Track context containing span in recordingSpan (#7354)

Avoid the allocation of re-embedding the span in a context on end by
keeping the one created on start in the span.

### Benchmarks

```
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace
cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8550U CPU @ 1.80GHz
                                  │  main.out   │    trace-recording-span-ctx.out     │
                                  │   sec/op    │   sec/op     vs base                │
SpanEnd/ObservabilityEnabled-8      248.2n ± 5%   186.2n ± 4%  -24.94% (p=0.000 n=20)
TraceStart/ObservabilityEnabled-8   935.8n ± 2%   995.9n ± 4%   +6.43% (p=0.000 n=20)
geomean                             481.9n        430.7n       -10.62%

                                  │  main.out  │     trace-recording-span-ctx.out     │
                                  │    B/op    │    B/op     vs base                  │
SpanEnd/ObservabilityEnabled-8      64.00 ± 0%   16.00 ± 0%  -75.00% (p=0.000 n=20)
TraceStart/ObservabilityEnabled-8   608.0 ± 0%   608.0 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=20) ¹
geomean                             197.3        98.63       -50.00%
¹ all samples are equal

                                  │  main.out  │     trace-recording-span-ctx.out     │
                                  │ allocs/op  │ allocs/op   vs base                  │
SpanEnd/ObservabilityEnabled-8      2.000 ± 0%   1.000 ± 0%  -50.00% (p=0.000 n=20)
TraceStart/ObservabilityEnabled-8   5.000 ± 0%   5.000 ± 0%        ~ (p=1.000 n=20) ¹
geomean                             3.162        2.236       -29.29%
¹ all samples are equal
```

sdk/trace/span.go

@@ -151,6 +151,12 @@ type recordingSpan struct {
 
 	// tracer is the SDK tracer that created this span.
 	tracer *tracer
+
+	// origCtx is the context used when starting this span that has the
+	// recordingSpan instance set as the active span. If not nil, it is used
+	// when ending the span to ensure any metrics are recorded with a context
+	// containing this span without requiring an additional allocation.
+	origCtx context.Context
 }
 
 var (
@@ -158,6 +164,10 @@ var (
 	_ runtimeTracer = (*recordingSpan)(nil)
 )
 
+func (s *recordingSpan) setOrigCtx(ctx context.Context) {
+	s.origCtx = ctx
+}
+
 // SpanContext returns the SpanContext of this span.
 func (s *recordingSpan) SpanContext() trace.SpanContext {
 	if s == nil {
@@ -497,13 +507,17 @@ func (s *recordingSpan) End(options ...trace.SpanEndOption) {
 	s.mu.Unlock()
 
 	if s.tracer.observabilityEnabled {
-		defer func() {
-			// Add the span to the context to ensure the metric is recorded
-			// with the correct span context.
-			ctx := trace.ContextWithSpan(context.Background(), s)
+		ctx := s.origCtx
+		if ctx == nil {
+			// This should not happen as the origCtx should be set, but
+			// ensure trace information is propagated in the case of an
+			// error.
+			ctx = trace.ContextWithSpan(context.Background(), s)
+		}
+		defer func(ctx context.Context) {
 			set := spanLiveSet(s.spanContext.IsSampled())
 			s.tracer.spanLiveMetric.AddSet(ctx, -1, set)
-		}()
+		}(ctx)
 	}
 
 	sps := s.tracer.provider.getSpanProcessors()

sdk/trace/trace_test.go

@@ -2780,15 +2780,8 @@ func TestObservabilityContextPropagation(t *testing.T) {
 			isValid := s.SpanContext().IsValid()
 			assert.True(t, isValid, "Context should have a valid span")
 
-			if s.IsRecording() {
-				// Check if the context value is propagated correctly for Span
-				// starts. The Span end operation does not receive any user
-				// context so do not check this if the span is not recording
-				// (i.e. end operation).
-
-				got := ctx.Value(ctxKey)
-				assert.Equal(t, want, got, "Context value not propagated")
-			}
+			got := ctx.Value(ctxKey)
+			assert.Equal(t, want, got, "Context value not propagated")
 		}
 		n <- count
 	}()

sdk/trace/tracer.go

@@ -54,6 +54,14 @@ func (tr *tracer) Start(
 	s := tr.newSpan(ctx, name, &config)
 	newCtx := trace.ContextWithSpan(ctx, s)
 	if tr.observabilityEnabled {
+		if o, ok := s.(interface{ setOrigCtx(context.Context) }); ok {
+			// If this is a recording span, store the original context.
+			// This allows later retrieval of baggage and other information
+			// that may have been stored in the context at span start time and
+			// to avoid the allocation of repeatedly calling
+			// trace.ContextWithSpan.
+			o.setOrigCtx(newCtx)
+		}
 		psc := trace.SpanContextFromContext(ctx)
 		set := spanStartedSet(psc, s)
 		tr.spanStartedMetric.AddSet(newCtx, 1, set)