1.5.1

Closes #205.

.clog.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[clog]
+
+repository = "https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings"
+changelog = "CHANGELOG.md"

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 *.swp
 target/
 **/*.rs.bk
-Cargo.lock
 .DS_Store

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<a name="1.5.1"></a>
+### 1.5.1 (2019-11-11)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+* **errors3:**  Update hint ([dcfb427b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/dcfb427b09585f0193f0a294443fdf99f11c64cb), closes [#185](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/185))
+* **if1:**  Remove `return` reference ([ad03d180](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ad03d180c9311c0093e56a3531eec1a9a70cdb45))
+* **strings:**  Move Strings before Structs ([6dcecb38](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/6dcecb38a4435593beb87c8e12d6314143631482), closes [#204](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/204))
+* **structs1:**  Remove misleading comment ([f72e5a8f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f72e5a8f05568dde04eaeac10b9a69872f21cb37))
+* **threads:**  Move Threads behind SLT ([fbe91a67](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/fbe91a67a482bfe64cbcdd58d06ba830a0f39da3), closes [#205](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/205))
+* **watch:** clear screen before each `verify()`  ([3aff590](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3aff59085586c24196a547c2693adbdcf4432648))
+
+<a name="1.5.0"></a>
+## 1.5.0 (2019-11-09)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+* **test1:** Rewrite logic ([79a56942](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/79a569422c8309cfc9e4aed25bf4ab3b3859996b))
+* **installation:**  Fix rustlings installation check ([7a252c47](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7a252c475551486efb52f949b8af55803b700bc6))
+* **iterators:**  Rename iterator3.rs ([433d2115](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/433d2115bc1c04b6d34a335a18c9a8f3e2672bc6))
+* **iterators2:**  Remove syntax resulting in misleading error message ([4cde8664](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4cde86643e12db162a66e62f23b78962986046ac))
+* **option1:**
+  *  Fix arguments passed to assert! macro (#222) ([4c2cf6da](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4c2cf6da755efe02725e05ecc3a303304c10a6da))
+  *  Fix arguments passed to assert! macro ([ead4f7af](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ead4f7af9e10e53418efdde5c359159347282afd))
+  *  Add test for prematurely passing exercise ([a750e4a1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a750e4a1a3006227292bb17d57d78ce84da6bfc6))
+* **primitive_types4:**  Fail on a slice covering the wrong area ([5b1e673c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/5b1e673cec1658afc4ebbbc800213847804facf5))
+* **readme:**  http to https ([70946b85](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/70946b85e536e80e70ed9505cb650ca0a3a1fbb5))
+* **test1:**
+  *  Swap assertion parameter order ([4086d463](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4086d463a981e81d97781851d17db2ced290f446))
+  *  renamed function name to snake case closes #180 ([89d5186c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/89d5186c0dae8135ecabf90ee8bb35949bc2d29b))
+
+#### Features
+
+*   Add enums exercises ([dc150321](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/dc15032112fc485226a573a18139e5ce928b1755))
+*   Added exercise for struct update syntax ([1c4c8764](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1c4c8764ed118740cd4cee73272ddc6cceb9d959))
+* **iterators2:**  adds iterators2 exercise including config ([9288fccf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9288fccf07a2c5043b76d0fd6491e4cf72d76031))
+
+<a name="1.4.1"></a>
+### 1.4.1 (2019-08-13)
+
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+* **iterators2:**  Remove syntax resulting in misleading error message ([4cde8664](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4cde86643e12db162a66e62f23b78962986046ac))
+* **option1:**  Add test for prematurely passing exercise ([a750e4a1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/a750e4a1a3006227292bb17d57d78ce84da6bfc6))
+* **test1:**  Swap assertion parameter order ([4086d463](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4086d463a981e81d97781851d17db2ced290f446))
+
+
+
+<a name="1.4.0"></a>
+## 1.4.0 (2019-07-13)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+* **installation:**  Fix rustlings installation check ([7a252c47](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/7a252c475551486efb52f949b8af55803b700bc6))
+* **iterators:**  Rename iterator3.rs ([433d2115](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/433d2115bc1c04b6d34a335a18c9a8f3e2672bc6))
+* **readme:**  http to https ([70946b85](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/70946b85e536e80e70ed9505cb650ca0a3a1fbb5))
+* **test1:**  renamed function name to snake case ([89d5186c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/89d5186c0dae8135ecabf90ee8bb35949bc2d29b))
+* **cli:** Check if changed exercise file exists before calling verify ([ba85ca3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/ba85ca32c4cfc61de46851ab89f9c58a28f33c88))
+* **structs1:** Fix the irrefutable let pattern warning ([cc6a141](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cc6a14104d7c034eadc98297eaaa972d09c50b1f))
+
+#### Features
+
+* **changelog:**  Use clog for changelogs ([34e31232](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/34e31232dfddde284a341c9609b33cd27d9d5724))
+* **iterators2:**  adds iterators2 exercise including config ([9288fccf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9288fccf07a2c5043b76d0fd6491e4cf72d76031))
+
+<a name="1.3.0"></a>
+### 1.3.0 (2019-06-05)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Adds a simple exercise for structures (#163, @briankung)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Add Result type signature as it is difficult for new comers to understand Generics and Error all at once. (#157, @veggiemonk)
+- Rustfmt and whitespace fixes (#161, @eddyp)
+- errorsn.rs: Separate also the hints from each other to avoid accidental viewing (#162, @eddyp)
+- fixed outdated links (#165, @gushroom)
+- Fix broken link (#164, @HanKruiger)
+- Remove highlighting and syntect (#167, @komaeda)
+
+<a name="1.2.2"></a>
+### 1.2.2 (2019-05-07)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Reverted `--nocapture` flag since it was causing tests to pass unconditionally
+
+<a name="1.2.1"></a>
+### 1.2.1 (2019-04-22)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- Fix the `--nocapture` feature (@komaeda)
+- Provide a nicer error message for when you're in the wrong directory
+
+<a name="1.2.0"></a>
+### 1.2.0 (2019-04-22)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Add errors to exercises that compile without user changes (@yvan-sraka)
+- Use --nocapture when testing, enabling `println!` when running (@komaeda)
+
+<a name="1.1.1"></a>
+### 1.1.1 (2019-04-14)
+
+#### Bug fixes
+
+- Fix permissions on exercise files (@zacanger, #133)
+- Make installation checks more thorough (@komaeda, 1b3469f236bc6979c27f6e1a04e4138a88e55de3)
+- Fix order of true/false in tests for executables (@mgeier, #137)
+- Stop run from panicking when compile fails (@cjpearce, #141)
+- Fix intermittent test failure caused by race condition (@cjpearce, #140)
+- Fix links by deleting book version (@diodfr, #142)
+- Canonicalize paths to fix path matching (@cjpearce, #143)
+
+<a name="1.1.0"></a>
+### 1.1.0 (2019-03-20)
+
+- errors2.rs: update link to Rust book (#124)
+- Start verification at most recently modified file (#120)
+- Watch for file creation events in watch mode (#117)
+- Add standard library types to exercises suite (#119)
+- Give a warning when Rustlings isn't run from the right directory (#123)
+- Verify that rust version is recent enough to install Rustlings (#131)
+
+<a name="1.0.1"></a>
+### 1.0.1 (2019-03-06)
+
+- Adds a way to install Rustlings in one command (`curl -L https://git.io/rustlings | bash`)
+- Makes `rustlings watch` react to create file events (@shaunbennett, #117)
+- Reworks the exercise management to use an external TOML file instead of just listing them in the code
+
+<a name="1.0.0"></a>
+### 1.0.0 (2019-03-06)
+
+Initial release.

