h, then g, then f
+//   - This is equivalent to f ∘ g ∘ h in mathematical notation
+//   - The last endomorphism in the slice is applied first
+//
+// If the slice is empty, returns the identity endomorphism.
+//
+// # Type Parameters
+//
+//   - T: The type that the endomorphisms operate on
+//
+// # Parameters
+//
+//   - es: A slice of endomorphisms to combine
+//
+// # Returns
+//
+//	A single endomorphism that represents the composition of all input endomorphisms
+//
+// # Example - Basic Composition
+//
+//	double := N.Mul(2)
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
+//	square := func(x int) int { return x * x }
+//
+//	// Combine endomorphisms (RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution)
+//	combined := ConcatAll([]Endomorphism[int]{double, increment, square})
+//	result := combined(5)
+//	// Execution: square(5) = 25, increment(25) = 26, double(26) = 52
+//	// Result: 52
+//
+// # Example - Building with ConcatAll
+//
+//	type Config struct {
+//	    Host string
+//	    Port int
+//	}
+//
+//	withHost := func(host string) Endomorphism[Config] {
+//	    return func(c Config) Config {
+//	        c.Host = host
+//	        return c
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	withPort := func(port int) Endomorphism[Config] {
+//	    return func(c Config) Config {
+//	        c.Port = port
+//	        return c
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	// Combine configuration builders
+//	configBuilder := ConcatAll([]Endomorphism[Config]{
+//	    withHost("localhost"),
+//	    withPort(8080),
+//	})
+//
+//	// Apply to zero value
+//	config := Build(configBuilder)
+//	// Result: Config{Host: "localhost", Port: 8080}
+//
+// # Example - Empty Slice
+//
+//	// Empty slice returns identity
+//	identity := ConcatAll([]Endomorphism[int]{})
+//	result := identity(42) // Returns: 42
+//
+// # Relationship to Monoid
+//
+// ConcatAll is equivalent to using M.ConcatAll with the endomorphism Monoid:
+//
+//	import M "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
+//
+//	// These are equivalent:
+//	result1 := ConcatAll(endomorphisms)
+//	result2 := M.ConcatAll(Monoid[T]())(endomorphisms)
+//
+// # Use Cases
+//
+//  1. **Pipeline Construction**: Build transformation pipelines from individual steps
+//  2. **Configuration Building**: Combine multiple configuration setters
+//  3. **Data Transformation**: Chain multiple data transformations
+//  4. **Middleware Composition**: Combine middleware functions
+//  5. **Validation Chains**: Compose multiple validation functions
+func ConcatAll[T any](es []Endomorphism[T]) Endomorphism[T] {
+	return A.Reduce(es, MonadCompose[T], function.Identity[T])
+}
+
+// Reduce applies a slice of endomorphisms to the zero value of type T in LEFT-TO-RIGHT order.
+//
+// This function is a convenience wrapper that:
+//  1. Starts with the zero value of type T
+//  2. Applies each endomorphism in the slice from left to right
+//  3. Returns the final transformed value
+//
+// IMPORTANT: Execution order is LEFT-TO-RIGHT:
+//   - Reduce([]Endomorphism{f, g, h}) applies f first, then g, then h
+//   - This is the opposite of ConcatAll's RIGHT-TO-LEFT order
+//   - Each endomorphism receives the result of the previous one
+//
+// This is equivalent to: Build(ConcatAll(reverse(es))) but more efficient and clearer
+// for left-to-right sequential application.
+//
+// # Type Parameters
+//
+//   - T: The type being transformed
+//
+// # Parameters
+//
+//   - es: A slice of endomorphisms to apply sequentially
+//
+// # Returns
+//
+//	The final value after applying all endomorphisms to the zero value
+//
+// # Example - Sequential Transformations
+//
+//	double := N.Mul(2)
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
+//	square := func(x int) int { return x * x }
+//
+//	// Apply transformations LEFT-TO-RIGHT
+//	result := Reduce([]Endomorphism[int]{double, increment, square})
+//	// Execution: 0 -> double(0) = 0 -> increment(0) = 1 -> square(1) = 1
+//	// Result: 1
+//
+//	// With a non-zero starting point, use a custom initial value:
+//	addTen := N.Add(10)
+//	result2 := Reduce([]Endomorphism[int]{addTen, double, increment})
+//	// Execution: 0 -> addTen(0) = 10 -> double(10) = 20 -> increment(20) = 21
+//	// Result: 21
+//
+// # Example - Building a String
+//
+//	appendHello := func(s string) string { return s + "Hello" }
+//	appendSpace := func(s string) string { return s + " " }
+//	appendWorld := func(s string) string { return s + "World" }
+//
+//	// Build string LEFT-TO-RIGHT
+//	result := Reduce([]Endomorphism[string]{
+//	    appendHello,
+//	    appendSpace,
+//	    appendWorld,
+//	})
+//	// Execution: "" -> "Hello" -> "Hello " -> "Hello World"
+//	// Result: "Hello World"
+//
+// # Example - Configuration Building
+//
+//	type Settings struct {
+//	    Theme    string
+//	    FontSize int
+//	}
+//
+//	withTheme := func(theme string) Endomorphism[Settings] {
+//	    return func(s Settings) Settings {
+//	        s.Theme = theme
+//	        return s
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	withFontSize := func(size int) Endomorphism[Settings] {
+//	    return func(s Settings) Settings {
+//	        s.FontSize = size
+//	        return s
+//	    }
+//	}
+//
+//	// Build settings LEFT-TO-RIGHT
+//	settings := Reduce([]Endomorphism[Settings]{
+//	    withTheme("dark"),
+//	    withFontSize(14),
+//	})
+//	// Result: Settings{Theme: "dark", FontSize: 14}
+//
+// # Comparison with ConcatAll
+//
+//	// ConcatAll: RIGHT-TO-LEFT composition, returns endomorphism
+//	endo := ConcatAll([]Endomorphism[int]{f, g, h})
+//	result1 := endo(value) // Applies h, then g, then f
+//
+//	// Reduce: LEFT-TO-RIGHT application, returns final value
+//	result2 := Reduce([]Endomorphism[int]{f, g, h})
+//	// Applies f to zero, then g, then h
+//
+// # Use Cases
+//
+//  1. **Sequential Processing**: Apply transformations in order
+//  2. **Pipeline Execution**: Execute a pipeline from start to finish
+//  3. **Builder Pattern**: Build objects step by step
+//  4. **State Machines**: Apply state transitions in sequence
+//  5. **Data Flow**: Transform data through multiple stages
+func Reduce[T any](es []Endomorphism[T]) T {
+	var t T
+	return A.Reduce(es, func(t T, e Endomorphism[T]) T { return e(t) }, t)
+}

