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FFmpeg/libavcodec/ivi_dsp.c

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/*
* DSP functions for Indeo Video Interactive codecs (Indeo4 and Indeo5)
*
* Copyright (c) 2009-2011 Maxim Poliakovski
*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
/**
* @file
* DSP functions (inverse transforms, motion compensation, wavelet recompostions)
* for Indeo Video Interactive codecs.
*/
#include "avcodec.h"
#include "dsputil.h"
#include "dwt.h"
#include "ivi_common.h"
#include "ivi_dsp.h"
void ff_ivi_recompose53(const IVIPlaneDesc *plane, uint8_t *dst,
const int dst_pitch, const int num_bands)
{
int x, y, indx;
int32_t p0, p1, p2, p3, tmp0, tmp1, tmp2;
int32_t b0_1, b0_2, b1_1, b1_2, b1_3, b2_1, b2_2, b2_3, b2_4, b2_5, b2_6;
int32_t b3_1, b3_2, b3_3, b3_4, b3_5, b3_6, b3_7, b3_8, b3_9;
int32_t pitch, back_pitch;
const IDWTELEM *b0_ptr, *b1_ptr, *b2_ptr, *b3_ptr;
/* all bands should have the same pitch */
pitch = plane->bands[0].pitch;
/* pixels at the position "y-1" will be set to pixels at the "y" for the 1st iteration */
back_pitch = 0;
/* get pointers to the wavelet bands */
b0_ptr = plane->bands[0].buf;
b1_ptr = plane->bands[1].buf;
b2_ptr = plane->bands[2].buf;
b3_ptr = plane->bands[3].buf;
for (y = 0; y < plane->height; y += 2) {
if (y+2 >= plane->height)
pitch= 0;
/* load storage variables with values */
if (num_bands > 0) {
b0_1 = b0_ptr[0];
b0_2 = b0_ptr[pitch];
}
if (num_bands > 1) {
b1_1 = b1_ptr[back_pitch];
b1_2 = b1_ptr[0];
b1_3 = b1_1 - b1_2*6 + b1_ptr[pitch];
}
if (num_bands > 2) {
b2_2 = b2_ptr[0]; // b2[x, y ]
b2_3 = b2_2; // b2[x+1,y ] = b2[x,y]
b2_5 = b2_ptr[pitch]; // b2[x ,y+1]
b2_6 = b2_5; // b2[x+1,y+1] = b2[x,y+1]
}
if (num_bands > 3) {
b3_2 = b3_ptr[back_pitch]; // b3[x ,y-1]
b3_3 = b3_2; // b3[x+1,y-1] = b3[x ,y-1]
b3_5 = b3_ptr[0]; // b3[x ,y ]
b3_6 = b3_5; // b3[x+1,y ] = b3[x ,y ]
b3_8 = b3_2 - b3_5*6 + b3_ptr[pitch];
b3_9 = b3_8;
}
for (x = 0, indx = 0; x < plane->width; x+=2, indx++) {
if (x+2 >= plane->width) {
b0_ptr --;
b1_ptr --;
b2_ptr --;
b3_ptr --;
}
/* some values calculated in the previous iterations can */
/* be reused in the next ones, so do appropriate copying */
b2_1 = b2_2; // b2[x-1,y ] = b2[x, y ]
b2_2 = b2_3; // b2[x ,y ] = b2[x+1,y ]
b2_4 = b2_5; // b2[x-1,y+1] = b2[x ,y+1]
b2_5 = b2_6; // b2[x ,y+1] = b2[x+1,y+1]
b3_1 = b3_2; // b3[x-1,y-1] = b3[x ,y-1]
b3_2 = b3_3; // b3[x ,y-1] = b3[x+1,y-1]
b3_4 = b3_5; // b3[x-1,y ] = b3[x ,y ]
b3_5 = b3_6; // b3[x ,y ] = b3[x+1,y ]
b3_7 = b3_8; // vert_HPF(x-1)
b3_8 = b3_9; // vert_HPF(x )
p0 = p1 = p2 = p3 = 0;
/* process the LL-band by applying LPF both vertically and horizontally */
if (num_bands > 0) {