CONTRIBUTING.md

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+## Contributing to Rustlings
+
+First off, thanks for taking the time to contribute!! ❤️
+
+### Quick Reference
+
+I want to...
+
+_add an exercise! ➡️ [read this](#addex) and then [open a Pull Request](#prs)_
+
+_update an outdated exercise! ➡️ [open a Pull Request](#prs)_
+
+_report a bug! ➡️ [open an Issue](#issues)_
+
+_fix a bug! ➡️ [open a Pull Request](#prs)_
+
+_implement a new feature! ➡️ [open an Issue to discuss it first, then a Pull Request](#issues)_
+
+<a name="#src"></a>
+### Working on the source code
+
+`rustlings` is basically a glorified `rustc` wrapper. Therefore the source code
+isn't really that complicated since the bulk of the work is done by `rustc`.
+`src/main.rs` contains a simple `clap` CLI that loads from `src/verify.rs` and `src/run.rs`.
+
+<a name="addex"></a>
+### Adding an exercise
+
+First step is to add the exercise! Call it `exercises/yourTopic/yourTopicN.rs`, make sure to
+put in some helpful links, and link to sections of the book in `exercises/yourTopic/README.md`.
+
+Next you want to make sure it runs when using `rustlings`. All exercises are stored in `info.toml`, under the `exercises` array. They're ordered by the order they're ran when using `rustlings verify`.
+
+You want to make sure where in the file you add your exercise. If you're not sure, add it at the bottom and ask in your pull request. To add an exercise, edit the file like this:
+```diff
+  ...
++ [[exercises]]
++ path = "exercises/yourTopic/yourTopicN.rs"
++ mode = "compile"
+  ...
+```
+
+The `mode` attribute decides whether Rustlings will only compile your exercise, or compile and test it. If you have tests to verify in your exercise, choose `test`, otherwise `compile`.
+
+That's all! Feel free to put up a pull request.
+
+<a name="issues"></a>
+### Issues
+
+You can open an issue [here](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/new).
+If you're reporting a bug, please include the output of the following commands:
+
+- `rustc --version`
+- `rustlings --version`
+- `ls -la`
+- Your OS name and version
+
+<a name="prs"></a>
+### Pull Requests
+
+Opening a pull request is as easy as forking the repository and committing your
+changes. There's a couple of things to watch out for:
+
+#### Write correct commit messages
+
+We follow the [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0-beta.4/)
+specification, because it makes it easier to generate changelogs automatically.
+This means that you have to format your commit messages in a specific way. Say
+you're working on adding a new exercise called `foobar1.rs`. You could write
+the following commit message:
+
+```
+feat: Add foobar1.rs exercise
+```
+
+If you're just fixing a bug, please use the `fix` type:
+
+```
+fix(verify): Make sure verify doesn't self-destruct
+```
+
+The scope within the brackets is optional, but should be any of these:
+
+- `installation` (for the installation script)
+- `cli` (for general CLI changes)
+- `verify` (for the verification source file)
+- `watch` (for the watch functionality source)
+- `run` (for the run functionality source)
+- `EXERCISENAME` (if you're changing a specific exercise, or set of exercises,
+  substitute them here)
+
+When the commit also happens to close an existing issue, link it in the message
+body:
+
+```
+fix: Update foobar
+
+closes #101029908
+```
+
+If you're doing simple changes, like updating a book link, use `chore`:
+
+```
+chore: Update exercise1.rs book link
+```
+
+If you're updating documentation, use `docs`:
+
+```
+docs: Add more information to Readme
+```
+
+If, and only if, you're absolutely sure you want to make a breaking change
+(please discuss this beforehand!), add an exclamation mark to the type and
+explain the breaking change in the message body:
+
+```
+fix!: Completely change verification
+
+BREAKING CHANGE: This has to be done because lorem ipsum dolor
+```
+
+#### Pull Request Workflow
+
+Once you open a Pull Request, it may be reviewed or labeled (or both) until
+the maintainers accept your change. Then, [bors](https://github.com/bors) will
+run the test suite with your changes and if it's successful, automatically
+merge it in!

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+"checksum winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
+"checksum ws2_32-sys 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)" = "d59cefebd0c892fa2dd6de581e937301d8552cb44489cdff035c6187cb63fa5e"

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 [package]
 name = "rustlings"
-version = "1.1.1"
-authors = ["Olivia <819880950@qq.com>", "Carol (Nichols || Goulding) <carol.nichols@gmail.com"]
+version = "1.5.1"
+authors = ["Marisa <mokou@posteo.de>", "Carol (Nichols || Goulding) <carol.nichols@gmail.com"]
 edition = "2018"
 
 [dependencies]
 clap = "2.32.0"
 indicatif = "0.9.0"
 console = "0.6.2"
-syntect = "3.0.2"
 notify = "4.0.0"
 toml = "0.4.10"
 serde = {version = "1.0.10", features = ["derive"]}

README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-![crab pet](http://i.imgur.com/LbZJgmm.gif) 
+![crab pet](https://i.imgur.com/LbZJgmm.gif)
 
 # rustlings 🦀❤️
 
@@ -31,36 +31,51 @@ curl -L https://git.io/rustlings | bash -s mypath/
 
 This will install Rustlings and give you access to the `rustlings` command. Run it to get started!
 
-## Windows/Manually
+## Windows
+
+You can run:
+
+```ps
+Invoke-WebRequest https://git.io/rustlings-win | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Content | Out-File $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Unblock-File $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Invoke-Expression $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1
+```
+
+To install Rustlings. Same as on MacOS/Linux, you will have access to the `rustlings` command after it.
+
+## Manually
 
 Basically: Clone the repository, checkout to the latest tag, run `cargo install`.
 
 ```bash
 git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings
 cd rustlings
-git checkout tags/1.0.0 # or whatever the latest version is (find out at https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/releases/latest)
+git checkout tags/1.5.1 # or whatever the latest version is (find out at https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/releases/latest)
 cargo install --force --path .
 ```
 
-Same as above, run `rustlings` to get started.
+If there are installation errors, ensure that your toolchain is up to date. For the latest, run:
+```bash
+rustup update
+```
+
+Then, same as above, run `rustlings` to get started.
 
