task/docs/i18n/zh-Hans/docusaurus-plugin-content-docs/current/usage.md

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使用指南

快速入门

在项目的根目录中创建一个名为 Taskfile.yml 的文件。 cmds 属性应包含 task 的命令。 下面的示例允许编译 Go 应用程序并使用 esbuild 将多个 CSS 文件合并并缩小为一个文件。

version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    cmds:
      - go build -v -i main.go

  assets:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify css/index.css > public/bundle.css

运行 task 就这样简单：

task assets build

Task 使用 mvdan.cc/sh，一个原生的 Go sh 解释器。 因此，您可以编写 sh/bash 命令，它甚至可以在 Windows 上运行，而 sh 或 bash 通常不可用。 请记住，任何被调用的可执行文件都必须在操作系统或 PATH 中可用。

如果不传 task 的名字，默认会调用 "default"。

支持的文件名称

Task 会按以下顺序查找配置文件:

• Taskfile.yml
• Taskfile.yaml
• Taskfile.dist.yml
• Taskfile.dist.yaml

使用 .dist 变体的目的是允许项目有一个提交版本 (.dist)，同时仍然允许个人用户通过添加额外的 Taskfile.yml（将在 .gitignore 上）来覆盖 Taskfile。

从子目录运行 Taskfile

如果在当前工作目录中找不到 Taskfile，它将沿着文件树向上查找，直到找到一个（类似于 git 的工作方式）。 当从这样的子目录运行 Task 时，它的行为就像从包含 Taskfile 的目录运行它一样。

您可以将此功能与特殊的 {{.USER_WORKING_DIR}} 变量一起使用来创建一些非常有用的可重用 task。 例如，如果你有一个包含每个微服务目录的 monorepo，你可以 cd 进入一个微服务目录并运行一个 task 命令来启动它，而不必创建多个 task 或具有相同内容的 Taskfile。 例如：

version: '3'

tasks:
  up:
    dir: '{{.USER_WORKING_DIR}}'
    preconditions:
      - test -f docker-compose.yml
    cmds:
      - docker-compose up -d

在此示例中，我们可以运行 cd <service> 和 task up，只要 <service> 目录包含 docker-compose.yml，就会启动 Docker Compose。

运行全局 Taskfile

If you call Task with the --global (alias -g) flag, it will look for your home directory instead of your working directory. In short, Task will look for a Taskfile on either $HOME/Taskfile.yml or $HOME/Taskfile.yaml paths.

这对于您可以在系统的任何地方运行的自动化很有用！

:::info

When running your global Taskfile with -g, tasks will run on $HOME by default, and not on your working directory!

As mentioned in the previous section, the {{.USER_WORKING_DIR}} special variable can be very handy here to run stuff on the directory you're calling task -g from.

version: '3'

tasks:
  from-home:
    cmds:
      - pwd

  from-working-directory:
    dir: '{{.USER_WORKING_DIR}}'
    cmds:
      - pwd

:::

环境变量

Task

你可以使用 env 给每个 task 设置自定义环境变量:

version: '3'

tasks:
  greet:
    cmds:
      - echo $GREETING
    env:
      GREETING: Hey, there!

此外，您可以设置可用于所有 task 的全局环境变量：

version: '3'

env:
  GREETING: Hey, there!

tasks:
  greet:
    cmds:
      - echo $GREETING

:::info

env 支持扩展和检索 shell 命令的输出，就像变量一样，如您在 变量 部分中看到的那样。

:::

.env 文件

您还可以使用 dotenv: 设置要求 tasks 包含 .env 之类的文件

KEYNAME=VALUE

ENDPOINT=testing.com

version: '3'

env:
  ENV: testing

dotenv: ['.env', '{{.ENV}}/.env.', '{{.HOME}}/.env']

tasks:
  greet:
    cmds:
      - echo "Using $KEYNAME and endpoint $ENDPOINT"

也可以在 task 级别指定 .env 文件：

version: '3'

env:
  ENV: testing

tasks:
  greet:
    dotenv: ['.env', '{{.ENV}}/.env.', '{{.HOME}}/.env']
    cmds:
      - echo "Using $KEYNAME and endpoint $ENDPOINT"