v2/endomorphism/builder_example_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package endomorphism_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	A "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/array"
+	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/endomorphism"
+	M "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/monoid"
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
+)
+
+// Example_build_basicUsage demonstrates basic usage of the Build function
+// to construct a value from the zero value using endomorphisms.
+func Example_build_basicUsage() {
+	// Define simple endomorphisms
+	addTen := N.Add(10)
+	double := N.Mul(2)
+
+	// Compose them using monoid (RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution)
+	// double is applied first, then addTen
+	builder := M.ConcatAll(endomorphism.Monoid[int]())(A.From(
+		addTen,
+		double,
+	))
+
+	// Build from zero value: 0 * 2 = 0, 0 + 10 = 10
+	result := endomorphism.Build(builder)
+	fmt.Println(result)
+	// Output: 10
+}
+
+// Example_build_configBuilder demonstrates using Build as a configuration builder pattern.
+func Example_build_configBuilder() {
+	type Config struct {
+		Host    string
+		Port    int
+		Timeout time.Duration
+		Debug   bool
+	}
+
+	// Define builder functions as endomorphisms
+	withHost := func(host string) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Config] {
+		return func(c Config) Config {
+			c.Host = host
+			return c
+		}
+	}
+
+	withPort := func(port int) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Config] {
+		return func(c Config) Config {
+			c.Port = port
+			return c
+		}
+	}
+
+	withTimeout := func(d time.Duration) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Config] {
+		return func(c Config) Config {
+			c.Timeout = d
+			return c
+		}
+	}
+
+	withDebug := func(debug bool) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Config] {
+		return func(c Config) Config {
+			c.Debug = debug
+			return c
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Compose builders using monoid
+	configBuilder := M.ConcatAll(endomorphism.Monoid[Config]())([]endomorphism.Endomorphism[Config]{
+		withHost("localhost"),
+		withPort(8080),
+		withTimeout(30 * time.Second),
+		withDebug(true),
+	})
+
+	// Build the configuration from zero value
+	config := endomorphism.Build(configBuilder)
+
+	fmt.Printf("Host: %s\n", config.Host)
+	fmt.Printf("Port: %d\n", config.Port)
+	fmt.Printf("Timeout: %v\n", config.Timeout)
+	fmt.Printf("Debug: %v\n", config.Debug)
+	// Output:
+	// Host: localhost
+	// Port: 8080
+	// Timeout: 30s
+	// Debug: true
+}
+
+// Example_build_stringBuilder demonstrates building a string using endomorphisms.
+func Example_build_stringBuilder() {
+	// Define string transformation endomorphisms
+	appendHello := func(s string) string { return s + "Hello" }
+	appendSpace := func(s string) string { return s + " " }
+	appendWorld := func(s string) string { return s + "World" }
+	appendExclamation := func(s string) string { return s + "!" }
+
+	// Compose transformations (RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution)
+	stringBuilder := M.ConcatAll(endomorphism.Monoid[string]())([]endomorphism.Endomorphism[string]{
+		appendHello,
+		appendSpace,
+		appendWorld,
+		appendExclamation,
+	})
+
+	// Build the string from empty string
+	result := endomorphism.Build(stringBuilder)
+	fmt.Println(result)
+	// Output: !World Hello
+}
+
+// Example_build_personBuilder demonstrates building a complex struct using the builder pattern.
+func Example_build_personBuilder() {
+	type Person struct {
+		FirstName string
+		LastName  string
+		Age       int
+		Email     string
+	}
+
+	// Define builder functions
+	withFirstName := func(name string) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Person] {
+		return func(p Person) Person {
+			p.FirstName = name
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+
+	withLastName := func(name string) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Person] {
+		return func(p Person) Person {
+			p.LastName = name
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+
+	withAge := func(age int) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Person] {
+		return func(p Person) Person {
+			p.Age = age
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+
+	withEmail := func(email string) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Person] {
+		return func(p Person) Person {
+			p.Email = email
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Build a person
+	personBuilder := M.ConcatAll(endomorphism.Monoid[Person]())([]endomorphism.Endomorphism[Person]{
+		withFirstName("Alice"),
+		withLastName("Smith"),
+		withAge(30),
+		withEmail("alice.smith@example.com"),
+	})
+
+	person := endomorphism.Build(personBuilder)
+
+	fmt.Printf("%s %s, Age: %d, Email: %s\n",
+		person.FirstName, person.LastName, person.Age, person.Email)
+	// Output: Alice Smith, Age: 30, Email: alice.smith@example.com
+}
+
+// Example_build_conditionalBuilder demonstrates conditional building using endomorphisms.
+func Example_build_conditionalBuilder() {
+	type Settings struct {
+		Theme      string
+		FontSize   int
+		AutoSave   bool
+		Animations bool
+	}
+
+	withTheme := func(theme string) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Settings] {
+		return func(s Settings) Settings {
+			s.Theme = theme
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	withFontSize := func(size int) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Settings] {
+		return func(s Settings) Settings {
+			s.FontSize = size
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	withAutoSave := func(enabled bool) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Settings] {
+		return func(s Settings) Settings {
+			s.AutoSave = enabled
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	withAnimations := func(enabled bool) endomorphism.Endomorphism[Settings] {
+		return func(s Settings) Settings {
+			s.Animations = enabled
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Build settings conditionally
+	isDarkMode := true
+	isAccessibilityMode := true
+
+	// Note: Monoid executes RIGHT-TO-LEFT, so later items in the slice are applied first
+	// We need to add items in reverse order for the desired effect
+	builders := []endomorphism.Endomorphism[Settings]{}
+
+	if isAccessibilityMode {
+		builders = append(builders, withFontSize(18)) // Will be applied last (overrides)
+		builders = append(builders, withAnimations(false))
+	}
+
+	if isDarkMode {
+		builders = append(builders, withTheme("dark"))
+	} else {
+		builders = append(builders, withTheme("light"))
+	}
+
+	builders = append(builders, withAutoSave(true))
+	builders = append(builders, withFontSize(14)) // Will be applied first
+
+	settingsBuilder := M.ConcatAll(endomorphism.Monoid[Settings]())(builders)
+	settings := endomorphism.Build(settingsBuilder)
+
+	fmt.Printf("Theme: %s\n", settings.Theme)
+	fmt.Printf("FontSize: %d\n", settings.FontSize)
+	fmt.Printf("AutoSave: %v\n", settings.AutoSave)
+	fmt.Printf("Animations: %v\n", settings.Animations)
+	// Output:
+	// Theme: dark
+	// FontSize: 18
+	// AutoSave: true
+	// Animations: false
+}

v2/endomorphism/doc.go

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 //
 //	// Define some endomorphisms
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //
 //	// Compose them (RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution)
 //	composed := endomorphism.Compose(double, increment)
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@
 //	// Combine multiple endomorphisms (RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution)
 //	combined := M.ConcatAll(monoid)(
 //		N.Mul(2),  // applied third
-//		func(x int) int { return x + 1 },  // applied second
-//		func(x int) int { return x * 3 },  // applied first
+//		N.Add(1),  // applied second
+//		N.Mul(3),  // applied first
 //	)
 //	result := combined(5) // (5 * 3) = 15, (15 + 1) = 16, (16 * 2) = 32
 //
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 //
 //	// Chain allows sequencing of endomorphisms (LEFT-TO-RIGHT)
 //	f := N.Mul(2)
-//	g := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	g := N.Add(1)
 //	chained := endomorphism.MonadChain(f, g)  // f first, then g
 //	result := chained(5) // (5 * 2) + 1 = 11
 //
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 // The key difference between Compose and Chain/MonadChain is execution order:
 //
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //
 //	// Compose: RIGHT-TO-LEFT (mathematical composition)
 //	composed := endomorphism.Compose(double, increment)

v2/endomorphism/endo.go

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ import (
 // Example:
 //
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //	result := endomorphism.MonadAp(double, increment) // Composes: double ∘ increment
 //	// result(5) = double(increment(5)) = double(6) = 12
-func MonadAp[A any](fab Endomorphism[A], fa Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
+func MonadAp[A any](fab, fa Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
 	return MonadCompose(fab, fa)
 }
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func MonadAp[A any](fab Endomorphism[A], fa Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
 //
 // Example:
 //
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //	applyIncrement := endomorphism.Ap(increment)
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
 //	composed := applyIncrement(double) // double ∘ increment
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func Ap[A any](fa Endomorphism[A]) Operator[A] {
 // Example:
 //
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //
 //	// MonadCompose executes RIGHT-TO-LEFT: increment first, then double
 //	composed := endomorphism.MonadCompose(double, increment)
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func MonadCompose[A any](f, g Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
 // Example:
 //
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //	mapped := endomorphism.MonadMap(double, increment)
 //	// mapped(5) = double(increment(5)) = double(6) = 12
 func MonadMap[A any](f, g Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func MonadMap[A any](f, g Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
 //
 // Example:
 //
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //	composeWithIncrement := endomorphism.Compose(increment)
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
 //
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ func Compose[A any](g Endomorphism[A]) Operator[A] {
 //
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
 //	mapDouble := endomorphism.Map(double)
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //	mapped := mapDouble(increment)
 //	// mapped(5) = double(increment(5)) = double(6) = 12
 func Map[A any](f Endomorphism[A]) Operator[A] {
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func Map[A any](f Endomorphism[A]) Operator[A] {
 // Example:
 //
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //
 //	// MonadChain executes LEFT-TO-RIGHT: double first, then increment
 //	chained := endomorphism.MonadChain(double, increment)
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ func Map[A any](f Endomorphism[A]) Operator[A] {
 //	// Compare with MonadCompose which executes RIGHT-TO-LEFT:
 //	composed := endomorphism.MonadCompose(increment, double)
 //	result2 := composed(5) // (5 * 2) + 1 = 11 (same result, different parameter order)
-func MonadChain[A any](ma Endomorphism[A], f Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
+func MonadChain[A any](ma, f Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
 	return function.Flow2(ma, f)
 }
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ func MonadChain[A any](ma Endomorphism[A], f Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
 //	log := func(x int) int { fmt.Println(x); return x }
 //	chained := endomorphism.MonadChainFirst(double, log)
 //	result := chained(5) // Prints 10, returns 10
-func MonadChainFirst[A any](ma Endomorphism[A], f Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
+func MonadChainFirst[A any](ma, f Endomorphism[A]) Endomorphism[A] {
 	return func(a A) A {
 		result := ma(a)
 		f(result)     // Apply f for its effect
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ func ChainFirst[A any](f Endomorphism[A]) Operator[A] {
 //
 // Example:
 //
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //	chainWithIncrement := endomorphism.Chain(increment)
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
 //

v2/endomorphism/endomorphism_test.go

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ func TestCompose(t *testing.T) {
 // TestMonadComposeVsCompose demonstrates the relationship between MonadCompose and Compose
 func TestMonadComposeVsCompose(t *testing.T) {
 	double := N.Mul(2)
-	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+	increment := N.Add(1)
 
 	// MonadCompose takes both functions at once
 	monadComposed := MonadCompose(double, increment)
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ func BenchmarkCompose(b *testing.B) {
 // TestComposeVsChain demonstrates the key difference between Compose and Chain
 func TestComposeVsChain(t *testing.T) {
 	double := N.Mul(2)
-	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+	increment := N.Add(1)
 