 ## Doing exercises
 
-The exercises are sorted by topic and can be found in the subdirectory `rustlings/exercises/<topic>`. For every topic there is an additional README file with some resources to get you started on the topic. We really recommend that you have a look at them before you start. 
+The exercises are sorted by topic and can be found in the subdirectory `rustlings/exercises/<topic>`. For every topic there is an additional README file with some resources to get you started on the topic. We really recommend that you have a look at them before you start.
 
-The task is simple. Most exercises contain an error that keep it from compiling, and it's up to you to fix it! Some exercises are also ran as tests, but rustlings handles them all the same. To run the exercises in the recommended order, execute:
-
-```bash
-rustlings verify
-```
-
-This will try to verify the completion of every exercise in a predetermined order (what we think is best for newcomers). If you don't want to rerun `verify` every time you change a file, you can run:
+The task is simple. Most exercises contain an error that keep it from compiling, and it's up to you to fix it! Some exercises are also run as tests, but rustlings handles them all the same. To run the exercises in the recommended order, execute:
 
 ```bash
 rustlings watch
 ```
 
-This will do the same as verify, but won't quit after running and instead automatically rerun as soon as you change a file in the `exercises/` directory.
+This will try to verify the completion of every exercise in a predetermined order (what we think is best for newcomers). It will also rerun automatically every time you change a file in the `exercises/` directory. If you want to only run it once, you can use:
+
+```bash
+rustlings verify
+```
+
+This will do the same as watch, but it'll quit after running.
 
 In case you want to go by your own order, or want to only verify a single exercise, you can run:
 
@@ -94,31 +109,7 @@ If you are interested in improving or adding new ones, please feel free to contr
 
 ## Contributing
 
-### Adding an exercise
-
-First step is to add the exercise! Call it `exercises/yourTopic/yourTopicN.rs`, make sure to
-put in some helpful links, and link to sections of the book in `exercises/yourTopic/README.md`.
-
-Next you want to make sure it runs when using `rustlings`. All exercises are stored in `info.toml`, under the `exercises` array. They're ordered by the order they're ran when using `rustlings verify`.
-
-You want to make sure where in the file you add your exercise. If you're not sure, add it at the bottom and ask in your pull request. To add an exercise, edit the file like this:
-```diff
-  ...
-+ [[exercises]]
-+ path = "exercises/yourTopic/yourTopicN.rs"
-+ mode = "compile"
-  ...
-```
-
-The `mode` attribute decides whether Rustlings will only compile your exercise, or compile and test it. If you have tests to verify in your exercise, choose `test`, otherwise `compile`.
-
-That's all! Feel free to put up a pull request.
-
-### Working on the source code
-
-`rustlings` is basically a glorified `rustc` wrapper. Therefore the source code
-isn't really that complicated since the bulk of the work is done by `rustc`.
-`src/main.rs` contains a simple `clap` CLI that loads from `src/verify.rs` and `src/run.rs`.
+See [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md).
 
 ## Credits
 

default_out.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-Thanks for installing `rustlings`!
+Thanks for installing Rustlings!
 
-## Is this your first time?
+Is this your first time?
 
 Let's make sure you're up to speed:
 - You have Rust installed, preferably via `rustup`
@@ -9,12 +9,10 @@ Let's make sure you're up to speed:
 - You have installed Rust language support for your editor
 - You have locally installed the `rustlings` command by running:
 
-```sh
-cargo install --path .
-```
+cargo install --force --path .
 
 If you've done all of this (or even most of it), congrats! You're ready
 to start working with Rust.
 
-To get started, run `rustlings verify` in order to get the first exercise.
-Make sure to have your editor open!
+To get started, run `rustlings watch` in order to get the first exercise.
+Make sure to have your editor open!

exercises/enums/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+### Enums
+
+Rust allows you to define a type called `enums` which allow you to enumerate possible values. In combination with enums, we have the concept of `pattern matching` in Rust, which makes it easy to run different code for different values of an enumeration. Enums, while available in many languages, Rust's enums are most similar to `algebraic data types` in functional languages, such as F#, OCaml, and Haskell.
+
+#### Book Sections
+
+- [Enums](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch06-00-enums.html)

exercises/enums/enums1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// enums1.rs
+// Make me compile! Scroll down for hints!
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum Message {
+    // TODO: define a few types of messages as used below
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("{:?}", Message::Quit);
+    println!("{:?}", Message::Echo);
+    println!("{:?}", Message::Move);
+    println!("{:?}", Message::ChangeColor);
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// Hint: The declaration of the enumeration type has not been defined yet.

exercises/enums/enums2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// enums2.rs
+// Make me compile! Scroll down for hints
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum Message {
+    // TODO: define the different variants used below
+}
+
+impl Message {
+    fn call(&self) {
+        println!("{:?}", &self);
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let messages = [
+        Message::Move{ x: 10, y: 30 },
+        Message::Echo(String::from("hello world")),
+        Message::ChangeColor(200, 255, 255),
+        Message::Quit
+    ];
+
+    for message in &messages {
+        message.call();
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// Hint: you can create enumerations that have different variants with different types
+// such as no data, anonymous structs, a single string, tuples, ...etc

exercises/enums/enums3.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// enums3.rs
+// Address all the TODOs to make the tests pass!
+
+enum Message {
+    // TODO: implement the message variant types based on their usage below
+}
+
+struct Point {
+    x: u8,
+    y: u8
+}
+
+struct State {
+    color: (u8, u8, u8),
+    position: Point,
+    quit: bool
+}
+
+impl State {
+    fn change_color(&mut self, color: (u8, u8, u8)) {
+        self.color = color;
+    }
+
+    fn quit(&mut self) {
+        self.quit = true;
+    }
+
+    fn echo(&self, s: String) {
+        println!("{}", s);
+    }
+
+    fn move_position(&mut self, p: Point) {
+        self.position = p;
+    }
+
+    fn process(&mut self, message: Message) {
+        // TODO: create a match expression to process the different message variants
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_match_message_call() {
+        let mut state = State{
+            quit: false,
+            position: Point{ x: 0, y: 0 },
+            color: (0, 0, 0)
+        };
+        state.process(Message::ChangeColor(255, 0, 255));
+        state.process(Message::Echo(String::from("hello world")));
+        state.process(Message::Move{ x: 10, y: 15 });
+        state.process(Message::Quit);
+
+        assert_eq!(state.color, (255, 0, 255));
+        assert_eq!(state.position.x, 10);
+        assert_eq!(state.position.y, 15);
+        assert_eq!(state.quit, true);
+    }
+
+}

exercises/error_handling/errors1.rs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ mod tests {
 // `Option`.
 
