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zh-CN: translate cargo (#870)

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* zh-CN: translate cargo

Part of #324.

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Abner Chou <zhcjtht@hotmail.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Abner Chou <zhcjtht@hotmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
Martin Geisler
2023-06-28 11:01:28 +02:00
committed by GitHub
parent 03b1c0d06b
commit fe40ef54e5
1 changed files with 160 additions and 10 deletions
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@ -1582,7 +1582,7 @@ msgstr ""
#: src/cargo.md:1 #: src/cargo.md:1
msgid "# Using Cargo" msgid "# Using Cargo"
msgstr "" msgstr "# 使用 Cargo"
#: src/cargo.md:3 #: src/cargo.md:3
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1594,14 +1594,19 @@ msgid ""
"ecosystem\n" "ecosystem\n"
"and how it fits into this training." "and how it fits into this training."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"开始了解 Rust 后，你很快就会遇到 [Cargo](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/)，"
"这是 Rust 生态系统中\n"
"用于构建和运行 Rust 应用的标准工具。在这里，我们希望\n"
"简要介绍一下什么是 Cargo，它如何融入更广泛的生态系统，\n"
"以及我们如何在本培训中合理利用 Cargo。"
#: src/cargo.md:8 #: src/cargo.md:8
msgid "## Installation" msgid "## Installation"
msgstr "" msgstr "## 安装"
#: src/cargo.md:10 #: src/cargo.md:10
msgid "### Rustup (Recommended)" msgid "### Rustup (Recommended)"
msgstr "" msgstr "### Rustup（推荐）"
#: src/cargo.md:12 #: src/cargo.md:12
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1609,6 +1614,8 @@ msgid ""
"other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup][3] tool, which is " "other standard ecosystem tools with the [rustup][3] tool, which is "
"maintained by the Rust Foundation." "maintained by the Rust Foundation."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"你可以按照说明，使用由 Rust 基金会维护的 [rustup][3] 工具安装 cargo 和 rust "
"编译器，以及其他标准的生态系统工具。"
#: src/cargo.md:14 #: src/cargo.md:14
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1616,20 +1623,24 @@ msgid ""
"utility that you can use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross " "utility that you can use to install/switch toolchains, setup cross "
"compilation, etc." "compilation, etc."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"Rustup 将与 cargo 和 rustc 一起安装为命令行实用程序，你可以用它来安装/切换工"
"具链、设置交叉编译等。"
#: src/cargo.md:16 #: src/cargo.md:16
msgid "### Package Managers" msgid "### Package Managers"
msgstr "" msgstr "### 软件包管理系统"
#: src/cargo.md:18 #: src/cargo.md:18
msgid "#### Debian" msgid "#### Debian"
msgstr "" msgstr "#### Debian"
#: src/cargo.md:20 #: src/cargo.md:20
msgid "" msgid ""
"On Debian/Ubuntu, you can install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust " "On Debian/Ubuntu, you can install Cargo, the Rust source and the [Rust "
"formatter][6] with" "formatter][6] with"
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"在 Debian/Ubuntu 上，你可以通过以下方式安装 Cargo、Rust 源代码和 [Rust 格式设"
"置工具][6]："
#: src/cargo.md:22 #: src/cargo.md:22
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1637,6 +1648,9 @@ msgid ""
"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n" "$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
"```" "```"
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"```shell\n"
"$ sudo apt install cargo rust-src rustfmt\n"
"```"
#: src/cargo.md:26 #: src/cargo.md:26
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1644,6 +1658,8 @@ msgid ""
"using\n" "using\n"
"[VS Code][2] to edit the code (but any LSP compatible editor works)." "[VS Code][2] to edit the code (but any LSP compatible editor works)."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"这将允许 [rust-analyzer][1] 跳到定义。我们建议使用\n"
"[VS Code][2] 来编写代码（也可使用任何兼容 LSP 的编辑器）。"
#: src/cargo.md:29 #: src/cargo.md:29
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1652,15 +1668,18 @@ msgid ""
"install the [Rust Plugin][5]. Please take note that as of January 2023 " "install the [Rust Plugin][5]. Please take note that as of January 2023 "
"debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite." "debugging only works on the CLion version of the JetBrains IDEA suite."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"有些人还喜欢使用 [JetBrains][4] IDE 系列自行分析，但会根据自身情况加以权衡。"
"如果你想使用这些工具，可以安装 [Rust 插件][5]。请注意，自 2023 年 1 月起，调"
"试仅适用于 CLion 版本的 JetBrains IDEA 套件。"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1 #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:1
msgid "# The Rust Ecosystem" msgid "# The Rust Ecosystem"
msgstr "" msgstr "# Rust 生态系统"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3 #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:3
