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zh-CN: translate memory-management (#862)
* zh-CN: translate memory-management Part of #324. * Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: wnghl <wnghilin@gmail.com> --------- Co-authored-by: wnghl <wnghilin@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
Martin Geisler
GitHub
parent
2bffe39d53
commit
fe8c374d3b
184
po/zh-CN.po
184
po/zh-CN.po
@ -4034,11 +4034,11 @@ msgstr ""
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#: src/memory-management.md:1
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msgid "# Memory Management"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 内存管理"
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#: src/memory-management.md:3
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msgid "Traditionally, languages have fallen into two broad categories:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "传统上，语言分为两大类："
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#: src/memory-management.md:5
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msgid ""
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@ -4046,28 +4046,32 @@ msgid ""
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"* Full safety via automatic memory management at runtime: Java, Python, Go, "
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"Haskell, ..."
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msgstr ""
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"* 通过手动内存管理实现完全控制：C、C++、Pascal…\n"
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"* 运行时通过自动内存管理实现完全安全：Java、Python、Go、Haskell…"
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#: src/memory-management.md:8
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msgid "Rust offers a new mix:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "Rust 提供了一个全新的组合："
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#: src/memory-management.md:10
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msgid ""
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"> Full control *and* safety via compile time enforcement of correct memory\n"
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"> management."
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msgstr ""
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"> 通过编译时强制执行正确的内存"
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">管理来实现完全控制与安全。"
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#: src/memory-management.md:13
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msgid "It does this with an explicit ownership concept."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "它通过一个明确的所有权（ownership）概念来实现此目的。"
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#: src/memory-management.md:15
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msgid "First, let's refresh how memory management works."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "首先，我们回顾一下内存管理的工作原理。"
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#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:1
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msgid "# The Stack vs The Heap"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 栈与堆"
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#: src/memory-management/stack-vs-heap.md:3
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msgid ""
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@ -4082,10 +4086,20 @@ msgid ""
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" * Slightly slower than the stack: some book-keeping needed.\n"
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" * No guarantee of memory locality."
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msgstr ""
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"* 栈：局部变量的连续内存区域。\n"
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" * 值在编译时具有已知的固定大小。\n"
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" * 速度极快：只需移动一个栈指针。\n"
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" * 易于管理：遵循函数调用规则。\n"
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" * 优秀的内存局部性。\n"
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"\n"
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"* 堆：函数调用之外的值的存储。\n"
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" * 值具有动态大小，具体大小需在运行时确定。\n"
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" * 比栈稍慢：需要向系统申请空间。\n"
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" * 不保证内存局部性。"
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#: src/memory-management/stack.md:1
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msgid "# Stack Memory"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 栈内存"
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#: src/memory-management/stack.md:3
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msgid ""
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@ -4093,6 +4107,8 @@ msgid ""
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"sized\n"
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"data on the heap:"
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msgstr ""
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"创建 `String` 时将固定大小的数据存储在栈上，\n"
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"并将动态大小的数据存储在堆上："
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#: src/memory-management/stack.md:6
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msgid ""
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@ -4102,6 +4118,11 @@ msgid ""
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"}\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```rust,editable\n"
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"fn main() {\n"
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" let s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
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"}\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/stack.md:12
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msgid ""
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@ -4119,6 +4140,19 @@ msgid ""
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"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```bob\n"
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" 栈 堆\n"
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".- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.\n"
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": : : :\n"
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": s1 : : :\n"
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": +-----------+-------+ : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
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": | ptr | o---+---+-----+-->| H | e | l | l | o | :\n"
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": | len | 5 | : : +----+----+----+----+----+ :\n"
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": | capacity | 5 | : : :\n"
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": +-----------+-------+ : : :\n"
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": : `- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
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"`- - - - - - - - - - - - - -'\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/stack.md:28
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msgid ""
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@ -4150,28 +4184,52 @@ msgid ""
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" }\n"
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" ```"
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msgstr ""
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"* 指出 `String` 底层由 `Vec` 实现，因此它具有容量和长度，如果值可变，则可以通过在堆上重新分配存储空间进行增长。\n"
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"\n"
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"* 如果学员提出相关问题，你可以提及我们不仅能使用[系统分配器]在堆上分配底层内"
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"存，还能使用 [Allocator API] 实现自定义分配器\n"
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"\n"
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"* 我们可以使用 `unsafe` 代码检查内存布局。不过，你应该指出，这种做法不安全！\n"
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"\n"
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" ```rust,editable\n"
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" fn main() {\n"
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" let mut s1 = String::from(\"Hello\");\n"
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" s1.push(' ');\n"
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" s1.push_str(\"world\");\n"
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" // DON'T DO THIS AT HOME! For educational purposes only.\n"
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" // String provides no guarantees about its layout, so this could "
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"lead to\n"