 // To make this change, you'll need to:
-// - update the return type in the function signature to be a Result that
+// - update the return type in the function signature to be a Result<String, String> that
 //   could be the variants `Ok(String)` and `Err(String)`
 // - change the body of the function to return `Ok(stuff)` where it currently
 //   returns `Some(stuff)`

exercises/error_handling/errors2.rs

@@ -32,10 +32,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn item_quantity_is_a_valid_number() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            total_cost("34"),
-            Ok(171)
-        );
+        assert_eq!(total_cost("34"), Ok(171));
     }
 
     #[test]

exercises/error_handling/errors3.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 // errors3.rs
 // This is a program that is trying to use a completed version of the
-// `total_cost` function from the previous exercise. It's not working though--
-// we can't use the `?` operator in the `main()` function! Why not?
-// What should we do instead? Scroll for hints!
+// `total_cost` function from the previous exercise. It's not working though!
+// Why not? What should we do to fix it? Scroll for hints!
 
 use std::num::ParseIntError;
 
@@ -45,18 +44,4 @@ pub fn total_cost(item_quantity: &str) -> Result<i32, ParseIntError> {
 
 
 
-// Since the `?` operator returns an `Err` early if the thing it's trying to
-// do fails, you can only use the `?` operator in functions that have a
-// `Result` as their return type.
-
-// Hence the error that you get if you run this code is:
-
-// ```
-// error[E0277]: the `?` operator can only be used in a function that returns `Result` (or another type that implements `std::ops::Try`)
-// ```
-
-// So we have to use another way of handling a `Result` within `main`.
-
-// Decide what we should do if `pretend_user_input` has a string value that does
-// not parse to an integer, and implement that instead of using the `?`
-// operator.
+// If other functions can return a `Result`, why shouldn't `main`?

exercises/error_handling/errorsn.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::io;
 
 // PositiveNonzeroInteger is a struct defined below the tests.
-fn read_and_validate(b: &mut io::BufRead) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, ???> {
+fn read_and_validate(b: &mut dyn io::BufRead) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, ???> {
     let mut line = String::new();
     b.read_line(&mut line);
     let num: i64 = line.trim().parse();
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ fn read_and_validate(b: &mut io::BufRead) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, ???>
 }
 
 // This is a test helper function that turns a &str into a BufReader.
-fn test_with_str(s: &str) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, Box<error::Error>> {
+fn test_with_str(s: &str) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, Box<dyn error::Error>> {
     let mut b = io::BufReader::new(s.as_bytes());
     read_and_validate(&mut b)
 }
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ fn test_ioerror() {
     assert_eq!("uh-oh!", read_and_validate(&mut b).unwrap_err().to_string());
 }
 
-#[derive(PartialEq,Debug)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
 struct PositiveNonzeroInteger(u64);
 
 impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
@@ -83,11 +83,14 @@ impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
 #[test]
 fn test_positive_nonzero_integer_creation() {
     assert!(PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(10).is_ok());
-    assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Negative), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(-10));
+    assert_eq!(
+        Err(CreationError::Negative),
+        PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(-10)
+    );
     assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Zero), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(0));
 }
 
-#[derive(PartialEq,Debug)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
 enum CreationError {
     Negative,
     Zero,
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ enum CreationError {
 
 impl fmt::Display for CreationError {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.write_str((self as &error::Error).description())
+        f.write_str((self as &dyn error::Error).description())
     }
 }
 
@@ -108,23 +111,110 @@ impl error::Error for CreationError {
     }
 }
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
 // First hint: To figure out what type should go where the ??? is, take a look
 // at the test helper function `test_with_str`, since it returns whatever
 // `read_and_validate` returns and`test_with_str` has its signature fully
 // specified.
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
 // Next hint: There are three places in `read_and_validate` that we call a
 // function that returns a `Result` (that is, the functions might fail).
 // Apply the `?` operator on those calls so that we return immediately from
 // `read_and_validate` if those function calls fail.
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
 // Another hint: under the hood, the `?` operator calls `From::from`
-// on the error value to convert it to a boxed trait object, a Box<error::Error>,
+// on the error value to convert it to a boxed trait object, a Box<dyn error::Error>,
 // which is polymorphic-- that means that lots of different kinds of errors
 // can be returned from the same function because all errors act the same
 // since they all implement the `error::Error` trait.
 // Check out this section of the book:
-// https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/second-edition/ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html#a-shortcut-for-propagating-errors-the--operator
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html#a-shortcut-for-propagating-errors-the--operator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
 
 // Another another hint: Note that because the `?` operator returns
 // the *unwrapped* value in the `Ok` case, if we want to return a `Result` from
@@ -132,6 +222,25 @@ impl error::Error for CreationError {
 // that we got from the return value of a `?`ed call in an `Ok`-- this will
 // look like `Ok(something)`.
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
 // Another another another hint: `Result`s must be "used", that is, you'll
 // get a warning if you don't handle a `Result` that you get in your
 // function. Read more about that in the `std::result` module docs:

exercises/error_handling/option1.rs

@@ -4,17 +4,29 @@
 // on `None`. Handle this in a more graceful way than calling `unwrap`!
 // Scroll down for hints :)
 
-fn main() {
+pub fn pop_too_much() -> bool {
     let mut list = vec![3];
 
     let last = list.pop().unwrap();
     println!("The last item in the list is {:?}", last);
 
     let second_to_last = list.pop().unwrap();
-    println!("The second-to-last item in the list is {:?}", second_to_last);
+    println!(
+        "The second-to-last item in the list is {:?}",
+        second_to_last
+    );
+    true
 }
 
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn should_not_panic() {
+        assert!(pop_too_much());
+    }
+}
 
 
 

exercises/error_handling/result1.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // result1.rs
 // Make this test pass! Scroll down for hints :)
 
-#[derive(PartialEq,Debug)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
 struct PositiveNonzeroInteger(u64);
 
-#[derive(PartialEq,Debug)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
 enum CreationError {
     Negative,
     Zero,
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
 #[test]
 fn test_creation() {
     assert!(PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(10).is_ok());
-    assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Negative), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(-10));
+    assert_eq!(
+        Err(CreationError::Negative),
+        PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(-10)
+    );
     assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Zero), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(0));
 }
 

exercises/functions/README.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Here, you'll learn how to write functions and how Rust's compiler can trace thin
 
 #### Book Sections
 
-- [How Functions Work](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch03-03-how-functions-work.html)
+- [How Functions Work](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-03-how-functions-work.html)

exercises/functions/functions5.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn square(num: i32) -> i32 {
 
 // This is a really common error that can be fixed by removing one character.
 // It happens because Rust distinguishes between expressions and statements: expressions return
-// a value based on its operand, and statements simply return a () type which behaves just like `void` in C/C++ language. 
+// a value based on its operand, and statements simply return a () type which behaves just like `void` in C/C++ language.
 // We want to return a value of `i32` type from the `square` function, but it is returning a `()` type...
 // They are not the same. There are two solutions:
 // 1. Add a `return` ahead of `num * num;`

exercises/if/README.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
 
 #### Book Sections
 
-- [Control Flow - if expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch03-05-control-flow.html#if-expressions)
+- [Control Flow - if expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-05-control-flow.html#if-expressions)

exercises/if/if1.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 // if1.rs
 
-pub fn bigger(a: i32, b:i32) -> i32 {
+pub fn bigger(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
     // Complete this function to return the bigger number!
     // Do not use:
-    // - return
     // - another function call
     // - additional variables
     // Scroll down for hints.

exercises/macros/README.md

@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ modules, instead we'll show you how to use and create them.
 