tmp0 = b0_1;
tmp2 = b0_2;
b0_1 = b0_ptr[indx+1];
b0_2 = b0_ptr[pitch+indx+1];
tmp1 = tmp0 + b0_1;
p0 = tmp0 << 4;
p1 = tmp1 << 3;
p2 = (tmp0 + tmp2) << 3;
p3 = (tmp1 + tmp2 + b0_2) << 2;
}
/* process the HL-band by applying HPF vertically and LPF horizontally */
if (num_bands > 1) {
tmp0 = b1_2;
tmp1 = b1_1;
b1_2 = b1_ptr[indx+1];
b1_1 = b1_ptr[back_pitch+indx+1];
tmp2 = tmp1 - tmp0*6 + b1_3;
b1_3 = b1_1 - b1_2*6 + b1_ptr[pitch+indx+1];
p0 += (tmp0 + tmp1) << 3;
p1 += (tmp0 + tmp1 + b1_1 + b1_2) << 2;
p2 += tmp2 << 2;
p3 += (tmp2 + b1_3) << 1;
}
/* process the LH-band by applying LPF vertically and HPF horizontally */
if (num_bands > 2) {
b2_3 = b2_ptr[indx+1];
b2_6 = b2_ptr[pitch+indx+1];
tmp0 = b2_1 + b2_2;
tmp1 = b2_1 - b2_2*6 + b2_3;
p0 += tmp0 << 3;
p1 += tmp1 << 2;
p2 += (tmp0 + b2_4 + b2_5) << 2;
p3 += (tmp1 + b2_4 - b2_5*6 + b2_6) << 1;
}
/* process the HH-band by applying HPF both vertically and horizontally */
if (num_bands > 3) {
b3_6 = b3_ptr[indx+1]; // b3[x+1,y ]
b3_3 = b3_ptr[back_pitch+indx+1]; // b3[x+1,y-1]
tmp0 = b3_1 + b3_4;
tmp1 = b3_2 + b3_5;
tmp2 = b3_3 + b3_6;
b3_9 = b3_3 - b3_6*6 + b3_ptr[pitch+indx+1];
p0 += (tmp0 + tmp1) << 2;
p1 += (tmp0 - tmp1*6 + tmp2) << 1;
p2 += (b3_7 + b3_8) << 1;
p3 += b3_7 - b3_8*6 + b3_9;
}
/* output four pixels */
dst[x] = av_clip_uint8((p0 >> 6) + 128);
dst[x+1] = av_clip_uint8((p1 >> 6) + 128);
dst[dst_pitch+x] = av_clip_uint8((p2 >> 6) + 128);
dst[dst_pitch+x+1] = av_clip_uint8((p3 >> 6) + 128);
}// for x
dst += dst_pitch << 1;
back_pitch = -pitch;
b0_ptr += pitch + 1;
b1_ptr += pitch + 1;
b2_ptr += pitch + 1;
b3_ptr += pitch + 1;
}
}
void ff_ivi_recompose_haar(const IVIPlaneDesc *plane, uint8_t *dst,
const int dst_pitch, const int num_bands)
{
int x, y, indx, b0, b1, b2, b3, p0, p1, p2, p3;
const IDWTELEM *b0_ptr, *b1_ptr, *b2_ptr, *b3_ptr;
int32_t pitch;
/* all bands should have the same pitch */
pitch = plane->bands[0].pitch;
/* get pointers to the wavelet bands */
b0_ptr = plane->bands[0].buf;
b1_ptr = plane->bands[1].buf;
b2_ptr = plane->bands[2].buf;
b3_ptr = plane->bands[3].buf;
for (y = 0; y < plane->height; y += 2) {
for (x = 0, indx = 0; x < plane->width; x += 2, indx++) {
/* load coefficients */
b0 = b0_ptr[indx]; //should be: b0 = (num_bands > 0) ? b0_ptr[indx] : 0;
b1 = b1_ptr[indx]; //should be: b1 = (num_bands > 1) ? b1_ptr[indx] : 0;
b2 = b2_ptr[indx]; //should be: b2 = (num_bands > 2) ? b2_ptr[indx] : 0;
b3 = b3_ptr[indx]; //should be: b3 = (num_bands > 3) ? b3_ptr[indx] : 0;
/* haar wavelet recomposition */
p0 = (b0 + b1 + b2 + b3 + 2) >> 2;
p1 = (b0 + b1 - b2 - b3 + 2) >> 2;
p2 = (b0 - b1 + b2 - b3 + 2) >> 2;
p3 = (b0 - b1 - b2 + b3 + 2) >> 2;
