chore: bump version

feat: add rc1.rs exercise

.all-contributorsrc

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
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-    "README.md"
+    "AUTHORS.md"
   ],
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   "commit": false,
@@ -1002,6 +1002,501 @@
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.clog.toml

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-[clog]
-
-repository = "https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings"
-changelog = "CHANGELOG.md"

.editorconfig

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ root = true
 
 [*.rs]
 end_of_line = lf
-insert_final_newfile = true
+insert_final_newline = true
 indent_style = space
 indent_size = 4

.github/workflows/rust.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+name: Rustlings Tests
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Build
+      run: cargo build --verbose
+    - name: Run tests
+      run: cargo test --verbose

.gitignore

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ target/
 *.pdb
 exercises/clippy/Cargo.toml
 exercises/clippy/Cargo.lock
+rust-project.json
 .idea
 .vscode
 *.iml
+*.o

.gitpod.yml

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ tasks:
 
 vscode:
   extensions:
-    - rust-lang.rust@0.7.8:CvNqMTgDdt3UXt+6BCDTVg==
+    - rust-lang.rust@0.7.8

AUTHORS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+## Authors
+
+This file lists the people that have contributed to this project.
+
+Excluded from this list are @carols10cents and @diannasoreil, the principal
+authors.
+
+<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
+<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
+<!-- markdownlint-disable -->
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://carol-nichols.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/193874?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Carol (Nichols &#124;&#124; Goulding)</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=carols10cents" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-carols10cents" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://twitter.com/QuietMisdreavus"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/5217170?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>QuietMisdreavus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=QuietMisdreavus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-QuietMisdreavus" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/robertlugg"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/6054540?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Robert M Lugg</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-robertlugg" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://hynek.me/about/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/41240?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hynek Schlawack</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=hynek" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://spacekookie.de"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/7669898?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Katharina Fey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=spacekookie" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/lukabavdaz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/9624558?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>lukabavdaz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=lukabavdaz" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-lukabavdaz" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://vestera.as"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/4187449?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Erik Vesteraas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=evestera" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Delet0r"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/23195618?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>delet0r</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Delet0r" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://phinary.ca"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10522375?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Shaun Bennett</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=shaunbennett" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/abagshaw"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/8594541?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Andrew Bagshaw</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=abagshaw" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://ai6ua.net/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/175578?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kyle Isom</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=kisom" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ColinPitrat"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1541863?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Colin Pitrat</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=ColinPitrat" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://zacanger.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/12520493?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zac Anger</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=zacanger" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mgeier"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/705404?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matthias Geier</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=mgeier" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/cjpearce"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3453268?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Chris Pearce</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=cjpearce" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://yvan-sraka.github.io"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/705213?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yvan Sraka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=yvan-sraka" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dendi239"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/16478650?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Denys Smirnov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=dendi239" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eddyp"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/123772?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>eddyp</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=eddyp" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://about.me/BrianKung"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2836167?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Brian Kung</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=briankung" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-briankung" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://rcousineau.gitlab.io"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/281039?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Russell</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=miller-time" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://danwilhelm.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/6137185?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dan Wilhelm</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=danwilhelm" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Jesse-Cameron"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3723654?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jesse</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Jesse-Cameron" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-Jesse-Cameron" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MrFroop"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/196700?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Fredrik Jambrén</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=MrFroop" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/petemcfarlane"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3472717?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pete McFarlane</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-petemcfarlane" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nkanderson"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4128825?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>nkanderson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nkanderson" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-nkanderson" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ajaxm"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13360138?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ajax M</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=ajaxm" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://dylnuge.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/118624?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dylan Nugent</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Dylnuge" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vyaslav"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1385427?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>vyaslav</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=vyaslav" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-vyaslav" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://join.sfxd.org"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/17297466?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>George</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=gdoenlen" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nyxtom"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/222763?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Thomas Holloway</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nyxtom" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-nyxtom" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/workingjubilee"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/46493976?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jubilee</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=workingjubilee" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/WofWca"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/39462442?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>WofWca</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=WofWca" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jrvidal"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1636604?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Roberto Vidal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jrvidal" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jrvidal" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#ideas-jrvidal" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#maintenance-jrvidal" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jensim"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3663856?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jens</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jensim" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://rahatah.me/d"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3174006?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rahat Ahmed</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=rahatarmanahmed" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AbdouSeck"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6490055?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Abdou Seck</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=AbdouSeck" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-AbdouSeck" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AAbdouSeck" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://codehearts.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/2885412?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Katie</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=codehearts" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Socratides"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/27732983?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Socrates</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Socratides" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gnodarse"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/46761795?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>gnodarse</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-gnodarse" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/harrisonmetz"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7883408?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Harrison Metzger</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=harrisonmetz" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/TorbenJ"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/9077102?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Torben Jonas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=TorbenJ" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-TorbenJ" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://paulbissex.com/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/641?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Paul Bissex</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=pbx" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sjmann"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/6589896?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Steven Mann</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sjmann" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-sjmann" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://smmdb.net/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/5855071?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mario Reder</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Tarnadas" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-Tarnadas" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://keybase.io/skim"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/47347?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>skim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sl4m" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sanjaykdragon"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10261698?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sanjay K</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sanjaykdragon" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-sanjaykdragon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.rohanjain.in"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/343499?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rohan Jain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=crodjer" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.saidaspen.se"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7727687?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Said Aspen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=saidaspen" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-saidaspen" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/uce"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1756620?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ufuk Celebi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=uce" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/lebedevsergey"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7325764?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>lebedevsergey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=lebedevsergey" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/avrong"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6342851?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Aleksei Trifonov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-avrong" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://drn.ie"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/411136?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Darren Meehan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Darrenmeehan" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jihchi"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/87983?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jihchi Lee</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jihchi" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bertonha"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1225902?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christofer Bertonha</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-bertonha" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/apatniv"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22565917?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vivek Bharath Akupatni</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=apatniv" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=apatniv" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/DiD92"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/6002416?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dídac Sementé Fernández</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=DiD92" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-DiD92" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/wrobstory"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/2601457?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rob Story</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=wrobstory" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/siobhanjacobson"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/28983835?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Siobhan Jacobson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=siobhanjacobson" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/evancarroll/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/19922?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Evan Carroll</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-EvanCarroll" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.jawaadmahmood.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/95606?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jawaad Mahmood</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jmahmood" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/GaurangTandon"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6308683?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Gaurang Tandon</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-GaurangTandon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dev-cyprium"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6002628?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stefan Kupresak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-dev-cyprium" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/greg-el"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/45019882?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Greg Leonard</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-greg-el" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://ryanpcmcquen.org"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/772937?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ryan McQuen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=ryanpcmcquen" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AnnikaCodes"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/56906084?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Annika</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AAnnikaCodes" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://darnuria.eu"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2827553?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Axel Viala</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=darnuria" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://sazid.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2370167?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mohammed Sazid Al Rashid</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-sazid" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sazid" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://codingthemsoftly.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/17479099?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Caleb Webber</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-seeplusplus" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/pcn"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1056756?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Peter N</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-pcn" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/seancad"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/47405611?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>seancad</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-seancad" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://willhayworth.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/181174?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Will Hayworth</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-wsh" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/chrizel"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/20802?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christian Zeller</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-chrizel" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jfchevrette"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3001?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jean-Francois Chevrette</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jfchevrette" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jfchevrette" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jbaber"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1908117?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>John Baber-Lucero</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jbaber" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tal-zvon"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3195851?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-tal-zvon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/apogeeoak"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/59737221?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>apogeeoak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-apogeeoak" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=apogeeoak" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.garfieldtech.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/254863?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Larry Garfield</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Crell" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/circumspect"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40770208?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>circumspect</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-circumspect" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/cjwyett"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34195737?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Cyrus Wyett</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-cjwyett" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/cadolphs"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13894820?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>cadolphs</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=cadolphs" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.haveneer.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26146722?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pascal H.</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-hpwxf" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://twitter.com/chapeupreto"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/834048?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rod Elias</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-chapeupreto" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/blerchy"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2555355?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matt Lebl</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=blerchy" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://flakolefluk.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11986564?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ignacio Le Fluk</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-flakolefluk" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tlyu"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/431873?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Taylor Yu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=tlyu" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-tlyu" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://zerotask.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20150243?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Patrick Hintermayer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Zerotask" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://petkopavlovski.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32264020?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pete Pavlovski</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-arthas168" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/k12ish"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/45272873?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>k12ish</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-k12ish" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hongshaoyang"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/19281800?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Shao Yang Hong</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-hongshaoyang" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bmacer"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13931806?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Brandon Macer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-bmacer" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/stoiandan"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10388612?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stoian Dan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-stoiandan" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://about.me/pjdelport"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/630271?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pi Delport</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-PiDelport" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sateeshkumarb"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/429263?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sateesh </b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sateeshkumarb" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-sateeshkumarb" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kayuapi"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10304328?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ZC</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-kayuapi" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hyperparabolic"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12348474?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>hyperparabolic</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=hyperparabolic" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.net4visions.at"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5228369?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>arlecchino</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=kolbma" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://richthofen.io/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7576730?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Richthofen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jazzplato" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/cseltol"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/64264529?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ivan Nerazumov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=cseltol" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/lauralindzey"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65185744?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>lauralindzey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=lauralindzey" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sinharaksh1t"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/28585848?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rakshit Sinha</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-sinharaksh1t" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dbednar230"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/54457902?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Damian</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-dbednar230" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://benarmstead.co.uk"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/70973680?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ben Armstead</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=benarmstead" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/anuk909"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34924662?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>anuk909</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-anuk909" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=anuk909" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://granddaifuku.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/49578068?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>granddaifuku</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-granddaifuku" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://weilet.me"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32561597?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Weilet</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Weilet" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Millione"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38575932?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>LIU JIE</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Millione" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/abusch"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/506344?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Antoine Büsch</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=abusch" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://frogtd.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31412003?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>frogtd</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-frogtd" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/EmisonLu"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/54395432?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zhenghao Lu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-EmisonLu" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://soundtrackyourbrand.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/762956?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Fredrik Enestad</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-fredr" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://xuesong.pydevops.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/18476085?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>xuesong</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-xuesongbj" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MpdWalsh"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/48160144?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Michael Walsh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=MpdWalsh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/alirezaghey"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26653424?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>alirezaghey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-alirezaghey" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/frvannes16"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3188475?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Franklin van Nes</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=frvannes16" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://nekonako.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46141275?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>nekonako</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nekonako" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tan-zx"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/67887489?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ZX</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-tan-zx" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sundevilyang"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1499214?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yang Wen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-sundevilyang" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://brandon-high.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/759848?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Brandon High</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=highb" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/x-hgg-x"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39058530?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>x-hgg-x</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=x-hgg-x" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://kisaragieffective.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/48310258?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kisaragi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=KisaragiEffective" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Kallu-A"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/73198738?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Lucas Aries</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Kallu-A" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ragreenburg"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24358100?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ragreenburg</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-ragreenburg" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/stevenfukase"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66785624?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>stevenfukase</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-stevenfukase" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/J-S-Kim"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17569303?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>J-S-Kim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-J-S-Kim" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Fointard"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9333398?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Fointard</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Fointard" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/rytheo"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22184325?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ryan Lowe</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=rytheo" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.dashen.tech"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/15921519?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>cui fliter</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-cuishuang" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/luskwater"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42529?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ron Lusk</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-luskwater" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://liby.github.io/liby/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38807139?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bryan Lee</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-liby" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://nandaja.space"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2624550?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Nandaja Varma</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nandajavarma" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/merelymyself"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/88221256?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>pwygab</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=merelymyself" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://linkedin.com/in/lucasgrvarela"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37870368?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Lucas Grigolon Varela</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-lucasgrvarela" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bufo24"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32884105?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bufo</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-bufo24" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://rustnote.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/77730378?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jack Clayton</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jackos" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/klkl0808"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24694249?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Konstantin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-klkl0808" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/0pling"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/104090344?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>0pling</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-0pling" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/KatanaFluorescent"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60199077?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>KatanaFluorescent</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=KatanaFluorescent" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Drew-Morris"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/95818166?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Drew Morris</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Drew-Morris" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/camperdue42"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43047763?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>camperdue42</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-camperdue42" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/YsuOS"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30138661?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>YsuOS</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-YsuOS" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://lichess.org/@/StevenEmily"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/58114641?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Steven Nguyen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-icecream17" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://noahcairns.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/94420090?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>nacairns1</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-nacairns1" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/pgjbz"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22059237?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Paulo Gabriel Justino Bezerra</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-pgjbz" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jaystile"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46078028?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jason</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jaystile" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://exdx.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31546601?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>exdx</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-exdx" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Jzow"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/68860495?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>James Zow</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Jzow" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://jamesabromley.wordpress.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2474334?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>James Bromley</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jayber" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/swhiteCQC"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/77438466?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>swhiteCQC</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-swhiteCQC" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/neilpate"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7802334?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Neil Pate</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-neilpate" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://wojexe.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21208490?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>wojexe</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-wojexe" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Tostapunk"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25140297?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mattia Schiavon</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Tostapunk" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://toucantoco.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/18406791?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Eric Jolibois</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-PrettyWood" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://edwinchang.vercel.app"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/88263098?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Edwin Chang</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-EdwinChang24" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://saikat.dev/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7412443?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Saikat Das</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-saikatdas0790" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/thatlittleboy"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30731072?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jeremy Goh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-thatlittleboy" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Lioness100"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65814829?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Lioness100</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Lioness100" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tvkn"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79277926?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tristan Nicholls</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-tvkn" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://clairewang.net"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9344258?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Claire</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-clairew" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Mouwrice"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/56763273?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Maurice Van Wassenhove</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Mouwrice" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://jmthree.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/77524?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>John Mendelewski</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=johnmendel" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://fakhoury.xyz"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20828724?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Brian Fakhoury</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-brianfakhoury" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/markusboehme"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5074759?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Markus Boehme</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=markusboehme" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nico-vromans"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/48183857?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Nico Vromans</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-nico-vromans" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<!-- markdownlint-restore -->
+<!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
+
+<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:END -->
+
+This project follows the [all-contributors](https://github.com/all-contributors/all-contributors) specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,196 @@
+<a name="5.1.0"></a>
+## 5.1.0 (2022-08-16)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Added a new `rc1` exercise.
+- Added a new `cow1` exercise.
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **variables5**: Corrected reference to previous exercise
+- **functions4**: Fixed line number reference
+- **strings3**: Clarified comment wording
+- **traits4, traits5**: Fixed line number reference
+- **traits5**:
+  - Fixed typo in "parameter"
+  - Made exercise prefer a traits-based solution
+- **lifetimes2**: Improved hint
+- **threads3**: Fixed typo in hint
+- **box1**: Replaced `unimplemented!` with `todo!`
+- **errors5**: Provided an explanation for usage of `Box<dyn Error>`
+- **quiz2**: Fixed a typo
+- **macros**: Updated the macros book link
+- **options1**:
+  - Removed unused code
+  - Added more granular tests
+- Fixed some comment syntax shenanigans in info.toml
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Fixed a typo in .editorconfig
+- Fixed a typo in integration_tests.rs
+- Clarified manual installation instructions using `cargo install --path .`
+- Added a link to our Zulip in the readme file
+
+<a name="5.0.0"></a>
+## 5.0.0 (2022-07-16)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Hint comments in exercises now also include a reference to the
+  `hint` watch mode subcommand.
+- **intro1**: Added more hints to point the user to the source file.
+- **variables**: Switched variables3 and variables4.
+- Moved `vec` and `primitive_types` exercises before `move_semantics`.
+- Renamed `vec` to `vecs` to be more in line with the naming in general.
+- Split up the `collections` exercises in their own folders.
+- **vec2**: Added a second part of the function that provides an alternative,
+  immutable way of modifying vec values.
+- **enums3**: Added a hint.
+- Moved `strings` before `modules`.
+- Added a `strings3` exercise to teach modifying strings.
+- Added a `hashmaps3` exercise for some advanced usage of hashmaps.
+- Moved the original `quiz2` to be `strings4`, since it only tested strings
+  anyways.
+- Reworked `quiz2` into a new exercise that tests more chapters.
+- Renamed `option` to `options`.
+- **options1**: Rewrote parts of the exercise to remove the weird array
+  iteration stuff.
+- Moved `generics3` to be `quiz3`.
+- Moved box/arc exercises behind `iterators`.
+- **iterators4**: Added a test for factorials of zero.
+- Split `threads1` between two exercises, the first one focusing more on
+  `JoinHandle`s.
+- Added a `threads3` exercises that uses `std::sync::mpsc`.
+- Added a `clippy3` exercises with some more interesting checks.
+- **as_ref_mut**: Added a section that actually tests `AsMut`.
+- Added 3 new lifetimes exercises.
+- Added 3 new traits exercises.
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **variables2**: Made output messages more verbose.
+- **variables5**: Added a nudging hint about shadowing.
+- **variables6**: Fixed link to book.
+- **functions**: Clarified the README wording. Generally cleaned up
+  some hints and added some extra comments.
+- **if2**: Renamed function name to `foo_if_fizz`.
+- **move_semantics**: Clarified some hints.
+- **quiz1**: Renamed the function name to be more verbose.
+- **structs1**: Use an integer type instead of strings. Renamed "unit structs"
+  to "unit-like structs", as is used in the book.
+- **structs3**: Added the `panic!` statement in from the beginning.
+- **errors1**: Use `is_empty()` instead of `len() > 0`
+- **errors3**: Improved the hint.
+- **errors5**: Improved exercise instructions and the hint.
+- **errors6**: Provided the skeleton of one of the functions that's supposed
+  to be implemented.
+- **iterators3**: Inserted `todo!` into `divide()` to keep a compiler error
+  from happening.
+- **from_str**: Added a hint comment about string error message conversion with
+  `Box<dyn Error>`.
+- **try_from_into**: Fixed the function name in comment.
+  
+#### Removed
+
+- Removed the legacy LSP feature that was using `mod.rs` files.
+- Removed `quiz4`.
+- Removed `advanced_errs`. These were the last exercises in the recommended
+  order, and I've always felt like they didn't quite fit in with the mostly
+  simple, book-following style we've had in Rustlings.
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Added missing exercises to the book index.
+- Updated spacing in Cargo.toml.
+- Added a GitHub actions config so that tests run on every PR/commit.
+
+<a name="4.8.0"></a>
+## 4.8.0 (2022-07-01)
+
+#### Features
+
+- Added a progress indicator for `rustlings watch`.
+- The installation script now checks for Rustup being installed.
+- Added a `rustlings lsp` command to enable `rust-analyzer`.
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **move_semantics5**: Replaced "in vogue" with "in scope" in hint.
+- **if2**: Fixed a typo in the hint.
+- **variables1**: Fixed an incorrect line reference in the hint.
+- Fixed an out of bounds check in the installation Bash script.
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- Replaced the git.io URL with the fully qualified URL because of git.io's sunsetting.
+- Removed the deprecated Rust GitPod extension.
+
+<a name="4.7.1"></a>
+## 4.7.1 (2022-04-20)
+
+#### Features
+
+- The amount of dependency crates that need to be compiled went down from ~65 to
+  ~45 by bumping dependency versions.
+- The minimum Rust version in the install scripts has been bumped to 1.56.0 (this isn't in
+  the release itself, since install scripts don't really get versioned)
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+- **arc1**: A small part has been rewritten using a more functional code style (#968).
+- **using_as**: A small part has been refactored to use `sum` instead of `fold`, resulting
+  in better readability.
+
+#### Housekeeping
+
+- The changelog will now be manually written instead of being automatically generated by the
+  Git log.
+
+<a name="4.7.0"></a>
+## 4.7.0 (2022-04-14)
+
+
+#### Features
+
+*   Add move_semantics6.rs exercise (#908) ([3f0e1303](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/3f0e1303e0b3bf3fecc0baced3c8b8a37f83c184))
+* **intro:**  Add intro section. ([21c9f441](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/21c9f44168394e08338fd470b5f49b1fd235986f))
+* Include exercises folder in the project structure behind a feature, enabling rust-analyzer to work (#917) ([179a75a6](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/179a75a68d03ac9518dec2297fb17f91a4fc506b))
+
+#### Bug Fixes
+
+* Fix a few spelling mistakes ([1c0fe3cb](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1c0fe3cbcca85f90b3985985b8e265ee872a2ab2))
+* **cli:**
+  * Move long text strings into constants. ([f78c4802](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f78c48020830d7900dd8d81f355606581670446d))
+  * Replace `filter_map()` with `find_map()` ([9b27e8d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9b27e8d993ca20232fe38a412750c3f845a83b65))
+* **clippy1:**
+  *  Set clippy::float_cmp lint to deny (#907) ([71a06044](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/71a06044e6a96ff756dc31d7b0ed665ae4badb57))
+  *  Updated code to test correctness clippy lint with approx_constant lint rule ([f2650de3](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/f2650de369810867d2763e935ac0963c32ec420e))
+* **errors1:**
+  * Add a comment to make the purpose more clear (#486) ([cbcde345](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/cbcde345409c3e550112e449242848eaa3391bb6))
+  * Don't modify tests (#958) ([60bb7cc](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/60bb7cc3931d21d3986ad52b2b302e632a93831c))
+* **errors6:** Remove existing answer code ([43d0623](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/43d0623086edbc46fe896ba59c7afa22c3da9f7a))
+* **functions5:**  Remove wrong new line and small English improvements (#885) ([8ef4869b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/8ef4869b264094e5a9b50452b4534823a9df19c3))
+* **install:**  protect path with whitespaces using quotes and stop at the first error ([d114847f](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d114847f256c5f571c0b4c87e04b04bce3435509))
+* **intro1:**  Add compiler error explanation. ([9b8de655](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/9b8de65525a5576b78cf0c8e4098cdd34296338f))
+* **iterators1:**  reorder TODO steps ([0bd7a063](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/0bd7a0631a17a9d69af5746795a30efc9cf64e6e))
+* **move_semantics2:**  Add comment ([89650f80](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/89650f808af23a32c9a2c6d46592b77547a6a464))
+* **move_semantics5:**  correct typo (#857) ([46c28d5c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/46c28d5cef3d8446b5a356b19d8dbc725f91a3a0))
+* **quiz1:**  update to say quiz covers "If" ([1622e8c1](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1622e8c198d89739765c915203efff0091bdeb78))
+* **structs3:**
+  * Add a hint for panic (#608) ([4f7ff5d9](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/4f7ff5d9c7b2d8b045194c1a9469d37e30257c4a))
+  * remove redundant 'return' (#852) ([bf33829d](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bf33829da240375d086f96267fc2e02fa6b07001))
+  * Assigned value to `cents_per_gram` in test ([d1ee2da](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d1ee2daf14f19105e6db3f9c610f44293d688532))
+* **structs3.rs:**  assigned value to cents_per_gram in test ([d1ee2daf](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/d1ee2daf14f19105e6db3f9c610f44293d688532))
+* **traits1:**  rename test functions to snake case (#854) ([1663a16e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/1663a16eade6ca646b6ed061735f7982434d530d))
+
+#### Documentation improvements
+
+* Add hints on how to get GCC installed (#741) ([bc56861](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/bc5686174463ad6f4f6b824b0e9b97c3039d4886))
+* Fix some code blocks that were not highlighted ([17f9d74](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/17f9d7429ccd133a72e815fb5618e0ce79560929))
+
+
 <a name="4.6.0"></a>
 ## 4.6.0 (2021-09-25)
 
