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zh-TW: translate memory-management (#872)
* zh-TW: translate memory-management Part of #684. * Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: Jonathan Hao <phao@google.com> * Update po/zh-TW.po --------- Co-authored-by: Jonathan Hao <phao@google.com>
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Martin Geisler
GitHub
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0a09079198
184
po/zh-TW.po
184
po/zh-TW.po
@ -3603,11 +3603,11 @@ msgstr ""
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#: src/memory-management.md:1
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msgid "# Memory Management"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 記憶體管理"
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#: src/memory-management.md:3
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msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "傳統上，語言大致可分為兩種："
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#: src/memory-management.md:5
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msgid ""
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@ -3615,28 +3615,32 @@ msgid ""
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"* Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, "
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"Haskell, ..."
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msgstr ""
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"* 透過手動管理記憶體，取得完整掌控權：C、C++、Pascal...\n"
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"* 透過在執行階段中自動管理記憶體，取得完整安全性：Java、Python、Go、Haskell..."
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#: src/memory-management.md:8
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msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "Rust 則融合這兩種做法："
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#: src/memory-management.md:10
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msgid ""
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"> Full control *and* safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory\n"
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"> management."
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msgstr ""
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"> 透過正確的記憶體管理編譯時間強制執行措施，「同時」取得完整的掌控權和安全"
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"性。"
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#: src/memory-management.md:13
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msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "Rust 運用明確所有權的概念實現這一點。"
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#: src/memory-management.md:15
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msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "首先，讓我們回顧記憶體管理的運作方式。"
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#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1
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msgid "# The Stack vs The Heap"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 堆疊與堆積"
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#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3
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msgid ""
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@ -3651,10 +3655,20 @@ msgid ""
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" * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n"
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" * No guarantee of memory locality."
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msgstr ""
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"* 堆疊 (Stack)：本機變數的連續記憶體區域。\n"
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" * 值在編譯期間具有已知的固定大小。\n"
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" * 相當快速：只需移動堆疊指標。\n"
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" * 易於管理：追蹤函式呼叫。\n"
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" * 良好的記憶體區域性。\n"
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"\n"
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"* 堆積 (Heap)：函式呼叫外的值儲存空間。\n"
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" * 值在執行階段中以動態方式判斷大小。\n"
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" * 速度稍慢於堆疊：需要作一些記錄。\n"
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" * 不保證記憶體區域性。"
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#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1
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msgid "# Stack Memory"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 堆疊記憶體"
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#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3
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msgid ""
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@ -3662,6 +3676,8 @@ msgid ""
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"sized\n"
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"data on the heap:"
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msgstr ""
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"建立 `String` 時，系統會在堆疊上放置固定大小的資料，並在堆積上放置動態調整大"
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"小的資料："
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#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6
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msgid ""
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@ -3671,6 +3687,11 @@ msgid ""
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"}\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```rust,editable\n"
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"fn main() {\n"
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" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
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"}\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12
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msgid ""
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@ -3688,6 +3709,19 @@ msgid ""
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"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```bob\n"
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" 堆疊 堆積\n"
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".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
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": : : :\n"
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": s1 : : :\n"
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": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
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": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n"
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": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
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": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n"
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": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
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": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
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"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28
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msgid ""
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@ -3719,28 +3753,54 @@ msgid ""
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" }\n"
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" ```"
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msgstr ""
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"* 請說明 `String` 是由 `Vec` 支援，因此具有容量和長度，而且還能成長 (前提是可"
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"透過堆積上的重新配置作業進行變動)。\n"
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"\n"
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"* 如有學員問起，您可以說明基礎記憶體是使用[系統配置器]配置的堆積，而自訂配置"
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"器可以使用[配置器 API] 實作。\n"
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"\n"
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"* 我們可以使用 `unsafe` 程式碼檢查記憶體配置。不過，您應指出這麼做非常不安"
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"全！\n"
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"\n"
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" ```rust,editable\n"
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" fn main() {\n"
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" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
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" s1.push(' ');\n"
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" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n"
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" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
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" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could "
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"lead to\n"
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" // undefined behavior.\n"
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" unsafe {\n"
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" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::"
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"transmute(s1);\n"
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" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = "
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"{capacity}\");\n"
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" }\n"
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" }\n"
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" ```"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:1
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msgid "# Manual Memory Management"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 手動記憶體管理"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3
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msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "您可以自行配置及釋放堆積記憶體。"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5
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msgid ""
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"If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security "
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"vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "如果操作時不夠小心，可能會導致當機、錯誤、安全漏洞和記憶體泄漏。"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7
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msgid "## C Example"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "## C 範例"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9
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msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "使用 `malloc` 配置每個指標時，都必須呼叫 `free`："
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11
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msgid ""
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@ -3754,6 +3814,15 @@ msgid ""
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"}\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```c\n"
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"void foo(size_t n) {\n"
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" int* int_array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
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" //\n"
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" // ... lots of code\n"
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" //\n"
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" free(int_array);\n"
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"}\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21
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msgid ""
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@ -3761,15 +3830,17 @@ msgid ""
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"the\n"
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"pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory."
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msgstr ""
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"如果函式在 `malloc` 和 `free` 之間提早傳回記憶體，就會發生記憶體泄漏：指標遺"
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"失，我們也無法釋放記憶體。"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1
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msgid "# Scope-Based Memory Management"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 作用域式記憶體管理"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3
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msgid ""
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"Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "建構函式和解構函式可讓您掌握物件的生命週期。"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5
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msgid ""
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@ -3778,17 +3849,19 @@ msgid ""
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"is\n"
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"raised."