 #### Book Sections
 
-- [Macros](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch19-06-macros.html)
+- [Macros](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html)
 - [The Little Book of Rust Macros](https://danielkeep.github.io/tlborm/book/index.html)

exercises/modules/README.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ In this section we'll give you an introduction to Rust's module system.
 
 #### Book Sections
 
-- [The Module System](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch07-02-modules-and-use-to-control-scope-and-privacy.html)
+- [The Module System](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch07-02-defining-modules-to-control-scope-and-privacy.html)

exercises/modules/modules2.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // modules2.rs
 // Make me compile! Scroll down for hints :)
 
-mod delicious_snacks { 
+mod delicious_snacks {
     use self::fruits::PEAR as fruit;
     use self::veggies::CUCUMBER as veggie;
 
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@ mod delicious_snacks {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    println!("favorite snacks: {} and {}",
-             delicious_snacks::fruit,
-             delicious_snacks::veggie);
+    println!(
+        "favorite snacks: {} and {}",
+        delicious_snacks::fruit,
+        delicious_snacks::veggie
+    );
 }
 
 

exercises/move_semantics/README.md

@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ These exercises are adapted from [pnkfelix](https://github.com/pnkfelix)'s [Rust
 
 For this section, the book links are especially important.
 
-- [Ownership](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html)
-- [Reference and borrowing](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html)
+- [Ownership](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html)
+- [Reference and borrowing](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html)

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ fn main() {
     vec1.push(88);
 
     println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);
-
 }
 
 fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ fn main() {
     vec1.push(88);
 
     println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);
-
 }
 
 fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ fn main() {
     vec1.push(88);
 
     println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);
-
 }
 
 fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ fn main() {
     vec1.push(88);
 
     println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);
-
 }
 
-fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
+// `fill_vec()` no longer take `vec: Vec<i32>` as argument
+fn fill_vec() -> Vec<i32> {
     let mut vec = vec;
 
     vec.push(22);

exercises/primitive_types/README.md

@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ compiler. In this section, we'll go through the most important ones.
 #### Book Sections
 
 - [Data Types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch03-02-data-types.html)
+- [The Slice Type](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch04-03-slices.html)

exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types4.rs

@@ -2,16 +2,13 @@
 // Get a slice out of Array a where the ??? is so that the `if` statement
 // returns true. Scroll down for hints!!
 
+#[test]
 fn main() {
     let a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
 
     let nice_slice = ???
 
-    if nice_slice == [2, 3, 4] {
-        println!("Nice slice!");
-    } else {
-        println!("Not quite what I was expecting... I see: {:?}", nice_slice);
-    }
+    assert_eq!([2, 3, 4], nice_slice)
 }
 
 
@@ -33,6 +30,28 @@ fn main() {
 
 
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
 
 
 

exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types5.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn main() {
 
 
 // Take a look at the Data Types -> The Tuple Type section of the book:
-// https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch03-02-data-types.html#the-tuple-type
-// Particularly the part about destructuring (second to last example in the section). 
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-02-data-types.html#the-tuple-type
+// Particularly the part about destructuring (second to last example in the section).
 // You'll need to make a pattern to bind `name` and `age` to the appropriate parts
 // of the tuple. You can do it!!

exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ fn main() {
 
 
 
-// While you could use a destructuring `let` for the tuple here, try 
-// indexing into it instead, as explained in the last example of the 
+// While you could use a destructuring `let` for the tuple here, try
+// indexing into it instead, as explained in the last example of the
 // Data Types -> The Tuple Type section of the book:
-// https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch03-02-data-types.html#the-tuple-type
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-02-data-types.html#the-tuple-type
 // Now you have another tool in your toolbox!

exercises/standard_library_types/README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-For the Arc exercise check out the chapter [Shared-State Concurrency](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/2018-edition/ch16-03-shared-state.html) of the Rust Book.
+For the Arc exercise check out the chapter [Shared-State Concurrency](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-03-shared-state.html) of the Rust Book.
 
-For the Iterator exercise check out the chapters [Iterator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/2018-edition/ch13-02-iterators.html) of the Rust Book and the [Iterator documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.htmlj).
+For the Iterator exercise check out the chapters [Iterator](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch13-02-iterators.html) of the Rust Book and the [Iterator documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/).
 Do not adjust your monitors-- iterators 1 and 2 are indeed missing. Iterator 3 is a bit challenging so we're leaving space for some exercises to lead up to it!
 

exercises/standard_library_types/arc1.rs

@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ fn main() {
     let mut joinhandles = Vec::new();
 
     for offset in 0..8 {
-        joinhandles.push(
-        thread::spawn(move || {
+        joinhandles.push(thread::spawn(move || {
             let mut i = offset;
             let mut sum = 0;
             while i < child_numbers.len() {

exercises/standard_library_types/iterators2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// iterators2.rs
+// In this module, you'll learn some of unique advantages that iterators can offer
+// Step 1. Complete the `capitalize_first` function to pass the first two cases
+// Step 2. Apply the `capitalize_first` function to a vector of strings, ensuring that it returns a vector of strings as well
+// Step 3. Apply the `capitalize_first` function again to a list, but try and ensure it returns a single string
+// As always, there are hints below!
+
+pub fn capitalize_first(input: &str) -> String {
+    let mut c = input.chars();
+    match c.next() {
+        None => String::new(),
+        Some(first) => first.collect::<String>() + c.as_str(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    // Step 1.
+    // Tests that verify your `capitalize_first` function implementation
+    #[test]
+    fn test_success() {
+        assert_eq!(capitalize_first("hello"), "Hello");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_empty() {
+        assert_eq!(capitalize_first(""), "");
+    }
+
+    // Step 2.
+    #[test]
+    fn test_iterate_string_vec() {
+        let words = vec!["hello", "world"];
+        let capitalized_words: Vec<String> = // TODO
+        assert_eq!(capitalized_words, ["Hello", "World"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_iterate_into_string() {
+        let words = vec!["hello", " ", "world"];
+        let capitalized_words = // TODO
+        assert_eq!(capitalized_words, "Hello World");
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// Step 1
+// You need to call something on `first` before it can be collected
+// Currently its type is `char`. Have a look at the methods that are available on that type:
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.char.html
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// Step 2
+// First you'll need to turn the Vec into an iterator
+// Then you'll need to apply your function unto each item in the vector
+// P.s. Don't forget to collect() at the end!
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// Step 3.
+// This is very similar to the previous test. The only real change is that you will need to
+// alter the type that collect is coerced into. For a bonus you could try doing this with a
+// turbofish