@@ -221,7 +414,7 @@
 #### Features
 
 *   add Option2 exercise (#290) ([86b5c08b](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/86b5c08b9bea1576127a7c5f599f5752072c087d))
-*   add excercise for option (#282) ([135e5d47](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/135e5d47a7c395aece6f6022117fb20c82f2d3d4))
+*   add exercise for option (#282) ([135e5d47](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/135e5d47a7c395aece6f6022117fb20c82f2d3d4))
 *   add new exercises for generics (#280) ([76be5e4e](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/76be5e4e991160f5fd9093f03ee2ba260e8f7229))
 * **ci:**  add buildkite config ([b049fa2c](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commit/b049fa2c84dba0f0c8906ac44e28fd45fba51a71))
 

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ _implement a new feature! ➡️ [open an Issue to discuss it first, then a Pull
 
 `rustlings` is basically a glorified `rustc` wrapper. Therefore the source code
 isn't really that complicated since the bulk of the work is done by `rustc`.
-`src/main.rs` contains a simple `clap` CLI that loads from `src/verify.rs` and `src/run.rs`.
+`src/main.rs` contains a simple `argh` CLI that connects to most of the other source files.
 
 <a name="addex"></a>
 ### Adding an exercise
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ isn't really that complicated since the bulk of the work is done by `rustc`.
 The first step is to add the exercise! Name the file `exercises/yourTopic/yourTopicN.rs`, make sure to
 put in some helpful links, and link to sections of the book in `exercises/yourTopic/README.md`.
 
-Next make sure it runs with `rustlings`. The exercise metadata is stored in `info.toml`, under the `exercises` array. The order of the `exercises` array determines the order the exercises are run by `rustlings verify`.
+Next make sure it runs with `rustlings`. The exercise metadata is stored in `info.toml`, under the `exercises` array. The order of the `exercises` array determines the order the exercises are run by `rustlings verify` and `rustlings watch`.
 
 Add the metadata for your exercise in the correct order in the `exercises` array. If you are unsure of the correct ordering, add it at the bottom and ask in your pull request. The exercise metadata should contain the following:
 ```diff
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Add the metadata for your exercise in the correct order in the `exercises` array
   ...
 ```
 
-The `mode` attribute decides whether Rustlings will only compile your exercise, or compile and test it. If you have tests to verify in your exercise, choose `test`, otherwise `compile`.
+The `mode` attribute decides whether Rustlings will only compile your exercise, or compile and test it. If you have tests to verify in your exercise, choose `test`, otherwise `compile`. If you're working on a Clippy exercise, use `mode = "clippy"`.
 
 That's all! Feel free to put up a pull request.
 