msgid "" msgid ""
"The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:" "The Rust ecosystem consists of a number of tools, of which the main ones are:"
msgstr "" msgstr "Rust 生态系统由许多工具组成，其中的主要工具包括："
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5 #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:5
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1682,6 +1701,19 @@ msgid ""
"`rustup`\n" "`rustup`\n"
" will let you switch between them as needed." " will let you switch between them as needed."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"* `rustc`：Rust 编译器，可将 `.rs` 文件转换为二进制文件和其他\n"
"中间格式。\n"
"\n"
"* `cargo`：Rust 依赖项管理器和构建工具。Cargo 知道如何\n"
"下载托管在 <https://crates.io> 上的依赖项，并在构建项目时将它们\n"
"传递给 `rustc`。Cargo 还附带一个内置的\n"
"测试运行程序，用于执行单元测试。\n"
"\n"
"* `rustup`：Rust 工具链安装程序和更新程序。发布新版本 Rust 时，此工具用于\n"
"安装并更新 `rustc` 和 `cargo`。\n"
"此外，`rustup` 还可以下载标准\n"
"库的文档。你可以同时安装多个版本的 Rust，并且 `rustup`\n"
"可让你根据需要在这些版本之间切换。"
#: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25 #: src/cargo/rust-ecosystem.md:21 src/hello-world.md:25
#: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10 #: src/hello-world/small-example.md:27 src/why-rust/runtime.md:10
@ -1732,10 +1764,43 @@ msgid ""
"[cargo clippy]).\n" "[cargo clippy]).\n"
" * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]" " * Read more from the [official Cargo Book]"
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"* Rust 有一个快速发布时间表，每六周就会发布一次\n"
"新版本。新版本保持与\n"
"旧版本的向后兼容性，还添加了新功能。\n"
"\n"
"* 共有三个发布阶段：“稳定版”“Beta 版”和“夜间版”。\n"
"\n"
"* 我们会在“夜间版”上测试新功能，每六周将“Beta 版”升级为\n"
"“稳定版”。\n"
"\n"
"* Rust 也有三个[版本]：当前版本是 Rust 2021。之前的\n"
"版本是 Rust 2015 和 Rust 2018。\n"
"\n"
" * 这些版本支持对语言进行向后不兼容的\n"
"更改。\n"
"\n"
" * 为防止破坏代码，你可以自行选择版本：\n"
"通过 `Cargo.toml` 文件为 crate 选择合适的版本。\n"
"\n"
" * 为免分割生态系统，Rust 编译器可以混合使用\n"
"为不同版本编写的代码。\n"
"\n"
" * 提及不通过 `cargo` 而直接使用编译器的情况相当少见（大多数用户从不这样"
"做）。\n"
"\n"
" * 值得注意的是，Cargo 本身就是一个功能强大且全面的工具。它能够实现许多高级"
"功能，包括但不限于：\n"
" * 项目/软件包结构\n"
" * [工作区]\n"
" * 开发依赖项和运行时依赖项管理/缓存\n"
" * [构建脚本]\n"
" * [全局安装] ]\n"
" * 它还可以使用子命令插件（例如 [cargo clippy]）进行扩展。\n"
" * 如需了解详情，请参阅[ Cargo 官方图书]"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1 #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:1
msgid "# Code Samples in This Training" msgid "# Code Samples in This Training"
msgstr "" msgstr " # 本培训中的代码示例"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3 #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:3
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1745,6 +1810,9 @@ msgid ""
"and\n" "and\n"
"ensures a consistent experience for everyone." "ensures a consistent experience for everyone."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"在本培训中，我们将主要通过示例\n"
"探索 Rust 语言，这些示例可通过浏览器执行。这能大大简化设置过程，\n"
"并确保所有人都能获得一致的体验。"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7 #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:7
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1754,10 +1822,13 @@ msgid ""
"to\n" "to\n"
"work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo." "work with dependencies and for that you need Cargo."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"我们仍然建议你安装 Cargo：它有助于你更轻松地完成\n"
"练习。在最后一天，我们要做一个更大的练习，\n"
"向你展示如何使用依赖项，因此你需要安装 Cargo。"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11 #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:11
msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:" msgid "The code blocks in this course are fully interactive:"
msgstr "" msgstr "本课程中的代码块是完全交互式的："
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13 #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:13
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1767,6 +1838,11 @@ msgid ""
"}\n" "}\n"
"```" "```"
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"```rust,editable\n"
"fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
"}\n"
"```"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19 #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:19
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1774,12 +1850,16 @@ msgid ""
"the\n" "the\n"
"text box." "text box."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"当文本框为\n"
"焦点时，你可以使用 <kbd>Ctrl + Enter</kbd> 来执行代码。"
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24 #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:24
msgid "" msgid ""
"Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples\n" "Most code samples are editable like shown above. A few code samples\n"
"are not editable for various reasons:" "are not editable for various reasons:"