在 task 级别明确指定的环境变量将覆盖点文件中定义的变量：

version: '3'

env:
  ENV: testing

tasks:
  greet:
    dotenv: ['.env', '{{.ENV}}/.env.', '{{.HOME}}/.env']
    env:
      KEYNAME: DIFFERENT_VALUE
    cmds:
      - echo "Using $KEYNAME and endpoint $ENDPOINT"

:::info

请注意，您目前无法在包含的 Taskfile 中使用 dotenv 键。

:::

包含其他 Taskfile

如果要在不同项目（Taskfile）之间共享任务，可以使用导入机制使用 includes 关键字包含其他任务文件：

version: '3'

includes:
  docs: ./documentation # will look for ./documentation/Taskfile.yml
  docker: ./DockerTasks.yml

The tasks described in the given Taskfiles will be available with the informed namespace. So, you'd call task docs:serve to run the serve task from documentation/Taskfile.yml or task docker:build to run the build task from the DockerTasks.yml file.

相对路径是相对于包含包含 Taskfile 的目录解析的。

操作系统特定 Taskfile

With version: '2', task automatically includes any Taskfile_{{OS}}.yml if it exists (for example: Taskfile_windows.yml, Taskfile_linux.yml or Taskfile_darwin.yml). Since this behavior was a bit too implicit, it was removed on version 3, but you still can have a similar behavior by explicitly importing these files:

version: '3'

includes:
  build: ./Taskfile_{{OS}}.yml

包含 Taskfile 的目录

默认情况下，包含的 Taskfile 的 task 在当前目录中运行，即使 Taskfile 在另一个目录中，但您可以使用以下替代语法强制其 task 在另一个目录中运行：

version: '3'

includes:
  docs:
    taskfile: ./docs/Taskfile.yml
    dir: ./docs

:::info

包含的 Taskfile 必须使用与主 Taskfile 使用的相同规则版本。

:::

可选 includes

如果包含文件丢失，标记为可选的包含将允许 task 继续正常执行。

version: '3'

includes:
  tests:
    taskfile: ./tests/Taskfile.yml
    optional: true

tasks:
  greet:
    cmds:
      - echo "This command can still be successfully executed if ./tests/Taskfile.yml does not exist"

内部 includes

Includes marked as internal will set all the tasks of the included file to be internal as well (see the Internal tasks section below). This is useful when including utility tasks that are not intended to be used directly by the user.

version: '3'

includes:
  tests:
    taskfile: ./taskfiles/Utils.yml
    internal: true

包含的 Taskfile 的变量

您还可以在包含 Taskfile 时指定变量。 这对于拥有可以调整甚至多次包含的可重用 Taskfile 可能很有用：

version: '3'

includes:
  backend:
    taskfile: ./taskfiles/Docker.yml
    vars:
      DOCKER_IMAGE: backend_image

  frontend:
    taskfile: ./taskfiles/Docker.yml
    vars:
      DOCKER_IMAGE: frontend_image

命名空间别名

When including a Taskfile, you can give the namespace a list of aliases. This works in the same way as task aliases and can be used together to create shorter and easier-to-type commands.

version: '3'

includes:
  generate:
    taskfile: ./taskfiles/Generate.yml
    aliases: [gen]

:::info

Vars declared in the included Taskfile have preference over the variables in the including Taskfile! If you want a variable in an included Taskfile to be overridable, use the default function: MY_VAR: '{{.MY_VAR | default "my-default-value"}}'.

:::

内部 tasks

Internal tasks are tasks that cannot be called directly by the user. They will not appear in the output when running task --list|--list-all. Other tasks may call internal tasks in the usual way. This is useful for creating reusable, function-like tasks that have no useful purpose on the command line.

version: '3'

tasks:
  build-image-1:
    cmds:
      - task: build-image
        vars:
          DOCKER_IMAGE: image-1

  build-image:
    internal: true
    cmds:
      - docker build -t {{.DOCKER_IMAGE}} .