@@ -67,19 +67,19 @@ changes. There's a couple of things to watch out for:
 #### Write correct commit messages
 
 We follow the [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0-beta.4/)
-specification, because it makes it easier to generate changelogs automatically.
+specification.
 This means that you have to format your commit messages in a specific way. Say
 you're working on adding a new exercise called `foobar1.rs`. You could write
 the following commit message:
 
 ```
-feat: Add foobar1.rs exercise
+feat: add foobar1.rs exercise
 ```
 
 If you're just fixing a bug, please use the `fix` type:
 
 ```
-fix(verify): Make sure verify doesn't self-destruct
+fix(verify): make sure verify doesn't self-destruct
 ```
 
 The scope within the brackets is optional, but should be any of these:
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ When the commit also happens to close an existing issue, link it in the message
 body:
 
 ```
-fix: Update foobar
+fix: update foobar
 
 closes #101029908
 ```
@@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ closes #101029908
 If you're doing simple changes, like updating a book link, use `chore`:
 
 ```
-chore: Update exercise1.rs book link
+chore: update exercise1.rs book link
 ```
 
 If you're updating documentation, use `docs`:
 
 ```
-docs: Add more information to Readme
+docs: add more information to Readme
 ```
 
 If, and only if, you're absolutely sure you want to make a breaking change
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ If, and only if, you're absolutely sure you want to make a breaking change
 explain the breaking change in the message body:
 
 ```
-fix!: Completely change verification
+fix!: completely change verification
 
 BREAKING CHANGE: This has to be done because lorem ipsum dolor
 ```
@@ -126,6 +126,5 @@ BREAKING CHANGE: This has to be done because lorem ipsum dolor
 #### Pull Request Workflow
 
 Once you open a Pull Request, it may be reviewed or labeled (or both) until
-the maintainers accept your change. Then, [bors](https://github.com/bors) will
-run the test suite with your changes and if it's successful, automatically
-merge it in!
+the maintainers accept your change. Please be patient, it may take some time
+for this to happen!

Cargo.lock

@@ -52,17 +52,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "predicates-tree",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "atty"
-version = "0.2.14"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d9b39be18770d11421cdb1b9947a45dd3f37e93092cbf377614828a319d5fee8"
-dependencies = [
- "hermit-abi",
- "libc",
- "winapi 0.3.9",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.0.1"
@@ -87,45 +76,15 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "clicolors-control"
-version = "1.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "90082ee5dcdd64dc4e9e0d37fbf3ee325419e39c0092191e0393df65518f741e"
-dependencies = [
- "atty",
- "lazy_static",
- "libc",
- "winapi 0.3.9",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "console"
-version = "0.7.7"
+version = "0.15.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ca57c2c14b8a2bf3105bc9d15574aad80babf6a9c44b1058034cdf8bd169628"
-dependencies = [
- "atty",
- "clicolors-control",
- "encode_unicode",
- "lazy_static",
- "libc",
- "parking_lot",
- "regex",
- "termios",
- "unicode-width",
- "winapi 0.3.9",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "console"
-version = "0.14.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3993e6445baa160675931ec041a5e03ca84b9c6e32a056150d3aa2bdda0a1f45"
+checksum = "a28b32d32ca44b70c3e4acd7db1babf555fa026e385fb95f18028f88848b3c31"
 dependencies = [
  "encode_unicode",
- "lazy_static",
  "libc",
+ "once_cell",
  "regex",
  "terminal_size",
  "unicode-width",
@@ -228,24 +187,23 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.1.19"
+name = "home"
+version = "0.5.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "62b467343b94ba476dcb2500d242dadbb39557df889310ac77c5d99100aaac33"
+checksum = "2456aef2e6b6a9784192ae780c0f15bc57df0e918585282325e8c8ac27737654"
 dependencies = [
- "libc",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "indicatif"
-version = "0.10.3"
+version = "0.16.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "40ecd1e2ee08e6c255ce890f5a99d17000850e664e7acf119fb03b25b0575bfe"
+checksum = "2d207dc617c7a380ab07ff572a6e52fa202a2a8f355860ac9c38e23f8196be1b"
 dependencies = [
- "console 0.14.1",
+ "console",
  "lazy_static",
  "number_prefix",
- "parking_lot",
  "regex",
 ]
 
@@ -269,15 +227,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "instant"
-version = "0.1.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bee0328b1209d157ef001c94dd85b4f8f64139adb0eac2659f4b08382b2f474d"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "iovec"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -289,9 +238,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
-version = "0.4.8"
+version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b71991ff56294aa922b450139ee08b3bfc70982c6b2c7562771375cf73542dd4"
+checksum = "112c678d4050afce233f4f2852bb2eb519230b3cf12f33585275537d7e41578d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "kernel32-sys"
@@ -321,15 +270,6 @@ version = "0.2.100"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a1fa8cddc8fbbee11227ef194b5317ed014b8acbf15139bd716a18ad3fe99ec5"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "lock_api"
-version = "0.4.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0382880606dff6d15c9476c416d18690b72742aa7b605bb6dd6ec9030fbf07eb"
-dependencies = [
- "scopeguard",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
 version = "0.4.14"
@@ -434,37 +374,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "number_prefix"
-version = "0.2.8"
+version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dbf9993e59c894e3c08aa1c2712914e9e6bf1fcbfc6bef283e2183df345a4fee"
-dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
-]
+checksum = "830b246a0e5f20af87141b25c173cd1b609bd7779a4617d6ec582abaf90870f3"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "parking_lot"
-version = "0.11.1"
+name = "once_cell"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6d7744ac029df22dca6284efe4e898991d28e3085c706c972bcd7da4a27a15eb"
-dependencies = [
- "instant",
- "lock_api",
- "parking_lot_core",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "parking_lot_core"
-version = "0.8.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fa7a782938e745763fe6907fc6ba86946d72f49fe7e21de074e08128a99fb018"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
- "instant",
- "libc",
- "redox_syscall",
- "smallvec",
- "winapi 0.3.9",
-]
+checksum = "87f3e037eac156d1775da914196f0f37741a274155e34a0b7e427c35d2a2ecb9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "predicates"
@@ -524,9 +442,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.5.4"
+version = "1.5.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d07a8629359eb56f1e2fb1652bb04212c072a87ba68546a04065d525673ac461"
+checksum = "1a11647b6b25ff05a515cb92c365cec08801e83423a235b51e231e1808747286"
 dependencies = [
  "aho-corasick",
  "memchr",
@@ -541,17 +459,19 @@ checksum = "f497285884f3fcff424ffc933e56d7cbca511def0c9831a7f9b5f6153e3cc89b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustlings"
-version = "4.6.0"
+version = "5.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "argh",
  "assert_cmd",
- "console 0.7.7",
+ "console",
  "glob",
+ "home",
  "indicatif",
  "notify",
  "predicates",
  "regex",
  "serde",
+ "serde_json",
  "toml",
 ]
 
@@ -570,12 +490,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi-util",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "scopeguard"
-version = "1.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d29ab0c6d3fc0ee92fe66e2d99f700eab17a8d57d1c1d3b748380fb20baa78cd"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
 version = "1.0.129"
@@ -598,9 +512,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.66"
+version = "1.0.81"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "336b10da19a12ad094b59d870ebde26a45402e5b470add4b5fd03c5048a32127"
+checksum = "9b7ce2b32a1aed03c558dc61a5cd328f15aff2dbc17daad8fb8af04d2100e15c"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "ryu",
@@ -613,12 +527,6 @@ version = "0.4.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c307a32c1c5c437f38c7fd45d753050587732ba8628319fbdf12a7e289ccc590"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.6.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fe0f37c9e8f3c5a4a66ad655a93c74daac4ad00c441533bf5c6e7990bb42604e"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
 version = "1.0.75"
@@ -640,20 +548,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "termios"
-version = "0.3.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "411c5bf740737c7918b8b1fe232dca4dc9f8e754b8ad5e20966814001ed0ac6b"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "toml"
-version = "0.4.10"
+version = "0.5.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "758664fc71a3a69038656bee8b6be6477d2a6c315a6b81f7081f591bffa4111f"
+checksum = "8d82e1a7758622a465f8cee077614c73484dac5b836c02ff6a40d5d1010324d7"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 [package]
 name = "rustlings"
-version = "4.6.0"
-authors = ["anastasie <ana@ana.st>", "Carol (Nichols || Goulding) <carol.nichols@gmail.com>"]
-edition = "2018"
+version = "5.1.0"
+authors = ["Liv <mokou@fastmail.com>", "Carol (Nichols || Goulding) <carol.nichols@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
-argh = "0.1.4"
-indicatif = "0.10.3"
-console = "0.7.7"
-notify = "4.0.15"
-toml = "0.4.10"
-regex = "1.1.6"
-serde = {version = "1.0.10", features = ["derive"]}
+argh = "0.1"
+indicatif = "0.16"
+console = "0.15"
+notify = "4.0"
+toml = "0.5"
+regex = "1.5"
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0.81"
+home = "0.5.3"
+glob = "0.3.0"
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "rustlings"

README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
-[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-108-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
-<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:END -->
-
 # rustlings 🦀❤️
 
 Greetings and welcome to `rustlings`. This project contains small exercises to get you used to reading and writing Rust code. This includes reading and responding to compiler messages!
@@ -16,6 +12,7 @@ Alternatively, for a first-time Rust learner, there are several other resources:
 ## Getting Started
 
 _Note: If you're on MacOS, make sure you've installed Xcode and its developer tools by typing `xcode-select --install`._
+_Note: If you're on Linux, make sure you've installed gcc. Deb: `sudo apt install gcc`. Yum: `sudo yum -y install gcc`._
 
 You will need to have Rust installed. You can get it by visiting https://rustup.rs. This'll also install Cargo, Rust's package/project manager.
 
@@ -24,9 +21,9 @@ You will need to have Rust installed. You can get it by visiting https://rustup.
 Just run:
 
 ```bash
-curl -L https://git.io/install-rustlings | bash
+curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.sh | bash
 # Or if you want it to be installed to a different path:
-curl -L https://git.io/install-rustlings | bash -s mypath/
+curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.sh | bash -s mypath/
 ```
 
 This will install Rustlings and give you access to the `rustlings` command. Run it to get started!
@@ -35,38 +32,39 @@ This will install Rustlings and give you access to the `rustlings` command. Run
 
 In PowerShell (Run as Administrator), set `ExecutionPolicy` to `RemoteSigned`:
 
-```ps
+```ps1
 Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
 ```
 
 Then, you can run:
 
-```ps
-Start-BitsTransfer -Source https://git.io/JTL5v -Destination $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Unblock-File $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Invoke-Expression $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1
+```ps1
+Start-BitsTransfer -Source https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rust-lang/rustlings/main/install.ps1 -Destination $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Unblock-File $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Invoke-Expression $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1
 ```
 
 To install Rustlings. Same as on MacOS/Linux, you will have access to the `rustlings` command after it.
 
-When you get a permission denied message then you have to exclude the directory where you placed the rustlings in your virus-scanner
+If you get a permission denied message, you might have to exclude the directory where you cloned Rustlings in your antivirus.
 
-## Browser:
+## Browser
 
 [Run on Repl.it](https://repl.it/github/rust-lang/rustlings)
 
-[Open in Gitpod](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings)
+[![Open in Gitpod](https://gitpod.io/button/open-in-gitpod.svg)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings)
 
 ## Manually
 
-Basically: Clone the repository at the latest tag, run `cargo install`.
+Basically: Clone the repository at the latest tag, run `cargo install --path .`.
 
 ```bash
-# find out the latest version at https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/releases/latest (on edit 4.6.0)
-git clone -b 4.6.0 --depth 1 https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings
+# find out the latest version at https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/releases/latest (on edit 5.1.0)
+git clone -b 5.1.0 --depth 1 https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings
 cd rustlings
 cargo install --force --path .
 ```
 
 If there are installation errors, ensure that your toolchain is up to date. For the latest, run:
+
 ```bash
 rustup update
 ```
@@ -106,17 +104,18 @@ rustlings run next
 In case you get stuck, you can run the following command to get a hint for your
 exercise:
 
-``` bash
+```bash
 rustlings hint myExercise1
 ```
 
 You can also get the hint for the next unsolved exercise with the following command:
 
-``` bash
+```bash
 rustlings hint next
 ```
 
 To check your progress, you can run the following command:
+
 ```bash
 rustlings list
 ```
@@ -125,6 +124,10 @@ rustlings list
 
 After every couple of sections, there will be a quiz that'll test your knowledge on a bunch of sections at once. These quizzes are found in `exercises/quizN.rs`.
 
+## Enabling `rust-analyzer`
+
+Run the command `rustlings lsp` which will generate a `rust-project.json` at the root of the project, this allows [rust-analyzer](https://rust-analyzer.github.io/) to parse each exercise. 
+
 ## Continuing On
 
 Once you've completed Rustlings, put your new knowledge to good use! Continue practicing your Rust skills by building your own projects, contributing to Rustlings, or finding other open-source projects to contribute to.
@@ -134,190 +137,27 @@ Once you've completed Rustlings, put your new knowledge to good use! Continue pr
 If you want to remove Rustlings from your system, there's two steps. First, you'll need to remove the exercises folder that the install script created
 for you:
 
-``` bash
+```bash
 rm -rf rustlings # or your custom folder name, if you chose and or renamed it
 ```
 
 Second, since Rustlings got installed via `cargo install`, it's only reasonable to assume that you can also remove it using Cargo, and
 exactly that is the case. Run `cargo uninstall` to remove the `rustlings` binary:
 
-``` bash
+```bash
 cargo uninstall rustlings
 ```
 
 Now you should be done!
 
-## Completion
-
-Rustlings isn't done; there are a couple of sections that are very experimental and don't have proper documentation. These include:
-
-- Errors (`exercises/errors/`)
-- Option (`exercises/option/`)
-- Result (`exercises/result/`)
-- Move Semantics (could still be improved, `exercises/move_semantics/`)
-
-Additionally, we could use exercises on a couple of topics:
-
-- Structs
-- Better ownership stuff
-- `impl`
-- ??? probably more
-
-If you are interested in improving or adding new ones, please feel free to contribute! Read on for more information :)
-
 ## Contributing
 
 See [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md).
 