 	// Compose executes RIGHT-TO-LEFT
 	// Compose(double, increment) means: increment first, then double
@@ -722,3 +722,352 @@ func TestChainFirst(t *testing.T) {
 	// But side effect should have been executed with double's result
 	assert.Equal(t, 10, sideEffect, "ChainFirst should execute second function for effect")
 }
+
+// TestBuild tests the Build function
+func TestBuild(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("build with single transformation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Build applies endomorphism to zero value
+		result := Build(double)
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, result, "Build(double) on zero value should be 0")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("build with composed transformations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a builder that starts from zero and applies transformations
+		builder := M.ConcatAll(Monoid[int]())([]Endomorphism[int]{
+			N.Add(10),
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Add(5),
+		})
+
+		result := Build(builder)
+		// RIGHT-TO-LEFT: 0 + 5 = 5, 5 * 2 = 10, 10 + 10 = 20
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, result, "Build should apply composed transformations to zero value")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("build with identity", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := Build(Identity[int]())
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, result, "Build(identity) should return zero value")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("build string from empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		builder := M.ConcatAll(Monoid[string]())([]Endomorphism[string]{
+			func(s string) string { return s + "Hello" },
+			func(s string) string { return s + " " },
+			func(s string) string { return s + "World" },
+		})
+
+		result := Build(builder)
+		// RIGHT-TO-LEFT: "" + "World" = "World", "World" + " " = "World ", "World " + "Hello" = "World Hello"
+		assert.Equal(t, "World Hello", result, "Build should work with strings")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("build struct with builder pattern", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Config struct {
+			Host string
+			Port int
+		}
+
+		withHost := func(host string) Endomorphism[Config] {
+			return func(c Config) Config {
+				c.Host = host
+				return c
+			}
+		}
+
+		withPort := func(port int) Endomorphism[Config] {
+			return func(c Config) Config {
+				c.Port = port
+				return c
+			}
+		}
+
+		builder := M.ConcatAll(Monoid[Config]())([]Endomorphism[Config]{
+			withHost("localhost"),
+			withPort(8080),
+		})
+
+		result := Build(builder)
+		assert.Equal(t, "localhost", result.Host, "Build should set Host")
+		assert.Equal(t, 8080, result.Port, "Build should set Port")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("build slice with operations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type IntSlice []int
+
+		appendValue := func(v int) Endomorphism[IntSlice] {
+			return func(s IntSlice) IntSlice {
+				return append(s, v)
+			}
+		}
+
+		builder := M.ConcatAll(Monoid[IntSlice]())([]Endomorphism[IntSlice]{
+			appendValue(1),
+			appendValue(2),
+			appendValue(3),
+		})
+
+		result := Build(builder)
+		// RIGHT-TO-LEFT: append 3, append 2, append 1
+		assert.Equal(t, IntSlice{3, 2, 1}, result, "Build should construct slice")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestBuildAsBuilderPattern demonstrates using Build as a builder pattern
+func TestBuildAsBuilderPattern(t *testing.T) {
+	type Person struct {
+		Name   string
+		Age    int
+		Email  string
+		Active bool
+	}
+
+	// Define builder functions
+	withName := func(name string) Endomorphism[Person] {
+		return func(p Person) Person {
+			p.Name = name
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+
+	withAge := func(age int) Endomorphism[Person] {
+		return func(p Person) Person {
+			p.Age = age
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+
+	withEmail := func(email string) Endomorphism[Person] {
+		return func(p Person) Person {
+			p.Email = email
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+
+	withActive := func(active bool) Endomorphism[Person] {
+		return func(p Person) Person {
+			p.Active = active
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Build a person using the builder pattern
+	personBuilder := M.ConcatAll(Monoid[Person]())([]Endomorphism[Person]{
+		withName("Alice"),
+		withAge(30),
+		withEmail("alice@example.com"),
+		withActive(true),
+	})
+
+	person := Build(personBuilder)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "Alice", person.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, 30, person.Age)
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@example.com", person.Email)
+	assert.True(t, person.Active)
+}
+
+// TestConcatAll tests the ConcatAll function
+func TestConcatAll(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("concat all with multiple endomorphisms", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// ConcatAll executes RIGHT-TO-LEFT
+		combined := ConcatAll([]Endomorphism[int]{double, increment, square})
+		result := combined(5)
+		// RIGHT-TO-LEFT: square(5) = 25, increment(25) = 26, double(26) = 52
+		assert.Equal(t, 52, result, "ConcatAll should execute right-to-left")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("concat all with empty slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Empty slice should return identity
+		identity := ConcatAll([]Endomorphism[int]{})
+		result := identity(42)
+		assert.Equal(t, 42, result, "ConcatAll with empty slice should return identity")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("concat all with single endomorphism", func(t *testing.T) {
+		combined := ConcatAll([]Endomorphism[int]{double})
+		result := combined(5)
+		assert.Equal(t, 10, result, "ConcatAll with single endomorphism should apply it")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("concat all with two endomorphisms", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// RIGHT-TO-LEFT: increment first, then double
+		combined := ConcatAll([]Endomorphism[int]{double, increment})
+		result := combined(5)
+		assert.Equal(t, 12, result, "ConcatAll should execute right-to-left: (5 + 1) * 2 = 12")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("concat all with strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		appendHello := func(s string) string { return s + "Hello" }
+		appendSpace := func(s string) string { return s + " " }
+		appendWorld := func(s string) string { return s + "World" }
+
+		// RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution
+		combined := ConcatAll([]Endomorphism[string]{appendHello, appendSpace, appendWorld})
+		result := combined("")
+		// RIGHT-TO-LEFT: "" + "World" = "World", "World" + " " = "World ", "World " + "Hello" = "World Hello"
+		assert.Equal(t, "World Hello", result, "ConcatAll should work with strings")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("concat all for building structs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Config struct {
+			Host string
+			Port int
+		}
+
+		withHost := func(host string) Endomorphism[Config] {
+			return func(c Config) Config {
+				c.Host = host
+				return c
+			}
+		}
+
+		withPort := func(port int) Endomorphism[Config] {
+			return func(c Config) Config {
+				c.Port = port
+				return c
+			}
+		}
+
+		combined := ConcatAll([]Endomorphism[Config]{
+			withHost("localhost"),
+			withPort(8080),
+		})
+
+		result := combined(Config{})
+		assert.Equal(t, "localhost", result.Host)
+		assert.Equal(t, 8080, result.Port)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("concat all is equivalent to monoid ConcatAll", func(t *testing.T) {
+		endos := []Endomorphism[int]{double, increment, square}
+
+		result1 := ConcatAll(endos)(5)
+		result2 := M.ConcatAll(Monoid[int]())(endos)(5)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, result1, result2, "ConcatAll should be equivalent to M.ConcatAll(Monoid())")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestReduce tests the Reduce function
+func TestReduce(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("reduce with multiple endomorphisms", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Reduce executes LEFT-TO-RIGHT starting from zero value
+		result := Reduce([]Endomorphism[int]{double, increment, square})
+		// LEFT-TO-RIGHT: 0 -> double(0) = 0 -> increment(0) = 1 -> square(1) = 1
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, result, "Reduce should execute left-to-right from zero value")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("reduce with empty slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Empty slice should return zero value
+		result := Reduce([]Endomorphism[int]{})
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, result, "Reduce with empty slice should return zero value")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("reduce with single endomorphism", func(t *testing.T) {
+		addTen := N.Add(10)
+		result := Reduce([]Endomorphism[int]{addTen})
+		// 0 + 10 = 10
+		assert.Equal(t, 10, result, "Reduce with single endomorphism should apply it to zero")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("reduce with sequential transformations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		addTen := N.Add(10)
+		// LEFT-TO-RIGHT: 0 -> addTen(0) = 10 -> double(10) = 20 -> increment(20) = 21
+		result := Reduce([]Endomorphism[int]{addTen, double, increment})
+		assert.Equal(t, 21, result, "Reduce should apply transformations left-to-right")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("reduce with strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		appendHello := func(s string) string { return s + "Hello" }
+		appendSpace := func(s string) string { return s + " " }
+		appendWorld := func(s string) string { return s + "World" }
+
+		// LEFT-TO-RIGHT execution
+		result := Reduce([]Endomorphism[string]{appendHello, appendSpace, appendWorld})
+		// "" -> "Hello" -> "Hello " -> "Hello World"
+		assert.Equal(t, "Hello World", result, "Reduce should work with strings left-to-right")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("reduce for building structs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type Settings struct {
+			Theme    string
+			FontSize int
+		}
+
+		withTheme := func(theme string) Endomorphism[Settings] {
+			return func(s Settings) Settings {
+				s.Theme = theme
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		withFontSize := func(size int) Endomorphism[Settings] {
+			return func(s Settings) Settings {
+				s.FontSize = size
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+
+		// LEFT-TO-RIGHT application
+		result := Reduce([]Endomorphism[Settings]{
+			withTheme("dark"),
+			withFontSize(14),
+		})
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "dark", result.Theme)
+		assert.Equal(t, 14, result.FontSize)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("reduce is equivalent to Build(ConcatAll(reverse))", func(t *testing.T) {
+		addTen := N.Add(10)
+		endos := []Endomorphism[int]{addTen, double, increment}
+
+		// Reduce applies left-to-right
+		result1 := Reduce(endos)
+
+		// Reverse and use ConcatAll (which is right-to-left)
+		reversed := []Endomorphism[int]{increment, double, addTen}
+		result2 := Build(ConcatAll(reversed))
+
+		assert.Equal(t, result1, result2, "Reduce should be equivalent to Build(ConcatAll(reverse))")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestConcatAllVsReduce demonstrates the difference between ConcatAll and Reduce
+func TestConcatAllVsReduce(t *testing.T) {
+	addTen := N.Add(10)
+
+	endos := []Endomorphism[int]{addTen, double, increment}
+
+	// ConcatAll: RIGHT-TO-LEFT composition, returns endomorphism
+	concatResult := ConcatAll(endos)(5)
+	// 5 -> increment(5) = 6 -> double(6) = 12 -> addTen(12) = 22
+
+	// Reduce: LEFT-TO-RIGHT application, returns value from zero
+	reduceResult := Reduce(endos)
+	// 0 -> addTen(0) = 10 -> double(10) = 20 -> increment(20) = 21
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, concatResult, reduceResult, "ConcatAll and Reduce should produce different results")
+	assert.Equal(t, 22, concatResult, "ConcatAll should execute right-to-left on input value")
+	assert.Equal(t, 21, reduceResult, "Reduce should execute left-to-right from zero value")
+}
+
+// TestReduceWithBuild demonstrates using Reduce vs Build with ConcatAll
+func TestReduceWithBuild(t *testing.T) {
+	addFive := N.Add(5)
+	multiplyByThree := N.Mul(3)
+
+	endos := []Endomorphism[int]{addFive, multiplyByThree}
+
+	// Reduce: LEFT-TO-RIGHT from zero
+	reduceResult := Reduce(endos)
+	// 0 -> addFive(0) = 5 -> multiplyByThree(5) = 15
+	assert.Equal(t, 15, reduceResult)
+
+	// Build with ConcatAll: RIGHT-TO-LEFT from zero
+	buildResult := Build(ConcatAll(endos))
+	// 0 -> multiplyByThree(0) = 0 -> addFive(0) = 5
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, buildResult)
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, reduceResult, buildResult, "Reduce and Build(ConcatAll) produce different results due to execution order")
+}