Task 目录

By default, tasks will be executed in the directory where the Taskfile is located. But you can easily make the task run in another folder, informing dir:

version: '3'

tasks:
  serve:
    dir: public/www
    cmds:
      # run http server
      - caddy

如果该目录不存在，task 会创建它。

Task 依赖

Dependencies run in parallel, so dependencies of a task should not depend one another. If you want to force tasks to run serially, take a look at the Calling Another Task section below.

You may have tasks that depend on others. Just pointing them on deps will make them run automatically before running the parent task:

version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    deps: [assets]
    cmds:
      - go build -v -i main.go

  assets:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify css/index.css > public/bundle.css

In the above example, assets will always run right before build if you run task build.

一个任务只能有依赖关系，没有命令来将任务组合在一起：

version: '3'

tasks:
  assets:
    deps: [js, css]

  js:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify js/index.js > public/bundle.js

  css:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify css/index.css > public/bundle.css

如果有多个依赖项，它们总是并行运行以获得更好的性能。

:::tip

You can also make the tasks given by the command line run in parallel by using the --parallel flag (alias -p). Example: task --parallel js css.

:::

如果你想将信息传递给依赖项，你可以像 调用另一个任务 一样以相同的方式进行：

version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    deps:
      - task: echo_sth
        vars: {TEXT: "before 1"}
      - task: echo_sth
        vars: {TEXT: "before 2"}
    cmds:
      - echo "after"

  echo_sth:
    cmds:
      - echo {{.TEXT}}

平台特定的 tasks 和 cmds

If you want to restrict the running of tasks to explicit platforms, this can be achieved using the platforms: key. Tasks can be restricted to a specific OS, architecture or a combination of both. On a mismatch, the task or command will be skipped, and no error will be thrown.

The values allowed as OS or Arch are valid GOOS and GOARCH values, as defined by the Go language here.

The build-windows task below will run only on Windows, and on any architecture:

version: '3'

tasks:
  build-windows:
    platforms: [windows]
    cmds:
      - echo 'Running command on Windows'

This can be restricted to a specific architecture as follows:

version: '3'

tasks:
  build-windows-amd64:
    platforms: [windows/amd64]
    cmds:
      - echo 'Running command on Windows (amd64)'

It is also possible to restrict the task to specific architectures:

version: '3'

tasks:
  build-amd64:
    platforms: [amd64]
    cmds:
      - echo 'Running command on amd64'

Multiple platforms can be specified as follows:

version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    platforms: [windows/amd64, darwin]
    cmds:
      - echo 'Running command on Windows (amd64) and macOS'

Individual commands can also be restricted to specific platforms:

version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    cmds:
      - cmd: echo 'Running command on Windows (amd64) and macOS'
        platforms: [windows/amd64, darwin]
      - cmd: echo 'Running on all platforms'

调用另一个 task

当一个 task 有很多依赖时，它们是并发执行的。 这通常会导致更快的构建管道。 但是，在某些情况下，您可能需要串行调用其他 task。 在这种情况下，请使用以下语法：

version: '3'

tasks:
  main-task:
    cmds:
      - task: task-to-be-called
      - task: another-task
      - echo "Both done"

  task-to-be-called:
    cmds:
      - echo "Task to be called"

  another-task:
    cmds:
      - echo "Another task"

在被调用 task 中覆盖变量就像通知 vars 属性一样简单：

version: '3'

tasks:
  greet:
    vars:
      RECIPIENT: '{{default "World" .RECIPIENT}}'
    cmds:
      - echo "Hello, {{.RECIPIENT}}!"

  greet-pessimistically:
    cmds:
      - task: greet
        vars: {RECIPIENT: "Cruel World"}

deps 也支持上述语法。

:::tip

NOTE: If you want to call a task declared in the root Taskfile from within an included Taskfile, add a leading : like this: task: :task-name.

:::

减少不必要的工作

通过指纹识别本地生成的文件及其来源

如果一个 task 生成了一些东西，你可以通知 task 源和生成的文件，这样 task 就会在不需要的时候阻止运行它们。

version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    deps: [js, css]
    cmds:
      - go build -v -i main.go

  js:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify js/index.js > public/bundle.js
    sources:
      - src/js/**/*.js
    generates:
      - public/bundle.js

  css:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify css/index.css > public/bundle.css
    sources:
      - src/css/**/*.css
    generates:
      - public/bundle.css

sources and generates can be files or file patterns. When given, Task will compare the checksum of the source files to determine if it's necessary to run the task. If not, it will just print a message like Task "js" is up to date.