+Development-focused discussion about Rustlings happens in the [**rustlings** stream](https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/334454-rustlings)
+on the [Rust Project Zulip](https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com). Feel free to start a new thread there
+if you have ideas or suggestions!
+
 ## Contributors ✨
 
-Thanks goes to these wonderful people ([emoji key](https://allcontributors.org/docs/en/emoji-key)):
-
-<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
-<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
-<!-- markdownlint-disable -->
-<table>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://carol-nichols.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/193874?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Carol (Nichols &#124;&#124; Goulding)</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=carols10cents" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-carols10cents" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://twitter.com/QuietMisdreavus"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/5217170?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>QuietMisdreavus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=QuietMisdreavus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-QuietMisdreavus" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/robertlugg"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/6054540?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Robert M Lugg</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-robertlugg" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://hynek.me/about/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/41240?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hynek Schlawack</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=hynek" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://spacekookie.de"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/7669898?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Katharina Fey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=spacekookie" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/lukabavdaz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/9624558?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>lukabavdaz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=lukabavdaz" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-lukabavdaz" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://vestera.as"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/4187449?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Erik Vesteraas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=evestera" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Delet0r"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/23195618?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>delet0r</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Delet0r" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://phinary.ca"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10522375?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Shaun Bennett</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=shaunbennett" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/abagshaw"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/8594541?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Andrew Bagshaw</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=abagshaw" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://ai6ua.net/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/175578?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kyle Isom</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=kisom" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ColinPitrat"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1541863?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Colin Pitrat</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=ColinPitrat" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://zacanger.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/12520493?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zac Anger</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=zacanger" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mgeier"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/705404?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matthias Geier</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=mgeier" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/cjpearce"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3453268?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Chris Pearce</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=cjpearce" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://yvan-sraka.github.io"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/705213?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yvan Sraka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=yvan-sraka" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dendi239"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/16478650?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Denys Smirnov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=dendi239" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eddyp"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/123772?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>eddyp</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=eddyp" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://about.me/BrianKung"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2836167?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Brian Kung</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=briankung" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-briankung" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://rcousineau.gitlab.io"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/281039?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Russell</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=miller-time" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://danwilhelm.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/6137185?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dan Wilhelm</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=danwilhelm" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Jesse-Cameron"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3723654?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jesse</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Jesse-Cameron" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-Jesse-Cameron" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MrFroop"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/196700?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Fredrik Jambrén</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=MrFroop" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/petemcfarlane"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3472717?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pete McFarlane</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-petemcfarlane" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nkanderson"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4128825?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>nkanderson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nkanderson" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-nkanderson" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ajaxm"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13360138?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ajax M</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=ajaxm" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://dylnuge.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/118624?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dylan Nugent</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Dylnuge" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vyaslav"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1385427?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>vyaslav</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=vyaslav" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-vyaslav" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://join.sfxd.org"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/17297466?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>George</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=gdoenlen" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nyxtom"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/222763?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Thomas Holloway</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=nyxtom" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-nyxtom" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/workingjubilee"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/46493976?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jubilee</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=workingjubilee" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/WofWca"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/39462442?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>WofWca</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=WofWca" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jrvidal"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1636604?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Roberto Vidal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jrvidal" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jrvidal" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#ideas-jrvidal" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#maintenance-jrvidal" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jensim"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3663856?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jens</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jensim" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://rahatah.me/d"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3174006?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rahat Ahmed</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=rahatarmanahmed" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AbdouSeck"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6490055?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Abdou Seck</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=AbdouSeck" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-AbdouSeck" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AAbdouSeck" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://codehearts.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/2885412?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Katie</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=codehearts" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Socratides"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/27732983?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Socrates</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Socratides" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gnodarse"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/46761795?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>gnodarse</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-gnodarse" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/harrisonmetz"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7883408?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Harrison Metzger</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=harrisonmetz" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/TorbenJ"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/9077102?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Torben Jonas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=TorbenJ" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-TorbenJ" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://paulbissex.com/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/641?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Paul Bissex</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=pbx" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sjmann"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/6589896?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Steven Mann</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sjmann" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-sjmann" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://smmdb.net/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/5855071?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mario Reder</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Tarnadas" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-Tarnadas" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://keybase.io/skim"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/47347?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>skim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sl4m" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sanjaykdragon"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10261698?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sanjay K</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sanjaykdragon" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-sanjaykdragon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.rohanjain.in"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/343499?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rohan Jain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=crodjer" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.saidaspen.se"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7727687?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Said Aspen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=saidaspen" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-saidaspen" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/uce"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1756620?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ufuk Celebi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=uce" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/lebedevsergey"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7325764?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>lebedevsergey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=lebedevsergey" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/avrong"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6342851?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Aleksei Trifonov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-avrong" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://drn.ie"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/411136?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Darren Meehan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Darrenmeehan" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jihchi"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/87983?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jihchi Lee</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jihchi" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bertonha"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1225902?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christofer Bertonha</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-bertonha" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/apatniv"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22565917?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vivek Bharath Akupatni</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=apatniv" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=apatniv" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/DiD92"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/6002416?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dídac Sementé Fernández</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=DiD92" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-DiD92" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/wrobstory"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/2601457?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rob Story</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=wrobstory" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/siobhanjacobson"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/28983835?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Siobhan Jacobson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=siobhanjacobson" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/evancarroll/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/19922?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Evan Carroll</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-EvanCarroll" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.jawaadmahmood.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/95606?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jawaad Mahmood</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jmahmood" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/GaurangTandon"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6308683?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Gaurang Tandon</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-GaurangTandon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dev-cyprium"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6002628?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stefan Kupresak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-dev-cyprium" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/greg-el"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/45019882?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Greg Leonard</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-greg-el" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://ryanpcmcquen.org"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/772937?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ryan McQuen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=ryanpcmcquen" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AnnikaCodes"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/56906084?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Annika</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AAnnikaCodes" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://darnuria.eu"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2827553?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Axel Viala</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=darnuria" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://sazid.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2370167?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mohammed Sazid Al Rashid</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-sazid" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sazid" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://codingthemsoftly.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/17479099?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Caleb Webber</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-seeplusplus" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/pcn"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1056756?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Peter N</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-pcn" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/seancad"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/47405611?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>seancad</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-seancad" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://willhayworth.com"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/181174?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Will Hayworth</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-wsh" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/chrizel"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/20802?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christian Zeller</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-chrizel" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jfchevrette"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3001?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jean-Francois Chevrette</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jfchevrette" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jfchevrette" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jbaber"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1908117?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>John Baber-Lucero</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-jbaber" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tal-zvon"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3195851?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-tal-zvon" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/apogeeoak"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/59737221?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>apogeeoak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-apogeeoak" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=apogeeoak" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.garfieldtech.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/254863?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Larry Garfield</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Crell" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/circumspect"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40770208?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>circumspect</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-circumspect" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/cjwyett"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34195737?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Cyrus Wyett</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-cjwyett" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/cadolphs"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13894820?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>cadolphs</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=cadolphs" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.haveneer.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26146722?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pascal H.</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-hpwxf" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://twitter.com/chapeupreto"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/834048?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rod Elias</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-chapeupreto" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/blerchy"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2555355?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matt Lebl</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=blerchy" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="http://flakolefluk.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11986564?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ignacio Le Fluk</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-flakolefluk" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tlyu"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/431873?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Taylor Yu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=tlyu" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-tlyu" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://zerotask.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20150243?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Patrick Hintermayer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=Zerotask" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://petkopavlovski.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32264020?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pete Pavlovski</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-arthas168" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/k12ish"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/45272873?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>k12ish</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-k12ish" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hongshaoyang"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/19281800?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Shao Yang Hong</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-hongshaoyang" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bmacer"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13931806?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Brandon Macer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-bmacer" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/stoiandan"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10388612?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stoian Dan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-stoiandan" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://about.me/pjdelport"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/630271?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pi Delport</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-PiDelport" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sateeshkumarb"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/429263?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sateesh </b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=sateeshkumarb" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#content-sateeshkumarb" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kayuapi"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10304328?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ZC</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-kayuapi" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hyperparabolic"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12348474?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>hyperparabolic</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=hyperparabolic" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.net4visions.at"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5228369?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>arlecchino</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=kolbma" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://richthofen.io/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7576730?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Richthofen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=jazzplato" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/cseltol"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/64264529?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ivan Nerazumov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=cseltol" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/lauralindzey"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65185744?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>lauralindzey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=lauralindzey" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sinharaksh1t"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/28585848?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rakshit Sinha</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-sinharaksh1t" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dbednar230"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/54457902?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Damian</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-dbednar230" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://benarmstead.co.uk"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/70973680?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ben Armstead</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=benarmstead" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/anuk909"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34924662?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>anuk909</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-anuk909" title="Content">🖋</a> <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=anuk909" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://granddaifuku.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/49578068?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>granddaifuku</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-granddaifuku" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://weilet.me"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32561597?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Weilet</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Weilet" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Millione"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38575932?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>LIU JIE</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Millione" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/abusch"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/506344?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Antoine Büsch</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/commits?author=abusch" title="Code">💻</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://frogtd.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31412003?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>frogtd</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-frogtd" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<!-- markdownlint-restore -->
-<!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
-
-<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:END -->
-
-This project follows the [all-contributors](https://github.com/all-contributors/all-contributors) specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!
+Thanks goes to the wonderful people listed in [AUTHORS.md](./AUTHORS.md) 🎉

default_out.txt

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-Thanks for installing Rustlings!
-
-Is this your first time? Don't worry, Rustlings was made for beginners! We are
-going to teach you a lot of things about Rust, but before we can get
-started, here's a couple of notes about how Rustlings operates:
-
-1. The central concept behind Rustlings is that you solve exercises. These
-   exercises usually have some sort of syntax error in them, which will cause
-   them to fail compilation or testing. Sometimes there's a logic error instead
-   of a syntax error. No matter what error, it's your job to find it and fix it!
-   You'll know when you fixed it because then, the exercise will compile and
-   Rustlings will be able to move on to the next exercise.
-2. If you run Rustlings in watch mode (which we recommend), it'll automatically
-   start with the first exercise. Don't get confused by an error message popping
-   up as soon as you run Rustlings! This is part of the exercise that you're
-   supposed to solve, so open the exercise file in an editor and start your
-   detective work!
-3. If you're stuck on an exercise, there is a helpful hint you can view by typing
-   'hint' (in watch mode), or running `rustlings hint myexercise`.
-4. If an exercise doesn't make sense to you, feel free to open an issue on GitHub!
-   (https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/issues/new). We look at every issue,
-   and sometimes, other learners do too so you can help each other out!
-
-Got all that? Great! To get started, run `rustlings watch` in order to get the first
-exercise. Make sure to have your editor open!

exercises/README.md

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 # Exercise to Book Chapter mapping
 
-| Exercise               | Book Chapter |
-|------------------------|--------------|
-| variables              | §3.1          |
-| functions              | §3.3          |
-| if                     | §3.5          |
-| move_semantics         | §4.1          |
-| primitive_types        | §4.3          |
-| structs                | §5.1          |
-| enums                  | §6            |
-| modules                | §7            |
-| collections            | §8.1, §8.3    |
-| strings                | §8.2          |
-| error_handling         | §9            |
-| generics               | §10           |
-| option                 | §10.1         |
-| traits                 | §10.2         |
-| tests                  | §11.1         |
-| standard_library_types | §13.2         |
-| threads                | §16.1         |
-| macros                 | §19.6         |
-| clippy                 | n/a           |
-| conversions            | n/a           |
+| Exercise               | Book Chapter        |
+| ---------------------- | ------------------- |
+| variables              | §3.1                |
+| functions              | §3.3                |
+| if                     | §3.5                |
+| primitive_types        | §3.2, §4.3          |
+| vecs                   | §8.1                |
+| move_semantics         | §4.1, §4.2          |
+| structs                | §5.1, §5.3          |
+| enums                  | §6, §18.3           |
+| strings                | §8.2                |
+| modules                | §7                  |
+| hashmaps               | §8.3                |
+| options                | §10.1               |
+| error_handling         | §9                  |
+| generics               | §10                 |
+| traits                 | §10.2               |
+| tests                  | §11.1               |
+| lifetimes              | §10.3               |
+| standard_library_types | §13.2, §15.1, §16.3 |
+| threads                | §16.1, §16.2, §16.3 |
+| macros                 | §19.6               |
+| clippy                 | n/a                 |
+| conversions            | n/a                 |