v2/endomorphism/from.go

@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
 package endomorphism
 
 import (
@@ -5,6 +20,63 @@ import (
 	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/semigroup"
 )
 
+// FromSemigroup converts a semigroup into a Kleisli arrow for endomorphisms.
+//
+// This function takes a semigroup and returns a Kleisli arrow that, when given
+// a value of type A, produces an endomorphism that concatenates that value with
+// other values using the semigroup's Concat operation.
+//
+// The resulting Kleisli arrow has the signature: func(A) Endomorphism[A]
+// When called with a value 'x', it returns an endomorphism that concatenates
+// 'x' with its input using the semigroup's binary operation.
+//
+// # Data Last Principle
+//
+// FromSemigroup follows the "data last" principle by using function.Bind2of2,
+// which binds the second parameter of the semigroup's Concat operation.
+// This means that for a semigroup with Concat(a, b), calling FromSemigroup(s)(x)
+// creates an endomorphism that computes Concat(input, x), where the input data
+// comes first and the bound value 'x' comes last.
+//
+// For example, with string concatenation:
+//   - Semigroup.Concat("Hello", "World") = "HelloWorld"
+//   - FromSemigroup(semigroup)("World") creates: func(input) = Concat(input, "World")
+//   - Applying it: endomorphism("Hello") = Concat("Hello", "World") = "HelloWorld"
+//
+// This is particularly useful for creating endomorphisms from associative operations
+// like string concatenation, number addition, list concatenation, etc.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - s: A semigroup providing the Concat operation for type A
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - A Kleisli arrow that converts values of type A into endomorphisms
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	import (
+//		"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/endomorphism"
+//		"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/semigroup"
+//	)
+//
+//	// Create a semigroup for integer addition
+//	addSemigroup := semigroup.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+//		return a + b
+//	})
+//
+//	// Convert it to a Kleisli arrow
+//	addKleisli := endomorphism.FromSemigroup(addSemigroup)
+//
+//	// Use the Kleisli arrow to create an endomorphism that adds 5
+//	// This follows "data last": the input data comes first, 5 comes last
+//	addFive := addKleisli(5)
+//
+//	// Apply the endomorphism: Concat(10, 5) = 10 + 5 = 15
+//	result := addFive(10) // result is 15
+//
+// The function uses function.Bind2of2 to partially apply the semigroup's Concat
+// operation, effectively currying it to create the desired Kleisli arrow while
+// maintaining the "data last" principle.
 func FromSemigroup[A any](s S.Semigroup[A]) Kleisli[A] {
 	return function.Bind2of2(s.Concat)
 }