exercises/standard_library_types/iterators3.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// iterator3.rs
+// iterators3.rs
 // This is a bigger exercise than most of the others! You can do it!
 // Here is your mission, should you choose to accept it:
 // 1. Complete the divide function to get the first four tests to pass
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ pub struct NotDivisibleError {
 // This function should calculate `a` divided by `b` if `a` is
 // evenly divisible by b.
 // Otherwise, it should return a suitable error.
-pub fn divide(a: i32, b: i32) -> Result<i32, DivisionError> {
-}
+pub fn divide(a: i32, b: i32) -> Result<i32, DivisionError> {}
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_not_divisible() {
         assert_eq!(
             divide(81, 6),
-            Err(DivisionError::NotDivisible(NotDivisibleError{
+            Err(DivisionError::NotDivisible(NotDivisibleError {
                 dividend: 81,
                 divisor: 6
             }))
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ mod tests {
 
 
 
-// Minor hint: In each of the two cases in the match in main, you can create x with either 
+// Minor hint: In each of the two cases in the match in main, you can create x with either
 // a 'turbofish' or by hinting the type of x to the compiler. You may try both.
 
 
@@ -143,5 +142,5 @@ mod tests {
 
 
 
-// Major hint: Have a look at the Iter trait and at the explanation of its collect function. 
+// Major hint: Have a look at the Iter trait and at the explanation of its collect function.
 // Especially the part about Result is interesting.

exercises/strings/README.md

@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ to identify and create them, as well as use them.
 
 #### Book Sections
 
-- [Strings](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-02-strings.html)
+- [Strings](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch08-02-strings.html)

exercises/structs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+### Structs
+
+Rust has three struct types: a classic c struct, a tuple struct, and a unit struct.
+
+#### Book Sections
+
+- [Structures](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/custom_types/structs.html)

exercises/structs/structs1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// structs1.rs
+// Address all the TODOs to make the tests pass!
+
+struct ColorClassicStruct {
+    // TODO: Something goes here
+}
+
+struct ColorTupleStruct(/* TODO: Something goes here */);
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct UnitStruct;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn classic_c_structs() {
+        // TODO: Instantiate a classic c struct!
+        // let green =
+
+        assert_eq!(green.name, "green");
+        assert_eq!(green.hex, "#00FF00");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tuple_structs() {
+        // TODO: Instantiate a tuple struct!
+        // let green =
+
+        assert_eq!(green.0, "green");
+        assert_eq!(green.1, "#00FF00");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unit_structs() {
+        // TODO: Instantiate a unit struct!
+        // let unit_struct =
+        let message = format!("{:?}s are fun!", unit_struct);
+
+        assert_eq!(message, "UnitStructs are fun!");
+    }
+}

exercises/structs/structs2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// structs2.rs
+// Address all the TODOs to make the tests pass!
+// No hints, just do it!
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Order {
+    name: String,
+    year: u32,
+    made_by_phone: bool,
+    made_by_mobile: bool,
+    made_by_email: bool,
+    item_number: u32,
+    count: u32,
+}
+
+fn create_order_template() -> Order {
+    Order {
+        name: String::from("Bob"),
+        year: 2019,
+        made_by_phone: false,
+        made_by_mobile: false,
+        made_by_email: true,
+        item_number: 123,
+        count: 0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn your_order() {
+        let order_template = create_order_template();
+        // TODO: Create your own order using the update syntax and template above!
+        // let your_order =
+        assert_eq!(your_order.name, "Hacker in Rust");
+        assert_eq!(your_order.year, order_template.year);
+        assert_eq!(your_order.made_by_phone, order_template.made_by_phone);
+        assert_eq!(your_order.made_by_mobile, order_template.made_by_mobile);
+        assert_eq!(your_order.made_by_email, order_template.made_by_email);
+        assert_eq!(your_order.item_number, order_template.item_number);
+        assert_eq!(your_order.count, 1);
+    }
+}

exercises/test1.rs

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 // Don't modify this function!
 #[test]
 fn verify_test() {
-    let price1 = calculateprice(55);
-    let price2 = calculateprice(40);
+    let price1 = calculate_apple_price(35);
+    let price2 = calculate_apple_price(65);
 
-    assert_eq!(price1, 55);
-    assert_eq!(price2, 80);
+    assert_eq!(70, price1);
+    assert_eq!(65, price2);
 }

exercises/test2.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,28 @@
 // test2.rs
 // This is a test for the following sections:
-// - Tests
+// - Strings
 
-// This test isn't testing our function -- make it do that in such a way that
-// the test passes. Then write a second test that tests that we get the result
-// we expect to get when we call `times_two` with a negative number.
-// No hints, you can do this :)
+// Ok, here are a bunch of values-- some are `Strings`, some are `&strs`. Your
+// task is to call one of these two functions on each value depending on what
+// you think each value is. That is, add either `string_slice` or `string`
+// before the parentheses on each line. If you're right, it will compile!
 
-pub fn times_two(num: i32) -> i32 {
-    num * 2
+fn string_slice(arg: &str) {
+    println!("{}", arg);
+}
+fn string(arg: String) {
+    println!("{}", arg);
 }
 
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn returns_twice_of_positive_numbers() {
-        assert_eq!(4, 4);
-    }
+fn main() {
+    ("blue");
+    ("red".to_string());
+    (String::from("hi"));
+    ("rust is fun!".to_owned());
+    ("nice weather".into());
+    (format!("Interpolation {}", "Station"));
+    (&String::from("abc")[0..1]);
+    ("  hello there ".trim());
+    ("Happy Monday!".to_string().replace("Mon", "Tues"));
+    ("mY sHiFt KeY iS sTiCkY".to_lowercase());
 }

exercises/test3.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,27 @@
-// strings3.rs
+// test3.rs
 // This is a test for the following sections:
-// - Strings
+// - Tests
 
-// Ok, here are a bunch of values-- some are `Strings`, some are `&strs`. Your
-// task is to call one of these two functions on each value depending on what
-// you think each value is. That is, add either `string_slice` or `string`
-// before the parentheses on each line. If you're right, it will compile!
+// This test isn't testing our function -- make it do that in such a way that
+// the test passes. Then write a second test that tests that we get the result
+// we expect to get when we call `times_two` with a negative number.
+// No hints, you can do this :)
 