exercises/advanced_errors/advanced_errs1.rs

@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-// advanced_errs1.rs
-
-// Remember back in errors6, we had multiple mapping functions so that we
-// could translate lower-level errors into our custom error type using
-// `map_err()`? What if we could use the `?` operator directly instead?
-
-// Make this code compile! Execute `rustlings hint advanced_errs1` for
-// hints :)
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::num::ParseIntError;
-use std::str::FromStr;
-
-// This is a custom error type that we will be using in the `FromStr`
-// implementation.
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-enum ParsePosNonzeroError {
-    Creation(CreationError),
-    ParseInt(ParseIntError),
-}
-
-impl From<CreationError> for ParsePosNonzeroError {
-    fn from(e: CreationError) -> Self {
-        // TODO: complete this implementation so that the `?` operator will
-        // work for `CreationError`
-    }
-}
-
-// TODO: implement another instance of the `From` trait here so that the
-// `?` operator will work in the other place in the `FromStr`
-// implementation below.
-
-// Don't change anything below this line.
-
-impl FromStr for PositiveNonzeroInteger {
-    type Err = ParsePosNonzeroError;
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, Self::Err> {
-        let x: i64 = s.parse()?;
-        Ok(PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(x)?)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-struct PositiveNonzeroInteger(u64);
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-enum CreationError {
-    Negative,
-    Zero,
-}
-
-impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
-    fn new(value: i64) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, CreationError> {
-        match value {
-            x if x < 0 => Err(CreationError::Negative),
-            x if x == 0 => Err(CreationError::Zero),
-            x => Ok(PositiveNonzeroInteger(x as u64)),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_error() {
-        // We can't construct a ParseIntError, so we have to pattern match.
-        assert!(matches!(
-            PositiveNonzeroInteger::from_str("not a number"),
-            Err(ParsePosNonzeroError::ParseInt(_))
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_negative() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            PositiveNonzeroInteger::from_str("-555"),
-            Err(ParsePosNonzeroError::Creation(CreationError::Negative))
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_zero() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            PositiveNonzeroInteger::from_str("0"),
-            Err(ParsePosNonzeroError::Creation(CreationError::Zero))
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_positive() {
-        let x = PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(42);
-        assert!(x.is_ok());
-        assert_eq!(PositiveNonzeroInteger::from_str("42"), Ok(x.unwrap()));
-    }
-}

exercises/advanced_errors/advanced_errs2.rs

@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-// advanced_errs2.rs
-
-// This exercise demonstrates a few traits that are useful for custom error
-// types to implement, especially so that other code can consume the custom
-// error type more usefully.
-
-// Make this compile, and make the tests pass!
-// Execute `rustlings hint advanced_errs2` for hints.
-
-// Steps:
-// 1. Implement a missing trait so that `main()` will compile.
-// 2. Complete the partial implementation of `From` for
-//    `ParseClimateError`.
-// 3. Handle the missing error cases in the `FromStr` implementation for
-//    `Climate`.
-// 4. Complete the partial implementation of `Display` for
-//    `ParseClimateError`.
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-use std::error::Error;
-use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
-use std::num::{ParseFloatError, ParseIntError};
-use std::str::FromStr;
-
-// This is the custom error type that we will be using for the parser for
-// `Climate`.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-enum ParseClimateError {
-    Empty,
-    BadLen,
-    NoCity,
-    ParseInt(ParseIntError),
-    ParseFloat(ParseFloatError),
-}
-
-// This `From` implementation allows the `?` operator to work on
-// `ParseIntError` values.
-impl From<ParseIntError> for ParseClimateError {
-    fn from(e: ParseIntError) -> Self {
-        Self::ParseInt(e)
-    }
-}
-
-// This `From` implementation allows the `?` operator to work on
-// `ParseFloatError` values.
-impl From<ParseFloatError> for ParseClimateError {
-    fn from(e: ParseFloatError) -> Self {
-        // TODO: Complete this function
-    }
-}
-
-// TODO: Implement a missing trait so that `main()` below will compile. It
-// is not necessary to implement any methods inside the missing trait.
-
-// The `Display` trait allows for other code to obtain the error formatted
-// as a user-visible string.
-impl Display for ParseClimateError {
-    // TODO: Complete this function so that it produces the correct strings
-    // for each error variant.
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        // Imports the variants to make the following code more compact.
-        use ParseClimateError::*;
-        match self {
-            NoCity => write!(f, "no city name"),
-            ParseFloat(e) => write!(f, "error parsing temperature: {}", e),
-            _ => write!(f, "unhandled error!"),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-struct Climate {
-    city: String,
-    year: u32,
-    temp: f32,
-}
-
-// Parser for `Climate`.
-// 1. Split the input string into 3 fields: city, year, temp.
-// 2. Return an error if the string is empty or has the wrong number of
-//    fields.
-// 3. Return an error if the city name is empty.
-// 4. Parse the year as a `u32` and return an error if that fails.
-// 5. Parse the temp as a `f32` and return an error if that fails.
-// 6. Return an `Ok` value containing the completed `Climate` value.
-impl FromStr for Climate {
-    type Err = ParseClimateError;
-    // TODO: Complete this function by making it handle the missing error
-    // cases.
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        let v: Vec<_> = s.split(',').collect();
-        let (city, year, temp) = match &v[..] {
-            [city, year, temp] => (city.to_string(), year, temp),
-            _ => return Err(ParseClimateError::BadLen),
-        };
-        let year: u32 = year.parse()?;
-        let temp: f32 = temp.parse()?;
-        Ok(Climate { city, year, temp })
-    }
-}
-
-// Don't change anything below this line (other than to enable ignored
-// tests).
-
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    println!("{:?}", "Hong Kong,1999,25.7".parse::<Climate>()?);
-    println!("{:?}", "".parse::<Climate>()?);
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use super::*;
-    #[test]
-    fn test_empty() {
-        let res = "".parse::<Climate>();
-        assert_eq!(res, Err(ParseClimateError::Empty));
-        assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().to_string(), "empty input");
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_short() {
-        let res = "Boston,1991".parse::<Climate>();
-        assert_eq!(res, Err(ParseClimateError::BadLen));
-        assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().to_string(), "incorrect number of fields");
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_long() {
-        let res = "Paris,1920,17.2,extra".parse::<Climate>();
-        assert_eq!(res, Err(ParseClimateError::BadLen));
-        assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().to_string(), "incorrect number of fields");
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_no_city() {
-        let res = ",1997,20.5".parse::<Climate>();
-        assert_eq!(res, Err(ParseClimateError::NoCity));
-        assert_eq!(res.unwrap_err().to_string(), "no city name");
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_int_neg() {
-        let res = "Barcelona,-25,22.3".parse::<Climate>();
-        assert!(matches!(res, Err(ParseClimateError::ParseInt(_))));
-        let err = res.unwrap_err();
-        if let ParseClimateError::ParseInt(ref inner) = err {
-            assert_eq!(
-                err.to_string(),
-                format!("error parsing year: {}", inner.to_string())
-            );
-        } else {
-            unreachable!();
-        };
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_int_bad() {
-        let res = "Beijing,foo,15.0".parse::<Climate>();
-        assert!(matches!(res, Err(ParseClimateError::ParseInt(_))));
-        let err = res.unwrap_err();
-        if let ParseClimateError::ParseInt(ref inner) = err {
-            assert_eq!(
-                err.to_string(),
-                format!("error parsing year: {}", inner.to_string())
-            );
-        } else {
-            unreachable!();
-        };
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_float() {
-        let res = "Manila,2001,bar".parse::<Climate>();
-        assert!(matches!(res, Err(ParseClimateError::ParseFloat(_))));
-        let err = res.unwrap_err();
-        if let ParseClimateError::ParseFloat(ref inner) = err {
-            assert_eq!(
-                err.to_string(),
-                format!("error parsing temperature: {}", inner.to_string())
-            );
-        } else {
-            unreachable!();
-        };
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_good() {
-        let res = "Munich,2015,23.1".parse::<Climate>();
-        assert_eq!(
-            res,
-            Ok(Climate {
-                city: "Munich".to_string(),
-                year: 2015,
-                temp: 23.1,
-            })
-        );
-    }
-    #[test]
-    #[ignore]
-    fn test_downcast() {
-        let res = "São Paulo,-21,28.5".parse::<Climate>();
-        assert!(matches!(res, Err(ParseClimateError::ParseInt(_))));
-        let err = res.unwrap_err();
-        let inner: Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> = err.source();
-        assert!(inner.is_some());
-        assert!(inner.unwrap().is::<ParseIntError>());
-    }
-}

exercises/clippy/clippy1.rs

@@ -4,14 +4,20 @@
 //
 // For these exercises the code will fail to compile when there are clippy warnings
 // check clippy's suggestions from the output to solve the exercise.
-// Execute `rustlings hint clippy1` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint clippy1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
+use std::f32;
+
 fn main() {
-    let x = 1.2331f64;
-    let y = 1.2332f64;
-    if y != x {
-        println!("Success!");
-    }
+    let pi = 3.14f32;
+    let radius = 5.00f32;
+
+    let area = pi * f32::powi(radius, 2);
+
+    println!(
+        "The area of a circle with radius {:.2} is {:.5}!",
+        radius, area
+    )
 }

exercises/clippy/clippy2.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // clippy2.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint clippy2` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint clippy2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/clippy/clippy3.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// clippy3.rs
+// Here's a couple more easy Clippy fixes, so you can see its utility.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+#[allow(unused_variables, unused_assignments)]
+fn main() {
+    let my_option: Option<()> = None;
+    if my_option.is_none() {
+        my_option.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    let my_arr = &[
+        -1, -2, -3
+        -4, -5, -6
+    ];
+    println!("My array! Here it is: {:?}", my_arr);
+
+    let my_empty_vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5].resize(0, 5);
+    println!("This Vec is empty, see? {:?}", my_empty_vec);
+
+    let mut value_a = 45;
+    let mut value_b = 66;
+    // Let's swap these two!
+    value_a = value_b;
+    value_b = value_a;
+    println!("value a: {}; value b: {}", value_a, value_b);
+}

exercises/collections/README.md

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-# Collections
-
-Rust’s standard library includes a number of very useful data
-structures called collections. Most other data types represent one
-specific value, but collections can contain multiple values. Unlike
-the built-in array and tuple types, the data these collections point
-to is stored on the heap, which means the amount of data does not need
-to be known at compile time and can grow or shrink as the program
-runs.
-
-This exercise will get you familiar with two fundamental data
-structures that are used very often in Rust programs:
-
-* A *vector* allows you to store a variable number of values next to
-  each other.
-* A *hash map* allows you to associate a value with a particular key.
-  You may also know this by the names [*unordered map* in C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_map), 
-  [*dictionary* in Python](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries) or an *associative array* in other languages.
-
-## Further information
-
-- [Storing Lists of Values with Vectors](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-01-vectors.html)
-- [Storing Keys with Associated Values in Hash Maps](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch08-03-hash-maps.html)

exercises/conversions/as_ref_mut.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // AsRef and AsMut allow for cheap reference-to-reference conversions.
 // Read more about them at https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsRef.html
 // and https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.AsMut.html, respectively.
+// Execute `rustlings hint as_ref_mut` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -16,10 +17,10 @@ fn char_counter<T>(arg: T) -> usize {
     arg.as_ref().chars().count()
 }
 
-fn main() {
-    let s = "Café au lait";
-    println!("{}", char_counter(s));
-    println!("{}", byte_counter(s));
+// Squares a number using AsMut. Add the trait bound as is appropriate and
+// implement the function body.
+fn num_sq<T>(arg: &mut T) {
+    ???
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -49,4 +50,11 @@ mod tests {
         let s = String::from("Cafe au lait");
         assert_eq!(char_counter(s.clone()), byte_counter(s));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mult_box() {
+        let mut num: Box<u32> = Box::new(3);
+        num_sq(&mut num);
+        assert_eq!(*num, 9);
+    }
 }

exercises/conversions/from_into.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // The From trait is used for value-to-value conversions.
 // If From is implemented correctly for a type, the Into trait should work conversely.
 // You can read more about it at https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.From.html
+// Execute `rustlings hint from_into` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct Person {
     name: String,

exercises/conversions/from_str.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 // Additionally, upon implementing FromStr, you can use the `parse` method
 // on strings to generate an object of the implementor type.
 // You can read more about it at https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/str/trait.FromStr.html
+// Execute `rustlings hint from_str` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
 use std::num::ParseIntError;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
@@ -37,6 +39,9 @@ enum ParsePersonError {
 //    with something like `"4".parse::<usize>()`
 // 6. If while extracting the name and the age something goes wrong, an error should be returned
 // If everything goes well, then return a Result of a Person object
+//
+// As an aside: `Box<dyn Error>` implements `From<&'_ str>`. This means that if you want to return a
+// string error message, you can do so via just using return `Err("my error message".into())`.
 
 impl FromStr for Person {
     type Err = ParsePersonError;

exercises/conversions/try_from_into.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 // Basically, this is the same as From. The main difference is that this should return a Result type
 // instead of the target type itself.
 // You can read more about it at https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html
+// Execute `rustlings hint try_from_into` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
 use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ impl TryFrom<&[i16]> for Color {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    // Use the `from` function
+    // Use the `try_from` function
     let c1 = Color::try_from((183, 65, 14));
     println!("{:?}", c1);
 

exercises/conversions/using_as.rs

@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
 //
 // The goal is to make sure that the division does not fail to compile
 // and returns the proper type.
+// Execute `rustlings hint using_as` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
 fn average(values: &[f64]) -> f64 {
-    let total = values.iter().fold(0.0, |a, b| a + b);
+    let total = values.iter().sum::<f64>();
     total / values.len()
 }
 

exercises/enums/enums1.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // enums1.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint enums1` for hints!
+// No hints this time! ;)
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/enums/enums2.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // enums2.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint enums2` for hints!
+// Execute `rustlings hint enums2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/enums/enums3.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // enums3.rs
 // Address all the TODOs to make the tests pass!
+// Execute `rustlings hint enums3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/error_handling/errors1.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
 // errors1.rs
 // This function refuses to generate text to be printed on a nametag if
 // you pass it an empty string. It'd be nicer if it explained what the problem
-// was, instead of just sometimes returning `None`. The 2nd test currently
-// does not compile or pass, but it illustrates the behavior we would like
-// this function to have.
-// Execute `rustlings hint errors1` for hints!
+// was, instead of just sometimes returning `None`. Thankfully, Rust has a similar
+// construct to `Option` that can be used to express error conditions. Let's use it!
+// Execute `rustlings hint errors1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
 pub fn generate_nametag_text(name: String) -> Option<String> {
-    if name.len() > 0 {
-        Some(format!("Hi! My name is {}", name))
-    } else {
+    if name.is_empty() {
         // Empty names aren't allowed.
         None
+    } else {
+        Some(format!("Hi! My name is {}", name))
     }
 }
 
@@ -21,14 +20,11 @@ pub fn generate_nametag_text(name: String) -> Option<String> {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
-    // This test passes initially if you comment out the 2nd test.
-    // You'll need to update what this test expects when you change
-    // the function under test!
     #[test]
     fn generates_nametag_text_for_a_nonempty_name() {
         assert_eq!(
             generate_nametag_text("Beyoncé".into()),
-            Some("Hi! My name is Beyoncé".into())
+            Ok("Hi! My name is Beyoncé".into())
         );
     }
 
@@ -36,6 +32,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn explains_why_generating_nametag_text_fails() {
         assert_eq!(
             generate_nametag_text("".into()),
+            // Don't change this line
             Err("`name` was empty; it must be nonempty.".into())
         );
     }

exercises/error_handling/errors2.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 // and add.
 