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" // undefined behavior.\n"
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" unsafe {\n"
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" let (capacity, ptr, len): (usize, usize, usize) = std::mem::"
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"transmute(s1);\n"
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" println!(\"ptr = {ptr:#x}, len = {len}, capacity = "
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"{capacity}\");\n"
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" }\n"
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" }\n"
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" ```"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:1
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msgid "# Manual Memory Management"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 手动内存管理"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:3
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msgid "You allocate and deallocate heap memory yourself."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "你自己实现堆内存分配和释放。"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:5
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msgid ""
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"If not done with care, this can lead to crashes, bugs, security "
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"vulnerabilities, and memory leaks."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "稍有不慎，这可能会导致崩溃、bug、安全漏洞和内存泄漏。"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:7
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msgid "## C Example"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "## C++ 示例"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:9
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msgid "You must call `free` on every pointer you allocate with `malloc`:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "你必须对使用 `malloc` 分配的每个指针调用 `free`："
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:11
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msgid ""
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@ -4185,6 +4243,15 @@ msgid ""
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"}\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```c\n"
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"void foo(size_t n) {\n"
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" int* int_array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n"
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" //\n"
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" // ... lots of code\n"
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" //\n"
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" free(int_array);\n"
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"}\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/manual.md:21
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msgid ""
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@ -4192,15 +4259,17 @@ msgid ""
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"the\n"
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"pointer is lost and we cannot deallocate the memory."
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msgstr ""
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"如果函数在 `malloc` 和 `free` 之间提前返回，则会导致内存泄漏：\n"
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"指针丢失，而我们无法释放对应的内存。"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:1
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msgid "# Scope-Based Memory Management"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 基于作用域的内存管理"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:3
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msgid ""
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"Constructors and destructors let you hook into the lifetime of an object."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "构造函数和析构函数让你可以钩入对象的生命周期。"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:5
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msgid ""
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@ -4209,6 +4278,9 @@ msgid ""
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"is\n"
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"raised."
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msgstr ""
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"通过将指针封装在对象中，你可以在该对象\n"
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"被销毁时释放内存。编译器可保证这一点的实现，即使"
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"引发了异常也不例外。"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:9
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msgid ""
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@ -4216,10 +4288,12 @@ msgid ""
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"gives\n"
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"you smart pointers."
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msgstr ""
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"这通常称为“资源获取即初始化 (resource acquisition is initialization, RAII)”，\n"
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"并为你提供智能指针。"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:12
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msgid "## C++ Example"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "## C++ 示例"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:14
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msgid ""
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@ -4229,6 +4303,11 @@ msgid ""
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"}\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```c++\n"
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"void say_hello(std::unique_ptr<Person> person) {\n"
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" std::cout << \"Hello \" << person->name << std::endl;\n"
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"}\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:20
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msgid ""
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@ -4237,11 +4316,15 @@ msgid ""
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"* At the end of `say_hello`, the `std::unique_ptr` destructor will run.\n"
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"* The destructor frees the `Person` object it points to."
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msgstr ""
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"* `std::unique_ptr` 对象在栈上分配内存，并指向"
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"在堆上分配的内存。\n"
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"* 在 `say_hello` 结束时，`std::unique_ptr` 析构函数将运行。\n"
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"* 析构函数释放它所指向的 `Person` 对象。"
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:25
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msgid ""
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"Special move constructors are used when passing ownership to a function:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "将所有权传递给函数时，使用特殊的 move 构造函数："
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#: src/memory-management/scope-based.md:27
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msgid ""
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@ -4250,10 +4333,14 @@ msgid ""
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"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```c++\n"
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"std::unique_ptr<Person> person = find_person(\"Carla\");\n"
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"say_hello(std::move(person));\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:1
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msgid "# Automatic Memory Management"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 自动内存管理"
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:3
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msgid ""
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@ -4261,6 +4348,8 @@ msgid ""
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"memory\n"
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"management:"
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msgstr ""
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"自动内存管理是手动和基于作用域的内存管理\n"
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"的替代方案："
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:6
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msgid ""
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@ -4268,14 +4357,16 @@ msgid ""
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"* A garbage collector finds unused memory and deallocates it for the "
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"programmer."
