sdk/log: Add processor benchmarks (#5448)

Towards https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go/issues/5219

Towards https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go/issues/5054

This benchmarks are supposed
- Validate the the `Processor` interface design from performance
perspective. E.g. they are used to check if a processor that is
modifying a log record is causing an additional heap allocations.
- Benchmark the processors supported by the SDK.

These are "almost-end-to-end" benchmarks (with noopExporter) so that it
checks the performance of the SDK log processing without the actual
exporting part.

```
cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10885H CPU @ 2.40GHz
BenchmarkProcessor/Simple-16         	 1990946	       644.6 ns/op	     417 B/op	       1 allocs/op
BenchmarkProcessor/Batch-16          	  835135	      1211 ns/op	     597 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkProcessor/ModifyTimestampSimple-16         	 1782510	       644.3 ns/op	     417 B/op	       1 allocs/op
BenchmarkProcessor/ModifyTimestampBatch-16          	  945699	      1222 ns/op	     637 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkProcessor/ModifyAttributesSimple-16        	 1570214	       717.6 ns/op	     465 B/op	       2 allocs/op
BenchmarkProcessor/ModifyAttributesBatch-16         	  768399	      1383 ns/op	     653 B/op	       1 allocs/op
```

sdk/log/bench_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package log
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func BenchmarkProcessor(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		f    func() Processor
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Simple",
+			f: func() Processor {
+				return NewSimpleProcessor(noopExporter{})
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Batch",
+			f: func() Processor {
+				return NewBatchProcessor(noopExporter{})
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ModifyTimestampSimple",
+			f: func() Processor {
+				return timestampDecorator{NewSimpleProcessor(noopExporter{})}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ModifyTimestampBatch",
+			f: func() Processor {
+				return timestampDecorator{NewBatchProcessor(noopExporter{})}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ModifyAttributesSimple",
+			f: func() Processor {
+				return attrDecorator{NewSimpleProcessor(noopExporter{})}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ModifyAttributesBatch",
+			f: func() Processor {
+				return attrDecorator{NewBatchProcessor(noopExporter{})}
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		b.Run(tc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			provider := NewLoggerProvider(WithProcessor(tc.f()))
+			b.Cleanup(func() { assert.NoError(b, provider.Shutdown(context.Background())) })
+			logger := provider.Logger(b.Name())
+
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+				for pb.Next() {
+					r := log.Record{}
+					r.SetBody(log.StringValue("message"))
+					r.SetSeverity(log.SeverityInfo)
+					r.AddAttributes(
+						log.String("foo", "bar"),
+						log.Float64("float", 3.14),
+						log.Int("int", 123),
+						log.Bool("bool", true),
+					)
+					logger.Emit(context.Background(), r)
+				}
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type timestampDecorator struct {
+	Processor
+}
+
+func (e timestampDecorator) OnEmit(ctx context.Context, r Record) error {
+	r = r.Clone()
+	r.SetObservedTimestamp(time.Date(1988, time.November, 17, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC))
+	return e.Processor.OnEmit(ctx, r)
+}
+
+type attrDecorator struct {
+	Processor
+}
+
+func (e attrDecorator) OnEmit(ctx context.Context, r Record) error {
+	r = r.Clone()
+	r.SetAttributes(log.String("replace", "me"))
+	return e.Processor.OnEmit(ctx, r)
+}