 // There are at least two ways to implement this that are both correct-- but
-// one is a lot shorter! Execute `rustlings hint errors2` for hints to both ways.
+// one is a lot shorter!
+// Execute `rustlings hint errors2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/error_handling/errors3.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // This is a program that is trying to use a completed version of the
 // `total_cost` function from the previous exercise. It's not working though!
 // Why not? What should we do to fix it?
-// Execute `rustlings hint errors3` for hints!
+// Execute `rustlings hint errors3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/error_handling/errors4.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // errors4.rs
-// Make this test pass! Execute `rustlings hint errors4` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint errors4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ enum CreationError {
 
 impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
     fn new(value: i64) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, CreationError> {
+        // Hmm...? Why is this only returning an Ok value?
         Ok(PositiveNonzeroInteger(value as u64))
     }
 }

exercises/error_handling/errors5.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
 // errors5.rs
 
-// This program uses a completed version of the code from errors4.
-// It won't compile right now! Why?
-// Execute `rustlings hint errors5` for hints!
+// This program uses an altered version of the code from errors4.
+
+// This exercise uses some concepts that we won't get to until later in the course, like `Box` and the
+// `From` trait. It's not important to understand them in detail right now, but you can read ahead if you like.
+// For now, think of the `Box<dyn ...>` type as an "I want anything that does ???" type, which, given
+// Rust's usual standards for runtime safety, should strike you as somewhat lenient!
+
+// In short, this particular use case for boxes is for when you want to own a value and you care only that it is a 
+// type which implements a particular trait. To do so, The Box is declared as of type Box<dyn Trait> where Trait is the trait
+// the compiler looks for on any value used in that context. For this exercise, that context is the potential errors
+// which can be returned in a Result.
+
+// What can we use to describe both errors? In other words, is there a trait which both errors implement?
+
+// Execute `rustlings hint errors5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -11,7 +23,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::num::ParseIntError;
 
 // TODO: update the return type of `main()` to make this compile.
-fn main() -> Result<(), ParseIntError> {
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn ???>> {
     let pretend_user_input = "42";
     let x: i64 = pretend_user_input.parse()?;
     println!("output={:?}", PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(x)?);

exercises/error_handling/errors6.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // we define a custom error type to make it possible for callers to decide
 // what to do next when our function returns an error.
 
-// Make these tests pass! Execute `rustlings hint errors6` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint errors6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ impl ParsePosNonzeroError {
         ParsePosNonzeroError::Creation(err)
     }
     // TODO: add another error conversion function here.
+    // fn from_parseint...
 }
 
 fn parse_pos_nonzero(s: &str)

exercises/functions/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Functions
 
-Here, you'll learn how to write functions and how Rust's compiler can trace things way back.
+Here, you'll learn how to write functions and how the Rust compiler can help you debug errors even
+in more complex code.
 
 ## Further information
 

exercises/functions/functions1.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // functions1.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint functions1` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint functions1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/functions/functions2.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // functions2.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint functions2` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint functions2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/functions/functions3.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // functions3.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint functions3` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint functions3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/functions/functions4.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 // functions4.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint functions4` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint functions4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // This store is having a sale where if the price is an even number, you get
 // 10 Rustbucks off, but if it's an odd number, it's 3 Rustbucks off.
+// (Don't worry about the function bodies themselves, we're only interested
+// in the signatures for now. If anything, this is a good way to peek ahead
+// to future exercises!)
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/functions/functions5.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 // functions5.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint functions5` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint functions5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
 fn main() {
     let answer = square(3);
-    println!("The answer is {}", answer);
+    println!("The square of 3 is {}", answer);
 }
 
 fn square(num: i32) -> i32 {

exercises/generics/generics1.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This shopping list program isn't compiling!
 // Use your knowledge of generics to fix it.
 
-// Execute `rustlings hint generics1` for hints!
+// Execute `rustlings hint generics1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/generics/generics2.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // This powerful wrapper provides the ability to store a positive integer value.
 // Rewrite it using generics so that it supports wrapping ANY type.
 
-// Execute `rustlings hint generics2` for hints!
+// Execute `rustlings hint generics2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/generics/generics3.rs

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-// An imaginary magical school has a new report card generation system written in Rust!
-// Currently the system only supports creating report cards where the student's grade
-// is represented numerically (e.g. 1.0 -> 5.5).
-// However, the school also issues alphabetical grades (A+ -> F-) and needs
-// to be able to print both types of report card!
-
-// Make the necessary code changes in the struct ReportCard and the impl block
-// to support alphabetical report cards. Change the Grade in the second test to "A+"
-// to show that your changes allow alphabetical grades.
-
-// Execute 'rustlings hint generics3' for hints!
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-pub struct ReportCard {
-    pub grade: f32,
-    pub student_name: String,
-    pub student_age: u8,
-}
-
-impl ReportCard {
-    pub fn print(&self) -> String {
-        format!("{} ({}) - achieved a grade of {}",
-            &self.student_name, &self.student_age, &self.grade)
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn generate_numeric_report_card() {
-        let report_card = ReportCard {
-            grade: 2.1,
-            student_name: "Tom Wriggle".to_string(),
-            student_age: 12,
-        };
-        assert_eq!(
-            report_card.print(),
-            "Tom Wriggle (12) - achieved a grade of 2.1"
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn generate_alphabetic_report_card() {
-        // TODO: Make sure to change the grade here after you finish the exercise.
-        let report_card = ReportCard {
-            grade: 2.1,
-            student_name: "Gary Plotter".to_string(),
-            student_age: 11,
-        };
-        assert_eq!(
-            report_card.print(),
-            "Gary Plotter (11) - achieved a grade of A+"
-        );
-    }
-}

exercises/hashmaps/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Hashmaps
+A *hash map* allows you to associate a value with a particular key.
+You may also know this by the names [*unordered map* in C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_map), 
+[*dictionary* in Python](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries) or an *associative array* in other languages.
+
+This is the other data structure that we've been talking about before, when
+talking about Vecs.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Storing Keys with Associated Values in Hash Maps](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch08-03-hash-maps.html)

exercises/hashmaps/hashmaps1.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// hashmap1.rs
+// hashmaps1.rs
 // A basket of fruits in the form of a hash map needs to be defined.
 // The key represents the name of the fruit and the value represents
 // how many of that particular fruit is in the basket. You have to put
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@
 //
 // Make me compile and pass the tests!
 //
-// Execute the command `rustlings hint hashmap1` if you need
-// hints.
+// Execute `rustlings hint hashmaps1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/hashmaps/hashmaps2.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// hashmap2.rs
+// hashmaps2.rs
 
 // A basket of fruits in the form of a hash map is given. The key
 // represents the name of the fruit and the value represents how many
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
 //
 // Make me pass the tests!
 //
-// Execute the command `rustlings hint hashmap2` if you need
-// hints.
+// Execute `rustlings hint hashmaps2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/hashmaps/hashmaps3.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// hashmaps3.rs
+
+// A list of scores (one per line) of a soccer match is given. Each line
+// is of the form :
+// <team_1_name>,<team_2_name>,<team_1_goals>,<team_2_goals>
+// Example: England,France,4,2 (England scored 4 goals, France 2).
+
+// You have to build a scores table containing the name of the team, goals
+// the team scored, and goals the team conceded. One approach to build
+// the scores table is to use a Hashmap. The solution is partially
+// written to use a Hashmap, complete it to pass the test.
+
+// Make me pass the tests!
+
+// Execute `rustlings hint hashmaps3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+// A structure to store team name and its goal details.
+struct Team {
+    name: String,
+    goals_scored: u8,
+    goals_conceded: u8,
+}
+
+fn build_scores_table(results: String) -> HashMap<String, Team> {
+    // The name of the team is the key and its associated struct is the value.
+    let mut scores: HashMap<String, Team> = HashMap::new();
+
+    for r in results.lines() {
+        let v: Vec<&str> = r.split(',').collect();
+        let team_1_name = v[0].to_string();
+        let team_1_score: u8 = v[2].parse().unwrap();
+        let team_2_name = v[1].to_string();
+        let team_2_score: u8 = v[3].parse().unwrap();
+        // TODO: Populate the scores table with details extracted from the
+        // current line. Keep in mind that goals scored by team_1
+        // will be number of goals conceded from team_2, and similarly
+        // goals scored by team_2 will be the number of goals conceded by
+        // team_1.
+    }
+    scores
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn get_results() -> String {
+        let results = "".to_string()
+            + "England,France,4,2\n"
+            + "France,Italy,3,1\n"
+            + "Poland,Spain,2,0\n"
+            + "Germany,England,2,1\n";
+        results
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn build_scores() {
+        let scores = build_scores_table(get_results());
+
+        let mut keys: Vec<&String> = scores.keys().collect();
+        keys.sort();
+        assert_eq!(
+            keys,
+            vec!["England", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Poland", "Spain"]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_team_score_1() {
+        let scores = build_scores_table(get_results());
+        let team = scores.get("England").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(team.goals_scored, 5);
+        assert_eq!(team.goals_conceded, 4);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn validate_team_score_2() {
+        let scores = build_scores_table(get_results());
+        let team = scores.get("Spain").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(team.goals_scored, 0);
+        assert_eq!(team.goals_conceded, 2);
+    }
+}

exercises/if/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # If
 
-`if`, the most basic type of control flow, is what you'll learn here.
+`if`, the most basic (but still surprisingly versatile!) type of control flow, is what you'll learn here.
 
 ## Further information
 

exercises/if/if1.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // if1.rs
+// Execute `rustlings hint if1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -7,7 +8,6 @@ pub fn bigger(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
     // Do not use:
     // - another function call
     // - additional variables
-    // Execute `rustlings hint if1` for hints
 }
 
 // Don't mind this for now :)

exercises/if/if2.rs

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 // Step 1: Make me compile!
 // Step 2: Get the bar_for_fuzz and default_to_baz tests passing!
-// Execute the command `rustlings hint if2` if you want a hint :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint if2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
-pub fn fizz_if_foo(fizzish: &str) -> &str {
+pub fn foo_if_fizz(fizzish: &str) -> &str {
     if fizzish == "fizz" {
         "foo"
     } else {
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn foo_for_fizz() {
-        assert_eq!(fizz_if_foo("fizz"), "foo")
+        assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("fizz"), "foo")
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn bar_for_fuzz() {
-        assert_eq!(fizz_if_foo("fuzz"), "bar")
+        assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("fuzz"), "bar")
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn default_to_baz() {
-        assert_eq!(fizz_if_foo("literally anything"), "baz")
+        assert_eq!(foo_if_fizz("literally anything"), "baz")
     }
 }

exercises/intro/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Intro
+
+Rust uses the `print!` and `println!` macros to print text to the console.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Hello World](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/hello.html)
+- [Formatted print](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/hello/print.html)

exercises/intro/intro1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// intro1.rs
+// About this `I AM NOT DONE` thing:
+// We sometimes encourage you to keep trying things on a given exercise, even
+// after you already figured it out. If you got everything working and feel
+// ready for the next exercise, remove the `I AM NOT DONE` comment below.
+// Execute `rustlings hint intro1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+//
+// If you're running this using `rustlings watch`: The exercise file will be reloaded
+// when you change one of the lines below! Try adding a `println!` line, or try changing
+// what it outputs in your terminal. Try removing a semicolon and see what happens!
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("Hello and");
+    println!(r#"       welcome to...                      "#);
+    println!(r#"                 _   _ _                  "#);
+    println!(r#"  _ __ _   _ ___| |_| (_)_ __   __ _ ___  "#);
+    println!(r#" | '__| | | / __| __| | | '_ \ / _` / __| "#);
+    println!(r#" | |  | |_| \__ \ |_| | | | | | (_| \__ \ "#);
+    println!(r#" |_|   \__,_|___/\__|_|_|_| |_|\__, |___/ "#);
+    println!(r#"                               |___/      "#);
+    println!();
+    println!("This exercise compiles successfully. The remaining exercises contain a compiler");
+    println!("or logic error. The central concept behind Rustlings is to fix these errors and");
+    println!("solve the exercises. Good luck!");
+    println!();
+    println!("The source for this exercise is in `exercises/intro/intro1.rs`. Have a look!");
+    println!("Going forward, the source of the exercises will always be in the success/failure output.");
+}