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msgstr ""
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"* 程序员从不显式分配或取消分配内存。\n"
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"* 垃圾回收器找到未使用的内存，并为程序员将其取消分配。"
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:9
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msgid "## Java Example"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "## Java 示例"
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:11
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msgid "The `person` object is not deallocated after `sayHello` returns:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "`sayHello` 返回后，`person` 对象未被取消分配："
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#: src/memory-management/garbage-collection.md:13
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msgid ""
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@ -4285,14 +4376,19 @@ msgid ""
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"}\n"
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"```"
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msgstr ""
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"```java\n"
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"void sayHello(Person person) {\n"
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" System.out.println(\"Hello \" + person.getName());\n"
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"}\n"
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"```"
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#: src/memory-management/rust.md:1
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msgid "# Memory Management in Rust"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# Rust 中的内存管理"
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#: src/memory-management/rust.md:3
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msgid "Memory management in Rust is a mix:"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "Rust 中的内存管理是一种混合模式："
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#: src/memory-management/rust.md:5
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msgid ""
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@ -4304,10 +4400,16 @@ msgid ""
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"* A Rust user can choose the right abstraction for the situation, some even "
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"have no cost at runtime like C."
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msgstr ""
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"* 像 Java 一样安全又正确，但没有垃圾回收器。\n"
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"* 根据你选择的抽象（或抽象组合），可以是单个唯一指针，也可以是引用计数，或原"
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"子引用计数。\n"
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"* 像 C++ 一样基于作用域，但编译器会强制完全遵循规则。\n"
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"* Rust 用户可以根据具体情况选择合适的抽象，有些甚至没有像 C 那样的运行时开"
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"销。"
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#: src/memory-management/rust.md:10
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msgid "It achieves this by modeling _ownership_ explicitly."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "它通过对“所有权”进行显式建模来实现这一点。"
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#: src/memory-management/rust.md:14
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msgid ""
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@ -4319,18 +4421,23 @@ msgid ""
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"* You may be asked about destructors here, the [Drop] trait is the Rust "
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"equivalent."
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msgstr ""
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"* 如果此时被问及如何操作，你可以提及在 Rust 中，这通常由 RAII 封装容器类型"
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"（例如 [Box]、[Vec]、[Rc] 或 [Arc]）处理。这些类型通过各种方式封装了所有权和"
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"内存分配，并防止了 C 中潜在错误的发生。\n"
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"\n"
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"* 你可能会被问及析构函数，此处 [Drop] trait 是 Rust 等效项。"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:1
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msgid "# Comparison"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "# 比较"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:3
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msgid "Here is a rough comparison of the memory management techniques."
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "下面是对内存管理技术的粗略比较。"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:5
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msgid "## Pros of Different Memory Management Techniques"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "## 不同内存管理技术的优点"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:7
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msgid ""
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@ -4347,10 +4454,22 @@ msgid ""
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" * No runtime overhead.\n"
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" * Safe and correct."
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msgstr ""
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"* 手动（如 C）：\n"
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" * 无运行时开销。\n"
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"* 自动（如 Java）：\n"
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" * 完全自动。\n"
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" * 安全且正确。\n"
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"* 基于作用域（如 C++）：\n"
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" * 部分自动。\n"
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" * 无运行时开销。\n"
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"* 由编译器强制执行、基于作用域（如 Rust）：\n"
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" * 由编译器强制执行。\n"
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" * 无运行时开销。\n"
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" * 安全且正确。"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:20
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msgid "## Cons of Different Memory Management Techniques"
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msgstr ""
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msgstr "## 不同内存管理技术的缺点"
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#: src/memory-management/comparison.md:22
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msgid ""
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@ -4368,6 +4487,19 @@ msgid ""
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" * Some upfront complexity.\n"
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" * Can reject valid programs."
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msgstr ""
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"* 手动（如 C）：\n"
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" * 释放后使用。\n"
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" * 双重释放。\n"
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" * 内存泄漏。\n"
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"* 自动（如 Java）：\n"
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" * 垃圾回收暂停。\n"
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" * 析构函数延迟。\n"
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"* 基于作用域（如 C++）：\n"
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" * 复杂，由程序员自选。\n"
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" * 有望释放后使用。\n"
|
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"* 由编译器强制执行、基于作用域（如 Rust）：\n"
|
||||
" * 前期有些复杂。\n"
|
||||
" * 可能拒绝有效的程序。"
|
||||
|
||||
#: src/ownership.md:1
|
||||
msgid "# Ownership"
|
||||
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user