v2/endomorphism/from_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 - 2025 IBM Corp.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package endomorphism
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/semigroup"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// TestFromSemigroup tests the FromSemigroup function with various semigroups
+func TestFromSemigroup(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("integer addition semigroup", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for integer addition
+		addSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+			return a + b
+		})
+
+		// Convert to Kleisli arrow
+		addKleisli := FromSemigroup(addSemigroup)
+
+		// Create an endomorphism that adds 5
+		addFive := addKleisli(5)
+
+		// Test the endomorphism
+		assert.Equal(t, 15, addFive(10), "addFive(10) should equal 15")
+		assert.Equal(t, 5, addFive(0), "addFive(0) should equal 5")
+		assert.Equal(t, -5, addFive(-10), "addFive(-10) should equal -5")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("integer multiplication semigroup", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for integer multiplication
+		mulSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+			return a * b
+		})
+
+		// Convert to Kleisli arrow
+		mulKleisli := FromSemigroup(mulSemigroup)
+
+		// Create an endomorphism that multiplies by 3
+		multiplyByThree := mulKleisli(3)
+
+		// Test the endomorphism
+		assert.Equal(t, 15, multiplyByThree(5), "multiplyByThree(5) should equal 15")
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, multiplyByThree(0), "multiplyByThree(0) should equal 0")
+		assert.Equal(t, -9, multiplyByThree(-3), "multiplyByThree(-3) should equal -9")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("string concatenation semigroup", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for string concatenation
+		concatSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b string) string {
+			return a + b
+		})
+
+		// Convert to Kleisli arrow
+		concatKleisli := FromSemigroup(concatSemigroup)
+
+		// Create an endomorphism that appends "Hello, " (input is on the left)
+		appendHello := concatKleisli("Hello, ")
+
+		// Test the endomorphism - input is concatenated on the left, "Hello, " on the right
+		assert.Equal(t, "WorldHello, ", appendHello("World"), "appendHello('World') should equal 'WorldHello, '")
+		assert.Equal(t, "Hello, ", appendHello(""), "appendHello('') should equal 'Hello, '")
+		assert.Equal(t, "GoHello, ", appendHello("Go"), "appendHello('Go') should equal 'GoHello, '")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slice concatenation semigroup", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for slice concatenation
+		sliceSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b []int) []int {
+			result := make([]int, len(a)+len(b))
+			copy(result, a)
+			copy(result[len(a):], b)
+			return result
+		})
+
+		// Convert to Kleisli arrow
+		sliceKleisli := FromSemigroup(sliceSemigroup)
+
+		// Create an endomorphism that appends [1, 2] (input is on the left)
+		appendOneTwo := sliceKleisli([]int{1, 2})
+
+		// Test the endomorphism - input is concatenated on the left, [1,2] on the right
+		result1 := appendOneTwo([]int{3, 4, 5})
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{3, 4, 5, 1, 2}, result1, "appendOneTwo([3,4,5]) should equal [3,4,5,1,2]")
+
+		result2 := appendOneTwo([]int{})
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2}, result2, "appendOneTwo([]) should equal [1,2]")
+
+		result3 := appendOneTwo([]int{10})
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{10, 1, 2}, result3, "appendOneTwo([10]) should equal [10,1,2]")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("max semigroup", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for max operation
+		maxSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+			if a > b {
+				return a
+			}
+			return b
+		})
+
+		// Convert to Kleisli arrow
+		maxKleisli := FromSemigroup(maxSemigroup)
+
+		// Create an endomorphism that takes max with 10
+		maxWithTen := maxKleisli(10)
+
+		// Test the endomorphism
+		assert.Equal(t, 15, maxWithTen(15), "maxWithTen(15) should equal 15")
+		assert.Equal(t, 10, maxWithTen(5), "maxWithTen(5) should equal 10")
+		assert.Equal(t, 10, maxWithTen(10), "maxWithTen(10) should equal 10")
+		assert.Equal(t, 10, maxWithTen(-5), "maxWithTen(-5) should equal 10")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("min semigroup", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for min operation
+		minSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+			if a < b {
+				return a
+			}
+			return b
+		})
+
+		// Convert to Kleisli arrow
+		minKleisli := FromSemigroup(minSemigroup)
+
+		// Create an endomorphism that takes min with 10
+		minWithTen := minKleisli(10)
+
+		// Test the endomorphism
+		assert.Equal(t, 5, minWithTen(5), "minWithTen(5) should equal 5")
+		assert.Equal(t, 10, minWithTen(15), "minWithTen(15) should equal 10")
+		assert.Equal(t, 10, minWithTen(10), "minWithTen(10) should equal 10")
+		assert.Equal(t, -5, minWithTen(-5), "minWithTen(-5) should equal -5")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFromSemigroupComposition tests that endomorphisms created from semigroups can be composed
+func TestFromSemigroupComposition(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("compose addition endomorphisms", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for integer addition
+		addSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+			return a + b
+		})
+		addKleisli := FromSemigroup(addSemigroup)
+
+		// Create two endomorphisms
+		addFive := addKleisli(5)
+		addTen := addKleisli(10)
+
+		// Compose them (RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution)
+		composed := MonadCompose(addFive, addTen)
+
+		// Test composition: addTen first, then addFive
+		result := composed(3) // 3 + 10 = 13, then 13 + 5 = 18
+		assert.Equal(t, 18, result, "composed addition should work correctly")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("compose string endomorphisms", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for string concatenation
+		concatSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b string) string {
+			return a + b
+		})
+		concatKleisli := FromSemigroup(concatSemigroup)
+
+		// Create two endomorphisms
+		appendHello := concatKleisli("Hello, ")
+		appendExclamation := concatKleisli("!")
+
+		// Compose them (RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution)
+		composed := MonadCompose(appendHello, appendExclamation)
+
+		// Test composition: appendExclamation first, then appendHello
+		// "World" + "!" = "World!", then "World!" + "Hello, " = "World!Hello, "
+		result := composed("World")
+		assert.Equal(t, "World!Hello, ", result, "composed string operations should work correctly")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFromSemigroupWithMonoid tests using FromSemigroup-created endomorphisms with monoid operations
+func TestFromSemigroupWithMonoid(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("monoid concat with addition endomorphisms", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for integer addition
+		addSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+			return a + b
+		})
+		addKleisli := FromSemigroup(addSemigroup)
+
+		// Create multiple endomorphisms
+		addOne := addKleisli(1)
+		addTwo := addKleisli(2)
+		addThree := addKleisli(3)
+
+		// Use monoid to combine them
+		monoid := Monoid[int]()
+		combined := monoid.Concat(monoid.Concat(addOne, addTwo), addThree)
+
+		// Test: RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution: addThree, then addTwo, then addOne
+		result := combined(10) // 10 + 3 = 13, 13 + 2 = 15, 15 + 1 = 16
+		assert.Equal(t, 16, result, "monoid combination should work correctly")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFromSemigroupAssociativity tests that the semigroup associativity is preserved
+func TestFromSemigroupAssociativity(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("addition associativity", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for integer addition
+		addSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+			return a + b
+		})
+		addKleisli := FromSemigroup(addSemigroup)
+
+		// Create three endomorphisms
+		addTwo := addKleisli(2)
+		addThree := addKleisli(3)
+		addFive := addKleisli(5)
+
+		// Test associativity: (a . b) . c = a . (b . c)
+		left := MonadCompose(MonadCompose(addTwo, addThree), addFive)
+		right := MonadCompose(addTwo, MonadCompose(addThree, addFive))
+
+		testValue := 10
+		assert.Equal(t, left(testValue), right(testValue), "composition should be associative")
+
+		// Both should equal: 10 + 5 + 3 + 2 = 20
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, left(testValue), "left composition should equal 20")
+		assert.Equal(t, 20, right(testValue), "right composition should equal 20")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("string concatenation associativity", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for string concatenation
+		concatSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b string) string {
+			return a + b
+		})
+		concatKleisli := FromSemigroup(concatSemigroup)
+
+		// Create three endomorphisms
+		appendA := concatKleisli("A")
+		appendB := concatKleisli("B")
+		appendC := concatKleisli("C")
+
+		// Test associativity: (a . b) . c = a . (b . c)
+		left := MonadCompose(MonadCompose(appendA, appendB), appendC)
+		right := MonadCompose(appendA, MonadCompose(appendB, appendC))
+
+		testValue := "X"
+		assert.Equal(t, left(testValue), right(testValue), "string composition should be associative")
+
+		// Both should equal: "X" + "C" + "B" + "A" = "XCBA" (RIGHT-TO-LEFT composition)
+		assert.Equal(t, "XCBA", left(testValue), "left composition should equal 'XCBA'")
+		assert.Equal(t, "XCBA", right(testValue), "right composition should equal 'XCBA'")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFromSemigroupEdgeCases tests edge cases and boundary conditions
+func TestFromSemigroupEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("zero values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Test with addition and zero
+		addSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+			return a + b
+		})
+		addKleisli := FromSemigroup(addSemigroup)
+
+		addZero := addKleisli(0)
+		assert.Equal(t, 5, addZero(5), "adding zero should not change the value")
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, addZero(0), "adding zero to zero should be zero")
+		assert.Equal(t, -3, addZero(-3), "adding zero to negative should not change")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty string", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Test with string concatenation and empty string
+		concatSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b string) string {
+			return a + b
+		})
+		concatKleisli := FromSemigroup(concatSemigroup)
+
+		prependEmpty := concatKleisli("")
+		assert.Equal(t, "hello", prependEmpty("hello"), "prepending empty string should not change")
+		assert.Equal(t, "", prependEmpty(""), "prepending empty to empty should be empty")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Test with slice concatenation and empty slice
+		sliceSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b []int) []int {
+			result := make([]int, len(a)+len(b))
+			copy(result, a)
+			copy(result[len(a):], b)
+			return result
+		})
+		sliceKleisli := FromSemigroup(sliceSemigroup)
+
+		prependEmpty := sliceKleisli([]int{})
+		result := prependEmpty([]int{1, 2, 3})
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3}, result, "prepending empty slice should not change")
+
+		emptyResult := prependEmpty([]int{})
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{}, emptyResult, "prepending empty to empty should be empty")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestFromSemigroupDataLastPrinciple explicitly tests that FromSemigroup follows the "data last" principle
+func TestFromSemigroupDataLastPrinciple(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("data last with string concatenation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for string concatenation
+		// Concat(a, b) = a + b
+		concatSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b string) string {
+			return a + b
+		})
+
+		// FromSemigroup uses Bind2of2, which binds the second parameter
+		// So FromSemigroup(s)(x) creates: func(input) = Concat(input, x)
+		// This is "data last" - the input data comes first, bound value comes last
+		kleisli := FromSemigroup(concatSemigroup)
+
+		// Bind "World" as the second parameter
+		appendWorld := kleisli("World")
+
+		// When we call appendWorld("Hello"), it computes Concat("Hello", "World")
+		// The input "Hello" is the first parameter (data), "World" is the second (bound value)
+		result := appendWorld("Hello")
+		assert.Equal(t, "HelloWorld", result, "Data last: Concat(input='Hello', bound='World') = 'HelloWorld'")
+
+		// Verify with different input
+		result2 := appendWorld("Goodbye")
+		assert.Equal(t, "GoodbyeWorld", result2, "Data last: Concat(input='Goodbye', bound='World') = 'GoodbyeWorld'")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("data last with integer addition", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for integer addition
+		// Concat(a, b) = a + b
+		addSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+			return a + b
+		})
+
+		// FromSemigroup binds the second parameter
+		// So FromSemigroup(s)(5) creates: func(input) = Concat(input, 5) = input + 5
+		kleisli := FromSemigroup(addSemigroup)
+
+		// Bind 5 as the second parameter
+		addFive := kleisli(5)
+
+		// When we call addFive(10), it computes Concat(10, 5) = 10 + 5 = 15
+		// The input 10 is the first parameter (data), 5 is the second (bound value)
+		result := addFive(10)
+		assert.Equal(t, 15, result, "Data last: Concat(input=10, bound=5) = 15")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("data last with non-commutative operation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for a non-commutative operation to clearly show order
+		// Concat(a, b) = a - b (subtraction is not commutative)
+		subSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+			return a - b
+		})
+
+		// FromSemigroup binds the second parameter
+		// So FromSemigroup(s)(5) creates: func(input) = Concat(input, 5) = input - 5
+		kleisli := FromSemigroup(subSemigroup)
+
+		// Bind 5 as the second parameter
+		subtractFive := kleisli(5)
+
+		// When we call subtractFive(10), it computes Concat(10, 5) = 10 - 5 = 5
+		// The input 10 is the first parameter (data), 5 is the second (bound value)
+		result := subtractFive(10)
+		assert.Equal(t, 5, result, "Data last: Concat(input=10, bound=5) = 10 - 5 = 5")
+
+		// If it were "data first" (binding first parameter), we would get:
+		// Concat(5, 10) = 5 - 10 = -5, which is NOT what we get
+		assert.NotEqual(t, -5, result, "Not data first: result is NOT Concat(bound=5, input=10) = 5 - 10 = -5")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("data last with list concatenation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Create a semigroup for list concatenation
+		// Concat(a, b) = a ++ b
+		listSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b []int) []int {
+			result := make([]int, len(a)+len(b))
+			copy(result, a)
+			copy(result[len(a):], b)
+			return result
+		})
+
+		// FromSemigroup binds the second parameter
+		// So FromSemigroup(s)([3,4]) creates: func(input) = Concat(input, [3,4])
+		kleisli := FromSemigroup(listSemigroup)
+
+		// Bind [3, 4] as the second parameter
+		appendThreeFour := kleisli([]int{3, 4})
+
+		// When we call appendThreeFour([1,2]), it computes Concat([1,2], [3,4]) = [1,2,3,4]
+		// The input [1,2] is the first parameter (data), [3,4] is the second (bound value)
+		result := appendThreeFour([]int{1, 2})
+		assert.Equal(t, []int{1, 2, 3, 4}, result, "Data last: Concat(input=[1,2], bound=[3,4]) = [1,2,3,4]")
+	})
+}
+
+// BenchmarkFromSemigroup benchmarks the FromSemigroup function
+func BenchmarkFromSemigroup(b *testing.B) {
+	addSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+		return a + b
+	})
+	addKleisli := FromSemigroup(addSemigroup)
+	addFive := addKleisli(5)
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for b.Loop() {
+		_ = addFive(10)
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkFromSemigroupComposition benchmarks composed endomorphisms from semigroups
+func BenchmarkFromSemigroupComposition(b *testing.B) {
+	addSemigroup := S.MakeSemigroup(func(a, b int) int {
+		return a + b
+	})
+	addKleisli := FromSemigroup(addSemigroup)
+
+	addFive := addKleisli(5)
+	addTen := addKleisli(10)
+	composed := MonadCompose(addFive, addTen)
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for b.Loop() {
+		_ = composed(3)
+	}
+}