exercises/intro/intro2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// intro2.rs
+// Make the code print a greeting to the world.
+// Execute `rustlings hint intro2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("Hello {}!");
+}

exercises/lifetimes/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Lifetimes
+
+Lifetimes tell the compiler how to check whether references live long
+enough to be valid in any given situation. For example lifetimes say
+"make sure parameter 'a' lives as long as parameter 'b' so that the return
+value is valid". 
+
+They are only necessary on borrows, i.e. references, 
+since copied parameters or moves are owned in their scope and cannot
+be referenced outside. Lifetimes mean that calling code of e.g. functions
+can be checked to make sure their arguments are valid. Lifetimes are 
+restrictive of their callers.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Validating References with Lifetimes](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch10-03-lifetime-syntax.html)
+- [Lifetimes (in Rust By Example)](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/rust-by-example/scope/lifetime.html)

exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// lifetimes1.rs
+//
+// The Rust compiler needs to know how to check whether supplied references are
+// valid, so that it can let the programmer know if a reference is at risk
+// of going out of scope before it is used. Remember, references are borrows
+// and do not own their own data. What if their owner goes out of scope?
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint lifetimes1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn longest(x: &str, y: &str) -> &str {
+    if x.len() > y.len() {
+        x
+    } else {
+        y
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let string1 = String::from("abcd");
+    let string2 = "xyz";
+
+    let result = longest(string1.as_str(), string2);
+    println!("The longest string is {}", result);
+}

exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// lifetimes2.rs
+//
+// So if the compiler is just validating the references passed
+// to the annotated parameters and the return type, what do
+// we need to change?
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint lifetimes2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn longest<'a>(x: &'a str, y: &'a str) -> &'a str {
+    if x.len() > y.len() {
+        x
+    } else {
+        y
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let string1 = String::from("long string is long");
+    let result;
+    {
+        let string2 = String::from("xyz");
+        result = longest(string1.as_str(), string2.as_str());
+    }
+    println!("The longest string is {}", result);
+}

exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes3.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// lifetimes3.rs
+//
+// Lifetimes are also needed when structs hold references.
+//
+// Execute `rustlings hint lifetimes3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+struct Book {
+    author: &str,
+    title: &str,
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let name = String::from("Jill Smith");
+    let title = String::from("Fish Flying");
+    let book = Book { author: &name, title: &title };
+
+    println!("{} by {}", book.title, book.author);
+}

exercises/macros/README.md

@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ macros. Instead, we'll show you how to use and create them.
 ## Further information
 
 - [Macros](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch19-06-macros.html)
-- [The Little Book of Rust Macros](https://danielkeep.github.io/tlborm/book/index.html)
+- [The Little Book of Rust Macros](https://veykril.github.io/tlborm/)

exercises/macros/macros1.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // macros1.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint macros1` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint macros1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/macros/macros2.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // macros2.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint macros2` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint macros2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/macros/macros3.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // macros3.rs
 // Make me compile, without taking the macro out of the module!
-// Execute `rustlings hint macros3` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint macros3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/macros/macros4.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // macros4.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint macros4` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint macros4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/modules/modules1.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // modules1.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint modules1` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint modules1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/modules/modules2.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 // modules2.rs
 // You can bring module paths into scopes and provide new names for them with the
 // 'use' and 'as' keywords. Fix these 'use' statements to make the code compile.
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint modules2` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint modules2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
 mod delicious_snacks {
-
     // TODO: Fix these use statements
     use self::fruits::PEAR as ???
     use self::veggies::CUCUMBER as ???

exercises/modules/modules3.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // and especially from the Rust standard library into your scope.
 // Bring SystemTime and UNIX_EPOCH
 // from the std::time module. Bonus style points if you can do it with one line!
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint modules3` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint modules3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics1.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // move_semantics1.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics1` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics2.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // move_semantics2.rs
-// Make me compile without changing line 13!
-// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics2` for hints :)
+// Make me compile without changing line 13 or moving line 10!
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics3.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // move_semantics3.rs
 // Make me compile without adding new lines-- just changing existing lines!
 // (no lines with multiple semicolons necessary!)
-// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics3` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics4.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // move_semantics4.rs
-// Refactor this code so that instead of having `vec0` and creating the vector
-// in `fn main`, we create it within `fn fill_vec` and transfer the
-// freshly created vector from fill_vec to its caller.
-// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics4` for hints!
+// Refactor this code so that instead of passing `vec0` into the `fill_vec` function,
+// the Vector gets created in the function itself and passed back to the main
+// function.
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics5.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // move_semantics5.rs
-// Make me compile only be reordering the lines in `main()`, but without
+// Make me compile only by reordering the lines in `main()`, but without
 // adding, changing or removing any of them.
-// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics5` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/move_semantics/move_semantics6.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// move_semantics6.rs
+// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+// You can't change anything except adding or removing references.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn main() {
+    let data = "Rust is great!".to_string();
+
+    get_char(data);
+
+    string_uppercase(&data);
+}
+
+// Should not take ownership
+fn get_char(data: String) -> char {
+    data.chars().last().unwrap()
+}
+
+// Should take ownership
+fn string_uppercase(mut data: &String) {
+    data = &data.to_uppercase();
+
+    println!("{}", data);
+}

exercises/option/option1.rs

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-// option1.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint option1` for hints
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-// you can modify anything EXCEPT for this function's sig
-fn print_number(maybe_number: Option<u16>) {
-    println!("printing: {}", maybe_number.unwrap());
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    print_number(13);
-    print_number(99);
-
-    let mut numbers: [Option<u16>; 5];
-    for iter in 0..5 {
-        let number_to_add: u16 = {
-            ((iter * 1235) + 2) / (4 * 16)
-        };
-
-        numbers[iter as usize] = number_to_add;
-    }
-}

exercises/options/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Option
+# Options
 
 Type Option represents an optional value: every Option is either Some and contains a value, or None, and does not. 
 Option types are very common in Rust code, as they have a number of uses:
@@ -16,3 +16,5 @@ Option types are very common in Rust code, as they have a number of uses:
 - [Option Enum Format](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch10-01-syntax.html#in-enum-definitions)
 - [Option Module Documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/)
 - [Option Enum Documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/option/enum.Option.html)
+- [if let](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/if_let.html)
+- [while let](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/flow_control/while_let.html)

exercises/options/options1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// options1.rs
+// Execute `rustlings hint options1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+// This function returns how much icecream there is left in the fridge.
+// If it's before 10PM, there's 5 pieces left. At 10PM, someone eats them
+// all, so there'll be no more left :(
+// TODO: Return an Option!
+fn maybe_icecream(time_of_day: u16) -> Option<u16> {
+    // We use the 24-hour system here, so 10PM is a value of 22
+    // The Option output should gracefully handle cases where time_of_day > 24.
+    ???
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn check_icecream() {
+        assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(9), Some(5));
+        assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(10), Some(0));
+        assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(23), Some(0));
+        assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(22), Some(0));
+        assert_eq!(maybe_icecream(25), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn raw_value() {
+        // TODO: Fix this test. How do you get at the value contained in the Option?
+        let icecreams = maybe_icecream(12);
+        assert_eq!(icecreams, 0);
+    }
+}

exercises/options/options2.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// option2.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint option2` for hints
+// options2.rs
+// Execute `rustlings hint options2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/options/options3.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// option3.rs
-// Make me compile! Execute `rustlings hint option3` for hints
+// options3.rs
+// Execute `rustlings hint options3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types2.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 fn main() {
     // Characters (`char`)
 
+    // Note the _single_ quotes, these are different from the double quotes
+    // you've been seeing around.
     let my_first_initial = 'C';
     if my_first_initial.is_alphabetic() {
         println!("Alphabetical!");

exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types3.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // primitive_types3.rs
 // Create an array with at least 100 elements in it where the ??? is.
-// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types3` for hints!
+// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types4.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // primitive_types4.rs
 // Get a slice out of Array a where the ??? is so that the test passes.
-// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types4` for hints!!
+// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types5.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // primitive_types5.rs
 // Destructure the `cat` tuple so that the println will work.
-// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types5` for hints!
+// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/primitive_types/primitive_types6.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // primitive_types6.rs
 // Use a tuple index to access the second element of `numbers`.
 // You can put the expression for the second element where ??? is so that the test passes.
-// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types6` for hints!
+// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/quiz1.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // This is a quiz for the following sections:
 // - Variables
 // - Functions
+// - If
 
 // Mary is buying apples. One apple usually costs 2 Rustbucks, but if you buy
 // more than 40 at once, each apple only costs 1! Write a function that calculates
@@ -10,14 +11,14 @@
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
 // Put your function here!
-// fn calculate_apple_price {
+// fn calculate_price_of_apples {
 
 // Don't modify this function!
 #[test]
 fn verify_test() {
-    let price1 = calculate_apple_price(35);
-    let price2 = calculate_apple_price(40);
-    let price3 = calculate_apple_price(65);
+    let price1 = calculate_price_of_apples(35);
+    let price2 = calculate_price_of_apples(40);
+    let price3 = calculate_price_of_apples(65);
 
     assert_eq!(70, price1);
     assert_eq!(80, price2);

exercises/quiz2.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,62 @@
 // quiz2.rs
 // This is a quiz for the following sections:
 // - Strings
+// - Vecs
+// - Move semantics
+// - Modules
+// - Enums
 
-// Ok, here are a bunch of values-- some are `String`s, some are `&str`s. Your
-// task is to call one of these two functions on each value depending on what
-// you think each value is. That is, add either `string_slice` or `string`
-// before the parentheses on each line. If you're right, it will compile!
+// Let's build a little machine in form of a function.
+// As input, we're going to give a list of strings and commands. These commands
+// determine what action is going to be applied to the string. It can either be:
+// - Uppercase the string
+// - Trim the string
+// - Append "bar" to the string a specified amount of times
+// The exact form of this will be:
+// - The input is going to be a Vector of a 2-length tuple,
+//   the first element is the string, the second one is the command.
+// - The output element is going to be a Vector of strings.
+// Execute `rustlings hint quiz2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
-fn string_slice(arg: &str) {
-    println!("{}", arg);
-}
-fn string(arg: String) {
-    println!("{}", arg);
+pub enum Command {
+    Uppercase,
+    Trim,
+    Append(usize),
 }
 
-fn main() {
-    ???("blue");
-    ???("red".to_string());
-    ???(String::from("hi"));
-    ???("rust is fun!".to_owned());
-    ???("nice weather".into());
-    ???(format!("Interpolation {}", "Station"));
-    ???(&String::from("abc")[0..1]);
-    ???("  hello there ".trim());
-    ???("Happy Monday!".to_string().replace("Mon", "Tues"));
-    ???("mY sHiFt KeY iS sTiCkY".to_lowercase());
+mod my_module {
+    use super::Command;
+
+    // TODO: Complete the function signature!
+    pub fn transformer(input: ???) -> ??? {
+        // TODO: Complete the output declaration!
+        let mut output: ??? = vec![];
+        for (string, command) in input.iter() {
+            // TODO: Complete the function body. You can do it!
+        }
+        output
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    // TODO: What do we have to import to have `transformer` in scope?
+    use ???;
+    use super::Command;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_works() {
+        let output = transformer(vec![
+            ("hello".into(), Command::Uppercase),
+            (" all roads lead to rome! ".into(), Command::Trim),
+            ("foo".into(), Command::Append(1)),
+            ("bar".into(), Command::Append(5)),
+        ]);
+        assert_eq!(output[0], "HELLO");
+        assert_eq!(output[1], "all roads lead to rome!");
+        assert_eq!(output[2], "foobar");
+        assert_eq!(output[3], "barbarbarbarbarbar");
+    }
 }

exercises/quiz3.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,32 @@
 // quiz3.rs
-// This is a quiz for the following sections:
-// - Tests
+// This quiz tests:
+// - Generics
+// - Traits
+// An imaginary magical school has a new report card generation system written in Rust!
+// Currently the system only supports creating report cards where the student's grade
+// is represented numerically (e.g. 1.0 -> 5.5).
+// However, the school also issues alphabetical grades (A+ -> F-) and needs
+// to be able to print both types of report card!
 