/* bias, convert and output four pixels */
dst[x] = av_clip_uint8(p0 + 128);
dst[x + 1] = av_clip_uint8(p1 + 128);
dst[dst_pitch + x] = av_clip_uint8(p2 + 128);
dst[dst_pitch + x + 1] = av_clip_uint8(p3 + 128);
}// for x
dst += dst_pitch << 1;
b0_ptr += pitch;
b1_ptr += pitch;
b2_ptr += pitch;
b3_ptr += pitch;
}// for y
}
/** butterfly operation for the inverse Haar transform */
#define IVI_HAAR_BFLY(s1, s2, o1, o2, t) \
t = (s1 - s2) >> 1;\
o1 = (s1 + s2) >> 1;\
o2 = t;\
/** inverse 8-point Haar transform */
#define INV_HAAR8(s1, s5, s3, s7, s2, s4, s6, s8,\
d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8,\
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8) {\
t1 = s1 << 1; t5 = s5 << 1;\
IVI_HAAR_BFLY(t1, t5, t1, t5, t0); IVI_HAAR_BFLY(t1, s3, t1, t3, t0);\
IVI_HAAR_BFLY(t5, s7, t5, t7, t0); IVI_HAAR_BFLY(t1, s2, t1, t2, t0);\
IVI_HAAR_BFLY(t3, s4, t3, t4, t0); IVI_HAAR_BFLY(t5, s6, t5, t6, t0);\
IVI_HAAR_BFLY(t7, s8, t7, t8, t0);\
d1 = COMPENSATE(t1);\
d2 = COMPENSATE(t2);\
d3 = COMPENSATE(t3);\
d4 = COMPENSATE(t4);\
d5 = COMPENSATE(t5);\
d6 = COMPENSATE(t6);\
d7 = COMPENSATE(t7);\
d8 = COMPENSATE(t8); }
/** inverse 4-point Haar transform */
#define INV_HAAR4(s1, s3, s5, s7) {\
HAAR_BFLY(s1, s5); HAAR_BFLY(s1, s3); HAAR_BFLY(s5, s7);\
s1 = COMPENSATE(s1);\
s3 = COMPENSATE(s3);\
s5 = COMPENSATE(s5);\
s7 = COMPENSATE(s7); }
void ff_ivi_inverse_haar_8x8(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch,
const uint8_t *flags)
{
int i, shift, sp1, sp2, sp3, sp4;
const int32_t *src;
int32_t *dst;
int tmp[64];
int t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
/* apply the InvHaar8 to all columns */
#define COMPENSATE(x) (x)
src = in;
dst = tmp;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
if (flags[i]) {
/* pre-scaling */
shift = !(i & 4);
sp1 = src[ 0] << shift;
sp2 = src[ 8] << shift;
sp3 = src[16] << shift;
sp4 = src[24] << shift;
INV_HAAR8( sp1, sp2, sp3, sp4,
src[32], src[40], src[48], src[56],
dst[ 0], dst[ 8], dst[16], dst[24],
dst[32], dst[40], dst[48], dst[56],
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8);
} else
dst[ 0] = dst[ 8] = dst[16] = dst[24] =
dst[32] = dst[40] = dst[48] = dst[56] = 0;
src++;
dst++;
}
#undef COMPENSATE
/* apply the InvHaar8 to all rows */
#define COMPENSATE(x) (x)
src = tmp;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
if ( !src[0] && !src[1] && !src[2] && !src[3]
&& !src[4] && !src[5] && !src[6] && !src[7]) {
memset(out, 0, 8 * sizeof(out[0]));
} else {
INV_HAAR8(src[0], src[1], src[2], src[3],
src[4], src[5], src[6], src[7],
out[0], out[1], out[2], out[3],
out[4], out[5], out[6], out[7],
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8);
}
src += 8;
out += pitch;