v2/endomorphism/monoid.go

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func Identity[A any]() Endomorphism[A] {
 //
 //	sg := endomorphism.Semigroup[int]()
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //
 //	// Combine using the semigroup (RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution)
 //	combined := sg.Concat(double, increment)
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func Semigroup[A any]() S.Semigroup[Endomorphism[A]] {
 //
 //	monoid := endomorphism.Monoid[int]()
 //	double := N.Mul(2)
-//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+//	increment := N.Add(1)
 //	square := func(x int) int { return x * x }
 //
 //	// Combine multiple endomorphisms (RIGHT-TO-LEFT execution)

v2/endomorphism/types.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ type (
 	//
 	//	// Simple endomorphisms on integers
 	//	double := N.Mul(2)
-	//	increment := func(x int) int { return x + 1 }
+	//	increment := N.Add(1)
 	//
 	//	// Both are endomorphisms of type Endomorphism[int]
 	//	var f endomorphism.Endomorphism[int] = double

v2/eq/eq_test.go

@@ -72,9 +72,7 @@ func TestFromStrictEquals(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestFromEquals(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("case-insensitive string equality", func(t *testing.T) {
-		caseInsensitiveEq := FromEquals(func(a, b string) bool {
-			return strings.EqualFold(a, b)
-		})
+		caseInsensitiveEq := FromEquals(strings.EqualFold)
 
 		assert.True(t, caseInsensitiveEq.Equals("hello", "HELLO"))
 		assert.True(t, caseInsensitiveEq.Equals("Hello", "hello"))
@@ -243,9 +241,7 @@ func TestContramap(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("case-insensitive name comparison", func(t *testing.T) {
-		caseInsensitiveEq := FromEquals(func(a, b string) bool {
-			return strings.EqualFold(a, b)
-		})
+		caseInsensitiveEq := FromEquals(strings.EqualFold)
 
 		personEqByNameCI := Contramap(func(p Person) string {
 			return p.Name

v2/function/function.go

@@ -53,7 +53,10 @@ func Identity[A any](a A) A {
 //
 //	getMessage := Constant("Hello")
 //	msg := getMessage()  // "Hello"
+//
+//go:inline
 func Constant[A any](a A) func() A {
+	//go:inline
 	return func() A {
 		return a
 	}
@@ -81,7 +84,10 @@ func Constant[A any](a A) func() A {
 //
 //	defaultName := Constant1[int, string]("Unknown")
 //	name := defaultName(42)  // "Unknown"
+//
+//go:inline
 func Constant1[B, A any](a A) func(B) A {
+	//go:inline
 	return func(_ B) A {
 		return a
 	}
@@ -107,7 +113,10 @@ func Constant1[B, A any](a A) func(B) A {
 //
 //	alwaysTrue := Constant2[int, string, bool](true)
 //	result := alwaysTrue(42, "test")  // true
+//
+//go:inline
 func Constant2[B, C, A any](a A) func(B, C) A {
+	//go:inline
 	return func(_ B, _ C) A {
 		return a
 	}
@@ -128,6 +137,8 @@ func Constant2[B, C, A any](a A) func(B, C) A {
 //
 //	value := 42
 //	IsNil(&value)  // false
+//
+//go:inline
 func IsNil[A any](a *A) bool {
 	return a == nil
 }
@@ -149,6 +160,8 @@ func IsNil[A any](a *A) bool {
 //
 //	value := 42
 //	IsNonNil(&value)  // true
+//
+//go:inline
 func IsNonNil[A any](a *A) bool {
 	return a != nil
 }
@@ -207,6 +220,8 @@ func Swap[T1, T2, R any](f func(T1, T2) R) func(T2, T1) R {
 //
 //	result := First(42, "hello")  // 42
 //	result := First(true, 100)    // true
+//
+//go:inline
 func First[T1, T2 any](t1 T1, _ T2) T1 {
 	return t1
 }
@@ -231,6 +246,14 @@ func First[T1, T2 any](t1 T1, _ T2) T1 {
 //
 //	result := Second(42, "hello")  // "hello"
 //	result := Second(true, 100)    // 100
+//
+//go:inline
 func Second[T1, T2 any](_ T1, t2 T2) T2 {
 	return t2
 }
+
+// Zero returns the zero value of the given type.
+func Zero[A comparable]() A {
+	var zero A
+	return zero
+}

v2/function/gen.go

@@ -117,9 +117,13 @@ func Nullary2[F1 ~func() T1, F2 ~func(T1) T2, T1, T2 any](f1 F1, f2 F2) func() T
 
 // Curry2 takes a function with 2 parameters and returns a cascade of functions each taking only one parameter.
 // The inverse function is [Uncurry2]
+//go:inline
 func Curry2[FCT ~func(T0, T1) T2, T0, T1, T2 any](f FCT) func(T0) func(T1) T2 {
+	//go:inline
 	return func(t0 T0) func(t1 T1) T2 {
+		//go:inline
 		return func(t1 T1) T2 {
+			//go:inline
 			return f(t0, t1)
 		}
 	}

v2/function/ternary.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ package function
 // Example:
 //
 //	isPositive := func(n int) bool { return n > 0 }
-//	double := func(n int) int { return n * 2 }
+//	double := N.Mul(2)
 //	negate := func(n int) int { return -n }
 //
 //	transform := Ternary(isPositive, double, negate)
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ package function
 //	)
 //	result := classify(5)   // "positive"
 //	result2 := classify(-3) // "non-positive"
-func Ternary[A, B any](pred func(A) bool, onTrue func(A) B, onFalse func(A) B) func(A) B {
+func Ternary[A, B any](pred func(A) bool, onTrue, onFalse func(A) B) func(A) B {
 	return func(a A) B {
 		if pred(a) {
 			return onTrue(a)

v2/http/builder/builder.go

@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ func (builder *Builder) GetTargetURL() Result[string] {
 					parseQuery,
 					result.Map(F.Flow2(
 						F.Curry2(FM.ValuesMonoid.Concat)(builder.GetQuery()),
-						(url.Values).Encode,
+						url.Values.Encode,
 					)),
 				),
 			),
@@ -351,13 +351,13 @@ func Header(name string) Lens[*Builder, Option[string]] {
 		LZ.Map(delHeader(name)),
 	)
 
-	return L.MakeLens(get, func(b *Builder, value Option[string]) *Builder {
+	return L.MakeLensWithName(get, func(b *Builder, value Option[string]) *Builder {
 		cpy := b.clone()
 		return F.Pipe1(
 			value,
 			O.Fold(del(cpy), set(cpy)),
 		)
-	})
+	}, fmt.Sprintf("HttpHeader[%s]", name))
 }
 
 // WithHeader creates a [Endomorphism] for a certain header

v2/identity/doc.go

@@ -16,6 +16,18 @@
 /*
 Package identity implements the Identity monad, the simplest possible monad.
 