If you prefer this check to be made by the modification timestamp of the files, instead of its checksum (content), just set the method property to timestamp.

version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    cmds:
      - go build .
    sources:
      - ./*.go
    generates:
      - app{{exeExt}}
    method: timestamp

In situations where you need more flexibility the status keyword can be used. You can even combine the two. See the documentation for status for an example.

:::info

By default, task stores checksums on a local .task directory in the project's directory. Most of the time, you'll want to have this directory on .gitignore (or equivalent) so it isn't committed. (If you have a task for code generation that is committed it may make sense to commit the checksum of that task as well, though).

If you want these files to be stored in another directory, you can set a TASK_TEMP_DIR environment variable in your machine. It can contain a relative path like tmp/task that will be interpreted as relative to the project directory, or an absolute or home path like /tmp/.task or ~/.task (subdirectories will be created for each project).

export TASK_TEMP_DIR='~/.task'

:::

:::info

Each task has only one checksum stored for its sources. If you want to distinguish a task by any of its input variables, you can add those variables as part of the task's label, and it will be considered a different task.

This is useful if you want to run a task once for each distinct set of inputs until the sources actually change. For example, if the sources depend on the value of a variable, or you if you want the task to rerun if some arguments change even if the source has not.

:::

:::tip

The method none skips any validation and always run the task.

:::

:::info

For the checksum (default) or timestamp method to work, it is only necessary to inform the source files. When the timestamp method is used, the last time of the running the task is considered as a generate.

:::

使用程序检查来表示任务是最新的。

Alternatively, you can inform a sequence of tests as status. If no error is returned (exit status 0), the task is considered up-to-date:

version: '3'

tasks:
  generate-files:
    cmds:
      - mkdir directory
      - touch directory/file1.txt
      - touch directory/file2.txt
    # test existence of files
    status:
      - test -d directory
      - test -f directory/file1.txt
      - test -f directory/file2.txt

Normally, you would use sources in combination with generates - but for tasks that generate remote artifacts (Docker images, deploys, CD releases) the checksum source and timestamps require either access to the artifact or for an out-of-band refresh of the .checksum fingerprint file.

Two special variables {{.CHECKSUM}} and {{.TIMESTAMP}} are available for interpolation within status commands, depending on the method assigned to fingerprint the sources. Only source globs are fingerprinted.

Note that the {{.TIMESTAMP}} variable is a "live" Go time.Time struct, and can be formatted using any of the methods that time.Time responds to.

有关详细信息，请参阅 Go Time 文档。

You can use --force or -f if you want to force a task to run even when up-to-date.

Also, task --status [tasks]... will exit with a non-zero exit code if any of the tasks are not up-to-date.

status can be combined with the fingerprinting to have a task run if either the the source/generated artifacts changes, or the programmatic check fails:

version: '3'

tasks:
  build:prod:
    desc: Build for production usage.
    cmds:
      - composer install
    # Run this task if source files changes.
    sources:
      - composer.json
      - composer.lock
    generates:
      - ./vendor/composer/installed.json
      - ./vendor/autoload.php
    # But also run the task if the last build was not a production build.
    status:
      - grep -q '"dev": false' ./vendor/composer/installed.json

使用程序检查取消任务及其依赖项的执行

In addition to status checks, preconditions checks are the logical inverse of status checks. That is, if you need a certain set of conditions to be true you can use the preconditions stanza. preconditions are similar to status lines, except they support sh expansion, and they SHOULD all return 0.

version: '3'

tasks:
  generate-files:
    cmds:
      - mkdir directory
      - touch directory/file1.txt
      - touch directory/file2.txt
    # test existence of files
    preconditions:
      - test -f .env
      - sh: "[ 1 = 0 ]"
        msg: "One doesn't equal Zero, Halting"

Preconditions can set specific failure messages that can tell a user what steps to take using the msg field.