}
#undef COMPENSATE
}
void ff_ivi_dc_haar_2d(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch,
int blk_size)
{
int x, y;
int16_t dc_coeff;
dc_coeff = (*in + 0) >> 3;
for (y = 0; y < blk_size; out += pitch, y++) {
for (x = 0; x < blk_size; x++)
out[x] = dc_coeff;
}
}
/** butterfly operation for the inverse slant transform */
#define IVI_SLANT_BFLY(s1, s2, o1, o2, t) \
t = s1 - s2;\
o1 = s1 + s2;\
o2 = t;\
/** This is a reflection a,b = 1/2, 5/4 for the inverse slant transform */
#define IVI_IREFLECT(s1, s2, o1, o2, t) \
t = ((s1 + s2*2 + 2) >> 2) + s1;\
o2 = ((s1*2 - s2 + 2) >> 2) - s2;\
o1 = t;\
/** This is a reflection a,b = 1/2, 7/8 for the inverse slant transform */
#define IVI_SLANT_PART4(s1, s2, o1, o2, t) \
t = s2 + ((s1*4 - s2 + 4) >> 3);\
o2 = s1 + ((-s1 - s2*4 + 4) >> 3);\
o1 = t;\
/** inverse slant8 transform */
#define IVI_INV_SLANT8(s1, s4, s8, s5, s2, s6, s3, s7,\
d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8,\
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8) {\
IVI_SLANT_PART4(s4, s5, t4, t5, t0);\
\
IVI_SLANT_BFLY(s1, t5, t1, t5, t0); IVI_SLANT_BFLY(s2, s6, t2, t6, t0);\
IVI_SLANT_BFLY(s7, s3, t7, t3, t0); IVI_SLANT_BFLY(t4, s8, t4, t8, t0);\
\
IVI_SLANT_BFLY(t1, t2, t1, t2, t0); IVI_IREFLECT (t4, t3, t4, t3, t0);\
IVI_SLANT_BFLY(t5, t6, t5, t6, t0); IVI_IREFLECT (t8, t7, t8, t7, t0);\
IVI_SLANT_BFLY(t1, t4, t1, t4, t0); IVI_SLANT_BFLY(t2, t3, t2, t3, t0);\
IVI_SLANT_BFLY(t5, t8, t5, t8, t0); IVI_SLANT_BFLY(t6, t7, t6, t7, t0);\
d1 = COMPENSATE(t1);\
d2 = COMPENSATE(t2);\
d3 = COMPENSATE(t3);\
d4 = COMPENSATE(t4);\
d5 = COMPENSATE(t5);\
d6 = COMPENSATE(t6);\
d7 = COMPENSATE(t7);\
d8 = COMPENSATE(t8);}
/** inverse slant4 transform */
#define IVI_INV_SLANT4(s1, s4, s2, s3, d1, d2, d3, d4, t0, t1, t2, t3, t4) {\
IVI_SLANT_BFLY(s1, s2, t1, t2, t0); IVI_IREFLECT (s4, s3, t4, t3, t0);\
\
IVI_SLANT_BFLY(t1, t4, t1, t4, t0); IVI_SLANT_BFLY(t2, t3, t2, t3, t0);\
d1 = COMPENSATE(t1);\
d2 = COMPENSATE(t2);\
d3 = COMPENSATE(t3);\
d4 = COMPENSATE(t4);}
void ff_ivi_inverse_slant_8x8(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch, const uint8_t *flags)
{
int i;
const int32_t *src;
int32_t *dst;
int tmp[64];
int t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
#define COMPENSATE(x) (x)
src = in;
dst = tmp;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
if (flags[i]) {
IVI_INV_SLANT8(src[0], src[8], src[16], src[24], src[32], src[40], src[48], src[56],
dst[0], dst[8], dst[16], dst[24], dst[32], dst[40], dst[48], dst[56],
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8);
} else
dst[0] = dst[8] = dst[16] = dst[24] = dst[32] = dst[40] = dst[48] = dst[56] = 0;
src++;
dst++;
}
#undef COMPENSATE