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msgstr ""
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"只要在物件中包裝指標，即可在物件刪除時釋放記憶體。即使發生例外狀況，編譯器仍"
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"會保證執行這項作業。"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9
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msgid ""
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"This is often called _resource acquisition is initialization_ (RAII) and "
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"gives\n"
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"you smart pointers."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "這通常稱為「資源取得即初始化」(RAII)，且會提供智慧指標。"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12
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msgid "## C++ Example"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "## C++ 範例"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14
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msgid ""
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@ -3798,6 +3871,11 @@ msgid ""
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"}\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```c++\n"
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"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
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" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
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"}\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20
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msgid ""
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@ -3806,11 +3884,14 @@ msgid ""
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"* At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run.\n"
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"* The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
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msgstr ""
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"* `std::unique_ptr` 物件會在堆疊上配置，並指向在堆積上配置的記憶體。\n"
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"* `say_hello` 結束時，`std::unique_ptr` 解構函式就會執行。\n"
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"* 解構函式會釋放其指向的 `Person` 物件。"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25
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msgid ""
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"Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "將所有權傳遞至函式時，系統會使用特殊的移動建構函式："
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27
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msgid ""
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@ -3819,17 +3900,21 @@ msgid ""
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"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```c++\n"
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"std::unique_ptr<Person> person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n"
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"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1
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msgid "# Automatic Memory Management"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 自動記憶體管理"
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3
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msgid ""
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"An alternative to manual and scope-based memory management is automatic "
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"memory\n"
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"management:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "除了手動記憶體管理和作用域式記憶體管理之外，自動記憶體管理是另一種做法："
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6
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msgid ""
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@ -3837,14 +3922,16 @@ msgid ""
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"* A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the "
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"programmer."
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msgstr ""
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"* 程式設計師一律不會明確配置或釋放記憶體。\n"
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"* 垃圾收集器會找到未使用的記憶體，並釋放給程式設計師。"
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9
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msgid "## Java Example"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "## Java 範例"
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11
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msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "`sayHello` 傳回後，系統不會釋放 `person` 物件："
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13
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msgid ""
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@ -3854,14 +3941,19 @@ msgid ""
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"}\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```java\n"
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"void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
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" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
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"}\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1
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msgid "# Memory Management in Rust"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# Rust 中的記憶體管理"
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#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3
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msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "Rust 中的記憶體管理融合了以下特色："
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#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5
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msgid ""
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@ -3873,10 +3965,16 @@ msgid ""
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"* A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even "
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"have no cost at runtime like C."
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msgstr ""
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"* 像 Java 一樣安全又正確，但沒有垃圾回收機制。\n"
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"* 可以是單一不重複指標、採用參考計數或採用原子參考計數，須視您選擇的抽象方法 "
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"(或抽象方法組合) 而定。\n"
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"* 像 C++ 一樣的作用域式管理，但編譯器會強制遵循完整規定。\n"
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"* Rust 使用者可選擇適合情境的抽象方法，部分方法甚至像 C 一樣在執行階段無額外"
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"成本。"
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#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10
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msgid "It achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "實現這種記憶體管理的方法是明確建立「所有權」模型。"
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#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14
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msgid ""
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@ -3888,18 +3986,23 @@ msgid ""
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"* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust "
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"equivalent."
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msgstr ""
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"* 如果這時學員詢問相關做法，您可以表示這在 Rust 中通常會以 RAII 包裝函式類型"
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"處理，例如 [Box]、[Vec]、[Rc] 或 [Arc]。這些型別會透過多種方法封裝所有權和記"
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"憶體配置，防止在 C 中可能出現的錯誤。\n"
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"\n"
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"* 這時學員可能會詢問解構函式，Rust 中的類似項目就是 [Drop] 特徵。"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:1
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msgid "# Comparison"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 比較"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3
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msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "以下概略比較各種記憶體管理技巧。"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5
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msgid "## Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "## 不同記憶體管理技巧的優點"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7
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msgid ""
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@ -3916,10 +4019,22 @@ msgid ""
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" * No runtime overhead.\n"
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" * Safe and correct."
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msgstr ""
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"* 手動管理，例如 C：\n"
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" * 沒有執行階段負擔。\n"
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"* 自動管理，例如 Java：\n"
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" * 完全自動化。\n"
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" * 安全又正確。\n"
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"* 作用域式管理，例如 C++：\n"
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" * 部分自動化。\n"
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" *沒有執行階段負擔。\n"
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"* 編譯器強制執行的範圍式管理，例如 Rust：\n"
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" * 由編譯器強制執行。\n"
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" * 沒有執行階段負擔。\n"
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" * 安全又正確。"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20
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msgid "## Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "## 不同記憶體管理技巧的缺點"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:22
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||||
msgid ""
|
||||
@ -3937,6 +4052,19 @@ msgid ""
|
||||
" * Some upfront complexity.\n"
|
||||
" * Can reject valid programs."
|
||||
msgstr ""
|
||||
"* 手動管理，例如 C：\n"
|
||||
" * 使用已釋放記憶體。\n"
|
||||
" * 重複釋放。\n"
|
||||
" * 記憶體泄漏。\n"
|
||||
"* 自動管理，例如 Java：\n"
|
||||
" * 垃圾回收機制會暫停。\n"
|
||||
" * 解構函式會延遲。\n"
|
||||
"* 範圍式管理，例如 C++：\n"
|
||||
" * 相當複雜，由程式設計師自行選用。\n"
|
||||
" * 可能會使用已釋放記憶體。\n"
|
||||
"* 編譯器強制執行的範圍式管理，例如 Rust：\n"
|
||||
" * 一開始較為複雜。\n"
|
||||
" * 可能會拒絕有效程式。"
|
||||
|
||||
#: src/ownership.md:1
|
||||
msgid "# Ownership"
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user