If a task has a dependency on a sub-task with a precondition, and that precondition is not met - the calling task will fail. Note that a task executed with a failing precondition will not run unless --force is given.

Unlike status, which will skip a task if it is up to date and continue executing tasks that depend on it, a precondition will fail a task, along with any other tasks that depend on it.

version: '3'

tasks:
  task-will-fail:
    preconditions:
      - sh: "exit 1"

  task-will-also-fail:
    deps:
      - task-will-fail

  task-will-still-fail:
    cmds:
      - task: task-will-fail
      - echo "I will not run"

在任务运行时限制

If a task executed by multiple cmds or multiple deps you can control when it is executed using run. run can also be set at the root of the Taskfile to change the behavior of all the tasks unless explicitly overridden.

Supported values for run:

• always (default) always attempt to invoke the task regardless of the number of previous executions
• once only invoke this task once regardless of the number of references
• when_changed only invokes the task once for each unique set of variables passed into the task

version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - task: generate-file
        vars: { CONTENT: '1' }
      - task: generate-file
        vars: { CONTENT: '2' }
      - task: generate-file
        vars: { CONTENT: '2' }

  generate-file:
    run: when_changed
    deps:
      - install-deps
    cmds:
      - echo {{.CONTENT}}

  install-deps:
    run: once
    cmds:
      - sleep 5 # long operation like installing packages

变量

When doing interpolation of variables, Task will look for the below. They are listed below in order of importance (i.e. most important first):

• Variables declared in the task definition
• Variables given while calling a task from another (See Calling another task above)
• Variables of the included Taskfile (when the task is included)
• Variables of the inclusion of the Taskfile (when the task is included)
• Global variables (those declared in the vars: option in the Taskfile)
• Environment variables

Example of sending parameters with environment variables:

$ TASK_VARIABLE=a-value task do-something

:::tip

A special variable .TASK is always available containing the task name.

:::

Since some shells do not support the above syntax to set environment variables (Windows) tasks also accept a similar style when not at the beginning of the command.

$ task write-file FILE=file.txt "CONTENT=Hello, World!" print "MESSAGE=All done!"

Example of locally declared vars:

version: '3'

tasks:
  print-var:
    cmds:
      - echo "{{.VAR}}"
    vars:
      VAR: Hello!

Example of global vars in a Taskfile.yml:

version: '3'

vars:
  GREETING: Hello from Taskfile!

tasks:
  greet:
    cmds:
      - echo "{{.GREETING}}"

动态变量

The below syntax (sh: prop in a variable) is considered a dynamic variable. The value will be treated as a command and the output assigned. If there are one or more trailing newlines, the last newline will be trimmed.

version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    cmds:
      - go build -ldflags="-X main.Version={{.GIT_COMMIT}}" main.go
    vars:
      GIT_COMMIT:
        sh: git log -n 1 --format=%h

This works for all types of variables.

将 CLI 参数转发到 cmds

If -- is given in the CLI, all following parameters are added to a special .CLI_ARGS variable. This is useful to forward arguments to another command.

The below example will run yarn install.

$ task yarn -- install

version: '3'

tasks:
  yarn:
    cmds:
      - yarn {{.CLI_ARGS}}

使用 defer 做 task 清理

With the defer keyword, it's possible to schedule cleanup to be run once the task finishes. The difference with just putting it as the last command is that this command will run even when the task fails.

In the example below, rm -rf tmpdir/ will run even if the third command fails:

version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - mkdir -p tmpdir/
      - defer: rm -rf tmpdir/
      - echo 'Do work on tmpdir/'

If you want to move the cleanup command into another task, that is possible as well:

version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - mkdir -p tmpdir/
      - defer: { task: cleanup }
      - echo 'Do work on tmpdir/'

  cleanup: rm -rf tmpdir/

:::info

Due to the nature of how the Go's own defer work, the deferred commands are executed in the reverse order if you schedule multiple of them.

:::

Go 的模板引擎

Task parse commands as Go's template engine before executing them. Variables are accessible through dot syntax (.VARNAME).