#define COMPENSATE(x) ((x + 1)>>1)
src = tmp;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
if (!src[0] && !src[1] && !src[2] && !src[3] && !src[4] && !src[5] && !src[6] && !src[7]) {
memset(out, 0, 8*sizeof(out[0]));
} else {
IVI_INV_SLANT8(src[0], src[1], src[2], src[3], src[4], src[5], src[6], src[7],
out[0], out[1], out[2], out[3], out[4], out[5], out[6], out[7],
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8);
}
src += 8;
out += pitch;
}
#undef COMPENSATE
}
void ff_ivi_inverse_slant_4x4(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch, const uint8_t *flags)
{
int i;
const int32_t *src;
int32_t *dst;
int tmp[16];
int t0, t1, t2, t3, t4;
#define COMPENSATE(x) (x)
src = in;
dst = tmp;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if (flags[i]) {
IVI_INV_SLANT4(src[0], src[4], src[8], src[12],
dst[0], dst[4], dst[8], dst[12],
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4);
} else
dst[0] = dst[4] = dst[8] = dst[12] = 0;
src++;
dst++;
}
#undef COMPENSATE
#define COMPENSATE(x) ((x + 1)>>1)
src = tmp;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if (!src[0] && !src[1] && !src[2] && !src[3]) {
out[0] = out[1] = out[2] = out[3] = 0;
} else {
IVI_INV_SLANT4(src[0], src[1], src[2], src[3],
out[0], out[1], out[2], out[3],
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4);
}
src += 4;
out += pitch;
}
#undef COMPENSATE
}
void ff_ivi_dc_slant_2d(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch, int blk_size)
{
int x, y;
int16_t dc_coeff;
dc_coeff = (*in + 1) >> 1;
for (y = 0; y < blk_size; out += pitch, y++) {
for (x = 0; x < blk_size; x++)
out[x] = dc_coeff;
}
}
void ff_ivi_row_slant8(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch, const uint8_t *flags)
{
int i;
int t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
#define COMPENSATE(x) ((x + 1)>>1)
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
if (!in[0] && !in[1] && !in[2] && !in[3] && !in[4] && !in[5] && !in[6] && !in[7]) {
memset(out, 0, 8*sizeof(out[0]));
} else {
IVI_INV_SLANT8( in[0], in[1], in[2], in[3], in[4], in[5], in[6], in[7],
out[0], out[1], out[2], out[3], out[4], out[5], out[6], out[7],
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8);
}
in += 8;
out += pitch;
}
#undef COMPENSATE
}
void ff_ivi_dc_row_slant(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch, int blk_size)
{
int x, y;
int16_t dc_coeff;
dc_coeff = (*in + 1) >> 1;
for (x = 0; x < blk_size; x++)
out[x] = dc_coeff;
out += pitch;
for (y = 1; y < blk_size; out += pitch, y++) {
for (x = 0; x < blk_size; x++)
out[x] = 0;
}
}
void ff_ivi_col_slant8(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch, const uint8_t *flags)
{
int i, row2, row4, row8;