-fn string_slice(arg: &str) { println!("{}", arg); }
-fn string(arg: String) { println!("{}", arg); }
-
-fn main() {
-    ("blue");
-    ("red".to_string());
-    (String::from("hi"));
-    ("rust is fun!".to_owned());
-    ("nice weather".into());
-    (format!("Interpolation {}", "Station"));
-    (&String::from("abc")[0..1]);
-    ("  hello there ".trim());
-    ("Happy Monday!".to_string().replace("Mon", "Tues"));
-    ("mY sHiFt KeY iS sTiCkY".to_lowercase());
+pub fn times_two(num: i32) -> i32 {
+    num * 2
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn returns_twice_of_positive_numbers() {
+        assert_eq!(times_two(4), ???);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn returns_twice_of_negative_numbers() {
+        // TODO write an assert for `times_two(-4)`
+    }
 }

exercises/tests/README.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Going out of order from the book to cover tests -- many of the following exercis
 
 #### Book Sections
 
-- [Writing Tests](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch11-01-writing-tests.html)
+- [Writing Tests](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch11-01-writing-tests.html)

exercises/threads/README.md

@@ -1 +1 @@
-For this exercise check out the [Dining Philosophers example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.4.0/book/dining-philosophers.html) and the chapter [Concurrency](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/2018-edition/ch16-01-threads.html) of the Rust Book.
+For this exercise check out the [Dining Philosophers example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.4.0/book/dining-philosophers.html) and the chapter [Concurrency](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-01-threads.html) of the Rust Book.

exercises/threads/threads1.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ fn main() {
 // to **immutable** data. But we want to *change* the number of `jobs_completed`
 // so we'll need to also use another type that will only allow one thread to
 // mutate the data at a time. Take a look at this section of the book:
-// https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/second-edition/ch16-03-shared-state.html#atomic-reference-counting-with-arct
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-03-shared-state.html#atomic-reference-counting-with-arct
 // and keep scrolling if you'd like more hints :)
 
 

exercises/variables/README.md

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ Here you'll learn about simple variables.
 
 #### Book Sections
 
-- [Variables and Mutability](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html)
+- [Variables and Mutability](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html)

info.toml

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ mode = "compile"
 
 [[exercises]]
 path = "exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types4.rs"
-mode = "compile"
+mode = "test"
 
 [[exercises]]
 path = "exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types5.rs"
@@ -76,6 +76,46 @@ mode = "compile"
 path = "exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs"
 mode = "compile"
 
+# STRUCTS
+
+[[exercises]]
+path = "exercises/structs/structs1.rs"
+mode = "test"
+
+[[exercises]]
+path = "exercises/structs/structs2.rs"
+mode = "test"
+
+# STRINGS
+
+[[exercises]]
+path = "exercises/strings/strings1.rs"
+mode = "compile"
+
+[[exercises]]
+path = "exercises/strings/strings2.rs"
+mode = "compile"
+
+# TEST 2
+
+[[exercises]]
+path = "exercises/test2.rs"
+mode = "compile"
+
+# ENUMS
+
+[[exercises]]
+path = "exercises/enums/enums1.rs"
+mode = "compile"
+
+[[exercises]]
+path = "exercises/enums/enums2.rs"
+mode = "compile"
+
+[[exercises]]
+path = "exercises/enums/enums3.rs"
+mode = "test"
+
 # TESTS
 
 [[exercises]]
@@ -90,27 +130,11 @@ mode = "test"
 path = "exercises/tests/tests3.rs"
 mode = "test"
 
-# TEST 2
-
-[[exercises]]
-path = "exercises/test2.rs"
-mode = "test"
-
-# STRINGS
-
-[[exercises]]
-path = "exercises/strings/strings1.rs"
-mode = "compile"
-
-[[exercises]]
-path = "exercises/strings/strings2.rs"
-mode = "compile"
-
 # TEST 3
 
 [[exercises]]
 path = "exercises/test3.rs"
-mode = "compile"
+mode = "test"
 
 # MODULES
 
@@ -186,18 +210,12 @@ mode = "test"
 
 [[exercises]]
 path = "exercises/error_handling/option1.rs"
-mode = "compile"
+mode = "test"
 
 [[exercises]]
 path = "exercises/error_handling/result1.rs"
 mode = "test"
 
-# THREADS
-
-[[exercises]]
-path = "exercises/threads/threads1.rs"
-mode = "compile"
-
 # STANDARD LIBRARY TYPES
 
 [[exercises]]
@@ -205,9 +223,19 @@ path = "exercises/standard_library_types/arc1.rs"
 mode = "compile"
 
 [[exercises]]
-path = "exercises/standard_library_types/iterator3.rs"
+path = "exercises/standard_library_types/iterators2.rs"
+mode = "test"
+
+[[exercises]]
+path = "exercises/standard_library_types/iterators3.rs"
 mode = "test"
 
 [[exercises]]
 path = "exercises/standard_library_types/iterators4.rs"
 mode = "test"
+
+# THREADS
+
+[[exercises]]
+path = "exercises/threads/threads1.rs"
+mode = "compile"

install.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
+
+#Requires -Version 5
+param($path = "$pwd/rustlings")
+
+Write-Host "Let's get you set up with Rustlings!"
+
+Write-Host "Checking requirements..."
+if (Get-Command git -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+    Write-Host "SUCCESS: Git is installed"
+} else {
+    Write-Host "WARNING: Git does not seem to be installed."
+    Write-Host "Please download Git using your package manager or over https://git-scm.com/!"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+if (Get-Command rustc -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+    Write-Host "SUCCESS:  Rust is installed"
+} else {
+    Write-Host "WARNING: Rust does not seem to be installed."
+    Write-Host "Please download Rust using https://rustup.rs!"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+if (Get-Command cargo -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+    Write-Host "SUCCESS: Cargo is installed"
+} else {
+    Write-Host "WARNING: Cargo does not seem to be installed."
+    Write-Host "Please download Rust and Cargo using https://rustup.rs!"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# Function that compares two versions strings v1 and v2 given in arguments (e.g 1.31 and 1.33.0).
+# Returns 1 if v1 > v2, 0 if v1 == v2, 2 if v1 < v2.
+function vercomp($v1, $v2) {
+    if ($v1 -eq $v2) {
+       return 0
+    } 
+
+    $v1 = $v1.Replace(".", "0")
+    $v2 = $v2.Replace(".", "0")
+    if ($v1.Length -gt $v2.Length) {
+        $v2 = $v2.PadRight($v1.Length, "0")
+    } else {
+        $v1 = $v1.PadRight($v2.Length, "0")
+    }
+
+    if ($v1 -gt $v2) {
+        return 1
+    } else {
+        return 2
+    }
+}
+
+$rustVersion = $(rustc --version).Split(" ")[1]
+$minRustVersion = "1.31"
+if ((vercomp $rustVersion $minRustVersion) -eq 2) {
+    Write-Host "WARNING: Rust version is too old: $rustVersion - needs at least $minRustVersion"
+    Write-Host "Please update Rust with 'rustup update'"
+    exit 1
+} else {
+    Write-Host "SUCCESS: Rust is up to date"
+}
+
+Write-Host "Cloning Rustlings at $path"
+git clone -q https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings $path
+if (!($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0)) {
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# UseBasicParsing is deprecated, pwsh 6 or above will automatically use it,
+# but anyone running pwsh 5 will have to pass the argument.
+$version = Invoke-WebRequest -UseBasicParsing https://api.github.com/repos/rust-lang/rustlings/releases/latest `
+    | ConvertFrom-Json | Select-Object -ExpandProperty tag_name
+Write-Host "Checking out version $version..."
+Set-Location $path
+git checkout -q tags/$version
+
+Write-Host "Installing the 'rustlings' executable..."
+cargo install --force --path .
+if (!(Get-Command rustlings -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
+    Write-Host "WARNING: Please check that you have '~/.cargo/bin' in your PATH environment variable!"
+}
+
+Write-Host "All done! Run 'rustlings' to get started."