All functions by the Go's slim-sprig lib are available. The following example gets the current date in a given format:

version: '3'

tasks:
  print-date:
    cmds:
      - echo {{now | date "2006-01-02"}}

Task also adds the following functions:

• OS: Returns the operating system. Possible values are "windows", "linux", "darwin" (macOS) and "freebsd".
• ARCH: return the architecture Task was compiled to: "386", "amd64", "arm" or "s390x".
• splitLines: Splits Unix (\n) and Windows (\r\n) styled newlines.
• catLines: Replaces Unix (\n) and Windows (\r\n) styled newlines with a space.
• toSlash: Does nothing on Unix, but on Windows converts a string from \ path format to /.
• fromSlash: Opposite of toSlash. Does nothing on Unix, but on Windows converts a string from / path format to \.
• exeExt: Returns the right executable extension for the current OS (".exe" for Windows, "" for others).
• shellQuote: Quotes a string to make it safe for use in shell scripts. Task uses this Go function for this. The Bash dialect is assumed.
• splitArgs: Splits a string as if it were a command's arguments. Task uses this Go function

Example:

version: '3'

tasks:
  print-os:
    cmds:
      - echo '{{OS}} {{ARCH}}'
      - echo '{{if eq OS "windows"}}windows-command{{else}}unix-command{{end}}'
      # This will be path/to/file on Unix but path\to\file on Windows
      - echo '{{fromSlash "path/to/file"}}'
  enumerated-file:
    vars:
      CONTENT: |
        foo
        bar
    cmds:
      - |
        cat << EOF > output.txt
        {{range $i, $line := .CONTENT | splitLines -}}
        {{printf "%3d" $i}}: {{$line}}
        {{end}}EOF

帮助

Running task --list (or task -l) lists all tasks with a description. The following Taskfile:

version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    desc: Build the go binary.
    cmds:
      - go build -v -i main.go

  test:
    desc: Run all the go tests.
    cmds:
      - go test -race ./...

  js:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify js/index.js > public/bundle.js

  css:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify css/index.css > public/bundle.css

would print the following output:

* build:   Build the go binary.
* test:    Run all the go tests.

If you want to see all tasks, there's a --list-all (alias -a) flag as well.

显示任务摘要

Running task --summary task-name will show a summary of a task. The following Taskfile:

version: '3'

tasks:
  release:
    deps: [build]
    summary: |
      Release your project to github

      It will build your project before starting the release.
      Please make sure that you have set GITHUB_TOKEN before starting.
    cmds:
      - your-release-tool

  build:
    cmds:
      - your-build-tool

with running task --summary release would print the following output:

task: release

Release your project to github

It will build your project before starting the release.
Please make sure that you have set GITHUB_TOKEN before starting.

dependencies:
 - build

commands:
 - your-release-tool

If a summary is missing, the description will be printed. If the task does not have a summary or a description, a warning is printed.

Please note: showing the summary will not execute the command.

Task 别名

Aliases are alternative names for tasks. They can be used to make it easier and quicker to run tasks with long or hard-to-type names. You can use them on the command line, when calling sub-tasks in your Taskfile and when including tasks with aliases from another Taskfile. They can also be used together with namespace aliases.

version: '3'

tasks:
  generate:
    aliases: [gen]
    cmds:
      - task: gen-mocks

  generate-mocks:
    aliases: [gen-mocks]
    cmds:
      - echo "generating..."

重写 Task 名称

Sometimes you may want to override the task name printed on the summary, up-to-date messages to STDOUT, etc. In this case, you can just set label:, which can also be interpolated with variables:

version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    - task: print
      vars:
        MESSAGE: hello
    - task: print
      vars:
        MESSAGE: world

  print:
    label: 'print-{{.MESSAGE}}'
    cmds:
      - echo "{{.MESSAGE}}"

静默模式

Silent mode disables the echoing of commands before Task runs it. For the following Taskfile:

version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - echo "Print something"

Normally this will be printed:

echo "Print something"
Print something

With silent mode on, the below will be printed instead:

Print something

There are four ways to enable silent mode:

• At command level:

version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - cmd: echo "Print something"
        silent: true

• At task level:

version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - echo "Print something"
    silent: true

• Globally at Taskfile level:

version: '3'

silent: true

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - echo "Print something"

• Or globally with --silent or -s flag

If you want to suppress STDOUT instead, just redirect a command to /dev/null:

version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - echo "This will print nothing" > /dev/null

试运行模式

Dry run mode (--dry) compiles and steps through each task, printing the commands that would be run without executing them. This is useful for debugging your Taskfiles.