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"大多数代码示例都可修改（如上图所示）。少数代码示例\n"
"可能会因各种原因而不可修改："
#: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27 #: src/cargo/code-samples.md:27
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1791,10 +1871,17 @@ msgid ""
" solve the exercises using a local Rust installation or via the\n" " solve the exercises using a local Rust installation or via the\n"
" Playground." " Playground."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"* 嵌入式 Playground 无法执行单元测试。将代码复制并粘贴\n"
"到实际 Playground 中，以演示单元测试。\n"
"\n"
"* 嵌入式 Playground 会在你离开页面后立即\n"
"丢失其状态！正因如此，学员应\n"
"使用本地安装的 Rust 或通过\n"
"Playground 解题。"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1 #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:1
msgid "# Running Code Locally with Cargo" msgid "# Running Code Locally with Cargo"
msgstr "" msgstr "# 使用 Cargo 在本地运行代码"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3 #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:3
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1805,6 +1892,10 @@ msgid ""
"of\n" "of\n"
"writing, the latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:" "writing, the latest stable Rust release has these version numbers:"
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"如果你想在自己的系统上对代码进行实验，\n"
"则需要先安装 Rust。为此，请按照 [Rust 图书中的\n"
"说明][1]操作。这应会为你提供一个有效的 `rustc` 和 `cargo`。在撰写\n"
"本文时，最新的 Rust 稳定版具有以下版本号："
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8 #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:8
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1815,12 +1906,20 @@ msgid ""
"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n" "cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n"
"```" "```"
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"```shell\n"
"% rustc --version\n"
"rustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16)\n"
"% cargo --version\n"
"cargo 1.69.0 (6e9a83356 2023-04-12)\n"
"```"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15 #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:15
msgid "" msgid ""
"With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one\n" "With this in place, follow these steps to build a Rust binary from one\n"
"of the examples in this training:" "of the examples in this training:"
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"了解这些信息后，请按照以下步骤从本培训中的\n"
"一个示例中构建 Rust 二进制文件："
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:18 #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:18
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1879,6 +1978,54 @@ msgid ""
" run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing\n" " run `cargo` commands, it will automatically download and compile missing\n"
" dependencies for you." " dependencies for you."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"1. 在你要复制的示例上点击“复制到剪贴板”按钮。\n"
"\n"
"2. 使用 `cargo new exercise` 为你的代码新建一个 `exercise/` 目录：\n"
"\n"
" ```shell\n"
" $ cargo new exercise\n"
" Created binary (application) `exercise` package\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"3. 导航至 `exercise/` 并使用 `cargo run` 构建并运行你的二进制文件：\n"
"\n"
" ```shell\n"
" $ cd exercise\n"
" $ cargo run\n"
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.75s\n"
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
" Hello, world!\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"4. 将 `src/main.rs` 中的样板代码替换为你自己的代码。例如，\n"
"使用上一页中的示例，将 `src/main.rs` 改为：\n"
"\n"
" ```rust\n"
" fn main() {\n"
" println!(\"Edit me!\");\n"
" }\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"5. 使用 `cargo run` 构建并运行你更新后的二进制文件：\n"
"\n"
" ```shell\n"
" $ cargo run\n"
" Compiling exercise v0.1.0 (/home/mgeisler/tmp/exercise)\n"
" Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.24s\n"
" Running `target/debug/exercise`\n"
" Edit me!\n"
" ```\n"
"\n"
"6. 使用 `cargo check` 快速检查项目是否存在错误；使用 `cargo build`\n"
"只进行编译，而不运行。你可以在 `target/debug/`\n"
"中找到常规调试 build 的输出。使用 `cargo build --release` 在 `target/release/"
"` 中生成经过优化的\n"
"发布 build。\n"
"\n"
"7. 你可以通过修改 `Cargo.toml` 为项目添加依赖项。当你\n"
"运行 `cargo` 命令时，系统会自动为你下载和编译缺失\n"
"的依赖项。"
#: src/cargo/running-locally.md:70 #: src/cargo/running-locally.md:70
msgid "" msgid ""
@ -1886,6 +2033,9 @@ msgid ""
"local editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a\n" "local editor. It will make their life easier since they will have a\n"
"normal development environment." "normal development environment."
msgstr "" msgstr ""
"尽量鼓励全班学员安装 Cargo 并使用\n"
"本地编辑器。这能为他们营造常规\n"
"开发环境，让工作变得更加轻松。"
#: src/welcome-day-1.md:1 #: src/welcome-day-1.md:1
msgid "# Welcome to Day 1" msgid "# Welcome to Day 1"