install.sh

@@ -94,10 +94,9 @@ git checkout -q tags/$Version
 echo "Installing the 'rustlings' executable..."
 cargo install --force --path .
 
-if [ -x "$(rustlings)" ]
+if ! [ -x "$(command -v rustlings)" ]
 then
     echo "WARNING: Please check that you have '~/.cargo/bin' in your PATH environment variable!"
 fi
 
 echo "All done! Run 'rustlings' to get started."
-

src/exercise.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
-use std::fs::{remove_file};
-use std::path::{PathBuf};
+use std::fs::remove_file;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::process::{self, Command, Output};
 
 const RUSTC_COLOR_ARGS: &[&str] = &["--color", "always"];
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ impl Display for Exercise {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use super::*;
-    use std::path::Path;
     use std::fs::File;
+    use std::path::Path;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_clean() {

src/main.rs

@@ -6,14 +6,9 @@ use notify::DebouncedEvent;
 use notify::{RecommendedWatcher, RecursiveMode, Watcher};
 use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::fs;
-use std::io::BufRead;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
 use std::time::Duration;
-use syntect::easy::HighlightFile;
-use syntect::highlighting::{Style, ThemeSet};
-use syntect::parsing::SyntaxSet;
-use syntect::util::as_24_bit_terminal_escaped;
 
 mod exercise;
 mod run;
@@ -35,9 +30,6 @@ fn main() {
         )
         .get_matches();
 
-    let ss = SyntaxSet::load_defaults_newlines();
-    let ts = ThemeSet::load_defaults();
-
     if None == matches.subcommand_name() {
         println!();
         println!(r#"       welcome to...                      "#);
@@ -55,6 +47,7 @@ fn main() {
             "{} must be run from the rustlings directory",
             std::env::current_exe().unwrap().to_str().unwrap()
         );
+        println!("Try `cd rustlings/`!");
         std::process::exit(1);
     }
 
@@ -91,36 +84,36 @@ fn main() {
     }
 
     if matches.subcommand_name().is_none() {
-        let mut highlighter =
-            HighlightFile::new("default_out.md", &ss, &ts.themes["base16-eighties.dark"]).unwrap();
-        for maybe_line in highlighter.reader.lines() {
-            let line = maybe_line.unwrap();
-            let regions: Vec<(Style, &str)> = highlighter.highlight_lines.highlight(&line, &ss);
-            println!("{}", as_24_bit_terminal_escaped(&regions[..], true));
-        }
+        let text = fs::read_to_string("default_out.txt").unwrap();
+        println!("{}", text);
     }
-
-    println!("\x1b[0m");
 }
 
 fn watch(exercises: &[Exercise]) -> notify::Result<()> {
+    /* Clears the terminal with an ANSI escape code.
+    Works in UNIX and newer Windows terminals. */
+    fn clear_screen() {
+        println!("\x1Bc");
+    }
+
     let (tx, rx) = channel();
 
     let mut watcher: RecommendedWatcher = Watcher::new(tx, Duration::from_secs(2))?;
     watcher.watch(Path::new("./exercises"), RecursiveMode::Recursive)?;
 
+    clear_screen();
     let _ignored = verify(exercises.iter());
 
     loop {
         match rx.recv() {
             Ok(event) => match event {
                 DebouncedEvent::Create(b) | DebouncedEvent::Chmod(b) | DebouncedEvent::Write(b) => {
-                    if b.extension() == Some(OsStr::new("rs")) {
-                        println!("----------**********----------\n");
+                    if b.extension() == Some(OsStr::new("rs")) && b.exists() {
                         let filepath = b.as_path().canonicalize().unwrap();
                         let exercise = exercises
                             .iter()
                             .skip_while(|e| !filepath.ends_with(&e.path));
+                        clear_screen();
                         let _ignored = verify(exercise);
                     }
                 }

src/run.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::exercise::{Mode, Exercise};
+use crate::exercise::{Exercise, Mode};
 use crate::verify::test;
 use console::{style, Emoji};
 use indicatif::ProgressBar;

src/verify.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::exercise::{Exercise, Mode};
 use console::{style, Emoji};
 use indicatif::ProgressBar;
 
-pub fn verify<'a>(start_at: impl IntoIterator<Item=&'a Exercise>) -> Result<(), ()> {
+pub fn verify<'a>(start_at: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a Exercise>) -> Result<(), ()> {
     for exercise in start_at {
         match exercise.mode {
             Mode::Test => test(&exercise)?,
@@ -19,11 +19,7 @@ fn compile_only(exercise: &Exercise) -> Result<(), ()> {
     let compile_output = exercise.compile();
     progress_bar.finish_and_clear();
     if compile_output.status.success() {
-        let formatstr = format!(
-            "{} Successfully compiled {}!",
-            Emoji("✅", "✓"),
-            exercise
-        );
+        let formatstr = format!("{} Successfully compiled {}!", Emoji("✅", "✓"), exercise);
         println!("{}", style(formatstr).green());
         exercise.clean();
         Ok(())

tests/fixture/failure/testNotPassed.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#[test]
+fn not_passing() {
+    assert!(false);
+}

tests/integration_tests.rs

@@ -76,6 +76,16 @@ fn run_single_test_failure() {
         .code(1);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn run_single_test_not_passed() {
+    Command::cargo_bin("rustlings")
+        .unwrap()
+        .args(&["r", "testNotPassed.rs"])
+        .current_dir("tests/fixture/failure/")
+        .assert()
+        .code(1);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn run_single_test_no_filename() {
     Command::cargo_bin("rustlings")