int t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
row2 = pitch << 1;
row4 = pitch << 2;
row8 = pitch << 3;
#define COMPENSATE(x) ((x + 1)>>1)
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
if (flags[i]) {
IVI_INV_SLANT8(in[0], in[8], in[16], in[24], in[32], in[40], in[48], in[56],
out[0], out[pitch], out[row2], out[row2 + pitch], out[row4],
out[row4 + pitch], out[row4 + row2], out[row8 - pitch],
t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8);
} else {
out[0] = out[pitch] = out[row2] = out[row2 + pitch] = out[row4] =
out[row4 + pitch] = out[row4 + row2] = out[row8 - pitch] = 0;
}
in++;
out++;
}
#undef COMPENSATE
}
void ff_ivi_dc_col_slant(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch, int blk_size)
{
int x, y;
int16_t dc_coeff;
dc_coeff = (*in + 1) >> 1;
for (y = 0; y < blk_size; out += pitch, y++) {
out[0] = dc_coeff;
for (x = 1; x < blk_size; x++)
out[x] = 0;
}
}
void ff_ivi_put_pixels_8x8(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch,
const uint8_t *flags)
{
int x, y;
for (y = 0; y < 8; out += pitch, in += 8, y++)
for (x = 0; x < 8; x++)
out[x] = in[x];
}
void ff_ivi_put_dc_pixel_8x8(const int32_t *in, int16_t *out, uint32_t pitch,
int blk_size)
{
int y;
out[0] = in[0];
memset(out + 1, 0, 7*sizeof(out[0]));
out += pitch;
for (y = 1; y < 8; out += pitch, y++)
memset(out, 0, 8*sizeof(out[0]));
}
#define IVI_MC_TEMPLATE(size, suffix, OP) \
void ff_ivi_mc_ ## size ##x## size ## suffix (int16_t *buf, const int16_t *ref_buf, \
uint32_t pitch, int mc_type) \
{ \
int i, j; \
const int16_t *wptr; \
\
switch (mc_type) { \
case 0: /* fullpel (no interpolation) */ \
for (i = 0; i < size; i++, buf += pitch, ref_buf += pitch) { \
for (j = 0; j < size; j++) {\
OP(buf[j], ref_buf[j]); \
} \
} \
break; \
case 1: /* horizontal halfpel interpolation */ \
for (i = 0; i < size; i++, buf += pitch, ref_buf += pitch) \
for (j = 0; j < size; j++) \
OP(buf[j], (ref_buf[j] + ref_buf[j+1]) >> 1); \
break; \
case 2: /* vertical halfpel interpolation */ \
wptr = ref_buf + pitch; \
for (i = 0; i < size; i++, buf += pitch, wptr += pitch, ref_buf += pitch) \
for (j = 0; j < size; j++) \
OP(buf[j], (ref_buf[j] + wptr[j]) >> 1); \
break; \
case 3: /* vertical and horizontal halfpel interpolation */ \
wptr = ref_buf + pitch; \
for (i = 0; i < size; i++, buf += pitch, wptr += pitch, ref_buf += pitch) \
for (j = 0; j < size; j++) \
OP(buf[j], (ref_buf[j] + ref_buf[j+1] + wptr[j] + wptr[j+1]) >> 2); \
break; \
} \
} \
#define OP_PUT(a, b) (a) = (b)
#define OP_ADD(a, b) (a) += (b)
IVI_MC_TEMPLATE(8, _no_delta, OP_PUT)
IVI_MC_TEMPLATE(8, _delta, OP_ADD)
IVI_MC_TEMPLATE(4, _no_delta, OP_PUT)
IVI_MC_TEMPLATE(4, _delta, OP_ADD)