+# Fantasy Land Specification
+
+This implementation corresponds to the Fantasy Land Identity type:
+https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land
+
+Implemented Fantasy Land algebras:
+  - Functor: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#functor
+  - Apply: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#apply
+  - Applicative: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#applicative
+  - Chain: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#chain
+  - Monad: https://github.com/fantasyland/fantasy-land#monad
+
 # Overview
 
 The Identity monad is a trivial monad that simply wraps a value without adding
@@ -107,8 +119,8 @@ Chain for sequential composition:
 	// Chain multiple operations
 	result := F.Pipe2(
 	    10,
-	    identity.Chain(func(n int) int { return n * 2 }),
-	    identity.Chain(func(n int) int { return n + 5 }),
+	    identity.Chain(N.Mul(2)),
+	    identity.Chain(N.Add(5)),
 	)
 	// result is 25
 
@@ -177,8 +189,8 @@ Convert tuples of Identity values:
 	// Traverse with transformation
 	tuple := T.MakeTuple2(1, 2)
 	result := identity.TraverseTuple2(
-	    func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-	    func(n int) int { return n * 3 },
+	    N.Mul(2),
+	    N.Mul(3),
 	)(tuple)
 	// result is T.Tuple2[int, int]{2, 6}
 
@@ -211,7 +223,7 @@ Example of generic code:
 	) M {
 	    return F.Pipe2(
 	        monad.Of(value),
-	        monad.Map(func(n int) int { return n * 2 }),
+	        monad.Map(N.Mul(2)),
 	        monad.Map(func(n int) string { return fmt.Sprintf("%d", n) }),
 	    )
 	}

v2/identity/identity_test.go

@@ -17,10 +17,13 @@ package identity
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
 	"testing"
 
 	F "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/function"
 	"github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/internal/utils"
+	N "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/number"
+	S "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/string"
 	T "github.com/IBM/fp-go/v2/tuple"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -51,17 +54,15 @@ func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("transforms string", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := F.Pipe1("hello", Map(func(s string) int {
-			return len(s)
-		}))
+		result := F.Pipe1("hello", Map(S.Size))
 		assert.Equal(t, 5, result)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("chains multiple maps", func(t *testing.T) {
 		result := F.Pipe2(
 			5,
-			Map(func(n int) int { return n * 2 }),
-			Map(func(n int) int { return n + 3 }),
+			Map(N.Mul(2)),
+			Map(N.Add(3)),
 		)
 		assert.Equal(t, 13, result)
 	})
@@ -69,14 +70,12 @@ func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestMonadMap(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("transforms value", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := MonadMap(10, func(n int) int { return n * 3 })
+		result := MonadMap(10, N.Mul(3))
 		assert.Equal(t, 30, result)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("changes type", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := MonadMap(42, func(n int) string {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Number: %d", n)
-		})
+		result := MonadMap(42, S.Format[int]("Number: %d"))
 		assert.Equal(t, "Number: 42", result)
 	})
 }
@@ -109,23 +108,21 @@ func TestChain(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("chains multiple operations", func(t *testing.T) {
 		result := F.Pipe2(
 			10,
-			Chain(func(n int) int { return n * 2 }),
-			Chain(func(n int) int { return n + 5 }),
+			Chain(N.Mul(2)),
+			Chain(N.Add(5)),
 		)
 		assert.Equal(t, 25, result)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("changes type", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := F.Pipe1(5, Chain(func(n int) string {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Value: %d", n)
-		}))
+		result := F.Pipe1(5, Chain(S.Format[int]("Value: %d")))
 		assert.Equal(t, "Value: 5", result)
 	})
 }
 
 func TestMonadChain(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("chains computation", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := MonadChain(7, func(n int) int { return n * 7 })
+		result := MonadChain(7, N.Mul(7))
 		assert.Equal(t, 49, result)
 	})
 }
@@ -148,7 +145,7 @@ func TestChainFirst(t *testing.T) {
 		result := F.Pipe2(
 			10,
 			ChainFirst(func(n int) string { return "ignored" }),
-			Map(func(n int) int { return n * 2 }),
+			Map(N.Mul(2)),
 		)
 		assert.Equal(t, 20, result)
 	})
@@ -156,9 +153,7 @@ func TestChainFirst(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestMonadChainFirst(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("keeps original value", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := MonadChainFirst(100, func(n int) string {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)
-		})
+		result := MonadChainFirst(100, strconv.Itoa)
 		assert.Equal(t, 100, result)
 	})
 }
@@ -170,17 +165,13 @@ func TestAp(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("applies curried function", func(t *testing.T) {
-		add := func(a int) func(int) int {
-			return func(b int) int { return a + b }
-		}
+		add := N.Add[int]
 		result := F.Pipe1(add(10), Ap[int](5))
 		assert.Equal(t, 15, result)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("changes type", func(t *testing.T) {
-		toString := func(n int) string {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Number: %d", n)
-		}
+		toString := S.Format[int]("Number: %d")
 		result := F.Pipe1(toString, Ap[string](42))
 		assert.Equal(t, "Number: 42", result)
 	})
@@ -188,22 +179,22 @@ func TestAp(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestMonadAp(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("applies function to value", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := MonadAp(func(n int) int { return n * 3 }, 7)
+		result := MonadAp(N.Mul(3), 7)
 		assert.Equal(t, 21, result)
 	})
 }
 
 func TestFlap(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("flips application", func(t *testing.T) {
-		double := func(n int) int { return n * 2 }
+		double := N.Mul(2)
 		result := F.Pipe1(double, Flap[int](5))
 		assert.Equal(t, 10, result)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("with multiple functions", func(t *testing.T) {
 		funcs := []func(int) int{
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 10 },
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Add(10),
 			func(n int) int { return n * n },
 		}
 
@@ -218,9 +209,7 @@ func TestFlap(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestMonadFlap(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("applies value to function", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result := MonadFlap(func(n int) string {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Value: %d", n)
-		}, 42)
+		result := MonadFlap(S.Format[int]("Value: %d"), 42)
 		assert.Equal(t, "Value: 42", result)
 	})
 }
@@ -391,8 +380,8 @@ func TestTraverseTuple(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("TraverseTuple2", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tuple := T.MakeTuple2(1, 2)
 		result := TraverseTuple2(
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 3 },
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(3),
 		)(tuple)
 		assert.Equal(t, T.MakeTuple2(2, 6), result)
 	})
@@ -400,7 +389,7 @@ func TestTraverseTuple(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("TraverseTuple3", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tuple := T.MakeTuple3(1, 2, 3)
 		result := TraverseTuple3(
-			func(n int) int { return n + 10 },
+			N.Add(10),
 			func(n int) int { return n + 20 },
 			func(n int) int { return n + 30 },
 		)(tuple)
@@ -426,15 +415,11 @@ func TestMonad(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, 42, value)
 
 		// Test Map
-		mapped := m.Map(func(n int) string {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Number: %d", n)
-		})(value)
+		mapped := m.Map(S.Format[int]("Number: %d"))(value)
 		assert.Equal(t, "Number: 42", mapped)
 
 		// Test Chain
-		chained := m.Chain(func(n int) string {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Value: %d", n)
-		})(value)
+		chained := m.Chain(S.Format[int]("Value: %d"))(value)
 		assert.Equal(t, "Value: 42", chained)
 
 		// Test Ap
@@ -450,7 +435,7 @@ func TestMonadLaws(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("left identity", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Of(a).Chain(f) === f(a)
 		a := 42
-		f := func(n int) int { return n * 2 }
+		f := N.Mul(2)
 
 		left := F.Pipe1(Of(a), Chain(f))
 		right := f(a)
@@ -470,8 +455,8 @@ func TestMonadLaws(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("associativity", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// m.Chain(f).Chain(g) === m.Chain(x => f(x).Chain(g))
 		m := 5
-		f := func(n int) int { return n * 2 }
-		g := func(n int) int { return n + 10 }
+		f := N.Mul(2)
+		g := N.Add(10)
 
 		left := F.Pipe2(m, Chain(f), Chain(g))
 		right := F.Pipe1(m, Chain(func(x int) int {
@@ -496,8 +481,8 @@ func TestFunctorLaws(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("composition", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Map(f).Map(g) === Map(g ∘ f)
 		value := 5
-		f := func(n int) int { return n * 2 }
-		g := func(n int) int { return n + 10 }
+		f := N.Mul(2)
+		g := N.Add(10)
 
 		left := F.Pipe2(value, Map(f), Map(g))
 		right := F.Pipe1(value, Map(F.Flow2(f, g)))
@@ -541,7 +526,7 @@ func TestTraverseTuple4(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("traverses tuple4", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tuple := T.MakeTuple4(1, 2, 3, 4)
 		result := TraverseTuple4(
-			func(n int) int { return n + 10 },
+			N.Add(10),
 			func(n int) int { return n + 20 },
 			func(n int) int { return n + 30 },
 			func(n int) int { return n + 40 },
@@ -570,8 +555,8 @@ func TestTraverseTuple5(t *testing.T) {
 		tuple := T.MakeTuple5(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
 		result := TraverseTuple5(
 			func(n int) int { return n * 1 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 3 },
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(3),
 			func(n int) int { return n * 4 },
 			func(n int) int { return n * 5 },
 		)(tuple)
@@ -598,11 +583,11 @@ func TestTraverseTuple6(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("traverses tuple6", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tuple := T.MakeTuple6(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
 		result := TraverseTuple6(
-			func(n int) int { return n + 1 },
+			N.Add(1),
 			func(n int) int { return n + 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 3 },
+			N.Add(3),
 			func(n int) int { return n + 4 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 5 },
+			N.Add(5),
 			func(n int) int { return n + 6 },
 		)(tuple)
 		assert.Equal(t, T.MakeTuple6(2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12), result)
@@ -691,15 +676,15 @@ func TestTraverseTuple9(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("traverses tuple9", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tuple := T.MakeTuple9(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
 		result := TraverseTuple9(
-			func(n int) int { return n + 1 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 1 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 1 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 1 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 1 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 1 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 1 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 1 },
-			func(n int) int { return n + 1 },
+			N.Add(1),
+			N.Add(1),
+			N.Add(1),
+			N.Add(1),
+			N.Add(1),
+			N.Add(1),
+			N.Add(1),
+			N.Add(1),
+			N.Add(1),
 		)(tuple)
 		assert.Equal(t, T.MakeTuple9(2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), result)
 	})
@@ -724,16 +709,16 @@ func TestTraverseTuple10(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("traverses tuple10", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tuple := T.MakeTuple10(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
 		result := TraverseTuple10(
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
-			func(n int) int { return n * 2 },
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(2),
+			N.Mul(2),
 		)(tuple)
 		assert.Equal(t, T.MakeTuple10(2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20), result)
 	})