-// This quiz isn't testing our function -- make it do that in such a way that
-// the test passes. Then write a second test that tests that we get the result
-// we expect to get when we call `times_two` with a negative number.
-// No hints, you can do this :)
+// Make the necessary code changes in the struct ReportCard and the impl block
+// to support alphabetical report cards. Change the Grade in the second test to "A+"
+// to show that your changes allow alphabetical grades.
+
+// Execute `rustlings hint quiz3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
-pub fn times_two(num: i32) -> i32 {
-    num * 2
+pub struct ReportCard {
+    pub grade: f32,
+    pub student_name: String,
+    pub student_age: u8,
+}
+
+impl ReportCard {
+    pub fn print(&self) -> String {
+        format!("{} ({}) - achieved a grade of {}",
+            &self.student_name, &self.student_age, &self.grade)
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -18,13 +34,29 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
-    fn returns_twice_of_positive_numbers() {
-        assert_eq!(times_two(4), ???);
+    fn generate_numeric_report_card() {
+        let report_card = ReportCard {
+            grade: 2.1,
+            student_name: "Tom Wriggle".to_string(),
+            student_age: 12,
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            report_card.print(),
+            "Tom Wriggle (12) - achieved a grade of 2.1"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn returns_twice_of_negative_numbers() {
-        // TODO replace unimplemented!() with an assert for `times_two(-4)`
-        unimplemented!()
+    fn generate_alphabetic_report_card() {
+        // TODO: Make sure to change the grade here after you finish the exercise.
+        let report_card = ReportCard {
+            grade: 2.1,
+            student_name: "Gary Plotter".to_string(),
+            student_age: 11,
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            report_card.print(),
+            "Gary Plotter (11) - achieved a grade of A+"
+        );
     }
 }

exercises/quiz4.rs

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-// quiz4.rs
-// This quiz covers the sections:
-// - Modules
-// - Macros
-
-// Write a macro that passes the quiz! No hints this time, you can do it!
-
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_my_macro_world() {
-        assert_eq!(my_macro!("world!"), "Hello world!");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_my_macro_goodbye() {
-        assert_eq!(my_macro!("goodbye!"), "Hello goodbye!");
-    }
-}

exercises/standard_library_types/arc1.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 // Make this code compile by filling in a value for `shared_numbers` where the
 // first TODO comment is, and create an initial binding for `child_numbers`
 // where the second TODO comment is. Try not to create any copies of the `numbers` Vec!
-// Execute `rustlings hint arc1` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint arc1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -32,12 +32,7 @@ fn main() {
     for offset in 0..8 {
         let child_numbers = // TODO
         joinhandles.push(thread::spawn(move || {
-            let mut i = offset;
-            let mut sum = 0;
-            while i < child_numbers.len() {
-                sum += child_numbers[i];
-                i += 8;
-            }
+            let sum: u32 = child_numbers.iter().filter(|n| *n % 8 == offset).sum();
             println!("Sum of offset {} is {}", offset, sum);
         }));
     }

exercises/standard_library_types/box1.rs

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
 // elements: the value of the current item and the next item. The last item is a value called `Nil`.
 //
 // Step 1: use a `Box` in the enum definition to make the code compile
-// Step 2: create both empty and non-empty cons lists by replacing `unimplemented!()`
+// Step 2: create both empty and non-empty cons lists by replacing `todo!()`
 //
 // Note: the tests should not be changed
 //
-// Execute `rustlings hint box1` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint box1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ fn main() {
 }
 
 pub fn create_empty_list() -> List {
-    unimplemented!()
+    todo!()
 }
 
 pub fn create_non_empty_list() -> List {
-    unimplemented!()
+    todo!()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

exercises/standard_library_types/cow1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// cow1.rs
+
+// This exercise explores the Cow, or Clone-On-Write type.
+// Cow is a clone-on-write smart pointer.
+// It can enclose and provide immutable access to borrowed data, and clone the data lazily when mutation or ownership is required.
+// The type is designed to work with general borrowed data via the Borrow trait.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+fn abs_all<'a, 'b>(input: &'a mut Cow<'b, [i32]>) -> &'a mut Cow<'b, [i32]> {
+    for i in 0..input.len() {
+        let v = input[i];
+        if v < 0 {
+            // Clones into a vector if not already owned.
+            input.to_mut()[i] = -v;
+        }
+    }
+    input
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // No clone occurs because `input` doesn't need to be mutated.
+    let slice = [0, 1, 2];
+    let mut input = Cow::from(&slice[..]);
+    match abs_all(&mut input) {
+        Cow::Borrowed(_) => println!("I borrowed the slice!"),
+        _ => panic!("expected borrowed value"),
+    }
+
+    // Clone occurs because `input` needs to be mutated.
+    let slice = [-1, 0, 1];
+    let mut input = Cow::from(&slice[..]);
+    match abs_all(&mut input) {
+        Cow::Owned(_) => println!("I modified the slice and now own it!"),
+        _ => panic!("expected owned value"),
+    }
+
+    // No clone occurs because `input` is already owned.
+    let slice = vec![-1, 0, 1];
+    let mut input = Cow::from(slice);
+    match abs_all(&mut input) {
+        // TODO
+        Cow::Borrowed(_) => println!("I own this slice!"),
+        _ => panic!("expected borrowed value"),
+    }
+}

exercises/standard_library_types/iterators1.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // This module helps you get familiar with the structure of using an iterator and
 // how to go through elements within an iterable collection.
 //
-// Execute `rustlings hint iterators1` for hints :D
+// Execute `rustlings hint iterators1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ fn main () {
     assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"banana"));
     assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), ???);     // TODO: Step 2
     assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"avocado"));
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), ???);     // TODO: Step 2.1
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"raspberry"));
     assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), ???);     // TODO: Step 3
+    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"raspberry"));
+    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), ???);     // TODO: Step 4
 }

exercises/standard_library_types/iterators2.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // iterators2.rs
 // In this exercise, you'll learn some of the unique advantages that iterators
 // can offer. Follow the steps to complete the exercise.
-// As always, there are hints if you execute `rustlings hint iterators2`!
+// Execute `rustlings hint iterators2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/standard_library_types/iterators3.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // 1. Complete the divide function to get the first four tests to pass.
 // 2. Get the remaining tests to pass by completing the result_with_list and
 //    list_of_results functions.
-// Execute `rustlings hint iterators3` to get some hints!
+// Execute `rustlings hint iterators3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ pub struct NotDivisibleError {
 
 // Calculate `a` divided by `b` if `a` is evenly divisible by `b`.
 // Otherwise, return a suitable error.
-pub fn divide(a: i32, b: i32) -> Result<i32, DivisionError> {}
+pub fn divide(a: i32, b: i32) -> Result<i32, DivisionError> {
+    todo!();
+}
 
 // Complete the function and return a value of the correct type so the test passes.
 // Desired output: Ok([1, 11, 1426, 3])

exercises/standard_library_types/iterators4.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // iterators4.rs
+// Execute `rustlings hint iterators4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -18,6 +19,11 @@ pub fn factorial(num: u64) -> u64 {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn factorial_of_0() {
+        assert_eq!(1, factorial(0));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn factorial_of_1() {
         assert_eq!(1, factorial(1));

exercises/standard_library_types/iterators5.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // imperative style for loops. Recreate this counting functionality using
 // iterators. Only the two iterator methods (count_iterator and
 // count_collection_iterator) need to be modified.
-// Execute `rustlings hint iterators5` for hints.
+// Execute `rustlings hint iterators5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 //
 // Make the code compile and the tests pass.
 
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ fn count_for(map: &HashMap<String, Progress>, value: Progress) -> usize {
 fn count_iterator(map: &HashMap<String, Progress>, value: Progress) -> usize {
     // map is a hashmap with String keys and Progress values.
     // map = { "variables1": Complete, "from_str": None, ... }
+    todo!();
 }
 
 fn count_collection_for(collection: &[HashMap<String, Progress>], value: Progress) -> usize {
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ fn count_collection_iterator(collection: &[HashMap<String, Progress>], value: Pr
     // collection is a slice of hashmaps.
     // collection = [{ "variables1": Complete, "from_str": None, ... },
     //     { "variables2": Complete, ... }, ... ]
+    todo!();
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

exercises/standard_library_types/rc1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// rc1.rs
+// In this exercise, we want to express the concept of multiple owners via the Rc<T> type.
+// This is a model of our solar system - there is a Sun type and multiple Planets.
+// The Planets take ownership of the sun, indicating that they revolve around the sun.
+
+// Make this code compile by using the proper Rc primitives to express that the sun has multiple owners.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Sun {}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+enum Planet {
+    Mercury(Rc<Sun>),
+    Venus(Rc<Sun>),
+    Earth(Rc<Sun>),
+    Mars(Rc<Sun>),
+    Jupiter(Rc<Sun>),
+    Saturn(Rc<Sun>),
+    Uranus(Rc<Sun>),
+    Neptune(Rc<Sun>),
+}
+
+impl Planet {
+    fn details(&self) {
+        println!("Hi from {:?}!", self)
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let sun = Rc::new(Sun {});
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference
+
+    let mercury = Planet::Mercury(Rc::clone(&sun));
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references
+    mercury.details();
+
+    let venus = Planet::Venus(Rc::clone(&sun));
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references
+    venus.details();
+
+    let earth = Planet::Earth(Rc::clone(&sun));
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references
+    earth.details();
+
+    let mars = Planet::Mars(Rc::clone(&sun));
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 references
+    mars.details();
+
+    let jupiter = Planet::Jupiter(Rc::clone(&sun));
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 references
+    jupiter.details();
+
+    // TODO
+    let saturn = Planet::Saturn(Rc::new(Sun {}));
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references
+    saturn.details();
+
+    // TODO
+    let uranus = Planet::Uranus(Rc::new(Sun {}));
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references
+    uranus.details();
+
+    // TODO
+    let neptune = Planet::Neptune(Rc::new(Sun {}));
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 9 references
+    neptune.details();
+
+    assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 9);
+
+    drop(neptune);
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references
+
+    drop(uranus);
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references
+
+    drop(saturn);
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 references
+
+    drop(jupiter);
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 references
+
+    drop(mars);
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references
+
+    // TODO
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references
+
+    // TODO
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references
+
+    // TODO
+    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference
+
+    assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 1);
+}

exercises/strings/strings1.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // strings1.rs
 // Make me compile without changing the function signature!
-// Execute `rustlings hint strings1` for hints ;)
+// Execute `rustlings hint strings1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/strings/strings2.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // strings2.rs
 // Make me compile without changing the function signature!
-// Execute `rustlings hint strings2` for hints :)
+// Execute `rustlings hint strings2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 

exercises/strings/strings3.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// strings3.rs
+// Execute `rustlings hint strings3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn trim_me(input: &str) -> String {
+    // TODO: Remove whitespace from both ends of a string!
+    ???
+}
+
+fn compose_me(input: &str) -> String {
+    // TODO: Add " world!" to the string! There's multiple ways to do this!
+    ???
+}
+
+fn replace_me(input: &str) -> String {
+    // TODO: Replace "cars" in the string with "balloons"!
+    ???
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn trim_a_string() {
+        assert_eq!(trim_me("Hello!     "), "Hello!");
+        assert_eq!(trim_me("  What's up!"), "What's up!");
+        assert_eq!(trim_me("   Hola!  "), "Hola!");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn compose_a_string() {
+        assert_eq!(compose_me("Hello"), "Hello world!");
+        assert_eq!(compose_me("Goodbye"), "Goodbye world!");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn replace_a_string() {
+        assert_eq!(replace_me("I think cars are cool"), "I think balloons are cool");
+        assert_eq!(replace_me("I love to look at cars"), "I love to look at balloons");
+    }
+}

exercises/strings/strings4.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// strings4.rs
+
+// Ok, here are a bunch of values-- some are `String`s, some are `&str`s. Your
+// task is to call one of these two functions on each value depending on what
+// you think each value is. That is, add either `string_slice` or `string`
+// before the parentheses on each line. If you're right, it will compile!
+// No hints this time!
+
+// I AM NOT DONE
+
+fn string_slice(arg: &str) {
+    println!("{}", arg);
+}
+fn string(arg: String) {
+    println!("{}", arg);
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    ???("blue");
+    ???("red".to_string());
+    ???(String::from("hi"));
+    ???("rust is fun!".to_owned());
+    ???("nice weather".into());
+    ???(format!("Interpolation {}", "Station"));
+    ???(&String::from("abc")[0..1]);
+    ???("  hello there ".trim());
+    ???("Happy Monday!".to_string().replace("Mon", "Tues"));
+    ???("mY sHiFt KeY iS sTiCkY".to_lowercase());
+}

exercises/structs/structs1.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // structs1.rs
 // Address all the TODOs to make the tests pass!
+// Execute `rustlings hint structs1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ struct ColorClassicStruct {
 struct ColorTupleStruct(/* TODO: Something goes here */);
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-struct UnitStruct;
+struct UnitLikeStruct;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
@@ -21,8 +22,9 @@ mod tests {
         // TODO: Instantiate a classic c struct!
         // let green =
 
-        assert_eq!(green.name, "green");
-        assert_eq!(green.hex, "#00FF00");
+        assert_eq!(green.red, 0);
+        assert_eq!(green.green, 255);
+        assert_eq!(green.blue, 0);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -30,16 +32,17 @@ mod tests {
         // TODO: Instantiate a tuple struct!
         // let green =
 
-        assert_eq!(green.0, "green");
-        assert_eq!(green.1, "#00FF00");
+        assert_eq!(green.0, 0);
+        assert_eq!(green.1, 255);
+        assert_eq!(green.2, 0);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn unit_structs() {
-        // TODO: Instantiate a unit struct!
-        // let unit_struct =
-        let message = format!("{:?}s are fun!", unit_struct);
+        // TODO: Instantiate a unit-like struct!
+        // let unit_like_struct =
+        let message = format!("{:?}s are fun!", unit_like_struct);
 
-        assert_eq!(message, "UnitStructs are fun!");
+        assert_eq!(message, "UnitLikeStructs are fun!");
     }
 }

exercises/structs/structs2.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // structs2.rs
 // Address all the TODOs to make the tests pass!
+// Execute `rustlings hint structs2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
 // I AM NOT DONE