忽略错误

You have the option to ignore errors during command execution. Given the following Taskfile:

version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - exit 1
      - echo "Hello World"

Task will abort the execution after running exit 1 because the status code 1 stands for EXIT_FAILURE. However, it is possible to continue with execution using ignore_error:

version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - cmd: exit 1
        ignore_error: true
      - echo "Hello World"

ignore_error can also be set for a task, which means errors will be suppressed for all commands. Nevertheless, keep in mind that this option will not propagate to other tasks called either by deps or cmds!

输出语法

By default, Task just redirects the STDOUT and STDERR of the running commands to the shell in real-time. This is good for having live feedback for logging printed by commands, but the output can become messy if you have multiple commands running simultaneously and printing lots of stuff.

To make this more customizable, there are currently three different output options you can choose:

• interleaved (default)
• group
• prefixed

To choose another one, just set it to root in the Taskfile:

version: '3'

output: 'group'

tasks:
  # ...

The group output will print the entire output of a command once after it finishes, so you will not have live feedback for commands that take a long time to run.

When using the group output, you can optionally provide a templated message to print at the start and end of the group. This can be useful for instructing CI systems to group all of the output for a given task, such as with GitHub Actions' ::group:: command or Azure Pipelines.

version: '3'

output:
  group:
    begin: '::group::{{.TASK}}'
    end: '::endgroup::'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - echo 'Hello, World!'
    silent: true

$ task default
::group::default
Hello, World!
::endgroup::

When using the group output, you may swallow the output of the executed command on standard output and standard error if it does not fail (zero exit code).

version: '3'

silent: true

output:
  group:
    error_only: true

tasks:
  passes: echo 'output-of-passes'
  errors: echo 'output-of-errors' && exit 1

$ task passes
$ task errors
output-of-errors
task: Failed to run task "errors": exit status 1

The prefix output will prefix every line printed by a command with [task-name] as the prefix, but you can customize the prefix for a command with the prefix: attribute:

version: '3'

output: prefixed

tasks:
 default:
   deps:
     - task: print
       vars: {TEXT: foo}
     - task: print
       vars: {TEXT: bar}
     - task: print
       vars: {TEXT: baz}

 print:
   cmds:
     - echo "{{.TEXT}}"
   prefix: "print-{{.TEXT}}"
   silent: true

$ task default
[print-foo] foo
[print-bar] bar
[print-baz] baz

:::tip

The output option can also be specified by the --output or -o flags.

:::

交互式 CLI 应用

When running interactive CLI applications inside Task they can sometimes behave weirdly, especially when the output mode is set to something other than interleaved (the default), or when interactive apps are run in parallel with other tasks.

The interactive: true tells Task this is an interactive application and Task will try to optimize for it:

version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - vim my-file.txt
    interactive: true

If you still have problems running an interactive app through Task, please open an issue about it.

短 Task 语法

Starting on Task v3, you can now write tasks with a shorter syntax if they have the default settings (e.g. no custom env:, vars:, desc:, silent: , etc):

version: '3'

tasks:
  build: go build -v -o ./app{{exeExt}} .

  run:
    - task: build
    - ./app{{exeExt}} -h localhost -p 8080

set 和 shopt

It's possible to specify options to the set and shopt builtins. This can be added at global, task or command level.

version: '3'

set: [pipefail]
shopt: [globstar]

tasks:
  # `globstar` required for double star globs to work
  default: echo **/*.go

:::info

Keep in mind that not all options are available in the shell interpreter library that Task uses.

:::

观察任务

With the flags --watch or -w task will watch for file changes and run the task again. This requires the sources attribute to be given, so task knows which files to watch.

The default watch interval is 5 seconds, but it's possible to change it by either setting interval: '500ms' in the root of the Taskfile passing it as an argument like --interval=500ms.