v2/idiomatic/REVIEW_SUMMARY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+# Idiomatic Package Review Summary
+
+**Date:** 2025-11-26  
+**Reviewer:** Code Review Assistant
+
+## Overview
+
+This document summarizes the comprehensive review of the `idiomatic` package and its subpackages, including documentation fixes, additions, and test coverage analysis.
+
+## Documentation Improvements
+
+### 1. Main Package (`idiomatic/`)
+- ✅ **Status:** Documentation is comprehensive and well-structured
+- **File:** `doc.go` (505 lines)
+- **Quality:** Excellent - includes overview, performance comparisons, usage examples, and best practices
+
+### 2. Option Package (`idiomatic/option/`)
+- ✅ **Fixed:** Added missing copyright headers to `types.go` and `function.go`
+- ✅ **Fixed:** Added comprehensive documentation for type aliases in `types.go`
+- ✅ **Fixed:** Enhanced function documentation in `function.go` with examples
+- ✅ **Fixed:** Added missing documentation for `FromZero`, `FromNonZero`, and `FromEq` functions
+- **Files Updated:**
+  - `types.go` - Added copyright header and type documentation
+  - `function.go` - Added copyright header and improved function docs
+  - `option.go` - Enhanced documentation for utility functions
+
+### 3. Result Package (`idiomatic/result/`)
+- ✅ **Fixed:** Added missing copyright header to `function.go`
+- ✅ **Fixed:** Enhanced function documentation with examples
+- **Files Updated:**
+  - `function.go` - Added copyright header and improved documentation
+  - `types.go` - Already had good documentation
+
+### 4. IOResult Package (`idiomatic/ioresult/`)
+- ✅ **Status:** Documentation is comprehensive
+- **File:** `doc.go` (198 lines)
+- **Quality:** Excellent - includes detailed explanations of IO operations, lazy evaluation, and side effects
+
+### 5. ReaderIOResult Package (`idiomatic/readerioresult/`)
+- ✅ **Created:** New `doc.go` file (96 lines)
+- ✅ **Fixed:** Added comprehensive type documentation to `types.go`
+- **New Documentation Includes:**
+  - Package overview and use cases
+  - Basic usage examples
+  - Composition patterns
+  - Error handling strategies
+  - Relationship to other monads
+
+### 6. ReaderResult Package (`idiomatic/readerresult/`)
+- ✅ **Fixed:** Added comprehensive type documentation to `types.go`
+- **Existing:** `doc.go` already present (178 lines) with excellent documentation
+
+## Test Coverage Analysis
+
+### Option Package Tests
+**File:** `idiomatic/option/option_test.go`
+
+**Existing Coverage:**
+- ✅ `IsNone` - Tested
+- ✅ `IsSome` - Tested
+- ✅ `Map` - Tested
+- ✅ `Ap` - Tested
+- ✅ `Chain` - Tested
+- ✅ `ChainTo` - Comprehensive tests with multiple scenarios
+
+**Missing Tests (Commented Out):**
+- ⚠️ `Flatten` - Test commented out
+- ⚠️ `Fold` - Test commented out
+- ⚠️ `FromPredicate` - Test commented out
+- ⚠️ `Alt` - Test commented out
+
+**Recommendations:**
+1. Uncomment and fix the commented-out tests
+2. Add tests for:
+   - `FromZero`
+   - `FromNonZero`
+   - `FromEq`
+   - `FromNillable`
+   - `MapTo`
+   - `GetOrElse`
+   - `ChainFirst`
+   - `Reduce`
+   - `Filter`
+   - `Flap`
+   - `ToString`
+
+### Result Package Tests
+**File:** `idiomatic/result/either_test.go`
+
+**Existing Coverage:**
+- ✅ `IsLeft` - Tested
+- ✅ `IsRight` - Tested
+- ✅ `Map` - Tested
+- ✅ `Ap` - Tested
+- ✅ `Alt` - Tested
+- ✅ `ChainFirst` - Tested
+- ✅ `ChainOptionK` - Tested
+- ✅ `FromOption` - Tested
+- ✅ `ToString` - Tested
+
+**Missing Tests:**
+- ⚠️ `Of` - Not explicitly tested
+- ⚠️ `BiMap` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `MapTo` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `MapLeft` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `Chain` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `ChainTo` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `ToOption` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `FromError` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `ToError` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `Fold` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `FromPredicate` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `FromNillable` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `GetOrElse` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `Reduce` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `OrElse` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `ToType` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `Memoize` - Not tested
+- ⚠️ `Flap` - Not tested
+
+### IOResult Package Tests
+**File:** `idiomatic/ioresult/monad_test.go`
+
+**Existing Coverage:** ✅ **EXCELLENT**
+- ✅ Comprehensive monad law tests (left identity, right identity, associativity)
+- ✅ Functor law tests (composition, identity)
+- ✅ Pointed, Functor, and Monad interface tests
+- ✅ Parallel vs Sequential execution tests
+- ✅ Integration tests with complex pipelines
+- ✅ Error handling scenarios
+
+**Status:** This package has exemplary test coverage and can serve as a model for other packages.
+
+### ReaderIOResult Package
+**Status:** ⚠️ **NO TESTS FOUND**
+
+**Recommendations:**
+Create comprehensive test suite covering:
+- Basic construction and execution
+- Map, Chain, Ap operations
+- Error handling
+- Environment dependency injection
+- Integration with IOResult
+
+### ReaderResult Package
+**Files:** Multiple test files exist
+- `array_test.go`
+- `bind_test.go`
+- `curry_test.go`
+- `from_test.go`
+- `monoid_test.go`
+- `reader_test.go`
+- `sequence_test.go`
+
+**Status:** ✅ Good coverage exists
+
+## Subpackages Review
+
+### Packages Requiring Review:
+1. **idiomatic/option/number/** - Needs documentation and test review
+2. **idiomatic/option/testing/** - Contains disabled test files (`laws_test._go`, `laws._go`)
+3. **idiomatic/result/exec/** - Needs review
+4. **idiomatic/result/http/** - Needs review
+5. **idiomatic/result/testing/** - Contains disabled test files
+6. **idiomatic/ioresult/exec/** - Needs review
+7. **idiomatic/ioresult/file/** - Needs review
+8. **idiomatic/ioresult/http/** - Needs review
+9. **idiomatic/ioresult/http/builder/** - Needs review
+10. **idiomatic/ioresult/testing/** - Needs review
+
+## Priority Recommendations
+
+### High Priority
+1. **Enable Commented Tests:** Uncomment and fix tests in `option/option_test.go`
+2. **Add Missing Option Tests:** Create tests for all untested functions in option package
+3. **Add Missing Result Tests:** Create comprehensive test suite for result package
+4. **Create ReaderIOResult Tests:** This package has no tests at all
+
+### Medium Priority
+5. **Review Subpackages:** Systematically review exec, file, http, and testing subpackages
+6. **Enable Testing Package Tests:** Investigate why `laws_test._go` files are disabled
+
+### Low Priority
+7. **Benchmark Tests:** Consider adding benchmark tests for performance-critical operations
+8. **Property-Based Tests:** Consider adding property-based tests using testing/quick
+
+## Files Modified in This Review
+
+1. `idiomatic/option/types.go` - Added copyright and documentation
+2. `idiomatic/option/function.go` - Added copyright and enhanced docs
+3. `idiomatic/option/option.go` - Enhanced function documentation
+4. `idiomatic/result/function.go` - Added copyright and enhanced docs
+5. `idiomatic/readerioresult/doc.go` - **CREATED NEW FILE**
+6. `idiomatic/readerioresult/types.go` - Added comprehensive type docs
+7. `idiomatic/readerresult/types.go` - Added comprehensive type docs
+
+## Summary Statistics
+
+- **Packages Reviewed:** 6 main packages
+- **Documentation Files Created:** 1 (readerioresult/doc.go)
+- **Files Modified:** 7
+- **Lines of Documentation Added:** ~150+
+- **Test Coverage Status:**
+  - ✅ Excellent: ioresult
+  - ✅ Good: readerresult
+  - ⚠️ Needs Improvement: option, result
+  - ⚠️ Missing: readerioresult
+
+## Next Steps
+
+1. Create missing unit tests for option package functions
+2. Create missing unit tests for result package functions
+3. Create complete test suite for readerioresult package
+4. Review and document subpackages (exec, file, http, testing, number)
+5. Investigate and potentially enable disabled test files in testing subpackages
+6. Consider adding integration tests that demonstrate real-world usage patterns
+
+## Conclusion
+
+The idiomatic package has excellent documentation at the package level, with comprehensive explanations of concepts, usage patterns, and performance characteristics. The main areas for improvement are:
+
+1. **Test Coverage:** Several functions lack unit tests, particularly in option and result packages
+2. **Subpackage Documentation:** Some subpackages need documentation review
+3. **Disabled Tests:** Some test files are disabled and should be investigated
+
+The IOResult package serves as an excellent example of comprehensive testing, including monad law verification and integration tests. This approach should be replicated across other packages.